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Journal articles on the topic '1,3,4-Oxadiazoles'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 1 February 2022

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1

Vasiliev, N. V., Yu E. Lyashenko, A. E. Patalakha, and G. A. Sokolski. "Perfluoro 1,3,4-oxadiazoles." Journal of Fluorine Chemistry 58, no. 2-3 (August 1992): 375. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0022-1139(00)80841-6.

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2

Vasiliev, N. V., Yu E. Lyashenko, A. E. Patalakha, and G. A. Sokolski. "Perfluoro-1,3,4-oxadiazoles." Journal of Fluorine Chemistry 65, no. 3 (December 1993): 227–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0022-1139(00)80860-x.

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3

Heimann, Dominik, Corinna Lueg, Henk de Vries, Bastian Frehland, Dirk Schepmann, Laura H. Heitman, and Bernhard Wünsch. "Bioisosteric replacement of central 1,2,4-oxadiazole ring of high affinity CB2 ligands by regioisomeric 1,3,4-oxadiazole ring." MedChemComm 8, no. 8 (2017): 1697–705. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c7md00296c.

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Three pairs of regioisomeric 1,2,4- and 1,3,4-oxadiazoles were synthesized as selective CB₂ ligands. Although the 1,3,4-oxadiazoles should have better physicochemical and pharmacokinetic properties, their CB₂ affinity was reduced.

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4

Hanif, Muhammad, Khurram Shoaib, Muhammad Saleem, Nasim Hasan Rama, Sumera Zaib, and Jamshed Iqbal. "Synthesis, Urease Inhibition, Antioxidant, Antibacterial, and Molecular Docking Studies of 1,3,4-Oxadiazole Derivatives." ISRN Pharmacology 2012 (August 13, 2012): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.5402/2012/928901.

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A series of eighteen 1,3,4-oxadiazole derivatives have been synthesized by treating aromatic acid hydrazides with carbon disulfide in ethanolic potassium hydroxide yielding potassium salts of 1,3,4-oxadiazoles. Upon neutralization with 1 N hydrochloric acid yielded crude crystals of 1,3,4-oxadiazoles, which were purified by recrystallization in boiling methanol. The synthesized 1,3,4-oxadiazoles derivatives were evaluated in vitro for their urease inhibitory activities, most of the investigated compounds were potent inhibitors of Jack bean urease. The molecular docking studies were performed by docking them into the crystal structure of Jack bean urease to observe the mode of interaction of synthesized compounds. The synthesized compounds were also tested for antibacterial and antioxidant activities and some derivatives exhibited very promising results.

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5

Dkhar, Gatphoh, M. Vijay Kumar, and B. C. Revanasiddappa. "CHLORAMINE-T MEDIATED SYNTHESIS OF 1,3,4-OXADIAZOLE DERIVATIVES." INDIAN DRUGS 57, no. 07 (October 8, 2020): 74–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.53879/id.57.07.12224.

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A series of new 1,3,4-oxadiazoles (3a-j) was synthesized by reacting Schiff’s bases (2a-j). The Schiff’s bases (2a-j) underwent selective cyclization with chloramine-T to yield the 1,3,4-oxadiazoles (3a-j). Newly synthesized compounds were characterized by spectral studies.

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6

Stewart, Scott, Xiao-Feng Wu, Zhiping Yin, Dennis Power, and Zechao Wang. "Synthesis of 1,3,4-Oxadiazoles via Annulation of Hydrazides and Benzene-1,3,5-triyl Triformate under Metal-Free Conditions." Synthesis 50, no. 16 (April 16, 2018): 3238–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0037-1609481.

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A new and efficient method for the synthesis of 1,3,4-oxadiazoles via the annulation of hydrazides with benzene-1,3,5-triyl triformate (TFBen) under metal-free conditions is reported. A broad range of hydrazides were transformed into the corresponding 1,3,4-oxadiazoles in good yields with excellent functional group tolerance.

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7

Rajak, Harish, Murli Dhar Kharya, and Pradeep Mishra. "Biologically Active 2,5-Disubstituted-1,3,4-Oxadiazoles." International Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Nanotechnology 2, no. 1 (August 31, 2009): 390–406. http://dx.doi.org/10.37285/ijpsn.2009.2.1.2.

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There are vast numbers of pharmacologically active heterocyclic compounds in regular clinical use. The presence of heterocyclic structures in diverse types of compounds is strongly indicative of the profound effects such structure exerts on physiologic activity, and recognition of this is abundantly reflected in efforts to find useful synthetic drugs. The 1,3,4-oxadiazole nucleus has emerged as one of the potential pharmacophore responsible for diverse pharmacological properties. Medical Literature is flooded with reports of a variety of biological activities of 2,5-Disubstituted-1,3,4-oxadiazoles. The present work is an attempt to summarize and enlist the various reports published on biologically active 2,5-disubstituted-1,3,4-oxadiazoles.

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8

Mallikarjuna Reddy, Guda, Akkarapalli Muralikrishna, Venkatapuram Padmavathi, Adivireddy Padmaja, Thandaiah Krishna Tilak, and Chippada Appa Rao. "Synthesis and Antioxidant Activity of Styrylsulfonylmethyl 1,3,4-Oxadiazoles, Pyrazolyl/Isoxazolyl-1,3,4-oxadiazoles." Chemical and Pharmaceutical Bulletin 61, no. 12 (2013): 1291–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1248/cpb.c13-00652.

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9

Ajani, Olayinka Oyewale, and King T. Iyaye. "Recent advances on oxadiazole motifs: Synthesis, reactions and biological activities." Mediterranean Journal of Chemistry 10, no. 5 (May 12, 2020): 418. http://dx.doi.org/10.13171/mjc10502005121200ooa.

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<p>1,3,4-oxadiazole derivatives have shown to have diverse and vast applications, from medicinal chemistry for the treatment and possible treatment of various ailments to its application in the industrial development when used as corrosion inhibitions and light emitting diodes. These diverse applications can be as a result of the numerous viable synthetic pathways illustrated in this review. 1,3,4-oxadiazoles can be synthesized in very high yields, using green approaches and having various life-changing applications. This review explores the various recent synthetic routes available for the development of 1,3,4-oxadiazoles and their biological activities.</p>

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10

Belen'kii, L. I., S. I. Luiksaar, I. S. Poddubnyi, and M. M. Krayushkin. "Novel syntheses of symmetrical 2,5-diaryl-1,3,4-oxadiazoles and 1,4-phenylenebis-1,3,4-oxadiazoles." Russian Chemical Bulletin 47, no. 11 (November 1998): 2238–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02494289.

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11

Sharma, Vinay S., Akshara P. Shah, Anuj S. Sharma, and Mohd Athar. "Columnar self-assembly, gelation and electrochemical behavior of cone-shaped luminescent supramolecular calix[4]arene LCs based on oxadiazole and thiadiazole derivatives." New Journal of Chemistry 43, no. 4 (2019): 1910–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c8nj04922j.

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A new class of blue light-emitting supramolecular liquid crystalline cone or bowl-shaped compounds were synthesized from substituted 1,3,4-oxadiazoles and 1,3,4-thiadiazoles with calix[4]arene derivatives.

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12

Rajak, Harish, Ravichandran Veerasamy, Arun Kumar Gupta, Murli Dhar Kharya, and Pradeep Mishra. "Synthesis and Pharmacological Evaluation of New Indolyl-oxadiazoles as Anticonvulsant Agents." International Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Nanotechnology 2, no. 3 (November 30, 2009): 661–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.37285/ijpsn.2009.2.3.10.

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The search for better anticonvulsant drug and the importance of 2,5-disubstituted 1,3,4-oxadiazoles and indole as anticonvulsant pharmacophores, prompted us to design, synthesize and evaluate a series of differently substituted 1,3,4-oxadiazoles for their potential anticonvulsant activity. The structures of the compounds were elucidated by elemental and spectral (IR, 1H NMR, 13C NMR and MS) analyses. Most of the test compounds demonstrated appreciable anticonvulsant activities in maximal electroshock seizure (MES) and subcutaneous pentylenetrtrazole (scPTZ) models.

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13

Ahsan, Mohamed Jawed, Mohd Zaheen Hassan, Surender Singh Jadav, Mohammed H. Geesi, Mohammed Afroz Bakht, Yassine Riadi, Salahuddin, Md Sayeed Akhtar, Mohammad Nasar Mallick, and Md Habban Akhter. "Synthesis and Biological Potentials of 5-aryl-N-[4-(trifluoromethyl) phenyl]-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-amines." Letters in Organic Chemistry 17, no. 2 (January 7, 2020): 133–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1570178616666190401193928.

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Oxadiazoles are an important class of heterocyclic compounds, having broad-spectrum activity. They were also reported as anticancer, and antioxidant agents, hence it is of significant importance to explore new oxadiazoles. A series of eleven (5-aryl-N-[4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-1,3,4- oxadiazol-2-amines (6a-k) was synthesized based on the structures of reported compounds, SU-101, IMC38525, and FTAB. All these oxadiazoles were synthesized, characterized by spectral data, and further tested against melanoma, leukemia, colon, lung, CNS, ovarian, renal, breast and prostate cancer cell lines’ panels at a single dose of 10 μM drug concentrations. N-(4-(Trifluoromethyl)phenyl)-5-(3,4- dimethoxyphenyl)-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-amine (6h) showed significant anticancer activity, and the most sensitive five cell lines were NCI-H522 (% GI = 53.24), K-562 (% GI = 47.22), MOLT-4 (% GI = 43.87), LOX-IMVI (% GI = 43.62), and HL-60(TB) (% GI = 40.30). The compound, 6h revealed better %GIs than imatinib, against 36 cell lines, taking 54 cell lines in common. The maximum sensitivity was recorded against cancer cell line CCRF-CEM (% GI = 68.89) by 2-(5-(4-(trifluoromethyl) phenylamino)-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl)phenol (6f). The antioxidant activity of 4-(5-(4-(trifluoromethyl) phenylamino)-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl)-2-methoxyphenol (6i) was promising with an IC50 of 15.14 μM. It was observed that the oxadiazoles reported herein showed significant anticancer and antioxidant activities.

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14

Barbuceanu, Stefania-Felicia, Gabriela Laura Almajan, Ioana Saramet, Constantin Draghici, and Cristian Enache. "The Behaviour of Some Acylthiosemicarbazides in the Reaction with a-Halogenated Esters." Revista de Chimie 59, no. 3 (April 9, 2008): 304–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.37358/rc.08.3.1753.

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New six unexpected 1,3,4-oxadiazoles were obtained starting from acylthiosemicarbazides. N1-[4-(4-X-phenylsulfonyl)benzoyl]-N4-(2/3-methoxyphenyl)-thiosemicarbazides 2,3a-c were treated with ethyl chloro- or bromoacetate in presence of anhydrous sodium acetate in order to obtain new thiazolidin-4-ones compounds. However, formation of desired thiazolidin-4-ones from these acylthiosemicarbazides failed and instead 1,3,4-oxadiazoles were obtained. For confirmation presence of these compounds, 5-[4-(phenylsulfonyl)phenyl]-2-(3-methoxyphenylamino)-1,3,4-oxadiazole 5a was synthetized by cyclodesulfurization of acylthiosemicarbazide 3a with mercury (II) acetate. The structures of these compounds were elucidated by FTIR, UV, 1H-NMR and 13C-NMR, MS spectra and elemental analysis.

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15

Rafique, Jamal, Sumbal Saba, Alisson R. Rosário, Gilson Zeni, and Antonio L. Braga. "K2CO3-mediated, direct C–H bond selenation and thiolation of 1,3,4-oxadiazoles in the absence of metal catalyst: an eco-friendly approach." RSC Adv. 4, no. 93 (2014): 51648–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c4ra10490k.

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An eco-friendly, straightforward and high-yielding methodology for the synthesis of chalcogenyl oxadiazoles via the K₂CO₃-promoted direct C–H bond chalcogenation of 2-substituted-1,3,4-oxadiazoles is described herein.

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16

Golmohammadi, Farhad, Saeed Balalaie, Fatima Hamdan, and Shokoofeh Maghari. "Efficient synthesis of novel conjugated 1,3,4-oxadiazole–peptides." New Journal of Chemistry 42, no. 6 (2018): 4344–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c7nj04720g.

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In this study, we developed an efficient approach for the synthesis of 2-amino-1,3,4-oxadiazoles that are bioisosteres of the amide functional group. The synthesized oxadiazoles were conjugated to octa- and nonapeptides through the C- or N-terminus as precursors of leuprolide acetate. The synthesized compounds are peptidomimetics of leuprolide acetate.

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17

Li, Tianlei, Gang Wen, Jishun Li, Wenxuan Zhang, and Song Wu. "A Useful Synthesis of 2-Acylamino-1,3,4-oxadiazoles from Acylthiosemicarbazides Using Potassium Iodate and the Discovery of New Antibacterial Compounds." Molecules 24, no. 8 (April 16, 2019): 1490. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules24081490.

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A useful method for the synthesis of 2-acylamino-1,3,4-oxadiazoles was developed. By using potassium iodate as an oxidant in water at 60 °C, a wide range of 2-acylamino-1,3,4-oxadiazoles were afforded in moderate to excellent yields within two hours. This method could provide a facile shortcut to generate a series of 2-acylamino-1,3,4-oxadiazoles in medicinal chemistry. Interestingly, some highly potent antibiotic compounds were found through this synthetic method, and some of them displayed a significant improvement in activity compared with the corresponding 1,4-diacylthiosemicarbazides. Compound 2n was the most active against Staphylococcus aureus with MIC (minimum inhibitory concentration) of 1.56 mg/mL, and compounds 2m and 2q were the most active against Bacillus subtilis with MIC of 0.78 mg/mL. The preliminary cytotoxic activities of the most potent compounds 2m, 2n, and 2q against the androgen-independent (PC-3) prostate cancer cell line were more than 30 μM (IC50 > 30 μM).

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18

VASILIEV, N. V., YU E. LYASHENKO, A. E. PATALAKHA, and G. A. SOKOLSKI. "ChemInform Abstract: Perfluoro-1,3,4-oxadiazoles." ChemInform 25, no. 14 (August 19, 2010): no. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/chin.199414176.

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19

Mallikarjuna Reddy, Guda, Akkarapalli Muralikrishna, Venkatapuram Padmavathi, Adivireddy Padmaja, Thandaiah Krishna Tilak, and Chippada Appa Rao. "ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Antioxidant Activity of Styrylsulfonylmethyl 1,3,4-Oxadiazoles, Pyrazolyl/Isoxazolyl-1,3,4-oxadiazoles." ChemInform 45, no. 25 (June 5, 2014): no. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/chin.201425144.

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20

Salvanna, N., Biswanath Das, and P. Reddy. "Palladium-Catalyzed Cross-Coupling of 1,3,4-Oxadiazoles and Styrenes: An Efficient Method to Synthesize 2-Alkenyl-1,3,4- Oxadiazoles§." Synlett 29, no. 01 (August 25, 2017): 71–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0036-1588561.

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2-Alkenyl-1,3,4-oxadiazole derivatives have been prepared by cross-coupling of 1,3,4-oxadiazoles with styrenes by using palladium(II) trifluoroacetate [Pd(TFA)2] as a catalyst, 1,10-phenanthroline as a ligand, silver trifluoroacetate as an oxidant, and toluene as a solvent. The products were formed in high yields and no byproducts were detected.

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21

Chandra Shekar, K. P., Bhupendra Mishra, Anil Kumar, S. Phukan, S. Mitra, and Dalip Kumar. "Synthesis and fluorescence studies of porphyrin appended 1,3,4-oxadiazoles." Journal of Porphyrins and Phthalocyanines 14, no. 12 (December 2010): 1034–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s1088424610002884.

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A modular synthetic approach for preparing a family of porphyrin appended 1,3,4-oxadiazoles 9 is described. The porphyrin hydrazides are reacted with aryl aldehydes in presence of Yb(OTf)3 as catalyst to give porphyrin hydrazones 8 which are then cyclized to porphyrin appended 1,3,4-oxadiazoles 9 using iodobenzene diacetate. Photophysical studies in CHCl3 solvent shows that the electronic structure of the porphyrin chromophore is not greatly perturbed by the incorporation of the oxadiazole group onto the meso-phenyl ring. Efficient quenching of porphyrin fluorescence was observed in 9g with a pyridinium moiety.

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22

Yassin, Salah, Abd El-Aleem H. Abd El-Aleem, Ibraheem E. El-Sayed, and Ahmed I. Hashem. "Synthesis of Some Diaroylhydrazines, 1,3,4-Oxadiazoles and Pyridazin-3-ones Bearing Thiophene Nucleus." Collection of Czechoslovak Chemical Communications 58, no. 8 (1993): 1925–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1135/cccc19931925.

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23

Bhardwaj, Niti, S. K. Saraf, Pankaj Sharma, and Pradeep Kumar. "Syntheses, Evaluation and Characterization of Some 1, 3, 4-Oxadiazoles as Antimicrobial Agents." E-Journal of Chemistry 6, no. 4 (2009): 1133–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2009/698023.

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1,3,4-Oxadiazoles show various biological activities and have been synthesized from different compounds. 1,3,4-oxadiazole is popularly known for its antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, pesticidal and antihypertensive activitiesetc. It is well known that the synthesis of heterocyclic compounds tend to contain multi-structure in a molecule. The ring formation involves the condensation reaction. The challenge is to develop the ring system by incorporating the indole nucleus into it through the proposed reaction scheme. There are two free positions for the substitution in the oxadiazole ring system. In this study, it was planned to incorporate the oxadiazole ring system into indole ring. Synthesis of derivatives of 1,3,4-oxadiazoles from different benzaldehydes Characterization of the synthesized compounds along with their antimicrobial activity on different strains.

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24

Tokumaru, Kazuyuki, and Jeffrey N. Johnston. "A convergent synthesis of 1,3,4-oxadiazoles from acyl hydrazides under semiaqueous conditions." Chemical Science 8, no. 4 (2017): 3187–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c7sc00195a.

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25

Sawant, Ramesh L., Prashant D. Lanke, and Jyoti B. Wadekar. "Tyrosinase Inhibitory Activity, 3D QSAR, and Molecular Docking Study of 2,5-Disubstituted-1,3,4-Oxadiazoles." Journal of Chemistry 2013 (2013): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/849782.

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In continuation with our research program, in search of potent enzyme tyrosinase inhibitor, a series of synthesized 2,5-disubstituted 1,3,4-oxadiazoles have been evaluated for enzyme tyrosinase inhibitory activity. Subsequently, 3D QSAR and docking studies were performed to find optimum structural requirements for potent enzyme tyrosinase inhibitor from this series. The synthesized 20 compounds of 2,5-disubstituted-1,3,4-oxadiazole series were screened for mushroom tyrosinase inhibitory activity at various concentrations by enzyme inhibition assay. The percentage enzyme inhibition was calculated by recording absorbance at 492 nm with microplate reader. 3D QSAR and docking studies were performed using VLife MDS 3.5 software. In the series 2,5-disubstituted-1,3,4-oxadiazoles enzyme tyrosinase inhibitory activity was found to be dose dependent with maximum activity for compounds4c,4h,4m, and4r. 3D QSAR and docking studies revealed that more electropositive and less bulky substituents if placed on 1,3,4-oxadiazole nucleus may result in better tyrosinase inhibitory activity in the series.

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26

Linganna, N., and K. M. LokanathaRai. "Transformation of 1,3,4-Oxadiazoles to 1,3,4-Thiadiazoles Using Thiourea." Synthetic Communications 28, no. 24 (December 1998): 4611–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00397919808004526.

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27

Elnagdi, Mohamed Hilmy, Nadia Sobhy Ibrahim, Fathy Mohamed Abdelrazek, and Ayman Wahba Erian. "New routes to 1,3,4-oxadiazoles, 1,3,4-oxadiazolopyridines, and pyridopyridazines." Liebigs Annalen der Chemie 1988, no. 9 (September 14, 1988): 909–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jlac.198819880917.

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28

Zarudnitskii, Evgenij V., Igor I. Pervak, Anatolij S. Merkulov, Aleksandr A. Yurchenko, and Andrej A. Tolmachev. "Trimethylsilyl-1,3,4-oxadiazoles—new useful synthons for the synthesis of various 2,5-disubstituted-1,3,4-oxadiazoles." Tetrahedron 64, no. 45 (November 2008): 10431–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tet.2008.08.040.

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29

Belen'kii, L. I., S. I. Luiksaar, I. S. Poddubnyi, and M. M. Krayushkin. "ChemInform Abstract: Novel Syntheses of Symmetrical 2,5-Diaryl-1,3,4-oxadiazoles and 1,4-Phenylenebis(1,3,4-oxadiazoles)." ChemInform 30, no. 12 (June 17, 2010): no. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/chin.199912145.

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30

Mihailović, Nevena, Violeta Marković, Ivana Z. Matić, Nemanja S. Stanisavljević, Živko S. Jovanović, Snežana Trifunović, and Ljubinka Joksović. "Synthesis and antioxidant activity of 1,3,4-oxadiazoles and their diacylhydrazine precursors derived from phenolic acids." RSC Advances 7, no. 14 (2017): 8550–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c6ra28787e.

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31

Grover, Jagdeep, Nirav Bhatt, Vivek Kumar, Neeraj K. Patel, Bhagirath J. Gondaliya, M. Elizabeth Sobhia, Kamlesh K. Bhutani, and Sanjay M. Jachak. "2,5-Diaryl-1,3,4-oxadiazoles as selective COX-2 inhibitors and anti-inflammatory agents." RSC Advances 5, no. 56 (2015): 45535–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c5ra01428j.

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32

Ahsan, Mohamed Jawed, Arun Choupra, Rakesh Kumar Sharma, Surender Singh Jadav, Pannala Padmaja, Mohd Zaheen Hassan, Abdulmalik Bin Saleh Al-Tamimi, Mohammed H. Geesi, and Mohammed Afroz Bakht. "Rationale Design, Synthesis, Cytotoxicity Evaluation, and Molecular Docking Studies of 1,3,4-oxadiazole Analogues." Anti-Cancer Agents in Medicinal Chemistry 18, no. 1 (March 16, 2018): 121–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1871520617666170419124702.

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Background: 1,3,4-Oxadiazole heterocycles possess a broad spectrum of biological activities. They were reported as potent cytotoxic agents and tubulin inhibitors; hence it is of great interest to explore new oxadiazoles as cytotoxic agents targeting tubulin polymerization. Objective: Two new series of oxadiazoles (5a-h and 12a-h) were synthesized, structurally related to the heterocyclic linked aryl core of IMC-038525, NSC 776715, and NSC 776716, with further modification by incorporating methylene linker. Method: The 2,5-disubstituted-1,3,4-oxadiazoles (5a-h and 12a-h) were synthesized by refluxing an equimolar mixture of the intermediates [(4) and (8a-d)] and aromatic aldehydes in water-ethanol system using sodium bisulphite catalyst. The cytotoxicity evaluation was carried out according to the National Cancer Institute (NCI US) Protocol, while the tubulin polymerization assay kits from Cytoskeleton ™(bk011p) was used to perform an in vitro tubulin polymerization assay. Results: 2-(5-{[(4-Chlorophenyl)amino]methyl}-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl)phenol (5f) and 2-[(2,4-dichlorophenoxy) methyl]-5-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)-1,3,4-oxadiazole (12c) showed maximum cytotoxicity with the mean percent growth inhibitions (GIs) of 71.56 and 72.68 respectively at 10 µM drug concentrations. Both the compounds (5f and 12c) showed superior cytotoxicity than clinically prevalent anticancer drugs, Imatinib and Gefitinib in one dose assay. The compound 12c showed promising results in five dose assay, with GI50 values varies between 1.61 and >100 µM. Furthermore, the compounds, 5f and 12c also inhibited the polymerization of tubulin with, an IC50 of 2.8 and 2.2 µM, respectively. Conclusion: The oxadiazoles reported herein are tubulin inhibitors and cytotoxic agents. These findings will be helpful in future drug design of more potent tubulin inhibitor cytotoxic agents.

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33

Lashkari, Mojtaba, Seyyed Jalal Roudbaraki, and Majid Ghashang. "Preparation of 1,3,4-oxadiazole derivatives via supported and unsupported phosphinium dibromide reagents." Canadian Journal of Chemistry 98, no. 11 (November 2020): 670–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjc-2020-0185.

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In this work, the synthesis of 1,3,4-oxadiazole derivatives using triphenylphosphine dibromide/triethylamine (Ph3P/Br2/Et3N), 1,2-bis(diphenylphosphaneyl)ethane/2Br2/Et3N, and nano-silica-anchored PPh2/Br2/Et3N systems is described. The method allows the preparation of 1,3,4-oxadiazoles with a broad substrate scope from easily accessible materials.

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34

Ribkovskaia, Zinaida, Serghei Pogrebnoi, Alic Barba, and Fliur Macaev. "Synthesis and Characterization of [(5-Mercapto-1,3,4-Oxadiazol-2-YL)Aryl]-3,5-Diaryl-4,5-Dihydro-1H-Pyrazole-1-Carbothioamides." Chemistry Journal of Moldova 6, no. 1 (June 2011): 90–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.19261/cjm.2011.06(1).04.

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The synthesis and characterization of [(5-mercapto-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl)aryl]-3,5-diaryl-4,5-dihydro-1Hpyrazole-1-carbothioamides - derivatives of pyrazolines and 5-[4(3)-isothiocyanatophenyl]-2-thio-1,3,4-oxadiazoles were realized. The synthesized compounds, are crystalline substances, stable in storage and when exposed to air and light.

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35

Coman, Anca G., Codruta C. Paraschivescu, Anca Paun, Andreea Diac, Niculina D. Hădade, Laurent Jouffret, Arnaud Gautier, Mihaela Matache, and Petre Ionita. "Synthesis of novel profluorescent nitroxides as dual luminescent-paramagnetic active probes." New Journal of Chemistry 41, no. 15 (2017): 7472–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c7nj01698k.

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Jin, Yongchang, and Ying Qian. "Photophysical properties, aggregation-induced fluorescence in nanoaggregates and cell imaging of 2,5-bisaryl 1,3,4-oxadiazoles." New Journal of Chemistry 39, no. 4 (2015): 2872–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c4nj02293a.

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37

Alavinia, Sedigheh, and Ramin Ghorbani-Vaghei. "The preparation, characterization and catalytic activity of Ni NPs supported on porous alginate-g-poly(p-styrene sulfonamide-co-acrylamide)." RSC Advances 11, no. 47 (2021): 29728–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d1ra04022g.

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Aksenov, Alexander V., Vladislav Khamraev, Nicolai A. Aksenov, Nikita K. Kirilov, Dmitriy A. Domenyuk, Vladimir A. Zelensky, and Michael Rubin. "Electrophilic activation of nitroalkanes in efficient synthesis of 1,3,4-oxadiazoles." RSC Advances 9, no. 12 (2019): 6636–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c9ra00976k.

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39

B. Iyer, Vishwanathan, Gurupadayya B. M., Bharathkumar Inturi, Venkata Sairam K., and Gurubasavaraj V. Pujar. "Synthesis of 1,3,4-oxadiazoles as promising anticoagulant agents." RSC Advances 6, no. 29 (2016): 24797–807. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c6ra01158f.

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A series of 1,3,4-oxadiazoles were designed and subjected to molecular docking simulation onto the enzymes vitamin K epoxide reductase (PDB: 3KP9) and factor Xa (PDB: 1NFY) to visualize their binding affinity towards the said target proteins.

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40

Agabekov, V. E., and V. K. Olkhovik. "New copolymers of polyarylene-1,3,4-oxadiazoles." Polymer materials and technologies 6, no. 1 (2020): 5. http://dx.doi.org/10.32864/polymmattech-2019-6-1-5-5.

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Agabekov, V. E., and V. K. Olkhovik. "New copolymers of polyarylene-1,3,4-oxadiazoles." Polymer materials and technologies 6, no. 1 (2020): 5. http://dx.doi.org/10.32864/polymmattech-2020-6-1-5-5.

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Demina, M. M., G. I. Sarapulova, A. I. Borisova, L. I. Larina, and A. S. Medvedeva. "Synthesis of 5-Trimethylsilylethynyl-1,3,4-oxadiazoles." Russian Journal of Organic Chemistry 39, no. 10 (October 2003): 1522–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/b:rujo.0000010574.41923.83.

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SEITZ, G., and CH GERNINGHAUS. "ChemInform Abstract: Cycloadditions of 1,3,4-Oxadiazoles." ChemInform 25, no. 27 (August 19, 2010): no. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/chin.199427121.

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Siddiqui, A. U., Y. Satyanarayana, I. Ahmed, and A. H. Siddiqui. "Synthesis of steroidal extranucleo 1,3,4-oxadiazoles." Journal of Heterocyclic Chemistry 33, no. 4 (July 1996): 1385–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jhet.5570330461.

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Verheyde, Bert, and Wim Dehaen. "Synthesis of Dendrimers Containing 1,3,4-Oxadiazoles." Journal of Organic Chemistry 66, no. 11 (June 2001): 4062–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jo005772s.

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Sitzmann, M. E. "1,3,4-Oxadiazoles with SF5-containing substituents." Journal of Fluorine Chemistry 70, no. 1 (January 1995): 31–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0022-1139(94)03095-h.

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Vereshchagin, L. I., O. N. Verkhozina, A. G. Proidakov, A. I. Smirnov, and V. N. Kizhnyaev. "Synthesis of branched polynuclear 1,3,4-oxadiazoles." Chemistry of Heterocyclic Compounds 44, no. 9 (September 2008): 1158–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10593-008-0163-9.

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Shkinyova, T. K., I. L. Dalinger, S. I. Molotov, and S. A. Shevelev. "Synthesis of picryl-substituted 1,3,4-oxadiazoles." Russian Chemical Bulletin 49, no. 9 (September 2000): 1572–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02495162.

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Liu, Can, Zhiming Wang, Lei Wang, Pinhua Li, and Yicheng Zhang. "Palladium-catalyzed direct C2-arylation of azoles with aromatic triazenes." Organic & Biomolecular Chemistry 17, no. 41 (2019): 9209–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c9ob01883b.

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Kim, Kyung-su, You Kyoung Chung, Hyunwoo Kim, Chae Yeon Ha, Joonsuk Huh, and Changsik Song. "Additive-free photo-mediated oxidative cyclization of pyridinium acylhydrazones to 1,3,4-oxadiazoles: solid-state conversion in a microporous organic polymer and supramolecular energy-level engineering." RSC Advances 11, no. 4 (2021): 1969–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d0ra09581h.

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