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Journal articles on the topic '004.05 (0.43.3)'

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Published: 30 May 2022

Last updated: 19 July 2025

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1

Figler, Mária, Beata Gasztonyi, Judit Cseh, et al. "Association ofn-3 andn-6 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids in plasma lipid classes with inflammatory bowel diseases." British Journal of Nutrition 97, no. 6 (2007): 1154–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0007114507682956.

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In order to establish the biochemical basis for dietary interventions, we investigated the fatty acid composition of plasma lipid classes in patients with inactive inflammatory bowel disease. In this cross-sectional study thirty patients with ulcerative colitis (UC), twenty-one with Crohn disease (CD) and twenty-four controls were investigated (mean age: UC, 40·8 (sd12·1); CD, 37·6 (sd11·0); control, 31·5 (sd8·4) years). Fatty acid composition of plasma lipids was determined by high-resolution capillary GLC. In plasma phospholipids, significantly higher values of eicosapentaenoic (20 : 5n-3),

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GIDDING, H. F., D. MAHAJAN, J. REEKIE, A. R. LLOYD, D. E. DWYER, and T. BUTLER. "Hepatitis B immunity in Australia: a comparison of national and prisoner population serosurveys." Epidemiology and Infection 143, no. 13 (2015): 2813–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0950268814003914.

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SUMMARYIn Australia, hepatitis B (HBV) vaccination is recommended for injecting drug users (IDUs), Indigenous adults and prisoners. We compared immunity to HBV in prisoners and the general population obtained from national serosurveys in 2007. Individuals with HBV surface antibody (HBsAb) positive sera were considered immune from past infection [HBV core antibody (HBcAb) positive] or from vaccination (HBcAb negative). Male prisoners aged 18–58 years had a higher HBsAb seroprevalence than the general population (46·4% vs. 39·4%, P = 0·061). Comparison of HBcAb results was possible for males age

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Sinclair, A. G., S. A. Edwards, S. Hoste, A. McCartney, and V. R. Fowler. "Partitioning of dietary protein during lactation in the Meishan synthetic and European White breeds of pig." Animal Science 62, no. 2 (1996): 355–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1357729800014673.

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AbstractLitter size of commercial European sow lines can be increased by the introduction of genes from the highly prolific, but obese Meishan. The introduction of these genes into sow lines may necessitate different nutritional strategies for lactation. A 2 × 2 × 2 factorial experiment was used to investigate the influence of breed type (Meishan synthetic 50% (M) or purebred European Landrace and Large White (W)) and parity (1 or 3) on response to dietery protein level (H = 178 g crude protein (CP) per kg 8 g lysine per kg, L = 136 g CP per kg 5 g lysine per kg over a 5-week lactation. M were

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Micallef, Michelle, Irene Munro, Melinda Phang, and Manohar Garg. "Plasma n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids are negatively associated with obesity." British Journal of Nutrition 102, no. 9 (2009): 1370–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0007114509382173.

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The objective of the present study was to investigate the relationship between plasma n-3 PUFA composition and weight status. A total of 124 adults, stratified by weight status: healthy weight (n 21), overweight (n 40) and obese (n 63) were recruited. Fasting blood samples, anthropometric measures and body composition were collected. Plasma fatty acid composition was determined by GC. BMI, waist circumference and hip circumference were inversely correlated with n-3 PUFA, EPA and DHA (P < 0·05 for all) in the obese group. Obese individuals had significantly lower plasma concentrations of tot

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Collins, Clare E., Philip J. Morgan, Janet M. Warren, David R. Lubans, and Robin Callister. "Men participating in a weight-loss intervention are able to implement key dietary messages, but not those relating to vegetables or alcohol: the Self-Help, Exercise and Diet using Internet Technology (SHED-IT) study." Public Health Nutrition 14, no. 1 (2010): 168–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1368980010001916.

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AbstractObjectiveTo describe dietary changes in men participating in an obesity intervention as part of the Self-Help, Exercise and Diet using Information Technology (SHED-IT) study.DesignAn assessor-blinded randomized controlled trial comparing Internet (n 34) v. information-only groups (n 31) with 6-month follow-up. Dietary intake assessed by FFQ, reporting usual consumption of seventy-four foods and six alcoholic beverages using a 10-point frequency scale. A single portion size (PSF) factor was calculated based on photographs to indicate usual serving sizes.SettingThe campus community of th

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Fisher, A. D., M. A. Crowe, D. J. Prendiville, and W. J. Enright. "Indoor space allowance: effects on growth, behaviour, adrenal and immune responses of finishing beef heifers." Animal Science 64, no. 1 (1997): 53–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s135772980001554x.

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AbstractThe objective was to determine the daily live-weight gain, behaviour, adrenal and immune responses of finishing beef heifers housed at two different space allowances. Heifers (no. = 32) with a mean live weight of466 (s.e. 3·6) kg were assigned to either 1·5 or 3·0 m2 average individual space allowance in four slatted-floor pens (two per treatment) for a period of 104 days. On days 5, 40, 68 and 96, heifers (no. = eight per treatment, four per pen) were challenged with 1·98 i.u. ACTH per kg M0·75, and serial blood samples were analysed for plasma cortisol concentrations. The other 16 he

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Sinclair, A. G., J. M. Shaw, S. A. Edwards, S. Hoste, and A. McCartney. "The effect of dietary protein level on milk yield and composition and piglet growth and composition of the Meishan synthetic and European White breeds of sow." Animal Science 68, no. 4 (1999): 701–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1357729800050724.

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AbstractCurrent feeding recommendations for lactating sows may be inappropriate for modern genotypes with high milk production. The introduction of the prolific but obese Meishan breed into sow lines also necessitates a review of nutrient requirements. A 2 × 2 factorial experiment was used to investigate the influence of breed type (Meishan synthetic 50% (M) and purebred European White (W) on response to dietary protein level (L = 140 g crude protein (CP) per kg, 6 g lysine per kg; H = 181 g CP per kg, 9 g lysine per kg) over a 5-week lactation. Milk yield (days 5, 9, 13,17, 21 and 28), milk c

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Offer, N. W., M. Marsden, J. Dixon, B. K. Speake, and F. E. Thacker. "Effect of dietary fat supplements on levels of n-3 poly-unsaturated fatty acids,transacids and conjugated linoleic acid in bovine milk." Animal Science 69, no. 3 (1999): 613–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s135772980005147x.

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AbstractThe effects of three fat supplements on milk yield and composition were measured using 12 mid-lactation in-calf Hoistein-Friesian cows in a balanced incomplete change-over design over three periods each of 3 weeks. All cows received a basal diet consisting of 36 kg/day grass silage (dry matter (DM) 270 g/kg, metabolizable energy (ME) 11·6 MJ/kg DM) and 7 kg/day o f a concentrate mixture containing (g/kg) rolled barley (501), molassed sugar-beet pulp shreds (277), soya-bean meal (208) and a standard cow mineral supplement (14). Treatments were CON (control-no supplement); LIN and FISH (

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Swords, Chloe, Reshma Ghedia, Hannah Blanchford, et al. "Socioeconomic and ethnic disparities associated with access to cochlear implantation for severe-to-profound hearing loss: A multicentre observational study of UK adults." PLOS Medicine 21, no. 4 (2024): e1004296. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pmed.1004296.

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Background Patients with severe-to-profound hearing loss may benefit from management with cochlear implants. These patients need a referral to a cochlear implant team for further assessment and possible surgery. The referral pathway may result in varied access to hearing healthcare. This study aimed to explore referral patterns and whether there were any socioeconomic or ethnic associations with the likelihood of referral. The primary outcome was to determine factors influencing referral for implant assessment. The secondary outcome was to identify factors impacting whether healthcare professi

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McLeod, M. N., and B. R. Smith. "Eating and ruminating behaviour in cattle given forages differing in fibre content." Animal Production 48, no. 3 (1989): 503–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0003356100004025.

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ABSTRACTA study was made of the effect of fibre level in forages on eating and rumination behaviour. Eight forage diets were prepared from the leaf and stem fractions of two grasses and two legumes and were given at hourly intervals to four steers under steady-state conditions. Eating and rumination behaviour were measured automatically by recording changes in intra-oesophageal pressure.Mean voluntary intake of leaf was higher than that of the stem fractions (9·9 v. 5·6 kg/day; P < 0·001). This was associated with a shorter mean retention time in the rumen of the leaf than that of the stem

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RUPA, V., R. ISAAC, G. REBEKAH, and A. MANOHARAN. "Association of Streptococcus pneumoniae nasopharyngeal colonization and other risk factors with acute otitis media in an unvaccinated Indian birth cohort." Epidemiology and Infection 144, no. 10 (2016): 2191–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0950268816000248.

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SUMMARYIn order to study the epidemiology of acute otitis media (AOM) and Streptococcus pneumoniae nasopharyngeal colonization in the first 2 years of life, we followed up an unvaccinated birth cohort monthly and at visits when sick, with otoscopy to detect AOM and performed nasopharyngeal swabbing to detect S. pneumoniae. Serotyping of positive cultures was also performed. Of 210 babies who were enrolled at birth, 61 (29·05%) experienced 128 episodes of AOM [relative risk 2·63, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1·21–5·75] with maximum incidence in the second half of the first year of life. Episode

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Rhind, S. M., J. Bass, and J. M. Doney. "Pattern of milk production of East Friesland and Scottish Blackface ewes and associated blood metabolite and hormone profiles." Animal Science 54, no. 2 (1992): 265–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0003356100036898.

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AbstractPatterns of milk production and circulating blood metabolite and hormone concentrations were determined throughout a 14-week lactation in groups of 10 twin-rearing East Friesland EF) and Scottish Blackface (SBF) ewes. All ewes were offered, ad libitum, a pelleted diet throughout the experiment and milk yields were measured weekly. Pooled blood samples (six samples, 20-min intervals), collected before feeding, on 1 day of each week, were assayed for plasma glucose, non-esterfied fatty acids, 3-hydroxybutyrate (3-OHB), albumin, total protein, insulin, growth hormone (GH), cortisol, prola

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PATTERSON, D. C., T. YAN, F. J. GORDON, and D. J. KILPATRICK. "Effects of bacterial inoculation of unwilted and wilted grass silages. 2. Intake, performance and eating behaviour by dairy cattle." Journal of Agricultural Science 131, no. 1 (1998): 113–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021859698005590.

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Four grass silages, namely unwilted and wilted silages each with and without bacterial inoculation, were prepared on each of eight harvesting occasions during the 1994 growing season (Yan et al. 1998). The four silages, made at each harvest, were offered ad libitum to 48 lactating dairy cows in a 2 (control v. additive)×2 (unwilted v. wilted)×8 (harvest (period)) change-over design experiment with 3-week experimental periods. The animals also received 6·9 kg dry matter (DM) of a concentrate supplement daily during the first period and then the allowance of the supplement was reduced by 0·43 kg

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Ryan, Siobhan, David Gleeson, Kieran Jordan, Ambrose Furey, Kathleen O'Sullivan, and Bernadette O'Brien. "Strategy for the reduction of Trichloromethane residue levels in farm bulk milk." Journal of Dairy Research 80, no. 2 (2013): 184–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022029913000113.

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High fat dairy products, such as butter and margarine can be contaminated during the milk production process with a residue called Trichloromethane (TCM), which results from the use of chlorine based detergent solutions. Although, TCM concentrations in Irish products are not at levels that are a public health issue, such contamination can cause marketing difficulties in countries to which Irish products are being exported. In an attempt to reduce such milk residues, a template procedure was developed, tried and tested on 43 farms (from 3 processing companies). This involved identifying farms w

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Kenny, D. A., M. P. Boland, M. G. Diskin, and J. M. Sreenan. "Effect of rumen degradable protein with or without fermentable carbohydrate supplementation on blood metabolites and embryo survival in cattle." Animal Science 74, no. 3 (2002): 529–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1357729800052681.

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AbstractHigh intakes of dietary protein, particularly rumen degradable protein (RDP), lead to elevations in systemic concentrations of ammonia and (or) urea and these may be increased further if associated with inadequate fermentable energy intake. High systemic concentrations of ammonia and urea have been associated with reduced reproductive performance in cattle. The objective of this study was to examine the effect of RDP and fermentable energy intake on a range of blood metabolites and on embryo survival in heifers. Oestrous synchronized, nulliparous beef heifers (no. = 162) were randomly

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O'Doherty, J. V., and T. F. Crosby. "Blood metabolite concentrations in late pregnant ewes as indicators of nutritional status." Animal Science 66, no. 3 (1998): 675–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1357729800009243.

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AbstractIn a feeding experiment β-hydroxybutyrate (BHB), glucose, albumin, total protein, globulin and urea concentrations in the plasma of twin-bearing ewes were analysed. Mature Suffolk cross ewes were given either formic acid (FA)-treated grass silage or grasslmolassed sugar-beet pulp (MSBP) silage in late pregnancy. The experiment commenced on day 91 of pregnancy and the dietary treatments were FA-treated silage (Tl), FA-treated silage + soya-bean meal (SBM) (T2), MSBP silage (T3), MSBP silage + SBM (T4), FA-treated silage + MSBP (T5), FA-treated silage + MSBP + SBM (T6) or FA-treated sila

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Keady, T. W. J., C. S. Mayne, and M. Marsden. "The effects of concentrate energy source on silage intake and animal performance with lactating dairy cows offered a range of grass silages." Animal Science 66, no. 1 (1998): 21–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1357729800008808.

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AbstractA partially balanced change-over design experiment was made to examine the effects of concentrate energy source on the voluntary food intake and animal performance of 50 lactating dairy cows offered a diverse range of grass silages. The silages were also offered as the sole diet to 10 dairy cows in a partially balanced change-over design experiment. A total of five silages were prepared. Silages A, B and D and silages C and E were harvested from primary regrowths and secondary regrowths respectively of predominantly perennial ryegrass swards. Herbage was ensiled either pre-wilted or un

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Ahn, Eun-Mi, Soo-Chul Cho, Myoungsook Lee, and Youn-Soo Cha. "Serum carnitine, triglyceride and cholesterol profiles in Korean neonates." British Journal of Nutrition 98, no. 2 (2007): 373–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0007114507708814.

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This study evaluated carnitine and lipid status of fifty Korean newborns. Each subject was assigned to two groups: one according to body weight at birth and the other according to gestational age. Serum total, HDL- and LDL-cholesterol were significantly lower and triacylglycerols were significantly higher, by 14 %, in the low birth weight infant (LBWI, 1310–2490 g) group compared with the normal birth weight infant (NBWI, 2570–4420 g) group. Neither birth weight nor gestational age affected serum total carnitine concentrations. However, serum ASAC (acid-soluble acylcarnitine) concentrations we

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de Freitas Borges, Tânia, Francielle Alves Mendes, Terezinha Rezende Carvalho de Oliveira, Célio Jesus do Prado, and Flávio Domingues das Neves. "Overdenture with immediate load: mastication and nutrition." British Journal of Nutrition 105, no. 7 (2010): 990–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s000711451000471x.

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Lower conventional complete dentures were converted to overdentures retained by two implants with an immediately loaded bar-clip system (n 16). The masticatory performance test was carried out using ‘Optocal’ after forty chewing strokes. Nutritional condition was evaluated by means of a Mini-Nutritional-Assessment questionnaire. No individual was classified as malnourished. The masticatory performance test demonstrated a statistically significant difference before conversion (baseline) and 3 and 6 months after conversion of the lower conventional complete denture to an implant-retained overden

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Kenny, D. A., M. P. Boland, M. G. Diskin, and J. M. Sreenan. "Effect of pasture crude protein and fermentable energy supplementation on blood metabolite and progesterone concentrations and on embryo survival in heifers." Animal Science 73, no. 3 (2001): 501–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1357729800058471.

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AbstractSeasonal milk production systems rely on heavy inputs of nitrogenous fertilizer, which typically generate pastures with a high crude protein (CP) and low fermentable energy concentration. High intake of CP, particularly in association with low rumen fermentable energy, increases systemic ammonia and urea and has been associated with reduced fertility in cattle. The objective of this study was to examine the relationship between pasture protein intake and fermentable energy supplementation on a range of blood metabolites and on embryo survival and development in cattle.Oestrous synchron

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Jones, G. P., and P. C. Garnsworthy. "The effects of dietary energy content on the response of dairy cows to body condition at calving." Animal Science 49, no. 2 (1989): 183–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s000335610003230x.

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ABSTRACTFour groups of six cows were fed from 12 weeks before calving to achieve condition scores at calving of 3·23 (F) and 1·98 (T). For the first 20 weeks of lactation all cows were given 10 kg/day of isonitrogenous (180 g crude protein per kg dry matter (DM)) compounds containing either a high (13·0 MJ/kg DM; HE) or a low (9·8 MJ/kg DM; LE) concentration of metabolizable energy, together with 3 kg/day molassed sugar-beet pulp and hay offered ad libitum.The mean milk yield of cows receiving compound HE (27·7 kg/day) was higher (P > 0·05) than that of cows receiving compound LE (25·6 kg/d

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Maitland, Laura, Harald Veen, David Harrison, James Baden, and Shehan Hettiaratchy. "6 Analysis of 983 civilian blast and ballistic casualties and the generation of a predictive model of injury burden." BMJ Military Health 169, no. 2 (2023): e1.6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/military-2022-ukdsr.6.

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IntroductionWars, such as in Ukraine, as well as terror attacks cause blast and ballistic casualties that are unusual in civilian practice. The immediate surgical response has not been systematically characterised due to the unpredictable, stochastic nature of such mass casualty events. We studied how the military trauma system managed civilian casualties during the Afghanistan conflict (2009-2014), to quantify and assess the surgical response to blast and ballistic injuries managed in a developed world paradigm and may be a tool for Emergency Preparedness, Resilience and Response (EPRR) plann

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Iwasaki, Atsushi, Takayuki Saitoh, Chiaki Ushie, et al. "Polymorphisms of IL-10, IL-17A, IL-17F and IL-18 Affect the Clinical Features of Multiple Myeloma in Japanese Patients." Blood 120, no. 21 (2012): 4972. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v120.21.4972.4972.

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Abstract Abstract 4972 Background: The growth of plasma cells in multiple myeloma (MM) is dependent on a complex interplay among various cytokines, adhesion molecules and other factors in the tumor microenvironment. Several cytokines, including Interleukin (IL)-6, IL-10 and IL-17 have been shown to promote myeloma cell growth in vitro. Furthermore, several investigators have shown the increase in levels of serum IL-6, IL-10, IL-17, and IL-18 in MM patients compared with healthy donors. Although many studies have shown that the dysregulation of these cytokines can be associated with MM developm

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Jondrevillea, C., R. Hayler, and D. Feuerstein. "Replacement of zinc sulphate by microbial phytase for piglets given a maize-soya-bean meal diet." Animal Science 81, no. 1 (2005): 77–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/asc41440077.

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AbstractForty-eight pigs, weaned at 27 days of age at an average body weight of 7·55 kg were used in a 19-day experiment to investigate the influence of microbial phytase on zinc utilization and to calculate equivalency values of zinc as sulphate for microbial phytase. Eight experimental diets were formulated: a maize-soya-bean meal basal diet containing 30 mg of zinc per kg supplemented with 10, 25, 40 or 100 mg of zinc from sulphate (ZnSO4, 7H2O) per kg or with 100, 250, 500 or 750 units (U) of microbial phytase (3- phytase from Aspergillus niger, Natuphos ®) per kg. The dietary supplies of

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Sekeres, Mikkael A., Jaroslaw P. Maciejewski, David W. Donley, et al. "A Study Comparing Dosing Regimens and Efficacy of Subcutaneous to Intravenous Azacitidine (AZA) for the Treatment of Myelodysplastic Syndromes (MDS)." Blood 114, no. 22 (2009): 3797. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v114.22.3797.3797.

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Abstract Abstract 3797 Poster Board III-733 Background AZA, the most commonly used disease-modifying therapy for MDS in the US, demonstrates a survival advantage in higher-risk (International Prognostic Scoring System [IPSS] Int-2, High, or excess blasts) MDS subtypes. It was approved by the US FDA in 2004 as a 7-day per 28-day, subcutaneous (SC) regimen, based on response rates, with the 7-day intravenous (IV) route approved in 2007 based on efficacy data from the CALGB 8421 study and pharmacokinetic data. This registry allows for the evaluation of community based practices for dosing and eff

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Sibbald, A. M., and S. M. Rhind. "The effect of previous body condition on appetite and associated insulin profiles in sheep." Animal Science 64, no. 2 (1997): 247–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1357729800015800.

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AbstractThe effect of previous level of body condition on appetite was studied in 47 housed Scottish Blackface ewes, which had been either thin (L: mean condition score 2·15, s.e. 0·030; no. = 24) or fat (H: mean condition score 3·15, s.e. 0·056; no. = 23) 8 weeks before the start of the experiment. The mean daily voluntary food intake (VFI) of a dried grass pellet diet was higher for the L than for the H ewes (2176 v. 1727 g dry matter per day; P < 0·001) during the first 6 weeks of the experiment (period 1). Over this time, live weights increased from 60·5 or 69·9 (s.e.d. 1·68) to 68·4 or

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Nowak, R., I. R. Young, and I. C. McMillen. "Emergence of the diurnal rhythm in plasma melatonin concentrations in newborn lambs delivered to intact or pinealectomized ewes." Journal of Endocrinology 125, no. 1 (1990): 97–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.1677/joe.0.1250097.

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ABSTRACT We have monitored the 24-h profiles of plasma melatonin concentrations between birth and 10 weeks of age, in lambs which were delivered to, and suckled, either pineal-intact (control group) or pinealectomized (pinealectomized group) ewes. Between 0 and 2 weeks of age, plasma concentrations of melatonin in lambs suckling either intact or pinealectomized ewes were highest at 01.00 h. At this age, however, there was no significant difference in the mean plasma concentrations of melatonin between the entire dark and light phases in lambs in either the control group (dark, 39·7 ± 6·0 (s.e.

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Pearson, Natalie, Lauren Williams, David Crawford, and Kylie Ball. "Maternal and best friends’ influences on meal-skipping behaviours." British Journal of Nutrition 108, no. 5 (2012): 932–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s000711451100612x.

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Skipping meals is particularly common during adolescence and can have a detrimental effect on multiple aspects of adolescent health. Understanding the correlates of meal-skipping behaviours is important for the design of nutrition interventions. The present study examined maternal and best friends’ influences on adolescent meal-skipping behaviours. Frequency of skipping breakfast, lunch and dinner was assessed using a Web-based survey completed by 3001 adolescent boys and girls from years 7 and 9 of secondary schools in Victoria, Australia. Perceived best friend and maternal meal skipping, mod

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Ruiz, Ortiz Martín, Cristina Ogayar, Elías Romo, et al. "Long-term survival in elderly patients with stable coronary disease." European Journal of Clinical Investigation 43, no. 8 (2013): 774–82. https://doi.org/10.1111/eci.12105.

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<strong>Background: </strong>This study aimed to assess long-term prognosis of stable coronary artery disease (sCAD) in patients aged ≥ 75 years and to identify clinical predictors of cardiovascular and overall mortality. <strong>Materials and methods: </strong>From February 2000 to January 2007, 391 outpatients aged ≥ 75 years (median 78 years, interquartile range [IQR] 76-81 years, 66% male) with sCAD were recruited in this prospective cohort study. Associations of baseline variables with long-term cardiovascular and all-cause death were investigated. <strong>Results: </

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GOKA, E. A., P. J. VALLELY, K. J. MUTTON, and P. E. KLAPPER. "Single, dual and multiple respiratory virus infections and risk of hospitalization and mortality." Epidemiology and Infection 143, no. 1 (2014): 37–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0950268814000302.

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SUMMARYRespiratory virus infections cause a significant number of hospitalization and deaths globally. This study investigated the association between single and multiple respiratory virus infections and risk of admission to a general ward, intensive care unit or death in patients aged 0–105 years (mean ± s.d. = 24·4 ± 24·1 years), from North West England, that were tested for respiratory virus infections between January 2007 and June 2012. The majority of infections were in children aged ⩽5 years. Dual or multiple infections occurred in 10·4% (1214/11 715) of patients, whereas single infectio

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Utzschneider, Kristina M., Jennifer L. Bayer-Carter, Matthew D. Arbuckle, Jaime M. Tidwell, Todd L. Richards, and Suzanne Craft. "Beneficial effect of a weight-stable, low-fat/low-saturated fat/low-glycaemic index diet to reduce liver fat in older subjects." British Journal of Nutrition 109, no. 6 (2012): 1096–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0007114512002966.

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Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease is associated with insulin resistance and dyslipidaemia and can progress to steatohepatitis and cirrhosis. We sought to determine whether dietary fat and saturated fat content alter liver fat in the absence of weight change in an older population. Liver fat was quantified by magnetic resonance spectroscopy before and after 4 weeks on an isoenergetic low-fat/low-saturated fat/low-glycaemic index (LGI) (LSAT: 23 % fat/7 % saturated fat/GI < 55) or a high-fat/high-saturated fat/high-GI (HSAT: 43 % fat/24 % saturated fat/GI>70) diet in older subjects. In the

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Rowe, J. B., J. V. Nolan, G. de Chaneet, E. Teleni, and P. H. Holmes. "The effect of haemonchosis and blood loss into the abomasum on digestion in sheep." British Journal of Nutrition 59, no. 1 (1988): 125–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/bjn19880016.

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1. An experiment was conducted to determine the effect of the abomasal parasite, Haemonchus contortus, on the pattern of digestion and nutrient utilization in Merino sheep. There were three groups of sheep: infected with H. contortus (300 larvae/kg live weight) (n 5), sham-infected by transferring blood from the jugular vein to the abomasum, and uninfected (control) sheep (n 9) which were fed daily rations equal to amounts consumed by ‘paired’ animals in the two other treatment groups. A diet containing (g/kg): lucerne (Medicago sativa) chaff 490, oat chaff 480, ground limestone 10, urea 10, a

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Ramadan, Khaled M., Joseph M. Connors, Abdulwahab J. Al-Tourah, et al. "Myeloablative Allogeneic Stem Cell Transplantation for Relapsed Composite Low and Intermediate Grade Lymphoma Is Not Superior to Autologous Stem Cell Transplantation - Reduced Relapse Risk Is Offset by Higher Treatment Related Mortality." Blood 108, no. 11 (2006): 3039. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v108.11.3039.3039.

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Abstract No reports compare autologous and allogeneic stem cell transplantation (auto-SCT vs allo-SCT) for patients (pts) with relapsed (REL) composite low and intermediate grade non-Hodgkin lymphoma (L/I-NHL). Fifty four pts with composite L/I-NHL (30 transformed, 16 composite(same site), 8 discordant(different sites)) who underwent allo (n=40) or auto-SCT (n=14) from Jan ‘89 to June ‘05 were evaluated (Table 1) to compare long-term results. Twenty pts (37%) (11/40 allo and 9/14 auto) are alive with median follow-up of 32 months (range 10–87). The 2 and 5-y OS for the whole group were 43% [95

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Liu, Yun, Rong Huang, Qunying Guo, et al. "Baseline higher peritoneal transport had been associated with worse nutritional status of incident continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis patients in Southern China: a 1-year prospective study." British Journal of Nutrition 114, no. 3 (2015): 398–405. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0007114515001804.

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The aim of the present study was to investigate the relationship between baseline peritoneal transport types and nutritional status in Chinese continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) patients. In the present single-centre, prospective study, incident CAPD patients were included from 15 April 2010 to 31 December 2011 and were followed up for 12 months. According to the results of baseline peritoneal equilibration test, patients were divided into lower peritoneal transport group (lower transporters) and higher peritoneal transport group (higher transporters). Nutritional status was eval

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Falconer, J., J. A. Owens, E. Allotta, and J. S. Robinson. "Effect of restriction of placental growth on the concentrations of insulin, glucose and placental lactogen in the plasma of sheep." Journal of Endocrinology 106, no. 1 (1985): 7–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1677/joe.0.1060007.

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ABSTRACT The effect of restricting placental growth on maternal glucose, insulin and placental lactogen was investigated in 16 ewes carrying singleton lambs. Uterine caruncles were removed from seven ewes (caruncle ewes) before pregnancy, resulting in reduced placental size and retarded intra-uterine fetal growth. The concentration of insulin in maternal plasma was similar in both control and caruncle ewes. The concentration of glucose was significantly higher in the caruncle than in the control ewes (3·26 ± 0·15 (s.e.m.) mmol/l, number of observations (n) = 9, vs 2·75 ± 0·1, n = 9, P<0·02,

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Henriques, Ana, Vânia Teixeira, Hugo FV Cardoso, and Ana Azevedo. "The influence of stunting on obesity in adulthood: results from the EPIPorto cohort." Public Health Nutrition 21, no. 10 (2018): 1819–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1368980018000460.

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AbstractObjectiveTo retrospectively investigate the association between short stature and increased sitting height ratio (SHR) – indicators of stunting – and obesity markers in adults.DesignCross-sectional evaluation of the EPIPorto cohort. Weight, height, sitting height and waist circumference were measured. Obesity was assessed for men and women through BMI and waist-to-height ratio (WHtR). Short stature (women, <152 cm; men, <164 cm) and high SHR (women, ≥54·05 %; men, ≥53·25 %) were taken as stunting measures. OR with 95 % CI were computed using logistic regression models.SettingRepr

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Savani, Bipin N., Katayoun Rezvani, Stephan Mielke, et al. "Factors associated with early molecular remission after T cell-depleted allogeneic stem cell transplantation for chronic myelogenous leukemia." Blood 107, no. 4 (2006): 1688–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood-2005-05-1897.

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Eighty patients with chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) underwent T cell-depleted stem cell transplantation from an HLA-identical sibling, with add-back of donor T cells on days 30 to 45 and days 60 to 100 in patients in whom grade 2 or greater acute graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) developed. The outcomes for 54 patients with chronic-phase (CP) and 26 with advanced-phase (AP) disease were as follows: overall survival, 85% ± 5% versus 36% ± 10%; transplantation-related mortality (TRM), 13% ± 5% versus 43% ± 11%; and current leukemia-free survival, 76% ± 6% versus 34% ± 9%. The day-30 lymphocyte co

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Keogh, Jennifer B., Natalie D. Luscombe-Marsh, Manny Noakes, Gary A. Wittert, and Peter M. Clifton. "Long-term weight maintenance and cardiovascular risk factors are not different following weight loss on carbohydrate-restricted diets high in either monounsaturated fat or protein in obese hyperinsulinaemic men and women." British Journal of Nutrition 97, no. 2 (2007): 405–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0007114507252687.

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The aim of this study was to determine after 52 weeks whether advice to follow a lower carbohydrate diet, either high in monounsaturated fat or low fat, high in protein had differential effects in a free-living community setting. Following weight loss on either a high monounsaturated fat, standard protein (HMF; 50 % fat, 20 % protein (67 g/d), 30 % carbohydrate) or a high protein, moderate fat (HP) (40 % protein (136 g/d), 30 % fat, 30 % carbohydrate) energy-restricted diet (6000 kJ/d) subjects were asked to maintain the same dietary pattern without intensive dietary counselling for the follow

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CORCORAN, M., I. VICKERS, J. MERECKIENE, et al. "The epidemiology of invasive pneumococcal disease in older adults in the post-PCV era. Has there been a herd effect?" Epidemiology and Infection 145, no. 11 (2017): 2390–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0950268817001194.

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SUMMARYThe 7 and 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccines (PCVs) have reduced the incidence of invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD) in children in many countries. The objective of this work was to assess the impact of PCVs and potential herd-protection in older adults in Ireland. IPD notification and typing data from adults ⩾65 years of age from July 2007 to June 2016 was assessed using national surveillance data. There was a 94% reduction in PCV7 serotypes from 2007–2008 to 2015–2016, incidence rate ratio (IRR 0·05, P < 0·0001). However, there was no decline in the additional PCV13 (PCV13-

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JIN, H., Y. ZHAO, X. ZHANG, B. WANG, and P. LIU. "Case-fatality risk of pregnant women with acute viral hepatitis type E: a systematic review and meta-analysis." Epidemiology and Infection 144, no. 10 (2016): 2098–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0950268816000418.

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SUMMARYIt is of great concern that pregnant women with acute viral hepatitis (AVH) type E have serious consequences. This study aimed to estimate the case-fatality risk (CFR) and potential risk factors of pregnant women with AVH type E. We searched the PubMed, EMBASE, and Web of Science databases for studies containing data on CFR in pregnancy with AVH type E. A pooled estimate of CFR was calculated using a random-effects model. Potential sources of heterogeneity were explored using subgroup analysis, sensitivity analysis, and meta-regression. We identified 47 eligible studies with a total Afr

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FERRIS, C. P., F. J. GORDON, D. C. PATTERSON, C. S. MAYNE, and D. J. KILPATRICK. "The influence of dairy cow genetic merit on the direct and residual response to level of concentrate supplementation." Journal of Agricultural Science 132, no. 4 (1999): 467–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021859699006474.

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Twenty-eight high genetic merit and 32 medium genetic merit Holstein/Friesian dairy cows with Predicted Transmitting Abilities for milk fat plus protein yield, calculated using 1995 as the base year (PTA95 fat plus protein) of 43·3 and 1·0 kg respectively, were used in a continuous design, 2 (cow genotypes)×4 (concentrate proportion in diet) factorial experiment consisting of eight treatments. Concentrate proportions in the diet were 0·37, 0·48, 0·59 and 0·70 of total dry matter (DM), while the forage component of the diet was grass silage. Diets were offered ad libitum in the form of a comple

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Fonseca, A. J. M., A. A. Dias-da-Silva, and A. L. G. Lourenço. "Effects of maize and citrus-pulp supplementation of urea-treated wheat straw on intake and productivity in female lambs." Animal Science 73, no. 1 (2001): 123–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1357729800058124.

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AbstractTwo experiments with lambs given food indoors and individually penned were designed to study the effects of different levels of ground maize and citrus pulp as supplements of a diet based on urea-treated straw (5 kg urea per 100 kg straw) offered ad libitum over a period of 16 weeks (experiment 1) or 10 weeks (experiment 2). The voluntary intake, live-weight gain (LWG), organic matter digestibility (OMD), urinary allantoin-nitrogen (UAN) excretion and acetate clearance rate were measured. The lambs were blocked on weight and randomly assigned to the treatments described below. Ruminal

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Diness, Birgitte R., Cesário L. Martins, Carlitos Balé, et al. "The effect of high-dose vitamin A supplementation at birth on measles incidence during the first 12 months of life in boys and girls: an unplanned study within a randomised trial." British Journal of Nutrition 105, no. 12 (2011): 1819–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0007114510005532.

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Vitamin A treatment reduces mortality during acute measles infection, and vitamin A supplementation (VAS) to children above 6 months of age may reduce the incidence of measles infection. The effect of VAS at birth on measles incidence is unknown. In a randomised placebo-controlled trial in Guinea-Bissau, normal-birth-weight newborns were randomised to 50 000 IU (15 mg) VAS or placebo. During the trial, a measles epidemic occurred. We linked data from the trial with data from the measles infection surveillance and studied the effect of VAS on the measles incidence before 12 months of age in bot

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Breier, B. H., P. D. Gluckman, and J. J. Bass. "Plasma concentrations of insulin-like growth factor-I and insulin in the infant calf: ontogeny and influence of altered nutrition." Journal of Endocrinology 119, no. 1 (1988): 43–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1677/joe.0.1190043.

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ABSTRACT The developmental pattern of plasma insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) and insulin in calves subject to different patterns of weaning was investigated from birth until the age of 6 months. Fifteen male Friesian calves were fed on whole milk (10% of body weight per day) for the first 8 weeks after birth, then allocated into three balanced groups. Group 1 was weaned at 8 weeks; group 2 was weaned at 8 weeks, returned to milk-feeding at 13 weeks to be weaned again at the age of 16 weeks; group 3 was weaned at 12 weeks. After weaning the calves were fed on concentrates and lucerne hay.

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Goisser, Sabine, Eva Schrader, Katrin Singler, et al. "Low postoperative dietary intake is associated with worse functional course in geriatric patients up to 6 months after hip fracture." British Journal of Nutrition 113, no. 12 (2015): 1940–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0007114515001282.

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We examined the relationship between postoperative dietary intake (DI) of geriatric hip fracture (HF) patients and their functional and clinical course until 6 months after hospital discharge. In eighty-eight HF patients ≥ 75 years, postoperative DI was estimated with plate diagrams of main meals over four postoperative days. DI was stratified as >50, >25–50, ≤ 25 % of meals served. Functional status according to Barthel index (activities of daily living) and patients' mobility level before fracture, postoperatively, at discharge and 6 months later were assessed and related to DI levels.

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Kunaratnam, Kanita, Mark Halaki, Li Ming Wen, Louise A. Baur, and Victoria M. Flood. "Mother–child dietary behaviours and their observed associations with socio-demographic factors: findings from the Healthy Beginnings Trial." British Journal of Nutrition 119, no. 4 (2018): 464–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0007114517003750.

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AbstractFew studies have investigated the effect of maternal factors on child eating practices. Our study aimed to explore mother–child dietary behaviours and their associations with socio-demographic factors. A cross-sectional analysis was conducted using data from control participants (n 243) in the Healthy Beginnings Trial, which involved first-time mothers and their 2-year-old children. Mother–child dietary behaviours were assessed using short dietary questions (short FFQ) and their associations with socio-demographic factors were examined using binary logistic regression. The dietary inta

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FRAISE, A. P., K. MITCHELL, S. J. O’BRIEN, K. OLDFIELD, and R. WISE. "Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) in nursing homes in a major UK city: an anonymized point prevalence survey." Epidemiology and Infection 118, no. 1 (1997): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0950268896007182.

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An anonymized point-prevalence survey of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) carriage was conducted amongst a stratified random sample of nursing home residents in Birmingham, UK, during 1994. Microbiological sampling from noses, fingers and the environment was undertaken. Information about potential risk factors for the acquisition of MRSA was gathered. MRSA was isolated from cultures of the nose or fingers of 33 of the 191 residents who took part in the study (17%) but only 1 of the 33 positive residents had a clinical infection. Although just 10 of the 87 environmental sample

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Merritt, Victoria C., Sarah M. Jurick, Laura D. Crocker, et al. "Associations Between Multiple Remote Mild TBIs and Objective Neuropsychological Functioning and Subjective Symptoms in Combat-Exposed Veterans." Archives of Clinical Neuropsychology 35, no. 5 (2020): 491–505. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/arclin/acaa006.

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Abstract Objective The purpose of this study was to evaluate relationships between multiple mild traumatic brain injuries (mTBIs) and objective and subjective clinical outcomes in a sample of combat-exposed Veterans, adjusting for psychiatric distress and combat exposure. Method In this cross-sectional study, 73 combat-exposed Iraq/Afghanistan Veterans were divided into three groups based on mTBI history: 0 mTBIs (n = 31), 1–2 mTBIs (n = 21), and 3+ mTBIs (n = 21). Veterans with mTBI were assessed, on average, 7.78 years following their most recent mTBI. Participants underwent neuropsychologic

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Glencross, R. G., E. C. L. Bleach, B. J. McLeod, A. J. Beard, and P. G. Knight. "Effect of active immunization of heifers against inhibin on plasma FSH concentrations, ovarian follicular development and ovulation rate." Journal of Endocrinology 134, no. 1 (1992): 11–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1677/joe.0.1340011.

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ABSTRACT To study the effects of immunoneutralization of endogenous inhibin on gonadotrophin secretion and ovarian function, prepubertal heifers (n = 6) were actively immunized against a synthetic peptide replica of the N-terminal sequence of bovine inhibin α subunit bIα(1–29)Tyr30) coupled to ovalbumin. In contrast to ovalbumin-immunized controls (n=6), bIα(1–29)Tyr30-immunized heifers had detectable inhibin antibody titres (% binding to 125I-labelled bovine inhibin at 1:2000 dilution of plasma) of 17 ± 3% (s.e.m.) at puberty, rising to 31 ± 5% by the end of the study period 7 months later. N

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Sander, H. J., H. M. A. Meijs-Roelofs, E. C. M. van Leeuwen, P. Kramer, and W. A. van Cappellen. "Initial ovulation rate and follicle population after injection of inhibin-neutralizing antiserum in the late-prepubertal rat." Journal of Endocrinology 130, no. 2 (1991): 289–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1677/joe.0.1300289.

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ABSTRACT In late-prepubertal female rats passive immunoneutralization of endogenous inhibin was achieved by injection of inhibin antiserum. Effects on follicle population, timing of sexual maturation, ovulation rate at first and second oestrus and serum FSH levels were studied. Rats were injected with antiserum, (non-immune) control serum from castrated sheep (castrated serum) or their IgG fractions, or with saline on day 33 or 3 or 2 days (days −3/−2) before the expected day of first ovulation, day 38·5±0·2 (n = 70). Blood was collected from different subgroups at 8, 24 and 48 h, and at first

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