Academic literature on the topic '1. forest certification'
Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles
Consult the lists of relevant articles, books, theses, conference reports, and other scholarly sources on the topic '1. forest certification.'
Next to every source in the list of references, there is an 'Add to bibliography' button. Press on it, and we will generate automatically the bibliographic reference to the chosen work in the citation style you need: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.
You can also download the full text of the academic publication as pdf and read online its abstract whenever available in the metadata.
Journal articles on the topic "1. forest certification"
1
Jayasinghe, Priyangi, S. Denise Allen, Gary Q. Bull, and Robert A. Kozak. "The status of forest certification in the Canadian value-added wood products manufacturing sector." Forestry Chronicle 83, no. 1 (2007): 113–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.5558/tfc83113-1.
Full textAbstract:
With forest certification on the rise in Canada, a nation-wide mail survey was implemented in 2004 to gain insight into the attitudes of value-added wood products manufacturers towards certification. The majority of firms in this sector (64.8%) were not interested in forest certification, and only 17.6% were involved with forest certification at the time of the survey. Another 17.6% did express interest in becoming involved within the next five years. Low levels of knowledge and awareness regarding forest certification and a perceived lack of consumer demand for certified forest products were identified as factors contributing to the significant lack of interest in adopting certification. Although uptake remains limited, a cluster analysis identified a sizeable segment of manufacturers (43.5%) that has a "wait and see" attitude towards forest certification pending future developments in consumer markets. Logistic regression indicated that manufacturer interest in forest certification is linked to both awareness of chain of custody certification and a belief that certification can act as a competitive differentiation tool. Canadian value-added wood products manufacturers that are currently engaged or interested in forest certification tend largely to be ethically motivated and expressed concerns about the future health of forests and sustainable forest management. However, these same respondents were generally doubtful about the ability of forest certification to provide short-term financial gains. Key words: forest certification, chain of custody, value-added wood products manufacturers, Canada
2
Chen, Jiaojiao, Lanhui Wang, Lingchao Li, et al. "Effect of Forest Certification on International Trade in Forest Products." Forests 11, no. 12 (2020): 1270. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f11121270.
Full textAbstract:
Forest certification plays an important role in the global trade of legal, sustainably harvested timber. There is no accurate definition of how international forest certification systems impact international trade from a global perspective. This paper is intended to evaluate the influence of forest certification on international trade, so that it can provide a scientific basis for the improvement of the international forest certification systems and for the development of relevant forestry industries in different countries. First, the influence of forest certification on international trade of forest products is explained in the economic model; hence, four hypotheses are put forward. Second, to test these hypotheses, we verify the panel data of bilateral trade and forest certification of all forest products among 67 economies from 2009 to 2018 by incorporating forest certifications into the gravity model. Finally, tests by country groups and product groups were further analyzed, respectively. The results show that: (1) The extended Poisson pseudo maximum likelihood (PPML) estimation solves the problem of the heteroscedasticity and zero trade value problems of the gravity model well in the forest industry. (2) Forest certification has an export competitive effect, a trade barrier effect, as well as common language effect. (3) Forest certification has asymmetric trade effects. The export competitive effect of forest certification in developing countries is greater than that in developed countries. Forest certification has become a trade barrier for developing countries, especially in the process of trade with developed countries. The common language effect is higher during the trade between developed and developing countries. The export competitive effect of wood products is higher than that of furniture products. Forest certification has trade barrier effect on wood products in developing countries, while it has trade barrier effect on furniture products in developed countries.
3
Ptichnikov, A. V. "Market based forest conservation opportunities." Izvestiya Rossiiskoi akademii nauk. Seriya geograficheskaya, no. 6 (December 17, 2019): 97–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.31857/s2587-55662019697-106.
Full textAbstract:
Forests of Russia have global ecological significance. They include huge massive of boreal forests, almost a quarter of global area of intact forest landscapes. The global role of Russian forests in inhibition of aridization and land degradation is well known. Development of representative system of forest protection is one of the main tasks of Russian Federation in implementation of the Convention on Biological Diversity obligations. The Strategic Plan for Biodiversity 20112020 and the Aichi Strategic Goals plan protection of no less than 17% of terrestrial ecosystems area to the 2020, especially the sites of high significance for biodiversity and ecosystem services. The main forest protection mechanisms are protected natural areas (PNA), forests with protective functions, and protective sites (PS). PNA contains around 7% of forest covered area. Forests with protective functions make up around 16% of forest covered areas, but the management regimes of many types of such forests are not conforming to the Aichi Biodiversity Targets. Many of forests with protective functions are under lease for forest management. Since recently the significance of voluntary Forest Stewardship council (FSC) certification for biodiversity conservation is increasing. The standards of FSC certification require from forest companies to implement protection and appropriate use of high conservation value forests (HCVF). Totally there are 46 mln ha of FSC certified forests in Russia, from them around 56 mln ha of HCVF received additional protection from certification. One of the most important categories of HCVF are intact forest landscapes (IFLs). Around 1 mln ha of IFLs are protected as the result of forest certification, providing significant input into Convention on Biological Diversity. For 35 FSC certified companies the share of identified HCVFs with nature conservation regimes in their leased forests is comparable with the average share of PNAs (without certification) on the regional or district level. The main output of the research is that the role of voluntary forest certification for enhancing the system of forest protection in Russia is increasing, which receives worldwide recognition.
4
Gullison, R. E. "Does forest certification conserve biodiversity?" Oryx 37, no. 2 (2003): 153–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0030605303000346.
Full textAbstract:
Forest certification provides a means by which producers who meet stringent sustainable forestry standards can identify their products in the marketplace, allowing them to potentially receive greater market access and higher prices for their products. An examination of the ways in which certification may contribute to biodiversity conservation leads to the following conclusions: 1) the process of Forest Stewardship Council (FSC)-certification generates improvements to management with respect to the value of managed forests for biodiversity. 2) Current incentives are not sufficient to attract the majority of producers to seek certification, particularly in tropical countries where the costs of improving management to meet FSC guidelines are significantly greater than any market benefits they may receive; available incentives are even less capable of convincing forest owners to retain forest cover and produce certified timber on a sustainable basis, rather than deforesting their lands for timber and agriculture. 3) At present, current volumes of certified forest products are insufficient to reduce demand to log high conservation value forests. If FSC certification is to make greater inroads, particularly in tropical countries, significant investments will be needed both to increase the benefits and reduce the costs of certification. Conservation investors will need to carefully consider the biodiversity benefits that will be generated from such investments, versus the benefits generated from investing in more traditional approaches to biodiversity conservation.
5
Staddon, W. J., L. C. Duchesne, and J. T. Trevors. "The role of microbial indicators of soil quality in ecological forest management." Forestry Chronicle 75, no. 1 (1999): 81–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.5558/tfc75081-1.
Full textAbstract:
Ecological management is gaining acceptance as an encompassing philosophy in forest resource management. In keeping with this new paradigm, the Canadian Standards Association is creating a forest certification process to ensure that forest products are generated through sustainable forestry. However, a great deal of research is needed to develop and assess soil indicators of ecological sustainability. This paper discusses the role and usefulness of microbial indicators of soil quality in the ecological management of forests and the forest certification process. Suitable microbial indicators of soil conservation should be closely linked to critical ecological processes, should be documented properly across various ecosystem types, should be easy to use, and must evolve with new scientific knowledge. Key words: ecological management, soil quality, criteria and indicators, Canadian Standards Association, soil microorganisms, fire
6
Pitri, Rina Muhayah Noor. "PREMIUM PRICE PENGELOLAAN SUMBERDAYA HUTAN PRODUKSI BERSERTIFIKASI." EnviroScienteae 12, no. 2 (2016): 96. http://dx.doi.org/10.20527/es.v12i2.1687.
Full textAbstract:
Forest certification is a key issue in relation to the forest products industry. It's also a new trend market of forest products. Forest certification is a guarantee that the products resulting from the forest management process in accordance with the standard of sustainable forest resources management. Certification will be increasing the cost of management as an impact of fulfilling requirement on the criteria of the certified forest. The fundamental question whether the award of certified products has been accompanied by an increase in premium price for forest estate or only becoming as the cost that reducing profit for the forest estate. The aims of this research are: 1) to know the difference between the sales price of certified and non-certified wood, 2) to know the premium price on certified forests, 3) to identify the factors that influence the amount of premium price of the certified forest. Data collection were used by searching the document and literature reference on forest certification. The results showed that the premium price received from the certified timber is higher than non-certified timber. Certified wood with high quality has a premium price that is greater than the low-quality wood. The percentage of premium price received varied forest estate. Premium price sometimes unsignificantly received by small-scale of timber estate. The revenue of premium price of certifies forest is influenced by the following factors: 1) The forest area to be certified, 2) Organizations that perform assessments, 3) Company / bodies / organizations that filed the certification, 4) he The country as a buyer of certified timber product 5) the facilitator in the market activities, 6) post-certification fee, and 7) the sales price.
7
Carlson, Kimberly M., Robert Heilmayr, Holly K. Gibbs, et al. "Effect of oil palm sustainability certification on deforestation and fire in Indonesia." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 115, no. 1 (2017): 121–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1704728114.
Full textAbstract:
Many major corporations and countries have made commitments to purchase or produce only “sustainable” palm oil, a commodity responsible for substantial tropical forest loss. Sustainability certification is the tool most used to fulfill these procurement policies, and around 20% of global palm oil production was certified by the Roundtable on Sustainable Palm Oil (RSPO) in 2017. However, the effect of certification on deforestation in oil palm plantations remains unclear. Here, we use a comprehensive dataset of RSPO-certified and noncertified oil palm plantations (∼188,000 km2) in Indonesia, the leading producer of palm oil, as well as annual remotely sensed metrics of tree cover loss and fire occurrence, to evaluate the impact of certification on deforestation and fire from 2001 to 2015. While forest loss and fire continued after RSPO certification, certified palm oil was associated with reduced deforestation. Certification lowered deforestation by 33% from a counterfactual of 9.8 to 6.6% y−1. Nevertheless, most plantations contained little residual forest when they received certification. As a result, by 2015, certified areas held less than 1% of forests remaining within Indonesian oil palm plantations. Moreover, certification had no causal impact on forest loss in peatlands or active fire detection rates. Broader adoption of certification in forested regions, strict requirements to avoid all peat, and routine monitoring of clearly defined forest cover loss in certified and RSPO member-held plantations appear necessary if the RSPO is to yield conservation and climate benefits from reductions in tropical deforestation.
8
Lukashevich, Victor, Ilya Shegelman, Aleksey Vasilyev, and Mariia Lukashevich. "Forest certification in Russia: development, current state and problems." Forestry Journal 62, no. 1 (2016): 48–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/forj-2016-0006.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract The article analyzes the development of voluntary forest certification by the Forest Stewardship Council (FSC) system in Russia. The article is based on the review of diverse information sources, analysis of the reports of timber processing enterprises, personal observations during certification audits, discussions in workgroups, and information collected at training courses. We evaluated the present state of voluntary forest certification in Russia, analyzed non-compliances of the activity of Russian wood processing enterprises with the national standard FSC-STD-RUS-V6-1-2012 and indicated possible reasons for non-fulfillment of the requirements. We also presented problems in the development of forest certification in Russia and possible ways for its further development. By the end of 2015, about 40 million hectares were certified, approximately 160 certificates were issued on forest management and 440 certificates on chain of custody. The 6th principle of the national forest management standard is the most problematic for logging enterprises. The principle concerns the requirements on the evaluation of impact of enterprise’s activity on the environment. About 40% of non-compliances identified by auditors referred to the indicators of the 6th principle. We argue that the main problems of forest certification development in Russia are contradictions between the principles and the criteria of FSC and the requirements of Russian forest legislation, retention of biodiversity and high conservation value forests, lack of economic incentives for introduction and implementation of certification requirements, and high cost of audits. Despite the existing problems, the certification remains one of the most important instruments for achieving sustainable forest management in Russia.
9
Bourgeois, Laurence, Daniel Kneeshaw, Louis Imbeau, Nicolas Bélanger, Stephen Yamasaki, and Suzanne Brais. "How do Alberta's, Ontario's and Quebec's forest operation laws respect ecological sustainable forest management criteria in the boreal forest?" Forestry Chronicle 83, no. 1 (2007): 61–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.5558/tfc83061-1.
Full textAbstract:
In order to receive forest certification and to respond to societal desires, many forest companies are attempting to demonstrate that their forest activities are «sustainable». The main objective of this paper is to qualitatively evaluate the ways in which forestry-related provincial regulations in the three provinces (Alberta, Ontario and Quebec) that contain most of the Canadian boreal forest help forest companies achieve certification with respect to ecological criteria. In the process of continually evolving towards sustainable forest management, we evaluate how these provincial regulations governing forest operations can be helpful in maintaining three criteria: biodiversity, the aquatic environment and soils. This study shows that the regulations evaluated have varied in their approach and thus have different strengths that must be underlined: (1) Ontario's approach is the strongest in terms of biodiversity, (2) Alberta and Ontario provide measures to abandon roads after harvesting, (3) Quebec provides the greatest specific measures for protecting waterways and aquatic species, (4) Alberta shows the greatest consideration for maintaining the most soil properties and functions. Better links between different regulations are necessary in all jurisdictions. The continual improvement of Canadian forest rules is often slow and advances at a different pace depending on regulators but it should be supported in all provinces. Key words: sustainable forest management, biodiversity, aquatic environment, soils, Alberta, Ontario, Quebec
10
Lattimore, Brenna, Tat Smith, and Jim Richardson. "Coping with complexity: Designing low-impact forest bioenergy systems using an adaptive forest management framework and other sustainable forest management tools." Forestry Chronicle 86, no. 1 (2010): 20–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.5558/tfc86020-1.
Full textAbstract:
Forest fuel production is a growing industry in Canada and elsewhere, as governments strive to increase energy security and find alternatives to the use of fossil fuels. While forest bioenergy can provide environmental benefits such as renewability and carbon emissions reductions, the industry can also pose environmental risks through increasing pressure on forest resources. Because large-scale forest bioenergy production is relatively new to Canada, much is still unknown about how such an industry might evolve and impact forest ecosystems. These unknowns, along with the cross-sectoral, multistakeholder nature of the industry, make planning for sustainable forest bioenergy systems quite challenging. In this paper, we introduce some of the challenges to creating sustainable systems, and we discuss how sustainable forest management frameworks like Adaptive Forest Management and Sustainable Forest Management Certification can help to meet these challenges. We also discuss the importance of technology transfer to ensuring that the best available knowledge forms the basis for effective standards and management plans. Sustainable forest management frameworks can help to organize, distil and communicate the growing body of research on forest bioenergy production, link policy to practice through the creation of standards, and incorporate provisions for continual learning and system adaptation, all of which are key to the long-term sustainability of the rapidly evolving forest bioenergy sector. Key words: bioenergy, sustainable forest management frameworks, adaptive forest management, certification, standards, technology transfer
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "1. forest certification"
1
Voivodic, Mauricio de Almeida. "Os desafios da legitimidade em sistemas multissetoriais de governança: uma análise do Forest Stewardship Council." Universidade de São Paulo, 2010. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/90/90131/tde-12082011-095921/.
Full textAbstract:
O sistema de certificação florestal FSC, cujo objetivo institucional é reduzir os impactos negativos da exploração predatória de florestas, é um mecanismo criado e governado por atores da sociedade civil. Sem dispor de poder governamental para regulamentar a forma de atuação do setor privado, o FSC define regras socioambientais de produção que são seguidas por milhares de empresas em centenas de países, representando cerca de 20% das áreas florestais produtivas. Atualmente o FSC reúne entre seus afiliados as principais organizações ambientalistas, movimentos sociais e empresas florestais do mundo. Estudar os mecanismos internos de funcionamento do FSC, utilizados para manter o apoio desta densa rede de organizações, cada qual com seus interesses específicos e muitas vezes antagônicos, de modo que consiga ser, ao mesmo tempo, uma oportunidade de ganhos para empresas privadas e uma estratégia de redução de impactos socioambientais para organizações ambientais e sociais, é o objetivo central desta dissertação de mestrado. Para isso foi analisado o desenho institucional do FSC e os mecanismos utilizados no processo de tomada de decisões, por meio de um estudo das últimas duas Assembléias Gerais do FSC (2005 e 2008), instância máxima de decisão do sistema. Este estudo foi realizado a partir de análises dos resultados das decisões tomadas nestas ocasiões, e de interpretações factuais do processo de negociação que existe entre os diferentes setores envolvidos. Estas assembléias constituem reais arenas de negociação entre os diversos atores interessados no setor florestal, sejam empresas privadas, organizações ambientalistas ou movimentos sociais, ambos com poder igualitário de voto em todas as decisões que definem o funcionamento do sistema. As análises realizadas nesta dissertação demonstraram que este desenho institucional de tomada de decisões é fundamental para a legitimação do sistema, e é em grande parte responsável por manter o apoio dos diversos setores. Ao compartilharem as decisões, prevalece um ambiente de confiança e cooperação entre os atores, que resulta em uma percepção de co-responsabilidade sobre a configuração do sistema. Esta situação não apresenta nenhum sinal de estabilidade, pelo contrário, é através das freqüentes contestações por parte dos atores que a legitimidade do sistema se reafirma periodicamente nos resultados obtidos nas Assembléias Gerais. Os resultados desta dissertação contribuem para o entendimento dos novos mecanismos de governança, onde a sociedade civil passa a ter um papel fundamental no enfrentamento dos grandes desafios globais.<br>The FSC forest certification system, which institutional goal is to reduce the negative impacts of predatory use of forests, is a mechanism created and managed by civil society actors. Without the governmental power to regulate the behavior of the private sector, the FSC has defined social and environmental standards that are followed by thousands of companies in hundreds of countries, representing around 20% of the world productive forest area. Currently FSC has the support of the major environmentalist organizations, social movements and private companies in the world. The central objective of this dissertation is to study the internal FSC mechanisms, applied to maintain the support of this dense network of organizations, each of those with its specific and most of the time opposed interests, able to be, at the same time, an opportunity of benefits for private companies, and a strategy to reduce the social and environmental impacts of harvesting activities for the civil society organizations. In order to achieve this, the FSC institutional design and decision making process were assessed, through an analysis of two FSC General Assemblies (2005 and 2008). The study has evaluated the results of the decisions that were taken by the FSC members in these two occasions, and the negotiation processes between the different stakeholders that were in place for the approval of such decisions. The FSC General Assembly configures a real negotiation arena, where private companies, environmentalists and social organizations have equal voting power in all decisions that affect the functioning of the system. The analyses demonstrates that the institutional design that defines the decision making process in FSC is crucial for the legitimacy of the system, and is in great part responsible to maintain the support of such diverse stakeholders group. Once the decisions are taken collectively, there´s a prevailing environment of trust and cooperation among stakeholders, resulting in a perception of co-responsibility over the general configuration of the system. This is far away from a stable situation, but rather it´s due to the frequent conflicts among stakeholders that the system´s legitimacy is periodically reaffirmed in the FSC General Assemblies. The result of this dissertation is a contribution for the general understanding of the new governance mechanisms, where civil society plays a fundamental role in addressing the major global challenges.
2
MARQUES, Carla Regina Silva. "Exploração florestal certificada no cerrado: o crédito rural como mecanismo de fomento, controle e fiscalização." Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2010. http://repositorio.bc.ufg.br/tede/handle/tde/1484.
Full textAbstract:
Made available in DSpace on 2014-07-29T15:25:09Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1
Carla Marques.pdf: 2223795 bytes, checksum: 7eed0ea17c9b0259f2f030a7baeabe3b (MD5)
Previous issue date: 2010-04-26<br>This search focuses on the Exploration of Wood in savanna, for certification, which aims to certify the origin of the product within the standards of sustainability. For this, some national and international methods have been decribed, as well as a brief description about the history and classification of Forest Certification. Secondly, the Rural Credit was exploited in its legal nuances and their applicability to logging. Finally, it was showed the possibility of logging in Savannah, in a sustainable way, when it was identified the main characteristics of this biome. In the end, it was concuded by the possibility of histype of agriculture activity in Savanna, to wich it can be used several lines of financing offered by financial institutions. From the legal point of view, highlighted the bias developer of Agricultural Law, in contrast to the bias sanctions Environmental Law.<br>A exploração de madeira no cerrado, para fins de certificação, deve atestar a origem do produto dentro de padrões de sustentabilidade. Para esta análise foram abordados alguns métodos nacionais e internacionais de Certificação Florestal, bem como uma descrição sucinta sobre o histórico e a classificação deste instituto. Num segundo momento, foi explorado o Crédito Rural, nas suas nuances legais e de sua aplicabilidade vinculada à exploração de madeira. Por fim, destacou-se a possibilidade de extração de madeira no Cerrado, de forma sustentável, quando foram identificadas as principais características desse bioma. Ao final, concluiu-se pela viabilidade desse tipo de atividade agrária no Cerrado, para a qual é possível utilizar diversas linhas de financiamento oferecidas por instituições financeiras. Sob o ponto de vista jurídico, destacou-se o viés fomentador do Direito Agrário, em contraposição ao viés sancionatório do Direito Ambiental.
Book chapters on the topic "1. forest certification"
1
Struwe, Jörn, and Thorsten Specht. "Introduction to Forest Certification Schemes." In Tropical Forestry Handbook. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-41554-8_237-1.
Full text
2
Upton, Christopher, and Stephen Bass. "Introduction." In The Forest Certification Handbook. CRC Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9780429332067-1.
Full text
3
Bettinger, Pete, Kevin Boston, Jacek P. Siry, and Donald L. Grebner. "Forest Certification and Carbon Sequestration." In Forest Management and Planning. Elsevier, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-12-809476-1.00015-1.
Full text
4
Tosoni, Luca. "Article 93 Committee procedure." In The EU General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR). Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198826491.003.0141.
Full textAbstract:
Article 28(7) (Standard contractual clauses); Article 40(9) (Codes of conduct); Article 43(9) (Certification mechanisms); Article 45(3) and (5) (Adequacy decisions); Article 46(2)(c)–(d) (Standard data protection clauses); Article 47(3) (Binding corporate rules); Article 61(9) (Format and procedures for mutual assistance); Article 67 (Exchange of information); Article 70(1) and (3) (Tasks of the Board); and Article 92 (Exercise of the delegation).
5
Deville, Jaime G., Amira N. Baker, and Antonio C. Arrieta. "Infectious Diseases." In General Pediatrics Board Review. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190848712.003.0008.
Full textAbstract:
This chapter on pediatric infectious diseases first presents patient scenarios, followed by a question-and-answer format to provide active learning to emphasize key points regarding clinically relevant topics, which are also covered in the American Board of Pediatrics Content Outline for certification exams. The topics addressed in this chapter range from common infectious processes encountered by pediatricians to more unusual, but important, conditions. Specific topics include infections in immunocompromised hosts, sepsis, central nervous system infections, respiratory infections, gastrointestinal infections, hepatitis, bone and joint infections, regional mycoses, parasites, sexually transmitted infections, infections in neonates, management of antimicrobial agents, pediatric HIV-1, and immunizations.
6
Denis-Smith, John. "Standard Forms of Contract and Bespoke Contracts." In Wilmot-Smith on Construction Contracts. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198832805.003.0002.
Full textAbstract:
This chapter focuses on the United Kingdom’s (UK) most substantial building contracts that were let under standard forms of contract, such as the RIBA JCT forms, the standard forms issued by the Institution of Civil Engineers, and the government contract (GC/Works/1). It explains how the forms adopted a similar format for the execution and management of the works wherein the employer’s agent was responsible for the design and the administration of the contract terms. It also describes the certification of interim payments to the contractor as the works progressed, certifying extensions of time, completion, and the date the works ought to have been completed.
7
Yadav, Anshu. "An Investigation of the Relationship Between Employee Perception of Corporate Citizenship Behaviour and Organisational Sustainability." In Examining the Intersection of Circular Economy, Forestry, and International Trade. IGI Global, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-4990-2.ch013.
Full textAbstract:
Corporate greening practices such as measures to reduce pollution emission, management of waste, use of green technologies, sustainable reporting, consuming removable energy sources, implementation of ISO environment management certification, auditing, etc. are required for sustainability. A lot of studies of stakeholder perceptions of corporate responses towards societal concerns are mostly from the point of view of marketing, existing or prospective customers, and industry at a large, but the employee's aspects is most neglected. This chapter investigates the employee's perception of corporate citizenship (CC) and organisational sustainability and also the interrelationship of these variables.
8
Bromer, Billi L. "Online Educator Preparation That Meets the Needs of Today's Early Childhood Professionals." In Handbook of Research on Empowering Early Childhood Educators With Technology. IGI Global, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-6888-0.ch005.
Full textAbstract:
Online educator preparation can provide a useful format for the many early childhood professionals seeking to attain teacher licensure requiring a four-year college degree. Many candidates are adult students who need the flexibility that online courses can provide. The program in which the author teaches has demonstrated that an accredited and fully online early childhood undergraduate teacher education program leading to certification can be an effective way to prepare candidates. Early childhood teacher candidates who obtain a degree online attain competence in technology that enables them to better manage virtual instruction for their students.
9
Kapoor, Namita, Sangeeta Jauhari, and Deepti Maheshwari. "Policies for Promoting the Circular Economy in India." In Examining the Intersection of Circular Economy, Forestry, and International Trade. IGI Global, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-4990-2.ch006.
Full textAbstract:
The demand for resources is increasing in India because of growth, changing lifestyles, and aspirations of people for improving lifestyles, but the major challenge for the economy is to provide these economically without hampering the ecology and society negatively. The negation of externalities resulting from the use of resources is the major challenge for the policymakers along with providing balanced developmental avenues to the society. The framework to achieve efficiency in resource use can be appropriately designed through innovative ways and policies. The Indian economy over the last few years has clearly moved to controlled regulation from command through the practice of economic instruments for regulations. The policy adopted by India to achieve circularity includes the financial support and guidance for research and development, formulation of standards like ECOMARKS, public procurements, and certification and self-regulation, which are discussed in the chapter.
10
Kille, Tarryn, Paul R. Bates, Seung Young Lee, and David Murray Kille. "The Future for Civilian UAV Operations." In Unmanned Aerial Vehicles in Civilian Logistics and Supply Chain Management. IGI Global, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-7900-7.ch010.
Full textAbstract:
The future looks bright for unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs). Their ability to carry sophisticated imaging equipment attached to lightweight vehicles, to hover in position despite incremental weather conditions, to fly simple missions, and takeoff and land automatically, combined with their comparatively (compared to manned aircraft) lower investment and operational costs has driven a paradigm shift in the history of air transport. This chapter is organized around six themes that underscore the current discourse regarding the future of UAVs in civilian commercial operations, as well as highlighting the discussions of the previous chapters regarding policy and certification, technology, training, social and economic forces, air cargo, and the effect of UAVs on other sectors of the air transport industry.
Conference papers on the topic "1. forest certification"
1
ČESONIENĖ, Laima, Daiva ŠILEIKIENĖ, and Laura EIGIRDAITĖ. "CHANGE OF ECOLOGIC FARM AREAS AND CULTIVATED CULTURES WITHIN THE TERRITORY OF LITHUANIA IN 2010–2014." In Rural Development 2015. Aleksandras Stulginskis University, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.15544/rd.2015.075.
Full textAbstract:
Research objective is to evaluate the change of ecological farm areas and cultivated cultures within the territory of Lithuania within the period from 2010 to 2014. In 2010–2014 the data from certification institutions (databases) were used for the purpose of evaluation of change of ecological farm areas, which provide all ecological farm areas declared and certified in Lithuania within the whole reported period and agricultural plants cultivated on the areas within the set period. ArcGIS software was used for demonstration of layout of ecological farm areas within the territory of Lithuania. It was established that the major areas of ecological farms analysed within the period were located in the North-East of Lithuania, less areas in the Northern and Southern parts of middle Lithuania. During the whole period the major planted acreage of the ecological farms was taken by meadows, pastures, perennial grass; these cultures annually made almost a half of the declared planted acreage. Less declared planted acreage of the ecological farms within the research period was taken by root plants and vegetables; area planted with the cultures usually made 1 per cent from all declared planted acreage of the ecological farms. Strong correlation exists between the areas of ecological farms and pastures (r = 0.70, when p = 0.0001), complex agriculture (r = 0.76, when p = 0.0001), transition forest stage and bushes (r = 0.85, when p = 0,0001), broad-leaved forests (r = 0.84, when p = 0.0001), needle-leaved forests (r = 0.72, when p = 0.0001) and mixed forests (r = 0.84, when p = 0.0001). Weak correlation exists between ecological farm area and agricultural areas with natural plant insertions (r = 0.47, when p = 0.0001).
2
Brown, Warren. "Background on the New ASME PCC-1-2010 Appendix A “Training, Qualification and Certification of Joint Assembly Personnel”." In ASME 2010 Pressure Vessels and Piping Division/K-PVP Conference. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2010-25769.
Full textAbstract:
A revised ASME PCC-1 “Guidelines for Pressure Boundary Bolted Joint Assembly” has recently been published which includes several extensively revised appendices. Among those is Appendix A “Training, Qualification and Certification of Joint Assembly Personnel”, which outlines a training, assessment and certification system for ensuring a minimum level of knowledge for bolted joint assemblers. This paper outlines the background as to why the appendix was written, with commentary on the need and the intended program format.
3
Tarvin, Larry G. "Third Party Certification of CCPP Personnel Raises the Level of Training Provided." In ASME 2005 Power Conference. ASMEDC, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pwr2005-50222.
Full textAbstract:
Training of combustion turbine combined cycle and simple cycle power plant personnel has for the most part been shown to be lacking for the following: 1.) Personnel attending EPC/OEM training have not received sufficient preliminary training to be able to fully utilize the higher-level unit specifics. 2.) The training does not address the unit specific job tasks. 3.) Training objectives do not relate to the unit specific job tasks. 4.) The unit specific training (OJT) is left up to the “Start-up” engineers who are deeply involved commissioning of the plant equipment. Therefore training of the operator ends up mostly consisting of learning by osmosis. Independent Third Party Certification or licensing of combined cycle power plant personnel forces the training to be upgraded to include unit specific job tasks and OJT documentation.
4
Nidd, P. G., W. L. Stewart, and M. P. Winspear. "Pipeline Integrity Assessment and Rehabilitation Personnel Training and Certification." In 1998 2nd International Pipeline Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ipc1998-2021.
Full textAbstract:
AEC Pipelines Ltd operates approximately 2500 km of pipeline within Canada and the United States. The AEC Pipelines Ltd. “Pipeline Integrity Group” has responsibility for monitoring and ensuring the continuing safety and reliability of the AEC Pipelines Ltd. pipeline system network within Canada and the U.S. In carrying out this mandate, the Integrity Group is required to develop and manage large scale pipeline rehabilitation programs involving the assessment and repair of a variety of pipeline defects, including external corrosion and stress corrosion cracking (SCC). One such rehabilitation program involves the 435-km length Alberta Oil Sands Pipeline (AOSPL) that transports Synthetic Crude product from the Syncrude Plant located at Fort McMurray to Edmonton, Alberta. This AOSPL pipeline is of spiral weld construction, the pipe joints are externally coated with extruded polyethylene (Shaw YJ1), and the girth welds are externally coated with polyethylene tape wrap. Pipeline outside diameter is 559 mm, nominal wall thickness is 5.16 mm (Gr. 359 and Gr. 414) and heavy wall pipe thickness is 6.35 mm or 7.92 mm (Gr. 359 or Gr. 414). The pipeline, constructed in 1978, exhibits extensive corrosion and minor SCC at the girth weld locations due to tape wrap coating disbondment and resultant cathodic protection shielding. The four hundred and thirty five (435) km length of pipeline has been excavated and repaired at approximately twenty six hundred (2600) girth weld locations since 1986 including approximately eleven hundred (1100) sites during the last two years. Major sections of this pipeline may be accessed and excavated only during the winter months. Several crews adhering to an intense work schedule must be utilized in order to complete the necessary number of pipeline repairs within such a short time frame. The employment of a large number of technical specialists for short duration dictates that contract personnel must be utilized within key project supervisory positions. In 1996, in order to ensure a continuity of critical contract personnel and reduce third party costs, AEC Pipelines Ltd. initiated the formation of a three-year Integrity Alliance involving all of the major contractors working on the AOSPL rehabilitation program. The formation of this Integrity Alliance has resulted in significant program cost reductions and has promoted a “team” approach to rehabilitation projects. In order to minimize the risk of injury to pipeline rehabilitation project personnel and to provide standards for quality control, the AEC Pipelines Ltd. Integrity Group, in concert with the Integrity Alliance, developed the “The Pipeline Integrity Group Rehabilitation Training and Certification Program”. The program applies to both on-site personnel and visitors and comprises the following individual training and certification approaches: 1. Pipeline Integrity Group Rehabilitation Program Risk Assessment and Safety Guidelines. 2. Pipeline Integrity Group Rehabilitation Training and Certification Program for NDE Personnel. 3. Pipeline Integrity Group Rehabilitation Training and Certification Program for Clock Spring™ Sleeve Applicators. 4. Pipeline Integrity Group Rehabilitation Training and Certification Program for Alberta One Call Response and Field Representation. These quality control certification and safety training programs are in addition to the many Integrity Alliance specifications that have been developed as a guideline for carrying out critical activities on the pipeline; i.e. pipeline excavation, pipeline re-coating and pipeline grind removal of SCC.
5
Howard, Samuel A., Jeremiah T. Hammer, Kelly S. Carney, and J. Michael Pereira. "Jet Engine Bird Ingestion Simulations: Comparison of Rotating to Non-Rotating Fan Blades." In ASME Turbo Expo 2013: Turbine Technical Conference and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2013-95998.
Full textAbstract:
Bird strike events in commercial airliners are a fairly common occurrence. According to data collected by the US Department of Agriculture, over 80,000 bird strikes were reported in the period 1990–2007 in the US alone [1]. As a result, bird ingestion is an important factor in aero engine design and FAA certification. When it comes to bird impacts on engine fan blades, the FAA requires full-scale bird ingestion tests on an engine running at full speed to pass certification requirements. These rotating tests are complex and very expensive. To reduce development costs associated with new materials for fan blades, it is desirable to develop more cost effective testing procedures than full-scale rotating engine tests for material evaluation. An impact test on a non-rotating single blade that captures most of the salient physics of the rotating test would go a long way towards enabling large numbers of evaluative material screening tests. NASA Glenn Research Center has been working to identify a static blade test procedure that would be effective at reproducing similar results as seen in rotating tests. The current effort compares analytical simulations of a bird strike on various non-rotating blades to a bird strike simulation on a rotating blade as a baseline case. Several different concepts for simulating the rotating loads on a non-rotating blade were analyzed with little success in duplicating the deformation results seen in the rotating case. The rotating blade behaves as if it were stiffer than the non-rotating blade resulting in less plastic deformation from a given bird impact. The key factor limiting the success of the non-rotating blade simulations is thought to be the effect of gyroscopics. Prior to this effort, it was anticipated the difficulty would be in matching the pre-stress in the blade due to centrifugal forces Additional work is needed to verify this assertion, and to determine if a static test procedure can simulate the gyroscopic effects in a suitable manner. This paper describes the various non-rotating concepts analyzed, and demonstrates the effect believed to be gyroscopic in nature on the results.
6
Harrop, Grenville, and Bill P. Poirier. "Construction of Westinghouse AP1000™ Nuclear Power Plants in China." In 18th International Conference on Nuclear Engineering. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icone18-30077.
Full textAbstract:
In July 2007, China entered a new era of sustainable, safe, and ecologically sound energy development by committing to build four AP1000™ units to be constructed in pairs at the coastal sites of Sanmen (Zhejiang Province) and Haiyang (Shandong Province). Both sites have the planned ability to accommodate at least six AP1000 units. The Westinghouse AP1000 is the only Generation III+ reactor to receive design certification from the U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC). With a design that is based on the proven performance of Westinghouse-designed pressurized water reactors (PWRs), the AP1000 is an advanced 1100 megawatt (MW) plant that uses the forces of nature and simplicity of design to enhance plant safety and operations. Excavation commenced for the first of four China AP1000 units in February 2008, and placement of the basemat concrete for Sanmen Unit 1 was completed on schedule in March 2009. This was soon followed by the placement of the first major structural module; the auxiliary building. As part of localization and the Peoples Republic of China (PRC) desire for self-reliance, a China-based module factory is constructing the major modules and manufacturing the containment vessel plates. The fabrication and welding of the containment vessel bottom head for Sanmen Unit 1 is now complete. The 2010 milestones for Sanmen Unit 1 include the setting of major modules such as the reactor vessel cavity, the steam generator, and refueling canal modules, plus containment vessel rings 1, 2, 3, and 4. All major equipment orders have been placed and the first deliveries are beginning to arrive. The technology transfer is also well underway. The Haiyang Unit 1 basemat was placed on schedule in September 2009 and Sanmen Unit 2 Nuclear Island (NI) concrete basemat placement was completed a month earlier than the milestone date of January 2010. Sanmen Unit 1 will be fully operational in November 2013 followed by Haiyang Unit 1 in May 2014. Operational dates for Sanmen Unit 2 and Haiyang Unit 2 are September 2014 and March 2015, respectively. As one of the world’s largest consumers of energy, China’s path in achieving sustainable energy has profound global economic and environmental consequences. The contract with the Westinghouse and Shaw Consortium for four AP1000 units is the largest of its type between the People’s Republic of China and the United States.
7
Couto, Diogo Manuel, Maria Margarida Gonçalves, Joana Carvalho, et al. "Combustion of Biomass Based Pellets With Pyrolysis Bio-Oils." In ASME 2019 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2019-11593.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract Due to increased energy demands and environmental concerns, biomass has become an increasingly attractive primary source in the energy mix. It can be used as heat supply to both domestic and industrial sectors, but also as fuel in dedicated or co-generation-based power plants and it is also considered CO2 neutral. Amongst the most widely used formats, wood pellets are very attractive because of their standardized properties which makes them efficient over a wide range of applications. In Portugal alone, over 1 million tons a year are produced. However, due to their attractiveness, the pressure on traditional raw materials for their fabrication (saw dust) has driven the cost upwards and induced bottlenecks upstream in the supply chain. One way to expand the range of raw materials is to combine a biomass based matrix with alien materials into the same pellet format. In this way one can also find alternative uses for other materials which, some of them wastes, are often dumped into landfills. Such an approach has been pursued into combining industrial wastes with biomass in pellets. This project concerns the evaluation of the combustion behavior of saw dust based pellets fortified with pyrolysis bio-oils produced from waste vegetable oils. The bio-oil is an organic liquid obtained by pyrolysis of used vegetable sunflower oil, at 420 °C and 10 min. The pellets were manufactured with pine saw dust with bio-oil incorporation up to 5% in mass. The resulting pellets were fully characterized for their properties, including the heating value, which increased when compared with standard saw dust pellets. These pellets were afterward tested in a fully instrumented 20 kW fixed grate combustion facility. The flue gases were analyzed and the resulting ashes were tested for their chemical composition in order to assess their ability to melt during combustion. The results show that this route can be beneficial in terms of exhaust emissions, including promoting the reduction of NOx during combustion. However, the physical characteristics of the pellets have some restrictions, since they do not meet minimum requirements for its certification ENplus level of density, mechanical durability and fines content.
8
Paboeuf, Stéphane, Pascal Yen Kai Sun, Laura-Mae Macadré, and Gaël Malgorn. "Power Performance Assessment of the Tidal Turbine Sabella D10 Following IEC62600-200." In ASME 2016 35th International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2016-54836.
Full textAbstract:
Recently, the tidal turbine Sabella D10 has been installed in the Fromveur Passage, off Ushant Island, in France. Sabella D10 is a 1 MW tidal turbine fully submerged and laid on the seabed with a horizontal axis and 6 blades. It is the first French tidal turbine producing electricity and connected to the electrical network. As tidal turbines are emerging technologies, the demonstration of the power performance in real conditions is vital for designers. Currently, few full scale prototypes have been tested at sea and even less have been integrated into the electricity grid. Due to this context, the standard IEC62600-200 Electricity producing tidal energy converter - power performance assessment has been applied only on a limited number of turbines and, as a consequence, industrials have a limited feedback on the use of the IEC62600-200. The aim of this paper is to detail the IEC62600-200 requirements for the power performance assessment, and the application case on the tidal turbine Sabella D10. The technical specification IEC62600-200 was issued in 2013 and describes the procedure for the power performance assessment of the tidal converters. This technical specification gives requirements for the site and test conditions, the measurement procedures and their exploitation to obtain the power curves. Finally, the reporting format of the results, is detailed to provide a complete document to the certification body. In the framework of the project Sabella D10, funded by ADEME, the power curves of the tidal turbine prototype D10 of Sabella have been established in cooperation with Sabella and Bureau Veritas according to IEC62600-200. They worked together for the interpretation of the technical specification, the exploitation of the measurements and the presentation of the results. The global procedure of IEC has been followed however some adaptations have been made to take into account the Sabella D10 specifics and site characteristics. Indeed, the Sabella D10 project started before the IEC62600-200 publication and some requirements have not been anticipated at the beginning of the project. The first objective of this analysis is to challenge the IEC methodology with an analysis of a real set of production data and to demonstrate the applicability of the technical specification. Additionally, the assumptions and the deviation with the IEC will be presented and some improvements of the standard will be proposed in conclusion.
9
Ford, David A., Keith P. L. Fullagar, Harry K. Bhangu, et al. "Improved Performance Rhenium Containing Single Crystal Alloy Turbine Blades Utilising PPM Levels of the Highly Reactive Elements Lanthanum and Yttrium." In ASME 1998 International Gas Turbine and Aeroengine Congress and Exhibition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/98-gt-371.
Full textAbstract:
Turbine inlet temperatures have now approached 1650°C (3000°F) at maximum power for the latest large commercial turbofan engines, resulting in high fuel efficiency and thrust levels approaching or exceeding 445 kN (100,000 lbs.). High reliability and durability must be intrinsically designed into these turbine engines to meet operating economic targets and ETOPS certification requirements. This level of performance has been brought about by a combination of advances in air cooling for turbine blades and vanes, computerized design technology for stresses and airflow and the development and application of rhenium (Re) containing, high γ′ volume fraction nickel-base single crystal superalloys, with advanced coatings, including prime-reliant ceramic thermal barrier coatings (TBCs). Re additions to cast airfoil superalloys not only improve creep and thermo-mechanical fatigue strength but also environmental properties, including coating performance. Re slows down diffusion in these alloys at high operating temperatures.(1) At high gas temperatures, several issues are critical to turbine engine performance retention, blade life and integrity. These are tip oxidation in particular for shroudless blades, internal oxidation for lightly cooled turbine blades and TBC adherence to both the airfoil and tip seal liner. It is now known that sulfur (S) at levels < 10 ppm but > 0.2 ppm in these alloys reduces the adherence of α alumina protective scales on these materials or their coatings by weakening the Van der Waal’s bond between the scale and the alloy substrate. A team approach has been used to develop an improvement to CMSX-4® alloy which contains 3% Re, by reducing S and phosphorus (P) levels in the alloy to < 2 ppm, combined with residual additions of lanthanum (La) + yttrium (Y) in the range 10–30 ppm. Results from cyclic, burner rig dynamic oxidation testing at 1093°C (2000°F) show thirteen times the number of cycles to initial alumina scale spallation for CMSX-4 [La + Y] compared to standard CMSX-4. A key factor for application acceptance is of course manufacturing cost. The development of improved low reactivity prime coats for the blade shell molds along with a viable, tight dimensional control yttrium oxide core body are discussed. The target is to attain grain yields of single crystal CMSX-4 (ULS) [La + Y] turbine blades and casting cleanliness approaching standard CMSX-4. The low residual levels of La + Y along with a sophisticated homogenisation/solutioning heat treatment procedure result in full solutioning with essentially no residual γ/γ′ eutectic phase, Ni (La, Y) low melting point eutectics and associated incipient melting pores. Thus, full CMSX-4 mechanical properties are attained. The La assists with ppm chemistry control of the Y throughout the single crystal turbine blade castings through the formation of a continuous lanthanum oxide film between the molten and solidifying alloy and the ceramic core and prime coat of the shell mold. Y and La tie up the < 2 ppm but > 0.2 ppm residual S in the alloy as very stable Y and La sulfides and oxysulfides, thus preventing diffusion of the S atoms to the alumina scale layer under high temperature, cyclic oxidising conditions. La also forms a stable phosphide. CMSX-4 (ULS) [La + Y] HP shroudless turbine blades will commence engine testing in May 1998.