Log in

Relevant bibliographies by topics / 福利性 / Journal articles

To see the other types of publications on this topic, follow the link: 福利性.

Journal articles on the topic '福利性'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 13 February 2022

Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles

Select a source type:

Consult the top 50 journal articles for your research on the topic '福利性.'

Next to every source in the list of references, there is an 'Add to bibliography' button. Press on it, and we will generate automatically the bibliographic reference to the chosen work in the citation style you need: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.

You can also download the full text of the academic publication as pdf and read online its abstract whenever available in the metadata.

Browse journal articles on a wide variety of disciplines and organise your bibliography correctly.

1

莫, 邦豪, and 继同刘. "中国特色: 经济市场化与福利社会化." Hong Kong Journal of Social Work 32, no. 01 (January 1998): 33–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219246298000047.

Full text

Abstract:

经济体制改革令市民对福利之需要与供应发生重大改变。经济市场化引导福利向社会化发展。其原则分实践、理论和哲学三个层次。服务策略是：福利供应范围扩大化；多元化兴办福利事业；倡导自助和社会互助；资金来源多元化；福利供应 “地方化” 和 “社区化” ；培育社会服务市场；建立发展功能的福利制度。福利社会化实质是福利制度之创新，社会化的福利供应是过渡性质的福利，目标是建立含有 “发展取向” 的社会福利制度。 Recent structural economic reforms in China have had an enormous impact on the demand and supply of welfare services. The socialist economy is moving towards a market orientation and, as a result, welfare services need to be socialized. "Socialized welfare" can be understood from practical, theoretical and philosophical perspectives. In terms of service strategies, a mixed economy of welfare is preferred. "Socialized welfare" is in fact a reformed welfare system, the nature of welfare by socialized welfare provided is transitional, the primary objective of which is to build a developmental social welfare system.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

2

ZHU, WENJUN JUNE, MONIT CHEUNG, and PATRICK LEUNG. "CHILD WELFARE POLICY REFORM IN CHINA: HISTORICAL MILESTONES AND CURRENT EVALUATIONS." Hong Kong Journal of Social Work 50, no. 01n02 (January 2016): 27–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219246216000048.

Full text

Abstract:

Policy milestones from 1962 to 2015 highlight China's child welfare policy development in terms of its major implementation eras, characteristics, strengths, and limitations in policy enforcement. This review captures information from government and NGO reports published in the past four decades since the formalization of the one-child policy in China. In the 1960s, as population control was determined an urgent national priority, China's central government started to examine child developmental needs as a way to alert the public about future family issues. Since then, China's child welfare policy development has been characterized by an economy-driven, government-operated, localized, and healthy-child-focused system. The applicability of the public welfare laws in China has been in line with its policy focus on child protection and ending poverty. Policy reform guidelines are proposed to focus on promoting child and family welfare. 中國兒童福利政策於1962年至2015年期間的發展里程碑，是一份分析兒童福利政策的最佳資料，解釋了兒童福利政策在中國的階段性實施，以及每個階段制定的兒童福利政策的特點和利弊。這篇論文收集并分析了從一孩政策頒布伊始至今四十餘載的政府公報和非政府組織的報告。在20世紀60年代，中國中央政府將控制人口的急劇增長定位為社會發展的當務之急，並開始研究兒童發展的需求，以提升對未來家庭問題的警覺性。從此，中國的兒童福利政策的發展凸顯出經濟驅動的、政府運作的、地區差異化的、強調兒童健康成長環境重要性的特點。中國社會公共福利政策的立法呼應了中國兒童福利政策中保護兒童和消除貧困這一中心思想。政府部門在日後編寫政策改革的導論時，必須提出如何推進兒童和家庭福利政策的完善

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

3

CHAN, FUNG YI, and SHUK FAN CHU. "INTERPRETING WORKERS' RESISTANCE TO WELFARE "REFORM"." Hong Kong Journal of Social Work 36, no. 01n02 (January 2002): 113–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219246202000086.

Full text

Abstract:

This article presents and analyses the background to the resistance of many frontline welfare practitioners against the recent introduction of reforms to the welfare management and subvention system and process in Hong Kong. The "progress" discourse optimistically engaged in by the government is challenged by a rather pessimistic assessment by workers, accompanied by a strong critique of the compromises welfare management groups have agreed to when accepting the Lump Sum Grant proposal. The context of the reform is interpreted as a strategic repositioning by the post-1997 government, intent at rebuilding its legitimacy and re-assigning the role of the welfare sector within its vision for the future. In the course of a long conversation between the two authors, one an academic, the other a core organiser in the "Alliance for the Protection of Welfare" several important areas of discourse were touched upon: the nature of welfare and its normative underpinning; social workers' struggle to relocate themselves within the emerging managerial paradigm; the search for an environment in which dialogue between the various parties would allow open negotiation about a more positive reform of the welfare system. The relationships among workers, management, government and service users are interpreted within a historical perspective, looking back at the constitution of the problem on both the level of Hong Kong as well as, more theoretically, on the level of (Western) welfare states. 近日香港政府提出社会福利管理及津助制度的「改革」，受到前线同工大力反对。本文旨在勾画出相关的背景脉络，以助了解同工的「悲观」判断怎样质疑官方铺陈的乐观「进步」论，及批评管理阶层在接纳一笔过拨款上的妥协态度，展示当中蕴含的重要议题。改革的背景被理解作九七后特区政权的策略性再定位，在新的发展远景下以重建管治的合法性，亦重新厘订社会福利的角色。本篇文稿是由学院成员与「捍卫社会福利大联盟」的组织者合撰，透过真诚的详谈，尝试剖析以下范畴：福利的性质及价值规范、在管理典范逐渐形成下前线社会工作员的挣扎、及寻求一个有利对话的环境，以促进开放的态度磋商较具积极意义的福利改革。在探讨前线同工、管理阶层、政府及服务使用者的多角关系时，更从历史的进程思考如何构成现今的问题，当中涉及香港的独特环境及西方社会福利国家的理念性讨论。

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

4

LEUNG, LAI CHING, and KAM WAH CHAN. "THE "NEW OPIUM WAR": WELFARE DEPENDENCY OF LONE MOTHERS IN HONG KONG?" Hong Kong Journal of Social Work 32, no. 02 (January 1998): 117–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219246298000126.

Full text

Abstract:

Welfare dependency is becoming a conspicuous problem in Hong Kong. Welfare claimants are accused of being overly dependent on welfare and lacking incentive to work. Welfare is even equated with "spiritual opium", that which erodes work incentive. Lone parents and the unemployed are among the groups blamed the most. This paper produces evidence, based on our research on lone mothers in Hong Kong, to refute the accusation of welfare dependency. The arguments that lone mothers are consciously maximising their social security benefits and that they are better off on benefit, as postulated in rational choice theory, is fallacious. We should therefore try to understand the welfare dependency of lone mothers not by reference to an alleged "dependency culture", but rather through a more holistic appreciation of the interactions among a variety of structural forces such as discrimination in the labour market, gender inequality in marital relation, low wages, inadequate child care facilities and the poverty traps within the social security system. 近年福利开支的增长逐渐成为香港社会的热门话题，有人提出「综援养懒人」的论说，甚至有立法局议员将社会福利等同于「精神鸦片」，批评福利发展会削弱人的工作意愿，以致过分依赖社会福利。在这个讨论中有些社群成为被攻击的对象，例如单亲家庭、失业人士等，因为这些社群领取综援的增幅较大。本文作者曾进行几项有关单亲母亲的研究。建基于这些研究，本文铺陈出有关理据驳斥单亲母亲过分依赖综援的论说，资料显示单亲母亲并非福利太好而作出放弃工作、依赖综援的「理性选择」。反之，因为种种结构性的因素如传统的性别观念、缺乏工作机会、低工资、缺乏劳工保障、性别及年龄歧视、家庭责任歧视、缺乏幼儿服务、家庭支援服务不足、缺乏房屋服务等，以致单亲母亲被困于贫穷中。要解决这个问题，我们需要改善有关服务及各服务间的相互配合，而非靠削减综援金额。

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

5

杨罗, 观翠, and 伟锦余. "香港政府的福利信念与医疗融资改革." Hong Kong Journal of Social Work 34, no. 01n02 (January 2000): 43–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s021924620000005x.

Full text

Abstract:

本文的目的，是讨论香港政府的福利信念，并探讨其如何表现于香港医疗融资改革的发展。全文共分为两部份。前部份将介绍香港政府的「积极不干预政策」的基本特性及其所志決保卫的四项「社会福利发展禁区」；而后半部份则引用香港政府多项医疗改革的建议为案例，阐释其维持这些「社会福利发展禁区」的策略。 The aim of this paper is to discuss the Hong Kong government's welfare philosophy and how it is manifested in the reforms of the medical finance. It is mainly divided into two parts. The first part introduces the positive non-interventionalism upheld by the Hong Kong government and how it is related to the four "prohibited areas" to the development of social welfare. The second part illustrates the Hong Kong government's strategy for strengthening these "prohibited areas" with reference to the reforms of the medical finance.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

6

卢, 玉绵. "关于电力企业薪酬福利管理的思路探索." 财经与管理 2, no. 8 (December 5, 2018): 309. http://dx.doi.org/10.26549/cjygl.v2i8.1255.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

7

陈, 志超, and 在水于. "浅谈企业人力资源管理中的薪酬管理." 国际教育论坛 2, no. 4 (April 30, 2020): 44. http://dx.doi.org/10.32629/jief.v2i4.1175.

Full text

Abstract:

现阶段，中国的经济发展速度非常快。在劳动价值回报方面，人们不仅要求更高的工资，也要求更高的福利待遇。薪酬福利激励机制是企业人力资源管理中一个重要的组成部分。合理的薪酬不仅能使企业形成良好的工作氛围，还能激发员工的工作积极性，吸引更多的高素质人才，使企业获得更好的经济效益。本文主要分析了薪酬管理在企业人力资源管理中的重要性，研究了企业人力资源管理的现状，探索了薪酬管理在企业人力资源管理中的创新措施。

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

8

蘇, 細清. "從〔社會排斥〕到〔社會融合〕談中國社會福利政策的取向：." Hong Kong Journal of Social Work 43, no. 01 (January 2009): 31–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219246209000059.

Full text

Abstract:

本文通過對歐洲社會福利政策研究中社會排斥和社會融合取向的作用進行簡要的歷史回顧，並反思社會排斥為主的福利政策研究取向對中國福利政策研究的影響。通過對有關農民工社會福利制度現狀的研究文獻綜述，筆者發現，大多數的研究實際上都是取自社會排斥角度，在探討社會排斥研究模式可能在中國社會福利研究體系中可能存在的困難和不足，筆者提出重新整合社會排斥和社會融合的必要性。第一，整合社會融合的研究模式與中國政府提出的社會和諧目的相一致；第二，整合社會融合的研究模式凸顯社會資本在幫助農民工融入城市的重要作用，有利於減少社會因福利支出而增加的經濟負擔，容易為政府所接受；第三，整合社會融合的研究模式可以進一步促進福利主體間的合作，包括與政府的合作，市民社會之間的協作和融合等；第四，整合社會融合的研究模式有助於政策研究者有技巧和彈性地與政府溝通，有助於政策的落實與實現；最後，整合社會融合的研究模式有助於發展農民工在城市中的代言人，如社會工作者隊伍和 NGO 機構等。 This article begins with historical review on the roles of social exclusion and social inclusion in social welfare policy research in European area. And then critical reflect on the difficulties of social-exclusion-focused research model which domains the Chinese social welfare policy area. Basing on the literature review, through discussing on the current difficulties and insufficiencies of peasant workers' social welfare in China, the integrated model which should view social inclusion and social exclusion as one whole to be social welfare policy research model was proposed to meet the ultimate goal of social welfare policy. The importance of the integrated model was also discussed in the article as: First, integrating social inclusion perspective is consistent with the social harmony tenet which is highlighted by government; Second, integrating social inclusion perspective pays more attention on the functions of social capitals which may play an important role in facilitating peasant workers to adapt to urban cities, at the same time, social capitals may reduce the social welfare economic burden which can be easily accepted by government and facilitate the collaboration with government. Third, integrating social inclusion into social welfare policy research may facilitate the collaboration with government and reduce the tension between urban and rural. Forth, under the integrated model, social welfare policy researches may communicate with government flexibly and get more government support to make the policy realized; and finally, the agencies who can stand for the voices of peasant workers, such as social work team, NGO institutions can be developed rapidly.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

9

刘, 美春. "社会保险在企业人力资源管理中的积极作用分析." 财经与管理 3, no. 7 (November 25, 2019): 15. http://dx.doi.org/10.26549/cjygl.v3i7.2873.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

10

LEUNG, JOE C. B. "THE ADVENT OF MANAGERIALISM IN SOCIAL WELFARE: THE CASE OF HONG KONG." Hong Kong Journal of Social Work 36, no. 01n02 (January 2002): 61–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219246202000050.

Full text

Abstract:

Non-governmental organisations (NGOs) have been the major provider of social welfare services in Hong Kong. Facing an economic downturn, the Hong Kong government decides to enhance cost-effectiveness and accountability in social service through the introduction of market values and business management practices. Market-oriented practices include contracting out, competitive bidding, performance monitoring and lump-sum grant. The appeal of these practices lies in the possibility of lowering costs, but their long-term effect on quality and stability of services is largely uncertain. With the emergence of competition and deregulation in social welfare, NGOs have to face formidable challenges to change their traditional philosophies and mode of operations. The reform implicates the redefinition of the relationship between the government and NGOs, and between social workers and their NGO employers. This paper points out the need to adopt a cautious and consensus approach to introduce welfare reforms. 非政府机构为香港社会福利的最大提供者。面对经济不景，香港政府决定引入市场导向和工商管理的措施，以提高社会服务的成本效益和问责性。市场导向的措施包括外判、投标、表现监察及一笔过拨款。这些措施吸引人的地方是可以降低成本，但长此下去可能影响服务质素和稳定性。随著出现竞争和取消管制，非政府机构将要改变其固有的哲学和运作的方式。福利改革重新订定政府和非政府机构的关系，亦改变社工的雇佣的关系。本文指出在福利改革中，有需要采取审慎的态度去寻求共识。

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

11

郭, 新泽. "某现浇箱梁临时支撑结构安全性分析." 工程技术研究 2, no. 7 (December 1, 2020): 25–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.36012/etr.v2i7.2185.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

12

苏, 锦俊. "构建福建省本科高校教育国际化评价指标体系及现况分析." 商业创新期刊 1, no. 1 (July 1, 2019): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.52288/jbi.26636204.2019.07.01.

Full text

Abstract:

高等教育国际化在未来将会成为高校发展的方向，尤其在未来中国大陆高校的发展上扮演了重要的角色。当前，福建省高校国际化的发展还不是十分令人满意，因而，构建出一套适用于福建省本科高校的国际化评价指标体系，并针对福建省应用型大学的国际化进行分析，对于推进福建省高校国际化进程以及提升福建省高校的教育竞争力是十分有意义的。本文应用文献分析法，通过对中外文献及机构提出的高校国际化评价指标体系的整理，并结合福建省高等教育发展面临的具体问题，初步构建出了一套评价体系，而后利用德尔菲法，最终设计出了一套福建省本科高校教育国际化评价指标体系。该体系包括了5项一级指标，他们分别是战略及理念、人员流动、合作办学、教学与课程、学术交流，以及22项二级指标。最后比较了公立院校和私立院校的教师在二级指标重要性方面的不同重点，并提出研究结论与发展。

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

13

张, 霁月. "新个税政策下员工个税筹划问题研究." 经济管理研究 2, no. 4 (December 6, 2020): 69–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.36012/emr.v2i4.2270.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

14

谢, 元态, 妍. 王, and 练军李. "人口大国的社会保障：世界性难题与贡献." 财经与管理 4, no. 6 (July 3, 2020): 14. http://dx.doi.org/10.26549/cjygl.v4i6.3850.

Full text

Abstract:

社会保障问题一直是全球关注的焦点。首先，论文阐述了中国 14 亿人口大国的社会保障是世界性难题，其难点包括：人口规模是世界最大；人口老龄化在不断加速；体系建立时间短和基础差；保障体系多轨制和碎片化；农村社会保障体系不完善；中国农村贫困人口规模十分庞大。其次，聚焦人口老龄化是社会保障体系必须关注的难点之一，分别阐述人口老龄化对社会养老保险的影响和对社会医疗保障的影响。再次，探讨了中国社会保障的伟大成就和世界性贡献，即保障了世界近 1/5 人口基本生活，实现了“两不愁三保障”，提高了 14 亿人福利水平，让“幸福指数”越来越高。社会保障体系的日益完善，为世界提供“模式”。最后，提出中国特色社会主义的社会保障制度应当坚持“以民为本、公平正义；政府主导、举国体制；立法保障、社会参与；特色、城乡一体”原则，打造特色鲜明的“模式”。

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

15

孙, 海滨, and 云前崔. "农村中学教师职业倦怠与学校管理策略." 国际教育论坛 2, no. 4 (April 30, 2020): 186. http://dx.doi.org/10.32629/jief.v2i4.1305.

Full text

Abstract:

职业倦怠是个体不能顺利应对工作压力时的一种极端反应，是个体伴随于长期压力体验下而产生的情感、态度和行为衰竭状态。在广大的农村中学中，由于地域环境、工作条件、生源质量、福利待遇等因素，相较于城镇学校教师承受了更多更大的压力。因此农村教师的职业倦怠问题虽然没有达到很严重的程度，但更具有相当的普遍性。主要表现在，心理上害怕或故意避免参与竞争，失去工作乐趣，长期处于挫折沮丧状态，对工作任务产生厌倦和抵触；生理上身体处于“亚健康状态”，食欲不振、睡眠质量下降、活动力缺乏；行为上表现为工作敷衍了事，情绪波动大，缺乏进取心，工作仅仅是谋生的手段。

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

16

刘, 继. 同. "文献回顾: 中国社工教育发展十个重要课题的批判分析." Hong Kong Journal of Social Work 37, no. 01 (January 2003): 41–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219246203000056.

Full text

Abstract:

中国内地社会工作教育的恢复和发展已走过年辉煌历程，取得令人注目的成就。在经济市场化和福利社会化处境下，中国内地社会工作教育发展面临诸多争论议题和两难选择。本文从文献回顾角度，明确提出中国内地社会工作教育发展的十个重要课题，简要回顾每个重要课题的历史发展，客观描述各种重要课题中的争论议题，全面分析不同重要课题面临的两难选择，理论概括中国社会工作教育发展基本关系的理想类型。本文的主要结论是，中国社会工作教育应更为及时有效地回应独特的中国社会环境和变迁的社会需要，建立与政府决策部门、正规社会福利服务机构和非政府组织之间的制度性伙伴关系。 The revival and development of the social work education in China underwent a brilliant process and attained evident achievements in the past 20 years. In the contextual moves towards market orientation and welfare towards socialisation, the social work education faces debatable issues and dilemmas. In terms of literature review, the article clearly shows ten critical issues on the social work education development in China, briefly review their historical development, objectively describes all kinds of the debatable issues about them, comprehensively analyses the dilemmas in dealing with them and theoretically summarises the ideal category for them. The conclusion of the article is that the social work education in China must timely and effectively respond to the special environments and varying needs of Chinese society and establish the partnership with the policy-making governmental departments, official welfare organisations and NGO in Chinese society.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

17

KO, GRACE PO-CHEE. "UNRELATED ADOPTION IN HONG KONG: PROFILE AND EMERGING ISSUES." Hong Kong Journal of Social Work 33, no. 01n02 (January 1999): 23–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219246299000030.

Full text

Abstract:

This is the first systematic study of adoption in Hong Kong. It examines the changing profile of non-relative adoption in 1987 to 1993 as shown by the files of 486 successful non-relative adoption cases that were analysed. Characteristics of the adoptive parents, the birth parents and the adopted children are presented in descriptive statistics and their inter-relationships are pointed out. The findings are discussed in the light of the changing scene of adoption work against the socio-economic-political background of Hong Kong. A series of recommendations, based on the findings of the study, to the Social Welfare Department are made. 这是香港第一个对领养作有系统的研究。本文分析了486个文件夹，并勾划出1987至1993年间非亲属领养在转变中的剪影。本文更发表了有关领养父母、生父母及被领养儿童的特徵和描述性统计数据，更指出了其间的关系。就研究所得结果，以社会、经济和政治作背景，本文讨论了领养工作在香港的改变，也向社会福利署作出了连串的建议。

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

18

Tait MacDonald, William. "Do Japanese Medical Students Benefit from English Etymological Instruction?" Language Teacher 40, no. 5 (September 1, 2016): 3. http://dx.doi.org/10.37546/jalttlt40.5-1.

Full text

Abstract:

Etymological instruction (EI) possesses high face validity for both students and teachers. Research on the benefits of EI has produced mixed results, and very little of it has been done in validating this form of instruction in Japan. This study of 147 students at Fukui University’s Faculty of Medical Sciences investigated two of the perceived benefits of EI. The experimental group received approximately 330 minutes of EI. The test performance of the control and experimental groups was analyzed using regression analysis and Pearson’s product moment correlation across a range of medical terminology questions. There was no statistically significant difference between the control and experimental group. There was no indication that Japanese students were manifesting two of the benefits traditionally associated with EI. Further research is required in order to identify the reasons why EI is not producing the expected benefits. 語源を使った教授法には一定の妥当性があり、これまで学生と教師の両者にとって妥当であるように思われてきた。しかし、先行研究ではその妥当性についての評価は分かれており、日本においてこの解説の妥当性を検証した研究は非常に少ない。本研究では福井大学医学部の147名の学生を対象に、語源を解説する2つの利点を分析した。実験において処理群は約330分の医療用語の語源に関する解説を聞く。そのあと医療用語に関する試験を行い、語源の解説を聞いた処理群とそうでない対照群とのパフォーマンスの違いを回帰分析とピアソンの積率相関係数を使って分析した。分析の結果、処理群と対照群では試験の点数について統計的な有意差は生じなかった。日本人学生を対象とした本研究では、これまで伝統的に言われてきた語源解説の２つの利点を支持する結果は得られなかった。語源解説の利点について、期待される結果が得られなかった原因を特定するためにはさらなる研究が必要である。

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

19

BATTIN, Margaret P. "早走，晚走: 關於艾滋病中自殺決策的合理性." International Journal of Chinese & Comparative Philosophy of Medicine 1, no. 4 (January 1, 1998): 141–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.24112/ijccpm.11353.

Full text

Abstract:

LANGUAGE NOTE | Document text in Chinese對於那些即將死於艾滋病的人來說，在自殺協助可以得到的地方，如美國西海岸的同性戀社區和荷蘭，我們必須考察醫生和朋友（包括情人、配偶、家庭成員、宗教顧問、支持團體的成員，以及其他熟人）在協助一個艾滋病患者決定和行使自殺的過程中所起的不同作用。本文作出一個中心假定：在自殺協助可以獲得的地方，盡可能地保護和加強選擇的合理性是他人的道德義務。在關於艾滋病中自殺的理性選擇中，可以識別出四種成分－－不管它是贊成自殺的選擇還是反對自殺的選擇。艾滋病患者可能自問的問題可以表述如下：（1）“自殺是我想考慮的選擇嗎？”（2）“我應當保留治愈的機會嗎？”（3）“我應如何確定自殺的時間？”（4）“我將給他人的幸福和利益以何種份量？”儘管醫生經常作出與（1）相關的斷言，但他們恰當地涉及的只是（3）；儘管朋友和親密的伙伴經常提供給病人與（3）相關的趣聞軼事，但他們主要涉及的是（1）。簡言之，醫生和病人經常干預艾滋病患者就自殺所作出的選擇的錯誤部分。DOWNLOAD HISTORY | This article has been downloaded 16 times in Digital Commons before migrating into this platform.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

20

唐, 彩瑩. "危機管理模式 ― 總結在 SARS 疫區提供家居照顧的經驗." Hong Kong Journal of Social Work 38, no. 01n02 (January 2004): 123–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219246204000099.

Full text

Abstract:

本文嘗試比較兩個危機管理模式，其一是香港家庭福利會“綜合家居照顧服務隊”在2003年SARS 於牛頭角下邨及淘大花園爆發時，總結和歸納出來的一個“危機管理實戰模式”。另一個是 Gonzalez Herrerom 及 Pratt (1995) 建立的一個“危機管理概略模式”。實戰模式更針對其缺漏加以修正和完善，嘗試把概念和實戰經驗融合。經修正後，“實戰模式”的實用性，應可推及至由其他傳染病引致的危機管理上。 This article compared two crisis management models. One of the models — 'crisis management practice model' is formulated from the practical crisis management experiences of the integrated home care service center during the SARS attack in 2003. It is based on the service delivery in the two most affected areas, the Lower Ngau Tau Kok Estate and the Amoy Garden. The other model is a four-phase 'crisis management conceptual process model' developed by Gonzalez Herrerom and Pratt (1995). The practice model is further consolidated, enriched and refined in view of the Gonzalez Herrerom and Pratt's model to integrate the conceptual and practical aspects. Its applicability can be extended to other crisis caused by outbreak from other infectious diseases.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

21

Endo, Hisao. "Nonprofit Organizations and the Quality of Service in Health Care Sector." Iryo To Shakai 5, no. 1 (1995): 27–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.4091/iken1991.5.1_27.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

22

沈, 濛. "马斯洛需要层次理论在企业招聘工作中的应用." 经济学 3, no. 4 (August 31, 2020): 51. http://dx.doi.org/10.32629/ej.v3i4.491.

Full text

Abstract:

随着社会经济的发展,企业的不断转型升级,人力资源在企业的发展中起到举足轻重的作用。企业是否具有长远发展的动力、能否实现可持续发展,都依赖于能否吸引和留住优秀可靠的人力资源。面对当下日益突出的劳动力供需矛盾的发展形势,企业管理者要用全新的思路来看待企业中最重要的资源——人力资源。创建新时代企业人力资源管理新模式,完善和改进每一个管理领域和管理手段的旧模式势在必行。人力资源管理的六大模块均存在创新的可能性,如人力资源规划、招聘、薪酬福利管理、员工教育培训开发、绩效管理、劳动关系管理。任何一项任务的开发管理理念、制度、模式、方式、方法等都可能创新。最有效、最便捷的方式就是创新企业人力资源管理招聘工作的方式和方法,对优秀人才形成足够大的吸引力,巩固现有人才的激励机制,为企业建立一支高质量的人力资源队伍。

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

23

WANG, Yungling. "對虐貓事件的儒家生命倫理學思考——兼論動物權利." International Journal of Chinese & Comparative Philosophy of Medicine 5, no. 2 (January 1, 2007): 65–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.24112/ijccpm.51445.

Full text

Abstract:

LANGUAGE NOTE | Document text in Chinese; abstract also in English.二O O 六年春，中國發生了一次女子虐貓引發民眾憤怒的事件。許多批評者措詞激烈，不少媒體也介入了對該事件的報道和評論。在這種報道和評論中，包括記者和專家在內，幾乎毫無例外地對女子虐貓的行為給予了否定，他們認為女子虐貓行為殘忍變態，激進者認為虐貓行為侵犯動物權利，中國應當對動物權利保護立法。但是這些認識和評論或者源於生活經驗，或者源於道德直覺，或者源於糢糊不清的道德認知，卻缺乏其正理性的深入的哲學或者倫理學思考，在儒家生命倫理學看來是荒謬的。對動物權利的主張起源於動物保護運動，今天的主要代表人物是辛格和湯姆．雷根 (Tom Regan)。但在儒家生命倫理學看來，他們關於動物與人平等和動物享有權利的觀點都是站不住腳的。儒家生命倫理學認為，萬物之中人為貴，人的地位無可爭辯地高於動物。儒家思想家幾乎從來沒有把動物放在與人平等的地位上加以考慮，而是把人放在差等之愛的最高地位。此外，在儒家思想體系中，動物不但地位低下，而且其心智、認識、行為均不可與人相比。儒家思想家會同意湯姆．雷根關於人是“生活的主體”的觀點，但卻不承認動物也能成為“生活的主體”，理由很簡單，動物沒有父子之親，沒有男女之別，沒有行為規範。儒家經典著作認為，人獸之別，還在於人有禮，而動物則沒有。在儒家看來，道德與倫理只與人類生活有關，而與動物無闕，人與動物的關係不能成為道德之一倫。總之，動物權利無法得到儒家生命倫理學的辯護。動物權利論危害甚大。抬高動物的權利地位，其實質就是降低人類的權利地位，傷害人類，或者說反人類。主張為動物權利或動物福利立法，是十分危險的事情。In the spring of 2006, a Chinese woman maltreated a cat and caused indignation in Chinese society. Many individuals launched critiques on the woman with severe tongue, and public media took part in the report and critique of the incident. Some individuals argue that the woman infringed animal rights and the Chinese government should formulate a law to protect animal rights. This essay draws on Confucian moral and intellectual resources to contend that animals do not have rights and the Chinese government should not issue any law on animal rights.The proposition of animal rights came from the modern Western "animal-protecting movement". The primary representative scholars who attempt to argue for animal rights are Peter Singer and Tom Regan: they hold that human beings and animals are equal and animals should have rights. This view, however, cannot fit into Confucian bioethics. On the Confucian view, human beings are the noblest beings in the world. The status of human being is without question higher than the status of animals. Confucian scholars would never give a position to animals that would be same as human beings. Although Confucian scholars can agree with Tom Regan on the view that human beings are "the subjects of life," they cannot accept the view that animals could be "the subjects of life." The Confucian arguments are very clear: Animals do not have the virtue of qin (intimacy) between the father and the son; they do not have the virtue of bie (difference) between the male and the female; and they do not have behavior norms (de). In short, human beings and animals are essentially difference, on Confucianism, because human beings can cultivate the virtues based on the practice of rituals (li, 禮), while animals do not have the practice of rituals at all. Accordingly, from the Confucian perspective, morality or ethics is only related with human life, but is outside of animal life. The relationship between human beings and animals does not belong to the moral relationship. In a word, animal rights cannot be accepted by Confucian bioethics.Upholding animal rights is consequently undesirable. Heightening animal status is equivalent to debasing human status. This is to harm human beings. This paper concludes that legalizing animal rights is very dangerous.DOWNLOAD HISTORY | This article has been downloaded 169 times in Digital Commons before migrating into this platform.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

24

AOYAMA, Yasuko. "The Validity and Problems of Community Services for Elderly People." Contemporary Sociological Studies 12 (1999): 54–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.7129/jject.12.54.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

25

ENGELHARDT, H. Tristram. "走向中國生命倫理學——重審後基礎之醫學道德." International Journal of Chinese & Comparative Philosophy of Medicine 10, no. 1 (January 1, 2012): 11–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.24112/ijccpm.101510.

Full text

Abstract:

LANGUAGE NOTE | Document text in Chinese; abstract also in English.當代西方面臨多重挑戰，有些是理論層面的，有些是實踐層面的。目前佔主導地位的西方世俗文化的普世主義的道德和生命倫理學工程認為道德基礎可以從道德哲學系統中的有效論證來獲得。這種思維方式源於西元前5 世紀希臘的世俗化，並在13 世紀的西方獲得新生。其後的體系基於對理性的信仰，喪失了維繫西方基督教信仰的承諾，導致康德的理性主義道德工程。1970 和80 年代出現的西方生命倫理學對個體自主性的強調試圖得到這一道德工程的印證，但這種努力已經擱淺：期望依賴普世主義的術語，通過有效理性論證來確保具體內容的所有嘗試，到頭來都不過是乞題論證、循壞論證、或無窮後退，因為人們沒有可能通過對基本前提和證據規則的理性反思來必然地達成共識。人們總是需要進一步的背景前提和規則。從歷史的脈絡來看，一旦西方世俗道德反思拋棄其上帝之眼的視角，標杆化的世俗道德體系就會陷入麻煩。一切強調無名氏的道德視角，無論是以沒有境遇的道德主體身份出現，還是以大多數人的最大利益原則出現，都無法提出標杆化的規範內容。文章認為，西方現代社會-民主制福利國家醫療資源的配置方式所引發的財政上的不可持續的危機帶來三個基本難題：(1) 醫療權利一旦確立，它們所帶來的道德風險；(2) 依靠後人為今人交付醫療服務的做法所帶來的人口風險；(3) 社會保險計劃誘發政治家玩弄空頭支票所帶來的政治風險。西方社會所面臨的危機，無論是經濟上的，還是文化上的，都為我們提供了很好的理由說明我們需要重新考量構建在中國文化視域下的、更有能力迎接21 世紀倫理學挑戰的生命倫理學。Unnoticed by many bioethicists, the very foundations of the dominant Western secular morality, and by extension the foundations of the dominant secular bioethics of the West, have been brought into question. After Immanuel Kant (1724-1804) and in the light of arguments by philosophers from G.W.F. Hegel (1770-1831) to Richard Rorty (1931-2007) and Gianni Vattimo (1936-), it has become ever clearer that neither the content of the dominant Western secular morality nor the content of the dominant Western bioethics can be secured as canonical through sound rational argument. Western secular morality and Western secular bioethics have become foundationless. They are not secured by a canonical moral rationality or by being anchored in being as it is in itself. Theimplications are wide-ranging. This paper sketches both what it means to do bioethics after foundations, and what opportunities exist for rethinking the possibilities for a Chinese bioethics.Among the difficulties of the Enlightenment moral project is that it attempted to understand individuals in anonymously universalist terms. To do this, individuals had to be considered outside of their social and historical contexts. They were as a consequence portrayed as bare moral agents. This is most saliently the case with Immanuel Kant, who understands his morality in terms of the kingdom of ends, within which all members, save God, are fully interchangeable. The members of the kingdom of ends are persons without sex, sexual orientation, species-membership, history, or family. This state of affairs is tied to a universalist, egalitarian vision of persons and society, which in the West has been understood in terms of a social-democratic morality and political agenda. The difficulty is that it is now clear that there is a challenge to the financial sustainability of healthcare allocation within social-democratic welfare states. The difficulties stem from at least three challenges to its sustainability: (1) the moral hazard due to the inclination to overuse entitlements once they are established, (2) the demographic hazard due to relying on future generations to pay for the health care of current recipients (i.e., when there are fewer children, financing becomes difficult), and (3) the political hazard due to social insurance schemes that reward politicians for promising benefits even when sufficient funds may not be available.For scholars doing bioethics in China, this state of affairs means that Chinese bioethicists are freed from having to meet secular Western bioethicists on the terms established by secular Western bioethicists. Instead, they can fashion an authentically Chinese bioethics, which nests its own moral commitments within the traditional Confucian moral narrative of China. A Chinese bioethics need not, and should not, in content or form be like the bioethics of the dominant secular morality and bioethics of the West. Given the character of secular morality and bioethics, given its inability to establish a universal, canonical morality through sound rational argument, as well as given the particularity of all morality and bioethics that possesses content, and given the promising moral content salient in Chinese culture, a move by Chinese to establish a Chinese bioethics becomes quite plausible.DOWNLOAD HISTORY | This article has been downloaded 46 times in Digital Commons before migrating into this platform.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

26

Ocampo, Merissa. "Self-Disclosure through Self-Compassion: A Window on the Mind of Teachers." JALT Postconference Publication - Issue 2020.1; August 2021 2020, no. 1 (August 1, 2021): 45. http://dx.doi.org/10.37546/jaltpcp2020-06.

Full text

Abstract:

This paper draws upon four intimate case studies of non-Japanese full-time English teachers based in Tokyo, identifying ongoing workplace stressors and lifestyle adjustments that impact teachers’ professional performance and private life satisfaction. The study employed narrative group work, eight-week meditation, and solicited diaries to examine self-compassion, self-care techniques and self-compassion fatigue, and overall psychological and emotional well-being of the participants. Specific sources of participants’ exhaustion are identified, including pressures brought about by limited sources of teaching materials, the language barrier, and the need to teach in at least four different schools in a day. At the same time, it was revealed that emotional connection with colleagues, frequent communication with family, and meditation helped them to accept these problems positively. The benefits and associated challenges of using self-compassion techniques and mindfulness with education professionals are also discussed in the paper. 本研究は、東京に拠点を置く外国人英語講師を対象とした四つの事例研究を提示する中で、講師の職業上の専門性と私生活の満足度に影響を与える要因（職場のストレスやライフスタイルの変更）の特定をはかった。本研究では、ナラティブ・グループ・ワーク、8週間の瞑想、日記を用いた参加者の自己肯定、自己管理や共感疲労、そして全体的な心理的及び感情的な幸福感について調査した。特定された要因としては、教材が限られることによるプレッシャー、言葉の壁、そして、1日に少なくとも四つの学校で講義せざるを得ない実態があげられる。同時に、同僚との心の結びつきや、家族との頻繁なコミュニケーション、及び瞑想が、これらの問題を解決する助けになったことが明らかになった。本研究は、教育の専門家に自己肯定やマインドフルネスの方法を用いる利点と課題についても議論する。

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

27

GOTO, Akira. "A Study on Relationship between Happiness, Selfishness and the Attitude toward Nature." Joho Chishiki Gakkaishi 25, no. 2 (2015): 200–207. http://dx.doi.org/10.2964/jsik_2015_017.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

28

WANG, Caixia, ZHANG, and Shuo ZHANG. "儒家生命倫理視野下人工生殖倫理觀之構建." International Journal of Chinese & Comparative Philosophy of Medicine 9, no. 1 (January 1, 2011): 71–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.24112/ijccpm.91500.

Full text

Abstract:

LANGUAGE NOTE | Document text in Chinese; abstract also in English.隨著人工生殖技術的發展和應用，相伴而來的社會倫理問題也日益增多。為了使該技術真正做到以人為本、為人類的生存和發展而服務，及為人類的圓滿生活造福，探討和構建一種適應現代人工生殖技術發展和應用的倫理觀有十分逼切的需要，以指導並引領人工生殖的研究和運用及發揮技術的正面效應。儒家生命倫理以“仁愛”、“以義制利”、“天人合一”及對人類的終極關懷作為生命科技發展的最高價值判斷標準，為現代人工生殖倫理觀的構建提供了深厚的文化底蘊和理論依據。儒家生命倫理觀不僅能為該技術的應用提供價值標準，而且最重要的是能引領世人以理性的態度，從人與人、人與社會以及人與自然之間三個方面和對人的終極關懷、對現代生命科技發展及其應用進行反思，從人類整體的利益去認識現代生命科技的弊端和危害，從而調整人類自身行為，限制自身欲望，實現人類可持續發展。因此，重新認識和發掘儒家生命倫理思想，從儒家生命倫理視野下構建人工生殖倫理觀有著深遠的社會意義。With the development and application of artificial reproductive technology, humans are able to “artificially reproduce.” However, a series of ethical problems and conflicts have arisen from the practice of artificial reproduction, suggesting that modern artificial reproductive technology serves as a kind of “double-edged sword” – it provides both benefit and harm to human beings. How to attend to the ethical conflicts arising from artificial reproduction, and more importantly, how to develop adequate contemporary ethics to provide guidance to society regarding artificial reproduction, are crucially important ethical tasks that must be addressed. This essay argues that Confucian ethical wisdom and principles should be drawn upon to develop a legitimate Chinese bioethics and a suitable Confucian ethical construction of artificial reproduction in contemporary Chinese society.Based on Confucian ethical wisdom and insights, this essay argues that a Confucian ethical construction of artificial reproduction should include the following principles to direct relevant policy formulation and guide human conduct. The Confucian principle regarding human life is that humans are the most noble of all sentient beings. Regarding the relation between morality and benefit, Confucianism advocates a harmonious association, in which benefit should be pursued under the constraint of morality. Regarding a suitable view of nature, Confucian wisdom emphasizes the unity of Heaven and human – the Dao of Heaven is, in the metaphysical sense, followed by both nature and humanity. Regarding lives and things in the world, Confucianism upholds the ideal of honoring life and caring for things to create an ordered world. Regarding life and death, the Confucian vision is that life should be happy and death should be peaceful. Regarding one’s social responsibility, the Confucian principle is that one must follow the call of righteousness (yi) and should never violate righteousness for one’s self-interest. This essay argues that these valuable intellectual and moral resources should be drawn upon in shaping a contemporary Confucian ethical construction of artificial reproduction.DOWNLOAD HISTORY | This article has been downloaded 140 times in Digital Commons before migrating into this platform.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

29

KIM, Jongseok, Fumihito MIYAMOTO, and Hideki SHIMIZU. "THE PRESENT STOCKS OF WELFARE FACILITIES ON THE NATIONAL UNIVERSITY CAMPUSES." Journal of Architecture and Planning (Transactions of AIJ) 59, no. 458 (1994): 63–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.3130/aija.59.63_2.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

30

TAKASAKI, Tadakatsu, Akira KAWAMURA, Hideo AMAGUCHI, and Shigeyuki ISHIHARA. "RAIN-RUNOFF ANALYSIS OF THE ZENPUKUJI RIVER IN URBAN AREA FOR RIVER RECREATION." Journal of Japan Society of Civil Engineers, Ser. G (Environmental Research) 72, no. 5 (2016): I_297—I_303. http://dx.doi.org/10.2208/jscejer.72.i_297.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

31

MISHIMA, Sachiko, Mahito NAKAZONO, Nagisa ISHIBASHI, Sachiko YAMAMOTO, and Syohken KOH. "CONSTRUCTION PROCESS AND USE CHARACTERISTICS OF DAY CARE FACILITIES FOR THE ELDERLY BY SOCIAL WELFARE CORPORATION “SYAKAIFUKUSHI JIGYOUDAN”." Journal of Architecture and Planning (Transactions of AIJ) 82, no. 732 (2017): 353–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.3130/aija.82.353.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

32

MATSUKAWA, Fujio, Masami KUBOTA, Minoru KAMATA, Tokutarou IWASA, and Daisuke SAWADA. "1207 Experimental Consideration of Wheelchair Tie Down Method in Local Bus from Viewpoint of Safety and Usability." Proceedings of the Transportation and Logistics Conference 2008.17 (2008): 341–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmetld.2008.17.341.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

33

HAGANUMA, Sei, Tomoyoshi URABE, and Koichi ISHISAKA. "A STUDY ON THE REUSE CHARACTERISTIC OF WOODEN TEMPORARY HOUSING– A study on wooden temporary housing in fukushima prefecture after the tohoku earthquake –." Journal of Architecture and Planning (Transactions of AIJ) 80, no. 710 (2015): 813–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.3130/aija.80.813.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

34

IWAMI, Yasuko, Sayaka KOBAYASHI, Yasuyuki SHIBATA, Takeshi YAMASAKI, and Kiyoaki OZAKI. "Radioactive cesium concentrations in Barn Swallow Hirundo rustica nests throughout Japan just after the 2011 Fukushima Nuclear accident." Japanese Journal of Ornithology 64, no. 1 (2015): 63–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.3838/jjo.64.63.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

35

Yohda, Takahiro, Yusaku Tanaka, Atsushi Nishikawa, Satoshi Yamaguchi, Takahiro Nakayama, Kanako Ito, Fumio Miyazaki, et al. "2P1-N-126 Development and Evaluation of a Compact Oblique-Viewing Endoscope Robot for Laparoscopic Surgery(Medical and Welfare Robotics and Mechatronics 4,Mega-Integration in Robotics and Mechatronics to Assist Our Daily Lives)." Proceedings of JSME annual Conference on Robotics and Mechatronics (Robomec) 2005 (2005): 204. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmermd.2005.204_2.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

36

HIRASAWA, Takayuki, Yoshihiro SUDA, Daisuke YAMAGUCHI, Masahiko AKI, Yuya OTOWA, and Hisanori OMOTE. "3211 Examination on Design of Room for Energy Saving Small Urban Transport through Comfort Evaluation Modeling." Proceedings of the Transportation and Logistics Conference 2010.19 (2010): 309–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmetld.2010.19.309.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

37

Ikeda, S., F. Arai, T. Fukuda, M. Negoro, and I. Takahashi. "A Challenge to the frontier of Surgical Simulator for Intravascualr Neulosurgery : Visualization of Stress Distribution on Arterial Structure with Photoelastic Effect (3rd repot)." Proceedings of JSME annual Conference on Robotics and Mechatronics (Robomec) 2004 (2004): 125. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmermd.2004.125_2.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

38

Ikeda, Seiichi, Fumihito Arai, Toshio Fukuda, Eun Hun Kim, Makoto Negoro, and Ikuo Takahashi. "1P2-N-127 3-Dimensional Stress Analysis on An In Vitro Patient-Tailored Anatomical Model of Cerebral Artery with Photoelastic Effect(Medical and Welfare Robotics and Mechatronics 2,Mega-Integration in Robotics and Mechatronics to Assist Our Daily Lives)." Proceedings of JSME annual Conference on Robotics and Mechatronics (Robomec) 2005 (2005): 118. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmermd.2005.118_4.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

39

XU, Hanhui. "從儒家倫理學看“代孕”的道德性." International Journal of Chinese & Comparative Philosophy of Medicine 10, no. 1 (January 1, 2012): 41–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.24112/ijccpm.101512.

Full text

Abstract:

LANGUAGE NOTE | Document text in Chinese; abstract also in English.代孕（文中特指完全代孕）行為是指代理孕母接受不孕夫婦的受精卵，將其放入自己的子宮內，實現受孕，並經過十月懷胎，生出與自己無血緣關係的孩子的行為。代孕作為輔助生殖技術衍生技術，自產生之初，便飽受爭議。圍繞代孕產生的道德爭議包括：代孕生育是不是一種非自然的方式而應予以抵制？代理孕母出借子宮是否有損人的尊嚴？如果代孕合乎道德，是否能夠使其商業化？本文旨在從儒家倫理學出發，以“生生之德”、“仁者愛人”為代孕技術和代理孕母提供一種合理的辯護。從儒家倫理學的角度來看，代孕技術和代理孕母本身就是道德上正當的。代孕技術為不能生育的夫婦帶來希望，符合“生生之德”，是一種以人道補不足的措施；代理孕母更是為了他人的幸福甘願犧牲人利益，體現出崇高的道德價值。同時，本文嘗試用儒家生命倫理學的基本原則，即“貴生”、“仁愛”、“公義”、“和諧”四原則，為代孕行為做出規範。使得代孕能夠被更多的人所接受，促進社會福祉。Surrogacy, especially complete surrogacy, refers to a surrogate woman who accepts the fertilized egg of an infertile couple into her uterus to achieve pregnancy for that couple. In almost ten months she will give birth to a baby who belongs not to her but to the infertile couple. Such surrogacy, along with relevant assisted reproductive technology, has been highly controversial since its introduction. It is well known that important ethical issues surround such surrogacy, including: should such unnatural surrogacy be resisted or prohibited? Is lending one’s uterus in such surrogacy compatible with a proper notion of human dignity? If such surrogacy is morally acceptable, should it be commercialized?Since 2001, the Chinese Ministry of Health has completely banned the practice of such surrogacy through administrative regulations. However, this has merely produced an “underground” surrogate industry, but has not reduced the demand for surrogate mothers. This essay intends to defend surrogate technology and surrogate motherhood from the Confucian notion of “creative creativity” and “benevolent love.”Surrogate technology, which offers assistance to produce human life through artificial means, brings hope to infertile couples who wish to have children. This is in conformance with the Confucian notion of “creative creativity.” It provides an artificial way to make up for deficiencies in human natural reproduction. A surrogate mother is compassionate towards infertile families. She is willing to sacrifice her personal interests for the welfare of others, reflecting the lofty moral values of the Confucian tradition.In addition, this article appeals to certain basic Confucian ethical principles to address relevant issues. These principles include the principles of “cherishing life,” “benevolence,” “justice,” and “harmony.” The principle of cherishing life requires that every human being should have respect for and love life, and this is taken to be an inherent requirement of human nature in Confucian thought. The principle of benevolence refers to the requirement that everyone should care for others and follow the golden rule, namely, that one should not do to others what one does not want others to do oneself. Confucian justice is considered a basic virtue in social distribution, and government should take care of those who are unfortunate or vulnerable. In the medical field, this is particularly reflected in the equitable distribution of medical resources. The principle of harmony requires that each individual should have peaceful contact with others and get along with others in a friendly way; it also requires that everyone make important decisions together with their close family members in relevant medical contexts. Taking all of these principles together, the Chinese government should not ban surrogacy through administrative regulations. It is only proper to guide surrogate practices through certain rules and norms, so that the legitimate interests of both infertile couples and surrogate mothers can be adequately protected in terms of suitable Confucian ethical considerations.DOWNLOAD HISTORY | This article has been downloaded 1934 times in Digital Commons before migrating into this platform.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

40

王, 英颖. "设定受益计划的运用探索———以中国宁夏民生物业股份有限公司为例." 经济管理研究 2, no. 3 (September 1, 2020). http://dx.doi.org/10.36012/emr.v2i3.1781.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

41

Johnson, Mary. "快速检测结核病与利福平耐药性." 实验材料和方法 cn1 (January 1, 2011). http://dx.doi.org/10.13070/mm.cn.1.15.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

42

谢, 东明. "水利工程勘测设计质量管理问题浅析." 水电水利 2, no. 11 (November 30, 2018). http://dx.doi.org/10.32629/hwr.v2i11.1642.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

43

许, 家雄, 炳辉李, and 楚婷黄. "刍议我国社区居家养老服务产业化的运行困境及突破." 经济学 2, no. 6 (December 19, 2019). http://dx.doi.org/10.32629/ej.v2i6.280.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

44

牛, 伟容, 树武王, and 富民马. "基于双因素理论的中小企业95后员工流失探究." 国际教育论坛 2, no. 2 (May 19, 2020). http://dx.doi.org/10.32629/jief.v2i2.587.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

45

杨, 晓利. "富水砂卵石地层地连墙槽壁稳定规律研究." 建筑工程与管理 1, no. 4 (October 31, 2019). http://dx.doi.org/10.33142/aem.v1i4.1006.

Full text

Abstract:

针对福州地铁5号线2标段凤山路站项目地质条件，该土层中含有较厚的砂卵石层，不利于槽壁的局部稳定性，本研究基于地连墙槽壁可能发生失稳的情形，在考虑泥皮对稳定性的影响作用下，从槽壁整体稳定和局部稳定两个方面建立失稳模型，推导了出泥浆重度与安全系数的理论公式，论证了槽壁整体稳定性安全系数与土体不同粘聚力、土体不同内摩擦角呈线性关系的论点，并对随着施工场地地面荷载的增加，槽壁整体稳定安全系数显著减小进行了研究。

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

46

贾, 煜逸. "加强水利工程质量的管理策略探究." 水电水利 3, no. 10 (October 31, 2019). http://dx.doi.org/10.32629/hwr.v3i10.2452.

Full text

Abstract:

水利工程作为国家重要的基础设施,大力推进水利工程的科学建设工作是造福人民、推动国家经济发展的重要项目,水利工程能够有效改善国家水资源的利用情况,并且能够在很大程度上防止各种洪涝灾害,能够对国家水资源结构进行有效的调整,因此我国非常重视水利工程的建设,从我国一系列大型水利工程项目上我们就能够看出,水利工程是一项系统而又复杂的工程建设项目,而其对于国家和人民的重要性优势非常高的,因此加强水利工程质量成为了相关企业的重点研究内容,从当前我国水利工程实际建设情况上来看,我们在工程建设过程中还存在一系列的问题,为了更好的提升水利工程质量,本文件针对当前水利工程建设中存在的问题及相对应的质量管理提升策略进行分析。

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

47

杨, 靖., and 宁. 徐. "基于动态面板研究中国税收收支及其结构变化的经济影响." 经济管理研究 1, no. 1 (August 6, 2019). http://dx.doi.org/10.36012/emr.v1i1.144.

Full text

Abstract:

税收收入与支出作为中国宏观调控经济走向的重要财政举措，在中国经济发展中承担着重要的经济调控作用。税收收入可以分析国民经济发展总体情况以及预测未来发展趋势；税收支出有助于研究当下社会经济部门扶持和投资的项目，发挥财政的良好作用；税收结构变化可以反观行业结构变化以及产业结构的调整。论文研究发现：近十年，生产性基础设施的税收支出的增加，扩大了社会福利，提高了经济水平；生产性税收支出对于经济发展具有正向作用，而非生产性的税收支出会引起私人部门的挤出效应，对经济增长率起到抑制作用；最后，说明税收政策对实体经济冲击的滞后性以及合理制定税收政策的重要性。

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

48

苏, 翎清, and 育婷陈. "护士离职因素分析及应对之策探讨." 实用医学研究 1, no. 3 (December 31, 2019). http://dx.doi.org/10.36012/pmr.v1i3.952.

Full text

Abstract:

护士短缺是全球性的问题，并且随着人们对医疗服务的需求增加而加剧，这就对护理服务提出了更高的要求。但现市场上护理人员存在极大缺口，这种短缺已达到危机水平。而居高不下的高离职率带来的是护理质量的下降和高质量护理人才的短缺。所以，人员流失现象的研究对护理管理者留住员工，稳定护理队伍有着重大意义。论文研究探讨了组织因素、个体因素、工作满意度对护士离职的影响程度，表明工作满意度中的薪酬福利对护士离职的影响程度最大。

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

49

"高齢者福祉施設職員における施設利用者家族との関係性認知." Proceedings of the Annual Convention of the Japanese Psychological Association 72 (September 19, 2008): 3PM151. http://dx.doi.org/10.4992/pacjpa.72.0_3pm151.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

50

"高齢者福祉施設職員における施設利用者家族との関係性認知." Proceedings of the Annual Convention of the Japanese Psychological Association 73 (August 26, 2009): 3AM018. http://dx.doi.org/10.4992/pacjpa.73.0_3am018.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

We offer discounts on all premium plans for authors whose works are included in thematic literature selections. Contact us to get a unique promo code!