Relevant bibliographies by topics / 1 dB compression point

Contents

  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Book chapters
  4. Conference papers
  5. Reports

Academic literature on the topic '1 dB compression point'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 7 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "1 dB compression point"

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Alleva, Vincenzo, Andrea Bettidi, Walter Ciccognani, Marco De Dominicis, Mauro Ferrari, Claudio Lanzieri, Ernesto Limiti, and Marco Peroni. "High-power monolithic AlGaN/GaN high electron mobility transistor switches." International Journal of Microwave and Wireless Technologies 1, no. 4 (June 19, 2009): 339–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1759078709990183.

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This work presents the design, fabrication, and test of X-band and 2–18 GHz wideband high-power single pole double throw (SPDT) monolithic microwave integrated circuit (MMIC) switches in microstrip gallium nitride (GaN) technology. Such switches have demonstrated state-of-the-art performances and RF fabrication yields better than 65%. In particular, the X-band switch exhibits 1 dB insertion loss, better than 37 dB isolation, and a power handling capability better than 39 dBm at a 1 dB insertion loss compression point; the wideband switch shows an insertion loss lower than 2.2 dB, better than 25 dB isolation, and an insertion loss compression of 1 dB at an input drive higher than 38.5 dBm in the entire bandwidth.
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Le, Phong Dai, Vu Duy Thong, and Pham Le Binh. "Broadband GaAs pHemt LNA design for T/R module application." Vietnam Journal of Science and Technology 54, no. 5 (October 19, 2016): 584. http://dx.doi.org/10.15625/0866-708x/54/5/6978.

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In this paper, a three stages monolithic low noise amplifier (LNA) for T/R module application is presented. This LNA is fully integrated on 0.15-um pHEMT GaAs technology and achieves a wide bandwidth from 6 GHz to 11 GHz. Within this band, the LNA has the minimum of 1.3 dB noise figure and over 25 dB small signal gain. The output third order interception point (OIP3) is over 30 dBm and the 1 dB compression point (P1 dB) is 16 dBm at the output.
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Al-kanan, Haider, Xianzhen Yang, and Fu Li. "Improved estimation for Saleh model and predistortion of power amplifiers using 1-dB compression point." Journal of Engineering 2020, no. 1 (January 1, 2020): 13–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/joe.2019.0973.

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Tannir, Dani A. "Computation of the 1-dB compression point in radio frequency amplifier circuits using moments analysis." International Journal of RF and Microwave Computer-Aided Engineering 25, no. 1 (May 20, 2014): 10–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mmce.20818.

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Budnyaev, Vadim, and Valeriy Vertegel. "A SiGe 3-stage LNA for automotive radar application from 76 to 81 GHz." ITM Web of Conferences 30 (2019): 01004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/itmconf/20193001004.

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This paper presents the simulation results of the W-band 3-stage low noise amplifier which is designed in 0.13 μm SiGe BiCMOS technology. The LNA achieves a peak S21 of 24.1 dB and noise figure of 6 dB at 80 GHz with 3 dB bandwidth of 14 GHz from 73 to 87 GHz. S11 is better than 11 dB. The simulated input 1 dB compression point is –23 dBm at 80 GHz with low power consumption of 26 mW from 1.2 V voltage supply. Layout area is 0.36 mm2.
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Mehta, Shilpa. "A UWB CMOS Transceiver." Advanced Materials Research 403-408 (November 2011): 4965–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.403-408.4965.

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A direct-conversion ultra-wideband (UWB) trans-ceiver for Mode 1 OFDM applications employs three resonant networks and three phase-locked loops. Using a common-gate input stage, the receiver allows direct sharing of the antenna with the transmitter. Designed in 0.13- m CMOS technology, the transceiver provides a total gain of 69–73 dB and a noise figure of 6.5–8.4 dB across three bands, and a TX 1-dB compression point of 10 dBm. The circuit consumes 105 mW from a 1.5-V supply.
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Senadeera, P. M., Zhijian Xie, and Numan S. Dogan. "TWO STAGE ON OFF KEYING CLASS A RF POWER AMPLIFIER IN 0.18μm CMOS TECHNOLOGY." International Journal of Research -GRANTHAALAYAH 8, no. 11 (November 20, 2020): 15–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.29121/granthaalayah.v8.i11.2020.2067.

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A novel architecture for the On Off Keying (OOK) modulator with high gain and high data rate power amplifier (PA) operating at 11.6 GHz IBM 0.18-µm RF CMOS technology is presented for a X-band passive RFID tag. Currently used low frequency switching techniques such as multiplexers were not functioning in the high frequency X-band architectures. In this novel approach OOK modulator with power amplifier, a CMOS switch was used to transmit ‘1’ and ‘0’ coming from the digital signal unlike in the existing low frequency architectures. Both the load and driver in this proposed PA were class A operation supplied by a single ended 1.83V source. The important design considerations include output power, 1 dB compression point and linearity. The fabricated results of the amplifier have a 1 dB compression point of 1.2 dBm and input power of 5.19 dBm at 9.2 GHz.
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Ehsanian, Mehdi, and Masoud Askari-Raad. "A Built-In Self-Test structure for measuring gain and 1-dB compression point of Power Amplifier." AEU - International Journal of Electronics and Communications 86 (March 2018): 47–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.aeue.2018.01.019.

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Vu, Tuan Anh. "A 60 GHz CMOS Power Amplifier for Wireless Communications." International Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering (IJECE) 8, no. 2 (April 1, 2018): 926. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijece.v8i2.pp926-932.

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This paper presents a 60 GHz power amplifier (PA) suitable for wireless communications. The two-stage wideband PA is fabricated in 55 nm CMOS. Measurement results show that the PA obtains a peak gain of 16 dB over a -3 dB bandwidth from 57 GHz to 67 GHz. It archives an output 1 dB compression point (OP1dB) of 4 dbm and a peak power added efficiency (PAE) of 12.6%. The PA consumes a total DC power of 38.3 mW from a 1.2 V supply voltage while its core occupies a chip area of 0.45 mm2.
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Zhang, Yin Sheng, Jia Qiang Li, Hui Lin Shan, and Jie Zhou. "Design of a down-Conversion Mixer for Four Sub-Harmonic in W-Band." Applied Mechanics and Materials 130-134 (October 2011): 3284–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.130-134.3284.

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This paper presents principles of a down-converted mixer for four sub-harmonic designed by ADS software. The LO and RF frequencies are 23GHz, 92-94GHz respectively. The structure of ridge waveguide to microstrip transitions is optimized by CST simulation software, and W-band signals are directed to mixer RF side. The simulation results show that this mixer achieves higher 1 dB compression point, loss of frequency conversion less than 15 dB and good linearity.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "1 dB compression point"

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Moore, Jeanne. "TRANSPORTATION OF THE RF SPECTRA OVER FIBER: A WORKING SYSTEM." International Foundation for Telemetering, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/606790.

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International Telemetering Conference Proceedings / October 23-26, 2000 / Town & Country Hotel and Conference Center, San Diego, California
This paper presents the results of installing a distributed feedback (DFB) laser transmitter and the appropriate optical receiver in an operational site. Frequencies from 1435 to 2400 megahertz are transported intact from a remote site to a local site. From the theoretical calculations, 10 dB of dynamic range may need to be recovered by the use of an automatic gain circuit. The actual device is a delight, needing no additional circuitry to meet specifications. Predictions of performance were made from calculations. The installed system was measured for 1 dB compression point and for figure of merit.
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Dušek, Libor. "Dvojitě vyvážený směšovač – laboratorní přípravek." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta elektrotechniky a komunikačních technologií, 2008. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-217711.

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The aim of this work was double-balanced mixer implementation, which will be used like laboratory equipment. This thesis deals with design of the double-balanced mixer from first theoretical principles to a practical design of a laboratory equipment. For the practical design the integrated mixer SA612 was used. Input signal to the mixer up to 500 MHz frequency can be used. For required operation external oscillator and fifth-order low pass filter were constructed. Oscillator was designed for fixed frequency 32 MHz. Fifth-order low pass filter was inserted between the mixer and the oscillator, because of filtering higher harmonics. The second aim of the work was measuring double-balanced mixer basic parameters, such as Compression Point (P-1dB) and Intercept Point (IP3). For the IP3 measurement, another one device was required. It consists of the power combiner for mixing two frequency close signals and third-order bandpass filter, which selects required frequency band. Finally, the laboratory equipment was fabricated and its real parameters were measured.
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Wang, Yan. "Predictive boundary point adaptation and vector quantization compression algorithms for CMOS image sensors /." View abstract or full-text, 2007. http://library.ust.hk/cgi/db/thesis.pl?ECED%202007%20WANGY.

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Book chapters on the topic "1 dB compression point"

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Precup, Radu. "Compression–Expansion Critical Point Theorems in Conical Shells." In Nonlinear Analysis and Variational Problems, 135–45. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-0158-3_12.

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Whitt, Phillip. "Point-of-Sale, CRM, Backup, and Compression Software." In Pro Freeware and Open Source Solutions for Business, 31–57. Berkeley, CA: Apress, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4842-1130-4_2.

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Ng, Wan Yeen, and Xhiang Rhung Ng. "The Design and Modeling of 30 GHz Microwave Front-End." In Advances in Monolithic Microwave Integrated Circuits for Wireless Systems, 205–38. IGI Global, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-60566-886-4.ch009.

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This chapter aims to discuss a millimeter wave integrated circuit (MMWIC) in frequency of 30 GHz especially switch (SPDT), medium power amplifier (MPA) and low noise amplifier (LNA). The switch is developed using a commercial 0.15 µm GaAs pHEMT technology. It achieves low loss and high isolation for millimeter wave applications. The circuit and layout drawing of SPDT switch are done by using Advanced Design System (ADS) software. The layout is verified by running the Design Rules Check (DRC) to check and clear all the errors. At the operating frequency of 30 GHz, the reported SPDT switch has 1.470 dB insertion loss and 37.455 dB of isolation. It also demonstrates 26.00 dBm of input P1dB gain compression point (P1dB) and 22.975 dBm of output P1dB. At a supply voltage of 3.0 V and 30 GHz operating frequency, this two-stage LNA achieves an associated gain of 21.628 dB, noise figure (NF) of 2.509 dB and output referred 1-dB compression point (P1dB) of -11.0 dBm, the total power consumptions for the LNA is 174 mW. At a supply voltage of 6.0 V and 30 GHz operating frequency, a 2-stage MPA achieves a linear gain (S21) of 13.236 dB, P1dB of 22.5 dBm, power gain of 11.055 dB and the PAE of 14.606%. The total power consumption for the MPA is 1.122 W. The 30 GHz LNA and PA can be applied in direct broadcast satellite (DBS), automotive radar transmitter and receiver.
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Ang, Chin Guek. "The Design and Modeling of 2.4 and 3.5 GHz MMIC PA." In Advances in Monolithic Microwave Integrated Circuits for Wireless Systems, 105–56. IGI Global, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-60566-886-4.ch006.

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This chapter discusses the design of MMIC power amplifiers for wireless application by using 0.15 µm GaAs Power Pseudomorphic High Electron Mobility Transistor (PHEMT) technology with a gate width of 100 µm and 10 fingers at 2.4 GHz and 3.5 GHz. The design methodology for power amplifier design can be broken down into three main sections: architecture design, small-signal design, and large-signal optimization. For 2.4 GHz power amplifier, with 3.0 V drain voltage, the amplifier has achieved 17.265 dB small-signal gain, input and output return loss of 16.310 dB and 14.418 dB, 14.862 dBm 1-dB compression power with 12.318% power-added efficiency (PAE). For 3.5GHz power amplifier, the amplifier has achieved 14.434 dB small-signal gain, input and output return loss of 12.612 dB and 11.746 dB, 14.665 dBm 1-dB compression power with 11.796% power-added efficiency (PAE). The 2.4 GHz power amplifier can be applied for Wireless LAN applications such as WiFi and WPAN whereas 3.5 GHz power amplifier for WiMax base station.
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"Comparison of RZ-OOK and RZ-DPSK Optimal Performance." In Optical Transmission and Networks for Next Generation Internet Traffic Highways, 298–309. IGI Global, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-4666-6575-0.ch013.

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Using the Differential Phase Q (DP-Q) and the traditional Q factor, performance comparison of RZ-OOK and RZ-DPSK in dense OTDM-WDM systems is obtained in this chapter. When signal pulse widths and optical filter bandwidths are optimized, there is no upper limit to WDM channel bit rate (BR) in the purely linear back-to-back configuration. Here, RZ-DPSK performed increasingly better than RZ-OOK in higher spectral density with Q gain increasing from 3 dB to 5 dB. In the nonlinear point-to-point configuration, higher BR leads to increased performance penalties for both RZ-DPSK and RZ-OOK, while RZ-DPSK still outperforms RZ-OOK by up to 4 dB. The results obtained correlate with conventional results, indicating the potential of the DP-Q as a performance evaluation tool in numerical simulations.
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Bajit, Abderrahim. "A Perceptually Optimized Foveation Wavelet Visible Difference Predictor Quality Metric Based on Psychovisual Properties of the Human Visual System (HVS)." In Advancements in Computer Vision Applications in Intelligent Systems and Multimedia Technologies, 268–81. IGI Global, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-4444-0.ch014.

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Region of interest (ROI) image and video compression techniques have been widely used in visual communication applications in an effort to deliver good quality images and videos at limited bandwidths. Foveated imaging exploits the fact that the spatial resolution of the human visual system (HVS) is highest around the point of fixation (foveation point) and decreases dramatically with increasing eccentricity. Exploiting this fact, the authors have developed an appropriate metric for the assessment of ROI coded images, adapted to foveation image coding based on psycho-visual quality optimization tools, which objectively enable us to assess the visual quality measurement with respect to the region of interest (ROI) of the human observer. The proposed metric yields a quality factor called foveation probability score (FPS) that correlates well with visual error perception and demonstrating very good perceptual quality evaluation.
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Kubade, Pravin R., Amol N. Patil, and Hrushikesh B. Kulkarni. "Structure Properties Relationship Studies of Vinyl Ester Hybrid Syntactic Foam." In Handbook of Research on Advancements in Manufacturing, Materials, and Mechanical Engineering, 368–94. IGI Global, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-4939-1.ch018.

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Syntactic foam is the porous composite produced by mixing prefabricated hollow spherical particle into the matrix. Syntactic foams are used as energy absorption sandwich core for several applications like marine, automotive, and aerospace. In this work, low density hollow glass microspheres are hybridized with fly ash cenosphere in Bisphenol-A epoxy-based vinyl ester matrix. Hybrid syntactic foams is created with 60% total filler content. Within these hybrid systems internal composition of two fillers were varied in a step of 25 vol% with respect to each other. Hybrid syntactic foams are prepared by the hand lay-up (molding) method. The physical characterization parameter contains density and matrix porosity whereas tensile, quasi-static compression, flexural (3-point bending), Izod impact, and micro Vickers hardness are grouped as mechanical characterization parameters. Scanning electron microscopy was performed on fractured surfaces to examine deformation and fracture mechanisms related with each loading condition.
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Pears, Russel, and Bryan Houliston. "Optimization of Multidimensional Aggregates in Data Warehouses." In Database Technologies, 2324–47. IGI Global, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-60566-058-5.ch143.

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The computation of multidimensional aggregates is a common operation in OLAP applications. The major bottleneck is the large volume of data that needs to be processed which leads to prohibitively expensive query execution times. On the other hand, data analysts are primarily concerned with discerning trends in the data and thus a system that provides approximate answers in a timely fashion would suit their requirements better. In this article we present the prime factor scheme, a novel method for compressing data in a warehouse. Our data compression method is based on aggregating data on each dimension of the data warehouse. We used both real world and synthetic data to compare our scheme against the Haar wavelet and our experiments on range-sum queries show that it outperforms the latter scheme with respect to both decoding time and error rate, while maintaining comparable compression ratios. One encouraging feature is the stability of the error rate when compared to the Haar wavelet. Although wavelets have been shown to be effective at compressing data, the approximate answers they provide varies widely, even for identical types of queries on nearly identical values in distinct parts of the data. This problem has been attributed to the thresholding technique used to reduce the size of the encoded data and is an integral part of the wavelet compression scheme. In contrast the prime factor scheme does not rely on thresholding but keeps a smaller version of every data element from the original data and is thus able to achieve a much higher degree of error stability which is important from a Data Analysts point of view.
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Pears, Russel. "Accelerating Multi Dimensional Queries in Data Warehouses." In Advances in Database Research, 178–203. IGI Global, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-60566-172-8.ch011.

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Data Warehouses are widely used for supporting decision making. On Line Analytical Processing or OLAP is the main vehicle for querying data warehouses. OLAP operations commonly involve the computation of multidimensional aggregates. The major bottleneck in computing these aggregates is the large volume of data that needs to be processed which in turn leads to prohibitively expensive query execution times. On the other hand, Data Analysts are primarily concerned with discerning trends in the data and thus a system that provides approximate answers in a timely fashion would suit their requirements better. In this chapter we present the Prime Factor scheme, a novel method for compressing data in a warehouse. Our data compression method is based on aggregating data on each dimension of the data warehouse. Extensive experimentation on both real-world and synthetic data have shown that it outperforms the Haar Wavelet scheme with respect to both decoding time and error rate, while maintaining comparable compression ratios (Pears and Houliston, 2007). One encouraging feature is the stability of the error rate when compared to the Haar Wavelet. Although Wavelets have been shown to be effective at compressing data, the approximate answers they provide varies widely, even for identical types of queries on nearly identical values in distinct parts of the data. This problem has been attributed to the thresholding technique used to reduce the size of the encoded data and is an integral part of the Wavelet compression scheme. In contrast the Prime Factor scheme does not rely on thresholding but keeps a smaller version of every data element from the original data and is thus able to achieve a much higher degree of error stability which is important from a Data Analysts point of view.
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Kalliaras, P. "Using Service Proxies for Content Provisioning." In Encyclopedia of Mobile Computing and Commerce, 981–86. IGI Global, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-59904-002-8.ch164.

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In modern broadband mesh networks, communication between two end nodes is carried out not directly, but through a number of intermediate nodes. While these nodes’ only function may be to relay information from one point to another, they may also host computational elements which perform some service on behalf of other applications. We deal with the problem of optimally mapping multimedia content transcoding service elements onto network resources. There may be several places in the network where the required compression and decompression services could be performed. We would like to select the best locations that meet the application’s requirements. We propose a new approximation algorithm for constrained path optimization, which provides better scalability and simplicity than previous approaches. This is accomplished basically by partitioning the overall problem into smaller ones.
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Conference papers on the topic "1 dB compression point"

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Lecheminoux, Laurent, and Martine Villegas. "ACPR to third order interception point and 1 dB compression point new relationship." In 30th European Microwave Conference, 2000. IEEE, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/euma.2000.338635.

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Abdul Khalid, M. F., A. S. Holland, and K. Ghorbani. "Barium Strontium Titanate varactors with high 1 dB compression points." In 2012 42nd European Microwave Conference (EuMC 2012). IEEE, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.23919/eumc.2012.6459268.

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del Rio, David, Ainhoa Rezola, Roc Berenguer, Inaki Gurutzeaga, Igone Velez, and Juan F. Sevillano. "A Wideband Millimeter-Wave Up-Conversion Mixer for Future Backhaul E-Band Point-to-Point Links with a 0dBm 1-dB Compression Point." In 2015 IEEE International Conference on Ubiquitous Wireless Broadband (ICUWB). IEEE, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icuwb.2015.7324415.

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del Rio, David, Roc Berenguer, Ainhoa Rezola, and Juan Francisco Sevillano. "66–87 GHz power amplifier with 20dBm 1-dB compression point and 35% peak PAE in a 55nm SiGe technology." In 2014 10th Conference on Ph.D. Research in Microelectronics and Electronics (PRIME). IEEE, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/prime.2014.6872747.

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Wang, Mu-Chun, Zhen-Ying Hsieh, Cheng-Yi Ke, Shuang-Yuan Chen, and Heng-Sheng Huang. "A 5.8GHz Band-Pass Filter With an Active Inductor Through 0.18μm Full-CMOS Process for Wireless Transceivers." In 2007 First International Conference on Integration and Commercialization of Micro and Nanosystems. ASMEDC, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/mnc2007-21086.

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Substituting the active inductor for the passive inductor to integrate the 5.8GHz bandpass filter into a system-on-chip (SoC) circuit is a feasible solution to reduce the filter chip area, increasing the application competition. The bandpass filter circuit in simulation with TSMC 0.18um CMOS process models and Agilent simulation software exhibits the good performance such as an input return loss (S11) of −34.26dB, an output return loss (S22) of −17.49dB, a bandpass gain (S21) of −4.33dB, a noise figure (NF) of 18.91dBm, a 1-dB compression point (P1dB) of −23dBm, a third-order intercept point (IIP3) of −15.83dBm, and the power dissipation in 19.44mW under 1.8V power-supply operation. In addition, the 3-dB bandpass bandwidth is 300MHz. The final dimension of this chip is approximate to 680×530μm2.
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Wang, Mu-Chun, Zhen-Ying Hsieh, Chieu-Ying Hsu, Shuang-Yuan Chen, and Heng-Sheng Huang. "A 2.4-GHz 0.18μm Full-CMOS Single-Stage Class-E Power Amplifier With Temperature Effect for ISM Band Wireless Communication." In 2007 First International Conference on Integration and Commercialization of Micro and Nanosystems. ASMEDC, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/mnc2007-21085.

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In this paper, we present a single-stage class-E power amplifier with multiple-gated shape as well as 0.18μm complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS) process for 2.4GHz Industry-Science-Medicine (ISM) band. This power amplifier is able to be easily integrated into the system-on-chip (SoC) circuit. For the competition of lower cost and high integration in marketing concern, CMOS technology is fundamentally better than GaAs technology. We adopt the Advanced Design System software in circuit simulation coming from Agilent Company through the Chip Implementation Center (CIC) channel plus TSMC 0.18 μm device models. The simulation results with temperature effect, show the good performance such as an output power achievement of +22dBm under a 1.8V supply voltage; the power-added efficiency (PAE) is over 30%; the output impedance (S22) and the input impedance (S11) are fully lower than −15dB; the power gain (S21) is +11dB; the inverse isolation (S12) is below −26dB. This amplifier reaches its 1-dB compression point at an output level of 16.5dBm related to the input power 6.5dBm position. The output power with temperature variation from 0°C to 125°C depicts an acceptable spec. range, too.
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Botros, Kamal K., and Michael Martens. "Dynamic Thrust Loads on Piping From Blowdown Stacks to Silencers at a Remote Distance Away." In 2020 13th International Pipeline Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ipc2020-9244.

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Abstract Current trends in greenfield natural gas compression facilities and high-pressure gas transmission pipelines are designs for high pressure operation, e.g. PN150. At such high pressures, sound pressure level (SPL) of the noise generated during a planned blowdown can be as high as 165–175 dBA at 1 m distance away from the blowdown stack tip. Even double hearing protection would not be sufficient for an operator opening the blowdown valve at the blowdown assembly even for a short period of time. Blowdown silencers mounted on top of the blowdown stack are limited to the degree of noise suppression they offer (typically of the order of 30 to 40 dB), let alone the requirement for extensive support structures to hold the massive weight on the stack top. One innovation to alleviate this issue, is to place a silencer on a skid on a ground-level pad/support system, at a sufficient distance away from the blowdown stack. In this way, the blowdown valve operator would be exposed to a much lower SPL, as well as the silencer can be as large as desired being skid mounded on the ground. The main issue to be addressed is the dynamic thrust loads That would otherwise be afflicted on the various pipe segments of the piping connecting the blowdown stack top to the location of the blowdown silencer located distance away. Clearly this piping will include several above ground pipe segments, bends, tees and fittings that need to be adequately supported to withstand the dynamic loads as the blowdown valve opens. This paper presents a model approach based on solving the temporal-spatial governing equations in the form of 1-D hyperbolic differential equations, with boundary conditions accounting for the blowdown valve size and type, trim characteristics and opening time, upstream gas pressure and temperature, and downstream restriction equivalent orifice size at the inlet to the blowdown silencer. Results are presented for a case study of a single and dual blowdown assemblies equipped with reduced-bore ball valves (8″ × 6″), with lead piping of NPS 8 joining into NPS 12 header and finally splitting into two ground mounted silencers some 30 meters away. Thrust loads at each segment of these connecting piping were found to depend on whether one or dual blowdown valves are open simultaneously, upstream pressure, and more importantly the location of the choke point (Mach = 1) whether at the blowdown valve itself or at the silencer inlet diffuser orifice. The later was found to be the most critical parameter. The most important objective when designing such a system is to ensure that the choke point is at the silencer inlet orifice to minimize thrust loading on the blowdown valve(s) as well as along the entire lead piping.
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Tokumitsu, T., M. Kubota, S. Fujita, A. Sahashi, and M. Imagawa. "A novel stacked amplifier scheme for expansion of 1-dB compression output power level." In 2016 IEEE International Symposium on Radio-Frequency Integration Technology (RFIT). IEEE, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/rfit.2016.7578157.

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Andersson, Christer M., Eigo Kuwata, Yoshifumi Kawamura, Shintaro Shinjo, and Koji Yamanaka. "A 0.85 – 2.7 GHz two-cell distributed GaN power amplifier designed for high efficiency at 1-dB compression." In 2015 European Microwave Conference (EuMC 2015). IEEE, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/eumc.2015.7345740.

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Scarton, Henry A., and Kyle R. Wilt. "Jackhammer Chisel Noise Control." In ASME 2015 Noise Control and Acoustics Division Conference at InterNoise 2015. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ncad2015-5919.

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A robust chisel damper for quieting a jackhammer is presented. The noise produced from a jackhammer chisel is dominated by the ringing of the chisel moil resulting from impacts of the internal hammer against the end of the chisel producing airborne radiation of the transverse bending and longitudinal modes. A model steel chisel moil point was constructed with geometric properties similar to a jackhammer chisel and designed so as to not fail during severe acceleration impacts from the reciprocating hammer. Anechoic tests of the maximum overall unweighted sound pressure level for the undamped chisel due to a longitudinal impact was 86.8 dB linear (re. to 20 μ Pa) at 1 meter with the strongest ring tone at 1.37 kHz and harmonics; the overall sound pressure level for the damped chisel with identical axial impacts was reduced by 16.5 dB to 70.3 dB with severe reduction of 40 dB of the dominant chisel ring tone, and the harmonics.
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Reports on the topic "1 dB compression point"

1

Chou, Roger, Rongwei Fu, Tracy Dana, Miranda Pappas, Erica Hart, and Kimberly M. Mauer. Interventional Treatments for Acute and Chronic Pain: Systematic Review. Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ), September 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.23970/ahrqepccer247.

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Objective. To evaluate the benefits and harms of selected interventional procedures for acute and chronic pain that are not currently covered by the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS) but are relevant for and have potential utility for use in the Medicare population, or that are covered by CMS but for which there is important uncertainty or controversy regarding use. Data sources. Electronic databases (Ovid® MEDLINE®, PsycINFO®, the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, and the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews) to April 12, 2021, reference lists, and submissions in response to a Federal Register notice. Review methods. Using predefined criteria and dual review, we selected randomized controlled trials (RCTs) for 10 interventional procedures and conditions that evaluated pain, function, health status, quality of life, medication use, and harms. Random effects meta-analysis was conducted for vertebral compression fracture; otherwise, outcomes were synthesized qualitatively. Effects were classified as small, moderate, or large using previously defined criteria. Results. Thirty-seven randomized trials (in 48 publications) were included. Vertebroplasty (13 trials) is probably more effective at reducing pain and improving function in older (>65 years of age) patients, but benefits are small (less than 1 point on a 10-point pain scale). Benefits appear smaller (but still present) in sham-controlled (5 trials) compared with usual care controlled trials (8 trials) and larger in trials of patients with more acute symptoms; however, testing for subgroup effects was limited by imprecision. Vertebroplasty is probably not associated with increased risk of incident vertebral fracture (10 trials). Kyphoplasty (2 trials) is probably more effective than usual care for pain and function in older patients with vertebral compression fracture at up to 1 month (moderate to large benefits) and may be more effective at >1 month to ≥1 year (small to moderate benefits) but has not been compared against sham therapy. Evidence on kyphoplasty and risk of incident fracture was conflicting. In younger (below age for Medicare eligibility) populations, cooled radiofrequency denervation for sacroiliac pain (2 trials) is probably more effective for pain and function versus sham at 1 and 3 months (moderate to large benefits). Cooled radiofrequency for presumed facet joint pain may be similarly effective versus conventional radiofrequency, and piriformis injection with corticosteroid for piriformis syndrome may be more effective than sham injection for pain. For the other interventional procedures and conditions addressed, evidence was too limited to determine benefits and harms. Conclusions. Vertebroplasty is probably effective at reducing pain and improving function in older patients with vertebral compression fractures; benefits are small but similar to other therapies recommended for pain. Evidence was too limited to separate effects of control type and symptom acuity on effectiveness of vertebroplasty. Kyphoplasty has not been compared against sham but is probably more effective than usual care for vertebral compression fractures in older patients. In younger populations, cooled radiofrequency denervation is probably more effective than sham for sacroiliac pain. Research is needed to determine the benefits and harms of the other interventional procedures and conditions addressed in this review.
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2

Weiss, Charles, William McGinley, Bradford Songer, Madeline Kuchinski, and Frank Kuchinski. Performance of active porcelain enamel coated fibers for fiber-reinforced concrete : the performance of active porcelain enamel coatings for fiber-reinforced concrete and fiber tests at the University of Louisville. Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), May 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/40683.

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A patented active porcelain enamel coating improves both the bond between the concrete and steel reinforcement as well as its corrosion resistance. A Small Business Innovation Research (SBIR) program to develop a commercial method for production of porcelain-coated fibers was developed in 2015. Market potential of this technology with its steel/concrete bond improvements and corrosion protection suggests that it can compete with other fiber reinforcing systems, with improvements in performance, durability, and cost, especially as compared to smooth fibers incorporated into concrete slabs and beams. Preliminary testing in a Phase 1 SBIR investigation indicated that active ceramic coatings on small diameter wire significantly improved the bond between the wires and the concrete to the point that the wires achieved yield before pullout without affecting the strength of the wire. As part of an SBIR Phase 2 effort, the University of Louisville under contract for Ceramics, Composites and Coatings Inc., proposed an investigation to evaluate active enamel-coated steel fibers in typical concrete applications and in masonry grouts in both tension and compression. Evaluation of the effect of the incorporation of coated fibers into Ultra-High Performance Concrete (UHPC) was examined using flexural and compressive strength testing as well as through nanoindentation.
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