Journal articles: '1-ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)-carbodiimide (EDC)'

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Lee, J. M., H. H. L. Edwards, C. A. Pereira, and S. I. Samii. "Crosslinking of tissue-derived biomaterials in 1-ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)-carbodiimide (EDC)." Journal of Materials Science: Materials in Medicine 7, no. 9 (September 1996): 531–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00122176.

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Goyal, Navneet. "1-Ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminopropyl) Carbodiimide Hydrochloride (EDCI×HCl)." Synlett 2010, no. 02 (January 2010): 335–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0029-1219043.

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Miao, Yanming. "Application of BSA-bioconjugated phosphorescence nanohybrids in protein detection in biofluids." RSC Advances 5, no. 94 (2015): 76804–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c5ra11691k.

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In this study, a cross-linking agent 1-ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminopropyl) carbodiimide/N-hydroxysuccinimide (EDC/NHS) was used to link QDs and bovine serum albumin (BSA) to form a nanohybrid BSA–Mn-ZnS Room-Temperature Phosphorescence (RTP) biosensor.

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Coelho, Beatriz Serrato, Flávia Sens Fagundes Tomazinho, Denise Piotto Leonardi, Fabrício Scaini, Marilisa Carneiro Leão Gabardo, Rafaela Mariana de Lara, and Flares Baratto-Filho. "Effects of 1-Ethyl-3-(3-Dimethylaminopropyl) Carbodiimide on Adhesion of Posts in Teeth Obturated With Different Sealers." Brazilian Dental Journal 31, no. 4 (August 2020): 417–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/0103-6440202002897.

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Abstract The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of 1-ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminopropyl) carbodiimide (EDC) on bond strength of fiberglass posts in root canals obturated with different endodontic sealers. Seventy-eight mandibular premolars were obturated with three sealers (n=26): Endofill (END), AH Plus (AHP), and Endosequence BC Sealer (EBS). After preparation of the post space, two subgroups were formed according to the cementation of the posts (n=13): with EDC (EDC), and without EDC (control - CON). The specimens were submitted to a pull-out test, failure mode classification, and root canal surface evaluation by scanning electron microscopy after post displacement. Regarding the bond strength, a significant difference between the EDC and CON subgroups occurred only in the END (p=0.001). No difference was detected among the CON subgroups (p=0.339). However, among the EDC subgroups, AHP presented significantly higher values (END versus AHP: p=0.001; AHP versus EBS: p=0.016). Upon classification of failure modes, score 1 (≥ 50% of cement) was the most commonly observed, except for the END + EDC. Remains of endodontic sealers and resin cements were found in the cervical third, but without statistical difference (p=0.269), while in the middle third, difference occurred (p=0.004). In conclusion, EDC decreases bond strength when associated with END sealer, without changing the failure mode between the resin cement and fiberglass post. The best performance was observed when EDC was combined with AHP sealer.

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Wang, Delong, and Hui Shi. "An Unexpected Reaction of Isodehydracetic Acid with Amines in the Presence of 1-Ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminopropyl) Carbodiimide Hydrochloride Yields a New Type of β-Enaminones." Molecules 25, no. 9 (May 2, 2020): 2131. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules25092131.

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The reaction of isodehydracetic acid with amines was serendipitously found to afford β-enaminones in the presence of the coupling agent 1-ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminopropyl) carbodiimide hydrochloride (EDC). Under the optimal reaction condition, 23 examples of α-aminomethylene glutaconic anhydride were obtained at approximately 30−80% yields. This is a concise, operationally simple method to expediently synthesize a new type of β-enaminone-containing compound.

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Ahn, Jong-Ju, Hyung-Joon Kim, Eun-Bin Bae, Won-Tak Cho, YunJeong Choi, Su-Hyun Hwang, Chang-Mo Jeong, and Jung-Bo Huh. "Evaluation of 1-Ethyl-3-(3-Dimethylaminopropyl) Carbodiimide Cross-Linked Collagen Membranes for Guided Bone Regeneration in Beagle Dogs." Materials 13, no. 20 (October 15, 2020): 4599. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma13204599.

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The purpose of this study was to evaluate the bone regeneration efficacy of an 1-ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminopropyl) carbodiimide (EDC)-cross-linked collagen membrane for guided bone regeneration (GBR). A non-cross-linked collagen membrane (Control group), and an EDC-cross-linked collagen membrane (Test group) were used in this study. In vitro, mechanical, and degradation testing and cell studies were performed. In the animal study, 36 artificial bone defects were formed in the mandibles of six beagles. Implants were inserted at the time of bone grafting, and membranes were assigned randomly. Eight weeks later, animals were sacrificed, micro-computed tomography was performed, and hematoxylin-eosin stained specimens were prepared. Physical properties (tensile strength and enzymatic degradation rate) were better in the Test group than in the Control group. No inflammation or membrane collapse was observed in either group, and bone volumes (%) in defects around implants were similar in the two groups (p > 0.05). The results of new bone areas (%) analysis also showed similar values in the two groups (p > 0.05). Therefore, it can be concluded that cross-linking the collagen membranes with EDC is the method of enhancing the physical properties (tensile strength and enzymatic degradation) of the collagen membranes without risk of toxicity.

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Stankova, Ivanka, Stoyan Schichkov, Kalina Kostova, and Angel Galabov. "New Analogues of Acyclovir – Synthesis and Biological Activity." Zeitschrift für Naturforschung C 65, no. 1-2 (February 1, 2010): 29–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/znc-2010-1-205.

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New acyclovir esters with peptidomimetics were synthesized and evaluated in vitro for their antiviral activity against the replication of Herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) and type 2 (HSV-2). The infl uence of peptidomimetics containing oxazole and thiazolyl-thiazole moieties on the antiviral activity is also reported. The esters were synthesized using the coupling reagents N-ethyl-N’-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)carbodiimide hydrochloride (EDC) and N,N-dimethyl-4-aminopyridine (DMAP) as a catalyst.

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Hitchcock, Shawn, Sayed Gafur, Stephanie Waggoner, Eric Jacobsen, and Christopher Hamaker. "Efficient Synthesis of Sulfinate Esters and Sulfinamides via Activated Esters of p-Toluenesulfinic Acid." Synthesis 50, no. 24 (August 21, 2018): 4855–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0037-1610254.

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Sulfinate esters were prepared by the process of activating p-toluenesulfinic acid with either cyanuric chloride, methanesulfonyl chloride, or 1-ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)carbodiimide hydrochloride (EDC-HCl). Activation of p-toluenesulfinic acid with cyanuric chloride led to the formation of sulfinate esters that were accompanied by the formation of the corresponding sulfones. The use of methanesulfonyl chloride for activation via methanesulfonic p-toluenesulfinic anhydride afforded mixtures of sulfinate esters and methanesulfonates. The use of the carbodiimide EDC proved to yield the best results with the highly selective formation of the target sulfinate esters. The use of trimethylacetic p-toluenesulfinic anhydride or cyanuric chloride to achieve the synthesis of sulfinamides proved to be ineffective due to poor chemoselectivity of the nucleophilic attack on the activated p-toluenesulfinic acid anhydride. Ultimately, the use of EDC-HCl to form the sulfinamides proved to be the best pathway for synthesis.

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Sunarso, Sunarso, Sutarno Sutarno, Kanji Tsuru, Ika Dewi Ana, and Kunio Ishikawa. "EFFECT OF CROSSLINKING TO THE MECHANICAL PROPERTY OF APATITE GELATIN HYBRID FOR BONE SUBSTITUTION PURPOSES." Indonesian Journal of Chemistry 11, no. 3 (December 20, 2011): 267–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.22146/ijc.21391.

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The clinical success of current generation of synthetic bone substitute relies on bio-inspired design which has a performance level close to that of natural one. In this context, biomedical approaches are considered very important to result bio-functional hybrid for bone substitution purposes. In this study, effect of cross-linking to the mechanical properties of apatite gelatin hybrid has been investigated. Cross-linking was employed by 1-ethyl-3-3-dimethylaminopropyl carbodiimide (EDC) agent. The EDC agent creates a peptide bond between gelatin molecules inside the hybrid to the cross-linked structure. Cross-linked structure of gelatin increases physical property of the hybrid since it can hold the outer forces longer than that of without cross-linking.

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Kazenwadel, F., H. Wagner, B. E. Rapp, and M. Franzreb. "Optimization of enzyme immobilization on magnetic microparticles using 1-ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)carbodiimide (EDC) as a crosslinking agent." Analytical Methods 7, no. 24 (2015): 10291–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c5ay02670a.

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Mitchell, David, Andrew J. Renda, Catherine A. Douds, Paul Babitzke, Sarah M. Assmann, and Philip C. Bevilacqua. "In vivo RNA structural probing of uracil and guanine base-pairing by 1-ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)carbodiimide (EDC)." RNA 25, no. 1 (October 19, 2018): 147–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1261/rna.067868.118.

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Piotrowska, Barbara, Katarzyna Sztuka, Ilona Kołodziejska, and Elżbieta Dobrosielska. "Influence of transglutaminase or 1-ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminopropyl) carbodiimide (EDC) on the properties of fish-skin gelatin films." Food Hydrocolloids 22, no. 7 (October 2008): 1362–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.foodhyd.2007.07.006.

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Taheri, Azade, Fatemeh Atyabi, Faranak Salman Nouri, Fatemeh Ahadi, Mohammad Ali Derakhshan, Mohsen Amini, Mohammad Hossein Ghahremani, Seyed Nasser Ostad, Pooria Mansoori, and Rassoul Dinarvand. "Nanoparticles of Conjugated Methotrexate-Human Serum Albumin: Preparation and Cytotoxicity Evaluations." Journal of Nanomaterials 2011 (2011): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2011/768201.

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Methotrexate-human serum albumin conjugates were developed by a simple carbodiimide reaction. Methotrexate-human serum albumin conjugates were then crosslinked with 1-ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminopropyl) carbodiimide HCl (EDC) to form nanoparticles. The size of nanoparticles determined by laser light scattering and TEM was between 90–150 nm. Nanoparticles were very stable at physiologic conditions (PBS pH 7.4, ) and after incubation with serum. The effect of amount of EDC used for crosslinking on the particle size and free amino groups of nanoparticles was examined. The amount of crosslinker showed no significant effect on the size of nanoparticles but free amino groups of nanoparticles were decreased by increasing the crosslinker. The physicochemical interactions between methotrexate and human serum albumin were investigated by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). Nanoparticles were more cytotoxic on T47D cells compared to free methotrexate. Moreover, methotrexate-human serum albumin nanoparticles decreased the IC50 value of methotrexate on T47D cells in comparison with free methotrexate.

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Jia, Li Yong, Ning Gan, Lei Zheng, and Qian Wang. "A Novel Amperometric Immunosensor Based on Thionine/DNA Self-Assembled Multilayers on Carbon Nanotubes Modified Glass Carbon Electrode." Advanced Materials Research 160-162 (November 2010): 1170–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.160-162.1170.

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A novel amperometric immunosensor for the determination of alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) was constructed using multi-wall carbon nanotubes modified glass carbon electrode.thionine as the mediator,were immobilized by DNA throngh the layer-by-layer method. Thionine was first fabricated on carbon nanotubes modified glass carbon throngh 1-Ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)carbodiimide/N-hydroxysuccinimide(EDC/NHS).then a negatively charged DNA film was absorbed on the positively charged thionine,and the DNA was uesd as cross-linker to immobiled amount thionine.nano-Au-was used to immobilized anti-AFP.The electrochemical sensor have a relatively low detection limit of 0.02ng/ml.

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Tezvergil-Mutluay, A., M. M. Mutluay, K. A. Agee, R. Seseogullari-Dirihan, T. Hoshika, M. Cadenaro, L. Breschi, P. Vallittu, F. R. Tay, and D. H. Pashley. "Carbodiimide Cross-linking Inactivates Soluble and Matrix-bound MMPs, in vitro." Journal of Dental Research 91, no. 2 (November 4, 2011): 192–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0022034511427705.

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Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) cause collagen degradation in hybrid layers created by dentin adhesives. This in vitro study evaluated the feasibility of using a cross-linking agent, 1-ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminopropyl) carbodiimide (EDC), to inactivate soluble rhMMP-9, as an example of dentin MMPs, and matrix-bound dentin proteases. The inhibitory effects of 5 EDC concentrations (0.01-0.3 M) and 5 incubation times (1-30 min) on soluble rhMMP-9 were screened with an MMP assay kit. The same EDC concentrations were used to evaluate their inhibitory effects on endogenous proteinases from completely demineralized dentin beams that were incubated in simulated body fluid for 30 days. Decreases in modulus of elasticity (E) and dry mass of the beams, and increases in hydroxyproline content of hydrolysates derived from the incubation medium were used as indirect measures of matrix collagen hydrolysis. All EDC concentrations and pre-treatment times inactivated MMP-9 by 98% to 100% (p < 0.05) compared with non-cross-linked controls. Dentin beams incubated in 0.3 M EDC showed only a 9% decrease in E (45% decrease in control), a 3.6% to 5% loss of dry mass (18% loss in control), and significantly less solubilized hydroxyproline when compared with the control without EDC cross-linking (p < 0.05). It is concluded that EDC application for 1 min may be a clinically relevant and effective means for inactivating soluble rhMMP-9 and matrix-bound dentin proteinases if further studies demonstrate that EDC is not toxic to pulpal tissues.

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Lin, Jia Horng, Shih Peng Wen, Hsiu Ying Chung, Wen Cheng Chen, and Ching Wen Lou. "Effects of 1-Ethyl-3-(3-Dimethylaminopropyl) Carbodiimide Cross-Linking Duration on the Structure of Chitosan/Gelatin Composite Bone Scaffolds." Applied Mechanics and Materials 457-458 (October 2013): 44–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.457-458.44.

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Freeze-drying method can create three-dimensional, porous structure bone scaffolds, the pore size of which can be changed by a cross-linking agent. This study dissolves chitosan powder in a 1 v/v % acetic acid aqueous solution to form a 2 w/v% chitosan solution. The chitosan solution and a 4 w/v % gelatin aqueous solution are blended to form Chitosan/Gelatin mixture, after which the mixture is frozen at-20 °C for 1 hour, removed, and cross-linked with a 0.5 v/v % 1-ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminopropyl) carbodiimide (EDC) solution for different durations. The cross-linked mixture is frozen at-20 °C for 1 hour and then freeze-dried for 24 hours to form Chitosan/Gelatin composite bone scaffolds. A stereomicroscope and a scanning electron microscopes (SEM) and Image Pro Plus are used to observe the surface and pore size of the bond scaffolds, and in vitro evaluates their biocompatibility. The experiment results show that resulting bone scaffolds possess a uniform pore distribution a desirable biocompatibility.

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Perveen, Shagufta, Jeremy D. Kilburn, Areej M. Al-Taweel, and Mark E. Light. "Synthesis, Characterisation and Crystal Structure of a Novel Pyridyl Urea Macrocycle." Journal of Chemical Research 40, no. 12 (December 2016): 753–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.3184/174751916x14792878808106.

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A novel pyridyl urea based macrocycle has been synthesised and fully characterised including a single crystal X-ray structure determination. The synthetic approach first involves the reaction of benzyloxycarbonylaminopropyl-3-isocyanate with t-butyl 2-[(2-aminopyridin-3-yl)oxy]acetate resulting in a coupling product. After deprotection of the amine and acid moieties and coupling subsequent coupling in the presence of 1-ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)carbodiimide (EDC), a macrocycle is formed. The structures of the compounds were confirmed by mass spectrometry and NMR spectroscopy. The X-ray crystal structure of the macrocycle reveals as expected a non-binding conformation with an intramolecular hydrogen bond between the urea NH and the pyridyl nitrogen.

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Beghetto, Gatto, Conca, Bardella, and Scrivanti. "Polyamidoamide Dendrimers and Cross-Linking Agents for Stabilized Bioenzymatic Resistant Metal-Free Bovine Collagen." Molecules 24, no. 19 (October 7, 2019): 3611. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules24193611.

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The work reports the use of polyamidoamine dendrimers (PAMAM) and a cross-linking agent, 1-ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)-carbodiimide/N-hydroxysuccinimide (EDC/NHS) or 4-(4,6-dimethoxy[1,3,5]triazin-2-yl)-4-methyl-morpholinium chloride (DMTMM), for the thermal stabilization of dermal bovine collagen. The efficiency of EDC/NHS/PAMAM and DMTMM/PAMAM in the cross-linking of collagen is correlated to the increase of the collagen shrinkage temperature (Ts), measured by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). An alternative enzymatic protocol was adopted to measure the degradability of EDC/NHS/PAMAM tanned hides; these data are correlated to the thermal stability values measured by DSC. In the presence of PAMAMs, EDC/NHS provides very high stabilization of bovine dermal collagen, giving Ts of up to 95 °C, while DMTMM achieves lower stabilization. Preliminary tanning tests carried out in best reaction conditions show that EDC/NHS/PAMAM could be an interesting, environmentally-sustainable tanning system which is completely free of metals, formaldehyde, and phenols. Two new unreported dendrimeric species were synthesized and employed.

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Li, Feng Hong, Wen Jing Zhang, San Xi Li, Yong Sun, and Tao Jiang. "Preparation and Thermal Properties Characterization of Cholesterol-Modified Amphiphilic Chitosan." Advanced Materials Research 528 (June 2012): 197–201. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.528.197.

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In this article, cholesterol 3-hemisuccinate (CHS) was synthesized through the functionalization of the end group of liquid crystal monomer cholesterol with succinic anhydride. Hydrophobic cholesterol modified low molecular weight chitosan (CS-CH) was synthesized by 1-Ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminopropyl) carbodiimide (EDC)-mediated coupling reaction. Chemical structure, crystalline morphology, and thermal properties of the biological material were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), differential scanning calorimetric (DSC), and polarized light microscopy (POM). The results of POM showed that CHS was a kind of crystalline material with liquid crystal property of cholesterol. DSC showed that the melting point and the crystalline temperature of CHS were 188 °C and 145 °C respectively. DSC also showed that CS-CH was a kind of thermoplastic biological material. The max melting temperature decreased from 120 °C to 110 °C with increasing the weight ratio of EDC/CHS to chitosan.

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Shafiei, F., B. Yousefipour, and M. Mohammadi-Bassir. "Effect of Carbodiimide on Bonding Durability of Adhesive-cemented Fiber Posts in Root Canals." Operative Dentistry 41, no. 4 (July 1, 2016): 432–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.2341/15-099-l.

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SUMMARY This study was undertaken to investigate whether using a protein cross-linker, 1-ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminopropyl) carbodiimide (EDC), improves bonding stability of fiber posts to root dentin using three resin cements. Sixty human maxillary central incisor roots were randomly divided into six groups after endodontic treatment, according to the cements used with and without EDC pretreatment. In the etch-and-rinse group, 0.3 M EDC aqueous solution was applied on acid-etched root dentin prior to Excite DSC/Variolink II for post cementation. In the self-etch and self-adhesive groups, EDC was used on EDTA-conditioned root space prior to application of ED Primer II/Panavia F2.0 and Clearfil SA, respectively. After microslicing the root dentin, a push-out bond strength (BS) test was performed immediately or after one-year of water storage for each group. Data were analyzed using three-way analysis of variance and Tukey tests (α=0.05). A significant effect of cement type, time, EDC, and Time × Cement and Time × EDC interactions were observed (p≤0.001). EDC pretreatment did not affect immediate bonding of the three cements (p>0.05). Aging significantly reduced the BS in all the groups (p≤0.001), but EDC groups exhibited a higher BS compared with the respective control groups (p<0.001). Despite the significant effect of aging on decreasing the BS of fiber post to radicular dentin, EDC could diminish this effect for the three tested cements.

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DENG, HONG-TAO, YAN LIN, JUAN-JUAN WANG, ZHONG-YANG LIU, MIAO MA, and FEI ZHENG. "COMPARATIVE STUDY ON THE IMMOBILIZATION OF LIPASE ON CHITOSAN GELS MODIFIED BY DIFFERENT HYDROPHOBIC GROUPS." Surface Review and Letters 16, no. 02 (April 2009): 323–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218625x09012664.

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The hydrophobic surface modification of chitosan gels (CS) was carried out using the amidating reaction of amido groups on a gel surface with propionic acid, stearic acid, and benzoic acid, respectively, activated by 1-ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)-carbodiimide hydrochloride (EDC) and N-hydroxysuccinimide (NHS). Lipase from Candida rugosa was immobilized by adsorption on the nascent CS, propionyl-modified gels (PCS), stearyl-modified gels (SCS), and benzoyl-modified gels (BCS), respectively. The adsorption capacity and activity of immobilized lipase were investigated. It was found that the surface modification improved the adsorption capacity of lipase, and the activity retention of immobilized lipase increased from 52.34% for CS to 57.17%, 78.26% and 69.22%, respectively, for PCS, SCS, and BCS.

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Mazzoni, A., V. Angeloni, N. Sartori, S. Duarte, T. Maravic, L. Tjäderhane, D. H. Pashley, F. R. Tay, and L. Breschi. "Substantivity of Carbodiimide Inhibition on Dentinal Enzyme Activity over Time." Journal of Dental Research 96, no. 8 (May 12, 2017): 902–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0022034517708312.

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The use of 1-ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminopropyl) carbodiimide HCl (EDC) has recently been investigated for its effectiveness in the prevention of collagen degradation over time and the improvement of resin-dentin bond durability. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the effects of a 0.3 M EDC-containing conditioner on endogenous enzymatic activities within the hybrid layer (HL) created by a self-etch or an etch-and-rinse adhesive after 1 y. The activity within the HL was examined using in situ zymography and confocal laser scanning microscopy after 24 h or 1-y storage in artificial saliva. Dentin specimens were bonded with Clearfil SE Bond (CSE) or XP Bond (XPB). For CSE, the self-etching primer was applied and treated with 0.3 M EDC for 1 min, and then the bonding agent was applied. For XPB, dentin was etched and treated with 0.3 M EDC for 1 min and then bonded with the primer-bonding agent. Control specimens were prepared without EDC treatment. Slices containing the adhesive-dentin interface were covered with fluorescein-conjugated gelatin and observed with a multiphoton confocal microscope. Fluorescence intensity emitted by hydrolyzed fluorescein-conjugated gelatin was quantified, and the amount of gelatinolytic activity was represented by the percentage of green fluorescence emitted within the HL. After 24 h of storage, enzymatic activity was detected by in situ zymography within the HLs of both tested adhesives, with XPB higher than CSE ( P < 0.05). Almost no fluorescence signal was detected when specimens were pretreated with EDC compared to controls ( P < 0.05). After 1 y of storage, enzymatic activities significantly increased for all groups (excluding XPB control) compared to 24-h storage ( P < 0.05), with EDC pretreated specimens exhibiting significantly lower activity than controls ( P < 0.05). The present study showed, for the first time, that the use of EDC for both the self-etch and the etch-and-rinse approaches results in the reduction but not complete inhibition of matrix-bound collagenolytic enzyme activities over time in the HL.

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Zhu, Lin, Beatriz Pelaz, Indranath Chakraborty, and Wolfgang Parak. "Investigating Possible Enzymatic Degradation on Polymer Shells around Inorganic Nanoparticles." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 20, no. 4 (February 21, 2019): 935. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms20040935.

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Inorganic iron oxide nanoparticle cores as model systems for inorganic nanoparticles were coated with shells of amphiphilic polymers, to which organic fluorophores were linked with different conjugation chemistries, including 1-ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)carbodiimide (EDC) chemistry and two types of “click chemistry”. The nanoparticle-dye conjugates were exposed to different enzymes/enzyme mixtures in order to investigate potential enzymatic degradation of the fluorophore-modified polymer shell. The release of the dyes and polymer fragments upon enzymatic digestion was quantified by using fluorescence spectroscopy. The data indicate that enzymatic cleavage of the fluorophore-modified organic surface coating around the inorganic nanoparticles in fact depends on the used conjugation chemistry, together with the types of enzymes to which the nanoparticle-dye conjugates are exposed.

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Tian, Kun, Min Peng, Ping Wu, Chu Hang Liao, and Fa Yin Huang. "Silk Protein Assisted Ex Vivo Remineralization of Enamel-Like Microstructure." Applied Mechanics and Materials 66-68 (July 2011): 1682–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.66-68.1682.

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Based on the basic theory of molecular recognition, we designed an organic molecules model that spontaneously form three-dimensional fibrillar scaffolds to induce the crystallization of hydroxyapatite to synthesized enamel-like calcium phosphate/hydroxyapatite under a controllable way in vitro. Cross-linking of collagen on the dentin surface and silk fibroin with N,N-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)-N'-ethyl-carbodiimide hydrochloride (EDC) and N-hydroxysuccinimide (NHS) was optimized by varying the NHS/EDC molar ratio at constant EDC concentration. CaCl2 and Na3PO4-12H2O solution was added with Ca: P odd as 1.67:1 after conjugated. The results showed that the dentinal tubule were blocked by neonatal hydroxyapatite layer which has a continuous structure of columns crystal with size of 10-40nm. Furthermore, there were column crystal with parallel direction inside, similar to the crystal array in the top of enamel rod. The results suggest that silk protein monolayer may be useful in the modulation of mineral behavior during in situ dental tissue engineering.

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Sai, Hiroshi, and Hiroshi Ohmizu. "Facile stereoselective syntheses of (E)- and (Z) -α-substituted cinnamates by stereoselective dehydration reaction with 1-ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)carbodiimide (EDC)." Tetrahedron Letters 40, no. 27 (July 1999): 5019–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0040-4039(99)00923-5.

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Qu, Hui, Bao-dong Xie, Jian Wu, Bo Lv, Jun-bo Chuai, Jian-zhong Li, Jun Cai, et al. "Improved Left Ventricular Aneurysm Repair with Cell- and Cytokine-Seeded Collagen Patches." Stem Cells International 2018 (2018): 1–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/4717802.

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Background. Engineered heart tissues (EHTs) present a promising alternative to current materials for surgical ventricular restoration (SVR); however, the clinical application remains limited by inadequate vascularization postimplantation. Moreover, a suitable and economic animal model for primary screening is another important issue. Methods. Recently, we used 1-ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)carbodiimide hydrochloride chemistry (EDC) to initiate a strengthened, cytokine-conjugated collagenous platform with a controlled degradation speed. In vitro, the biomaterial exhibited an enhanced mechanical strength maintaining a porous ultrastructure, and the constant release of cytokines promoted the proliferation of seeded human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs). In vivo, with the hMSC-seeded, cytokine-immobilized patch (MSCs + GF patch), we performed modified SVR for rats with left ventricular aneurysm postmyocardial infarction (MI). Overall, the rats that underwent modified SVR lost less blood and had lower mortality. After 4 weeks, the rats repaired with this cell-seeded, cytokine-immobilized patch presented preserved cardiac function, beneficial morphology, enhanced cell infiltration, and functional vessel formation compared with the cytokine-free (MSC patch), cell-free (GF patch), or blank controls (EDC patch). Furthermore, the degradable period of the collagen patch in vivo extended up to 3 months after EDC treatment. Conclusions. EDC may substantially modify collagen scaffold and provide a promising and practical biomaterial for SVR.

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McClure, Michael J., Scott A. Sell, Catherine P. Barnes, Whitney C. Bowen, and Gary L. Bowlin. "Cross-linking Electrospun Polydioxanone-Soluble Elastin Blends: Material Characterization." Journal of Engineered Fibers and Fabrics 3, no. 1 (March 2008): 155892500800300. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/155892500800300101.

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The purpose of this study was to establish whether material properties of elastin co-electrospun with polydioxanone (PDO) would change over time in both the uncross-linked state and the cross-linked state. First, uncross-linked scaffolds were placed in phosphate buffered saline (PBS) for three separate time periods: 15 minutes, 1 hour, and 24 hours, and subsequently tested using uniaxial materials testing. Several cross-linking reagents were then investigated to verify their ability to crosslink elastin: 1–ethyl-3–(dimethylaminopropyl)-carbodiimide (EDC), ethylene glycol diglycidyl ether (EGDE), and genipin. Uniaxial tensile testing was performed on scaffolds cross-linked with EDC and genipin, yielding results that warranted further investigation for PDO-elastin blends. Material properties of the cross-linked scaffolds were then found within range of both pig femoral artery and human femoral artery. These results demonstrate PDO-elastin blends could potentially be favorable as vascular grafts, thus warranting future in vitro and in vivo studies.

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Scheffel, DLS, CC Delgado, DG Soares, FG Basso, CA de Souza Costa, DH Pashley, and J. Hebling. "Increased Durability of Resin-Dentin Bonds Following Cross-Linking Treatment." Operative Dentistry 40, no. 5 (September 1, 2015): 533–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.2341/13-211-l.

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SUMMARY Objectives: This study evaluated the long-term effect of carbodiimide treatments of acid-etched dentin on resin-dentin bond strength of a simplified etch-and-rinse adhesive system. Methods: Forty-eight sound third molars were divided into three groups (n=16) according to the dentin treatment: G1: deionized water; G2: 0.5 mol/L 1-ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminopropyl) carbodiimide (EDC) applied for 30 seconds; and G3: 0.5 mol/L EDC applied for 60 seconds. Flat dentin surfaces were produced, etched with 37% phosphoric acid for 15 seconds, and then treated with deionized water for 60 seconds or with 0.5 mol/L EDC for 30 or 60 seconds prior to the application of Single Bond 2. Crowns were restored with resin composite, and beam specimens were prepared for microtensile testing. The beams from each group were tested 24 hours or 6 or 12 months after the adhesive procedures. One slab from each tooth was prepared and analyzed for nanoleakage. Bond strength (MPa) data were submitted to analysis of variance and Tukey test (α=0.05). Results: The treatment of dentin with 0.5 mol/L EDC for 30 seconds (24.1±6.2 MPa) and 60 seconds (25.5±5.1 MPa) did not negatively affect the immediate bond strength of Single Bond 2 when compared to the control group (24.6±7.3 MPa). Additionally, EDC prevented resin-dentin bond degradation after 12 months in artificial saliva for both periods of treatment. An increased accumulation of silver ions was seen for the control group over time, while a much lower amount of silver grains was observed for the EDC-treated groups. Conclusions: 0.5 mol/L EDC was able to prevent resin-dentin bond degradation after 12 months, especially when applied for 60 seconds.

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Klein, Hagai, Karthik Ananth Mani, Vinay Chauhan, Noga Yaakov, Franziska Grzegorzewski, Abraham J. Domb, and Guy Mechrez. "Covalent Immobilization of Polyaniline Doped with Ag+ or Cu2+ on Carbon Nanotubes for Ethylene Chemical Sensing." Nanomaterials 11, no. 8 (August 3, 2021): 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano11081993.

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Multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) are promising materials for chemical gas sensing because of their high electrical and mechanical properties and significant sensitivity to changes in the local environment. However, high-content MWCNT films suffer from the low tunability of the electrical resistance, which is crucial for high chemoresistive sensing performance. This study reports the conjugation of MWCNTs and oligomers of polyaniline (PANI) doped with Ag+ or Cu2+ incorporated into a PVC/polyacrylate. MWCNTs were sonicated in n-methyl pyrrolidine (NMP), and PANI was conjugated via a 1-ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminopropyl) carbodiimide and an N-hydroxysuccinimide (EDC/NHS) process. MWCNT/PANI Ag+ or Cu2+ conjugates were doped to form a coordinate bond. The doped conjugates were successfully incorporated into the PVC/polyacrylate. These MWCNT/PANI conjugates doped were exposed to different concentrations of ethylene gas to examine their feasibility for ethylene detection.

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Zhang, Yuzhong, Zhen Wang, Yuehong Wang, Lei Huang, Wei Jiang, and Mingzhu Wang. "Electrochemical Detection of Sequence-Specific DNA with the Amplification of Gold Nanoparticles." International Journal of Electrochemistry 2011 (2011): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.4061/2011/619782.

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A sensitive electrochemical DNA biosensor was prepared based on mercaptoacetic acid (MAA)/gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) modified electrode. Probe DNA (NH2-DNA) was covalently linked to the carboxyl group of MAA in the presence of 1-ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminopropyl) carbodiimide hydrochloride (EDC) and N-hydroxyl-succinimide (NHS). Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and electrochemical impedance spectra (EIS) were used to investigate the film assembly process. The DNA hybridization events were monitored by differential pulse voltammetry (DPV), and adriamycin was used as the electrochemical indicator. Also the factors influencing the performance of the DNA hybridization were investigated in detail. Under the optimal conditions, the signal was linearly changed with target DNA concentration increased from 5.0 × 10−13to 1.0 × 10−9 M and had a detection limit of 1.7 × 10−13 M (signal/noise ratio of 3). In addition, the DNA biosensor showed good reproducibility and stability during DNA assay.

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31

Sai, Hiroshi, and Hiroshi Ohmizu. "ChemInform Abstract: Facile Stereoselective Syntheses of (E)- and (Z)-α-Substituted Cinnamates by Stereoselective Dehydration Reaction with 1-Ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)carbodiimide (EDC)." ChemInform 30, no. 39 (June 13, 2010): no. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/chin.199939091.

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32

Gratzer, Paul F., and J. Michael Lee. "Control of pH alters the type of cross-linking produced by 1-ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)-carbodiimide (EDC) treatment of acellular matrix vascular grafts." Journal of Biomedical Materials Research 58, no. 2 (2001): 172–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/1097-4636(2001)58:2<172::aid-jbm1004>3.0.co;2-9.

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Sztuka, Katarzyna, and Ilona Kołodziejska. "The influence of hydrophobic substances on water vapor permeability of fish gelatin films modified with transglutaminase or 1-ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminopropyl) carbodiimide (EDC)." Food Hydrocolloids 23, no. 3 (May 2009): 1062–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.foodhyd.2008.08.002.

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34

Jovic, Natasa, Maria Calatayud, Beatriz Sanz, Amelia Montone, and Gerardo Goya. "Ex situ integration of iron oxide nanoparticles onto the exfoliated expanded graphite flakes in water suspension." Journal of the Serbian Chemical Society 79, no. 9 (2014): 1155–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/jsc131121019j.

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Hybrid structures composed of exfoliated expanded graphite (EG) and iron oxide nanocrystals have been produced by an ex situ process. The iron oxide nanoparticles coated with meso-2,3-dimercaptosuccinic acid (DMSA), or poly(acrylic) acid (PAA) were integrated onto the exfoliated EG flakes by mixing their aqueous suspensions at room temperature under support of 1-ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)carbodiimide (EDC) and N-hydroxysuccin-nimide (NHS). EG flakes have been used both, naked and functionalized with branched polyethylenimine (PEI). Complete integration of two constituents has been achieved and mainteined stable for more than 12 months. No preferential spatial distribution of anchoring sites for attachement of iron oxide nanoparticles has been observed, regardless EG flakes have been used naked or functionalized with PEI molecules. The structural and physico-chemical characteristics of the exfoliated expanded graphite and its hybrids nanostructures has been investigated by SEM, TEM, FTIR and Raman techniques.

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35

Tain, You-Lin, Li-Cheng Jheng, Sam K. C. Chang, Yu-Wei Chen, Li-Tung Huang, Jin-Xian Liao, and Chih-Yao Hou. "Synthesis and Characterization of Novel Resveratrol Butyrate Esters That Have the Ability to Prevent Fat Accumulation in a Liver Cell Culture Model." Molecules 25, no. 18 (September 14, 2020): 4199. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules25184199.

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To facilitate broad applications and enhance bioactivity, resveratrol was esterified to resveratrol butyrate esters (RBE). Esterification with butyric acid was conducted by the Steglich esterification method at room temperature with N-ethyl-N′-(3-dimethylaminopropyl) carbodiimide (EDC) and 4-dimethyl aminopyridine (DMAP). Our experiments demonstrated the synthesis of RBE through EDC- and DMAP-facilitated esterification was successful and that the FTIR spectra of RBE revealed absorption (1751 cm−1) in the ester region. 13C-NMR spectrum of RBE showed a peak at 171 ppm corresponding to the ester group and peaks between 1700 and 1600 cm−1 in the FTIR spectra. RBE treatment (25 or 50 μM) decreased oleic acid-induced lipid accumulation in HepG2 cells. This effect was stronger than that of resveratrol and mediated through the downregulation of p-ACC and SREBP-2 expression. This is the first study demonstrating RBE could be synthesized by the Steglich method and that resulting RBE could inhibit lipid accumulation in HepG2 cells. These results suggest that RBE could potentially serve as functional food ingredients and supplements for health promotion.

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36

Li, Wei Kun, and Yu Jun Yang. "Mixed Self-Assembled Monolayers Modified Electrode for the Detection of Human Neutrophil Elastase." Advanced Materials Research 898 (February 2014): 308–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.898.308.

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A novel electrochemical sensor has been developed based on the specificity of the molecular recognition of human neutrophil elastase (HNE) provided by its specific inhibitor, sivelestat. First, the gold surfaces were modified with homogeneously mixed cysteamine and 6-ferrocenyl-1-hexanethiol (FcHT) to generate a mixed self-assembled monolayers (mSAM) modified Au electrode. Then the sivelestat was covalently attached to the mSAM by its carboxylic group to the amino group with the use of activating reagents: 1-ethyl-3(3-dimethylaminopropyl)-carbodiimide (EDC) and N-hydroxy-sulfosuccinimide (NHS). Cyclic voltammetry (CV), differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) was used to monitor the sensor assembly and the recognition of HNE on surfaces. Upon the selective binding of HNE to the surface bound sivelestat, the redox potentials of the ferrocene moiety of the mSAM shifted positively together with a decrease of the peak current. A clinically relevant range of HNE concentrations was successfully detected in pH 7.4 phosphate buffer.

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37

Shafiei, Fereshteh, Maryam Firouzmandi, and Moona Zamanpour. "The effect of two cross-linking agents on dentin bond strength of resin-modified glass ionomer." European Journal of Dentistry 11, no. 04 (October 2017): 486–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/ejd.ejd_258_17.

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ABSTRACT Objectives: The hybrid layer at the interface of resin-modified glass ionomer cements and dentin is prone to degradation by endogenous matrix metalloproteinases. We aimed to investigate the effect of two types of collagen crosslinkers, carbodiimide and proanthocyanidin (PA), on immediate and medium-term bond strength of a resin-modified glass ionomer to dentin. Materials and Methods: Seventy-two molars were flattened on the occlusal surface to expose dentin. The specimens were divided into control, 1-ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminopropy) carbodiimide hydrochloride (EDC), and PA groups (n = 24). In the EDC and PA groups, carbodiimide and PA solutions were applied for 1 min, respectively. Resin-modified glass ionomer was bonded. Half of the specimens in each group were tested for shear bond strength after 24 h and the other half were tested after 6 months. Statistical Analysis: Data were analyzed with SPSS version 16 (SPSS Inc, Chicago, IL, USA), using two-way ANOVA, and subgroup analysis was performed using one-way ANOVA, Tukey's test, and t-test. Results: Two-way ANOVA showed that treatment and time affected the bond strength. Carbodiimide and PA did not affect the immediate bond strength (P = 0.51). After 6 months, the bond strength of the EDC group was significantly lower than that of the control and PA groups. Bond strength of the control and PA groups increased after 6 months (P ≤ 0.002). Conclusion: PA did not interfere with maturation of RMGIC unlike carbodiimide. Therefore, it can be suggested as an matrix metalloproteinase inhibitor before bonding of resin-modified glass ionomer to dentin.

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Sai, Hiroshi, Tsuyoshi Ogiku, and Hiroshi Ohmizu. "Facile stereoselective synthesis of (E)- and (Z)-α-substituted cinnamates: stereospecific dehydration reaction with 1-ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)carbodiimide (EDC) and copper(II) chloride." Tetrahedron 63, no. 41 (October 2007): 10345–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tet.2007.07.069.

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39

Balakin, Sascha, Nicholas R. Dennison, Benjamin Klemmed, Juliane Spohn, Gianaurelio Cuniberti, Lotta Römhildt, and Jörg Opitz. "Immobilization of Detonation Nanodiamonds on Macroscopic Surfaces." Applied Sciences 9, no. 6 (March 13, 2019): 1064. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app9061064.

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Detonation nanodiamonds (NDs) are a novel class of carbon-based nanomaterials, and have received a great deal of attention in biomedical applications, due to their high biocompatibility, facile surface functionalization, and commercialized synthetic fabrication. We were able to transfer the NDs from large-size agglomerate suspensions to homogenous coatings. ND suspensions have been used in various techniques to coat on commercially available substrates of pure Ti and Si. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) imaging and nanoindentation show that the densest and strongest coating of NDs was generated when using 1-ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)carbodiimide and N-hydroxysuccinimide (EDC/NHS)-mediated coupling to macroscopic silanized surfaces. In the next step, the feasibility of DNA-mediated coupling of NDs on macroscopic surfaces is discussed using fluorescent microscopy and additional particle size distribution, as well as zeta potential measurements. This work compares different ND coating strategies and describes the straightforward technique of grafting single-stranded DNA onto carboxylated NDs via thioester bridges.

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40

Osiński, Marek, Yekaterina I. Brandt, Leisha M. Armijo, Michael Kopciuch, Nathan J. Withers, Nathaniel C. Cook, Natalie L. Adolphi, Gennady A. Smolyakov, and Hugh D. C. Smyth. "Efficacy of Tobramycin Conjugated to Superparamagnetic Iron Oxide Nanoparticles in Treating Cystic Fibrosis Infections." MRS Proceedings 1617 (2013): 127–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/opl.2013.1175.

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ABSTRACTCystic fibrosis (CF) is an inherited childhood-onset life-shortening disease. It is characterized by increased respiratory production, leading to airway obstruction, chronic lung infection and inflammatory reactions. The most common bacteria causing persisting infections in people with CF isPseudomonas aeruginosa. Superparamagnetic Fe3O4iron oxide nanoparticles (NPs) conjugated to the antibiotic (tobramycin), guided by a gradient of the magnetic field or subjected to an oscillating magnetic field, show promise in improving the drug delivery across the mucus andP. aeruginosabiofilm to the bacteria. The question remains whether tobramycin needs to be released from the NPs after the penetration of the mucus barrier in order to act upon the pathogenic bacteria. We used a zero-length 1-ethyl-3-[3-dimethylaminopropyl] carbodiimide hydrochloride (EDC) crosslinking agent to couple tobramycin, via its amine groups, to the carboxyl groups on Fe3O4NPs capped with citric acid. The therapeutic efficiency of Fe3O4NPs attached to the drug versus that of the free drug was investigated inP. aeruginosaculture.

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41

Thomas, Vinoy, Danna Nozik, Harsh Patel, Raj K. Singh, and Yogesh K. Vohra. "Biohybrid Fibro-Porous Vascular Scaffolds: Effect of Crosslinking on Properties." MRS Proceedings 1718 (2015): 79–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/opl.2015.490.

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ABSTRACTTubular grafts were fabricated from blends of polycaprolactone (PCL) and poly(glycolide-co-caprolactone) (PGC) polymers and coated with an extracellular matrix containing collagens, laminin, and proteoglycans, but not growth factors (HuBiogel™). Multifunctional scaffolds from polymer blends and membrane proteins provide the necessary biomechanics and biological functions for tissue regeneration. Two crosslinking agents, a natural crosslinker namely genipin (Gp) and a carbodiimide reagent namely 1-ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)carbodiimide (EDC), were used for further stabilizing the protein matrix and the effect of crosslinking was evaluated for structural, morphological, mechanical properties using SEM, DSC and DMA. SEM images and fiber diameter distribution showed fiber-size between 0.2 μm to 1 μm with the majority of fiber diameters being under 500 nm, indicating upper range of protein fiber-sizes (for example, collagen fibers in extracellular matrix are in 50 to 500 nm diameter range). HB coating did not affect the mechanical properties, but increased its hydrophilicity of the graft. Overall data showed that PCL/PGC blends with 3:1 mass ratio exhibited mechanical properties comparable to those of human native arteries (tensile strength of 1-2 MPa and Young’s modulus of <10 MPa). Additionally, the effect of crosslinking on coating stability was investigated to assure the retention of proteins on scaffold for effective cell-matrix interactions.

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42

Taunk, Chen, Iskander, Ho, Almohaywi, Black, Willcox, and Kumar. "The Role of Orientation of Surface Bound Dihydropyrrol-2-ones (DHP) on Biological Activity." Molecules 24, no. 14 (July 23, 2019): 2676. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules24142676.

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Quorum sensing (QS) signaling system is important for bacterial growth, adhesion, and biofilm formation resulting in numerous infectious diseases. Dihydropyrrol-2-ones (DHPs) represent a novel class of antimicrobial agents that inhibit QS, and are less prone to develop bacterial resistance due to their non-growth inhibition mechanism of action which does not cause survival pressure on bacteria. DHPs can prevent bacterial colonization and quorum sensing when covalently bound to substrates. In this study, the role of orientation of DHP compounds was investigated after covalent attachment by 1-ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)carbodiimide (EDC)/N-hydroxysuccinimide (NHS) coupling reaction to amine-functionalized glass surfaces via various positions of the DHP scaffold. The functionalized glass surfaces were characterized by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and contact angle measurements and tested for their in vitro biological activity against S. aureus and P. aeruginosa. DHPs attached via the N-1 position resulted in the highest antibacterial activities against S. aureus, while no difference was observed for DHPs attached either via the N-1 position or the C-4 phenyl ring against P. aeruginosa.

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43

Oh, Seikwan, Hyung-In Moon, Jae-Chul Jung, and Mitchell A. Avery. "Convenient Synthesis and Evaluation of Biological Activity of Benzyl (2S)-2-[(R)-1-hydroxy-2-oxo-(1-phenethyl)prop-3-ylcarbamoyl]- 4-oxopiperidine- (or -4-oxopyrrolidine)-1-carboxylate as Novel Histone Deacetylase Inhibitors." Zeitschrift für Naturforschung B 63, no. 11 (November 1, 2008): 1300–1304. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/znb-2008-1108.

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Abstract A simple synthesis, involving a key coupling reaction, and the biological activity of the title compounds 16 and 17 are described. The key fragments are the amine·HCl salt 6 and the acids 9 and 13, which were smoothly coupled by using ethyl(dimethylaminopropyl)carbodiimide (EDCI) and 1- hydroxybenzotriazole (HOBt) in high yield.We have found that the in vitro growth inhibitory potency of the new compounds 16 and 17 exhibits good histone deacetylase (HDAC) activity.

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44

Ramli, Martalena, Peter F. Schmidt, Nadine Di Bartolo, and Suzanne V. Smith. "Investigation into the Use of a Diaminodihydroxyaryl Derivative of Ethylenediaminetetraacetic Acid (DAHA-EDTA) for Cu-64 PET Imaging and Radioimmunotherapy." Australian Journal of Chemistry 70, no. 5 (2017): 614. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ch16647.

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A diaminodihydroxyaryl derivative of ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (DAHA-EDTA) was synthesised in two steps and evaluated for Cu-64 radiolabelling of the B72.3 antibody. The ligand complexes Cu-64 rapidly in a pH range 4 to 7. The Cu-64 complex of the parent species N,N′-bis(carboxymethyl)-N,N′-bis(2-hydroxyacetanilido)-1,2-diaminoethane (DHA-EDTA) shows good stability in serum at 37°C for up to 72 h. Conjugation of the Cu-64-DAHA-EDTA to the B72.3 antibody was achieved using 1-ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)carbodiimide (EDC) as the activating agent. The reaction conditions were optimized for protein concentration and molar ratio of Cu-64-DAHA-EDTA and EDC to antibody. The specific activity of the final [Cu-64-DAHA-EDTA]-B72.3 product was 49 MBq mg−1 at the end of synthesis. The biodistribution of [Cu-64-DAHA-EDTA]-B72.3 in LS174t tumour-bearing nude mice was monitored over a 24 h period. Maximum tumour uptake (25.8 ± 7.5 % ID g−1) was achieved at 16 h and maintained at 24 h (21.6 ± 1.8 % ID g−1). Rapid clearance of the [Cu-64-DAHA-EDTA]-B72.3 from the blood resulted in good tumour-to-blood ratios (≈ 3.3) within a shorter period (6 h) than previously reported with B72.3 whole antibody and the LS174t tumour bearing nude mouse model.

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Tian, Kun, Dong Hua Guan, Ping Wu, Chun Peng Huang, Lin Niu, Su Qin Xian, Yu Chen, et al. "Controlled Crystallization of Tooth-Like Hydroxyapatite under Gelatin Monolayer." Key Engineering Materials 330-332 (February 2007): 663–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.330-332.663.

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Based on the molecular recognition theory, an organic molecules model was designed to induce the hydroxyapatite crystallization, to build a tooth-like calcium phosphate/hydroxyapatite under a controllable way in vitro. The cross-linking of collagen on the dentin surface and gelatin was optimized by varying the molar ratio of N,N-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)- N'-ethyl-carbodiimide hydrochloride (EDC) and N-hydroxysuccinimide (NHS) at a constant EDC concentration. CaCl2 and Na3PO4-12H2O solutions were added after the crosslinking process. The whole process requires repeating the crosslinking and mineralization process for five times. The obtained composite were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) as well as energy dispersive X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The results showed that the dentinal tubule were blocked by neonatal hydroxyapatite layer which has a continuous structure of columns crystal with size of 10-40nm. Furthermore, there was column crystal with parallel direction inside, similar to the crystal array in the top of enamel rod. This study showed that the specific organic molecule model can be used as a potential effective crystal growth modifier.

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46

Heublein, B., E. G. Evagorou, R. Rohde, S. Ohse, R. R. Meliss, S. Barlach, and A. Haverich. "Polymerized Degradable Hyaluronan – a Platform for Stent Coating with Inherent Inhibitory Effects on Neointimal Formation in a Porcine Coronary Model." International Journal of Artificial Organs 25, no. 12 (December 2002): 1166–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/039139880202501208.

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Biodegradable hyaluronan (hyaluronic acid, HA) made insoluble by self-cross-linking in the presence of N-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)-N′-ethyl carbodiimide (EDC) has been used to cover stents. The maximum polymer-mass on a 16-mm stainless steel stent is approximately 2 mg. During manual crimping and simulated application, the loss of polymerized HA is negligible. The insoluble HA coating has an advantageous inherent antiproliferative effect regarding neointimal formation after local vessel wall injury (overstretch model) and leads to a reduced inflammatory response compared to uncoated stainless-steel stents, used as control, in undiseased pig coronary arteries, over a follow-up period of four weeks. Thus, cross-linked HA stent coating warrants further research as an interactive degradable biomaterial with an inherent inhibitory effect on neointimal formation as a possible biomatrix for local drug delivery to reduce restenosis rate.

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47

Kumar, Vineet, Naveen Kumar, Anil K. Gangwar, and Himani Singh. "Comparison of acellular small intestinal matrix (ASIM) and 1-ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)carbodiimide crosslinked ASIM (ASIM-EDC) for repair of full-thickness skin wounds in rabbits." Wound Medicine 7 (December 2014): 24–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.wndm.2015.01.001.

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48

Rexová-Benková, Lubomíra. "Evidence for the role of carboxyl groups in activity of endopolygalacturonase of Aspergillus niger. Chemical modification by carbodiimide reagent." Collection of Czechoslovak Chemical Communications 55, no. 5 (1990): 1389–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1135/cccc19901389.

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Endopolygalacturonase (E.C. 3.2.1.15) of Aspergillus niger was modified with 1-ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)carbodiimide and glycine ethyl ester. The modification resulted in total irreversible inactivation of the enzyme and derivatization of carboxyl acid residues and tyrosine residues. The treatment of the modified enzyme with hydroxylamine led to a restoration of modified tyrosine residues but not to reactivation of the enzyme. The inactivation with carbodiimide was pH dependent, the rate of inactivation increased with decreasing pH. Tri(D-galactosiduronic acid), a competitive inhibitor, or crosslinked pectic acid protected the enzyme against the inactivation. In bioaffinity chromatography of partially inactivated endopolygalacturonase, all residual enzyme activity was retained on the adsorbent while all inactive fraction passed without retardation through the column. On the basis of these results, as well as proximity of the rate constants for enzyme inactivation and the carboxyl group modification it is suggested that the loss of endopolygalacturonase activity is due to the modification of carboxylic acid residues and that at least one is essential for enzyme activity.

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49

Cuppoletti, John, Kirti P. Tewari, Ann M. Sherry, Elena Y. Kupert, and Danuta H. Malinowska. "ClC-2 Cl− channels in human lung epithelia: activation by arachidonic acid, amidation, and acid-activated omeprazole." American Journal of Physiology-Cell Physiology 281, no. 1 (July 1, 2001): C46—C54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpcell.2001.281.1.c46.

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ClC-2 Cl− channels represent a potential target for therapy in cystic fibrosis. Key questions regarding the feasibility of using ClC-2 as a therapeutic target are addressed in the present studies, including whether the channels are present in human lung epithelia and whether activators of the channel can be identified. Two new mechanisms of activation of human recombinant ClC-2 Cl− channels expressed in HEK-293 cells were identified: amidation with glycine methyl ester catalyzed by 1-ethyl-3(3-dimethylaminopropyl) carbodiimide (EDC) and treatment with acid-activated omeprazole. ClC-2 mRNA was detected by RT-PCR. Channel function was assessed by measuring Cl− currents by patch clamp in the presence of a cAMP-dependent protein kinase (PKA) inhibitor, myristoylated protein kinase inhibitor, to prevent PKA-activated Cl− currents. Calu-3, A549, and BEAS-2B cell lines derived from different human lung epithelia contained ClC-2 mRNA, and Cl− currents were increased by amidation, acid-activated omeprazole, and arachidonic acid. Similar results were obtained with buccal cells from healthy individuals and cystic fibrosis patients. The ClC-2 Cl− channel is thus a potential target for therapy in cystic fibrosis.

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Smith, Daniel L., Elizabeth N. Lemieux, and Sutapa Barua. "Correction in Bicinchoninic Acid (BCA) Absorbance Assay to Analyze Protein Concentration." Nano LIFE 08, no. 03 (September 2018): 1850005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s1793984418500058.

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Conducting the bicinchoninic acid (BCA) assay directly after a coupling reaction using (1-ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminopropyl) carbodiimide) (EDC) and [Formula: see text]-hydroxysuccinimide (NHS) chemistry produces significant errors. Here we present a correction for the quantification of gelatin in the supernatant (SN) following gelatin conjugation to polymer microparticles using EDC and NHS chemistry. Following the conjugation reaction, SNs from the gelatin-microparticle formation reaction are treated with BCA assay reagents and quantified for the percentage of unbound gelatin in the solution. NHS was found to interfere with the BCA assay reagents and is dependent on incubation time. It is found that the large concentration (500[Formula: see text][Formula: see text]g/mL) of NHS in the conjugation reaction interferes with the sensitivity of gelatin present in SNs. The interference from NHS requires a careful analysis to distinguish the BCA background absorbance from the sample absorbance. Using an NHS control solution can correct NHS interference and thus decrease the expensive iterations in gelatin quantification and enable accurate analysis of gelatin content. The accuracy of gelatin quantification is further improved by reducing the BCA assay incubation time to approximately 20[Formula: see text]min, compared with the recommended 30[Formula: see text]min. This re-assessment of BCA assay is important to avoid misestimating biases in bioconjugation processes.

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Journal articles on the topic '1-ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)-carbodiimide (EDC)'

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