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1

蔡, 紫苗. "试论职业教育“1+X”证书制度的创新路径." 现代教育论坛 3, no. 8 (November 12, 2020): 105. http://dx.doi.org/10.32629/mef.v3i8.2772.

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在目前我国经济产业结构转型升级发展背景中,开始全面实践职业教育1+X证书制度,此制度是对职业教育进行有效治理以及顶层设计优化的重要举措。其能全面适应职业教育内涵建设要求,对技术性人才培养体系有效建构。在职业教育1+X证书制度中有效回应了市场需求与学历教育的价值诉求,能全面实现职业教育与市场发展属性的有效统一,是职业教育治理体系现代化发展的重要举措。现阶段对职业教育1+X证书制度进行有效试点,要注重突出政府部门协同治理作用,发挥企业参与、实施主体、政府协调治理等作用,建立国家资历框架体系结构。
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施, 玮. "高校思想政治教育隐性育人场域建构——基于心理契约视角." 教学方法创新与实践 2, no. 8 (December 29, 2019): 169. http://dx.doi.org/10.26549/jxffcxysj.v2i8.2746.

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吴, 燕霞. "高职院校辅导员职业化发展的路径探析." 现代教育论坛 3, no. 6 (June 30, 2020): 37. http://dx.doi.org/10.32629/mef.v3i6.1661.

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辅导员是高职院校教师队伍中的重要组成部分,是高职院校从事德育工作,开展大学生思想政治教育的骨干力量,承担着不同于专业教师的教学任务和学生管理任务。面对新时代高职大学生呈现的新情况,高职院校辅导员的职业化发展势在必行。针对高职院校辅导员队伍的职业化发展现状,可以从提高制度意识、深化制度建设、强化制度执行,加强制度监督等多个层面来进行高职院校辅导员职业化发展的路径探析,进而促进高职院校育人能力的不断提升。
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刘, 爱华. "如何做好思想政治工作的制度化建设." 财经与管理 1, no. 5 (December 8, 2017): 486. http://dx.doi.org/10.26549/cjygl.v1i5.509.

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5

罗, 清. "双创背景下高校创新创业教育师资队伍建设." 教育科学发展 2, no. 11 (November 30, 2020): 251–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.36012/sde.v2i11.2408.

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陈, 津昭. "高中体育教学现状及其解决措施分析." 教学方法创新与实践 3, no. 2 (April 7, 2020): 94. http://dx.doi.org/10.26549/jxffcxysj.v3i2.3539.

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经济的迅猛发展,推动了教育事业的发展,教育事业作为一个国家发展过程中不可或缺的一部分,越来越受到政府部门的高度关注。为了更好地促进中国教育事业整体的发展以及进步,教育部门针对中国教育事业制定了一系列行之有效的对策,尤其是对高中体育教学而言,更是采取了诸多的教学对策。同时在人们生活水平不断提高的过程中,逐渐加深了对身心健康的追求,这就促进了高中体育教学的不断改革更新。本文就中国高中体育课程存在的问题进行了简要的探讨,并且提出了相应的创新措施,以激发学生的体育兴趣,希望对提升高中学生体育兴趣能够有所帮助。
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张, 倩. "基于行动学习理论的 高职院校“双师双能型”教师培养策略研究." 教学方法创新与实践 2, no. 7 (November 26, 2019): 64. http://dx.doi.org/10.26549/jxffcxysj.v2i7.2571.

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面对职业教育改革的深化发展,“双师双能型”教师队伍的培养日益受到关注。论文针对高职院校“双师双能型”教师培养所面临的实践教学能力不足、职业发展动力不足以及综合职业素养不足等问题,立足行动学习理论,从发挥政策制度的引领作用、注重培训赋能的实践导向、拓展合作平台的深度广度以及强化反思进步的价值体现等方面探讨了提高“双师双能型”教师培养质量的具体策略,旨在促进高职院校人才队伍建设,更好地助力中国职业教育蓬勃发展!
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万, 西京. "试论社团在学生管理中的作用." 教学方法创新与实践 2, no. 8 (December 29, 2019): 90. http://dx.doi.org/10.26549/jxffcxysj.v2i8.2653.

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権, 奇法. "日本における地方教育行政制度改革と 教育の政治的中立性." Institute for Legal Studies Chonnam National University 38, no. 4 (November 30, 2018): 315–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.38133/cnulawreview.2018.38.4.315.

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王, 晓. "教育综合改革背景下的高校德育发展路径研究." 教学方法创新与实践 2, no. 8 (December 29, 2019): 195. http://dx.doi.org/10.26549/jxffcxysj.v2i8.2768.

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2010 年,《国家中长期教育发展规划纲要( 2010-2020)》发布,明确了今后十年的教育改革发展部署和目标。 2014 年作为承接国家“一市两校”教育综合改革任务,中国上海市市委、市政府印发了《上海市教育综合改革方案( 2014—2020)》,预示了各级各类教育全面持续发展,这些都代表了中国高等教育改革进入了新的阶段。事实上,改革开放以来,高校管理体制改革一直在不断摸索中前行,尤其是二维分类标准体系、高原高峰学科、“双一流”大学的构建,更是把高校的改革推向了一个前所未有的深度和广度。在这一背景下,作为高校的德育工作,也需要因势利导,建立一个“协同有序、综合并举”的发展新模式,联动各方力量形成合力。
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张, 宜振. "提升高校学生基层党支部组织生活的吸引力和实效性研究." 现代教育论坛 3, no. 9 (December 11, 2020): 155. http://dx.doi.org/10.32629/mef.v3i9.2899.

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王, 潇. "高职院校大学生心理健康教育工作浅谈." 教学方法创新与实践 2, no. 6 (November 13, 2019): 86. http://dx.doi.org/10.26549/jxffcxysj.v2i6.2441.

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高职院校中,辅导员是进行大学生心理教育工作的推动者与实施者。陕西国防工业职业技术学院经济管理学院结合高职院校教育教学特点,融合自身管理经验,全方位、多角度落实大学生心理健康教育工作。以班级为单位设置辅导员,紧抓思想政治教育、学生日常管理、学生心理健康工作,力争使大学生思想政治教育工作及心理健康工作更加有效地贯穿于学生学习和成长的全过程,提升院校管理水平和工作具体实效。该模式对辅导员工作提出了更高的要求,我院采取如下措施协助实施:落实辅导员担任班主任和专兼职辅导员的工作津贴;促进辅导员开展日常工作,鼓励学生社团协助管理;学工部制定科学有效的辅导员工作考评体系。
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葉珍玲, 葉珍玲, and 許添明 Chen-Lin Yeh. "偏鄉學校變革之挑戰教育優先區─成功專案推動歷程研究." 彰化師大教育學報 35, no. 35 (December 2020): 001–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.53106/181983092020120035001.

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<p>本研究以參與「教育優先區─成功專案」之四個區19所國中小為研究對象,透過文件分析及質性訪談,分析成功專案籌備及實施第一年期間(2014至2015年)在四個區的運作情況。研究旨在探討專案學校如何推動成功專案、剖析成功專案在多大程度上促進改變,及阻礙改變產生的因素。研究發現區計畫書的經費配置取決於規劃者對基本學力的重視程度,區計畫書規劃策略深受學校行政教學分工及教育優先區計畫執行經驗之影響。成功專案在區層級所產生的改變為促進區內學校的交流與對話,在學校層級觀察到的改變則是調整補救教學實施和促進弱勢家長參與策略。缺乏行政權、共同討論時間和整合經驗,及人員流動是啟動與維持區變革之挑戰。本研究提出四項建議:(1)以提升學生基本學力為國中小整合主軸,發展行政人員課程領導能力;(2)引進結構化的補救教學模式,搭配與現場教學工作銜接的培訓課程,提升教師分析學生學習成效及差異化教學知能;(3)建立區內及校內行政人員與教師對話討論機制;(4)提供討論的鷹架與專業伴隨,以提升專案的綜效。</p> <p>&nbsp;</p><p>Since 1996, Taiwan has been implementing the Educational Priority Areas (EPA) Program to reduce the achievement gaps between students in different regions. However, according to the results from PISA, TIMSS, PILRS and the Basic Competence Test, the achievement gap has widened between urban and rural students over time. The Taiwanese Ministry of Education piloted the &quot;&quot;Success Program&quot;&quot; from 2014 to 2017, an experimental program in order to reform the EPA Program. This study sought to investigate the implementation of the Success Program. The researcher conducted semi-structured interviews with 26 school principals, division heads and teachers recruited from participating schools and utilized content analysis to analyze challenges, difficulties and compromises during the first two years of implementation. The purpose was to explore the extent to which the Success Program promoted educational change, the advantages and limitations of zone-based intervention, as well as the factors hindering educational change. Suggestions are provided for improving area-based intervention. Results: The results indicate that the Success Program facilitated inter-school cooperation among elementary teachers at the zone level. Besides, the adjustment of remedial teaching and parental involvement strategies were observed at the school level. However, no change was found at the classroom level. In addition, there was a goal displacement at the school level. In terms of zone integration, lacking of administrative power, short of discussion time, insufficient collaboration skills as well as high teacher turnover rate were main challenges of initiating and sustaining educational change. Policy recommendations: (1) Cultivating instructional leaders and concentrating the focus of zone integration on basic competences. (2) Providing instructional guidance and introducing school-based workshops to strengthen instructional practices. (3) Establishing the discussion mechanism between the administrative team and teachers. (4) Providing scaffolding and expert consultations to support collaborative discussions.</p> <p>&nbsp;</p>
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Chunlin, Yao. "全球化背景下藏族农村社区的 语言生活——青海省黄南藏族 自治州力加村语言使用及语言 态度研究 = The Language Life in a Tibetan Village Community with Globalization: Case Study on Language Use and Attitude in Lijia Village, Huangnan, Qinhai." Sinología hispánica 1, no. 1 (November 15, 2015): 133. http://dx.doi.org/10.18002/sin.v1i1.5186.

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<p>采用问卷调查、辅以访谈的方式,调查藏<br />语安多方言区的一个农业社区(力加村)的语<br />言生活、语言活力、语言使用和语言态度。结<br />果显示,当地藏语文活力旺盛,藏语是当地各<br />种场合的主要交际用语。被调查对象中近一半<br />人是藏汉双语人,他们大多年龄较小或受过教<br />育。被调查对象的语言文字态度具有较强的包<br />容性,对藏汉语文都持积极态度。所有被调查<br />对象都希望后代接受藏语教育,近一半被调查<br />对象希望后代在接受藏语教育的同时接受汉语 和(或)英语教育。被调查对象对藏语具有很<br />强的民族情感。他们承认藏语文在当地活力旺<br />盛,但仍旧担心“政府制定的语言文字政策执<br />行不到位”会影响当地的藏语文发展。</p><p>In order to study language vitality, language<br />use and language attitude in a Tibetan<br />agriculture community (Lijia Village) in Amdo<br />dialect region, the research methods<br />Questionnaire and Interview are used to collect<br />data. The research finds that the Tibetan<br />Language which is the main communication<br />language in local area is full of vitalities. All<br />subjects hope their children access Tibetan<br />education. At the same time, half of the<br />subjects hope their children access Chinese or<br />(and) English education and become bilingualism. The research also finds that half of<br />the subjects are Chinese-Tibetan bilingualism,<br />who are young and (or) educated; and most of<br />the subjects hold the positive attitudes towards<br />both Chinese and Tibetan</p>
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15

Wicking, Paul. "The Role of Formative Assessment in Global Human Resource Development." JALT Journal 38, no. 1 (May 1, 2016): 27. http://dx.doi.org/10.37546/jaltjj38.1-2.

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Over the last few years, the Japanese Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology (MEXT) has been advocating the development of guroubaru-jinzai [global human resources]. These global human resources are to be top global performers who are intellectually savvy and internationally minded young men and women able to communicate across cultural divides and promote Japanese interests on the world stage. The success or failure of this policy will in no small part be determined by how well the various components of the educational system are aligned towards the goal. In particular, the ways in which assessment is conceptualized and practiced is vitally important. The continuation of a testing and examination system that consistently rewards memorization and repetition of learned facts will stifle the independence, creativity, and collaboration skills that MEXT hopes to develop. Rather, the development of these skills is best facilitated through formative assessment processes, which have until now been lacking within secondary and higher education in Japan. Instead there has been an inordinate focus on summative assessment and high stakes testing within the education system. In this paper I argue for the importance of formative assessment in shaping learners into the top global performers desired by MEXT and suggest some steps to be taken towards a contextually-based formative assessment practice. ここ数年文部科学省はグローバル人材の育成を推奨している。グローバル人材とは異文化コミュニケーション能力と国際理解を備え、日本の国益を視野に世界で活躍できる知的エリートと言える。この政策が成功するには、教育制度を構成する様々な要素の良好な連携が不可欠である。中でも教育評価の適切な概念化と実行は特に重要である。丸暗記や機械的な学習を奨励する試験制度は、自立、創造力および協調力など文部科学省が人材に求める能力の育成を妨害していると思われる。学生がこの能力を習得するためには、形成的評価が有効であるが、従来日本の高校や大学ではあまり行われてこなかった。実際には、総括的評価と一発試験ばかりが重要視されてきたと言ってよいだろう。本稿では、グローバル人材育成における形成的評価の重要性を論じ、教育環境に合わせた実践方法を提案する。
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BAI, Jie. "儒家如何看待脱離婚姻的生育行為——由單身女性「凍卵」問題引發的法律與倫理討論." International Journal of Chinese & Comparative Philosophy of Medicine 17, no. 1 (January 1, 2019): 29–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.24112/ijccpm.171663.

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LANGUAGE NOTE | Document text in Chinese; abstract also in English.近年來得益於女性地位的提升與名人效應,單身女性凍卵問題日趨成為社會輿論關注的焦點,由此也引發了法學界對單身女性生育權的討論。然而,單身女性凍卵不僅僅是一個法律議題,更是一個倫理問題。不僅法律和法規的制定和修訂中多有涉及對倫理的關照,凍卵的臨床實踐中也廣泛存在對倫理的考量。在結婚率和生育率持續走低當下社會,相當一部分單身 女性選擇凍卵的動機是希望脱離婚姻而進行自主的生育行 為。值得深思的是,東亞的儒教國家對輔助生殖的使用限制最為嚴格、政策最為保守。本文試圖通過分析儒家會如何看待脱離婚姻的生育行為,來探討儒學倫理對單身女性凍卵抱有怎麽樣的態度、能夠帶來怎麽的啟示。本文認為,儘管在法律維度上應該肯定單身女性擁有生育權,但在倫理層面上,脱離婚姻的生育行為應該極為審慎,因為其有違儒家倫理中對家庭秩序的看重,同時也讓“雙親撫育”難以得到實現。In recent years, thanks to the promotion of the status of women and the celebrity effect, the issue of the frozen eggs of single women has become a focus of public opinion, leading to discussion of the reproductive rights of single women in the legal arena. However, single women's frozen eggs are also an ethical issue. The laws and regulations not only involve ethics, but also ethical considerations in the clinical practice of frozen eggs. In today's society, in which the marriage rate and fertility rate continue to decline, many single women choose to freeze their eggs to distinguish between reproductive activities and marriage. It is worth thinking about the fact that Confucian East Asia has the strictest restrictions and most conservative policy on the use of assisted reproduction. This paper explores how Confucian ethics have a different position on single women’s frozen eggs by analyzing how Confucianism views fertility behaviors that are separated from marriage. It argues that although it is certain that a single woman has the right to give birth in the legal dimension, ethically, the procreative behavior of marriage should be taken with caution, as it violates the Confucian ethic of the family order by making parental care more difficult.DOWNLOAD HISTORY | This article has been downloaded 45 times in Digital Commons before migrating into this platform.
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CHEN, Hua, and Yonghui MA. "知情同意臨床實踐實證研究——第一人稱視角的考察." International Journal of Chinese & Comparative Philosophy of Medicine 15, no. 2 (January 1, 2017): 9–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.24112/ijccpm.151631.

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LANGUAGE NOTE | Document text in Chinese; abstract also in English.知情同意作為一項權利,患者成為闡述其體驗的首要主體。實證調查表明,患者對於其權利認知還存在不足,多數偏好於患者與家庭共用模式;在實踐中,知情與同意在主體層面存在分離現象。對於病情的告知傾向於任選模式,但家庭是不可或缺的告知物件,對於診療、護理等相關資訊,傾向於患者模式;在同意方面,家屬成為獲取同意的主體。經濟因素成為患方“不同意”的首要原因。對於不同維度的調查表明,基於女性相對脆弱性特點,他們對於家庭的依賴性更強,其維權意識更強;在年齡層面,青少年對於權利的認知更理性,具有現代契約精神。在地域層面,縣級以上城市居民對於權利認知度更高;職業往往與教育程度相關,表明農民的個體依賴性更強;政府機關以及事業單位人員個體主體性更強。為此,需要加強患者權利教育,提升主體意識;對醫務人員加強職業道德教育,履行告知義務,強化醫患信任;深化醫療衛生體制改革,為知情同意的踐行提供空間與時間。An informed consent document is vital for all surgical procedures and medical treatments. Proper documentation and counseling of patients is important for informed consent. Opinion polls conducted in this essay show that the majority of people in China today have accepted informed consent as a legally binding medical policy, yet they do not fully understand the ethical and legal connotations involved, particularly the idea of the patient’s autonomy. As a result, the patient’s own experience as a first-person narrative is often ignored and his/her subjectivity is blurred when his/her family’s subjectivity intervenes. According to the essay, the problem appears when liberalism—which emphasizes individual autonomy and rights—does not square with the Confucian tradition that emphasizes family as a coherent unit. The essay also points out that there is a huge difference in patients’ perceptions of “individual rights,” due to their different levels of education. The author argues that informed consent could be better practiced if both doctors and patients were “well informed” and understood the moral and legal implications of informed consent.DOWNLOAD HISTORY | This article has been downloaded 97 times in Digital Commons before migrating into this platform.
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GE, Xian, Hongyan LEI, and Dongmei LIU. "臨床護士護理倫理認知、踐行現狀調查及對策分析." International Journal of Chinese & Comparative Philosophy of Medicine 14, no. 1 (January 1, 2016): 69–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.24112/ijccpm.141608.

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LANGUAGE NOTE | Document text in Chinese; abstract also in English.本文研究目前臨床護士護理倫理認知踐行現狀,分析相關影響因素,探討新形勢下增強臨床護士護理倫理認知實踐的對策。研究採用“臨床護士護理倫理認知及踐行現狀調查問卷”和“患者對護士護理倫理服務滿意度調查問卷”對成都市3所三甲醫院的500 名護士以及相應的三所醫院的209 名患者進行隨機問卷調查,並對調查結果進行統計分析。文章建議通過國家政策改善醫院管理、完善教育體制、改善社會環境、加強護士自身學習等方法提高護士護理倫理的認知踐行能力。The purpose of this study is to investigate and analyze the ethical awareness and practice of clinical nurses in nursing care. By using specially designed questionnaires to interview 500 clinical nurses and 209 patients at three hospitals in Chengdu, Sichuan Province, the authors examine the current relationship in medical practice between medical professionals and patients.The study shows that the total score for the ethical knowledge of nurses is 16.38±3.91; for ethical practice it is 63.43±15.99; and the average score is 2.49±0.64. The score for patients’ satisfaction is 37.56±7. The study also shows that there are significant differences in ethical awareness among nurses with different educational levels and professional titles.Ethical practice is acknowledged as an essential part of good nursing, yet defining what comprises such practice is complex. The paper suggests that more ethical education that targets the situation in China should be provided that offers a holistic understanding of professional ethics for the nursing profession. Such ethical education is badly needed given the ethical tensions between medical professionals and patients in China today.DOWNLOAD HISTORY | This article has been downloaded 947 times in Digital Commons before migrating into this platform.
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陈, 泰羽. "共产主义大国学简论思政课的价值研究." 现代教育前沿 1, no. 3 (January 8, 2021): 49. http://dx.doi.org/10.33142/fme.v1i3.3068.

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共产主义大国学简论概述,自古至今,人类对理想社会和社会公正的追求从未停息,期间经历了诸多社会结构的变革,直到一八四八年德国思想家马克思的《共产党宣言》面世,为人类社会制度的发展指明了终极方向。最终社会主义制度在具有五千年文明的中华大地生根发芽、茁壮成长,之所以在中国实践发展,一是中华文明兼容并包一切优秀人类文化的特质所决定。二是得益于中国人民团结友爱奋发向上的精神品质。将人文精神融入到人类社会的发展中是中华文明的核心要素。建构人与人之间公平的社会关系和社会制度,实现人的全面发展是共产主义社会的理想目标,这是将人文精神融入到社会治理各个层面的科学阐述,天下为公的大同社会与当代共产主义的科学阐述,同为“公心”,共生同理。儒家思想强调修已以安人,善于“为已”才能更有效地“利世也”。为己不是自私,是修为自己,修正好自己而去服务社会。儒家教育培养的是每一个时代社会最需要的人才。道家为而不争的思想,不但能治世还能救世;释家明自性的大智慧,给人提供了无尽的能量源泉。中华文化源于伏羲时代的太极和合文化,至此之后的历代圣贤以及华夏子孙不断传承、实践、发展着太和文化,为构建人与人、人与社会、人与自然的和谐关系付出了巨大心血,在哲学文化、政治文化、伦理文化、教育文化、生态文化等方面提供了宝贵的实践智慧。人类社会和万事万物运行的基本规律,即后来所说的“道”。用一句话概括就是和合之道(万事万物多元共生共和共荣)。构建人与人、人与社会和谐关系的“大道”可以称之为道统社会学;即是把人文精神、人道主义以及一切人类优秀思想成果融入到社会文明发展进程中的实践性智慧学说。完善人与自然、人与自我关系的“大道”权且称作自然道统论。道统社会学与自然道统论合称为共产主义大国学简论。一切社会的问题都是人的问题,说白点就是人心的问题,心正才能做事对,通过此学说指导人们更好的处理自己的学业问题、家业问题、事业问题,进而彰显每一个人的生命价值,共创社会美好风尚。
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陈, 泰羽. "共产主义大国学简论思政课的价值研究." 现代教育前沿 1, no. 3 (January 8, 2021): 49. http://dx.doi.org/10.33142/fme.v1i3.3068.

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共产主义大国学简论概述,自古至今,人类对理想社会和社会公正的追求从未停息,期间经历了诸多社会结构的变革,直到一八四八年德国思想家马克思的《共产党宣言》面世,为人类社会制度的发展指明了终极方向。最终社会主义制度在具有五千年文明的中华大地生根发芽、茁壮成长,之所以在中国实践发展,一是中华文明兼容并包一切优秀人类文化的特质所决定。二是得益于中国人民团结友爱奋发向上的精神品质。将人文精神融入到人类社会的发展中是中华文明的核心要素。建构人与人之间公平的社会关系和社会制度,实现人的全面发展是共产主义社会的理想目标,这是将人文精神融入到社会治理各个层面的科学阐述,天下为公的大同社会与当代共产主义的科学阐述,同为“公心”,共生同理。儒家思想强调修已以安人,善于“为已”才能更有效地“利世也”。为己不是自私,是修为自己,修正好自己而去服务社会。儒家教育培养的是每一个时代社会最需要的人才。道家为而不争的思想,不但能治世还能救世;释家明自性的大智慧,给人提供了无尽的能量源泉。中华文化源于伏羲时代的太极和合文化,至此之后的历代圣贤以及华夏子孙不断传承、实践、发展着太和文化,为构建人与人、人与社会、人与自然的和谐关系付出了巨大心血,在哲学文化、政治文化、伦理文化、教育文化、生态文化等方面提供了宝贵的实践智慧。人类社会和万事万物运行的基本规律,即后来所说的“道”。用一句话概括就是和合之道(万事万物多元共生共和共荣)。构建人与人、人与社会和谐关系的“大道”可以称之为道统社会学;即是把人文精神、人道主义以及一切人类优秀思想成果融入到社会文明发展进程中的实践性智慧学说。完善人与自然、人与自我关系的“大道”权且称作自然道统论。道统社会学与自然道统论合称为共产主义大国学简论。一切社会的问题都是人的问题,说白点就是人心的问题,心正才能做事对,通过此学说指导人们更好的处理自己的学业问题、家业问题、事业问题,进而彰显每一个人的生命价值,共创社会美好风尚。
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SASAMORI, Takeshi. "Educational Reform in New South Wales." Comparative Education 1991, no. 17 (1991): 31–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.5998/jces.1991.31.

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TAKAHASHI, Nozomu. "The Reorganization of Educational Administration in New Zealand in the 1980s." Comparative Education 2007, no. 34 (2007): 44–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.5998/jces.2007.44.

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YANG, Tianming. "簡析老子的生命倫理觀及其現代意蘊." International Journal of Chinese & Comparative Philosophy of Medicine 5, no. 2 (January 1, 2007): 105–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.24112/ijccpm.51448.

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LANGUAGE NOTE | Document text in Chinese; abstract also in English.從現代生命倫理觀研究的現實出發,解析老子關於生命倫理觀的思想精髓及其現代意蘊,對於理解與認識現今社會發展中人與自然、人與社會和人與人之間關係所存在的問題,對於促進社會中人自由而全面的發展,都具有重要的價值和意義。從中國傳統思想文化出發,依託社會發展的現實,從倫理學角度對生命的解讀就不能僅僅局限於醫學領域,而應該是在社會這一更為寬泛的領域中進行研究。老子的思想深刻地揭示了自然、人以及社會存在和發展的內在規律,他的思想閃耀著獨特的人性的、智慧的光芒。在其博大深遠的思想之中顯現若現代意義的關於生命倫理觀的意蘊,其基本思想是:人的存在和發展必須是基於對自然和社會發展本質規律(“道”)的深入認識以及積極能動地尊重和適應﹔人的生命價值的實現和生命尊嚴的獲得必須是基於人與自然和社會良好的互動關係中得以實現的。人與外在因素互動過程中, 基本上形成了人與自然、人與社會和人與人之間三個層次的關係。在人與自然的關係中, 老子認為天之道也即是人之法,自然法則也應是人的行為規範, 應把對自然法則的認識上升到人類行為價值的高度。人對自我生命的愛護、尊重與保全,是以尊重與遵循自然之道為前提的,人的生命的存在與發展必須與自然保持和諧統一。在人與人的關係中, 老子首先認為在對待他人的利益方面,應該做到以寬厚仁慈的心態待人接物,成人之美,與人為善。其次,老子強調的是個體對自我心態和行為的約束。再者,在對待與他人的矛盾方面,老子認為“夫唯不爭,故天下莫能與之爭”。在分析社會與人的關係中,老子首先認為國家政策的實施,應該是循序漸進的,必須考慮到普通人的承受能力。其次老子認為社會和政府必須協調、平衡人與人之間的各種差距,政策的制定與實施應盡可能關照到最大多數人的利益。再者老子認為社會中人與人利益的不均衡,必將致使社會存在風險。老子的思想對於我們今天從倫理的角度認識人生命的尊嚴、權利與價值,對於理解人以及社會的和諧發展都具有重要的現實意義和價值。第一、隨著經濟的快速發展,人類對自然環境的破壞也日漸加劇。人類存在和發展的權利與自然是平等的,不能以犧牲生態環境、犧牲人生命存在和發展的價值去發展經濟,因為社會的可持續發展依存於人類與自然的和諧統一。第二、目前社會發展存在諸多方面的不均衡狀態。政府有責任縮小包括經濟、醫療和教育等方面的差距,使得公眾在各種資源的佔有上盡可能地趨向均衡狀態,使公眾擁有相對平等的生存權、發展權、生命健康權和接受教育的權利等,以維護其生命的尊嚴和促進其生命價值的實現。第三、在醫學活動中,其正實踐“預防為主”的方針,有效控制和消除引發疾病的各種自然和社會的因素,激發人自身的潛能,順應生命存在與發展的自然和社會的內在規律,引導公眾崇尚並踐行健康、文明、科學的生活方式,在“預防為主”科學理念的引領下積極維護人的生命健康權。第四、個體人文素質的提高是社會文明發展的重要標誌,它能夠促進人與人之間關係的協調,能夠喚醒和增強個體關注與維護他人生命的尊嚴、權利、價值。重視優良傳統道德文化在社會中的作用與價值,以制度化的方式加強優秀傳統道德文化的教育和實踐,培養公眾的人文主義精神。以社會現實為基礎,從生命倫理觀的角度出發對老子思想的研究,必然能夠加深對人以及生命的尊嚴、權利、價值的維護與實現的理解,促進人與自然、社會的和諧發展,促進人自由而全面的發展。This paper attempts to show that Laozi's thought covers a sense of bioethics and carries profound moral implications for contemporary society. His basic thought includes: Human existence and development must be based on the essential rule of nature (dao); a thorough understanding of dao can improve human adaptation; and human value and dignity must be realized based on natural and good social relations and interactions.In natural relations, Laozi thought that the dao of nature is also the rule of person; that is, natural rule should also be a person's behavior standards. Human existence and development must maintain a harmonious unification with nature. In personal relations, Laozi thought that one should treat other people generously and beneficially, helping others do well. At the same time, Laozi emphasized that one must control and restrict one's desires and passions. As he put it, "if you do not compete with anyone else, nobody will defeat you."Laozi’s thought has good ethical implications for today. First, along with fast economical development, humans should pay attention to the preservation of the natural environment. Society’s sustainable development depends on a harmonious human unification with nature. Second, government should have a responsibility to maintain harmonious relations among different classes and areas of human persons. Third, in medical activity, preventive medicine, rather than aggressive procedures, should be taken as the main medicine. Finally, seriously research into Laozi’s thought for the sake of bioethical studies can significantly deepen our understanding of humans, nature and development. DOWNLOAD HISTORY | This article has been downloaded 73 times in Digital Commons before migrating into this platform.
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郑, 晓亮. "学生贷金制的建立者." 教育研究 3, no. 7 (July 28, 2020). http://dx.doi.org/10.32629/er.v3i7.2976.

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金, 和妍. "延边地区朝鲜族中小学双语教育现存问题及解决对策." 教育研究 3, no. 2 (March 19, 2020). http://dx.doi.org/10.32629/er.v3i2.2449.

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我国少数民族朝鲜族主要居住在东北三省,一大部分朝鲜族主要聚居在有着“教育之乡”美称的延边朝鲜族自治州。中国朝鲜族之所以能成为众多民族中发展较快的民族,其得益于政府重视教育。但随着我国教育事业的快速发展,国家对义务制教育的要求越来越高,在汉族学校进行教育制改革的同时,少数民族教育也要随之改变,延边朝鲜族教育因此显露一些新的问题。据调查延边地区朝鲜族学校主要存在着以下几种问题:教师水平不高且培训力度不够、双语教师严重不足、学生汉语水平不高、学生生源流失严重等。对此研究提出的主要建议是:一、加强政府调控职能,在政策制度上给予民族双语教育支持,二、在地区政策上提高双语教师待遇,提请教育部在国内师范高校开设双语师范专业,三、将双语渗透进学生日常生活并与家长密切沟通,四、促进多媒体技术广泛应用,开展互联网教育,拓宽知识体系,提高民族双语运用能力。本文将以应用语言学、教育学作为理论依据,通过剖析延边地区朝鲜族中小学教育现存问题,并适当提出解决对策,希望能对延边中小学民族教育改革提供有力帮助。
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王, 涛., 璐璐 龚, and 晓宇 金. "基于高校资助体系下感恩教育现状与对策研究." 教育研究 2, no. 12 (December 12, 2019). http://dx.doi.org/10.32629/er.v2i12.2228.

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我国自进入新时代以来,一直将扶贫工作作为我国工作的重点,而教育扶贫是整个扶贫的关键和重点内容。在教育扶贫工作中,应追求精准化资助,为教育质量的提升提供有利保障。近年来我国资助体系和政策日趋完善,大量的受助学生享受到国家政策,顺利完成学业任务。但是总体来看我国资助体系还存在着部分问题,如贫困生感恩意识淡薄等,严重影响了扶贫效果。对此各大高校应引起高度的重视,加大资助的教育宣传力度、注重提高贫困生的思想道德素质,培养贫困生的感恩情怀,使其珍惜来之不易的资助机会,激励其锐意进取,回报社会,提高其社会责任感,充分发挥资助对贫困生的教育和激励作用,体现教育的价值。基于此,本文从学生的思想、心理、德育、实践以及感恩教育机制等五个方面提出可行对策。
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"信访机制的异化与基层治理的转型——从武汉山乡个案展开." Rural China 13, no. 1 (May 13, 2016): 1–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/22136746-01301001.

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The so-called alienation of the time-honored “letters and visits” (xinfang) system is best seen in the case of land requisition and resident relocation in Shanxiang of Wuhan municipality, in which the appeal process of letter-writing and government office visit itself underwent a transition from consultation through rights defense to finally profiteering. Behind this alienation is the introduction of a new model of governance that centered on the utilization of local resources and its substitution for the traditional model that relied primarily on persuasion, education, and mediation and also turned to compulsion and punishment as supplementary measures; the latter, however, has lost its ground under the condition of a market economy and the self-interested orientation of local governments. As a result, local authorities opted for either the direct management of letters and visits by taking advantage of the greatly increased resources at their disposal or the indirect management by reallocating the resources and thereby mobilizing relevant social segments for that end. This article questions the legitimacy of the resource-intensive approach and instead proposes a new solution on the principle of legitimate interests, which aims to safeguard the rightful interests of both local residents and the grassroots government, and which had to be materialized by grassroots governments through their budgetary regulations.在武汉山乡的征地拆迁个案中,上访人经历了从协商型上访、维权型上访到谋利型上访的尴尬过程,这意味着信访机制的异化。从基层信访治理实践来看,资源媒介型治理模式是信访机制异化的根本原因。在资源总量大幅增加的条件下,基层政府通过利益诱导来对上访进行直接治理,或者通过资源配置来调动社会力量参与,从而实现对上访的间接治理。资源媒介型治理模式是思想教育型治理模式的替代。市场经济条件和基层政府的自利性,使得以说服、教育、调解为主,强制、惩罚为辅的思想教育型治理正在丧失正当性。资源媒介型治理不是权力的合法运用,因此信访治理转型任重道远。需要确立正当利益原则,对民众和基层政府的利益诉求以正当利益为标准,并通过财政预算制度来确保基层政府遵守正当利益原则。 (This article is in Chinese.)
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28

Onu, S. E. "尼日利亚阿比亚州山羊养殖农民使用改进生产技术的评估." 世界农业经济研究 2, no. 2 (May 27, 2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.36956/rwae.v2i2.371.

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该研究为尼日利亚阿比亚州(Abia State)农村农民使用改进山羊生产技术提供了经验证据。研究的具体目标是描述受访者的社会经济特征,确定改进山羊生产技术的使用范围,确定影响改进山羊生产技术使用的因素,并确定在研究区域获得和使用改进山羊生产技术的限制因素。采用多阶段随机抽样技术对120名受访者进行抽样。通过使用问卷收集研究数据,采用描述性和推断性统计分析为研究收集的数据。社会经济特征结果显示,受访者的平均年龄为43岁,大多数(69.16%)已婚,大约45%有中等教育,平均家庭规模的6人,多数(66.67%)为农民,平均武装经验为5.7年,平均月收入 102,000,平均农场规模为11只山羊,大多数(78.33%)为非合作社成员。改进山羊生产技术使用程度的结果表明,受访者高度使用了大多数改进山羊生产技术,总体平均值=3.20。关于使用改进的山羊生产技术的限制因素,所有受访者(100%)同意缺乏信贷会限制使用,100%同意缺乏技术信息来源的可信度,99.2%同意他们害怕承担风险,93.3%同意技术应用的困难等。OLS回归估计了受访者的社会经济特征对研究区域使用改进山羊生产技术的影响,结果表明,10%的年龄、1%的教育程度、1%的家庭规模、1%的耕作经验、1%的农场规模、1%的收入和5%的信贷获得是研究区域使用改进山羊生产技术的决定因素,并且否定了无效假设。总之,更多地使用现有的改进技术将提高生产力,因此需要有关机构适当地宣传和提高认识。研究建议,相关政府和非政府机构应向农民提供信贷,以提高现有改进技术的使用水平。
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29

"医療関連死原因究明と医療安全の新たな展開 : 再教育を主とする行政指導制度." Journal of JCS Cardiologists 21, no. 1 (March 25, 2013): 1–2. http://dx.doi.org/10.1253/jjcsc.21.1_1.

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30

梁, 宏斌, and 晓蕾 宋. "基于微信的高校思想政治教育创新机制研究." 教育研究 2, no. 12 (December 12, 2019). http://dx.doi.org/10.32629/er.v2i12.2262.

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