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1

Zhang, Niina Ning. "Understanding S-Selection." Studies in Chinese Linguistics 37, no. 1 (June 30, 2016): 56–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/scl-2016-0003.

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AbstractI report a few study notes of semantic selection in this paper. First, if derivational affixes s-select roots, which have no categorial features, s-selection may be implemented independently of c-selection. Second, in certain constructions, it seems that s-selected features do not take part in the syntactic operations that establish syntactic dependencies, and thus the inspection of s-selection seems to be local to the merge domain. I also examine s-selection between phrases, showing that it follows the same projection principle as seen in the c-selection between phrases.提要詞語間的語意選擇有可能獨立於詞類選擇。如果詞根沒有詞類,那麼派生詞綴對詞 根的語意選擇就獨立於詞類選擇。其次,在某些句式中,兩個成分之間的句法依賴 關係也有可能獨立於語意特徵的選擇。因此,對語意選擇的檢驗可以是局部的。本 文亦討論兩個短語之間的語意選擇關係,發現短語之間的語意選擇關係跟短語之間 的詞類選擇關係遵守同樣的投射原則。
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Dong, Xiufang. "漢語動詞雙音化過程中的形式選擇和功能表現 (Patterns and functions of verbal disyllabification)." Language and Linguistics / 語言暨語言學 19, no. 3 (June 4, 2018): 395–409. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/lali.00014.don.

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抽象 以往文獻對於漢語詞彙雙音化中具體是什麼樣的雙音形式替代了什麼樣的單音形式及其中的選擇規律缺乏研究。本文以動詞的雙音化為考察對象,重點討論的是動賓式和動補式這兩種雙音複合模式與單音形式之間的對應規律,發現雙音化時不同的形式選擇與原單音動詞不同的詞彙語義特徵有關。不包含內在終結點的動詞雙音化時,傾向於選擇動賓式。動賓式雙音複合詞和原來的單音動詞形式相比,有的是增加了動詞部分,很多情況下增加的是輕動詞,原單音動詞變為賓語,可以轉類為名詞而成為名詞性賓語,也可以仍然保持動詞性而充當謂詞性賓語;有的是增加了賓語部分,或者是增加一個原單音動詞詞彙語義中本就包含的受事成分作賓語,或者是增加一個環境論元作賓語;還有的是採用了與原來的單音動詞完全沒有相同之處的動賓形式。包含內在終結點的動詞在雙音化時傾向於選擇動補式,詞彙語義中所隱含的結果狀態比較顯著的單音動詞傾向於在前面添加一個動詞來構成動補式雙音詞,而詞彙語義中所隱含的結果狀態不顯著的則傾向於添加一個虛化的補語來構成動補式雙音詞。內部結構不同的雙音形式對應不同的功能特徵。
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蕭, 惠貞, and 安琪 梁. "提升隱喻意識對二語詞彙學習和記憶存留之探究." Chinese as a Second Language Research 7, no. 1 (April 25, 2018): 141–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/caslar-2018-0006.

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提要本文旨在探討若呈現隱喻映射原則,顯示展現詞彙之相關理據,藉此提升二語學習者之隱喻意識於詞彙學習,此輔助方式對於其戰爭類商業詞語學習及記憶留存之效應為何?我們以「商場如戰場」(BUSINESS IS WAR)映射原則為主題,選取十個常見高頻戰爭類相關之商業隱喻詞語為內容,調查了 31 名日籍中級以上之華語學習者。實驗組接受隱喻映射圖指導,透過連結「來源域(戰爭)」與「目標域(商業)」之對應關係,學習相關隱喻詞彙,控制組則以一般詞解和例句學習詞語,其後進行即時後測、及一週後之延時後測。結果發現:(1) 實驗組即時後測之整體詞彙學習成效明顯優於控制組(M=8.34 vs. 7.57, t(29)=2.07, p=0.024),此情況同樣見於延時後測(M=8.53 vs. 7.50, t(29)=2.24, p=0.017); (2) 即時後測中,實驗組文意理解表現顯著較佳(M=7.19 vs. 6.40, t(29)=1.87, p=0.036);(3)實驗組於即時後測的隱喻動詞整體表現較好,兩組達顯著差異(M=5.00 vs. 4.30, t(29)=2.76, p=0.01),而未曾教授之隱喻名詞表現則相約。
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Shao, Mingyuan. "古藏文的系動詞." Language and Linguistics / 語言暨語言學 20, no. 3 (June 14, 2019): 417–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/lali.00039.sha.

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抽象 7–10 世紀的吐蕃古藏文中具有 yin 和 lags 兩個系動詞,同時兩者還語法化為表達時體功能的助動詞。語用上,前者用於統稱,後者用於敬稱。句法上,系動詞在肯定性的陳述句中並非強制性的,而是可選性的,但當處於否定句,以及含有對比焦點時,往往不可省略。lags 的敬語功能使其通常用於他稱的語境中,這種句法環境和語用功能使其逐步獲得了「敘實」的示證意義。在此基礎上,經由語用推理,yin 便獲得了「向自我」的示證意義。後世大多數藏語支語言系動詞所表達的示證系統即在此基礎上發展而來。yin和 lags 在句法上的非強制性特徵,在其他藏緬語中也有表現,可以作為分析古藏文此類句法現象的有力佐證。
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Juliastika, I. Komang, Desak Made Sri Mardani, and Gede Satya Hermawan. "INTERFERENSI BAHASA INDONESIA DALAM PEMILIHAN VERBA PADA SAKUBUN MAHASISWA SEMESTER II JURUSAN PENDIDIKAN BAHASA JEPANG TAHUN AJARAN 2016/2017 UNDIKSHA." Jurnal Pendidikan Bahasa Jepang Undiksha 5, no. 3 (November 25, 2019): 356. http://dx.doi.org/10.23887/jpbj.v5i3.21487.

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Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh bahasa Indonesia terhadap sakubun yang dibuat oleh mahasiswa semester II Jurusan Pendidikan Bahasa Jepang UNDIKSHA. Penelitian ini mengkhususkan pada pengaruh bahasa Indonesia pada pemilihan verba bahasa Jepang. Jenis penelitian ini adalah penelitian kualitatif dengan data yang dikumpulkan dan dianalisis menggunakan metode deskriptif kualitatif. Terdapat 17 kesalahan penggunaan verba bahasa Jepang yang disebabkan oleh interferensi bahasa Indoneia dari 32 sakubun yang terkumpul. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa interferensi bahasa Indonesia terjadi akibat dari kurang pahamnya mahasiswa tentang penggunaan verba yang tepat sesuai degan konteks kalimat. Satu verba dalam bahasa Indonesia bisa memiliki banyak padanan kata dalam bahasa Jepang. Selain itu, penggunaan dari masing-masing kata perlu memperhatikan aspek, seperti siapa yang bertindak sebagai pembicara, siapa yang menjadi lawan bicara dan bagaimana kedudukan masing-masing pembicara. Seperti yang ditemukan, kata “memberi” jika dicarikan padanannya dalam bahasa Jepang maka akan memunculkan banyak kata seperti 「あげます」agemasu, 「くれます」kuremasu, 「くださいます」kudasaimasu, 「やります」yarimasu. Kata Kunci : Kata Kunci: interferensi, sakubun, kata kerja. 研究の目的は日本語教育学科の一年生の作文(動詞)においてインドネシア語の影響を明からにすることである。研究は動詞の選択にインドネシア語影響を特定した。データは定性記述に分析された。研究は17つの使い方が間違って、理由は32つ集まった作文からインドネシア語影響である。 結果は以下の通りである。大学生はコンテクスに正確で動詞を使うのがあまり理解しないので、動詞の誤った選択が発生した。インドネシア語の1つの動詞には多くの日本語の単語が含まれる可能性がある。さらに、各単語の使用では、話者としての役割、反対者、話者の位置など、多くの側面に注意する必要である。見つかったように、日本語の同等物が見つかった場合、「与える」という単語は、「あげます」「くれます」「くださいいます」「やります」などの多くの単語を表示する。 keyword : 影響、作文, 動詞
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志祥, 汤. "世界華語區域詞語差異之成因及其相應策應之芻議." Global Chinese 4, no. 1 (March 26, 2018): 167–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/glochi-2018-0008.

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摘要 2010 年 5 月《全球華語詞典》 及 2015 年 4 月《全球華語大詞典》的相繼續出版,充分證明了當今世界性華語大家庭的真實存在。這兩本詞典的問世全面展示出當今全球華語詞彙集的總體共時面貌,同時也明白無誤顯示出各區域華語之間的詞語異同。 世界華語各大區域詞語的差異主要以中國大陸、中国台灣、中国港澳、新馬四大塊地域為其代表。其中中國大陸為當今華語的母體和主體,而中国台灣、中国港澳、新馬等地均為子體和異體。 世界華語區域詞語的差異成因主要源於下列三個方面:一是各區域存在著反映各自不同的社會制度、政經面貌、歷史地理、人文習俗,以及當地特有的事物和物產等;二是某些地區有著數目和地位不同的外國語言、漢語方言和方言文化的影響;三是某些地區的部分華語詞語的詞義和詞用產生了在地性變異或變化。 目前相應的對策應該是:(1)詳盡地細緻地描寫並記錄全球華語大家庭的的詞彙概貌及其異同;(2)深入地分析並剖析它們之間的相同、相似、相異的程度和成因;(3)通過交流、教學和研討,增進各區域相互之間的理解與溝通;(4)逐步通過專家篩選和社會使用(約定俗成),推動相互的流通、吸收、協調和融合,逐步達成最大程度的共同化和一體化。
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JIAO, YUMEI. "Selective Relationship between Quantifier ZHI(隻) and Nouns." Korea Journal of Chinese Linguistics 69 (April 30, 2017): 59–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.38068/kjcl.69.4.

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沈冠伶, 沈冠伶. "民事訴訟之線上起訴與遠距審理(上)──民事法院數位轉型及現代化之展望." 月旦法學雜誌 316, no. 316 (September 2021): 106–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.53106/1025593131605.

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受疫情影響,各國關於民事訴訟之數位化,尤其是線上遠距審理,產生大幅躍進,並成為未來民事訴訟變革之方向。因應數位化發展,溝通媒介之改變,民事紛爭處理制度必須面對從紙本到電子文件、從實體場域到網路空間之轉變。本文從國外線上法院程序之發展狀況,探討線上民事法院之目的論,並以線上起訴及遠距審理為對象,分析傳統訴訟以紙本文書及到庭辯論所形塑之訴訟文書交換及送達、兩造言詞辯論、直接審理、公開審理等程序架構及基本原則,於民事訴訟數位化下所受之影響及挑戰。除個別面向之數位化外,由於線上程序具簡速性及經濟性,亦宜思考有無何類事件(例如:小額事件),適合增設全面性之線上程序,使當事人得合意選擇利用,以保障其近用法院及程序選擇之權利,亦可合理分配司法資源,使法院更有餘力處理複雜困難之案件。各國有關民事法院之數位轉型仍持續發展中,本文並不在於蓋棺論定,而是期待就此議題能激發更多之討論。<br />
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KANADECHI, MASATO, MASATO TOKUHISA, JIN'ICHI MURAKAMI, and SATORU IKEHARA. "Evaluation of the English Word Selection Ability of Valency Grammar for Japanese Verbs and Nouns." Journal of Natural Language Processing 11, no. 3 (2004): 149–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.5715/jnlp.11.3_149.

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McLean, Stuart, Tomoko Ishii, Tim Stoeckel, Phil Bennett, and Yuko Matsumoto. "An Edited Version of the First Eight 1,000-Word Frequency Bands of the Japanese-English Version of the Vocabulary Size Test." Language Teacher 40, no. 4 (July 1, 2016): 3. http://dx.doi.org/10.37546/jalttlt40.4-1.

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This paper provides and explains the criteria by which the first eight 1,000-word frequency bands of the Japanese bilingual Vocabulary Size Test (VST) were revised. The VST (Nation & Beglar, 2007) was designed as a measure of vocabulary size for language learners. It was originally produced and validated in a monolingual format, but in recent years several bilingual versions have also been made. These variants may yield more accurate results, because they avoid conflating vocabulary knowledge with ability to decode answer choices in the L2. However, they have received little scrutiny beyond initial piloting and may therefore benefit from further examination and refinement (Nguyen & Nation, 2011). This paper describes the revision of the first eight 1,000-word frequency bands of the Japanese bilingual VST with the goal of increasing the test’s unidimensionality and accuracy. The revisions (a) removed English loanwords from the answer choices to prevent examinees from correctly responding through phonological matching alone, (b) ensured that the parts of speech of each answer choice were identical, and (c) matched the lengths of answer choices. 本論文は、日本語版2ヶ国語 Vocabulary Size Test (VST) における最初の8000語レベルまでの改訂された単語出現頻度帯の基準を説明したものである。VST (Nation and Beglar, 2007) は言語学習者の語彙サイズを計測するために作られたもので、当初は英語のみで制作されていたが、近年様々な言語対応の版も作られている。これらの版では、英語の読解力に左右されることなくテストを受けられ、より正確な結果が得られることが予想される。しかしながら、それらの版は初期のパイロットテストの範囲を超える精査が殆どされていないため、更なる検証を重ねる事には意義がある(Nguyen & Nation, 2011)。本論文は、日本語版 VST の最初の8000語レベルの単語出現頻度帯について、測定の一次元性と正確さの向上を目的に改訂を試み、その結果をまとめたものである。改訂作業においては、 (a) 音による推測が容易なカタカナ語を選択肢から排除し、 (b) 各選択肢の品詞を統一し、(c) 各選択肢の長さの均衡をとった。
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Kojima, Tomoyuki, Akira Uno, Akiko Mochida, Hiroshi Nakano, and Masahiro Kato. "Quantitative Linguistic Analysis of Particle Choice of Japanese Aphasic Patients. Fromthe Standpoint of Noun-Particle Combination." Higher Brain Function Research 15, no. 3 (1995): 249–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.2496/apr.15.249.

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Mochida, Akiko, Tomoyuki Kojima, Hiroshi Nakano, and Masahiro Kato. "Quantitative Linguistic Analysis of Particle Choice in Japanese Aphasic Patients. (2). From the Standpoint of Particle-Verb Combination." Higher Brain Function Research 15, no. 4 (1995): 329–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.2496/apr.15.329.

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미도리. "三人称の指示表現の選択に関する一考察-三人称代名詞「彼」を中心に-." Journal of japanese Language and Culture ll, no. 38 (April 2017): 7–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.17314/jjlc.2017..38.001.

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Ueda, Yutaka. "Use of Non-Volitional Subject and Noun Phrases in Written English." Journal of the Kyushu Dental Society 39, no. 6 (1985): 870–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.2504/kds.39.870.

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Chung, Mihwa. "The Newspaper Word List: A Specialised Vocabulary for Reading Newspapers." JALT Journal 31, no. 2 (November 1, 2009): 159. http://dx.doi.org/10.37546/jaltjj31.2-2.

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The primary purpose of this study is to identify words that are of special importance for reading newspapers. In the Newspaper Corpus of 579,849 running words, 588 word families are identified as Newspaper Words. These words account for 6.8% of the running words in the corpus. When combined, proper names and 2,521 families of the General Service List of English Words (GSL) and the NWL make up 92.5% of the running words in the corpus. This is lower than the 98% ideal coverage required for understanding a text successfully, but very high given the small vocabulary size. Thus, the NWL will give the best return for vocabulary learning to learners of English as a foreign language who wish to read newspapers as soon as possible. 本研究の目的は新聞を読むのに必要な語彙を特定することである。Newspaperコーパスに記載された579,849語の中から6.8%に上る588語をNewspaper Wordsとして選び出した。固有名詞、General Service List of English Wordsの2,521語、NWLの語彙を総計するとコーパスの92.5%になる。テキストを理解するのに必要とされている98%よりはやや低い数値であるが、NWL全体の総語数を考慮すれば非常に高い値であるということができる。したがってNWLは新聞英語を早く読めるようになりたいと望む英語学習者にとっては最も効率のよいものであるということができる。
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CHENG, Guobin. "“儒醫”概念的文化與政治意蘊." International Journal of Chinese & Comparative Philosophy of Medicine 12, no. 1 (January 1, 2014): 39–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.24112/ijccpm.121555.

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LANGUAGE NOTE | Document text in Chinese; abstract also in English.雖然中國歷史上儒者行醫是比較普遍的現象,但“儒醫”作為專有名詞出現是北宋時期。後世學者多在其文化意義上闡發這概念的社會學和倫理學意義,強調儒醫在知識結構和價值取向方面的特徵。本文對《宋會要輯稿》所輯錄北宋官方文件中“儒醫”一詞的前後語境及相關政策設計思路進行了考查,認為北宋官方提出“儒醫”概念,是在醫學社會發展需要和醫學社會地位低的雙重壓力下而採取的政策選擇,其目的是通過制度設計和文化正名的方式吸引儒生加入以加強醫學行業,同時也借此整合醫學,將醫學更好地統一於儒家的王政體系之中。The earliest definition of ruyi (Confucian physicians or literati-physicians) referred to the literati the imperial court intended to recruit for its Taiyiju, the Imperial Medical Services. The concept of ruyi emerged and gained popularity during the Song period, after which the Confucian physician occupied a unique position between the literatus and physician in the social hierarchy. From an institutional perspective, the official Hanlin Medical Institute functioned as a special medical service department whose major responsibility was to take care of the imperial family. The Imperial Medical Services, which had initially been under the jurisdiction of the Hanlin Artisans Institute, became part of the Guozijian, the Directorate of Education in the Song period, due to imperial sponsorship. This essay contends that the process of the “Confucianization of medical doctors” initiated by the court elevated the social position of physicians, making them members of the Confucian political system.Based on the Chinese historical work the Song Huiyao Jigao (Song Dynasty Manuscript Compendium), this essay discusses the cultural and political implications of literati-physicians during the Song Dynasty. It argues that although Confucian literati-physicians viewed themselves as the elite group in the realm of medical skills, the social dilemma of their “middle” social position was evident in the medical histories written during the period. The term ruyi is understood in three ways: (1) practical/medical skills; (2) the Confucian methodologies adopted in studying medicine; and (3) the Confucian ethical codes. Literati-physicians were expected to go beyond their professional boundaries and attain a social status parallel to the Confucian literati who passed through the thorny gate of the civil service examinations.DOWNLOAD HISTORY | This article has been downloaded 576 times in Digital Commons before migrating into this platform.
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AKABANE, Takahiro, Rie NOZAWA, Suzuka KOSUGI, Sayaka KIMURA, Chika SATO, Masayuki ARAI, and Takashi UNAGAMI. "A PROPOSAL FOR KANSEI WORDS SELECTING METHOD BASED ON MORPHEME ANALYSIS AND TF-IDF." Transactions of Japan Society of Kansei Engineering 8, no. 3 (2009): 691–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.5057/jjske.8.691.

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Kim, Hyun-cheol, and Yangyang Ming. "The Selection and Restriction of Verbs in the Sentence Pattern of ‘V+Zai+NL’." Journal of Chinese Language and Literature 113 (December 31, 2018): 47–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.25021/jcll.2018.12.113.47.

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KAWAHARA, DAISUKE, and SADAO KUROHASHI. "Zero Pronoun Resolution based on Automatically Constructed Case Frames and Structural Preference of Antecedents." Journal of Natural Language Processing 11, no. 3 (2004): 3–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.5715/jnlp.11.3_3.

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Nakano, Teiko, and Yoichi Tomiura. "Relationship between Errors and Corrections in Verb Selection: Basic Research for Composition Support." Journal of Natural Language Processing 18, no. 1 (2011): 3–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.5715/jnlp.18.3.

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"Text complexity and reading comprehension of Japanese CSL learners." Chinese as a Second Language Research 9, no. 2 (October 25, 2020): 277–312. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/caslar-2020-0011.

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提 要本研究以四篇不同文本複雜度(Text complexity)之短文為實驗材料, 共31位日籍華語學習者以紙筆施測與有聲思考(Think Aloud), 探究華語學習者之二語程度(L2 proficiency)與文本複雜度對詞彙猜測和閱讀理解的影響。結果顯示: (一)各文本之文意理解和詞義選擇達顯著差異(F = 8.290, p = .000; F = 28.226, p = .000), 閱讀理解則否; (二)二語能力中的詞彙知識和句法知識分別與閱讀理解及詞彙猜測表現皆達顯著正相關(r = .586, p = .001; r = .666, p = .000; r = .364, p = .044; r = 0.535, p = .002), 句法知識可代表解釋44.4%的閱讀理解變異及28.6%的詞彙猜測表現變異; (三)不論詞義透明度高低, 猜測最常用知識來源皆為文本線索。
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"閩南語「免」bian2的用法初探." Bulletin of Chinese Linguistics 9, no. 1 (December 9, 2016): 58–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/2405478x-00901006.

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The paper explores the uses ofbian2 免 in Southern Min from a synchronic and diachronic perspective. It not only occurs in negative imperatives, but also in the non-finite clause in indicative sentences in Ming and Qing playscripts. Negative imperatives are used to show that the speaker requests the addressee to make preparatory actions to avoid unpleasant behavior. The construction featuringput4bian2 不免 indicates that the speaker performs an act that does not result from an optimal choice.M7bian2 毋免 in modern Southern Min differs drastically fromput4bian2 不免 in the Ming and Qing in thatm7 毋 is a form devoid of any meaning in the former, whereas the latter involves double negation. Furthermore,bian2 in modern Southern Min either combines with other negatives likebi7 未 to yield a frozen expression reflecting the subjective attitude of the speaker, or withkong2 講 to form another freeze taking on the function of a parenthetical.本文從共時和歷時的觀點探討閩南語中「免」的用法。明清時期「免」除否定祈使式外,也用於帶非限定目的補語直陳句式中,表示說話者由於先有請求對方的準備動作,自己可以免於從事不悅的行為。「不免」句式表示說話者從事不是最佳選項的行為,現代閩南語的「毋免」和明清時期的「不免」大相逕庭,前者「免」為有形無義的語詞,後者為雙重否定。此外,現代閩南語「免」和其他否定語詞(如「未」)形成凝固語式,反映說話者的主觀看法,或和動詞「講」形成凝固語式,帶有插入語的功能。(This article is in Chinese.)
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"Chances and Challenges: 從演化網絡的角度來研究漢語方言史——機遇與挑戰." Bulletin of Chinese Linguistics 8, no. 1 (January 14, 2015): 27–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/2405478x-00801002.

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提要 目前,學界對漢語方言歷史的了解還不夠完整。語言學家運用各種傳統方法與標準,試圖從假設的共同祖語來擬定聲調或音段的發展,從而界定主要的方言區。但是,有關聲調、音段的發展細節,學界尚遠未達成共識。學者們意見不統一的主要原因在於語言接觸在漢語方言歷史上所扮演的角色。漢語方言的情況跟其他語言不一樣:它們從來沒有真正分開過,也從來沒有獨立地發展,而是不斷在相互影響中演變。因此,我們很難確定方言之間的共同特征是從祖語繼承而來的還是從其他方言中借過來的。最新的生物學演化網絡方法可以作為借鑒,這昭示出歷史語言學一個新的探索方向。這類方法運用縱向及橫向網絡以了解細菌的演化過程。語言學家開始運用這些方法來研究語言的發展,并已獲得可喜的初步成績。本文以漢語方言作為專題研究,運用演化網絡方法來分析漢語歷史語言學的問題。在具體操作上,我們精心挑選了200個核心詞彙,並在該基礎上建立了23種漢語方言的數據集。隨後,筆者針對漢語方言的各種分類理論作出了不同的比較和測試,從而判斷其普遍合理性。比較的結果表明,演化網絡方法對漢語方言史的定量和定性研究起到了舉足輕重的補充作用。為了充分發揮其潛力,我們需要建立更適合語言學研究的演化發展模型,例如加入地理信息等其他佐證,才能夠更全面、更細緻地描述漢語方言的歷史演變。
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