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Journal articles on the topic '福利政策'

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Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 13 February 2022

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1

ZHU, WENJUN JUNE, MONIT CHEUNG, and PATRICK LEUNG. "CHILD WELFARE POLICY REFORM IN CHINA: HISTORICAL MILESTONES AND CURRENT EVALUATIONS." Hong Kong Journal of Social Work 50, no. 01n02 (January 2016): 27–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219246216000048.

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Policy milestones from 1962 to 2015 highlight China's child welfare policy development in terms of its major implementation eras, characteristics, strengths, and limitations in policy enforcement. This review captures information from government and NGO reports published in the past four decades since the formalization of the one-child policy in China. In the 1960s, as population control was determined an urgent national priority, China's central government started to examine child developmental needs as a way to alert the public about future family issues. Since then, China's child welfare policy development has been characterized by an economy-driven, government-operated, localized, and healthy-child-focused system. The applicability of the public welfare laws in China has been in line with its policy focus on child protection and ending poverty. Policy reform guidelines are proposed to focus on promoting child and family welfare. 中國兒童福利政策於1962年至2015年期間的發展里程碑，是一份分析兒童福利政策的最佳資料，解釋了兒童福利政策在中國的階段性實施，以及每個階段制定的兒童福利政策的特點和利弊。這篇論文收集并分析了從一孩政策頒布伊始至今四十餘載的政府公報和非政府組織的報告。在20世紀60年代，中國中央政府將控制人口的急劇增長定位為社會發展的當務之急，並開始研究兒童發展的需求，以提升對未來家庭問題的警覺性。從此，中國的兒童福利政策的發展凸顯出經濟驅動的、政府運作的、地區差異化的、強調兒童健康成長環境重要性的特點。中國社會公共福利政策的立法呼應了中國兒童福利政策中保護兒童和消除貧困這一中心思想。政府部門在日後編寫政策改革的導論時，必須提出如何推進兒童和家庭福利政策的完善

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杨罗, 观翠, and 伟锦余. "香港政府的福利信念与医疗融资改革." Hong Kong Journal of Social Work 34, no. 01n02 (January 2000): 43–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s021924620000005x.

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本文的目的，是讨论香港政府的福利信念，并探讨其如何表现于香港医疗融资改革的发展。全文共分为两部份。前部份将介绍香港政府的「积极不干预政策」的基本特性及其所志決保卫的四项「社会福利发展禁区」；而后半部份则引用香港政府多项医疗改革的建议为案例，阐释其维持这些「社会福利发展禁区」的策略。 The aim of this paper is to discuss the Hong Kong government's welfare philosophy and how it is manifested in the reforms of the medical finance. It is mainly divided into two parts. The first part introduces the positive non-interventionalism upheld by the Hong Kong government and how it is related to the four "prohibited areas" to the development of social welfare. The second part illustrates the Hong Kong government's strategy for strengthening these "prohibited areas" with reference to the reforms of the medical finance.

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蘇, 細清. "從〔社會排斥〕到〔社會融合〕談中國社會福利政策的取向：." Hong Kong Journal of Social Work 43, no. 01 (January 2009): 31–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219246209000059.

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本文通過對歐洲社會福利政策研究中社會排斥和社會融合取向的作用進行簡要的歷史回顧，並反思社會排斥為主的福利政策研究取向對中國福利政策研究的影響。通過對有關農民工社會福利制度現狀的研究文獻綜述，筆者發現，大多數的研究實際上都是取自社會排斥角度，在探討社會排斥研究模式可能在中國社會福利研究體系中可能存在的困難和不足，筆者提出重新整合社會排斥和社會融合的必要性。第一，整合社會融合的研究模式與中國政府提出的社會和諧目的相一致；第二，整合社會融合的研究模式凸顯社會資本在幫助農民工融入城市的重要作用，有利於減少社會因福利支出而增加的經濟負擔，容易為政府所接受；第三，整合社會融合的研究模式可以進一步促進福利主體間的合作，包括與政府的合作，市民社會之間的協作和融合等；第四，整合社會融合的研究模式有助於政策研究者有技巧和彈性地與政府溝通，有助於政策的落實與實現；最後，整合社會融合的研究模式有助於發展農民工在城市中的代言人，如社會工作者隊伍和 NGO 機構等。 This article begins with historical review on the roles of social exclusion and social inclusion in social welfare policy research in European area. And then critical reflect on the difficulties of social-exclusion-focused research model which domains the Chinese social welfare policy area. Basing on the literature review, through discussing on the current difficulties and insufficiencies of peasant workers' social welfare in China, the integrated model which should view social inclusion and social exclusion as one whole to be social welfare policy research model was proposed to meet the ultimate goal of social welfare policy. The importance of the integrated model was also discussed in the article as: First, integrating social inclusion perspective is consistent with the social harmony tenet which is highlighted by government; Second, integrating social inclusion perspective pays more attention on the functions of social capitals which may play an important role in facilitating peasant workers to adapt to urban cities, at the same time, social capitals may reduce the social welfare economic burden which can be easily accepted by government and facilitate the collaboration with government. Third, integrating social inclusion into social welfare policy research may facilitate the collaboration with government and reduce the tension between urban and rural. Forth, under the integrated model, social welfare policy researches may communicate with government flexibly and get more government support to make the policy realized; and finally, the agencies who can stand for the voices of peasant workers, such as social work team, NGO institutions can be developed rapidly.

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4

强, 乐颖. "基于中国高教改革的高等教育扩招政策对学生发展影响的思考与建议." 教学方法创新与实践 3, no. 13 (November 25, 2020): 169. http://dx.doi.org/10.26549/jxffcxysj.v3i13.5818.

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世纪之交的高等教育扩招政策作为21世纪中国高等教育改革的指导文件，对社会、经济、教育和学生发展有着至关重要的影响。论文旨在探讨中国高等教育扩招政策对高校学生的影响以及对扩招政策实施中所产生的问题的改进提供建议。不可否认，中国的高等教育扩张政策确实对学生的发展产生了显著的影响，尤其是在专业发展、就业和幸福感方面，然而该政策在其实施的过程中所产生的问题也不容忽视。论文从教育质量、就业压力、学生幸福感等方面入手，对这些问题提出具体的建议。有效地了解该政策的影响以及学生对高等教育的需求，都有利于中国高等教育的不断完善，更能重视学生的发展，也可以为中国未来的教育政策和改革提供意见和建议。

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张, 霁月. "新个税政策下员工个税筹划问题研究." 经济管理研究 2, no. 4 (December 6, 2020): 69–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.36012/emr.v2i4.2270.

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6

许, 旭崴. "福建丰世达供应链社交电商新零售." 商业创新期刊 2, no. 1 (January 1, 2020): 190–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.52288/jbi.26636204.2020.01.16.

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改革开放后，随着海峡两岸交往的不断扩大，福建省率先成为台商到大陆投资的热点省份。为了推进两岸经贸关系的发展，加快改革开放进程，早在1989年5月，国务院就正式批准厦门杏林地区、海沧地区及福州马尾经济技术开发区未开发部分为台商投资区。1992年12月，国务院又正式批准厦门集美地区为台商投资区，并在厦门象屿和福州马尾分别设立保税区，由此营造出一种独有的复合政策优势，为吸引台资创造了有利条件。在如此有利的政策条件下，伴随近年来科学技术的快速发展，电子产品及其相关服务为代表的第三次台商投资热潮，吸引了众多台湾同胞的目光，而我和我们的团队也随着热潮开始事业路程。

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7

柯, 倪双, and 晨萍林. "基于钻石模型福建省水产品国际竞争力影响因素分析." 商业创新期刊 3, no. 3 (July 1, 2021): 143–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.52288/jbi.26636204.2021.07.15.

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在经济全球化的背景下，国际间的贸易交往日趋紧密。福建省水产品出口一直以来占据中国水产品出口的主要地位，但随着近年来国际市场环境的变化，世界贸易局势不断发生变化，福建省水产品国际竞争力被削弱；合理准确把握福建省水产品的国际竞争力，是关系到其能否在国家竞争市场上占据优势，开拓国际贸易渠道的关键。本文通过选取福建省水产品作为研究对象，利用波特钻石模型进行分析，运用国家统计局、《中国渔业年鉴》、福建省统计局等官方数据，通过从生产要素、市场需求、相关及支持产业，结合当前世界贸易局势和国家新发展政策，对如何提升福建省水产品国际竞争力提出建设与对策。

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8

王, 颖., and 淼淼邱. "借力“金砖峰会” 赢发展新契机." 财经与管理 1, no. 1 (July 1, 2017): 66. http://dx.doi.org/10.26549/fm.v1i1.265.

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近年来，中央支持福建加快发展，平潭综合实验区、福建自由贸易试验区、“21世纪海上丝绸之路”核心区、福州新区、福厦泉国家资助创新示范区、国家生态文明试验区等先后获批设立。“六区”国家发展战略叠加，使福建成为当前中国优惠政策最多、最集中的省份之一，吸引境内外客商竞相抢滩。统计数据显示，2016年，福建实际利用外资81.9亿元，同比增长6.7%[1]。2017年9月3日至5日厦门即将迎来金砖国家领导人第九次的会晤，通过这场“含金量”极高的国际会议的助力，福建将最直观的感受到经济社会等实力的提升。论文着重围绕金砖峰会产生的“蝴蝶效应”，从三个方面预测福建今后的经济发展。

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CHAN, FUNG YI, and SHUK FAN CHU. "INTERPRETING WORKERS' RESISTANCE TO WELFARE "REFORM"." Hong Kong Journal of Social Work 36, no. 01n02 (January 2002): 113–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219246202000086.

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This article presents and analyses the background to the resistance of many frontline welfare practitioners against the recent introduction of reforms to the welfare management and subvention system and process in Hong Kong. The "progress" discourse optimistically engaged in by the government is challenged by a rather pessimistic assessment by workers, accompanied by a strong critique of the compromises welfare management groups have agreed to when accepting the Lump Sum Grant proposal. The context of the reform is interpreted as a strategic repositioning by the post-1997 government, intent at rebuilding its legitimacy and re-assigning the role of the welfare sector within its vision for the future. In the course of a long conversation between the two authors, one an academic, the other a core organiser in the "Alliance for the Protection of Welfare" several important areas of discourse were touched upon: the nature of welfare and its normative underpinning; social workers' struggle to relocate themselves within the emerging managerial paradigm; the search for an environment in which dialogue between the various parties would allow open negotiation about a more positive reform of the welfare system. The relationships among workers, management, government and service users are interpreted within a historical perspective, looking back at the constitution of the problem on both the level of Hong Kong as well as, more theoretically, on the level of (Western) welfare states. 近日香港政府提出社会福利管理及津助制度的「改革」，受到前线同工大力反对。本文旨在勾画出相关的背景脉络，以助了解同工的「悲观」判断怎样质疑官方铺陈的乐观「进步」论，及批评管理阶层在接纳一笔过拨款上的妥协态度，展示当中蕴含的重要议题。改革的背景被理解作九七后特区政权的策略性再定位，在新的发展远景下以重建管治的合法性，亦重新厘订社会福利的角色。本篇文稿是由学院成员与「捍卫社会福利大联盟」的组织者合撰，透过真诚的详谈，尝试剖析以下范畴：福利的性质及价值规范、在管理典范逐渐形成下前线社会工作员的挣扎、及寻求一个有利对话的环境，以促进开放的态度磋商较具积极意义的福利改革。在探讨前线同工、管理阶层、政府及服务使用者的多角关系时，更从历史的进程思考如何构成现今的问题，当中涉及香港的独特环境及西方社会福利国家的理念性讨论。

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王, 雪. "关于农民专业合作社信用体系建设的探索." 财经与管理 4, no. 6 (July 3, 2020): 51. http://dx.doi.org/10.26549/cjygl.v4i6.4354.

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11

苏, 锦俊, and 源. 徐. "区位因素对国际贸易的影响以福建、陕西为例." 商业创新期刊 3, no. 3 (July 1, 2021): 170–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.52288/jbi.26636204.2021.07.17.

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中国大陸的区位主要分为沿海和内陆两种，本文选取福建省和陕西省为代表进行分析。区位因素分为自然、交通、经济三个大点，本研究先对两地进行区位分析，其次结合贸易结构分析区位对贸易的影响，最后对两地如何利用区位因素给出了建议。研究发现，对沿海地区影响较大的依次是交通、地理和资本，表现在吸引外资，促进产业升级，以一般贸易为主。内陆地区则主要是资源、土地和劳动力，表现在吸引依赖型外资企业，进行加工贸易；同时，政策环境因素在两地发展中都至关重要。

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刘, 继. 同. "文献回顾: 中国社工教育发展十个重要课题的批判分析." Hong Kong Journal of Social Work 37, no. 01 (January 2003): 41–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219246203000056.

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中国内地社会工作教育的恢复和发展已走过年辉煌历程，取得令人注目的成就。在经济市场化和福利社会化处境下，中国内地社会工作教育发展面临诸多争论议题和两难选择。本文从文献回顾角度，明确提出中国内地社会工作教育发展的十个重要课题，简要回顾每个重要课题的历史发展，客观描述各种重要课题中的争论议题，全面分析不同重要课题面临的两难选择，理论概括中国社会工作教育发展基本关系的理想类型。本文的主要结论是，中国社会工作教育应更为及时有效地回应独特的中国社会环境和变迁的社会需要，建立与政府决策部门、正规社会福利服务机构和非政府组织之间的制度性伙伴关系。 The revival and development of the social work education in China underwent a brilliant process and attained evident achievements in the past 20 years. In the contextual moves towards market orientation and welfare towards socialisation, the social work education faces debatable issues and dilemmas. In terms of literature review, the article clearly shows ten critical issues on the social work education development in China, briefly review their historical development, objectively describes all kinds of the debatable issues about them, comprehensively analyses the dilemmas in dealing with them and theoretically summarises the ideal category for them. The conclusion of the article is that the social work education in China must timely and effectively respond to the special environments and varying needs of Chinese society and establish the partnership with the policy-making governmental departments, official welfare organisations and NGO in Chinese society.

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MORGAN, STEVE, and MALCOLM PAYNE. "MANAGERIALISM AND STATE SOCIAL WORK IN BRITAIN." Hong Kong Journal of Social Work 36, no. 01n02 (January 2002): 27–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219246202000037.

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Two forms of managerialism are distinguished: generalist managerialism, that which affects the daily experience of social work practice and policy managerialism, that which affects the development of policy. The development of social work in Britain led social workers to adopt the role of bureau-professionals, mitigating the inflexibility of the bureaucratic provision of welfare in state social services. However, through case studies of local government social services and probation services, the impact on this conception of social work managerialism through its adoption by new Right governments during the 1980s and 90s is demonstrated. It is argued that distinguishing the impact of inflexibility in services through bureaucratisation from the impact of policy managerialism, the inclusion of a wide range of stakeholders and ensuring advocacy for the voices of service users and the community mitigates the effects of managerialist bureaucratisation. 作者认为管理主义普遍理论对社会工作日常运作的影响有别于管理主义理论应用于公共行政的范畴上。作者以英国的地区社会福利服务及感化工作的展为案例，指出社工专业需要对管理主义对不同服务的影响，先作检视，然后作出适当的回应。总的来说，社工可以联系著不同背景及业的人士，与服务使用者一起去倡导及争取他们的权益。积极参与公共政策的厘订，来减低管理主义对社工服务的不良影响。

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Yen, Wei-Ting. "Michael Hsin-Huang Hsiao, Yu-Yuan Kuan and Shu-Yung Wang (eds.), Taiwan’s Social Welfare Movements and Policy Impact, 2000–2018 [台灣的社會福利運動與政策效應: 2000–2018]." International Journal of Taiwan Studies 4, no. 1 (March 5, 2021): 197–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/24688800-20201180.

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15

李, 晓. "The Analysis of Qingdao Long-Term Medical Care Insurance Policy Using the Gilbert Social Welfare Policy Analytical Framework." Advances in Social Sciences 04, no. 04 (2015): 257–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.12677/ass.2015.44039.

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Hirao, Takashi. "THE CONNECTION BETWEEN CENTRALISED LABOURPOLICY AND INDUSTRIAL WELFARE AT IMPERIAL CHEMICAL INDUSTRIES LTD. DURING THE INTERWAR PERIOD." Keiei Shigaku (Japan Business History Review) 37, no. 1 (2002): 28–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.5029/bhsj.37.28.

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谢, 东明. "水利工程勘测设计质量管理问题浅析." 水电水利 2, no. 11 (November 30, 2018). http://dx.doi.org/10.32629/hwr.v2i11.1642.

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"家庭化——后毛泽东时代儿童福利体系新发展." Rural China 11, no. 2 (July 7, 2014): 328–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/22136746-12341257.

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The delivery systems for caring for dependent children have undergone a radical transformation in Reform-era China. Beginning in the mid-1980s, a dramatic resurgence in the number of abandoned infants as well as homeless youths from rural to urban areas placed great strains on the existing framework of state-run institutions for the young. China’s Civil Affairs branch has responded to the crisis by embracing a policy of “multi-approachism” 多元化 that places primacy on local experimentation and initiative. Civil Affairs workers have expressed the need to “societalize” 社会化 social-welfare work, in which the government works hand-in-hand with both outside organizations and Chinese families to provide a better future for at-risk children. These findings suggest that societalization has led, not to the privatization of services or the withdrawal of the state, but rather to the formation of creative partnerships between government and nongovernment entities in aiding the dependent child. Throughout the post-Mao period we can also observe a paradigmatic shift from institution-based care to a family-centered approach that aims at providing the disadvantaged youngster with the warmth and love of the kin unit. This article is in Chinese. 改革开放以来，中国儿童福利事业体系经历了彻底的改革。从八十年代中期开始，弃婴和从农村进入城镇地区的流浪未成年人数目再次急剧增加，现有的国营儿童福利机构体系面临严峻挑战。针对这一挑战，中国民政部门采取了多元化政策，重点依靠地方试点与创新。民政部门倡导社会福利工作“社会化”，倡导政府与社会团体、普通家庭共同照料高危儿童。研究结果表明，社会福利体系工作的“社会化”并未导致服务私有化、也没有导致国家退出这一工作领域；相反，社会福利工作的“社会化”引导政府与非政府行为体创建了一种新型合作关系，来共同照料需要救助的儿童。自毛泽东时代结束以后，社会福利体系也经历了一种范式转变，相关工作原来以机构为基础，现在逐渐转向以家庭为中心，用亲情单位为需要救助的未成年人提供温暖与爱。

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杨, 靖., and 宁. 徐. "基于动态面板研究中国税收收支及其结构变化的经济影响." 经济管理研究 1, no. 1 (August 6, 2019). http://dx.doi.org/10.36012/emr.v1i1.144.

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税收收入与支出作为中国宏观调控经济走向的重要财政举措，在中国经济发展中承担着重要的经济调控作用。税收收入可以分析国民经济发展总体情况以及预测未来发展趋势；税收支出有助于研究当下社会经济部门扶持和投资的项目，发挥财政的良好作用；税收结构变化可以反观行业结构变化以及产业结构的调整。论文研究发现：近十年，生产性基础设施的税收支出的增加，扩大了社会福利，提高了经济水平；生产性税收支出对于经济发展具有正向作用，而非生产性的税收支出会引起私人部门的挤出效应，对经济增长率起到抑制作用；最后，说明税收政策对实体经济冲击的滞后性以及合理制定税收政策的重要性。

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王, 上铭. "基于中美贸易博弈视角的全球贸易理论的创新和治理体系的重构." 经济学 2, no. 4 (August 31, 2019). http://dx.doi.org/10.32629/ej.v2i4.202.

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近一年多以来,美国基于自身利益的考虑,发起了针对各主要贸易伙伴国的贸易保护措施,尤其是针对欧盟、日本和中国。从美国发起此次贸易战到世界各国在这个危机处理过程中所呈现出来的斡旋、博弈、对策乃至最终的结果来看,以“国家“为对象来分析国际贸易产生的原因、好处的现有国际贸易理论体系存在很大的盲区,无法解释目前许多国家所出现的“逆全球化”运动；因此,我们需要重新构建新的国际贸易理论框架来解释和分析国际贸易产生的原因、对国家乃至全球福利的好处以及国际贸易对国家内部不同群体利益的影响等问题；不仅仅从“生产”的角度,而是要从“生产”和“分配”两个角度来研究国际贸易理论,以解决部分国家贸易保护加强和”逆全球化“等问题。同时,尽管二战后形成的美苏”双寡头“全球治理体系过渡到了“一超多强”的美式霸权主义全球治理体系,但显然,随着中国实力的增强、欧盟的一致行动以及俄罗斯的崛起等,美式霸权主义在面对全球性问题越来越束手无策,“一超多强”格局在大踏步地向“多强并举”迈进。以单一议题为主的WTO等全球治理平台在面临多议题并举、多目标需要决策、多层次关系需要协调的国际局势也越来越解决乏力,因此,我们需要基于共同的理念,构建共同的国际规则和治理机制；不仅仅以国家而是将国家、私人部门、不同利益群体等均作为治理主体,以联合国为基础,构建一个民主、公平、公正、权威、包容的类世界政府的全球治理体系。

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Raimi, Morufu Olalekan. "自我报告症状对农民健康的概率评估：以尼日利亚库拉地方政府地区的卡诺州为例." 世界农业经济研究 2, no. 1 (March 30, 2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.36956/rwae.v2i1.336.

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背景：今天，现代农业严重依赖农药的使用，每年以常规方式将惊人的1.5亿吨肥料和600万吨农药施用于田地和农作物，以提高农业产量。由于对人类的直接作用，许多农药已经成为一个问题。因此，想要增加信心和充实农民首先要认识到改变农药使用的必要性，无论是通过现有技术还是新技术，例如提高效率、降低成本或有效决策。目的：本研究的目的是评估尼日利亚卡诺州农民自我报告症状的发生频率。方法：建立了一份综合问卷，重点研究了社会人口统计学特征，与使用农药有关的不良健康影响的教育和经验，工作实践的描述以及研究区域农场中使用过的农药清单。在所收集的400份问卷中，有392份被检索并发现可用，占所收集问卷的98％。结果：结果表明，有46.2％的人使用该农药1-5年，48.1％的人使用了10-15年，这些症状的规律表明，大多数被调查者是定期出现这些症状的（头痛56.1％，胃痉挛53.8％，肌肉无力56.5％，呕吐56.8％，头晕58.3％，呼吸急促40.7％，视力模糊45.5％和眼睛刺激66.7％）。结论：专注于农业实践中的农药使用非常重要，因为它所强调的重点在于农民的收入、健康和福祉，在危险潜伏的卡诺州库拉农民地区的各个角落中，已经面临各种各样的长期健康风险的挑战。这当然应该引起州和联邦政府的担忧，政府必须更加发挥作为农民调解人的关键作用，因为这与强调没有贫困（目标一）、零饥饿（目标二）、确保良好健康福祉（目标三）的可持续发展目标非常一致。因此，有必要通过教育农民来持续努力减少食品污染。

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