Journal articles: '法律地位'

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文, 紫漠. "湘西地区法律援助现状探析." 经济学 3, no. 4 (August 31, 2020): 79. http://dx.doi.org/10.32629/ej.v3i4.520.

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王, 涛. "中职卫校学生法律意识与职业道德的融合与提升——以卫生法律法规为例." 教学方法创新与实践 4, no. 1 (February 23, 2021): 4. http://dx.doi.org/10.26549/jxffcxysj.v4i1.6372.

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法律意识和职业道德是每一位医务人员必须要树立的思维方式和道德观念，两者融合后养成的职业素质能影响医护人员的职业态度和行为，也是每一位医护人员能积极主动、健康向上的投身于医疗事业的原动力。中职卫校一直是中国医护人员的重要培养基地，所以中职卫校学生的法律意识与职业道德的融合与提升显得尤为重要。但是，在卫校基本课程中，尚未有相关课程把法律与道德相融合。论文以卫生法律法规教学为抓手，在提升学生法律意识的同时，把法律意识与职业道德相结合并进行提升，从而促进学生的全面发展。

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孙, 红娟. "浅谈如何完善公证法律服务体系." 教育科学发展 1, no. 2 (October 20, 2019): 79–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.36012/sde.v1i2.196.

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이선화. "中国法上隐名股东法律地位的研究." Chinese Law Review 20, no. ll (December 2013): 159–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.22415/clr.2013.20..007.

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刘, 军秀. "加强地勘单位合同管理，强化法律风险防范." 财经与管理 1, no. 6 (January 23, 2018): 535. http://dx.doi.org/10.26549/cjygl.v1i6.640.

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王, 月英. "《宪法学》实践教学过程与法律人才培养衔接研究." 教学方法创新与实践 3, no. 13 (November 25, 2020): 84. http://dx.doi.org/10.26549/jxffcxysj.v3i13.5795.

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“基于法学实践教学”的推广和“实践应用型”大学的转型，意味着教育理论与教育实践关系不再是脱节的前后关系，教学内容也有了“实践中之理论”“理论中之应用”的要求，以职业为导向的法律人才培养模式需要本科法学教学向实践教学进行改变。《宪法学》作为一个国家的根本大法，是基本法律制定的依据，是法学本科十四门核心课程之一，宪法必然脱离不了社会生活。在宪法学课程的教学中进行实践教学改革，通过对宪法学教学内容、方式、考核、机制评价等方面进行改革、探索，强化在法律人才培养中宪法学实践教学的根本大法的地位，提高法律人才的宪法意识，对中国宪法立法发展、人民宪法意识、国家依宪依法治国有着基础性的作用。

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李, 晓桦. "民办幼儿园教师流失的政策建议." 国际教育论坛 2, no. 7 (November 19, 2020): 187. http://dx.doi.org/10.32629/jief.v2i7.2025.

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推进幼儿教育事业发展是政府不可推卸的责任，主要表现为建立健全幼儿教师专业发展的政策法规保障体系。虽然我国现有的政策法规已经为教师专业发展提供了基本的制度保证，但具体到幼儿教育领域，仍存在诸多不健全、不完善的方面。尤其是保障民办园发展的相关政策法规还有待完善，需要积极制订并贯彻。只有明确民办幼儿园教师的法律地位，建立健全相关管理机制，加大政府投入，切实保护其合法权益，才能有效缓解民办幼儿园教师的流失现象。

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洪, 星. "初中物理教学科学方法教育的研究." 国际教育论坛 2, no. 7 (November 19, 2020): 132. http://dx.doi.org/10.32629/jief.v2i7.1963.

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科学方法教育在物理教育研究中始终是一个重要的课题，无论从当前课程改革的实践还是从提升民族整体素质的角度考虑，做好物理科学方法的教学工作，都具有鲜明而深远的时代意义。在高中物理课程改革中，科学方法教育已经被提高到与知识教育同等重要的地位。《普通普通高中物理课程标准（实验）》中指出，初中物理课程的性质之一是让学生“体验科学探究过程，了解科学研究方法”。在“课程具体目标”中要求学生“尝试应用科学探究的方法研究物理问题，验证物理规律。通过物理概念和规律的学习过程，了解物理学的研究方法。”这意味着在物理教学中必须重视科学方法教育。“与科学知识相比，科学方法具有更大的稳定性和更普遍的适用性。从这个意义上讲，学生掌握科学方法比掌握科学知识更重要。”

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张, 小军. "高中政治课堂教学有效性之研究." 国际教育论坛 2, no. 11 (November 19, 2020): 30. http://dx.doi.org/10.32629/jief.v2i11.2399.

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课堂教学的有效性是当前教学领域中经常议论的新兴话题，对于学生而言，高中政治课程具有极其重要的功能和地位，要想切实提升此课程的育人功能，高校及教师应注重其教学的有效性研究。高中政治课堂有一定的阶级性和政治性、实践性等特征。高中政治课堂教学中有效性的相关研究是政治教师以政治课程为标准，在政治教材基本内容中，设计教学计划和教学方案，在符合政治课程教学规律前提下，运用科学、合理地教学方法，进行课堂有效教学，达到政治课堂教学效率、质量与功能统一的目的。

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林秀雄, 林秀雄. "論繼承人可否撤銷遺贈──最高法院108年度台上字第48號判決評析." 月旦裁判時報 110, no. 110 (August 2021): 14–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.53106/207798362021080110002.

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本件被繼承人X有子女Z、A、B、C、D、E等六人，Z有子女甲、乙、丙、丁四人。被上訴人甲、乙主張：被繼承人X於民國（下同）104年9月17日死亡，兩造均為X之繼承人，X之長子Z於103年9月10日先於被繼承人X死亡，Z之子女被上訴人甲、乙及上訴人丙、丁依民法第1140條代位繼承，又被繼承人X之配偶Y亦於94年7月30日先於被繼承人Z死亡，故被繼承人X之遺產，依民法第1138、1140、1141條之規定，應由兩造繼承，並依民法第1151條規定公同共有。被繼承人X於94年2月19日委請律師完成代筆遺囑將所有之五筆土地（下稱「系爭土地」）贈與應有部分二分之一予被上訴人甲、乙，並由二人平均分配，其餘部分歸全體繼承人平分之；動產部分則全部由全體繼承人平均分配。而被上訴人雖因父親Z先於被繼承人X過世，變為兼具代位繼承人之身分，然遺囑中並未特別限制受遺贈人若兼為繼承人，受遺贈之比例應予調整，故按遺囑明示之比例予以分配，應屬妥適。

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陳銘聰, 陳銘聰. "中國大陸學生權益救濟法制之研究：北京大學撤銷于艷茹博士學位案例評析." 彰化師大教育學報 35, no. 35 (December 2020): 029–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.53106/181983092020120035002.

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近年來高校學生因學校對其違紀違規處理過當或者不能接受相應的處分結果，將母校告上法庭的案件時有發生。學生認為學校的處理結果嚴重的侵害到其受教育權或其他基本權利。這種現象一方面是高校學生的自我保護的法律意識不斷地提升，另一方面也反映出高校在處理學生違規行為時學生權利救濟程序存在著不合法之處。學位不僅僅是學術水準的象徵，而且是獲得相應的經濟地位和社會地位的前提條件。在高校作出學位撤銷的決定時，必須要同時兼顧實體公正和程序正當，既要達到維護學術價值和學術倫理，又要充分保護學生的合法權益。尤其是學位撤銷會給當事人帶來的負面影響是極其重大的，除了直接會影響到當事人名譽權、隱私權和工作權，乃至於當事人的人格尊嚴等。這種會造成當事人嚴重後果的行為，必須要完善救濟的途徑。目前因為學位撤銷而引起的糾紛已經納入到司法審查的範圍，不過，因為關係到高校的「學術自由」，法院對學位撤銷糾紛進行審理時，一般僅會審查高校在學位撤銷過程中是否遵循正當程序原則，至於實質性學術不端問題，法院一般不會進行審查。本文以北京大學撤銷于艷茹博士學位案為例，分析學位撤銷存在的爭點，企盼更全面認識中國大陸學生權益救濟法制。  In recent years, college students often take their alma mater to court because they have been punished or can not accept the corresponding punishment. Students think that the results of the school seriously infringe on their right to education or other basic rights. On the one hand, the legal consciousness of College Students’ self-protection is constantly improving, on the other hand, it also reflects the illegality of the student rights relief procedure in dealing with students’ violations. degree is not only a symbol of academic level, but also a prerequisite for obtaining corresponding economic and social status. When colleges and universities make the decision to cancel their degrees, they must take into account both substantive justice and procedural justice, not only to maintain academic value and academic ethics, but also to fully protect the legitimate rights and interests of students. In particular, the negative impact of degree revocation on the parties is extremely significant, in addition to directly affecting the party’s right to reputation, privacy and work, and even the party’s personal dignity. This kind of behavior will cause serious consequences of the parties, we must improve the way of relief. At present, the disputes caused by the revocation of degree have been included in the scope of judicial review. However, because it is related to the "academic freedom" of colleges and universities, when the court tries the dispute of revocation of degree, it generally only examines whether colleges and universities follow the principle of due process in the process of revocation of degree. As for the substantive academic misconduct, the court generally does not review it. Taking the case of the Yu Yanru’s doctorate degree from Peking University as an example, this paper analyzes the dispute points of degree withdrawal and hopes to have a better understanding of the legal system of student rights relief in Chinese mainland.

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高, 剑. "企业管理会计的信息化建设初探." 财经与管理 4, no. 12 (January 11, 2021): 36. http://dx.doi.org/10.26549/cjygl.v4i12.6322.

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随着信息时代的到来，传统以核算为核心的会计工作模式已经无法满足现代企业发展要求，管理会计信息化是时代发展的必然趋势，管理会计信息化正逐步成为企业在市场竞争中取得优势地位的重要抓手。如何充分发挥出管理会计信息化的优势，提升企业的财务管理水平。加强信息技术与会计相关工作的融合，已成为现代化企业发展的必然趋势，同时也是适应经济市场发展规律的体现，论文对企业管理会计信息化建设作了相关的研究分析，以期望能帮助企业走可持续发展的道路。

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BAI, Jie. "儒家如何看待脱離婚姻的生育行為——由單身女性「凍卵」問題引發的法律與倫理討論." International Journal of Chinese & Comparative Philosophy of Medicine 17, no. 1 (January 1, 2019): 29–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.24112/ijccpm.171663.

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LANGUAGE NOTE | Document text in Chinese; abstract also in English.近年來得益於女性地位的提升與名人效應，單身女性凍卵問題日趨成為社會輿論關注的焦點，由此也引發了法學界對單身女性生育權的討論。然而，單身女性凍卵不僅僅是一個法律議題，更是一個倫理問題。不僅法律和法規的制定和修訂中多有涉及對倫理的關照，凍卵的臨床實踐中也廣泛存在對倫理的考量。在結婚率和生育率持續走低當下社會，相當一部分單身女性選擇凍卵的動機是希望脱離婚姻而進行自主的生育行為。值得深思的是，東亞的儒教國家對輔助生殖的使用限制最為嚴格、政策最為保守。本文試圖通過分析儒家會如何看待脱離婚姻的生育行為，來探討儒學倫理對單身女性凍卵抱有怎麽樣的態度、能夠帶來怎麽的啟示。本文認為，儘管在法律維度上應該肯定單身女性擁有生育權，但在倫理層面上，脱離婚姻的生育行為應該極為審慎，因為其有違儒家倫理中對家庭秩序的看重，同時也讓“雙親撫育”難以得到實現。In recent years, thanks to the promotion of the status of women and the celebrity effect, the issue of the frozen eggs of single women has become a focus of public opinion, leading to discussion of the reproductive rights of single women in the legal arena. However, single women's frozen eggs are also an ethical issue. The laws and regulations not only involve ethics, but also ethical considerations in the clinical practice of frozen eggs. In today's society, in which the marriage rate and fertility rate continue to decline, many single women choose to freeze their eggs to distinguish between reproductive activities and marriage. It is worth thinking about the fact that Confucian East Asia has the strictest restrictions and most conservative policy on the use of assisted reproduction. This paper explores how Confucian ethics have a different position on single women’s frozen eggs by analyzing how Confucianism views fertility behaviors that are separated from marriage. It argues that although it is certain that a single woman has the right to give birth in the legal dimension, ethically, the procreative behavior of marriage should be taken with caution, as it violates the Confucian ethic of the family order by making parental care more difficult.DOWNLOAD HISTORY | This article has been downloaded 45 times in Digital Commons before migrating into this platform.

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陈, 龙娅. "The Discussion about the Legal Status of the Villagers in Open Village Affairs." Advances in Social Sciences 02, no. 03 (2013): 51–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.12677/ass.2013.23009.

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WANG, Jianguang. "技術生命的“道”“用”之思." International Journal of Chinese & Comparative Philosophy of Medicine 8, no. 1 (January 1, 2010): 11–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.24112/ijccpm.81483.

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LANGUAGE NOTE | Document text in Chinese; abstract also in English.隨著現代科學技術的發展，生命技術已經將人與技術的傳統物化關係和對象化的二元關係變成了一種“技術人”的關係。這種技術人一方面豐富了傳統的“人”的生物學屬性，另一方面也挑戰著人的社會角色和道德的主體屬性。生命的傳統價值內涵及其歷史主體性地位也因之受到弱化、虛化或被改寫。這不僅影響到人的生存方式，而且道德行為的虛幻化也侵蝕了人的責任和義務的道德基石，模糊了人的法律責任和道德自律性。在此基礎上，使人應當承擔的道義責任變成了一種可以進行技術性解讀的智識化命題。這種因技術而改寫的生命形象也挑戰著傳統的應用倫理原則。中國生命倫理學的建設，不應脫離中國歷史文化的語境和社會現實，並在此基礎上對現代生命技術和技術生命的倫理內涵進行創造性的解讀。它要反映中國文化在新的技術作用下對“人”的內涵進行的一種倫理模式的檢討。這種解讀也應當重視那種從當下的“百姓日用”的角度進行的道用之思。這種道用之思不僅要堅持道用一致、體用相即的原則，更是要植根於中國文化的人生觀、價值觀中，以體現出對現代技術與人的關係的倫理把握。在某種意義上，人類社會倫理的發展史就是不斷地否定和放棄一些舊道德而接受和適應新道德及其標準的過程。因此，中國生命倫理學的建構也就必須重視生命倫理內涵和標準的發展性。Biotechnology is a field of applied biology that involves the use of living organisms and bioprocesses in areas such as engineering, technology, and medicine. This paper discusses the relationship between the Dao (i.e., the essence) of biotechnology and the function of biotechnology. In describing the situation in China today with regard to the exploration and development of biotechnology, this paper explicates the necessity of paying attention to the ethical implications and moral principles of science and technology. It is the author’s contention that we must put “humanity” and “human flourishing” (i.e., the common good of the Dao) first before we talk about the utility of science and technology. As China tries to catch up with the world in biotechnological technology such as stem cell research, xenotransplantation, regenerative medicine, and the use of genetically modified organisms, we need to be careful not to overstep our ethical boundaries.DOWNLOAD HISTORY | This article has been downloaded 49 times in Digital Commons before migrating into this platform.

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ZHANG, Xianglong. "儒家會如何看待同性婚姻的合法化？." International Journal of Chinese & Comparative Philosophy of Medicine 16, no. 2 (January 1, 2018): 53–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.24112/ijccpm.161649.

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LANGUAGE NOTE | Document text in Chinese; abstract also in English.首先闡明儒家與基督教及古希臘文化各自對於同性戀的態度。儒家與基督教的嚴厲排斥和古希臘人的某種鼓勵皆不同，對同性戀持一種有保留的寬容態度，對於同性戀個人的評價更是以其道德行為為依據。為了理解儒耶在這個問題上分歧的深層原因，審視了西方的二元分叉和古代中國陰陽互補對生的不同思想方式。儒家因此將同性戀人群的產生歸為陰陽發生過程的可能產物，有其自然的原因，並不是一種罪惡。但是，也正是由於儒家信持這樣一個陰陽生發的結構，她不可能贊許同性婚姻的合法化，因為同性戀者的結合畢竟不是陰陽化生的原真形態，將它與異性婚姻在法律地位上等同看待會導致一些對於人類社群長久延續不利的後果。它們包括：這種合法化會從道理上打開通向群婚制的缺口；它還可能會傷害一些無辜者；它具有的某種示範效應可能會引導那些在性別取向上的徘徊者走上他們本來不一定要選擇的性道路。本文的第三部分第一節還依據中英原文，考訂了美國最高法院的甘迺迪法官所引用的孔子話語，說明它在表達形式上的不嚴格和內容上的大致可行。又闡述了此法官的基本思想與這段引文及其上下文所代表的儒家思路的衝突。First, the various attitudes towards homosexuality among Confucianism, Christianity and ancient Greek culture are considered. Distinguished from the Christian harsh repulsion and the Greek slight encouragement, Confucianism has been guardedly tolerant of homosexuality and judged homosexuals according to their personal moral behavior. To reveal the deep reasons for the distinction between Confucianism and Christianity on this issue, the paper examines the differences in thinking between the Western dichotomy and the Confucian genesis by the co-opposites of yin-yang. Confucianism explains homosexuality as one of the possible results of the yin-yang process. It is thereby a natural phenomenon, not an evil thing. However, it is due to this understanding that Confucianism cannot advocate the legalization of homosexual marriage, because a union between homosexuals does not belong to a true yin-yang means of combination and production. To treat it legitimately as being the same as a marriage between heterosexuals could lead to consequences that would be unfavorable to the longevity of human communities, which include, for instance, opening up the possibility of group marriage; hurting innocent people; and leading those who do not have a definite sexual tendency to make a homosexual decision. The third part of the paper refers to the Confucian saying cited by Anthony Kennedy, the Chief Justice of the Supreme Court of the USA, in his statement on the ruling on same-sex marriage, and shows that his citation was inaccurate, but its content was not far from the original meaning of Confucius’ saying. Further, the conflict between Kennedy’s basic thinking and the Confucian thought demonstrated in the citation and its context is exposed.DOWNLOAD HISTORY | This article has been downloaded 329 times in Digital Commons before migrating into this platform.

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WANG, Hao. "中國醫院經營面臨的主要問題及對策." International Journal of Chinese & Comparative Philosophy of Medicine 2, no. 1 (January 1, 1999): 121–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.24112/ijccpm.21363.

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LANGUAGE NOTE | Document text in Chinese; abstract also in English.即將到來的新世紀，使中國醫院經營面臨著許多新的問題和嚴峻挑戰。首先，醫學教育與知識經濟的發展很不適應。其次，醫院設備與社會需要很不適應。第三，醫院經營模式與市場運行很不適應。第四，醫療服務模式與人口結構變化很不適應。第五，醫務勞動補償模式與醫務勞動消耗很不適應。醫院經營面臨的上述問題是涉及國家與醫院兩個方面多層次的發展戰略與策略的問題，也是涉及全國各行各業和廣大人民切身利益的問題。解決問題的根本出路在於改革。首先，應真正解放思想和更新概念，擺正衛生事業在國民經濟和社會發展中的地位。第二，應改革醫學教育制度和內容，把醫學高科技教育作為學位教育和繼續教育的重點；同時搞好人事制度改革。第三，應積極地引進高新技術設備，努力提高醫院基本設施和診療儀器的現代化水平。第四，應盡快改革醫院經營體制，建立和完善新的經營模式與經營機制。為此，應着重搞好醫院布局和組織結構調整，以及醫療服務結構的調整；實行醫院的所有權與經營權分離，讓醫院法人組織和法定代表依法自主經營；按照市場經濟規律的要求，建立和完善醫院經營的動力機制、醫療技術機制、自我約束調控機制、法人領導機制。第五，應改革醫療衛生服務體制，建立適應人口結構和疾病譜變化的新的防治服務模式。為此，應擴大預防工作範圍和擴大保健人群範間，建立醫院、社區、家庭相結合的醫療衛生保健服務模式。At the threshold of a new millennium, China's hospitals face a series of problems in their management. This essay attempts to analyze these problems and explore appropriate solutions to them.First, the contemporary Chinese pattern of medical education is not suitable to the rapid growth of medical knowledge. Ever increasing new theories, methods, and technologies in diagnosis, therapeutics, and prognosis promote the quality of medical care tremendously. However, most health care professionals in China's hospitals are unable to follow up-to-date developments of medical information. Very few medical scientist s or physicians in China's medical care field are recognized as leading or authoritative in the world. The solution to this problem calls for an emphasis on and respect for the values of human resources in medicine, improvement of current medical education, and establishment of a mechanism for reeducating medical professionals.Second, the current pattern of hospital management is not suitable to the market. The manner of hospital management in China is the product of China's central-planning mode of economy. Each hospital belongs to a central or local government, or to a state-owned enterprise.It does not have power to make decisions about its own management. Neither does it care about cost-benefit balancing because hospital financing relics entirely on government revenue. However, new problems have occurred during Chin's transition to a free market economy from the centrally-planned economy since the 1980s. Though many enterprises have been allowed to manage themselves according to the circumstances of the market, hospitals have been emphasized as welfare providers that cannot be allowed to make money. The government continues to set strict low prices for medical services and, at the same time, does not provide sufficient financing to hospitals. As a result, hospitals have to make their ends meet by increasing unnecessary medication prescriptions and overusing high-technology diagnostic and therapeutic instruments. Overtreatment and waste in hospital care have generated universal complaints. Accordingly, serious reform must be made in the direction of appropriately adjusting the ownership of hospitals as well as changing the ways of hospital management so that they can adapt themselves to the need of the health care market.Finally, there are other serious problems involved in China's hospital management. These problems are multi-faceted. For instance, medical facilities and instruments have not been up-to--dated and cannot meet the needs of patients in medical care, the structure of hospital services does not suit the need of the ever-increasing numbers of senior citizens in China, etc. The only way to resolve these problems is reform. This requires ordinary Chinese citizens as well as Chinese leadership to free themselves from the restrictions of the previous centrally-planned economic theory and to seek a new health care model.DOWNLOAD HISTORY | This article has been downloaded 15 times in Digital Commons before migrating into this platform.

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阿列汗德罗·波特斯 and 周敏. "国际移民的跨国主义实践与移民祖籍国的发展：." 华人研究国际学报 03, no. 01 (June 2011): 1–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s1793724811000034.

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无论在经济学或社会学界，以往有关发展学(development studies)的研究大多注重跨国资本流动和投资行为等宏观经济因素，同时强调行政制度和结构对发展中国家经济的影响。过去有关国际移民的研究不仅将人口跨国移动这一现象归咎于国家经济落后的原因，也同时视之为国家不发达的结果。近年来，对于移民国际汇款的研究开始注重微观的理论视角，强调移民个体和家庭的能动性。然而，这种在研究视角上的转变，对于研究国际移民与祖籍国发展的关系显然是不足的，因为它并没有考虑到移民群体自身所产生的组织和结构方面的效应，也没有考虑到在移民社团组织与祖籍国政府之间日益增长的交流，以及由此产生的促进发展的合力。本文的目的旨在深入探讨这一论题，通过对美国墨西哥裔和华裔两大移民社团的比较研究，描述移民与祖籍国 — 墨西哥和中国 — 墨西哥和的地区及国家层面的密切互动以及由此带来的发展。通过研究，我们发现移民跨国社团组织的成立和发展并不会使在国外永久定居的同胞完全放弃他们跟祖籍国的联系。相反的，那些在接收国已经取得较高社会地位以及在经济和法律上都得到保障的移民，更倾向于参与跨国活动，而移民个人跨国实践往往通过社团的方式来体现。现今交通工具的发达和便利，使永久迁移型的国际移民定期往返祖籍国的可能性大大增加，不仅扩展了跨国场域，也有利于他们在跨国场域中的施展，使他们身在国外也能参与祖籍国家乡的经济和社会生活，并为祖籍国汇入有形和无形的宝贵资源。对国际移民与祖籍国发展的因果进程进行系统的分析，有助于提出研究移民跨国主义的中层理论架构。本文还讨论了此项研究在实践和决策方面的启示。

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XIONG, Bian, and Fen LIN. "如何平衡治理效率與隱私保護？中國和新加坡新冠病毒接觸者追蹤應用程式隱私政策的文本分析." International Journal of Chinese & Comparative Philosophy of Medicine 18, no. 1 (January 1, 2020): 113–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.24112/ijccpm.181691.

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LANGUAGE NOTE | Document text in Chinese; abstract also in English.新冠病毒疫情催生了以中國的“健康碼”和新加坡的“TraceTogether”為代表的接觸者追蹤應用程式在全球的應用和擴散。如何利用人工智慧科技，在資料治理中平衡效率與隱私倫理的闢係，成為使用數位追蹤工具進行疫情治理的國家共同面對的難題。兩國法律都規定，在收集個人資訊前必須向個人資訊主體明確告知所收集的個人資訊類型、使用個人資訊的規則，並獲得個人資訊主體的授權同意。本文通過對“健康碼”和“TraceTogether”隱私政策的對比分析發現，在應用上，中國健康碼的使用有效幫助防控疫情，但是收集的個人資訊範園廣、處理目的多、存儲時間不明確、隱私政策内容較含糊、知情同意流於形式。新加坡的“TraceTogether”則更好地遵守了資訊收集最少夠用、資訊處理目的限定、資訊存儲時間最小化、隱私政策公開透明、知情同意等原則。中國和新加坡兩種利用資料抗疫的糢式表明，風險社會裡的資料治理需要進一步調和公共利益與個人權利，平衡治理效率和資料倫理的邊界。The COVID-19 pandemic has spawned the spread of contact-tracing applications such as China's “Health Code” and Singapore’s “TraceTogether.” Balancing efficiency and privacy ethics in data governance has become a common problem faced by all countries using digital tracing tools to control the pandemic. The laws of both China and Singapore stipulate that prior to collecting personal information, organizations and institutions must clearly inform individuals about the types of personal information collected and the rules for the use of personal information, and must obtain authorized user consent. This article analyzes the privacy policies of Health Code in China and TraceTogether in Singapore and identifies five potential problems in Health Code’s privacy policies: the broad collection of personal information, multiple processing purposes, indeterminate storage time, ambiguous privacy policy content, and the ineffectiveness of informed consent, although Health Code has been deemed an efficient tool to fight against the pandemic. Singapore’s TraceTogether adheres to the principles of minimum information collection, limited information processing purposes, minimum duration of information storage, openness and transparency of privacy policies, and informed consent. These two models for using big data in the fight against the pandemic in China and Singapore suggest that data governance needs to reconcile public interests and individual rights, and should balance governance efficiency and data ethics.DOWNLOAD HISTORY | This article has been downloaded 69 times in Digital Commons before migrating into this platform.

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NAKATANI, Takeshi, Tamaki URA, Takashi SAKAMAKI, and Junichi Kojima. "1P1-A14 Real-time terrain based localization method : Observation of deep ocean floor using an AUV." Proceedings of JSME annual Conference on Robotics and Mechatronics (Robomec) 2009 (2009): _1P1—A14_1—_1P1—A14_4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmermd.2009._1p1-a14_1.

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NAKATANI, Takeshi, Tamaki URA, Yoshiaki NOSE, Takashi SAKAMAKI, Yuzuru ITO, Kenkichi TAMURA, and Hayato KONDO. "1P1-E34 Wreck Observation System for Autonomous Underwater Vehicle : Terrain Navigation for Underwater Vehicle." Proceedings of JSME annual Conference on Robotics and Mechatronics (Robomec) 2006 (2006): _1P1—E34_1—_1P1—E34_4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmermd.2006._1p1-e34_1.

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阎, 萍. "Mechanism and Legal Status of China Seafarer Dispatching Service Agencies—Also on Protecting Rights and Interests of Dispatched Seafarer." Dispute Settlement 01, no. 04 (2015): 39–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.12677/ds.2015.14009.

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FURUKAWA, Yosuke, Ryosuke IKEZAWA, Yusuke OSAKI, and Hiroshi AN. "2A1-O16 Autonomous running method for obtaining environment map information by using a wheeled mobile robot(Localization and Mapping)." Proceedings of JSME annual Conference on Robotics and Mechatronics (Robomec) 2011 (2011): _2A1—O16_1—_2A1—O16_2. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmermd.2011._2a1-o16_1.

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FURUKAWA, Yosuke, Ryosuke IKEZAWA, Yusuke OSAKI, and Hiroshi AN. "2A1-O15 A path-planning and an autonomous running method for a mobile robot by a bird's-eye measurement(Localization and Mapping)." Proceedings of JSME annual Conference on Robotics and Mechatronics (Robomec) 2011 (2011): _2A1—O15_1—_2A1—O15_2. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmermd.2011._2a1-o15_1.

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TAKEZAWA, Satoshi, Tauseef GULREZ, Damith C. HERATH, and Gamini DISSANAYAKE. "Environmental Recognition for Autonomous Robot using Simultaneous Localization and Map Building (SLAM) (Real Time Path Planning with Dynamical Localized Voronoi Division)." Transactions of the Japan Society of Mechanical Engineers Series C 71, no. 703 (2005): 904–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/kikaic.71.904.

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NISHIDA, Hideya, Yousuke FURUKAWA, Hiroshi AN, and Masatugu IRIBE. "2A1-K06 Autonomous running method for obtaining environment map information by using a wheeled mobile robot(Localization and Mapping(1))." Proceedings of JSME annual Conference on Robotics and Mechatronics (Robomec) 2012 (2012): _2A1—K06_1—_2A1—K06_2. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmermd.2012._2a1-k06_1.

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YAMAZAKI, Toshinori, Kiichiro ISHIKAWA, Yoshiharu AMANO, and Takumi HASHIZUME. "1P1-B10 A study of Autonomous Mobile System in Outdoor Environment : Part 57 Evaluation of a positioning correction method in GPS blockage conditions that using a landmark which is pre-surveyed by conventional method." Proceedings of JSME annual Conference on Robotics and Mechatronics (Robomec) 2010 (2010): _1P1—B10_1—_1P1—B10_3. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmermd.2010._1p1-b10_1.

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兰, 大贤. "生态保护发展区实现绿色发展的法治保障研究." 建筑发展 1, no. 1 (December 5, 2016). http://dx.doi.org/10.18686/bd.v1i1.32.

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缪, 巍. "浅谈环保法基本原则之公众参与原则." 节能环保 1, no. 2 (November 9, 2016). http://dx.doi.org/10.18686/ecec.v1i2.4121.

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随着经济的发展，我国水污染、大气污染等环境问题日益严重，对公众的正常生活造成了极大的影响，也对经济建设发展造成了一定的制约。公众参与原则是民主理念在环境管理和环境保护方面的体现和延伸，作为环境法的精髓和灵魂，公众参与原则是政府实施环保法律调控、执行环境公共政策的重要机制，在环境保护领域和环境法法律体系中的地位日益突显。本文对环保法基本原则之公众参与原则进行了探讨。

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薛, 丹., and 易. 张. "浅谈中职学校“四位一体”法制教育模式." 教育研究 2, no. 10 (October 31, 2019). http://dx.doi.org/10.32629/er.v2i10.2140.

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十八大以来,党中央高度重视依法制国,要求把法制教育纳入国民教育体系,中职学校的法制教育开展的质量好坏,不尽取决于学校开展法制教育的质量好坏,还取决于地方党委领导下,能否有效构建起政府、学校、家庭、社区“四位一体”法制教育模式。“四位一体”法制教育模式能够弥补学校法制教育的不足,通过整合各种资源、社区综合治理、开展丰富多彩的法制主题活动等途径形成法制教育合力,提高学生法律素质,从而提高法制教育工作的实效性。

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尹, 振东. "多管齐下，助推土增税清算提质增效." 经济学 1, no. 3 (November 30, 2018). http://dx.doi.org/10.32629/ej.v1i3.52.

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张, 作卿, and 建民张. "中学物理实验教学的价值及开展策略探究." 教育研究 3, no. 1 (January 31, 2020). http://dx.doi.org/10.32629/er.v3i1.2421.

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崔, 九月. "非公有制经济发展的问题及法律对策." 经济学 3, no. 3 (July 21, 2020). http://dx.doi.org/10.32629/ej.v3i3.440.

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洪, 华. "探析土地勘测定界中的3S测绘技术应用." 地矿测绘 2, no. 5 (October 31, 2019). http://dx.doi.org/10.32629/gmsm.v2i5.357.

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土地勘测定界是根据土地征收、征用、划拨、出让、农用地转用、土地利用规划及土地开发、整理、复垦等工作需要,实地界定土地使用范围、测定界址位置、调绘土地利用现状,计算用地面积,为国土资源行政主管部门用地审批和地籍管理等提供科学、准确的基础资料而进行的技术服务性工作,也是作为行政管理部门审批土地行为的法律依据。因此为了保障土地勘测定界的有效性,本文阐述了土地勘测定界工作的主要特征及其要点,对土地勘测定界工作的3S测绘技术应用进行了探讨分析,旨在提升土地勘测定界的准确性。

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谢, 宏. "职业教育校企合作法律制度体系的构建思考." 国际教育论坛 2, no. 2 (May 19, 2020). http://dx.doi.org/10.32629/jief.v2i2.637.

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在当前我国大力推动教育改革的背景下，职业教育院校身为我国社会人才的重要培养基地，需要结合当前社会岗位对人才的要求，有针对性的对自身进行改革，在此过程中，职业院校的校企合作问题受到了教育界的广泛关注，这一合作模式的有效性备受争议，究其根本原因在与职业教育在校企合作过程中，有关合作法律制度体系构建的有效性不够充分，针对这一问题，本文主要内容研究了当前我国职业教育校企合作法律制度体系的构建，希望能为我国职业教育的发展有所启示。

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赵, 宇航. "法律风险防控在企业经营过程中的作用与地位." 现代经济管理 1, no. 1 (January 15, 2020). http://dx.doi.org/10.33142/mfm.v1i1.1684.

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"婚姻、革命与法律—陕甘宁边区的离婚法实践." Rural China 10, no. 1 (2013): 101–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/22136746-12341239.

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Abstract Based on the judicial archive of the Shaan-Gan-Ning Border Region, this article examines the Border Region’s divorce law practice in the context of the Chinese Communist Revolution. Despite the withdrawal from the Soviet’s radical approach to divorce during the Yenan period, women were encouraged by various Revolution-introduced changes to exercise the right to divorce, and their failure or success in divorce litigation was closely associated with their respective positions or statuses as defined in connection with the Revolution. On the other side, male peasants, the major social force of the Revolution, experienced a downward movement in the marriage market, and their encounter with Gongjiaren in divorce litigation revealed the gap between the ideal of marriage as anticipated by the lawmakers and the marriage market in the reality. To a large extent, this tension contributed to the development of a mediation-focused judicial system, which would deeply influence the civil justice system of the People’s Republic of China. (This article is in Chinese.) 摘要本文利用陕甘宁边区的司法档案, 在中国共产党革命的背景下考察陕甘宁边区的离婚法实践。尽管边区的婚姻立法已从苏维埃时期完全支持离婚的激进立场撤退, 但革命带来的各种现实变化, 尤其是对个人身份的重塑, 仍然激励妇女积极地行使离婚的权利, 而她们在革命中所处的位置或身份对于她们在离婚诉讼中权利的实现有重大关联。作为革命主要社会力量的男性农民在婚姻市场上经历了下滑, 他们和公家人在离婚诉讼中的对抗清楚地显示了立法者预期的婚姻理想和现实的婚姻市场之间的紧张关系。对此法官们创造性地摸索出一套以调解为主要手段的司法技术, 对于中华人民共和国的民事法律制度有根本性的影响。

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王, 晓珊, and 化旭李. "增强党章意识：全面从严治党的内在要求." 教育研究 3, no. 3 (March 31, 2020). http://dx.doi.org/10.32629/er.v3i3.2573.

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"婚姻、革命与法律—陕甘宁边区的离婚法实践." Rural China 10, no. 2 (2013): 221–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/22136746-12341243.

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Abstract Based on the judicial archives of the Shaan-Gan-Ning Border Region, this article examines the Border Region’s divorce law practice in the context of the Chinese Communist revolution. Despite the retreat of the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) from its radical approach to divorce during the Yan’an period, women were encouraged by various changes introduced by the revolution to exercise the right to divorce, and their failure or success in divorce litigation was closely associated with their respective positions or statuses as defined in connection with the revolution. On the other side, male peasants, the major social force of the revolution, experienced a downward movement in the marriage market, and their encounter with gongjiaren in divorce litigation revealed the gap between the ideal of marriage as anticipated by lawmakers and the marriage market in reality. To a large extent, this tension contributed to the development of a mediation-focused judicial system, which would deeply influence the civil justice system of the People’s Republic of China. (This article is in English.) 摘要本文利用陕甘宁边区的司法档案，在中国共产党革命的背景下考察陕甘宁边区的离婚法实践。尽管边区的婚姻立法已从苏维埃时期完全支持离婚的激进立场撤退，但革命带来的各种现实变化，尤其是对个人身份的重塑，仍然激励妇女积极地行使离婚的权利，而她们在革命中所处的位置或身份对于她们在离婚诉讼中权利的实现有重大关联。另一方面，作为革命主要社会力量的男性农民在婚姻市场上经历了下滑，他们和公家人在离婚诉讼中的对抗清楚地显示了立法者预期的婚姻理想和现实的婚姻市场之间的紧张关系。对此法官们创造性地摸索出一套以调解为主要手段的司法技术，对于中华人民共和国的民事法律制度有根本性的影响。

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陶, 丽., and 瑶. 黄. "白鹤滩水电站极端降水特征分析." 水电水利 4, no. 6 (June 23, 2020). http://dx.doi.org/10.32629/hwr.v4i6.3059.

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为加强白鹤滩施工期气象服务保障,本文利用1960-2019年宁南、巧家以及区域站新田站2009-2019地面气象站降水日值数据,通过百分位阈值法等定义了白鹤滩水电站极端降水指数,得到白鹤滩极端降水阈值并分析了各指数的变化趋势以及分布规律。研究结果表明：宁南县的极端降水阈值、平均极端降水量、平均极端降水强度均为最大,是最容易发生强降水的地区；两县极端降水发生峰值期相同,多发生于6、7两月；近60年宁南和巧家两县极端降水量、极端降水日数和极端降水比率均呈上升趋势。

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晋霞, 李., and 刘. 云. "普通话叙事语篇中复句的凸显度." Global Chinese 2, no. 2 (January 1, 2016). http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/glochi-2016-0013.

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摘要从篇章语法入手分析复句, 是复句研究的一种思路。本文考察普通话叙事语篇中复句的功能与分布。叙事语篇是按时间顺序记叙过去事件的一种语篇类型。在叙事语篇内部组织规律与复句自身特点的双重制约下, 不同复句在叙事语篇中的地位也不相同。文章在普通话叙事语篇结构分析的基础上, 尝试性地得出了普通话叙事语篇中复句的凸显度等级：顺承 > 转折/递进 > 并列 > 目的/因果/条件/假设。该序列中, 越凸显的复句类型, 越有能力占据叙事主线, 反之则越与叙事主线相疏离。

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杨, 晓婉. "浅论环境保护中的环境监测与环境监察联动策略." 生态环境与保护 1, no. 3 (November 30, 2018). http://dx.doi.org/10.32629/eep.v1i3.47.

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2015年新环保法实施以来,明确规定了环境监察的重要法律地位。环境监测是分析和评价环境质量,掌握相应污染物与污染源的分布特征,评价和监督污染防治效果,明确环境污染物的种类和具体成分,分析和预测环境质量、污染和危害程度的重要途径,其可以为环境监察工作指导环境保护提供科学依据。为了充分环境监测与环境监察在环境保护中的作用,本文概述了环境监测与环境监察,阐述了环境保护中环境监测与环境监察联动的必要性及其主要职责与意义,对其联动策略进行了论述分析。

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伍, 珂珂. "浅谈工程造价对工程质量的影响." 城市建设理论研究—工程管理 1, no. 1 (March 23, 2016). http://dx.doi.org/10.18686/em.v1i1.358.

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在工程项目的建设过程中，工程质量和工程造价是其中的重中之重。随着我国建筑市场的迅速发展，各种建筑质量问题层出不穷， 这在一定程度上造成了工程质量和工程造价之间的矛盾更为突出。做好项目工程的造价管理工作能够从根本上保证项目工程的质量。工程的承建 单位应该利用各种建筑法律法规对项目工程造价进行科学地调节，充分挖掘建筑市场现有的潜在价值，进而调动各种积极因素，实现提高项目工 程质量、控制工程造价的目的。

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郭, 东赫. "露天采石矿的时序景观规划设计研究." 建筑技术研究 3, no. 5 (June 16, 2020). http://dx.doi.org/10.32629/btr.v3i5.3095.

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项目位于河南省灵宝市车堂峪矿山示范区,长期以来我们对风景旅游地发展的规律性缺乏足够的研究和认识,难以有效把握旅游景点建设的时序和客观效果。且矿区具有鲜明独特的景观空间特征,对矿山棕地进行整体性、系统性的再生规划研究,使矿山开采、修复、开发同步进行,实现矿山的科学开采和转型升级,达到资源开采与环境保护的双赢。为此,本研究综合多因子评价与分析,运用GIS在资源调查期间建成的数据库,实现预期所希望达到的整体性与系统性。然后对不同时段场地的发展驱动力进行与时序设计相关的方法与评价。按照近期开发、中期开发和远期开发3个大阶段,探索景观设计视角下的矿区棕地修复与再利用规划理论,为实现矿山的科学开采和转型升级做出新的贡献。

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李, 亚博. "以加快环保产业发展助力绿色化:形势、思路与对策探究." 生态环境与保护 2, no. 5 (July 4, 2019). http://dx.doi.org/10.32629/eep.v2i5.259.

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环境保护思想不断的深入人心,绿色经济有助于推动环保产业发展,环保产业的重要内容,是实现绿色化的重要基础、支撑和保障。"十三五"期间,新机遇在等待着我们,随着经济发展的不断变化,产业发展不断的呈现出新态势,绿色环保产业发展在经济发展中占主要地位,文章从不同角度剖析我国当前环保产业环保市场所存在的问题,法律、政策、政府行为、公民行为、资源、技术等一系列问题。加强市场的引导作用,减少政府过多干预,使我国环保产业不断的朝着市场化、专业化、产业化方向发展。充分发挥市场主体作用的发展思路,提出了创造市场、释放市场、激活市场、规范市场、强化支撑等环保产业发展措施。

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"西夏韻書分轉所反映的複聲母與韻母系統." Bulletin of Chinese Linguistics 9, no. 1 (December 9, 2016): 151–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/2405478x-00901011.

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The reconstruction of Tangut pronunciation has been advanced by several scholars. Gong Hwang-cherng’s reconstruction is even more outstanding. His remarkable insight is that the third and the fourth class (děng) belonging to different rhymes have the same reconstruction. However, his Tangut reconstruction, with few consonant clusters, resembles Loloish rather than Qiangic. The present study puts forward that the Tangut rhyme dictionaries with 105 rhymes were made by simulating Chinese rhyme dictionaries. The six monophthongs “i, ɯ, u, e, a, o” and the two diphthongs “eu, ou” form eight broad rhyme groups (shè). The first class has no (or -0) medial; the second class the -r medial; the third and the fourth classes the -j medial. A class is divided into four turns (zhuǎn): the first turn (R1-60) has the zero, nasal or w- pre-initial; the second turn (R61-75) has the l-, s- or x- pre-initial; the third turn (R76-98) has the r- pre-initial (similar to M. V. Sofronov’s proposal); the fourth turn (R99-105) is for further supplements. The author reconstructs phonetic values for the rhymes of each turn. Hereby, the system of the consonant clusters in Tangut can be regularly reconstructed according to the phonological records in the rhyme dictionaries. This solution is further supported by observations on some languages related to Qiangic. When we compare several cognates and morphological changes in the Horpa language, we can see some items similar to the present reconstruction.西夏文擬音經海內外諸家研究已經取得很大成就，龔煌城先生的系統更為出色，三四等不同韻而擬音相同尤為高見。惜複輔音擬得太少，以致面貌不像羌語支語言而像彝語。本文提出西夏韻書分105韻乃依傍漢語等韻，本六元音i、ɯ、u、e、a、o加eu、ou合為八攝，依聲母墊尾性質分一等 -∅、二等 -r、三四等 -j，各攝元音重複迴環再分為四轉。分轉所據不是韻母元音本身區別，乃兼顧前接聲母的冠音區別：1轉（R1-60）為∅- 冠、鼻冠、w- 冠，2轉（R61-75）為l-、s-、x- 冠，3轉（R76-98）為r- 冠（蘇敏也曾提r-），4轉（R99-105擴至七韻）補遺特讀。並為每轉各韻具體擬音。據此西夏語複輔音系統可按韻書音韻地位有規律恢復。此乃觀察羌語支近緣語言所得結果，試比較西夏近緣的道孚等語言同源詞與語法變化，可看到與以上擬音相近似的變化。(This article is in Chinese.)

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廖, 彬. "土建工程施工中的高支模施工技术研究." 工程建设 2, no. 4 (June 6, 2019). http://dx.doi.org/10.33142/ec.v2i4.272.

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随着时代的快速发展以及人们日益增长的物质文化需求，人们在不断探求建筑的功能与形式的同时，建筑规模也在增大，由于城市建设的快速发展，土地资源紧缩，如何有效利用空间成为建筑行业实施过程中必须面临和解决的问题。随着社会的不断进步，土建工程也得到了兴起，土建工程的发展对于社会进步有着非常重要的促进作用。其在不断发展土建施工技术的同时，还加快了我国的城市化进程，同时，随着科学技术的不断进步，各种先进的工程技术被应用到建筑工程当中，大跨度大空间工程已非常普遍，为了提高工程质量与保障施工安全，高支模施工被列入重点管控项目，并在工程建设中广泛应用，对土建施工有着积极的影响，另一方面也提升了我国在世界上的地位。土建施工技术的传播使得我国从发展中国家到发达国家之间的距离又缩减了一步，当前土建工程中已经广泛的应用了高支模技术，该技术越来越多的为高层建筑施工提供有效的保障。尤其是自2018年开始高支模技术被列为危险性较大的分项工程，所以在进行施工之前需要编制完善的施工计划，并且还要制定出各种情况的应急预案，从而确保整个分项工程的施工安全，现场的管理需要根据国家法律规定和行业规范严格的落实，任何危险性较大的分项工程如果不能严格的落实安全管理规定，必然要得到严惩。所以必须要高度重视土建工程中的高支模施工技术应用情况及管理。近几年来，我国城市不断的朝着现代化的方向发展，我国高层建筑在土建工程中发展的越来越广泛，高支模施工技术的应用也越来越普遍，但是，当下我国在高支模系统施工设计以及核算方面的相关标准还存在改善的空间，在施工过程中也会出现因设计错误导致的伤亡事故，因此，对高支模系统的设计、搭建等环节进行严格的控制管理是当下土建施工中有待解决的问题，结合笔者工作经验，以土建工程中的高支模施工技术应用为核心进行探讨。

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Journal articles on the topic '法律地位'

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