Journal articles on the topic '研發創新'

知識翻新是學習領域的重要議題，本研究聚焦於知識翻新的文獻發展趨勢、知識結構及知識交流等情形，採文獻計量分析方法，使用Web of Science資料庫，共搜尋685篇論文資料，並以VOSviewer書目軟體作為分析工具，將文獻資料可視化。結果發現，知識翻新研究在美國、加拿大及澳洲具有很強的影響力；加拿大的多倫多大學、臺灣的國立政治大學及香港大學則是重要的研究機構。高共被引文獻涵蓋知識翻新基礎理論與實踐兩大類型。Journal of Learning Sciences為知識翻新指標性期刊。高共被引作者分別為M. Scardamalia、C. Bereiter及J. Zhang。知識翻新研究熱點，主要包含「知識翻新」與「教育」兩個部分。知識翻新研究前沿，包括電腦支援的協作學習、創新、知識論壇、合作學習等主題。基於研究結果，本研究對知識翻新在教育上的涵義提供具體建議。

去中心化金融是近年分散式帳本技術與智慧合約的最新金融應用發展，其於過去1年的快速成長亦顯示其確實具有發展潛力，但其創造的新型態金融服務關係亦對現行民事法律與金融監理帶來挑戰。本文以去中心化借貸為研究對象，介紹此新興金融科技模式發展出的虛擬通貨借款與貸款業務、治理代幣以及去中心化自治組織，釐清此種以智慧合約為核心創造出的新型態金融服務與商業組織的法律關係與定性，並且分析去中心化借貸可能涉及的銀行監理與證券監理問題，探討虛擬通貨借款業務是否構成吸收存款，以及治理代幣是否構成證券性質虛擬通貨，期盼除能釐清去中心化借貸涉及的法律議題之外，亦能藉此機會檢視相關的現行銀行法制與證券法制。<br />

有鑑於108學年度施行的十二年國教強調自主行動、溝通互動，以及社會參與，要 求具備理解本土事務以及關心本土文化的教育理念，本研究擬探討融入知識翻新活動於 國小大船文化課程，對原住民學生的學習歷程與成就之影響。研究問題聚焦在了解學生 如何集體建構文化知識的學習歷程與成果。本研究採個案研究，研究對象為蘭嶼鄉朗島 國小七位達悟族六年級學生，教學設計包含想法中心的知識翻新活動及線上學習平台的 輔助。本研究採用質性研究的描述方式，分析平台上學生集體建構的文化知識與課程中 學生個別手繪大船文化心智圖的資料是否具有一致性。研究發現，知識翻新活動能有效 形成社群的學習共同體、幫助學生集體共構社群知識，以及提升個人大船文化知識與理 解。本研究並對教學創新和文化知識學習提出建言。

提要 本文是筆者對古江東方言語法重建工作的一個嘗試性研究。文章發現單數人稱代詞中的後綴「儂」分佈於從吳語到北部贛語的連續區域，由於吳語、徽語、閩語、贛語、湘語等也同時存在用「儂」表示人稱代詞複數標記的現象，故本文提出「儂」為該區域（乃古江東方言之後裔）早期的複數標記，之後在吳語至北部贛語這個區域發生了複數單數化的創新演變，使得「儂」發展成了單數中的後綴。這個演變對於東南方言（尤其是吳語）的人稱代詞系統，產生了極其深遠的影響。

LANGUAGE NOTE | Document text in Chinese本期主題之所以定為“生命倫理學──重新探索”，乃是因為我們認識到，我們不僅需要繼續學習和借鑒西方生命倫理學已經取得的研究成果，而且還要看清和反思現代西方社會正在經歷的文化危機。為了開創和發展適當的中國生命倫理學，我們不能心安理得地繼續照抄照搬西方的東西，而是要在借鑒西方經驗的基礎上，重新探索一條連接中國文化的生命倫理學之路。DOWNLOAD HISTORY | This article has been downloaded 145 times in Digital Commons before migrating into this platform.

Based on the narratives generated from in-depth interviews with 18 outreach youth workers in Hong Kong, this paper investigates the political actions of these youth workers and shows how they have invented strategies to construct their own style of emancipatory practice. Such strategies include (1) seeking new allies for development of community support networks; (2) establishing a research center for policy advocacy; and (3) organizing with youth for social change. The implications of the findings for realizing the liberating potential of youth work are discussed. 根據深入訪問18位外展青年工作者所得的敘述，本文探究這些青年工作者的政治行動，並展示他們如何創造出一些策略，以建構具備他們自己獨特風格的解放式青年工作。這些策略包括：(1)尋找新盟友以發展社區支援網絡；(2)成立一研究中心作政策倡議；及(3)組織青年人以推動社會變革。本文並討論上述發現對實現青年工作之解放潛力的含義。.

LANGUAGE NOTE | Document text in Chinese; abstract also in English.隨著分子和基因組信息對流行病學影的響增加，無數遺傳流行病學研究和後人類基因組計劃的研究都愈來愈依賴人類生物信息庫(biobank)。生物信息庫的建立，不但使慢性病研究獲得了很多突破性的進展，還強而有力的支持了藥物的創新研究和治療方式的改進。再者，隨著後基因組時代的來臨，誕生了以基礎研究所獲得的知識成果，快速轉化為臨床上治療這一新方法，並通過實施這新方法反過來驗證基礎研究中的發現或建立的新理論（轉化醫學）。生物信息庫的建立能促進轉化醫學研究及提高科研效率。所以，生物信息庫成為近年來各國生物醫學領域爭相發展的重點。然而，在基因組研究和後人類基因組計劃的背景下，伴隨它們十幾年發展的是無數待解決的倫理挑戰，其中是否向參與者告知研究結果就是國際倫理學界研究和關注的焦點之一。本文通過對正反觀點的論證，對比總結得出一些粗淺的建議，以期為相關政策的制定者提供一些參考。The establishment of human biobanks has begun to play an important function in promoting healthcare in many countries. Biobanks can disclose genetic data and can be used to identify health- and disease-relevant environmental, individual, and clinical factors. Indeed, studies of genetic epidemiology and human genomics increasingly rely on the use of human biobanks, which have played a positive role in breakthroughs in chronic disease research. They have also strongly supported creative research on drugs and the improvement of therapeutic methods.Currently, biobanks are an important target for development within the area of biomedicine. However, at least in the context of genome research, enormous ethical problems and challenges have arisen. Among those problems and challenges is the important issue of information disclosure: should individual donors be informed only of the average research results from all relevant donors, or should they be informed of their own specific genetic information arising from biobank research? The dominant bioethical view seems to imply the latter – that individual donor information should be made available to the individual donor – according to the fashionable bioethical principle of respect for the individual’s autonomy. However, this essay asserts that such disclosure has both positive and negative effects that should be carefully considered and balanced. It argues that individual donors should not have an absolute right to be informed of biobank findings. Rather, public policy regarding the disclosure of biobank findings to individual donors should be formulated based on the comprehensive consideration of relevant factors: the nature and severity of a genetic risk, the validity of the research findings, the clinical utility of the findings, the feasibility of using the findings, and the integrity of the research.DOWNLOAD HISTORY | This article has been downloaded 29 times in Digital Commons before migrating into this platform.

<p>教師專業發展的相關理論與實踐多集中於教育專業知能的提升，甚少關心教師的生活品質與生命提升，教育美學也很少觸及教師專業發展，未有將自然美感經驗融入教師專業的研究。本研究旨在以文獻分析法，輔以訪談法，探討自然美感經驗取向的教師專業發展之意涵、功能與實施方式。自然美感經驗取向的教師專業發展之意涵在透過自然美感的欣賞，豐富教師的生活與生命經驗，啟發教師對於生活、教學、教師志業、生命意義等靈性方面的省思，進而提升教師的專業能力。其功能有六項：提升主動進行教師專業發展的意願、提供課程與教學創新的源泉、促進教師的班級經營能力、提供生理與心理治療的效果、強化環境教育素養、提升生命品質，培養生命的智慧。本研究最後並提供一些具體的實施原則與建議供中小學參考。</p> <p>&nbsp;</p><p>Theories and practices of teachers’ professional development almost focus more on improvement of educational profession knowledge than life of teachers. Researches of educational aesthetics seldom apply natural aesthetic experiences on teachers’ professional development. This study aims at using literature analysis as the method, supplemented by interview, to inquire the meaning, function and implementation of teachers’ professional development based on natural aesthetic experience. The meaning of this approach is to enrich teachers&rsquo; life experience, and enlighten their reflection on daily life, teaching, vocation, and life meaning, then can improve professional competence further more. There are six functions of teachers’ professional development based on natural aesthetic experience as: improving the will to engage teachers&rsquo; professional development actively; affording the resource of innovation ideas on curriculum and teaching; improving competence of classroom management; affording effects on physical and psychological therapy; enforcing literacy of environmental education; promoting quality of life and life wisdom. Finally, this study also provides some principles and suggestions of implementation for elementary and junior high schools.</p> <p>&nbsp;</p>

As the home computer and the Internet are becoming more and more popular, social service agencies in Hong Kong are beginning to show interests in making use of the new technology to extend social welfare services to the community. This paper presents the results of an empirical study to evaluate the Cyber-Parenting Project as a pioneer attempt in providing parenting education through the Internet and gives recommendations for future attempts of similar nature. The discussion covers the conceptualisation, design, implementation and utility of the Cyber-Parenting Project, and the recommendations include issues on system design, provision, testing, and monitoring of web-based social service programs. 由於家用電腦及萬維網的應用日益普及，本港的社會服務機構亦開始思考如何應用這新科技去進一步延展社會福利服務到社區；而“Cyber親職教育網”便是利用萬維網去提供親職教育的一項創新計劃。本文就對該計劃進行的實證研究結果去評估該計劃在構思、設計、執行、及效用各方面的得失，並因應評估結果作出關乎系統設計、提供、測試、及監控等多方面的建議，供有興趣發展網上服務的福利機構及人仕參考。

LANGUAGE NOTE | Document text in Chinese; abstract also in English.中西醫結合包含中醫和西醫之間的團結合作，但更重要的是中醫學和西醫學之間的互相結合。在世界上對傳統醫學曾有過三種方針，即“否定”，“容忍”和“平行”的方針，均不能充分發揮傳統醫學的作用和潛力。中國採取“結合”的方針，較好地解決了這一問題，不僅滿足當前醫療工作的需要，更重要的是在科學研究中，強調創新，兩種醫學的觀點、方法、優勢互補，獲得大量新的研究成果，如針刺原理和針麻研究，青萬素的發現，瘀血證研究等。雖然現代醫學是主流醫學，但尚不足以解決所有問題，如慢性病，老年病等。用結合的思想可以更好地解決各種難題，使醫學科學更快地向前發展，造福於人民。What attitude should we take toward traditional medicine? There have been three types of policies in this regard all over the world. First, the excluding policy prohibits practicing any traditional medicine. Traditional physicians are not qualified to possess the title of physician, and their practice is illegal. Second, the tolerating policy does not make illegal traditional medical practice, but it does not formally affirm the practice. Third, the paralleling policy allows both traditional and modem medical practices, but their use may not overlap. For example, traditional physicians may not use modem medical facilities.Since the establishment of the People’s Republic of China in 1949, a unique policy of integration has been adopted in China. This policy assumes that both traditional Chinese medicine and modern Western medicine have strengths and weaknesses. It requires that both types of medicine be integrated so as to develop more effective methods in treating diseases and preserving health.There are two senses of the integration of traditional Chinese and modern Western medicine. The first sense refers to the integration of the two types of the physicians, i.e., the cooperation between traditional Chinese practitioners and modern Western medical professionals. The second sense refers to the integration of the two disciplines; i.e., to use both traditional Chinese and modern Western medical theories and practices to create new forms of diagnostic and therapeutic approaches and means. The hope was to have the perspectives, methods, and solutions of both types of medicine complement each other.Under the integrating policy, traditional Chinese medicine has been developed tremendously in mainland China. 30 traditional Chinese medical colleges, 2457 traditional Chinese medical hospitals, and 170 traditional Chinese medical research institutions have been established. A number of well-known medical achievements, such as acupunctural analgesia and anesthesia, the discovery of a new type of anti-malaria drug - Qinghaosu (artemisinin), and the study of blood stasis syndrome, have been made by following the integrating strategy.With the rapid growth and development of the diagnostic and therapeutic technologies in modern Western medicine, some individuals are doubtful of the prospect of traditional Chinese medicine and of the necessity of China’s integrating strategy. However, no matter how advanced modern Western medicine as a form of medicine has become, it will not be able to handle all diseases or medical problems effectively and appropriately. The human body and medical reality are too complicated to be fixed by modern medicine once and for all. For instance, in the present time, chronic and geriatric diseases pose perplexing challenges to modern medicine. Possibilities are always open for traditional Chinese medicine as well as the integrated traditional Chinese and modern medicine to make their valuable contributions.DOWNLOAD HISTORY | This article has been downloaded 69 times in Digital Commons before migrating into this platform.

LANGUAGE NOTE | Document text in English; abstract also in Chinese. This paper aims to report a collaborative study project between a teacher training institute and two secondary schools in Hong Kong. It involves the initiation of an innovative curriculum model titled “sport education”. The study attached to the practice-referenced and interpretive research perspective with interviewing and video-taping of lessons as tools for data collection. It inquires how 2 experienced PE teachers and 12 secondary 4 students with “high-”, “average-” and “low-level” sports skill proficiency articulated their teaching and learning experiences with sport education. The findings revealed that both teachers accepted sport education for providing positive learning experiences for promoting students' generic skills and all round development. Students' active learning, motivation, self initiation, creativity and team cohesiveness were also enhanced. Most students satisfied with experiences of taking roles, performing duties, affiliating with teams, collaborating with others and accomplishing tasks. However, both teachers experienced difficulties of increase in workload. 3 students encountered unpleasant experiences of injury, unfair judgment of the referees and completing assignment after school illustrating their differences in expectation on physical education. Recommendations are made for overcoming these difficulties. The findings of this study provide qualitative insights on how sport education can better be implemented to enhance students' learning in physical education. 本文旨在報告一所師資培訓學院與兩所香港中學的一項協作研究計劃，該計劃涉及推展名為「競技運動教育」創新課程模式的研究。研究以實踐為本及詮釋理念為依據和利用訪談及課堂錄影為資料搜集工具，探討了2位資深體育教師和12位運動技能水平被介定為「高」、「中」及「低」學生對競技運動教育的教與學經歷。研究結果顯示2位體育教師接納此課程模式並提供學生正面的學習經驗，促進他/她們的共通能力和全人發展。此模式也能培養學生的主動學習、應激、自我驅動、創意和團隊內聚力。大部份學生對參與承擔角式、執行職責、加入團隊、與人合作和完成被指派工作等學習經歷也是正面的。但是，兩位老師均 經歷工作量增加的困難，其中3位同學也遇上不愉快的經驗如受傷、不公平的裁判判決和完成家課等。研究結果對推展競技運動教育以促進學生學習作出建議及質性啓示。

LANGUAGE NOTE | Document text in Chinese; abstract also in English.修煉氣功大有益於人的健康。但對於氣功那些令人震撼的效應，還沒有提出一套比較完整的氣功科學理論來加以解釋。然而，無法用當代已接受的科學理論來說明的現象不應一概斥之為迷信。當我們說“氣功科學”時，我們並不是說氣功已經是一門科學，而是說要以科學的態度、方法、手段和精神來對待氣功，研究氣功，努力開創一個科學探索的新領域。在這一探索中，還要注意從氣功的理論、世界觀和方法論出發來設計氣功科學實驗，而不是以常規科學的方式為萬能的或唯一正確的研究方式。Many people have noticed that practicing qigong is beneficial to human health. However, how does it work is not quite clear. Especially, there is no way to use the contemporarily accepted scientific theories to explain some strikingly impressive effects and phenomena that qigong practitioners have brought out. But we should not take all of them as superstitious simply because they cannot be brought to light by currently accepted scientific theories. Instead, we should seriously explore qigong science.When we speak "qigong science", we do not mean qigong is already a science. Rather, we mean that we ought to study qigong through scientific methods and in scientific attitude and spirit in order to open a new area for scientific inquiry. The basic spirit of science is honesty: truth is truth, and false is false. Science is not static. It is always developing. In scientific investigations of qigong, we must take notice to the special characteristics of qigong: its own theories, worldviews as well as methodologies. In designing scientific experiments on qigong, we should not take currently common scientific designing procedures and rules as absolute and universal standards. Rather, we should adapt them in ways of suiting the peculiar features of qigong practice so that useful information and results can be brought about.DOWNLOAD HISTORY | This article has been downloaded 46 times in Digital Commons before migrating into this platform.

LANGUAGE NOTE | Document text in English; abstract also in Chinese. Asia has been playing an important role politically and economically in the world and its influence will extend in the 21st century. At the meantime, sport industry is also booming in the Pacific Rim in terms of the concept of global village. Sport industry was a $213 billion USD business and ranked the sixth major industry in the United States in the 20th century. The global sport business has already exceeded $500 billion USD in the new millennium (Street & Smith’s Sports Business Journal, 1999). John Cappo, International Vice President at International Management Group (IMG) indicates that the World Cup Korea/Japan 2002 and the awarding of the Olympic Games to Beijing 2008 is a further testament of the increased proliferation of sports marketing in Asia. These countries and governments use the sports marketing platform to provide a window to the world, promote their countries, business and cultural exchange. This support and commit will further add to the development and growth of the sports marketing industry. There is no doubt about that the sport industry is an economic behemoth and it is creating unlimited potential opportunities for all kinds of business. The impact of sport business is increasing in Asia when the values of health and leisure are more emphasized. In addition, it is critical to understand the development of sport industry in Asia as the world trade is more globalized and sport business is more internationalized. Therefore, the purposes of this paper are to: 1) introduce the development of Asian sport industry in China, Japan, Korea and Taiwan as the examples, 2) foresee the future development of sport industry in 21st century. 亞洲一直是世界經濟及政治的一個重要角色，它的影響力已延伸到21世紀。在世界村的觀念下，亞太地區的運動產業正在蓬勃發展。二十世紀的美國，運動產業是總值2,130億美元的第六大產業，而在這新的世紀裡，全球運動產業的總值已經超越5,000億美元，IMG的國際副總裁John Cappo指出2002年日本及韓國的世界盃及2008年的北京奧運證實了運動產業在亞洲的發展。這些國家及政府利用大型國際運動賽事來為本國宣傳，同時也促進文化及經濟的交流，像這些國家的付出及支持，更加速運動產業的發展。無疑的，運動產業這隻經濟巨獸已創造出無限的商機，尤其當健康及娛樂的價值在亞洲地區日益受到重視之際，運動產業的影響力也就與日俱增。在目前貿易全球化及運動商業國際化之時，了解亞洲國家的運動產業就顯得相當重要了。鑑此，本研究的主要目的是以中、日、韓、台為例，介紹亞洲的運動產業並預測二十一世紀該產業的發展。

提要 關於《蒙古字韻》所反映的漢語方言音系，本文得出了以下結論：①中古音四聲已分爲陰陽八調。②疑、云母的實現形式ꡃ <ŋ> [ŋ-]和ꡝ <’> [ʔ-]都是/ʔ-/ （陽調）的條件變體。③中古音微母、日母、以母 （各自對應於ꡓ <w>、ꡔ <ž>、ꡭ <y1>）爲[v-, ʐ-, jɦ-]，中古音奉母、禪母、部分匣母（對應於ꡤ <f1>、ꡚ <š1>、ꡯ <h1>）變爲[fɦ-, ʂɦ-, xɦ-]。這兩個音變構成一套鏈移 （chain shift）。④中古音全濁聲母除了邪母和部分匣母以外都變為“清音濁流” [Cɦ-]。⑤硬顎音聲母/c, cʰ, ç, j, ɲ/有獨立的地位，但是/c, cʰ, ç/沒有專用字母。⑥韻腹有/a, e, ɤ, i, u, y, ï/，韻尾有/j, w, m, n, ŋ/，介音有/w, ɥ, i/。介音/i/只與韻腹/a, e/相配。 元朝人沒有現代語言學的知識。從韻書等資料構擬出一套語音系統的科學研究是一項嶄新的嘗試。使用表音文字構擬脫離實際方言的語音系統並且還制定拼法，這是一項遠比現代人能想像的難得多的工作。本文認爲，哪一個字屬於哪一個小韻很可能是根據前代韻書而決定的，同時還認為，語音系統本身很可能是反映著實際方言音系的相當部分。 創造八思巴字拼寫的原則很可能是，蒙古語母語話者如同讀八思巴字蒙古語一樣發音，就能夠自然地念出近似漢語的語音。換句話說，八思巴字拼寫系統是爲了方便蒙古人而設計出的。

LANGUAGE NOTE | Document text in Chinese; abstract also in English.由於新冠病毒的特性和難以防诸，新冠肺炎病毒很快成為全球性的流行病。而在此疫情中，受到感染和死亡的地區與人數急升，不但造成全球性的恐慌，同時產生許多心理、生活和文化上的嚴重問題。本文從倫理與文化，特別是儒家的精神，檢討我們與此病毒共存時，如何調整我們的生活與價值，建立生命共同體的觀念，以減輕或免除由此嚴峻疫情所受到的個人與社會的創傷和後遺症。本文分析了在地球村的緊密關係之下，我們必須保持有效的防疫工作才可以開封和進行經濟生產、物品流通，否則會在目前和日後不斷發生重覆的社區感染。人類必須圑結互助、共同承擔和接受各種不便，互讓互該、助人助己，才能夠平安渡過此一巨大災難。公共衛生的防疫工作是一涉及個人自由與公共安全的嚴重的道德兩難的課題。在防疫上，我們的個人行動實涉及他人的生命安全與權益，我們必須放棄以個人自由權利為優先的觀點，採取在生活共同體中的仁愛與對他人的苦難所具有的同情共感的自我要求，以共同義務與關懷為主，這實是一「為己為人」的雙重義務，在疫情流行中，更需要發揮「老吾老以及人之老，幼吾幼以及人之幼」之仁愛精神；在工作上必謹守敬慎原則，超前部署防疫工作，防範醫療體崩潰，在疫情的政策要公開、透明、問責、方可望全民共同努力，共渡難關，實現「養生送死無憾」的人生願望。在疫情中，家人的互相照護不但是生活上也是情感上的最重要的支持和解慰，社會和政府也必須提供必要的生活用品和醫療資源的支助，以及截斷政治干涉，讓專家們進行公開的宣導工作、病情教育、回應疑難等，使社會、家庭和個人都得到 支援和共識。病毒的傷害無國界，是我們的共同敵人，防疫的工作也無國界，人類必須有跨國家和跨民族的一體同仁的意識，實現互愛互助，不但救助社群中的脆弱者，也要救助落後的國家地區的人們。我們要領取這次教訓，建立真確的疫情訊息分享的平台，建立全球的病毒研究的規範、合符嚴格要求的病毒研究室，拒絕利用病毒研究為生化與戰爭的工具。在疫情中可以推進世界和平，最後可以從病毒了解生命，在疫情中發揚倫理與文化的價值。The special properties of the new Covid-19 virus make it difficult to control, and it very quickly became a pandemic. The numbers of infected and deaths have increased so fast that it has incited a global panic and caused serious worldwide psychological, day-to-day, and cultural problems. This paper adopts a Confucian perspective to analyze the problems of living with the virus and to explore how to adapt our values and way of living to mitigate or eliminate personal and social traumatic experiences during this serious time. In this paper, I point out that as we live in a close-knit global village, we need an effective policy to keep the pandemic at bay before we can remove inter-city and international barriers to the production of materials and the flow of economic products. Otherwise, we may—and in fact have had—continuous repeated infections. People must develop global solidarity based on interpersonal and intersocial love to share our responsibilities and burdens, and to help ourselves as well as others in this terrifying pandemic.Public health pandemic prevention is a job involving a moral dilemma between personal rights and public safety. Because our preventative actions involve the lives of others, we must abandon prioritizing our personal rights and adopt the principles of benevolence and empathy toward others, taking our common responsibility and care toward others as our main basis of action. This principle also applies to us: benevolence needs to be extended from our family members to everyone else. We have to put precautionary principles into action in our prevention, publicity, transparency, and accountability efforts to overcome the pandemic.Family members are essential, as they provide both physical and emotional support during the pandemic. Society and governments have to provide the means to live as well as medical support, and political interference must be curbed so that medical professionals can take the lead on public interactions, education, and interviews to enable individuals, families, and society to build a consensus on the issues and policies of prevention. Our common enemy is the virus, which assaults human health indiscriminately. We need to help our people as well as those in other countries, especially society’s most vulnerable. We must learn from this calamity and build a platform to share information, establish norms regulating virus studies, enact rigorous regulations for safety in virus research laboratories, and reject using research results for chemical warfare. We hope this pandemic can bring about world peace as we learn to better our lives and further our ethical and cultural values.DOWNLOAD HISTORY | This article has been downloaded 29 times in Digital Commons before migrating into this platform.

This study explores the possibility and the potential of using GIM as a therapeutic medium with a visually impaired population. Visually impaired populations can be considered in two broad categories. The congenitally blind, who are sightless from birth and the adventitiously blind, who have lost their sight at a later stage of their life. G.I.M, according to its founder Helen Bonny, is a model which involves listening to music in a relaxed state to elicit visual imagery as well as imagery for other sensory modalities and emotions. An image is an activated sensory memory, or a combination of many sensory memories that are evoked by the music. Given the fact that especially congenitally blind people, do not experience visual mental images, but experience life, mostly, via gustatory, olfactory, auditory and tactual sensory references, the presentation, will focus on how “visual” or “aesthetic” the GIM experience can be and the challenges, both the client and the therapist will face; the significance and the role of music, as an “external stimulus”; the construction of visual as well as spatial representation of the imagery; the adaptations (if needed), according to the special needs of the population, the major therapeutic issues to be addressed and the boundaries that they face. The possibility of the GIM experience offering visually impaired clients a new potential for external reality will be explored. “One does not become enlightened by imaging figures of light, but by making the darkness conscious” JungKeywords: visual impairment, GIM, imageryGermanGuided Imagery and Music und der sehbehinderte Patient. Hilf mir, im Licht zu bleiben!Maria SamaraDiese Studie untersucht die Möglichkeiten und das Potential, GIM als ein therapeutisches Medium für sehbehinderte Menschen zu nutzen. Sehbehinderte Menschen können in zwei größeren Kategorien eingeordnet werden: die angeboren Blinden, die von Geburt an blind ist, und die durch Zufall Erblindeten, die ihr Sehvermögen zu einem späteren Zeitpunkt in ihrem Leben verloren haben.GIM, nach ihrer Gründerin Helen Bonny benannt, ist eine Methode, die das Hören von Musik in einem entspannten Zustand einbezieht, um visuelle Bilder und Bilder von anderen emotionalen Modalitäten und Emotionen hervor zu locken. Ein Bild ist eine aktivierte sensorische Erinnerung oder eine Kombination vieler sensorischer Erinnerungen, die durch die Musik evoziert werden.Der Tatsache geschuldet, dass von Geburt an blinde Menschen keine visuelle mentalen Bilder haben, dass sie aber ihr Leben meist via gustatorische, olfaktorische, auditive und taktile sensorische Verweise erfahren, will sich dieser Beitrag darauf konzentrieren, wie bildlich oder ästhetisch die GIM Erfahrungen sein können, sowie die Herausforderungen von beiden, Klient und Therapeut, bewältigt werden: die Beschaffenheit von visuellen und räumlichen Bildern; die (evtl. nötige) Bearbeitung, angelehnt an die spezielle Bedürfnisse dieser Population, die größten therapeutischen Probleme sowie die Grenzen, die damit verbunden sind, angegangen werden müssen. Die Möglichkeit einer GIM-Erfahrung, dem visuell eingeschränkten Menschen neues Potential für die Erforschung externer Realität eröffnet, soll hier untersucht werden. “One does not become enlightened by imaging figures of light, but by making the darkness conscious” (Jung) Japanese音楽によるイメージ誘導法（GIM）と視覚障害。光と共にいたいマリア・サマラ本研究は、視覚障害者を対象にしたGIMの臨床的役割の可能性を探索する。視覚障害を持つ対象者には、大きく分けて二つのカテゴリーがある。一つは先天性視覚障害で、生まれた時から見ることが出来なかった人達、もう一つは後天性視覚障害、すなわち何らかの理由により視覚を失った人々である。GIMとは、創始者のヘレン・ボニーによると、音楽を聴取しながらリラックスした状態を作り、視覚的イメージや他の感覚および感情に関するイメージを引き出す治療モデルである。ここでいうイメージとは、音楽によって喚起された感覚記憶、または多感覚による記憶の組み合わせのことを指している。特に、先天的視覚障害者は視覚からのイメージを体験したことがないが、彼らは日常を味覚、嗅覚、聴覚、そして触覚から体験している。本稿では、GIMがいかに「視覚的」または「審美的」な体験をもたらしたか、その際クライエントとセラピスト両者にとってどのような課題があるか、「外的刺激」としての音楽が担う役割と意義は何か、について述べる。さらに、イメージにおける視覚的および空間的表現の構築、この障害の特徴に対する適応、そして主要な治療的課題とバウンダリーに関して考察する。GIM体験が、視覚障害者に、外界の現実をもたらす新しい可能性について検証する。 「人間は、光のイメージ像ではなく、影を意識化することによって照らされるのである」（ユング）Keywords: 視覚障害、GIM、イメージChinese本研究探討以GIM作為治療媒介運用在視障族群的可能性與潛力。視障族群大致可歸納為兩種類型，一類為出生時就喪失視力的先天失明，以及在生命後期階段才喪失視力的後天失明。根據創始人海倫邦尼的定義，GIM是一種在放鬆狀態中聆聽音樂並從而引出視覺與其他感官意象以及情緒的模式，被音樂誘發的意象喚起了一個或多種感官記憶。然而視障者─尤其是對先天失明，沒有過視覺心理呈像經驗的人，他們體驗生活的方式大多是透過味覺、嗅覺、聽覺、觸覺的呈現做為參考，而GIM著重於「視覺」與「美學」的體驗，這對個案或治療師而言都可能是個必須面臨的挑戰；音樂作為一個外在刺激，其所扮演的角色與意義在於幫助個案建構視覺與意象的空間感，並根據這個族群的特殊需求、主要治療議題及他們所面臨的限制做出調整(如有必要)。從GIM的體驗提供視障個案一個全新的探索外界現實的可能性。「一個人無法因想像光的影像而被啟蒙，而是透過意識到黑暗的存在被啟發。」榮格Korean유도된 심상과 음악 기법(GIM), 그리고 시각 장애인들: 빛과 머무르게 도와주세요! Maria Samara초록본 연구는 시각 장애군 대상 치료방법의 일환으로 GIM의 가능성과 잠재력을 탐구했다. 시각 장애인은 태어날때부터 보이지 않는 선천적인 시각장애인과, 후천적으로 시력을 잃어버린 중도시각장애인으로 나누어 고려될 수 있다. Helen Bonny에 따르면 GIM은 다른 감각 양상과 감정들을 위한 심상 뿐만 아니라 시각적 이미지를 유도하기 위해 편안한 상태에서 음악을 듣는 것과 관련된 치료모델이다. 이미지는 활성화된 감각 기억 또는 음악에 의해 떠오른 많은 감각 기억들이 결합된 것이다. 특히 선천적인 시각 장애인들이 시각적인 정신 이미지를 경험하지는 못하지만 대개 미각, 후각, 청각, 촉각 기준을 통해 삶을 경험한다는 사실을 고려할 때, 본 연구는 GIM 경험이 얼마나 시각적이거나 미학적인지, 내담자와 치료사가 직면할 수 있는 어려움들, 외부 자극으로써 음악의 역할과 중요성(significance), 공간적 심상 표현뿐 만 아니라 시각적 표현 구성, 대상군의 특별한 필요에 따른 수정(필요한 경우), 다뤄야 할 주요한 치료 문제들과 그들이 직면하게 될 경계에 중점을 맞출 것이다. 이를 통해 GIM 경험이 시각 장애 내담자들에게 외부 현실에 대한 새로운 잠재력을 제공할 가능성에 대하여 살펴볼 것이다. “깨달음은 빛의 존재를 상상한다고 해서 얻어지는 것이 아니라, 어두운 곳에 의식을 비춤으로써 얻는 것이다” Jung 키워드 : 시각 장애, GIM, 심상

PurposeThis research aims to study the effect of R&D (research and development) enablers and barriers as well as industrial property on exploration, their influence on exploitation and finally the possible impact on innovative outcome (IO) as a result variable. The IO can be defined as the orientation towards new or improved products, services and processes, as well as towards penetration and greater market share, which the company has obtained as a result of innovative processes.Design/methodology/approachFor this purpose, a new relationship model is defined, which is empirically contrasted in a quantitative study. We use a sample of large firms from different economic sectors with a high level of investment in R&D.FindingsThe results indicate a close relationship between exploration and exploitation processes, as well as a positive impact on the innovative outcome. Moreover, the type of relationship that R&D enablers and barriers have with exploration is demonstrated and the lack of a positive effect of industrial property on exploration.Practical implicationsThese results may lead to new markets opening up and the creation or improvement of new products, services or processes in diverse sectors of highly innovative firms.Originality/valueThis research aims to study the effect of R&D enablers and barriers and industrial property on learning flows and, finally, the possible impact on the innovative outcome. A new theoretical model of relationships is defined, and it is the first time that it is empirically tested.研究目的本研究旨在探討研究與開發的推動者、研發的障礙和工業產權對探索與開發的影響，並最終探究出其可能對作為結果變項的創新成果帶來的影響。創新成果可解釋為邁向新的或改良的產品，服務和流程的定向，以及邁向滲透和更大的市場份額的定向，而這更大的市場份額是企業的創新流程所帶來的。研究的設計/方法/理念為達研究目的，我們解說了一個新的關聯模型, 並使用於一項量化研究，進行以實驗為依據的對比。我們使用的樣本，包括來自不同經濟領域，並於研發投放高水平投資的大企業。研究結果研究結果顯示，探索與開發是兩個關係密切的流程；研究結果亦顯示對創新成果的影響是正面的。而且，結果展示了研發推動者、研發障礙兩者與探索的關聯，以及工業產權對探索是欠缺正面作用的。實際的意義研究結果或會帶來新市場的開拓，以及在不同領域、高度創新的企業內，帶來新的產品，服務與流程的創造和改良。研究的原創性和價值本研究旨在探討研發推動者，研發障礙和工業產權對學習心流的影響，並最終探究出其對創新成果可能帶來的影響。研究解說了一個新的、純理論的關聯模型，而這個模型於此是首次憑實驗而被測試的。

PurposeThe paper investigates the market performance of strategic acquisitions for growth in the fifth and sixth merger waves and outlines the major determinants that affect the performance of acquiring companies in these most complex and most challenging corporate transactions.Design/methodology/approachTo perform the quantitative analysis a unique data sample was built out of acquisitions performed in the 5th and 6th merger waves with an only single purpose – strategic growth. Their performance was first analyzed using the method of market-based event study. In addition, the impact of several non-accounting determinants identified through a thorough literature review was tested using univariate/multivariate regression analysis.FindingsThe new findings of the study state that strategic acquisitions for growth created more value for acquiring companies if they were completed internationally and involved an acquisition of a middle-sized company. Moreover, the acquisition of targets in the less related industries (2-SIC) led to stronger performance of acquirers, especially in the international settings.Research limitations/implicationsThe study suggests additional directions for future research. The future analysis can investigate the post-merger acquisition performance of strategic acquirers and can focus on additional financial (accounting) determinants in the evaluation of performance. This perspective can not only address the limitations imposed by the assumption of efficient capital markets but also provide additional insights.Practical implicationsThe results of current study have important implications for executives performing M&A for growth. They show that the market reaction to M&A announcement can be at least partially anticipated and help managers to plan their strategic moves based on a defined set of variables.Social implicationsThe study contributes to the sustainable, value-creating growth dynamics and encourages Executives to “lead for value.”Originality/value(1) In contrast to the existing studies that do not differentiate between the transaction rationale in their analysis, this paper focuses explicitly only on those acquisitions that have strategic growth as their primary objective and responses therefore, to the problem stated by Halpern (1983). This approach helps to mitigate the distortion of results and make a reliable assessment of the strategic move. (2) The results of quantitative analysis also outline that acquisition of mid-sized targets and larger degree of diversification (2-SIC, international focus) code were associated with higher value creation.研究目的本文旨在研究於第五和第六波的併購浪潮中為增長而作出的策略性收購的市場表現;本文亦概述在這些極其複雜的和極具挑戰性的公司交易中影響作收購公司的表現的主要因素.研究設計/方法/理念為了能進行定量分析,研究人員收集在第五及第六波的併購浪潮中以策略性增長為唯一目的的收購個案、建立一個獨特的數據樣本。研究人員首先以基於市場的事件研究法分析那些進行了收購的公司的表現,並以單變量/多變項迴歸分析法去試驗那幾個透過深入的文獻研究而找到的非會計的決定因素的影響.研究結果研究得出的新發現是、如果以增長為目的的策略性收購是於國際間完成及涉及收購中型公司的話,則這收購行動會給進行收購的公司帶來更多價值。而且、如果收購目標的產業與作收購公司的不太相關的話 (2-標準產業分類),收購行動會為進行收購的公司帶來更強的表現、特別是在國際環境下進行這收購行動.研究的原創性/價值(1) 有別於現時其它於其分析中不區分交易理由的研究，本文明確地表示只集中探討那些以帶來策略性增長為主要目標的收購；因此、本研究對 (哈爾彭，1983年)(Halpern, 1983) 陳述的問題作出了回應。本研究的理念有助於減輕我們對收購結果的曲解，從而讓我們對策略性行動能作出可靠的評估. (2) 定量分析的結果、亦概述了以中型公司為目標的收購及更大程度的多樣化 (2－標準產業分類、以國際為焦點) 代碼與創造更大價值是有關聯的。對日後研究的作用/實際影響本研究的結果對學術界及管理人員均具吸引力，亦為策略規劃提供一個額外的工具.對社會的影響本研究可帶來可持續的及可創造價值的增長動力，又可鼓勵行政主管採用以價值為本的領導方針.