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1

FUKUNAGA, Osamu. "機能性ニューダイヤモンド—総論". Electrochemistry 67, № 4 (1999): 381–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.5796/electrochemistry.67.381.

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HIROSE, Yoichi. "機能性ニューダイヤモンドの合成". Electrochemistry 67, № 4 (1999): 385–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.5796/electrochemistry.67.385.

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3

KAWAKMI, Hiroyoshi. "機能性ナノファイバーの作製". Sen'i Kikai Gakkaishi (Journal of the Textile Machinery Society of Japan) 62, № 4 (2009): 227–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.4188/transjtmsj.62.227.

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MAEDA-YAMAMOTO, Mari. "機能性弁当のヒト介入試験による機能性評価と機能性農産物開発の課題". KAGAKU TO SEIBUTSU 55, № 10 (2017): 706–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1271/kagakutoseibutsu.55.706.

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AWAGA, Kunio. "単分子磁性体の物性と機能". Electrochemistry 71, № 3 (2003): 188–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.5796/electrochemistry.71.188.

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Hirano, Atsushi, та Kentaro Shiraki. "生体機能性カーボンナノ粒子の創成". Hosokawa Powder Technology Foundation ANNUAL REPORT 16 (2008): 114–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.14356/hptf.07509.

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7

OHASHI, Kazuhiro. "我が社のユニフォーム用機能性素材". Sen'i Kikai Gakkaishi (Journal of the Textile Machinery Society of Japan) 61, № 10 (2008): 669–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.4188/transjtmsj.61.669.

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YOKOTA, Hiroshi, Tetsunori KUNITAKE та Takayuki OKABE. "未利用羊毛屑シートの機能性". Sen'i Kikai Gakkaishi (Journal of the Textile Machinery Society of Japan) 61, № 3 (2008): 195–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.4188/transjtmsj.61.195.

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SHOJI, Toshihiko. "リンゴ由来プロシアニジン類の機能評価と機能性表示食品の開発". KAGAKU TO SEIBUTSU 55, № 9 (2017): 631–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1271/kagakutoseibutsu.55.631.

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Ito, Hiroshi. "高性能・高機能繊維加工技術(B-205 ~ B-215)". Seikei-Kakou 19, № 1 (2007): 14–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.4325/seikeikakou.19.14_2.

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HAN, Dan. "理解認同危機的另一種可能性". International Journal of Chinese & Comparative Philosophy of Medicine 12, № 2 (2014): 131–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.24112/ijccpm.121576.

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LANGUAGE NOTE | Document text in Chinese; abstract in English only.As modern bioethical consumers, we are responsible for developing positive solutions to the discipline’s identity crisis. In many cases, “four-principles” bioethics offers a guide for cross-cultural debate. Optimism is crucial for distinguishing specific moral rules and ultimate moral principles. The observations on which Professor Solomon’s theory is based do not demonstrate that the basic ethical principles of bioethics are culture-bound, merely that specific ethical rules are culture-bound.DOWNLOAD HISTORY | This article has been downloaded 87 times in Digital Commons before migrating into this platform.
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12

NOTSU, Hideo, Ichizo YAGI та Akira FUJISHIMA. "機能性ダイヤモンド薄膜の電気化学的応用". Electrochemistry 67, № 4 (1999): 389–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.5796/electrochemistry.67.389.

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13

YANAGISAWA, Takashi. "大麦食品を用いた機能性の検証". KAGAKU TO SEIBUTSU 55, № 7 (2017): 496–500. http://dx.doi.org/10.1271/kagakutoseibutsu.55.496.

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14

Anggawana, I. Wayan Riku, Ni Nengah Suartini, and Kadek Eva Krishna Adnyani. "ANALISIS PEMBENTUKAN KATA DAN FUNGSI FUKUGODOUSHI VERBA~DASU PADA KALIMAT BAHASA JEPANG." Jurnal Pendidikan Bahasa Jepang Undiksha 5, no. 1 (2019): 55. http://dx.doi.org/10.23887/jpbj.v5i1.16872.

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Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis pembentukan dan fungsi fukugodoushi verba ~dasu pada kalimat bahasa Jepang. Objek penelitian ini adalah koran Jepang yaitu Yomiuri Shinbun. Dikumpulkan dengan metode membaca, dan mencatat, kemudian dianalisis dengan menggunakan metode deskriptif kualitatif. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa keseluruhan data fukugodoshi verba ~dasu terbentuk dari (V1+V2). Pada penelitian ini juga ditemukannya 2 fungsi fukugodoushi verba ~dasu yakni fungsi sebagai pergerakan suatu benda, fungsi sebagai dimulainya suatu kegiatan. * Kata Kunci : pembentukan dan fungsi, fukugodoushi, verba dasu 本研究の目的は、複合動詞~だすの形成と言葉の機能を研究して明らかにすることである。本研究の対象は、読売新聞でデータを収集してある。研究では、記述的定性的によって分析してある。データの収集は新聞を読んで見つかったデータを書くことである。研究の結果は複合動詞~だすのほとんどの形成は(V1+V2)である。複合動詞~だすの「だす」には2つ機能を持っている、それは「移動」と「開始」である。keyword : 成形と機能、複合動詞~「だす」。
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15

YOSHIHARA, Sachio. "機能性電気めっきとその応用展開". Electrochemistry 70, № 10 (2002): 806–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.5796/electrochemistry.70.806.

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16

SHOHATA, Nobuaki. "機能性ニューダイヤモンドの光伝導スイッチ素子への応用". Electrochemistry 67, № 4 (1999): 395–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.5796/electrochemistry.67.395.

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17

KAWAGUCHI, Michiko. "消費者にわかりやすい機能性表示". Sen'i Kikai Gakkaishi (Journal of the Textile Machinery Society of Japan) 60, № 7 (2007): 385–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.4188/transjtmsj.60.385.

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18

Lu, Jinfeng, та Fumio Saito. "メカノケミカル法による機能性材料の合成とその特性評価". Hosokawa Powder Technology Foundation ANNUAL REPORT 13 (2005): 133. http://dx.doi.org/10.14356/hptf.03505.

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長谷川, 洋敬, Cody L. Nesvick, Jamie J. Van Gompel та ін. "機能性FSH産生性下垂体腺腫の特徴と治療成績". Folia Endocrinologica Japonica 97, S.HPT (2021): 92–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1507/endocrine.97.s.hpt_92.

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20

Inoue, Kimio. "新しい混練機構(VCMT)による 2 軸押出機の性能向上". Seikei-Kakou 16, № 8 (2004): 510–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.4325/seikeikakou.16.510.

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21

TAN, Steven Kwang San, and Steven WRIGHT. "Authentic Assessment to Enhance Student Learning in Primary School Physical Education." Asian Journal of Physical Education & Recreation 10, no. 2 (2004): 36–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.24112/ajper.101297.

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LANGUAGE NOTE | Document text in English; abstract also in Chinese.There has been an effort to introduce the notion of authentic assessment to physical education teachers as part of the current reform movement within physical education. However, the marginalized status of physical education has not helped the move towards authentic assessment modes that authenticate both students' learning and achievement. Traditional assessment practices, when used in Singapore primary schools, are limited predominantly to measuring students' attributes such as physical fitness and sport and movement competency, and much less their cognitive and affective abilities. The problems of traditional assessment modes across different learning domains are discussed in this paper. A variety of authentic assessment options available to physical education teachers are also highlighted, together with some concerns and challenges with the implementation of these strategies effectively.向體育敎師介紹真實性評價的理念已成為體育學科目前正在進行的改革運動中的一項內容。然而,體育課的副課性阻礙了體育課向真實性評價模式的靠攏。新加坡小學一貫採用的傳統評估模式大多局限於測量學生的身體機能,例如體能和運動能力,而很少測量學生的認知和情感能力。本文對傳統評價模式在不同學習領域中存在的問題進行了討論。在著重介紹各種適用於體育敎學的真實性評價方法的同時,本文也提出了有效實施這些方法可能面臨的問題和挑戰。
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22

Cook, Melodie. "The multipurpose entrance examination: Beliefs of expatriate ELT faculty." Language Teacher 37, no. 1 (2013): 9. http://dx.doi.org/10.37546/jalttlt37.1-2.

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Entrance examinations for Japanese universities have come under fire from various sources for having a negative influence on communicative language teaching (Cook, 2010; Sakui, 2004; Sato & Kleinsasser, 2004), for being less valid and reliable than they could be (Brown, 2000; Leonard, 1998; Murphey, 2004), and for largely not having been written by experts (Aspinall, 2005). While these criticisms may be valid to some extent, it is important to realize that university entrance exams may only marginally serve pedagogical purposes; their economic, social, and public relations functions may, in some cases, even outweigh educationally-related concerns. This paper presents some initial findings from an exploratory Japan-wide study of tertiary-level, expatriate English teachers’ perceptions of entrance examination creation (specifically with regard to the English portion) and results reveal that these tests may be fulfilling more functions than we might at first expect. 日本の大学入試は、「コミュニカティブ・ランゲージ・ティーチングに負の影響を持つ」(Cook, 2010; Sakui, 2004; Sato & Kleinsasser, 2004)、「妥当性・信頼性に欠ける」(Brown, 2000; Leonard, 1998; Murphey, 2004)、「概して専門家によって作成されていない」(Aspinall, 2005)、など、様々な研究から批判を浴びてきた。これらの批判はある程度妥当かもしれないが、大学入学試験における教育的な目的の役割はごくわずかに過ぎないと認識することが重要である。入試の経済的・社会的・広報的機能が、場合によっては、教育関連の関心を上回ることさえある。本論では、日本全国の高等教育機関に従事する外国人英語教師の入試問題作成(特に英語の試験)への認識に関する探索的研究から得られた初期の調査結果を提示し、その結果、入試が当初の予想以上に多くの機能を果たす可能性があることを明らかにする。
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23

Ito, Katsuya, та Chisato Nonomura. "機能性フィルムの構造制御と製膜加工技術". Seikei-Kakou 16, № 12 (2004): 754–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.4325/seikeikakou.16.754.

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24

UYAMA, Hiroshi. "電界紡糸による機能性不織布の開発". Sen'i Kikai Gakkaishi (Journal of the Textile Machinery Society of Japan) 61, № 7 (2008): 481–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.4188/transjtmsj.61.481.

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25

ESAKA, Takao. "中性子ラジオグラフィーを用いた機能性材料中の元素分布のイメージング". Electrochemistry 73, № 1 (2005): 77–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.5796/electrochemistry.73.77.

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26

Falout, Joseph. "Prospecting possible EFL selves." Language Teacher 37, no. 5 (2013): 45. http://dx.doi.org/10.37546/jalttlt37.5-12.

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Many recent investigations in second language (L2) motivation are based on possible selves theory and the related L2 motivational self system. Classroom applications of these theories imply encouraging students of English as a foreign language (EFL) to envision themselves using English in the future. Imagining how one might feel in a future situation is known as prospection, as opposed to directing thinking toward the past in retrospection. Following research from experimental social psychology, this paper first describes some of the brain’s functions behind prospecting. Then it identifies four potential weaknesses of prospecting that may negatively influence motivation and learning related to the use of possible selves pedagogies. Implications are considered for avoiding these pitfalls in order to promote effective teaching methods based on possible selves theory by encouraging students to look deeply, honestly, and meaningfully into their future using English. 近年の第2言語(L2)学習の動機づけの研究の多くが、「可能自己理論(possible selves theory)」及びそれに関連する「L2動機づけ自己システム(L2 motivational self system)」に基づいている。これらの理論を教育現場で適用すると、外国語としての英語を学ぶ学生に、自身が将来英語を使用しているところを想像するように促すことになる。自分が未来のある状況でどのように感じるかを想像するのは「予測(prospection)」という言葉で知られており、これは「回顧(retrospection)」と対を成す概念である。本論はまず実験社会心理学の研究を概観し、続いて「予測」の背後にある脳の働きの解明を試みる。さらに「予測」の潜在的な4つの弱点を明らかにするが、これらは教育における可能自己の使用に関連する動機づけや学習にマイナスの影響を及ぼす可能性があるものである。学生が将来の英語使用に向けて深く、真摯で、意味深い眼差しを向けるように促すことによって、可能自己に基づいた効果的な指導法を促進するために、このような危険性を回避する可能性を考察する。
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Manuartawan, I. Kadek Agus, Gede Satya Hermawan, and I. Wayan Sadyana. "TINDAK TUTUR KOMISIF DALAM DORAMA KAZOKU GAME." Jurnal Pendidikan Bahasa Jepang Undiksha 5, no. 3 (2019): 315. http://dx.doi.org/10.23887/jpbj.v5i3.21426.

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Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui jenis dan fungsi tindak tutur komisif dalam dorama Kazoku Game. Objek yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah drama Jepang yang berjudul Kazoku Game. Penelitian ini merupakan deskriptif kualitatif dengan instrumen utama menggunakan kartu data. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode simak dengan teknik lanjutan yaitu teknik catat. Dalam menganalisis menggunakan analisis pragmatik untuk mengkaji penggunaan jenis dan fungsi tindak tutur komisif. Teori yang digunakan yaitu teori tindak tutur menurut Searle (1979) sedangkan jenis tindak tutur menggunakan teori Yule (2006). Hasil dari penelitian ditemukan 22 data yang menggunakan tindak tutur komisif. Tindak tutur komisif yang diucapkan secara langsung dan secara tidak langsung. Terdapat 20 data jenis tindak tutur komisif secara langsung dan 2 data jenis tindak tutur komisif secara tidak langsung. Terdapat 4 fungsi tindak tutur komisif yang ditemukan yaitu tindak tutur mengancam, berjanji, menolak dan menawarkan. Kata Kunci : Kata kunci: tindak tutur, tindak kutur komisif dan kazoku gemu 本研究の目的は話者拘束行為の機能と種類を明らかにする事である。本研究の対象は「家族ゲーム」というドラマである。研究法は定性的記述法でデータカードを主役として使用することである。資料収集法は観察、および文献である。語用論を使用し発話行為の機能と種類 を分析した。使用された種類の理論Searle (1979)の話者拘束行為である、又は使用された機能の理論はYule (2006)である。本研究の結果は話者拘束行為は22個使用しているデータがある、又は21個この直接データ、及び 1個の間接データがある。4つの話者拘束行為の機能があり、その発話行為は強迫、否定、約束、提供である。keyword : キーヲード: 発話行為、話者拘束行為、家族ゲム
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WANG, Hsiu Hua. "Participant Motivation of Physical Activity in Leisure Time for Women." Asian Journal of Physical Education & Recreation 9, no. 1 (2003): 50–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.24112/ajper.91278.

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LANGUAGE NOTE | Document text in English; abstract also in Chinese.The purpose of this paper was to explore the participant motivation of physical activity in leisure time for women. From the review of literatures on physical activity for women, it was ascertained that increased physical activity was highly associated with improved physical health and mental health. However, some researchers concluded some facts about women's participation in physical activity; (1) most adult women either don't do the recommended amount of physical activity or are completely inactive; (2) women are more inactive than men. Furthermore, recognizing and referring to the female participants' motivation of physical activity in leisure time, physical activity intervention programs would be designed more effectively and implemented more successfully.本文主要的目的是探討女性於閒暇時參與身體活動之動機。從相關文獻研究指出其主要身體活動參與動機因素如下:(1)人與人之間的轉向和調節 (2)個人能力 (3)逃離日常生活規範 (4)人與人之間正向發展 (5)轉移注意力 (6)人與人之間能力 (7)尋找異性朋友 (8)追求快樂感 (9)追求刺激 (10)追求冒險 (11)健康及幸福安寧感 (12)入迷 (13)社會互動 (14)創造力 (15)自我實現。
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GUNDERSON, Martin, та David J. MAYO. "利他主義和醫生協助死亡". International Journal of Chinese & Comparative Philosophy of Medicine 1, № 1 (1998): 121–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.24112/ijccpm.11327.

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LANGUAGE NOTE | Document text in Chinese我們假定一項允許醫生協助死亡的法律獲得通過。我們指出,使這項法律獲得通過的基本理由在於對個人自主性的尊重、避免遭受痛苦以及尊嚴地死去的可能性。我們還將探討一旦法律通過將引發的兩個道德問題。首先,我們論證通過協助死亡法律的基本理由可以為協助出於利他主義理由動機和出於自我利益理由動機的病人死去辯護;其次,我們論證通過醫生協助死亡法律的理由可以為將該法律擴展到既包括臨終病人又包括非臨終病人辯護。DOWNLOAD HISTORY | This article has been downloaded 75 times in Digital Commons before migrating into this platform.
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劉宗德, 劉宗德, та 戴凡芹 戴凡芹. "金融創新與監理革新──以街口投信裁罰案為反思". 月旦法學雜誌 316, № 316 (2021): 6–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.53106/1025593131601.

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金融科技時代來臨後,給予非金融機構得以進入金融服務市場之空間。金融科技當欠缺細部之監理規則時,明顯存在著不確定性及適用上之灰色地帶。此時若有不肖業者打著金融科技之旗幟,以金融創新之名行監理套利之實,傷害金融秩序,國家必須負起金融監理之責任。面對企圖透過多重架構來謀求套利可能、屢次規避法規且忽視公司治理之業者,金融主管機關的確應以審慎監理之視角,處以行政處分等金融監理手段以收管理之效;但從管制謙抑性之觀點,監理機關更應思考如何以公私協力、自主規制及軟法治理之行政法理思維,再塑經濟管制,與業者共同建構金融監理生態圈之合作治理體系。<br />
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Takada, Tomoko. "Learner Characteristics of Early Starters and Late Starters of English Language Learning: Anxiety, Motivation, and Aptitude." JALT Journal 25, no. 1 (2003): 5. http://dx.doi.org/10.37546/jaltjj25.1-1.

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Two groups of first-year Japanese students at a private junior high school (JHS) were compared in their foreign language (FL) anxiety, three constructs of motivation (interest in FL, instrumental motivation, need for achievement), and language learning aptitude. The first group experienced FLES (Foreign Language in Elementary School) and the second group had no FLES experience. The results revealed that the learners with no FLES experience felt a significantly stronger “need for achievement,” whereas the two groups did not differ in the other constructs of motivation and anxiety. These findings suggest that anxiety and motivation may be more strongly affected by factors other than the starting age of FL learning. Thus caution is called for, so as to not overestimate FLES as a motivation booster. Although no statistical difference was seen in aptitude, the learners without previous FLES experience showed somewhat higher inductive learning abilities than their FLES-experienced counterparts. This finding warns against including selection bias in comparative studies of FLES and non-FLES students at private JHSs in Japan. 私立中学1年の生徒を、小学校で英語を学んだグループ、学ばなかったグループに分け、両者の (a) 外国語学習への不安、(b) 動機(外国語への関心、道具的動機、達成の必要性)(c) 言語学習の適性、を比較した。その結果、未経験者が経験者よりも、達成の必要性を強く感じていることが明らかになった。動機のその他の下位区分および不安においては、優位差を認めなかった。この結果は、外国語学習への不安や動機が複雑な概念であり、学習開始年齢以外の要因をより強く受ける可能性を示唆する。小学校での英語教育が英語への興味や関心を育てるとして注目されているが、その効果を過度に期待することへの警告と解釈できる。言語学習の適性においても優位差は認めなかったが、記述的統計では未経験者が経験者よりもかなり高い帰納的学習能力を示した。これは、小学校での英語教育の効果を私立中学で調査する場合、選択の偏りに注意すべきことを示唆する。
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KOURA, Nobuyuki, Yasunobu SUZUKI та Futoshi MATSUMOTO. "イオン性液体からの金属電析と機能性めっきへの応用". Electrochemistry 70, № 3 (2002): 203–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.5796/electrochemistry.70.203.

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MAEDA, Hatsuo. "官能基活性化法としての有機電解反応". Electrochemistry 67, № 8 (1999): 862–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.5796/electrochemistry.67.862.

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Andari, Putu Devi Ayu, Gede Satya Hermawan, and Ni Nengah Suartini. "ANALISIS TINDAK TUTUR PERMINTAAN PADA DRAMA RICH MAN POOR WOMAN." Jurnal Pendidikan Bahasa Jepang Undiksha 4, no. 3 (2018): 260. http://dx.doi.org/10.23887/jpbj.v4i3.13327.

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Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan strategi tindak tutur yang diterapkan serta mengidentifikasi fungsi tuturan permintaan berdasarkan strategi yang diterapkan pada sebuah drama berjudul Rich Man Poor Woman. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian deskriptif kualitatif dengan subjek penelitian pada sebuah drama Jepang yang berjudul Rich Man Poor Woman. Teori yang digunakan untuk menganalisis adalah teori strategi tindak tutur permintaan dan teori fungsi permintaan oleh Trosborg (1995). Metode pengumpulan data yang digunakan adalah studi pustaka yang dilanjutkan dengan metode simak dengan teknik catat. Metode analisis data yang digunakan adalah metode padan pragmatis dengan teknik analisis data menurut Miles dan Huberman (1984). Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa strategi tindak tutur permintaan diterapkan dalam drama Rich Man Poor Woman menggunakan tujuh macam strategi yaitu isyarat, menanyakan kesediaan mitra tutur, menyarankan, menyampaikan keinginan penutur, menyampaikan kewajiban, performatif dan imperatif. Penerapan masing-masing strategi ini didasarkan pada perbedaan komponen tutur seperti peserta tutur, situasi formal atau non formal dan tujuan tuturan. Kemudian hasil penelitian kedua yaitu berdasarkan strategi tindak tutur permintaan yang diterapkan, terdapat tiga fungsi tuturan permintaan yaitu berfungsi sebagai tindak impositif, sebagai tindak FTA, dan sebagai tindak berbeda dari impositif. Selain tiga fungsi tersebut terdapat juga penggabungan fungsi permintaan yaitu sebagai tindak impositif sekaligus sebagai tindak FTA.Kata Kunci : tindak tutur permintaan, fungsi permintaan, strategi tindak tutur permintaan ドラマ『リッチマンプアウーマン』で使用される依頼表現の分析 要旨 本研究の目的は、ドラマ『リッチマンプアウーマン』による依頼表現の戦略し、依頼表現の戦略による依頼機能を特定したものである。対象は、日本語によるドラマであり、トロスボリ(1995)理論に基き定性的記述研究である。データの収集は、視聴により取り出した表現戦略をまとめ、マイル&ヒューバーマン(1984) による語用論を参考に分析した。結果、ドラマ『リッチマンプアウーマン』による依頼表現は、合図、聞き手に対する問いかけ、提案、話し手の要望的伝達、義務的伝達、遂行、命令の7種類の戦略が認められた。また、表現の戦略は、年齢、上下関係、話し手と聞き手の親密性、フォーマルとインフォーマルの場面、依頼の目的、に応じ使い分けられている。7種類の表現戦略における機能は、使役的表現、FTA(顔を脅かす行為)、使役とは異なる表現の3種類以外に、使役的表現とFTAが結び付いた機能でもあった。 keyword : 依頼表現、依頼機能、依頼表現の戦略
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HE, Zhaoxiong. "自殺的道德難題". International Journal of Chinese & Comparative Philosophy of Medicine 3, № 2 (2001): 51–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.24112/ijccpm.31398.

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LANGUAGE NOTE | Document text in Chinese; abstract also in English.自殺的神秘性,一定程度來源於道德難題。自殺的預防與控制有三個階段:自殺預防對策,自殺危機對策,自殺事後對策。三個階段都存在道德難題。在自殺預防階段是人本主義還是自由主義。宗教人本主義和哲學人本主義都有贊成和反對的。自由主義則贊成自殺。因此又衍生自殺預防的有效性問題。在自殺危機干預階段,是救生論還是聽死論。在事後對策階段是人道主義還是功利主義,是動機論還是效果論。判別自殺行為的道德性是一種二難推論。這種二難推理,實際上是一種道德悖論,它不能邏輯方法解決,要用價值分析方法解決。定量分析與定性分析相結合。風險/效益是首選法。People recognized suicide as a mystery. It originates in a certain degree from ethical dilemma which exists in three stages of suicide prevention and controlling: prevention, intervention and postvention. There are so many ethical dilemmas in each stage. It appears as the dilemma between humanism and liberalism in prevention stage. In crisis intervention stage, between life saving and death letting. In postvention stage, between humanism and utilitarianism, motivism and effectism. Differentiate the morality of suicide behavior depends upon manipulating the dilemmas. Since the dilemma is actually a paradox, so that it cannot be solved in logical analysis but value analysis combined with quantitative analysis and qualitative analysis.DOWNLOAD HISTORY | This article has been downloaded 127 times in Digital Commons before migrating into this platform.
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Tanaka, Hiroaki. "特性レベルの内発的動機づけを高める授業と有能性の欲求 - Motivational Intervention and Satisfying Learners’ Need for Competence". JALT Journal 36, № 1 (2014): 91. http://dx.doi.org/10.37546/jaltjj36.1-5.

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Referring to motivation as a unitary concept is insufficient to explain and fully understand its dynamics in the classroom because individual motivation exists at different levels of generality. A previous study (Tanaka, 2009b) addressed the multiplicity of ways to represent intrinsic motivation. Intrinsic motivation was represented within the individual at three hierarchical levels of generality: intrinsic trait motivation, intrinsic classroom motivation, and intrinsic motivation to classroom activities. For the study, a motivational strategy was created for Japanese university students on the basis of self-determination theory (Deci & Ryan, 2002). In this study was examined the facilitating effect on the three motivational subconstructs and the three basic psychological needs (i.e., the needs for competence, autonomy, and relatedness). The correlational relationships between intrinsic trait motivation and the three psychological needs were not examined. The results showed that the strategy did facilitate intrinsic classroom motivation and intrinsic motivation to classroom activities; intrinsic trait motivation was not significantly enhanced. The results also showed that the need for competence was not significantly increased as the study could not address the correlational relationship between competence and any of the three motivational subconstructs. Additionally, several motivational studies have shown that competence is an important facilitating factor for Japanese English learners, though the dynamics of competence in the motivational classroom have not been focused on so far. Therefore, in the present study was examined the effect of a revised version of the motivational strategy created by Tanaka (2009b) on these three motivational subconstructs and the basic psychological needs. The purposes of this study are as follows: (a) to satisfy learners’ basic psychological needs (especially the need for competence); (b) to enhance students’ intrinsic motivation (especially intrinsic trait motivation); (c) to examine the relationship between intrinsic motivation (especially intrinsic trait motivation) and basic psychological needs (especially the need for competence); and (d) to describe how the need for competence is satisfied in the motivational classroom. Fifty-eight university students who were enrolled in a 1st-year English language course participated in this study. The students met once a week in a 90-minute class. The motivational strategy used by Tanaka (2009b) was revised for this study. The motivational strategy was given to the students for 15 weeks. Prior to this intervention, questionnaires about intrinsic motivation and the three psychological needs were distributed. Items on intrinsic motivation consisted of three subconstructs: intrinsic trait motivation, intrinsic classroom motivation, and intrinsic motivation to classroom activities. Items on basic psychological needs consisted of three subconstructs: the needs for autonomy, competence, and relatedness. The same questionnaires were administered in the middle and at the end of the intervention. An open-ended questionnaire was also administered to students at the post-measurement stage. Descriptive statistics, correlation coefficients, one-way repeated ANOVA, and effect size were calculated to see the effect of the motivational strategy. The SCQRM M-GTA was also adopted to interpret qualitative data. The results of quantitative analysis showed that (a) the intervention had a significant positive effect on all subconstructs of intrinsic motivation and basic psychological needs; (b) intrinsic trait motivation and intrinsic classroom motivation were strongly correlated with the need for competence; (c) intrinsic motivation for listening activities was strongly correlated with the need for autonomy and competence; and (d) intrinsic motivation for speaking activities was strongly correlated with the need for autonomy and relatedness. The results of qualitative analysis showed how the need for competence was satisfied in the motivational classroom. Once students valued academic activities and internalized them, they made an effort to use what they had learned in class. The overall result of this study was that the motivational-strategy intervention facilitated language acquisition and student competence. 本論では先行研究で用いられた動機づけを高める方略の改良版を使って、3つのレベルの内発的動機づけを高める教育的介入を行った。特に本論では、先行研究では効果が十分に発揮されなかった特性レベルの動機づけの上昇と有能性の欲求の充足に焦点を当てた。また、内発的動機づけが高まる時の、学習者の英語授業に対する有能感を質的に把握した。日本人大学生58名に対して、15週間の教育的介入を行い、プレ測定、中間測定、ポスト測定の3時点で動機づけと3欲求の変動を検討した。その結果、改良版の方略によって、3つのレベルの内発的動機づけと3欲求のすべてを高められた。そこで3欲求と内発的動機づけの関連性の検討を行い、動機づけの上昇に貢献した要因を検証した。また自由記述データを「SCQRMを使ったM-GTA」によって分析し、動機づけが高まるときの有能感を把握することで、有能性の欲求が満たされるプロセスを探索した。その結果、学習内容の価値の内在化によって、学習者は学習事項を積極的に授業で使おうと努力し、それが学習事項の習得へとつながり、その結果、学習者は英語力の向上を自覚するという過程が示された。本論ではこれらの研究結果に基づく教育的示唆についても論じる。
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田中, 博晃. "3つのレベルの内発的動機づけを高める: 動機づけを高める方略の効果検証 - Enhancing Intrinsic Motivation in Three Levels: The Effects of the Motivational Strategy". JALT Journal 31, № 2 (2009): 227. http://dx.doi.org/10.37546/jaltjj31.2-4.

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Traditionally, motivation researchers have been more concerned about what motivation is rather than how to motivate students. Recently, research interests have shifted towards educational purposes and an increasing number of studies now propose motivational strategies. Motivational strategies refer to “methods and techniques to generate and maintain the learners’ motivation” (Dörnyei, 2001, p. 2). Using motivational strategies is generally believed to facilitate students’ motivation, but only a few studies have found empirical evidence to support this claim. For example, Hiromori (2006) used “creative writing activities with student self-monitoring techniques” as a motivational strategy and showed that the strategy had a significant positive effect on students’ motivation toward learning English. Tanaka and Hiromori (2007) proposed that “group presentation activities” are a useful motivational strategy. They successfully enhanced students’ intrinsic motivation during a 5-week intervention. However, the number of studies that examine the effect of motivational strategies in the actual English language classroom is limited. In this article, I would like to point out two drawbacks of the above studies. The first drawback is related to the definition of motivation. Most of the preceding studies on motivation define motivation as a trait attribute. However, many researchers segmentalize motivation into different levels (e.g. Crookes & Schmidt, 1991). Vallerand and Ratelle (2002) analyzed intrinsic motivation in three levels, namely situational level, contextual level, and global level. They recommend that motivation be considered not merely as a unitary concept, but as a complex concept. However, studies examining the effect of motivational strategies focus only on the trait and unitary aspects of motivation. Thus, there needs to be an examination of the effect of motivational strategies on motivation in different levels. In this article, three types of intrinsic motivation are addressed, namely intrinsic motivation to listening/speaking activities, intrinsic classroom motivation, and intrinsic trait motivation. The second drawback concerns research design. Much of the research that examines the effect of motivational strategies adopts a pre-post design. However, in order to capture motivational changes in more detail, adding more measurement times would be useful. In this article, intrinsic motivation was measured at three different times; that is, pre-measurement, mid-measurement, and post-measurement. Thus, this study aims to enhance students’ intrinsic motivation in three levels. I adopt Self-Determination Theory (SDT), a well-developed motivation theory in psychology, as the theoretical underpinning. This theory provides a useful framework for examining the effect of motivational strategy because it assumes the existence of three psychological needs (i.e., the need for autonomy, competence, and relatedness) as prerequisites for enhancing student motivation. The purposes of this study are as follows: (1) to enhance intrinsic motivation to engage in listening activities; (2) to enhance intrinsic motivation to engage in speaking activities; (3) to enhance intrinsic classroom motivation; and (4) to enhance intrinsic trait motivation. This study further explores facilitating factors of intrinsic motivation in the three levels. Thus, this article also aims (5) to examine which psychological need (the need for autonomy, competence or relatedness) plays the most significant role in students’ motivational development; and (6) to explore new facilitating factors of intrinsic motivation. Fifty-two university students who were enrolled in a first-year English language course participated in this study. The students met once a week in a 90-minute class. The intervention was given to them for fifteen weeks. Prior to the beginning of the intervention, students were given questionnaires about language learning motivation and the three psychological needs. The same questionnaires were administered in the middle and at the end of the intervention. An open-ended questionnaire was also administered to students at the post-measurement stage. The results of the quantitative analysis showed that: (1) the intervention had a significant positive effect on students’ intrinsic motivation to engage in listening/speaking activities and intrinsic classroom motivation; (2) the need for competence had a strong relationship with the development in students’ intrinsic motivation to engage in listening activities; (3) the need for competence and relatedness had a strong relationship with development in students’ intrinsic motivation to engage in speaking activities; (4) all three needs were related to the development in intrinsic classroom motivation. Further, the results of qualitative analysis indicated that (5) “usefulness” might be another facilitating factor of motivation. 本論は,3つのレベルの内発的動機づけを高める方略の効果検証を行い,各動機づけを高めた要因を探索することを目的とする。日本人大学生52名を対象に教育的介入を行い,プレ測定,中間測定,ポスト測定によって動機づけの変動を検討した。その結果,(1)教育的介入によって,授業活動レベルの動機づけと英語授業への動機づけが高まった,(2)リスニング活動への動機づけの上昇と関連が強かったのは,有能性の欲求であった,(3)スピーキング活動への動機づけの上昇と関連が強かったのは,有能性と関係性の欲求であった,(4)英語授業への動機づけの上昇と関連が強かったのは,3欲求のすべてであった。また方略の効果を質的研究の観点からも検証した結果,(5)授業活動レベルの動機づけの上昇と3欲求の関連性が裏付けられた,(6)「実用性の付与」が内発的動機づけを高める新たな要因である可能性が示された。
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SUGIURA, Minoru. "国産カンキツ類に多いβ-クリプトキサンチンと機能性食品の開発". KAGAKU TO SEIBUTSU 55, № 8 (2017): 566–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1271/kagakutoseibutsu.55.566.

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MATSUNO, Kosuke, Takahito TOKUYAMA, Akira OKUBO та Takashi TOKUYAMA. "各種機能性を有する米発酵エキスの研究開発". KAGAKU TO SEIBUTSU 57, № 2 (2019): 129–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1271/kagakutoseibutsu.57.129.

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臧正運, 臧正運. "監理科技發展的關鍵挑戰──以臺灣純網銀數位監理申報機制為例". 月旦法學雜誌 316, № 316 (2021): 36–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.53106/1025593131602.

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本文釐清監理科技的發展背景,除了外在環境變遷的因素外,並透過「監理資源論」以及「監理技術的關鍵作用論」的視角,分析催化監理科技發展的內在動力。本文認為,監理科技是金融生態演化的產物,也是監理機關為了強化監理而自然形成的發展取徑。本文主張「監理資源的精準投放」以及「監理技術多樣性的實現」乃是發展監理科技的主要目標,而在此目標追求過程中,監理機關會在「監理資源」、「監理文化」、「監理責任」及「監理效果」等四大構面遭遇挑戰。本文並以臺灣純網路銀行之數位監理申報機制為例,分析上述挑戰及可能的因應方案。<br />
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譚, 建元, 錦華 陳 та 麗清 梁. "男士服務發展: 方向與策略的再思". Hong Kong Journal of Social Work 46, № 01n02 (2012): 3–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219246212000034.

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近年越來越多人關注男士面對的困境與壓力,與此同時,社會服務機構亦逐漸發展男士服務。然而,香港社會服務界對於如何理解男士面對的困境及男士服務的取向等問題,一直都未有深入的討論。基於此,我們於2011年底舉辦了一場研討會,約有40多位從事男士服務的社工及從事有關研究的學術界人士參與,進行了深入的研討與交流。當中帶出有很多值得深思的討論。本文嘗試將這些討論整理,作爲香港推展男士服務的參考。 本文整理出11個重要的課題,這些課題大致上可歸納爲服務發展方向與服務技巧兩大範疇。研討會中提出其中一個重要討論,面對男士的問題不能只局限從個人的溝通技巧著手,而必須要理解爲傳統性別角色定型或是性別交往結構 (structure of gender practice) 所帶來的惡果。要解決這些問題,社會服務必須要從 ⌈性別爲本實務取向⌉ (gender-based approach/practice) 入手。目的不是要發展另一套理想 ⌈好男人⌉ 模範,而是鼓勵男士多元發展,在平等的性別關係基礎上,尋求工作、家庭、個人生活等各方面的平衡發展。社會服務機構在發展男士服務方面應更著重男士之間的差異與多元性,更應關注邊緣男性社群的需要。社工訓練機構及學院應加强性別覺知的培育,推展性別教育主流化。
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熊澤, 孝昭. "多肢選択式項目の項目形式が文法テストパフォーマンスに与える影響について - The Effects of Multiple-Choice Item Formats on Grammar Test Performance". JALT Journal 32, № 2 (2010): 169. http://dx.doi.org/10.37546/jaltjj32.2-3.

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Item formats are a facet of testing that influences examinees’ test performance. In this study, six types of item formats were adopted, and 55 multiple-choice grammar items were developed and administered to 608 first-year university students for placement and diagnostic purposes. The research questions were: to what extent do items function for placement and diagnostic purposes, to what extent do item formats differ in terms of difficulty, to what extent do item formats contribute to the total score variance, and to what extent is the grammar test reliable. Based on the item analyses, most items functioned for placement and diagnostic purposes. FACETS analysis revealed that the six item formats differed in terms of difficulty. The generalizability study showed that 3% of the variance components was due to the item formats. The decision study indicated that the generalizability coefficient and dependability index were satisfactory for placement and diagnostic purposes. Based on the results, implications are discussed. 項目形式はテストパフォーマンスに影響する一つの要因だといわれている。本研究では6種類の項目形式を用いて55項目の多肢選択式項目を文法テストとして作成し、608名の大学一年生にプレイスメントテストと診断テストとして実施した結果を報告する。研究目的は、項目の機能、項目形式の困難度、項目形式などの分散成分の割合、文法テストの信頼性の検証である。項目分析の結果、ほとんどの項目がプレイスメントと診断テストの項目として機能していたことがわかった。FACETS分析の結果、6種類の多肢選択式項目の形式はそれぞれ困難度が異なることがわかった。一般化可能性研究の結果、項目形式の違いによって生じた分散成分が若干あり、文法テストパフォーマンスに影響する要因であることも明らかとなった。決定研究の結果、一般化可能性係数は.81で、信頼度指数は.75であった。上述の結果を踏まえ、教育的示唆について論じた。
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李玉君, 李玉君. "專家說了算?行政機關的判斷餘地與司法審查──從臺灣士林地方法院107年度簡字第20號判決談起". 月旦法學雜誌 316, № 316 (2021): 187–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.53106/1025593131610.

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本案之爭點在於:健保署對被保險人「合理住院日數」所為之判斷是否合法?此一問題涉及何謂「合理、適當之醫療服務」不確定法律概念的解釋與適用。本案判決援引判斷餘地理論,認為「被保險人合理住院日數」之判斷職權,涉及高度之屬人性、專業性、經驗性之專業判斷,鑑於法官審查能力有限與權力分立原則,法院應尊重健保署基於專業醫師本於專業審查結果之判斷,駁回原告之訴。本文歸納學說與司法實務已發展出之判斷餘地類型與法院審查項目,從法律的適用步驟建立行政法院對行政機關適用不確定法律概念之思考路徑。據此,檢視後得出結論:本案判決因限於專家迷思,未能指出健保署之原處分有應考量之因素而未考量與判斷理由不備之違法情事。<br />
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44

Koizumi, Rie, and Akiyo Hirai. "Comparing the Story Retelling Speaking Test With Other Speaking Tests." JALT Journal 34, no. 1 (2012): 35. http://dx.doi.org/10.37546/jaltjj34.1-2.

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This study examines the validity of score-based interpretation of the Story Retelling Speaking Test (SRST) in comparison with the Versant(Pearson Education, Inc., 2008) and Standard Speaking Test (SST; ALC Press, Inc., 2010). In total, 64 participants took the three tests; their speaking functions, scores, and utterances were analyzed to probe the shared and varied aspects of the tests. The results showed that the SRST elicited more functions than the Versant but fewer than the SST, that it was moderately related to the latter two tests, and that it more successfully discriminated among a group of beginner and intermediate level learners. Additionally, the results suggested that (a) the tasks and speaking functions and (b) the aspects emphasized while ratingmay explain the differencesin the test scores for the three tests.Based on the results, comparative advantages of each test were summarized, which may be useful for selecting appropriate speaking tests according to assessment purposes and situations. 本研究では、Story Retelling Speaking Test (SRST) を、Versant (Pearson Education, Inc., 2008) と Standard Speaking Test (SST; ALC Press, Inc., 2010)と比較し、SRSTの得点に基づく解釈の妥当性を吟味する。64名の受験者が3つのテストを受けた。テストの共通点と相違点を調べるために、その言語機能と得点、発話が分析された。その結果、SRSTはVersantより多いがSSTよりは少ない言語機能を引き出すこと、SRSTは他の2つのテストと中程度の相関があり、初級者・中級者グループで弁別力を持つこと、(a)タスクと言語機能と(b)評価時に強調する要素の相違により、テスト得点の違いが説明されうることが分かった。結果に基づき、評価の目的と状況に沿って適切なスピーキングテストを選ぶ際に有益となる、各テストの相対的な利点を示した。
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45

楊岳平, 楊岳平. "論去中心化金融與智慧合約的金融監理──以去中心化借貸為中心". 月旦法學雜誌 316, № 316 (2021): 53–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.53106/1025593131603.

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去中心化金融是近年分散式帳本技術與智慧合約的最新金融應用發展,其於過去1年的快速成長亦顯示其確實具有發展潛力,但其創造的新型態金融服務關係亦對現行民事法律與金融監理帶來挑戰。本文以去中心化借貸為研究對象,介紹此新興金融科技模式發展出的虛擬通貨借款與貸款業務、治理代幣以及去中心化自治組織,釐清此種以智慧合約為核心創造出的新型態金融服務與商業組織的法律關係與定性,並且分析去中心化借貸可能涉及的銀行監理與證券監理問題,探討虛擬通貨借款業務是否構成吸收存款,以及治理代幣是否構成證券性質虛擬通貨,期盼除能釐清去中心化借貸涉及的法律議題之外,亦能藉此機會檢視相關的現行銀行法制與證券法制。<br />
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46

Karino, Takeshi. "医用・健康分野を支える機能性材料と成形加工". Seikei-Kakou 24, № 9 (2012): 503_1. http://dx.doi.org/10.4325/seikeikakou.24.503_1.

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47

ARAKI, Risa, та Koichi HASHIMOTO. "表面加工玄米のヒト介入試験による機能性評価". KAGAKU TO SEIBUTSU 55, № 5 (2017): 345–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1271/kagakutoseibutsu.55.345.

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48

NISHIHIRA, Jun, та Mie NISHIMURA. "ヒト介入試験によるそば,大豆,タマネギの機能性の検証". KAGAKU TO SEIBUTSU 55, № 6 (2017): 421–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1271/kagakutoseibutsu.55.421.

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49

"活躍する機能性膜 3.機能性膜の使い方". Denki Kagaku oyobi Kogyo Butsuri Kagaku 55, № 2 (1987): 106–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.5796/kogyobutsurikagaku.55.106.

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50

"性ホルモンと認知機能". Proceedings of the Annual Convention of the Japanese Psychological Association 70 (3 листопада 2006): 1AM081. http://dx.doi.org/10.4992/pacjpa.70.0_1am081.

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