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Journal articles on the topic '異化'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 3 February 2022

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1

Mine, Irene, and Chieko Mimura. "Raising Cultural Awareness in EFL Classes." JALT Postconference Publication - Issue 2020.1; August 2021 2020, no. 1 (2021): 233. http://dx.doi.org/10.37546/jaltpcp2020-29.

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Teaching culture is essential in a language class, as language is an inseparable part of culture. Yet incorporating culture into an EFL class can give rise to challenges, such as indefinable target cultures, the creation of possible stereotypes, unforeseeable results, difficulties in assessment, and the elusive concept of culture itself. Accepting those challenges, culture can be incorporated into a language classroom not by explicitly introducing a specific culture, but by attempting to raise the students’ cultural awareness. In this study we presented students with real-life stories of inter
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志祥, 汤. "世界華語區域詞語差異之成因及其相應策應之芻議". Global Chinese 4, № 1 (2018): 167–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/glochi-2018-0008.

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摘要 2010 年 5 月《全球華語詞典》 及 2015 年 4 月《全球華語大詞典》的相繼續出版，充分證明了當今世界性華語大家庭的真實存在。這兩本詞典的問世全面展示出當今全球華語詞彙集的總體共時面貌，同時也明白無誤顯示出各區域華語之間的詞語異同。 世界華語各大區域詞語的差異主要以中國大陸、中国台灣、中国港澳、新馬四大塊地域為其代表。其中中國大陸為當今華語的母體和主體，而中国台灣、中国港澳、新馬等地均為子體和異體。 世界華語區域詞語的差異成因主要源於下列三個方面：一是各區域存在著反映各自不同的社會制度、政經面貌、歷史地理、人文習俗，以及當地特有的事物和物產等；二是某些地區有著數目和地位不同的外國語言、漢語方言和方言文化的影響；三是某些地區的部分華語詞語的詞義和詞用產生了在地性變異或變化。 目前相應的對策應該是：（1）詳盡地細緻地描寫並記錄全球華語大家庭的的詞彙概貌及其異同；（2）深入地分析並剖析它們之間的相同、相似、相異的程度和成因；（3）通過交流、教學和研討，增進各區域相互之間的理解與溝通；（4）逐步通過專家篩選和社會使用（約定俗成），推動相互的流通、吸收、協調和融合，逐步達成最大程度的共同化和一體化。
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Nirayani, Luh Meilinda, Ni Nengah Suartini, and I. Wayan Sadyana. "ANALISIS PERBANDINGAN LINTAS BUDAYA PADA BUKU NIHONGO KIRA-KIRA 1." Jurnal Pendidikan Bahasa Jepang Undiksha 5, no. 2 (2019): 237. http://dx.doi.org/10.23887/jpbj.v5i2.18689.

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Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis aspek dan model perbandingan lintas budaya pada buku teks bahasa Jepang. Subjek pada penelitian ini adalah buku Nihongo Kira-kira 1 dari The Japan Foundation. Objek penelitiannya adalah aspek dan model perbandingan lintas budaya yang ada dalam buku Nihongo Kira-kira 1. Data dikumpulkan melalui metode pustaka dan kartu data, kemudian dianalisis dengan metode deskriptif kualitatif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa (1) aspek budaya yang diperkenalkan dalam buku yaitu materi budaya yang berkaitan dengan sistem kemasyarakatan, sekolah, pekerjaan dan kem
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Deacon, Brad, and Kevin Ottoson. "Near Peers Impacting Local Thai Tutors’ Intercultural Communication Competence Development." JALT Postconference Publication - Issue 2020.1; August 2021 2020, no. 1 (2021): 161. http://dx.doi.org/10.37546/jaltpcp2020-20.

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Most study-abroad research has focused on visitors’ development overseas; however, fewer studies have investigated hosts’ development through intergroup contact experience in home environments. This study, which is situated within a larger project, builds on earlier research (see Deacon & Pholboon, 2020) that examined the intercultural communication competence (ICC) development of 8 local Thai tutor hosts (N = 8) who were buddy partnered with 8 Japanese university student visitors during a short-term study-abroad program. In the present study, a qualitative semi-structured interview approa
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Zhang, Jingfen. "潮陽地區四降調系統的變異及演化". Language and Linguistics / 語言暨語言學 21, № 3 (2020): 467–510. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/lali.00068.zha.

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抽象 本文在地域上將粵東潮陽地區分為郊區與中心區，基於陰上調的讀音差異，將發音人區分為老派和新派，通過詳細考察這「兩區四派」共81位發音人的聲調材料，發現該地區的聲調在地域及年齡上的共時變異可用兩條鏈式演化加以解釋：一是陰上調的槽形鏈移，陰上由高緩降演變為高平（或中平），繼而演變為微升（或高升）；二是陰上、陽去、陰平參與的拉鏈鏈移，該鏈移由陰上的變化啟動，利用聲調的人際差異可確定聲調的演化方向。本文還以潮陽郊區方言23位老派發音人為例，分析其聲調系統中四個降調的對立實質，發現斜率是兩個高降調（高緩降與高直降）的最主要的區別特徵，時長則是重要的伴隨特徵。潮陽地區四降調系統的演化過程體現了漢語方言聲調發展的一個趨勢，即朝著曲拱對立更為豐富的格局發展。
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HO, Ying Chih, Shu Ling LI, Fu An CHEN, and Mei Chich HSU. "Comparisons of Antioxidant Status in Different Sport Type Athletes." Asian Journal of Physical Education & Recreation 13, no. 2 (2007): 37–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.24112/ajper.131828.

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LANGUAGE NOTE | Document text in English; abstract also in Chinese.
 This study investigated the resting levels of malondialdehyde plus 4-hydroxy 2-(E)-nonenal (MDA+4-HNE) in plasma, erythrocyte superoxide dimutase (SOD) and glutathione (GSH) in 12 long-distance runners (LR), 12 weight lifters (WL), and 12 age match sedentary nonathletes (SN). The subjects were asked to maintain the lifestyle and original training (Monday to Friday) and were requested not to take any medicines and supplementation two weeks ago before sampling. No significant differences were found in MDA+4-HNE levels amon
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Bray, Eric, and Septina Nur Iswanti. "Japan–Indonesia intercultural exchange in a Facebook Group." Language Teacher 36, no. 2 (2012): 29. http://dx.doi.org/10.37546/jalttlt36.2-5.

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Facebook has become a worldwide phenomenon and is currently the most popular social networking service by worldwide active users. Being so widely used, its potential for use in intercultural exchanges is promising. However, as yet there is little discussion of how Facebook can best be used in an intercultural exchange. A valuable feature of Facebook is the ability to create a Facebook Group where instructors have control of membership, and where activities designed to encourage language learning and greater cultural awareness can be implemented. This paper will describe and evaluate an intercu
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Seki Yoko та 박순애. "異文化理解の捉え方と必要性について - 韓國の異文化理解敎育の現狀から -". Journal of the society of Japanese Language and Literature, Japanology ll, № 40 (2008): 291–316. http://dx.doi.org/10.21792/trijpn.2008..40.015.

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FANG, Xudong. "權利與善——論同性婚姻". International Journal of Chinese & Comparative Philosophy of Medicine 16, № 2 (2018): 99–114. http://dx.doi.org/10.24112/ijccpm.161655.

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LANGUAGE NOTE | Document text in Chinese; abstract also in English.本文由兩個部分構成，第一部分闡述了不反對同性婚姻合法化的理由，逐一討論了對同性婚姻合法化的五種反對意見，認為它們都不成立。第二部分論述了儒家推崇異性婚姻的原因，其主要考慮是同性婚姻不能像異性婚姻那樣可以提供倫理的完整性。作者強調，作為公民權利，同性婚姻可以被自由追求，但作為儒家則以異性婚姻為婚姻的理想模式。前者事關權利，後者事關“善”，有各自的界限，不得逾越。This paper consists of two parts. In the first part, the author refutes, one by one, five objections to the legalization of same-sex marriage, including arguments grounded in naturalness, origin, reductio ad absurdum, compromising traditional marriage, and Jiang Qing’s doctrine of particular human rights. The strongest reason for advocating the legal
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Yulianti, Ni Nyoman Vivin, Ni Nengah Suartini, and I. Wayan Sadyana. "IMPLEMENTASI PEMAHAMAN LINTAS BUDAYA DALAM PEMBELAJARAN BAHASA JEPANG DI SMK NEGERI 5 DENPASAR." Jurnal Pendidikan Bahasa Jepang Undiksha 5, no. 2 (2019): 259. http://dx.doi.org/10.23887/jpbj.v5i2.18687.

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Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan metode yang digunakan guru dalam mengimplementasikan pemahaman lintas budaya dalam pembelajaran bahasa Jepang di SMK Negeri 5 Denpasar dan kendala-kendala yang dihadapi guru serta cara mengatasi kendala tersebut. Subjek pada penelitian ini adalah guru bahasa Jepang di SMK Negeri 5 Denpasar dan buku Nihongo Kirakira I. Objek pada penelitian ini adalah metode yang digunakan guru dalam mengimplementasikan pemahaman lintas budaya dalam pembelajaran bahasa Jepang di SMK Negeri 5 Denpasar. Data dikumpulkan melalui metode observasi non partisipatif, wawa
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Liu, Hsiuhsueh. "閩南語元音演變路徑與觸發因素". Language and Linguistics / 語言暨語言學 21, № 3 (2020): 408–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/lali.00066.liu.

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抽象 本文從次方言比較角度，對比台南、新竹、廈門、鹿港、金門等五地，尋找閩南語單元音歸併演變路徑及其相關變化的可能觸發因素。台南與厦門（鼓浪嶼一帶）的發音相似，傳統閩南語的o、ɔ分立，都轉爲ə、o分立，顯示語言異地同變之追求系統均衡的普遍趨勢。若系統存在固有央元音ə、ɨ音位，傾向阻擋o前移，以免降低固有ə與o區別度，在泉州腔的金門與同安均可見此現象。鹿港老一輩可見到僅以舌位高低區別o、ɔ，但中青年層也普遍出現o元音前移趨勢；說明固有央元音ə阻擋o央化不是必然，次方言接觸強度會進一步誘發差異演變。語言優勢效應也影響了閩南語元音變化，當優勢華語進入生活各領域，促使閩南語中青年層元音系統朝向等同於華語的三個舌位高度發展；目前廈門、金門與台灣各地青年層閩南語元音都是三個舌位高度。總結而言，元音系統內部平衡機制、優勢語言影響、與次方言接觸強度等動力，綜合影響了當今閩南語元音系統歸併變化。
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Kotera, Masaru, та Satoshi Matsuda. "マルチマテリアル化を支えるキーテクノロジー ～異種材料接着・接合～". Seikei-Kakou 30, № 10 (2018): 510_2. http://dx.doi.org/10.4325/seikeikakou.30.510_2.

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Lin, Sue. "早期上海話位移事件的詞化類型". Language and Linguistics / 語言暨語言學 20, № 3 (2019): 387–416. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/lali.00045.lin.

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抽象 早期上海話口語文獻顯示，雖然各類位移事件詞化結構皆有S型框架特徵，但無生自移事件S型框架傾向最強，其次是致移事件，而有生自移事件的V型框架傾向最明顯。位移事件內部詞化結構類型的差異反映了三者所受演變機制或者影響程度之別：雖然雙音節化和語義要素分離成為漢語位移事件向S型框架轉變的重要機制，但早期上海話中致移事件的詞化類型主要受制於連動結構語法化為動趨式的制約，有生自移事件卻借雙音節化使V型框架特徵更為穩定，無生自移事件因語義表達需要更青睞S型框架結構。研究表明，演變機制對詞化類型的制約作用並非均衡的，也非線性的，而是具有複雜性。
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YANG, Xiao Ling, and Xiao Qin LOU. "Influence of Cultural Difference between China and Western Countries on the Development of China's Rhythmical Gymnastics." Asian Journal of Physical Education & Recreation 9, no. 2 (2003): 63–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.24112/ajper.91147.

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LANGUAGE NOTE | Document text in Chinese; abstract also in English.The adoption of the Opening and Reforming Policy has led to the Chinese economic prosperity. In the process, the clashes, contact and interaction between Chinese traditional culture and the western one give athletics new connotation. The paper reviews the history of Rhythmical Gymnastics in China, analyzes the cultural differences between China and western countries and explores the relationship between modern athletics and Chinese traditional culture. And also the paper provides data and other reference materials for re-unders
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Lee, Sang-Gi. "A Study of "stroke grapheme Dissimilation(筆劃異化)“ on the Character of Qin dynasty". JOURNAL OF CHINESE HUMANITIES 78 (31 серпня 2021): 1–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.35955/jch.2021.08.78.1.

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Yamanaka, Nobuko. "An Evaluation of English Textbooks in Japan from the Viewpoint of Nations in the Inner, Outer, and Expanding Circles." JALT Journal 28, no. 1 (2006): 57. http://dx.doi.org/10.37546/jaltjj28.1-4.

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English is used as an international language in communicating with people across many cultures in the modern world. Kachru has investigated this phenomenon and created the “three concentric circles” model to portray the global diffusion of English. His findings show that the “cultural dimensions” of English usage have been expanding; as a result, it is important for Japanese English learners to understand as wide a variety of cultures as possible for effective intercultural interactions. In Japan, the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology maintains that “the understand
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Burton, Susan. "“English makes me act in a different way”: To what extent can a change of language affect speech and behaviour?" Language Teacher 35, no. 3 (2011): 31. http://dx.doi.org/10.37546/jalttlt35.3-4.

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Previous studies have shown that bilingual Japanese give different responses to questions depending on the language spoken. Whilst carrying out a qualitative research project studying the lives and experiences of Japanese women in England, I noticed how a change of language prompted modifications in the speech and behavioural patterns of my interviewees. This paper investigates how this affected the data I collected for my research. バイリンガルの日本人は、使用する言語が異なると、同じ質問に対しても異なる応答をすることが、先行研究で明らかになっている。イギリス在住の日本人女性の生活や経験に関する質的な調査研究の際、インタビューに応えた女性たちの話し方及び行動パターンは使用言語によって変化していた。本論では、使用言語の違いが、インタビューで収集したデータに
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Shrader, Stephen. "An interview with Joseph Shaules." Language Teacher 35, no. 6 (2011): 35. http://dx.doi.org/10.37546/jalttlt35.6-6.

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Joseph Shaules presented at JALT 2010, where he talked about intercultural communication (IC) and language teaching. Chatting after his session, we also discussed the importance of maintaining a dialogue in the language teaching community about the teaching of IC and culture. Due to the distance between Okayama and Tokyo, he was kind enough to agree to an interview with Stephen Shrader, a Visiting Instructor at Notre Dame Seishin Women’s University, through a series of email exchanges. Joseph Shaulesは2010年にJALTで、異文化間コミュニケーション(IC)と言語教育に関する発表を行った。私達はその発表後に、ICと文化の教育に関して、言語教育コミュニティーでの対話を継続する大切さを話し
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LI, Hongwen. "道、技與自然——現代生物科技的莊子式批判". International Journal of Chinese & Comparative Philosophy of Medicine 9, № 2 (2011): 61–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.24112/ijccpm.91506.

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LANGUAGE NOTE | Document text in Chinese; abstract also in English.現代生物科技的廣泛應用引發了一系列社會、法律和倫理問題，它帶來的負面效應正如它的正面效果一樣多。現代生物科技的基本邏輯體現在：它採取還原論的思維模式，秉承改善生命的宗旨，以及持有技術樂觀主義的態度。作者運用莊子的哲學思想對現代生物科技展開一般性批評。作者指出，現代生物科技首先表現出強烈的反自然性，它向自然提出過分要求，干擾、阻止事物順其自然、按其本性來展示自己。現代生物科技還表現出異化特徵，主要體現在物質化和資本化兩個方面。物質化將人的活動限制在物的層面，片面追求物的有用性；資本化則導致生物資本主義的發展。用莊子道家的語言，技術的非自然性和異化的直接原因是“道”“技”分離。因此，為了走出現代生物技術的陷阱，應該採取莊子“道技合一”的方式，實現“技不離道”、“以道馭技”、“道法自然”之完美結合。Biotechnology is a field of applied biology that involves the use of living organisms and bioprocesses such as engineering, technology, and medical research. This paper highlights th
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Du, Zhaojin, та Baoya Chen. "語音標記性與維漢聲調匹配". Language and Linguistics / 語言暨語言學 18, № 3 (2017): 383–429. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/lali.18.3.03du.

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抽象 本文以無聲調的維吾爾語和有聲調的漢語的自然接觸作為研究對象，通過田野調查收集維吾爾族人說漢語的第一手材料，以語音標記性差異的視角，觀察、分析維漢自然接觸環境下維吾爾族人學習漢語聲調的具體過程、特點和規律。研究發現，維漢接觸中維吾爾族人以維吾爾語的詞調調型來匹配漢語聲調；隨著維吾爾族人漢化程度的提高，聲調匹配逐步實現由「無序匹配」向「有序匹配」的轉化，這是一個相對緩慢的發展過程，往往要經歷「無聲調意識→有聲調意識→聲調匹配有序化開始→實現聲調有序匹配」等幾個階段；維漢接觸中聲調實現有序匹配需要相當長的時間，是由聲調的標記性高造成的。這一過程可稱為「聲調標記匹配有序化」。
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Deacon, Brad, and Kevin Ottoson. "Intercultural Impact From a Short-Term Study-Abroad Program in Thailand." JALT Postconference Publication 2019, no. 1 (2020): 219. http://dx.doi.org/10.37546/jaltpcp2019-26.

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Recent government initiatives have helped increase the number of Japanese students studying abroad. However, our understanding of study abroad and intercultural development is largely informed by research in Western contexts. The purpose of this study was to uncover the key areas that students attribute to their intercultural competence growth and development during a short-term study-abroad program in Thailand. This paper offers findings from open-ended questionnaires that were given to 15 Japanese 2nd-year female university students before and after they participated in a three-week study ab
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KASHIWAGI, Akiko. "フラスコの中で変異と選択を繰り返す実験進化". KAGAKU TO SEIBUTSU 58, № 4 (2020): 202–3. http://dx.doi.org/10.1271/kagakutoseibutsu.58.202.

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Kumai, William. "Adaptive Walks and Fitness Peak Climbing: Language Learning as Inducing Adaptive Change in L2 Systems." Nagoya JALT Journal 1, no. 1 (2020): 29–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.37546/jaltchap.nagoya1.1-2.

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This paper adopts the perspective of students, groups, and entire classes as being complex adaptive systems, or CAS. Two important concepts from complexity theory, adaptive walks and fitness landscapes, can be used to create optimal language learning conditions for producing changes in students’ L2 systems. Every configuration of L2 traits a student might have can be assigned a fitness value, that is, an L2 competence level. The set of all such values creates an abstract landscape, the fitness landscape. By changing traits, the position on the landscape changes, meaning a student can take a jo
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彭, 德保, 德保 彭 та 孟儒 蔡. "應用機器視覺於透明容器內異物之自動化檢測". Journal of the Chinese Institute of Industrial Engineers 14, № 1 (1997): 61–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10170669.1997.10431868.

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Bowyer, D. S. "Developing Intercultural Connections and Language Competence with Board Games." JALT Postconference Publication - Issue 2020.1; August 2021 2020, no. 1 (2021): 276. http://dx.doi.org/10.37546/jaltpcp2020-34.

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Students on foreign exchange (FE) programs often fail to make progress in either their creation of intercultural relationships with domestic students or their foreign language (LX) abilities, despite these being the two most common FE student goals (Kudo & Simkin, 2003; Willis Allen, 2010). This article discusses the results of a pilot board game club project created with a Japanese university’s new self-access learning center to provide FE and domestic students more frequent opportunities to interact with and learn from each other. Five people involved in the club, two FE students, one do
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NIE, Jing-Bao. "中、美醫學倫理道德的多元性: 導向一種詮釋的跨文化生命倫理學". International Journal of Chinese & Comparative Philosophy of Medicine 3, № 4 (2001): 135–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.24112/ijccpm.31416.

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LANGUAGE NOTE | Document text in Chinese從20世紀70年代後期以來，美國對中國醫學倫理學的評價及中國對美國生命倫理學的反應，經歷了從坦直的批評到熱情的讚揚，從拒絕到接受的過程。但是無論在美國還是在中國，美國的生命倫理學與中國的醫學倫理學一直被認為分別代表了個性主義和社區主義或集體主義這兩種不同取向。這種一般性的對比被人們廣泛地接受，於是中美醫學倫理道德自身的巨大差異，特別是中國醫德經歷的內在多樣性，即使不說被全部忽略了，至少是不幸地被輕視了。不管是美國的生命倫理學還是中國的醫學倫理學，二者都不只有一種占主導地位的思維方式。在美國和中國－－傳統與現代－－的醫學倫理都是複雜與多樣的。例如，美國和中國的文化與醫學倫理都顯示出個人主義與社區主義的傳統。無論是一般的生命倫理學還是跨文化生命倫理學從本質上都是詮釋性的。詮釋性的跨文化生命倫理學重視任何文化中醫學倫理道德的多元性。通過詮釋，跨文化生命倫理學可作為一種社會與文化批評的重要手段。DOWNLOAD HISTORY | This article has been downloaded 31 times in Digital Commons before migrating into this platform.
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LAM, Tak Ching Eddie, and James J. ZHANG. "Comparison of the Leadership Behavior of Winning and Losing Basketball Coaches." Asian Journal of Physical Education & Recreation 3, no. 1 (1997): 41–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.24112/ajper.31184.

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LANGUAGE NOTE | Document text in English; abstract in Chinese only.從研究得悉，球隊之比賽成績會影響敎練之領導行為。不過，大多數這類研究都在美國進行。然不同之文化背景會對運動員之表現及敎練之領導行 為產生一定之影響力。這份研究主要是比較香港勝方與負方中學籃球敎練之領導行為。參與研究者共有56名男性，全屬香港中學92-93年度學界男子甲組籃球比賽之籃球敎練。所用之問卷"運動敎練領導行為量表"共測試五類領導行為，分別是：正面反映、訓練及指導、交誼上的支持、民主行為、及專制行為。研究結果發現勝方與負方之籃球敎練在領導行為沒有明顯之差異。建議將來之研究須考慮不同文化背景及其它因素。
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Wharton, Chris. "One size fits all: Two activities that transcend level and age." Language Teacher 36, no. 4 (2012): 55. http://dx.doi.org/10.37546/jalttlt36.4-7.

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Finding a successful classroom activity is a blessing for most ESL/EFL teachers; finding one that works across proficiency levels and age groups is a godsend. This paper details two such activities. The first activity uses a simple word game as a gateway to a much deeper process involving vocabulary development, spelling, sentence formation, paragraph cohesion, and creative story telling. The second activity makes use of the students’ first language (L1) and encourages translation from the second language (L2) to the L1, and back again. Although the use of the L1 in the classroom is a contenti
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Kurihara, Yuka. "EFL Teachers’ Learning: Transitional Experiences from an Overseas Teacher Education Program to Japanese School Settings." JALT Journal 35, no. 1 (2013): 51. http://dx.doi.org/10.37546/jaltjj35.1-3.

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Drawing on Vygotsky’s sociocultural theory of mind as a conceptual framework, I discuss the nature of L2 teachers’ learning to teach. In particular, I examine how EFL teachers who participated in overseas teacher education programs for professional development and returned to their native countries appropriated the pedagogical resources (hereinafter tools) presented in the programs into their own classroom instruction. EFL teachers’ experiences are complex because their learning involves not only transferring the tools but also negotiating cultural boundaries between the two key contexts. Thre
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Christopher, Adam. "Promoting Student Intercultural Communicative Competence in the Japanese Context." JALT Postconference Publication 2019, no. 1 (2020): 321. http://dx.doi.org/10.37546/jaltpcp2019-38.

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The impact of culture on language has been acknowledged for many years (Vygotsky, 1962) as well as how local culture may influence the communication strategies and interactions of EFL learners. Since intercultural communicative competence is the key to such communication, I investigated the perceptions of Japanese university students of integrating American and British cultural activities with language learning both in and outside of the EFL classroom. Data were collected through a questionnaire administered to 78 university students. The results suggest that students had positive attitudes an
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WANG, Jingyue. "“紫河車”倫理研究". International Journal of Chinese & Comparative Philosophy of Medicine 5, № 1 (2007): 55–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.24112/ijccpm.51437.

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LANGUAGE NOTE | Document text in Chinese; abstract also in English.“紫河車”已超越了中醫藥材的一般意義，成為一種賦予了倫理內涵的文化現象，代表了中國特有的服用人胎盤的傳統習俗和道德觀念，並對現會社會於人胎盤利用產生正反兩方面的深刻影響。本文從生命倫理學的角度，反思“紫河車” 文化的傳統觀念和社會現象，研究和探討現代“紫河車”文化的道德向度和倫理體系。一、人胎盤為何物的現代道德訴求與“紫河車”文化之異同﹔二、醫用人胎盤必須遵循“知情同意”的倫理原則， 謹慎施行有償捐贈，填補“紫河車”文化的空白﹔ 三、醫學利用人胎盤遵循具有時代性的倫理道德原則，發揚並超越“紫河車”文化精神﹔四、反思“紫河車”文化現象的社會時弊，從規範倫理、自德倫理和制度倫理等方面，建構現代“紫河車”倫理。The "Purple River Vehicle" (Human Placenta) has transcended a general meaning of the Chinese medicine and it is in line with the Chinese traditional conventions and morality. This phenomenon has deep ethical and cultural meanin
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CHAN, Ping Cheung Patrick. "Study on Comparison of Leisure Experiences among International HPER Students and Non-international HPER Students: A Qualitative Approach." Asian Journal of Physical Education & Recreation 2, no. 2 (1996): 21–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.24112/ajper.21173.

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LANGUAGE NOTE | Document text in English; abstract also in Chinese.Most of the previous studies in leisure satisfaction and attitudes towards leisure have been implemented through quantitative inquiries; however, studies on these aspects via qualitative approach are uncommon. The idea of researching ethnicity and cultural beliefs in leisure experiences has not been pursued. This study aims at comparing the leisure experiences of international students with those of non-international students through qualitative analysis.大部份在閒暇(休閒)滿足感與對閒暇態度之研究，均採用定量分析(Quantitative Analysis)方法，而採納定性分析(Qualitativ
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Tominaga, Takahiro. "金属－樹脂 異種複合体の接合界面特性評価の ISO 規格化". Seikei-Kakou 28, № 3 (2016): 107–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.4325/seikeikakou.28.107.

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LEI, Ruipeng. "中國文化視野中的人與動物關係問題——以異種移植為例". International Journal of Chinese & Comparative Philosophy of Medicine 5, № 2 (2007): 79–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.24112/ijccpm.51446.

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LANGUAGE NOTE | Document text in Chinese; abstract also in English.在不同的文化中，關於如何對待動物是可接受的或者說人與動物的關係問題存在各種不同的觀點。本文主要從中國文化的視角來討論和分析這一倫理問題，梳理儒釋道三種思想體系中所包含的生態倫理思想，分析它們對人與動物關係問題的態度，尤其是對異種移植中使用動物問題的倫理論證的有益啟示。從儒家的視角，以貫穿儒家理論與實踐體系的仁愛思想為主線，揭示出由親而疏、由近及遠地踐行“仁”，是完善和提升人性的必要途徑，也是實現普遍的愛的現實的人類行動方式。儒家強調“愛物”的美德， 但不排斥在得到倫理辯護的基礎上使用動物﹔從佛家的視角，以“不殺生”的戒律和“十界論”的生命觀為基礎， 闡明佛家哲學對動物生命的絕對尊重與保護﹔從道家的視角，以“道法自然”和“ 厚德載物”思想為線索，釐清道家哲學崇尚自然、順乎自然的中心思想，以及對不干預自然秩序的強調。In different cultures there is a spectrnm of opinions regarding what it is acceptable to do to animals, including whether it is morally acceptable or not to use them as a s
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CHEN, Kenny Wen Chyuan, Pin Kun CHIU, I. An LIN, Ku Fu XU, Mei Chich HSU, and Michael Tian Chong LIANG. "Study of Basic Military Training on the Physical Fitness and Physical Self-Concept for Cadets." Asian Journal of Physical Education & Recreation 13, no. 2 (2007): 6–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.24112/ajper.131825.

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LANGUAGE NOTE | Document text in English; abstract also in Chinese.
 This study investigated the physiological and psychological aspects of first-year cadets who adopted a basic military training. We focused on the extent to which the Military physical fitness and the physical self-concept will be affected by a basic military training program. Military physical fitness included the score of BMI, pull-ups, 3000m endurance running and 1-min sit-up. Physical self-concept was assessed using the Marsh's Physical Self-Description Questionnaire (PSDQ), which was adapted to use in college student
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Kimura, Arinobu. "異文化コミュニケーション入門書のディスコース –「自己開示」に関する記述に着目して–". Journal of Japanese Studies ll, № 64 (2015): 35–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.15733/jast.2015..64.35.

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SHEI, Ser-Min. "基因工程與社會正義". International Journal of Chinese & Comparative Philosophy of Medicine 4, № 1 (2002): 47–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.24112/ijccpm.41420.

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LANGUAGE NOTE | Document text in Chinese; abstract also in English.基因醫學的進步，有朝一日將使得一個人在出生時的基因組合，不再只是純然的運氣，而是社會體制可以影響和決定的。會這一天來臨時，社會正義是否要求社會提供給父母親必要的基因醫療資源，以避免讓下一代因為基因差異而在機會上不平等？是否要求社會應該提供所有成員必要的基因醫療服務，以確保人與人之間在基因組合上平等？本文從合理契約論的角度來分析對這兩個問題，提出負面的答案。合理契約論的正義觀結合了亞里斯多德與羅爾斯對於正義之概念的分析，主張：社會有欠於每個成員去選擇一個他不能合理拒絕的體制。在這個架構下，本文把基因差異所衍生出來的機會不平等，置於分配正義的脈絡來考察。本文分析了泛公平式的機會平等原則、中立化基因差異原則、基因平等原則，並且指出這些原則的困難。本文認為，為了避免社會成員因為基因缺陷而有生不如死的抗議，社會有義務要做到讓所有的人帶有一定程度的基因品質。但由於基因工程可能會改變人的同一性，本文論證，在合理契約論的架構下，社會並沒有義務去提供必要的基因醫療資源來中立化基因差異，更沒有義務去落實基因平等。但本文也論證，在允許資源不平等、尊重家庭自主性的體制裡，公平式的機會平等要求社會必須補償基因組合較差者。而為了避免補償不足，社會也許應該提供基因醫療資源，縮小人
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박희영. "逸脱の物語「夢応の鯉魚」論 - 二重化された異世界をめぐって -". Japanese Language and Literature Association of Daehan ll, № 41 (2009): 253–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.18631/jalali.2009..41.016.

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이, 상훈. "淸代 贖刑 體系의 變化와 그 背景 : 明律과 淸律의 差異에 대한 검토를 겸하여". Journal of Ming-Qing Historical Studies 44 (31 жовтня 2015): 161–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.31329/jmhs.2015.10.44.161.

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ABE, Yoshito, та Tadashi UEDA. "低分子による抗体軽鎖変異体の安定化とアミロイド繊維形成の抑制". KAGAKU TO SEIBUTSU 55, № 5 (2017): 311–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1271/kagakutoseibutsu.55.311.

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PEI, Sen. "儒道與生命倫理". International Journal of Chinese & Comparative Philosophy of Medicine 8, № 1 (2010): 81–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.24112/ijccpm.81486.

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LANGUAGE NOTE | Document text in Chinese; abstract also in English.誕生於北美的生命倫理學有著獨特的社會歷史文化背景，它是在科學技術發展的推動下，在西方資本主義發展以來個人主義的倫理傳統的基礎上，伴隨著後現代思潮發展起來的。然而由於文化傳統的不同，在中國生硬地套用西方理論，在實踐中反而會使人更加迷惘。在中國如何解決道德異鄉人共處的問題，如何建構中國本土化的生命倫理學，從與北美生命倫理學的產生背景比較的角度分析，我們得出了回溯傳統文化的結論。儒家思想作為中國傳統文化中最有影響力的一派，其價值取向和思維方式已經滲透到中國人生活的各個方面，因此在與西方生命倫理思想對話，以及建構當代的生命倫理學中儒家思想可以從以下三個方面作出貢獻：第一、倫理原則的普世性論證層面；第二、原則矛盾的解決層面；第三、具體問題層面。In this essay, I begin by addressing H. Tristram Engelhardt’s argument of the breakdown of the traditional consensus on moral and religious good. Engelhardt maintains that in the post-modern age, the possibility
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미키다카시. "日本の高校生の異文化間能力育成のための理論的考察 –韓国語・韓国文化学習の観点から–". Journal of Japanese Studies ll, № 66 (2015): 55–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.15733/jast.2015..66.55.

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LIU, Chieh Chung, Jui Kun CHUANG, Chun Hong LIN, et al. "Changes in Blood Lipoproteins, Inflammation Response and Tissue Damage After a Single Bout of Exhaustive Exercise." Asian Journal of Physical Education & Recreation 16, no. 1 (2010): 67–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.24112/ajper.161800.

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LANGUAGE NOTE | Document text in Chinese; abstract also in English. The objective of this study was to determine the effects on plasma lipoproteins, inflammation response and tissue-­damage markers level during their recovery following exhaustive run. These biochemical concentrations were measured before 30 min, immediately after, and 30 min, 1hr, 2hr, 24hr, 48hr, 72hr after an exhaustive run on treadmill in 15 health male subjects with 80%VO2max intensity. The result of one-way ANOVA with measure repeated analysis indicated that there were no significant changes in low-density lipoprotein cho
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김홍래. "異文化理解の方法として『源氏物語』-光源氏と藤壷の関係を中心に-". Journal of Japanese Language and Literature 87, № 2 (2013): 85–108. http://dx.doi.org/10.17003/jllak.2013.87.2.85.

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양선혜. "關於妙善故事的産生與其變異的小考―以觀音信仰的中國化爲中心". CHINESE LITERATURE 71, № ll (2012): 67–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.21192/scll.71..201205.004.

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Baines, Sue. "The Role of Culture in Music and Medicine: Considerations to Enhance Health." Music and Medicine 8, no. 3 (2016): 91. http://dx.doi.org/10.47513/mmd.v8i3.439.

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The expression and understanding of culture is relative to time and social context as individuals and groups within cultures struggle to negotiate the substance and implication of specific cultures [1]. Music and medicine are culturally derived as is the intersection between music and medicine, which at times can be integrated disciplines while at other times they may fester as disconnected treatment modalities. Analyzing the role of culture in music and medicine can reveal unique possibilities that may serve to enhance health.Keywords: cultural competence, anti-oppresive practice, social just
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岩壁　茂, Iwakabe. "事例研究特集号——はじめに 日本における事例研究：2つの方法，2つの世界観 Part2". Pragmatic Case Studies in Psychotherapy 11, № 4 (2016): 96. http://dx.doi.org/10.14713/pcsp.v11i4.1934.

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<p>本特集の目的は大きく異なる事例研究のスタイルを提示し，それらの方法的特徴を比較し，最終的にはそれぞれの強みを組み合わせた事例研究の方法を探究することであった。2編の事例論文は，日本における臨床実践と事例研究の幅を実感できる内容であった。またそれに続く国内外からの4編のコメント，および事例論文著者の回答による対話が起こり，事例研究を通した臨床的学びの場を作り出した。その対話を通して，それぞれの事例研究の特徴がさらに浮かび上がってきた。ここでは，簡潔に2つの事例論文とコメントを振り返り，事例研究の方法論的課題，そして文化の問題について検討したい。</p>
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YANG, Guoli. "從儒家到生命倫理學四原則". International Journal of Chinese & Comparative Philosophy of Medicine 8, № 1 (2010): 99–119. http://dx.doi.org/10.24112/ijccpm.81487.

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LANGUAGE NOTE | Document text in Chinese; abstract also in English.要解決諸如個人或國家因醫療引發的經濟上的“雙崩潰”，伴隨醫生個人權威的沒落和患者個人權利的提升造成醫療領域的“禮崩樂壞”和醫患之間道德異鄉人等的問題，首要是需要選擇一種文化為指引以便思想和行動。本文從多方面思考，認為儒家是最佳的和最具比較優勢的可選擇的文化。儒家生命倫理學的核心基礎是雙重人性觀和均衡發展論。儒家生命倫理學本質特徵是利他主義，它提供了一系列指令性、指導性和約束性的道德規範或道德標準，而這些標準在內容上更具備多樣性和包容性的價值和行為譜系，例如“仁”、“孝”。根據“孝”的道德規範，安樂死可以選擇，而自殺則不能被選擇；根據“禮”要求，儒家要建立一種基於禮樂文明的醫療衞生保健制度以進行衞生保健資源配置，這種制度完全不同於西方文化的現代財產制的分配制度。根據中庸的法則，生命倫理學的四原則可以被簡化為一個簡單的原則：微創原則。This paper discusses the possible application of the four principles of medical ethics advocated by Beauchamp and Childress to the current healthcare reform and tr
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CHAN, Kuei Hui, Sin Yin LIN, Jen Fang LIU, and Mei Chich HSU. "Effects of Fructose-Electrolyte-Antioxidant Vitamin Commercial Sports Drink Ingestion on Muscle Damage and Energy Metabolic Response during Exhaustive Exercise." Asian Journal of Physical Education & Recreation 14, no. 1 (2008): 32–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.24112/ajper.141712.

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LANGUAGE NOTE | Document text in English; abstract also in Chinese.
 The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of drinking a fructose -electrolyte- antioxidant vitamin commercial sports drink on muscle damage and energy metabolic response. A randomized double-blind controlled cross-over study was designed. Eight untrained healthy males completed twice cycling exercise of 70% VO2 max until exhaustion. During exercise subjects took of 170 mL commercial sports drink or placebo every 15 min. Concentrations or activities of CK, CK-MB, glucose, lactate, SOD, GSH and MDA+4-HNE in
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Dirlik, Arif. "Modernity and Revolution in Eastern Asia: Chinese Socialism in Regional Perspective (東亞的現代性和革命: 區域觀點下的中國社會主義)". Translocal Chinese: East Asian Perspectives 10, № 1 (2016): 13–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/24522015-01001002.

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Abstract:
The article discusses possibilities offered by a regional perspective for a more comprehensive understanding of the rise and fall of socialism in Eastern Asia. It suggests that a regional perspective brings into view interactions among radicals that are absent from or marginal to nationally based accounts. A regional approach requires attention to region-formation itself as a problem. Regions are not just physical entities that are given but are themselves subject to ongoing construction and reconstruction. The discussion elaborates on this question by way of conclusion, and suggests that the
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