Dissertations / Theses: '+1-route'

1

Kraus, Helmut. "A second-generation route to spongistatins 1 and 2." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2010. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.608702.

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2

Alhadj, Ali Mohammad. "Optimising the dermal administration route of antigen-specific immunotherapy for type 1 diabetes." Thesis, University of Bristol, 2014. https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.768196.

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3

Tulum, Kamil. "Route Planning For Unmanned Air Vehicles." Master's thesis, METU, 2009. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/2/12611030/index.pdf.

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In this thesis, automatic routing technologies for unmanned air vehicles are investigated. A route planner that minimizes the fuel consumption and maximizes the survivability is developed. While planning the route, using more than one objective entails the auto-routing problem to multi-objective optimization considerations. In this work, these considerations are handled with search algorithms. In order to assess the route options, a fuel consumption model and a survivability model are utilized for the route planner. As the assessment models are established, required computational time is taken into account without deteriorating the fidelity.

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4

Whigham, Brian. "Studies of a new synthetic route to 3H-indol-3-one 1-N-oxides (isatogens)." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 1987. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.663764.

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This thesis is concerned with the investigation of the novel acetic acid-catalysed cyclisation of 1-substituted 2-halogeno-2- (2-nitroaryl)ethanones as a general route to 2-substituted 3//-indol-3-one l-N-oxides (isatogens), a relatively inaccessible class of indole derivatives. The discussion of the results obtained in this investigation is preceded by a survey of the relatively few literature methods for the synthesis of isatogens and also of their chemical reactivity and their biological activity. As a preliminary to the investigation of the scope of the acid- catalysed cyclisation of l-aryl-2-halogeno-2-(2- nitroaryl)ethanones to 2-arylisatogens, methods for the synthesis of the key l-aryl-2-(2-nitroaryl)ethanone starting-material were evaluated. Successful methods employed included, Friedal-Crafts reactions of arenes with 2-nitroarylacetyl chlorides and the triethylamine-catalysed arylation of l-(/VVV- dimethylamino)-2-(2-nitroaryl)ethenes. The former method was found to be more limited than the latter for the synthesis of 1- aryl-2-(2-nitroaryl)ethanones. Bromina-tion of the latter compounds with bromine in 1,2-dimethyoxyethane at room temperature provides a general method for the synthesis of 1- aryl-2-bromo-2-(2-nitroaryl)ethanones. Heating these compounds in glacial acetic acid affords high yields of readily separated mixtures of the corresponding 2-aryl-isatogens and their 5-bromo derivatives. Formation of the latter compounds is largely suppressed when cyclisation is carried out in the presence of hydroquinone. The attempted acid-catalysed cyclisation of ethyl 3-bromo-3-(2-nitrophenyl)-2-oxopropanoate to 2-ethoxycarbonyl isatogen was prevented by difficulties encounted in the synthesis of the bromo-ketoester starting-material.

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5

Pollans, Lily Baum. "Case studies on Route 1 : how the perceived identity of local commercial strips affects zoning." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/33054.

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Thesis (M.C.P.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Urban Studies and Planning, 2005.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 69-74).
Designers, planners, and new urbanists have often argued that highway strips, replete with big box retail and countless strip malls, are essentially placeless. It has also been argued that generic local zoning is largely to blame for existence and persistence of strips. While there may be some truth to these claims, every strip exists within a city, or town, or municipality, and has a unique relationship with that place. This thesis explores Route 1 through Dedham, Saugus and Peabody, MA to highlight that far from being interchangeable landscapes, the Route 1 strip varies from town to town, bearing distinctive marks of each town's approach to controlling it. These cases illustrate that a key variable in how heavily towns will rely on zoning to shape and control strip development is whether or not they view their strip as part of the town rather than as an outside entity. This thesis argues that, while it is true that variation between strip landscapes stems from zoning, the strip formula is not that simple: the way in which the towns write and implement their code derives from the perceived identity of each Route 1 strip, ultimately affecting the appearance of that strip.
by Lily Baum Pollans.
M.C.P.

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6

Chen, Edwin 1975. "Oxidative stress induces up-regulation of elongation factor-1 alpha (EF-1ℓ) en route to apoptosis." Thesis, McGill University, 2000. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=30354.

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During myocardial infarction, significant myocardial cell loss occurs in a process termed "post-ischemic reperfusion injury", a two-step process where the myocardium first undergoes temporary conditions of ischemia caused by an occlusion of blood flow, followed by the re-establishment of blood flow to the previously hypoxic myocardium. It is believed that the excessive production of reactive oxygen intermediates, such as free radicals and pro-oxidants, during the reperfusion process is a major contributing factor to the observed cell death. In the present study, we sought to investigate the role of the prooxidant, hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), in triggering apoptosis in H9c2(2-1) cells, a clonogenic cell line derived from embryonic rat heart ventricles. We demonstrate that there is a rapid up-regulation of elongation factor alpha1 alpha (EF-1alpha) en route to apoptosis initiated by an oxidative insult in vitro and in vivo, and that this phenomenon may be a necessary early event in the induction of apoptosis. (Abstract shortened by UMI.)

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7

Chen, Edwin. "Oxidative stress induces up-regulation of elongation factor-1 alpha (EF-1Ã) en route to apoptosis." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2000. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape2/PQDD_0033/MQ64330.pdf.

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8

Boogaerts, Ine Ida Françoise. "Novel catalysts for the hydroxymethylation of allyl alcohol : a convenient synthetic route to 1, 4-butanediol." Thesis, University of St Andrews, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10023/959.

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Hydroxymethylation catalysis provides a valuable strategy for the high volume production of alcohols from α-alkenes. Generally this involves a hydroformylation-hydrogenation sequence, but the capacity to optimise selectivity for each transformation is limited. Condensation reactions between aldehyde products and alcohol products frustrate process economics. By an alternative scheme, all relevant bond-forming reactions occur in a single mechanism. This thesis describes several approaches to catalyst development and the application of derived systems for the hydroxymethylation of allyl alcohol. A review of auto-tandem hydroxymethylation and domino hydroxymethylation is presented in Chapter 1. In Chapter 2 the synthesis of bis-(diethylphosphine) ligands based on a modular series of chiral alicyclic scaffolds is described. High pressure NMR studies have shown that the catalytically active complex [RhH(CO)₂(L-L)] adopts preferentially ea geometry, with [Rh(CO)(L-L)(μ-CO)]₂ as the primary competing species. Catalyst performance can be correlated with the flexibility of the chelating ring; this favoured a high monomer/dimer ratio which enhances activity, but could not rigidify the configuration of the diethylphosphine groups which inhibits linear selectivity. Deuterium labelling studies were suggestive of a domino hydroxymethylation scheme. From the rhodium-hydroxyalkyl-hydride-carbonyl cation, a reductive elimination furnishes the diol derivatives and a β-hydride abstraction furnishes the hydroxyaldehyde derivatives. Up to 53 mol% selectivity to 1, 4-butanediol was attained. The catalysts could be recycled via biphasic separation, however poisoning by methacrolein caused a decline of activity upon reuse of the solution. An investigation of enhanced specific activity via the meta-effect is the subject of Chapter 3. The effect of systematic meta-substitution in triphenylphosphine upon physicochemical properties was investigated by IR spectroscopy and electrochemistry, both of which showed no significant structural impact on the uncoordinated triarylphosphine. Variable temperature ¹H NMR studies however revealed a change in the solution dynamics of the corresponding Vaska complex. The activation barrier to phosphorus-(ipso)carbon rotation increases as a function of meta-substitution, with rotation of substituted aryl rings past each other being more strained. This should create a well-defined coordination sphere around rhodium, and is proposed to account for the high linear selectivity observed in the hydroformylation of allylic alcohols with [RhH(CO){(3, 5-Me₂Ph)P}₃]. Linear-selectivity reached 96 mol%. Catalyst recycling was executed via biphasic separation, retaining on over twelve cycles an average of ~ 94 % efficiency. The kinetics of allyl alcohol hydroformylation with [RhH(CO){(3, 5-Me₂Ph)P}₃] was found to be well represented by Equation 11 (Section 3.6) A detailed analysis of how substrate-specific the influence of the meta-effect remains to be performed. In Chapter 4 domino hydroxymethylation by multi-component L-L/PEt3/Rh systems is described. The regioselective performance of a diphosphine rhodium catalyst in hydroformylation was translated for hydroxymethylation upon introduction of triethylphosphine at a L-L/PEt3 molar ratio ≥ 1. The highest observed selectivity to 1, 4-butanediol was 66 mol%. Competitive activity of triethylphosphine-modified rhodium species presumably accounts for the reduced linear selectivity observed when L-L/PEt3 molar ratio < 1. Despite aggravated catalyst decomposition at higher triethylphosphine concentrations, heterogeneous hydrogenation does not appear to take place. Deuterium labelling studies also discount a sequential homogeneous hydrogenation. There is evidence for the activation of a tris-phosphine-modified rhodium-acyl-carbonyl complex, but such a species could not be isolated from complexation reactions with a variety of precursors. It would be of interest to determine alternative promotors and to establish whether it is preferential to employ a high concentration of mildly acidic species or a low concentration of highly acidic species. The self-assembly of DNA base pair analogues 2-N-pivaloylaminopyridyl phosphine and isoquinolyl phosphine, each modified with diphenylphosphine, diethylphosphine, dicyclohexylphosphine and bis(3, 5-dimethylphenyl)phosphine, is described in Chapter 5. In the presence of a rhodium precursor, exclusive formation of the heteroleptic complex was observed. Although the intramolecular hydrogen-bonding network is sensitive to temperature and free hydroxyl functionalities, highly regioselective catalysts were generally afforded under the appropriate operating conditions. Only the catalyst based on the bis(dicyclohexylphosphine)-heterodimer performed poorly, presumably due to the formation of mono-phosphine complexes. High chemoselectivity was correlated with the heterodimer acidity constant, however this is rendered non-linear by a trans influence when electronic distinction between the platforms is high. Overall, complexes based on the assembly of a dicyclohexylphosphine platform and a bis(3, 5-dimethylphenyl)phosphine platform were found to be optimal; up to 73 mol% selectivity to 1, 4-butanediol was reached. It has been demonstrated in this thesis that in order to effect linear-selective domino hydroxymethylation of allyl alcohol, two distinct transition state structures must be optimised. High regioselectivity demands an asymmetric rhodium-hydride-dicarbonyl complex, which can be generated by an asymmetric chelate or by rigidifying the configuration of the substituents on phosphorus. Interestingly, chelation geometry in this transition state has little impact on this parameter. It has been shown that domino hydroxymethylation is activated by an electron-rich rhodium-acyl-dicarbonyl. The state of electron density on rhodium can be controlled by the substitution pattern on the phosphorus donors, but can also be changed by the inclusion of a suitable promoter. The chelation geometry in this transition state is more significant; placing the acyl functionality trans to a phosphorus donor concentrates the electronic effect in the rhodium-alkyldiol-hydride-carbonyl cation to such an extent as to impede hydride migration and reductive elimination of the diol, favouring β-hydride abstraction and reductive elimination of the hydroxyaldehyde.

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9

Bazeley, Christopher C. "Route 2 rigid pavement project placement, testing and data analysis of instrumentation on slabs 1 thru 9." Ohio : Ohio University, 1995. http://www.ohiolink.edu/etd/view.cgi?ohiou1179853438.

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10

Peckham, Timothy J. "Ring-opening polymerization of [1]metallocenophanes, a route to organometallic polymeric micelles, ionomeric poly(ferrocenes) and other systems of interest." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1998. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape10/PQDD_0015/NQ53893.pdf.

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11

George, Michael Edward. "Route 2 rigid pavement instrumentation project installation of instruments, testing, and data analysis of slabs 1, 2, 5, and 8." Ohio : Ohio University, 1994. http://www.ohiolink.edu/etd/view.cgi?ohiou1176923715.

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12

Dufour, Claire. "Part 1. Novel route to di- and triquinanes by photocyclization- fragmentation of norbornanes. Part 2. Stereoselective synthesis of (+ -[+ over -])-isocomene /." The Ohio State University, 1993. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1487847761307002.

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13

Karatas, Esra. "The Role Of Cultural Route Planning In Cultural Heritage Conservation The Case Of Central Lycia." Master's thesis, METU, 2011. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12613825/index.pdf.

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The main subject of the thesis is planning &ldquo
cultural routes&rdquo
as a method for conservation of cultural and natural heritage areas at regional scale. Defining a framework of conceptual principles which should be considered in spatial planning of cultural routes and regional networks constitutes the major aim of the thesis. Within the scope of the study, a new developing concept recently, cultural routes are discussed as a tool for sustaining historic and local values of rural and archaeological landscapes. In this respect, the study is structured in two main parts. Firstly, conceptual background on the issue is discussed as the development of cultural route concept, definitions declared by international organizations working on the issue and principles of route planning. Secondly, based on the conceptual research, basic concepts and principles for route planning process is discussed through a case study. The case study for the thesis is selected as the Kas- Kekova region in Antalya, known as the Central Lycia in antiquity. Depending on the assessment of region&rsquo
s cultural landscape, the study is resulted by description of a spatial and conceptual framework for planning of a cultural route network in the region. Through areas rich in cultural and natural heritage, planning routes and networks at regional scale could be used as an effective tool for presenting and sustaining multivalent character of the place, and leading economic sectors which have effect on heritage.

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14

Arévalo, Andressa Ferrari. "Susceptibilidade de hamsters frente à infecção pelo herpesvirus equino tipo 1 causando encefalite e doença respiratória." Universidade de São Paulo, 2015. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/10/10133/tde-07102015-114224/.

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Este trabalho teve por objetivo avaliar as alterações respiratórias e neurológicas resultantes da infecção por via intranasal das diferentes estirpes nacionais do herpesvírus equino tipo 1 (EHV-1) em hamsters comparando sua susceptibilidade com estudos sobre infecção do EHV-1 em camundongos e equinos. Para isso, hamsters sírios machos, três semanas de idade, foram infectados por via intranasal com as estirpes do EHV-1 obtidas a partir de fetos abortados e potro neonato infectados (A4/72, A9/92, A3/97 e Iso/72). Os animais foram pesados e examinados diariamente em busca de sinais clínicos e neurológicos. Conforme os sintomas neurológicos apareceram, grupos de cinco hamsters foram eutanasiados por overdose de isoflurano na primeira etapa do projeto, e, de cetamina/xilazina por via intraperitoneal na segunda etapa. Na necropsia, sistema nervoso central (SNC), pulmão, fígado, baço e timo foram coletados para isolamento viral em cultura de células E-dermal e para análise histopatológica. Na segunda etapa do projeto, a lavagem broncoalveolar (LBA) com 3 ml de PBS por hamsters foi realizada para determinar a resposta inflamatória pulmonar através da contagem total e diferencial de leucócitos. Similar aos experimentos com camundongos, hamsters desafiados com as estirpes virais A4/72 e A9/92 apresentaram manifestações clínicas severas no terceiro dia pós-inoculação (dpi), tais como perda de peso aguda, dispnéia, desidratação, decúbito e morte. Observou-se também sinais neurológicos como hiperexcitabilidade, paralisia, espasmos, perda de propriocepção, andar em círculos e convulsões. Ao contrário dos camundongos, que não desenvolveram a doença; hamsters inoculados com as estirpes virais A3/97 e Iso/72 manifestaram sintomas respiratórios e neurológicos agudos entre quarto e quinto dpi, sendo as alterações respiratórias as mais evidentes, principalmente hemoptise e conjuntivite. O isolamento do vírus a partir do SNC foi positivo em todos os animais infectados; no entanto, todas as amostras de pulmões foram positivas apenas nos grupos infectado pelas estirpes virais A9/92 e A4/72. Todas as estirpes do EHV-1 foram isoladas a partir do baço, no entanto, a partir do timo foram isoladas apenas as estirpes A9/92 e A4/72, e, de fígado somente a estirpe viral Iso/72 não foi isolada. No LBA, a contagem total de leucócitos não demonstrou diferenças de valores significativas entre os grupos experimentais, sendo apenas evidente a presença de eritrócitos, macrófagos e neutrófilos na maioria dos esfregaços dos hamsters infectados. Porém, na contagem diferencial de leucócitos observou-se um aumento significativo de neutrófilo com consequente diminuição significativa de macrófagos nos hamsters infectados pelas estirpes virais A3/97, Iso/72 e A4/72 quando comparados ao grupo controle. Os hamsters infectados pela estirpe viral A9/92 mantiveram valores próximos aos do grupo controle. Ao avaliar microscopicamente o SNC, fígado e pulmão dos hamsters infectados foi observado infiltrado inflamatório, necrose e manguito perivascular em SNC; leucocitose e necrose no parênquima hepático com discreta pericolangite e proliferação de ducto biliar; e em pulmão observou inflamação, necrose, edema e hemorragia em bronquíolos e alvéolos. Concluindo, os resultados apontaram o hamster como a espécie mais susceptível à infecção pelo EHV-1 servindo como um modelo experimental complementar para estudos de doenças respiratória e neurológica provocadas por este agente em equinos
This study aimed to evaluate the respiratory and neurological disorders resulting from intranasal infection with different national strains of equine herpesvirus type 1 (EHV-1) in hamsters comparing their susceptibility to studies about EHV-1 infection in mice and horses. Therefore, male Syrian hamsters, three weeks of age, were infected via intransal with EHV-1 strains obtained from aborted fetuses and neonatal foal infected (A4/72, A9/92, A3/97 and Iso/72). The animals were weighed and examined daily for clinical search and neurological signs. As neurological symptoms appeared five hamsters groups were euthanized by isoflurane overdose in the first stage of the project, and ketamine/xylazine via intraperitoneal in the second stage. At necropsy, central nervous system (CNS), lung, liver, spleen and thymus were collected for virus isolation in E-dermal cell culture and histopathological analysis. In the second stage of the project, bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) with 3 ml of PBS per hamsters was performed to determine the pulmonary inflammatory response through the total and differential leukocyte count. Similar to the experiments with mice, hamsters challenged with viral strains A4/72 and A9/92 had severe clinical manifestations in the third day post-inoculation (dpi), such as acute weight loss, dyspnea, dehydration, recumbency, and death. It was also observed neurological signs such as hyperexcitability, paralysis, spasms, loss of proprioception, circling and convulsions. Unlike mice, which did not develop disease; hamsters inoculated with viral strains A3/97 and Iso/72 showed acute respiratory and neurological symptoms between fourth and fifth dpi, and the most evident respiratory distress was hemoptysis and conjunctivitis. The virus isolation from CNS was positive in all infected animals; however, all lung samples were positive only in groups infected by A9/92 and A4/72 viral strains. All EHV-1 strains were recovered from spleen, however, only A9/92 and A4/72 viral strains were recovered from thymus, but only Iso/72 viral strain was not recovered from liver. BAL total leukocyte count showed no significant differences in values between the experimental groups but the presence of erythrocytes, macrophages and neutrophils were evident in most smears of infected hamsters. However, in the leukocyte differential count it was observed a significant increase in neutrophils with consequent significant reduction of macrophages in hamsters infected by viral strains A3/97, Iso/72 and A9/92 when compared with the control group. Hamsters infected with the A9/92 viral strain maintained values similar to the control group. When evaluating microscopically the CNS, liver and lungs of infected hamsters it was observed inflammatory infiltrate, necrosis and perivascular cuff in CNS; leukocytosis and necrosis in the liver parenchyma with discrete pericholangitis and bile duct proliferation; and inflammation, necrosis, edema and hemorrhage in the bronchioles and alveoli. Concluding, the results showed the hamster as the most susceptible species to EHV-1 infection serving as a complementary experimental model for studies of respiratory and neurological diseases caused by this agent in horses

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15

Cicek, Bunyamin Erkan. "Pedestrian Safety Around Elementary Schools." Master's thesis, METU, 2009. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12611198/index.pdf.

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This study establishes pedestrian safety focused environment around elementary schools. In order to reach this objective 3 consecutive goals are fulfilled
firstly
proposing, a newly designed black spot analysis, &ldquo
Behavioral Black Spot Analysis&rdquo
, secondly
documenting pedestrian behavior around black spots, and finally stimulating effective interventions around elementary schools. This study proposes a newly designed methodology
&ldquo
Behavioral Black Spot Analysis&rdquo
which is namely based upon pedestrians&rsquo
route choice and risk perception statements. Additionally it is observed that students choose the shortest route on their way. &ldquo
Behavioral Black Spot Analysis&rdquo
reveals that traffic flows, pedestrian visibility, vehicle visibility, waiting time, road width are most important parameters of pedestrians&rsquo
perception of traffic safety. Results of unobtrusive observations indicate that interventions have significant effect on vehicle speed, number of conflicts, yielding behavior of drivers, total number of cars forming a queue, number of pedestrians stopping on the curb, head movements, crossing angles, crossing tempos, and crossing distances of pedestrians. Behind this interventions affects pedestrians&rsquo
waiting time in negative manner. Recommendations for pedestrian safety interventions are suggested.

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16

黃子達 and Tze-tat Edward Wong. "A general synthetic route to Yuehchukene analogues via 7alpha-methoxycarbonyl-9-methyl-6-oxo-5,6,6abeta,7betaB,8,10aB-hexahydroindeno [2,1-b] indole, and related studies on 1-methoxyindole." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1992. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31232851.

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17

Wong, Tze-tat Edward. "A general synthetic route to Yuehchukene analogues via 7alpha-methoxycarbonyl-9-methyl-6-oxo-5,6,6abeta,7betaB,8,10aB-hexahydroindeno [2,1-b] indole, and related studies on 1-methoxyindole /." [Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong], 1992. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B13146336.

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18

Hamadi, Farah, and Viktor Wallin. "Förseningstimmar på mötesseparerade 2+1-vägar : Hur förseningskostnaden påverkas av ombyggnad till 2+2-väg i relation till investeringskostnaden." Thesis, KTH, Byggteknik och design, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-260251.

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Från slutet av 1990-talet har en stor mängd av de icke-separerade 13 meter breda vägarna byggts om till mötesseparerade vägar, där trafiken i varje riktning separeras med en mittremsa. Mötesseparerade vägar har varit ett mycket lyckat projekt för trafiksäkerheten och bidragit med en stor minskning av svårt skadade och döda i trafiken. Det finns många mötesseparerade vägar i Sverige. Vid olyckor på 2+1-vägar blir det svårt för trafiken att vända på vägen vilket leder till stopp och gör det även svårt för Blåljusmyndigheten samt bärgningsbilar att ta sig fram. Dessa olyckor leder till förseningstimmar och i sin tur till samhällskostnader. Det här examensarbetet är skrivet för Trafikverket för att granska 2+1-vägar i Trafikverkets Region Öst. Rapporten tar fram och jämför minskning av förseningskostnader efter en ombyggnad från 2+1- till 2+2-väg, rapporten tar även fram och jämför förseningskostnaden med investeringskostnaden för ombyggnationen. Resultatet för den här studien har framförts genom litteraturstudier, analys av data från Trafikledningen, webbverktyg och genom användning av Microsoft Excel för kalkylering av förseningstimmar och -kostnader för utvalda vägar och sträckor. Resultatet från rapporten visar om det är värt att undersöka en 2+1-väg för ombyggnation från 2+1- till 2+2-väg ur förseningskostnadsperspektiv. Detta redovisas genom en generell jämförelse per mil 2+1-väg baserad på väg 50, 55 och 56 i Trafikverkets Region Öst. Rapporten innehåller även en analys över de fem mest drabbade olycksplatserna på E18:s 2+1 sträckor. Analysen av dessa visade att alla fem sträckor låg mellan Köping och Västerås i Västmanland.
From the late 1990s, a large part of the non-separated 13-meter-wide roads have been reconstructed into meeting separated roads, where traffic in each direction is separated by a middle strip. Meeting separated roads have been a very successful project for road safety and have contributed to a large reduction in severely injured and casualties in traffic. There are many meeting separated roads in Sweden. In the case of accidents on 2+1-roads, it becomes difficult for the traffic to turn around on the road, which leads to a stop and makes it difficult for the emergency services and tow trucks to reach the scene of the accident. These accidents lead to delay hours and, in turn, to community costs. This thesis is written for the Swedish Transport Administration to review 2+1 roads in the Swedish Transport Administration’s Region East. The report produces and compares the reduction of delay costs after rebuilding a road from 2+1- to 2+2-standard, the report also presents and compares the delay cost with the investment cost for the reconstruction. This study is based on literature studies, analysis of data from the “Traffic Management”, internet-based programs and through the use of Microsoft Excel for calculating delay hours and -costs for selected roads and routes. The result of the report shows whether it is worth investigating in a reconstruction from 2+1- to 2+2-road from delay cost perspective. This is presented through a general comparison per Scandinavian mile of 2+1-road based on roads 50, 55 and 56 in the Swedish Transport Administration’s Region East. The report also contains an analysis of the five most affected accident sites on the E18's 2+1-routes. The analysis of these accident sites showed that all five were between Köping and Västerås in Västmanland county.

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19

Salap, Seda. "Development Of A Gis-based Monitoring And Management System For Underground Mining Safety." Master's thesis, METU, 2008. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/3/12609815/index.pdf.

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Mine safety is of paramount concern to the mining industry. The generation of a Geographic Information Systems (GIS) which can administrate relevant spatial data and metadata of underground mining safety efficiently is a very vital issue in this sense. In an effort to achieve a balance of safety and productivity, GIS can contribute to the creation of a safe working environment in underground (U/G) mining. Such a system should serve to a continuous risk analysis and be designed for applications in case of emergency. Concept for safety should require three fundamental components, namely (i) constructive safety
(ii) surveillance and maintenance
and (iii) emergency. The implementation has to be carried out in a Web-Based Geographic Information System. The process comprises first the safety concept as the application domain model and then a conceptual model was generated in terms of Entity- Relationship Diagrams. After the implementation of the logical model a user interface was developed and GIS was tested. Finally, one should deal with the question if it is possible to extend the method of resolution used to a national GIS infrastructure.

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20

Lafleur, Vicky. "Persuader les personnes âgées d'adopter des comportements responsables à l'égard des médicaments : route périphérique ou route centrale." Thèse, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, 2003. http://depot-e.uqtr.ca/4543/1/000105218.pdf.

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21

Baptista, Murilo da Silva. "Perturbando Sistemas Não-Lineares, uma Abordagem do Controle de Caos." Universidade de São Paulo, 1996. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/43/43131/tde-13122007-093342/.

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Inicialmente, consideramos o mapa Logístico com os vários fenômenos nele presentes, para depois, ao perturbarmos esse mapa, adicionando periodicamente um termo de amplitude constante, identificarmos os novos fenômenos e as alterações que a introdução da perturbação faz aparecer. Apresentamos o circuito eletrônico de Matsumoto e, em seguida, o consideramos em um regime caótico perturbado por uma tensão elétrica senoidal externa. A introdução desta perturbação faz o circuito permanecer caótico, tornar-se periódico ou quasi-periódico no toro de duas frequências. Aplicamos diversos métodos de controle de caos a três sistemas (mapa Logístico, mapa de Hénon e circuito de Matsumoto). Para a estabilização de uma órbita periódica, consideramos os métodos de Ott-Grebogi-Yorke (OGY), de Romeiras, de Pyragas, de Sinha, de Singer e de H¨ubbler. Para o direcionamento da trajetória para um ponto de equilíbrio, usamos o método de Sinha. Para a transferência da trajetória para um dos atratores coexistentes no sistema de Matsumoto, usamos o método de Jackson-H¨ubbler (OPCL). Usando um conjunto de pertubações constantes em um parâmetro previamente escolhido, mostramos como é possével dirigir rapidamente uma trajetória, de qualquer um dos três sistemas considerados nesta tese, para um determinado alvo. Além disso, é mostrado como esse método pode ser aplicado experimentalmente.
Initially, we consider the Logistic map with its many non-linear phenomena. Then, we use this knowledge to discern new phenomena that shall appear when the map is perturbed, that is the Logistic map perturbed by a periodic and constant term. The Matsumoto\'s circuit is presented and, after we set this circuit to behave chaotically, we perturb it with a sinoidal wave, characterized by its frequency and amplitude. This perturbation is responsible for the appearence of a quasi-periodic and periodic oscillations, or the maintenance of chaos. We presented and applied many methods for controlling chaotic oscillations in three systems (the Logistic and Henon maps, and the Matsumoto\'s circuit), showing many ways for stabilizing a periodic orbit, using the methods of Ott-Grebogi-York (OGY), Romeiras, Singer, Sinhas and Huebbler. For targeting the trajectory to a equilibrium point, the Sinha\'s method was used. To transfer the system trajectory from one to another of the coexisting attractors presented in the Matsumoto\'s circuit, we use the Jackson-Huebbler (OPCL) method. Using a set of constant perturbations, in a previously chosen parameter, we showed how we can rapidly direct a trajectory of any of the considered three systems to a aimed target. Besides, it is shown how this method can be experimentally applied.

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22

Qian, Hui. "Carbon nanotube grafted fibres : a route to advanced hierarchical composites." Thesis, Imperial College London, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10044/1/5532.

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The feasibility of reinforcing conventional fibre/polymer composites by grafting carbon nanotubes (CNTs) onto the fibre surfaces has been investigated. Different methods were developed for directly growing CNTs on silica and carbon (C320 and IM7) fibres. Pure and N-doped CNTs with controllable length were grown on silica fibres using an injection chemical vapour deposition (ICVD) method. The diameter and crystallinity of both types of CNTs increased during growth, which proceeded via the base-growth mechanism. However, the nature surface of carbon fibres is not favourable for the ICVD method. As an alternative, CNT-grafted carbon fibres were produced using the incipient wetness technique or electrochemical deposition to pre-load catalyst for subsequent CNT growth. The effects of growth parameters on the morphology, density, and alignment of CNTs were explored. The CNT-grafting process maintained or improved the fibre tensile modulus, but resulted in strength degradations, to different extents, depending on the fibre type and growth parameters. The impact of CNT-grafting on the interfacial shear strength (IFSS) was studied using different micromechanical interface tests, based on different fibre/polymer systems. The IFSS was unchanged in push-out tests, likely due to an unusual internal failure of the fibres. In all other cases, the IFSS was significantly increased. Single fibre pull-out tests on C320 carbon fibre/epoxy composites showed a 60% increase, whilst fragmentation tests on poly(methyl methacrylate) composites yielded improvements of 26% and 80-150% for IM7 carbon fibres and silica fibres, respectively. The improvements can be attributed to the increased surface area, excellent fibre wettability by the matrix and mechanical interlocking of CNTs with the matrix. In addition, a new combined in situ AFM/Raman technique proved to be a useful tool to study CNT distribution and orientation within hierarchical composites.

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Laganière, Frédéric. "Sur la route de Jack Kérouac : un roman initiatique." Thèse, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, 1998. http://depot-e.uqtr.ca/3552/1/000651917.pdf.

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SOARES, LUCIA MARIA MAC DOWELL. "TRUTH, ILLUMINATION, TRINITY: SAINT AUGUSTINE'S ROUTE TOWARDS INWARDNESS." PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRO, 2002. http://www.maxwell.vrac.puc-rio.br/Busca_etds.php?strSecao=resultado&nrSeq=3945@1.

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CONSELHO NACIONAL DE DESENVOLVIMENTO CIENTÍFICO E TECNOLÓGICO
Este estudo pretendeu fazer um levantamento de como e por que Santo Agostinho formulou a noção de interioridade. Parti da hipótese de que a interioridade foi resultado da busca de Agostinho pela verdade, o que o levou a refutar o ceticismo e a formular o proto-cogito, que lhe garante não só a certeza de sua própria existência, mas também a indicação de que é no interior do homem, em sua alma, que a verdade deve estar. Para que a verdade pudesse ser conhecida, porém, Agostinho precisou estabelecer as condições de possibilidade do conhecimento o que ele fez com a doutrina da iluminação, por meio da qual sabe-se que o homem foi criado com uma luz capaz de conhecer as razões eternas e a verdade. Mas no De Trinitate Agostinho irá postular ser no homem interior que se poderá encontrar a imagem de Deus. Desse modo observa-se que se, inicialmente, a interioridade é pensada, em Agostinho, relativamente a questões de ordem epistemológica, ela irá, porém, sendo formulada para dar conta também de questões éticas, de que a salvação faz parte. Nesse sentido, pode-se dizer que ela é, para ele, uma noção que irá sendo repensada e reformulada, sendo revestida de conteúdos novos e vindo a adquirir, em sua obra madura, contornos cada vez mais teológicos.
This study looks into how and why Saint Augustine has formulated the notion of inwardness. I have started from the hypothesis that inwardness is the result of Augustine's search for truth. For this reason he had initially to refute skepticism in order to come to the formulation of the proto- cogito, which has not only assured him of the certainty of his own existence, but it has also indicated that it is in the inner man, in his soul, that truth should be found. For truth to be known, however, Saint Augustine has had to produce the conditions that allowed for the possibility of knowledge, which he has done in his doctrine of illumination. It is believed that through illumination, man has been created with a natural light which is able to know the eternal reasons and truth. But in De Trinitate Augustine will postulate that it is in the interior of man that God's image can be found. So if inwardness is initially thought of by Augustine as relating to epistemological order, it will, however, be formulated in a way that it also tackles ethical questions, of which Salvation is part. It can, thus, be stated that inwardness is for Augustine a notion that will be reformulated, in a way that new contents are enhanced, coming to point that, in his mature work, it acquires more and more theological characteristics.

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Noël, Bonzil. "Évaluation des coûts aux usagers de la route dans un contexte nordique." Mémoire, École de technologie supérieure, 2005. http://espace.etsmtl.ca/347/1/NOEL_BONZIL.pdf.

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Ce mémoire de recherche est la continuité des efforts menés à l'ÉTS en vue d'élaborer des modèles de comportement des chaussées souples et le calibrage des modèles de performance des chaussées rigides avec HDM-4 pour le MTQ en incluant: (1) une argumentation avec la nécessité d'introduire les coûts aux usagers de la route comme une priorité dans les pratiques d'entretien et de réhabilitation; (2) une série de simulations afin d'évaluer les coûts aux usagers à l'aide du logiciel HDM-4 compatible à tous les climats; (3) ces simulations permettant aussi de taire une estimation des coûts d'exploitation des véhicules (CEV) selon l'état de la chaussée pour, au moins, les vingt (20) prochaines années avec des réductions de CEV selon les différents budgets alloués à la réhabilitation et la reconstruction des chaussées; (4) certaines recommandations sont faites aux administrations routières en vue d'intégrer les coûts aux usagers routiers dans le système de gestion de la route.

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26

Jackson, Paul Gerard. "The effects of route guidance information upon travellers' wayfinding and navigation ability." Thesis, Imperial College London, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/10044/1/8200.

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Mocanu, Mihai Dragos. "Impact du report des travaux routiers sur les coûts aux usagers de la route." Mémoire, École de technologie supérieure, 2008. http://espace.etsmtl.ca/104/1/MOCANU_Mihai_Dragos.pdf.

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Le présent mémoire doit être interprété comme une contribution aux efforts actuels dirigés vers une politique des investissements routiers à forte efficacité socio-économique. La contribufion susmentionnée est constituée par une revue bibliographique et une analyse comparative, quand aux conséquences aux usagers, de travaux identiques réalisés sur un même tronçon de route à des moments différents, fine revue exhaustive de tous les outils existants permettant d'effectuer ce type d'analyse, le choix et la justification de l'outil retenu et son adaptation pour une affectation locale à l'autoroute Bonaventure et enfin la mise en oeuvre de cette analyse de travaux de réhabilitation identiques, réalisés à des moments différents, font l'objet de ce mémoire. En ce qui concerne les travaux identiques il s'agit de travaux de planage et pavage sur un kilomètre d'autoroute très circulée, plus précisément l'autoroute Bonaventure à Montréal. De point de vue moments différents, on a analysé trois options, à part celle de base, caractérisées par des moments de déclenchement des travaux différents. La première option, celle de base, constitue juste l'entretien de routine. La deuxième option constitue des travaux de planage pavage déclenchés dés que l'indice international de rugosité (IRI) atteint la valeur 5, les deux autres options représentant les mêmes travaux déclenchés au moment où l'IRI atteint la valeur de 3.2 respectivement 3.83. Le choix de ces valeurs de l'IRI est expliqué dans les chapitres 4 et 5. La durée choisie pour l'étude des trois options a été fixée à 15 ans afin de déterminer les effets sur les usagers à moyen ou long terme. L'outil retenu a été mis au point pour la Banque Mondiale, il s'agit du logiciel HDM-4, le choix retenu étant détaillé dans le chapitre 1. Les modèles de dégradation de chaussées sont ceux utilisés par défaut dans le logiciel HDM-4. Les données d'entrée sur la section étudiée sont réelles mais n'ont pas été acquises dans la même période, des différentes hypothèses étant prises et exposées dans les chapitres 4 et 5. Les deux derniers chapitres présentent les résultats ainsi qu'une interprétation à travers des tableaux et graphiques conçus d'une telle manière à rendre visible l'impact du retard des travaux sur les usagers. L'impact d'intervenir plus tôt, au bon moment, se traduit par une économie de l'ordre de 28 % sur les coûts aux usagers par rapport à l'option de base. D'autre part, les différences énormes des efforts budgétaires pour arriver à des résultats quasi-similaires de point de vue réduction des coûts aux usagers sont tout à fait surprenantes.

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Luan, Jianlin. "Investigating cooperation strategies for local traffic authorities and in-vehicle route guidance service providers." Thesis, Imperial College London, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10044/1/52711.

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There has been a recent trend of cooperation between local traffic authorities and in-vehicle route guidance service providers that involves free exchange of traffic data. It is important for both sides to understand the outcomes of the cooperation and how to improve their individual outcomes. Despite the relevance of this topic, this area has not been explored in detail by existing studies. Hence, this thesis focuses on investigating cooperation strategies for both local authorities and service providers. This research first develops a cooperation strategy evaluation framework for free data exchange schemes. The framework consists of two model components. The first component is a mixed Path Size Logit (PSL) based market equilibrium model that estimates the market response to a given cooperation strategy. The second component comprises functions to evaluate the benefit for local traffic authorities and service providers. In particular, the benefit functions for free service providers and paid service providers are developed based on assumptions about their differences in revenue sources. Next, a framework for optimising cooperation strategies for the local authority and service providers is developed based on a non-cooperative Nash game. The framework is formulated as an Equilibrium Problem with Equilibrium Constraints (EPEC), which is solved by a Particle Swarm Optimiser (PSO) based Diagonalization algorithm that is developed as a part of this research. This optimisation framework is subsequently extended to analyse cooperation scenarios involving paid data sharing schemes and a mix of free and paid schemes. A number of numerical studies are conducted using the developed frameworks. One numerical study investigates the impact of market characteristics on the market share of a service provider with relatively good data quality, and finds that the route choice set composition, drivers’ value of time (VOT) and their perception accuracy with respect to service providers’ utility have a significant impact on the market share. The other numerical studies show three general implications for the cooperation. Firstly, when a local traffic authority’s objective is to maximise the network performance, it should cooperate with all service providers via free data exchange schemes and make sure that cooperative service providers use the data to enhance their data quality and not just reduce their own data acquisition costs. Secondly, when a local traffic authority considers generating a revenue by selling its data to cooperative service providers (via paid schemes), the authority should be aware that its revenue does not always increase when the data is sold to more service providers; higher revenues can sometimes be obtained from service providers who get a data quality advantage over other providers from local authority data. Finally, there may be a public concern about whether the local traffic authority’s data is appropriately utilised for improving the public benefit when the local traffic authority cooperates with service providers via paid schemes, and such concerns may prevent the local traffic authority from engaging in commercial transactions with service providers through paid data exchange schemes.

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de, Luca Francois. "Fibre-reinforced composites with nacre-inspired interphase : a route towards high performance toughened hierarchical composites." Thesis, Imperial College London, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10044/1/49423.

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Conventional fibre-reinforced polymer composite materials are well known for their high strength, stiffness, low weight and chemical resistance but composites do fail catastrophically, in a brittle manner, with little prior warning. When a fibre breaks in tension, shear stresses transfer load previously carried by the broken fibre to neighbouring fibres through the matrix, leading to local stress concentrations. As tensile loading continues, fibre breaks accumulate in the composite, eventually leading to the formation of a critical cluster, which triggers the failure of the composite. The aim of this research was to develop a novel hierarchical composite architecture consisting of fibres decorated with a nanostructured coating embedded in a matrix. A high performance and tough nanostructured composite interphase, inspired by nacre, should provide additional toughness in tension. A Layer-by-Layer assembly method was used to assemble inorganic nanometre-wide platelets and a polyelectrolyte into a well-organised nanostructure, mimicking the “brick-and-mortar” architecture of nacre, which was developed and characterised. The nanostructure was successfully deposited around conventional reinforcing-fibres, such as carbon and glass fibres, and allowed for absorption of the energy arising from fibre breaks and substantial increase in debonding toughness in single fibre composite models. Impregnated fibre bundle composites were manufactured and tested in tension, which exhibited an increased tensile strength, strain to failure and work of fracture when the nanostructured composite interphase was incorporated. This work was part of the HiPerDuCT programme grant, collaboration between the departments of Aeronautics, Chemical Engineering, Chemistry and Mechanical Engineering of Imperial College London and the University of Bristol.

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Singh, Randhir. "A novel ceramic precursor route for the direct production of hierarchically structured titanium alloy foams." Thesis, Imperial College London, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10044/1/5478.

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Titanium alloys find extensive use in the biomedical field, including applications in the form of a porous structure as a scaffold material for bone repair. Scaffold materials have demanding mechanical and biocompatibility requirements, which vary depending on the orthopaedic application. These requirements are determined by both the porous macrostructure of the foams and the strut wall microstructure. Therefore techniques are needed to characterise these structural features and relate them to the mechanical and physical properties. In this thesis new methods were developed to both manufacture titanium alloy foams and characterise them. Non- destructive X-ray micro-computed tomography (μCT) methods were employed to characterise the pore and interconnect size. The pore and interconnect size dominates the flow properties (permeability) of open-foam structures. Thus, μCT data was meshed and computational fluid dynamics analysis was performed to predict permeability. Direct finite element modelling, continuum micromechanics and analytical models of the foam were employed to characterise the elasto-plastic deformation behaviour. Pore anisotropy was quantified and related to the yield stress anisotropy, allowing identification of initial pore collapse. These results were validated against experimental measurements. Finally, the conventional production method of porous titanium is achieved through a costly multi-step powder metallurgical (PM) route. A new, potentially low cost, method was developed to produce porous titanium with properties similar or better than the existing titanium foam from a ceramic precursor via an electrochemical route. Two steps were involved: (1) preparing the ceramic precursor foam via a gel-casting route; and (2) reducing the oxide electrochemically via the FFC (Fray, Farthing and Chen) Cambridge process. The results of this preliminary study are very promising, with the foams produced via this method demonstrating mechanical and physical properties comparable to conventionally manufactured foams.

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Aka, Armelle Adjoua Sandrine. "Développement de systèmes d'administration originaux destinés à la prévention de la contamination par le VIH chez la femme." Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01015614.

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Avec près de 30 millions de morts depuis le début de la pandémie, l'infection par le VIH est un véritable fléau à l'échelle mondiale, surtout en Afrique sub-saharienne. Dans ce contexte, disposer d'une formulation microbicide efficace, facile à administrer par la voie vaginale, représenterait un outil de prévention idéal pour lutter contre cette pandémie. Ainsi, la conception rationnelle de telles formulations représente un enjeu majeur de santé publique.Ce travail décrit la recherche de formulations thermogélifiantes et mucoadhésives à base de pluronics et d'hydroxypropyl méthylcellulose (HPMC). Outre la caractérisation de leurs propriétés rhéologiques et d'adhésion, ainsi que des études en culture cellulaire suggérant une très faible toxicité de contact, ces hydrogels ont montré d'une part, leur capacité à véhiculer efficacement le peptide M48U1 (équipe L. Martin, CEA) destiné à bloquer l'entrée cellulaire du VIH et d'autre part à ralentir considérablement la diffusion de nanoparticules modèles mimant les particules virale matures du VIH-1, en comparaison d'hydrogel d'hydroxy éthylcellulose (HEC) fréquemment utilisés dans divers essais cliniques infructueux et aussi au mucus cervico-vaginal de macaque. L'ensemble des résultats suggère donc la capacité de ces formulations à constituer une double barrière, physique et pharmacologique, protectrice de la muqueuse vaginale vis-à-vis du VIH.

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Afanga, Khalid. "Modélisation systémique des filières sidérurgiques en vue de leur optimisation énergétique et environnementale." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014LORR0268/document.

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Ce travail de recherche porte sur la modélisation mathématique des principaux procédés sidérurgiques en suivant une approche systémique. L’objectif est d’élaborer un outil de modélisation de l’ensemble de la filière destiné à l’optimiser du point de vue énergétique et environnemental. Nous avons développé des modèles physico-chimiques du haut fourneau, de la cokerie, de l’agglomération et du convertisseur. Ces modèles ont ensuite été reliés entre eux sous forme d’un diagramme de flux unique en utilisant le logiciel ASPEN Plus. Dans une première partie, nous nous sommes particulièrement intéressés au haut fourneau à recyclage, une variante innovante du haut fourneau dans laquelle les gaz de gueulard sont recyclés et réinjectés aux tuyères après capture du CO2. Nous avons testé une réinjection à un niveau (aux tuyères) et à deux niveaux (tuyères et ventre). Les résultats ont été comparés avec succès à des données expérimentales issues d’un réacteur pilote et montrent que le recyclage permet une baisse de plus de 20 % des émissions de CO2 du haut fourneau. Le recyclage à deux niveaux ne semble pas plus performant que celui à un seul niveau. Dans un deuxième temps, nous avons simulé le fonctionnement d’une usine sidérurgique intégrée dans son ensemble. Différentes configurations ont été testées, pour un haut fourneau classique ou un haut fourneau à recyclage, en considérant un éventuel recyclage du laitier de convertisseur à l’agglomération, et en étudiant l’influence de la teneur en silicium de la fonte sur toute la filière. On montre notamment qu’il est possible de réduire le prix de revient de la tonne d’acier en substituant et recyclant différents sous-produits
This research study deals with mathematical modeling of the main steelmaking processes following a systems approach. The objective was to build a modeling tool of the whole steelmaking route devoted to its energetic and environmental optimization. We developed physical-chemical models for the blast furnace, the coke oven, the sintering plant and the basic oxygen furnace. These models were then linked together in a single flow sheet using the ASPEN Plus software. First, we focused on the top gas recycling blast furnace, a novel variant of the blast furnace in which the top gas is recycled and re-injected into the tuyeres after CO2 removal and capture. We tested both a reinjection at one level (tuyeres only) and at two levels (tuyeres and shaft). The results were successfully compared with experimental data from a pilot reactor and demonstrate that recycling can lower the blast furnace CO2 emissions by more than 20%. Recycling at two levels does not seem more efficient than at a single level. Second, we simulated the operation of an entire integrated steelmaking plant. Different configurations were tested, using a conventional blast furnace or a top gas recycling blast furnace, considering a possible recycling of the converter slag to the sintering plant, and studying the influence of Si content in the hot metal on the entire steelmaking plant operation. We show that it is possible to reduce the cost of producing steel by substituting and recycling various by-products

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SILVA, BARBARA AZEVEDO DA. "SLOPE STABILITY ANALYSIS ALONG A SUBMARINE PIPELINE`S ROUTE AT CAMPOS BASIN, RJ." PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRO, 2005. http://www.maxwell.vrac.puc-rio.br/Busca_etds.php?strSecao=resultado&nrSeq=7336@1.

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PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRO
Neste trabalho são avaliadas as condições de estabilidade do subsolo marinho ao longo da rota de um duto rígido de aço revestido com concreto, de 10 de diâmetro, localizado na Bacia de Campos, RJ. Os dados geológicos e geotécnicos foram adquiridos a partir de um amplo levantamento geofísico e geotécnico realizado na diretriz do duto. Devido as adversidades à estabilidade do fundo marinho, várias análises vêm sendo realizadas de forma qualitativa e quantitativa. Atualmente, por questões ambientais e de segurança de obras de engenharia, busca-se uma avaliação mais quantitativa dos riscos geológicos associados à condição de estabilidade do fundo marinho, pois os escorregamentos de taludes representam o principal risco para estas estruturas. As análises de estabilidade foram feitas a partir da teoria do talude infinito, em metodologia aplicada por Nowacki et al. (2003) nos campos profundos de Mad Dog e Atlantis, no Golfo do México, e comparadas com os resultados encontrados a partir da formulação clássica do talude infinito. Uma integração de dados geotécnicos e geofísicos foi necessária, para que todos os parâmetros utilizados na metodologia pudessem ser obtidos. Os resultados indicaram dois pontos críticos ao longo da rota, ambos associados aos flancos do cânion Itapemirim, que apresentam gradientes altos. Foram realizados breves estudos com o objetivo de se avaliar a possibilidade de ocorrência de mecanismos disparadores (terremotos e ondas de tempestade) nesses pontos críticos mas os resultados descartaram esta possibilidade. Concluiu- se ainda que os dados geotécnicos utilizados neste trabalho não foram suficientes e de certo modo não apropriados para a análise de estabilidade de taludes. Uma nova campanha de ensaios geotécnicos de laboratório foi proposta para futuros estudos.
This research analyses stability conditions of marine sediments superficial layers of along a 10 in. diameter pipeline`s route, located at Campos Basin, RJ. The geological and geotechnical data were obtained during a wide geophysical and geotechnical survey along the pipeline`s route. Due to adversities to botton stability found in the marine environment, several qualitative and quantitative stability analysis have been made. Nowadays, because of environmental and safety issues, the researches are more focused on quantitative analysis of geohazards associated with the stability condition of the sea bottom, since slope slides represent the main risk for those structures. The stability analyses were based on the infinite slope theory. The methodology applied was the same used by Nowacki et al. (2003) at the deep fields of Mad Dog and Atlantis, in the Gulf of Mexico. The results were compared with the results from the classical formulation of the infinite slope. An integration of geotechnical and geophysical data was necessary, in order to obtain all the parameters used in the methodology. The results indicated two critical points along the route, both associated with the flanks of the Itapemirim Canyon, which have steep slopes. Brief studies were made to evaluate the importance of triggering mechanisms (earthquakes and storm waves) at these critical points but the results discard this possibility. It was also concluded that the geotechnical data used in this research were insufficient and in a certain way not appropriate for the slope stability analysis. A new geotechnical lab tests campaign was proposed for future studies.

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Shahine, Issraa. "A chemical route to design plasmonic-semiconductor nanomaterials heterojunction for photocatalysis applications." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LORR0105/document.

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L’ingénierie de nanomatériaux hybrides semi-conducteurs/plasmoniques représente une technologie durable en raison de l’efficacité parfaite du couplage pour améliorer, rénover et enrichir les propriétés des composants intégrés. Ce couplage a pour résultat la variation des propriétés fonctionnelles du système, grâce auquel les plasmons de surface générés par les métaux peuvent améliorer la séparation des charges, l’absorption de la lumière et la luminescence du semi-conducteur. Ce phénomène permet de fortes interactions avec d'autres éléments photoniques tels que les émetteurs quantiques. Ces fonctionnalités aux multiples facettes découlent de l'interaction synergique exciton-plasmon entre les unités liées. Ainsi, les nanomatériaux hybrides conviennent à diverses applications, notamment : conversion de l'énergie solaire, dispositifs optoélectroniques, diodes électroluminescentes (LED), photocatalyse, détection biomédicale, etc. Les nanostructures Au-ZnO suscitent un intérêt croissant dans ces applications où le couplage de ZnO à de nanoparticules d’or (GNPs) favorise la réponse du système dans le domaine du visible grâce à leur résonance plasmon de surface (SPR). En fonction de la taille de deux nanomatériaux, de la distance qui les sépare et leurs rapports massiques dans un échantillon, les propriétés des particules hybrides peuvent varier. Dans ce contexte, nous nous sommes concentrés sur la construction de nano-cristaux (NCs) de ZnO purs de dimensions contrôlables, puis incorporés dans des solutions de GNPs par une simple voie chimique. Ce travail est divisé en deux parties : la première consiste à effectuer une synthèse de nanocristaux de ZnO (NCs) purs présentant d'excellentes propriétés de photoluminescence dans l’UV. Ceci a été réalisé par une synthèse à basse température, aboutissant à des structures rugueuses et amorphes. La synthèse a été suivie d'un traitement post-thermique afin de cristalliser les nanoparticules obtenues. Une étude structurale et optique poussée a été établie à la suite de la synthèse (SEM, TEM, DRX, photoluminescence). Les activités photocatalytiques des ZnO NCs ont été étudiées en mesurant leur capacité à dégrader le bleu de méthylène (MB). De plus, la relation entre les structures en ZnO, la luminescence et les propriétés photocatalytiques a été explorée en détail. Dans la deuxième étape, les ZnO NCs obtenus ont été couplés ajoutés à des nanoparticules d'or de tailles et fractions volumiques variables. Le rôle effectif des GNPs concernant leur morphologie, leur contenu et leur effet SPR sur la photoémission des nanostructures de ZnO est souligné par le transfert de charge et / ou d'énergie entre les constituants du système hybride. De plus, l’activité photocatalytique du système hybride a été examinée. Comme débouché et perspective de ce travail de thèse, l'intégration des ZnO NC dans une couche nanoporeuse de polymère (PMMA) a été réalisée et caractérisée afin d'obtenir un substrat de large surface à base de ZnO. Les ZnO NCs assemblés dans du PMMA pourraient être des substrats prometteurs en tant que catalyseurs pour la croissance de nanofils de ZnO, de nanomatériaux métalliques et de matériaux hybrides
Hybrid heterojunctions composed of semiconductors and metallic nanostructures have perceived as a sustainable technology, due to their perfect effectiveness in improving, renovating, and enriching the properties of the integrated components. The cooperative coupling results in the variation of the system’s functional properties, by which the metal-generated surface plasmon resonance can enhance the charge separation, light absorption, as well as luminescence of the semiconductor. This phenomenon enables strong interactions with other photonic elements such as quantum emitters. These multifaceted functionalities arise from the synergic exciton-plasmon interaction between the linked units. Thereby, hybrid systems become suitable for various applications including: solar energy conversion, optoelectronic devices, light-emitting diodes (LED), photocatalysis, biomedical sensing, etc. Au-ZnO nanostructures have received growing interest in these applications, where the deposition of gold nanoparticles (GNPs) promotes the system’s response towards the visible region of the light spectrum through their surface plasmon resonance (SPR). Based on a specific size and purity of ZnO nanostructures, as well as the GNPs, and a definite inter-distance between the nanoparticles, the properties of the ZnO nanostructures are varied, especially the photoemission and photocatalytic ones. In this context, we have focused on the construction of size-tunable ZnO nanocrystals (NCs), then incorporated into GNPs solutions using a simple chemical way. This work is divided into two parts: the first is to perform synthesis of pure ZnO NCs having excellent UV photoluminescence. This was achieved through a low-temperature aqueous synthesis, resulting in rough and amorphous structures. The synthesis was followed by a post-thermal treatment in order to crystallize the obtained particles. The synthesis was followed by structural and optical studies (SEM, TEM, XRD, photoluminescence). The photocatalytic activities of ZnO NCs were studied through tailoring their ability to degrade the methylene blue (MB) dye. In addition, the relationship between ZnO structures, luminescence, and photocatalytic properties was explored in details. In the second step, the obtained ZnO NCs were added to gold nanoparticles of various sizes and volume fractions. The effective role of GNPs concerning their size, amount, and their capping molecule on the photoemission of the ZnO nanostructures was emphasized through the charge and/or energy transfer between the constituents in the hybrid system. In the same way, the systems photocatalytic activities were examined after coupling ZnO to GNPs. Further advancement in the integration of the ZnO NCs into PMMA polymer layers was featured in order to obtain large area template of homogenous ZnO properties. The PMMA-assembled ZnO nanoparticles could be promising substrates as catalysts for growing ZnO nanowires, metallic nanoparticles and hybrid nanomaterials

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Santos, Juliana Feitosa dos. "NÍVEIS DE PRESSÃO SONORA E USO DAS ROTAS DE LEITURA E ESCRITA EM ESCOLARES DE SANTA MARIA." Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 2012. http://repositorio.ufsm.br/handle/1/6527.

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The purpose of this dissertation was to understand the possible relationships among exposure to high sound pressure levels, auditory processing, and performance in the routes of reading and writing, having in mind that children who are acquiring such abilities, into an improper acoustic environment, have tendency to have writing processing difficulties. In this context, this investigation was conducted through the integration among the knowledge of Acoustics, Audiology, and Neuropsychology in the acquisition of writing language. The accomplished procedures were acoustic measures, auditory evaluation, which include the inspection of the external auditory canal, vocal and pure-tone audiometry, imitanciometry, and for the auditory processing, the Staggered Spondaic Words (SSW) test was performed. The writing evaluation included reading and writing isolated words to analyze the use of the lexical and phonological routes. The results of the acoustic measurements through the dosimeter in four schools in Santa Maria, RS, Brazil divided the sample of 87 children of 3 and 4 years old of primary school, aged eight to ten years, into two groups exposed (17 children) and not exposed (70 children) to levels higher than 80dB(A). The sample with normal auditory threshold was also separated in groups with 38 children without changes in acoustic immittance measurements and 49 with changes. The results showed that the children who were exposed to high sound pressure levels are damaged to use the lexical and phonological routes in reading and writing, even if such alterations were not evidenced with significant differences in the auditory processing test, between the exposed and not exposed groups. It is possible to infer, however, that the noise affects the reading and writing processing, and preventive actions are necessary to avoid trouble to the students related to their academic and social abilities.
Esta dissertação teve como proposta de estudo compreender as possíveis relações entre exposição a níveis de pressão sonora elevados, processamento auditivo e desempenho nas rotas de leitura e escrita, visto que crianças que estão adquirindo tais habilidades, em meio a um ambiente acústico inadequado, são propensas a dificuldades no processamento da linguagem escrita. Nesse contexto, a investigação foi conduzida pela integração dos conhecimentos da Acústica, Audiologia e Neuropsicologia em aquisição de linguagem escrita. Os procedimentos realizados incluíram medições acústicas, avaliação auditiva que incluiu a inspeção do meato acústico externo, audiometria tonal e vocal, imitanciometria, e para o processamento auditivo realizou-se o teste dicótico de dissílabos alternados (SSW). A avaliação da linguagem escrita incluiu a leitura e escrita de palavras isoladas para análise do uso das rotas fonológica e lexical. Os resultados das mensurações acústicas realizadas por meio de dosímetro em quatro escolas de Santa Maria RS, dividiu a amostra de 87 crianças do 3º e 4º anos do ensino fundamental, na faixa etária de oito a dez anos, em dois grupos expostos (17 crianças) e não expostos (70 crianças) a níveis maiores que 80dB(A). A amostra com limiares auditivos normais foi distribuída em dois grupos: um de 38 crianças sem alterações e outro de 49 crianças com alterações imitanciométricas. Os resultados demonstraram que crianças expostas a níveis de pressão sonora elevados são prejudicadas no uso das rotas fonológica e lexical na leitura e escrita, ainda que tais alterações não tenham sido evidenciadas em diferenças significativas no teste de processamento auditivo entre o grupo não exposto e exposto. Pode se inferir, portanto, que o ruído prejudica o processamento da leitura e escrita, e tornam-se necessárias ações preventivas com a finalidade de evitar prejuízos aos escolares em suas habilidades acadêmicas e sociais.

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Toprak, Pelin. "A New Route To The Synthesis Of Nanocomposites By Using An Unsaturated Polyester Matrix." Master's thesis, METU, 2004. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12605430/index.pdf.

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This study was conducted to investigate the effects of organoclay type and concentration on the nanocomposites synthesized by &ldquo
In-Situ Polymerization&rdquo
and &ldquo
Prepolymerization&rdquo
methods. In-Situ Polymerization Method was in fact a new route which consisted of dispersing the monomers
propylene glycol, maleic anhydride and o-phthalic anhydride into the galleries of montmorillonite followed by subsequent polymerization. The Prepolymerization Method involved the addition of montmorillonite to the previously synthesized unsaturated polyester. As the first step, all the compositions were prepared by Cloisite 30B, and then for comparison of clay type, nanocomposites containing 3 wt.% of Cloisite 15A and Cloisite 25A were also synthesized. The efficiency of the two methods were compared with regards to their structural, thermal and mechanical properties. According to the results of XRD analysis, in both methods, maximum intercalation was observed when Cloisite 30B was used. An exfoliated structure was obtained in the Prepolymerization Method at 3 wt. % Cloisite 30B content. In all clay types, the increase in the d-spacings of the organoclays was higher when the Prepolymerization Method was applied. With Cloisite 30B, maximum improvement in the impact strength was obtained at 3 wt. % organoclay loading and the In-Situ Method yielded better results leading to a 77% increase in the impact strength at this organoclay loading. Among the organoclay types, Cloisite 15A was found to give rise to maximum increase in the impact strength. With the Prepolymerization Method higher improvement in flexural strength and flexural modulus was obtained owing to the lower styrene content in the crosslinking medium. The elongation at break values followed a decreasing trend with increasing clay content but did not show any significant difference when the clay types were compared.

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CABRAL, ELEN MARIA GOMES. "PIRAÍ RIVER: ENVIRONMENTAL CHANGES AND SOCIAL-CULTURE TRANSFORMATIONS. STREAM, ROUTE AND COURSE OF A WATER BODY." PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRO, 2006. http://www.maxwell.vrac.puc-rio.br/Busca_etds.php?strSecao=resultado&nrSeq=9551@1.

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PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRO
Esta dissertação se propõe a constituir uma práxis científico-acadêmica comprometida com a transformação geo-histórico-social de um corpo d´águaobjeto num corpo-d´água-sujeito, ou seja, no reconhecimento de um corpo d´água constituído pelas ações humanas em recortes culturais. Decidiu-se também pela visão biorregional com o objetivo de resgatar uma conexão entre as comunidades humanas (recuperação histórica, simbólica e cultural) e, uma comunidade biótica, pois é imprescindível a obtenção desse tipo de conhecimento para essa pesquisa. Evoca-se o rio Piraí enquanto ícone de pertencimento na construção das identidades socioambientais da população do município de Piraí-RJ, com o propósito de apontarmos elementos para ações afirmativas de cidadania. O curso do rio Piraí sofreu por duas ocasiões modificações significativas provocando grandes mudanças ambientais e conseqüentemente profundas alterações socioculturais. Buscou-se o resgate de sua história pela memória de seus sujeitos, socioambientais, sua sacralização velada e desvelada pelas representações identitárias dos mesmos, e fundamentalmente, sua profanação ambiental. Faz-se necessário a ressignificação dos conceitos de corpo e água, para enfocarmos o corpo-d´água em seu devir sócio-cultural, em seus cursos, percursos e transcursos de territorialidade e (des) territorialidade objetivando a construção de uma nova realidade tendo em vista a qualidade de vida de sua população.
The purpose of this text is to be academic-scientific praxis commited with a geo-history-social transformation of a object body of water in a subject body of water, in other words, recognize the body of water as formed by human cultural scraps. It was decided for a bioregional vision with the purpose of rescue human community (simbolism, history and culture) and biotic community connection, since it is essential to get this kind of knowledge to this research. It´s necessary evoke the Piraí river as a icon of pertinence in the contruction of the social-environmental identity of the Piraí cintizens, to indicate elements for positive actions of citizenship. The Piraí river was subject of two major changes that resulte in large environmental changes and consequently, deep social-culture transformations. That is of acept rescue the river as body of water, its history redeemed by the memory of its enviromental subjects, its sacredness, veiled and unveiled by its representations of identities, and profanity. It´s necessary to remake the meaning of water and body concepts, to evoke the body of water in its social culture devir, in its streams, route and course of territoriality and (not) territoriality, with the purpose of constructing a new reality aiming at the quality of life of its population.

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38

Viljanen, Johan. "A Novel Route for Construction of Multipurpose Receptors through Chemical Modification of Glutathione Transferases." Doctoral thesis, Linköpings universitet, Organisk Kemi, 2008. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-11612.

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This thesis describes how the human Alpha class glutathione transferase (GST) A1-1 can be reprogrammed either to function as a multipurpose biosensor for detection of small molecule analytes, or as a handle providing for more efficient protein purification. A novel, user-friendly, and efficient method for site-specific introduction of functional groups into the active site of hGST A1-1 is the platform for these achievements. The designed thioester reagents are glutathione-based and they are able to label one single nucleophile (Y9) and leave the other 50 nucleophiles (in hGST A1-1) intact. The modification reaction was tested with five classes of GSTs (Alpha, Mu, Pi, Theta and Omega) and was found to be specific for the Alpha class isoenzymes. The reaction was further refined to target a single lysine residue, K216 in the hGST A1-1 mutant A216K, providing a stable amide bond between the protein and the labeling group. To further improve the labeling process, biotinylated reagents that could deliver the acyl group to Y9 (wt hGST A1-1) or K216 in the lysine mutant, while attached to streptavidin-coated agarose beads, were designed and synthesized. A focused library of eleven A216K/M208X mutants was made via random mutagenesis to provide an array of proteins with altered micro-environments in the hydrophobic binding site, where M208 is situated. Through the invented route for site-specific labeling, a fluorescent probe (coumarin) was introduced on K216 in all double mutants, with the purpose of developing a protein-based biosensor, akin to the olfactory system. The array of coumarin-labeled proteins responded differently to the addition of different analytes, and the responses were analyzed through pattern recognition of the fluorescence signals. The labeled proteins could also be site-specifically immobilized on a PEG-based biosensor chip via the single C112 on the surface of the protein, enabling development of surface-based biosensing systems. Also, a refined system for efficient detection and purification of GST-fusion proteins is presented. Through a screening process involving A216K and all produced A216K/M208X mutants, two candidates (A216K and A216K/M208F) were singled out as scaffolds for the next generation of fusion proteins. In addition to the features present in commercially available GST fusion constructs, the new mutants can be site-specifically labeled with a fluorophore in bacterial lysates providing quick and sensitive monitoring of expression and purification. Furthermore, the proteins could be labeled with a unique aldehyde moiety providing for a novel protein purification scheme.

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39

ARAUJO, DENILSON RODRIGUES DE. "DEVELOPMENT OF A COMPUTATIONAL TOOL FOR OPTIMIZATION AND VALUE IN USE FORECAST FOR IRON ORE PELLETS THROUGH THE DIRECT REDUCTION: ELECTRIC STEELMAKING ROUTE." PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRO, 2007. http://www.maxwell.vrac.puc-rio.br/Busca_etds.php?strSecao=resultado&nrSeq=11571@1.

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PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRO
Pelo presente trabalho, buscou-se desenvolver uma ferramenta capaz de analisar e otimizar o uso de pelotas de minério de ferro em processos tradicionais de redução direta do tipo forno cuba. A criação de um modelo termoquímico do processo MIDREX foi proposta e elaborada dentro da PUC-Rio, levando-se também em conta alguns aspectos cinéticos relativos à redução dos minérios e à carburização do ferro-esponja, bem como alguns parâmetros operacionais. Este modelo foi subseqüentemente adaptado para interagir com um segundo modelo termoquímico de forno elétrico a arco da RS Consultants, representando assim a cadeia de fabricação de aço líquido primário pela rota redução direta - forno elétrico a arco. Para o gerenciamento computacional do processo de otimização e interação com os dois modelos acima citados, desenvolveu-se, adicionalmente, um terceiro modelo, o qual foi designado neste trabalho como modelo GESTOR. Um máximo uso de ferro-esponja ― e de pelotas, conseqüentemente ― é objetivado sempre que possível, sob determinadas condições operacionais pré-estabelecidas. A avaliação econômica destes processos foi embasada em conceitos de valor de uso. Alguns resultados são apresentados neste trabalho, para demonstrar a efetividade e o poder de análise da ferramenta e espera-se que os profissionais da Samarco possam fazer uso deste instrumento de trabalho, dando o devido suporte à tomada de decisão à comercialização e ao desenvolvimento de produtos existentes ou novos.
The study at issue searched for developing an innovative tool able to effectively analyze and optimize the industrial usage of iron ore pellets undergoing traditional gas-based direct reduction processes. The creation of a thermochemical model for MIDREX process was proposed and carried out by PUC-Rio, taking into account relevant characteristics related to DRI carburization and reduction kinetics, as well as some important operating parameters. Subsequently, this model was adapted in order to interact with a second thermo-chemical model owned by RS Consultants and able to represent an electric arc furnace operation. In this sense, it has been possible to represent thereby the iron and steelmaking route based on direct reduction and electric arc furnace. For the computational management of the optimization methodology and interaction involving the two models above-mentioned, a third model was developed and referred to as GESTOR model. It was built to maximize the DRI usage ¯ and pellets utilization, consequently ¯ respecting certain operating conditions previously established. Economic assessments shall be made premised upon value in use concepts. Some results are shown in this study, based on a hypothetical scenario, aiming at proving the effectiveness of this tool. Its adoption by Samarco´s experts is expected as an important supportive methodology to help them to make decisions properly concerning both marketing strategies and product development activities.

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40

COSTA, RODRIGO CAZES. "BRAZILIAN CINEMA AND ITS POSSIBILITIES AS A WAY OF THOUGHT IN THE MODE OF AN ESSAY: A ROUTE THROUGH SÃO-BERNARDO, VIDAS SECAS AND INSÔNIA." PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRO, 2008. http://www.maxwell.vrac.puc-rio.br/Busca_etds.php?strSecao=resultado&nrSeq=12126@1.

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COORDENAÇÃO DE APERFEIÇOAMENTO DO PESSOAL DE ENSINO SUPERIOR
CONSELHO NACIONAL DE DESENVOLVIMENTO CIENTÍFICO E TECNOLÓGICO
Esta dissertação pretende, através do exame de três filmes transcriados de livros de Graciliano Ramos, São Bernardo, Insônia e Vidas-Secas e por intermédio de uma escrita ensaística, tecer considerações sobre a relação do cinema com a literatura e, principalmente, considerações sobre a construção da historiografia do cinema brasileiro. Analisamos, dentro deste percurso histórico, principalmente os períodos do Cinema Novo e do cinema brasileiro contemporâneo (1995 até os dias de hoje), buscando novas reflexões para esses períodos, que fujam daquelas consagradas pela historiografia dominante sobre o cinema brasileiro.
This thesis intends, through the examination of three movies taken from books of Graciliano Ramos, São Bernardo, Insônia e Vidas Secas, and in a style of writing taken with strong influence from the essay, think about the relations between cinema and literature, and, mainly, about the construction of the the Brazilian cinema´s historiography. We analyze, inside this historical route, mainly the periods of Cinema Novo and Brazilian contemporary cinema (1995 until nowadays), searching new reflections for those periods, reflections that escape from that consecrated by the dominant Brazilians cinema historiography.

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41

Dhakal, Ram Chandra. "New Approaches To Heterocycle Synthesis: A Greener Route To Structurally Complex Protonated Azomethine Imines, And Their Use In 1,3-Dipolar Cycloadditions." ScholarWorks @ UVM, 2017. http://scholarworks.uvm.edu/graddis/777.

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1-Aza-2-azoniaallene salts are reactive intermediates that undergo [3+2] cycloaddition with many different types of multiple bonds. For the past several years, the Brewer group has studied the reactivity of these intermediates in intramolecular reactions, and have discovered that these cationic heteroallenes can react through a variety of other, mechanistically distinct, pathways to give different classes of nitrogen heterocycles. For example, prior work in the Brewer group revealed that 1-aza-2-azoniaallene salts could react in an intramolecular [4+2] cycloaddition reaction to give protonated azomethine imine salts containing a 1,2,3,4-tetrahydrocinnoline scaffold. Further study of the scope and limitations of this Diels-Alder-like reaction are described herein. These studies primarily focused on how varying the N-aryl ring and alkene substituents affected the reaction. We discovered that in several instances, the metal mediated reaction did not facilitate the cycloaddition very well, so we searched for alternative ways to facilitate the reaction. We discovered that a non-metallic Lewis acid (TMSOTf) provided very clean products with α-chloroazo compounds. I hypothesized that changing the leaving group adjacent to the azo might further improve the reaction. With this in mind, I developed a technique to prepare α-trifluoroacetoxyazo compounds by treating aryl hydrazones with trifluoroacetoxy dimethylsulfonium trifluoroacetate. This technique is compatible with all types of functional groups including nitro aryl compounds, which gave low yields of the corresponding chloroazo derivatives. Importantly, these α-trifluoroacetoxyazo compounds gave even better cycloaddition results when treated with TMSOTf, and this method is more practical, more environmentally friendly, and greener than the metal mediated technique. This process even returned sterically hindered products in high yield, and provide a dearomatized non-protonated azomethine imine salt, which further verified the proposed mechanism of the [4+2] cycloaddition. Azomethine imines are well known to undergo 1,3-dipolar cycloadditions with alkenes. We wondered if the protonated azomethine imine salts generated by the [4+2] cycloaddition could be used in a subsequent base-mediated [3+2] cycloaddition to generate structurally complex tetra- or pentacyclic products. We were pleased to find that the protonated azomethine imines indeed reacted smoothly with a variety of π-system in the presence of triethylamine to give the corresponding cycloadducts in high yields with moderate to high diastereoselectivities. In an attempt to understand the diastereoselectivity of these [3+2] cycloadditions better, I modeled them computationally.

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42

Ginouves, Marine. "Phylogénie et implication du Leishmania RNA virus dans la leishmaniose cutanée due à L. guyanensis en Guyane Française Prevalence and Distribution of Leishmania RNA Virus 1 in Leishmania Parasites from French Guiana Unraveling the genetic diversity and phylogeny of Leishmania RNA virus 1 strains of infected Leishmania isolates circulating in French Guiana Comparison of tetrazolium salt assays for evaluation of drug activity against Leishmania spp In Vitro Sensitivity of Cutaneous Leishmania Promastigote Isolates Circulating in French Guiana to a Set of Drugs Presence of Leishmania RNA Virus 1 in Leishmania guyanensis Increases the Risk of First-Line Treatment Failure and Symptomatic Relapse Use of the intramuscular route to administer pentamidine isethionate in Leishmania guyanensis cutaneous leishmaniasis increases the risk of treatment failure Leishmaniavirus genetic diversity is not related to leishmaniasis treatment failure." Thesis, Guyane, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020YANE0009.

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Le Leishmania RNA virus (LRV), un virus à ARN double brin retrouvé chez certaines Leishmania, pourrait constituer un facteur d’aggravation des leishmanioses tégumentaires. En Guyane Française, ce virus est retrouvé dans plus de 80% des isolats de L. guyanensis, dont la plupart sont issus des communes de l’intérieur. La présence de ce virus dans les Leishmania ne semble pas influencer la sensibilité in vitro des parasites aux principaux antiparasitaires, mais pourrait augmenter de 27% le risque d’échec thérapeutique et de rechutes chez les patients traités à la pentamidine. L’analyse génétique des LRV, dont le but était d'identifier l’implication de clusters dans la maladie, a permis de déterminer six groupes, dont deux majoritaires. Toutefois, aucun de ces clusters ne semblait être associé aux échecs thérapeutiques primaires. Le LRV ne semble être impliqué que dans les réactivations de la maladie. Ainsi, l’étude d’un plus grand nombre de sujets présentant une réactivation de la maladie permettrait de confirmer l’implication du LRV dans ces rechutes et de déterminer si un génotype de LRV particulier serait impliqué
Leishmania RNA virus (LRV), a double-stranded RNA virus found in some Leishmania, could be a factor of tegumentary leishmaniasis aggravation. In French Guiana, this virus is found in more than 80% of L. guyanensis isolates, most of which come from the inlands. The presence of this virus in Leishmania does not seem to influence Leishmania in vitro susceptibility to antiparasitics, but could increase the risk of treatment failure and relapses by 27% in patients treated with pentamidine. The genetic analysis of LRV, to identify LRV clusters involved in the disease, revealed six LRV groups, including two main groups. However, none of these clusters appeared to be associated with primary treatment failures. LRV appears to be involved only in disease reactivations. Thus, the study of a larger number of cases with disease reactivation would confirm the involvement of LRV in these relapses and determine if a particular LRV genotype is involved

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43

LUNARDI, SELMA CRISTINA PORT. "IF THIS STREET WAS MINE: ERGONOMIC STUDY OF THE OPENED URBAN SPACE, IN JUIZ DE FORA (STATE OF MINAS GERAIS)´S DOWNTOWN, IN VIEW OF THE ACCESSIBLE ROUTE S IMPLANTATION." PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRO, 2007. http://www.maxwell.vrac.puc-rio.br/Busca_etds.php?strSecao=resultado&nrSeq=10366@1.

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COORDENAÇÃO DE APERFEIÇOAMENTO DO PESSOAL DE ENSINO SUPERIOR
É na calçada que começa a cidadania, permitindo ao homem ter acesso aos bens e serviços que a sociedade produz. Porem uma grande parcela da sociedade encontra no seu cotidiano, barreiras culturais, físicas e de informação, que as impedem de exercer a cidadania plena. Infelizmente, a maioria dos espaços abertos públicos é projetada desconsiderando a diversidade humana. Portanto, esta pesquisa tem como objetivo conhecer as necessidades espaciais das pessoas com restrição, a fim de promover a melhoria da qualidade de vida da população através da implantação da Rota Acessível, no centro de Juiz de Fora, MG, eliminando as barreiras arquitetônicas, privilegiando a Acessibilidade aos espaços urbanos em áreas abertas de circulação, considerando a ergonomia e os conceitos do Desenho Universal.
Citizenship has its beginning on the sidewalks, allowing the man to access the goods and services that society produces. However, in daily life, a large part of our society faces cultural, physical and information barriers, which hold this share of society from exerting full citizenship. Unfortunately, the majority of public opened spaces are projected regardless human diversity. Therefore, this research s purpose is to know the spatial needs of handicapped people, in order to improve their life quality through the Accessible Route s implantation, in Juiz de Fora (State of Minas Gerais) s Downtown, eliminating architectonic barriers, to privilege the Accessibility to urban spaces in opened circulation areas, considering the ergonomics and the concepts of Universal Design.

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44

Zufelde, Sabine. ""Comment savoir?" - "Comment dire?" : metafiktionale, metanarrative und metahistoriographische Diskurse über Referenz und Repräsentation in Claude Simons Romanen "La Route des Flandres" (1960), "Triptyque" (1973) und "Les Géorgiques" (1981) /." Tübingen : Gunter Narr Verlag, 2009. http://deposit.d-nb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?id=3233137&prov=M&dok_var=1&dok_ext=htm.

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(10716756), True W. Miller. "Production of Lutetium-177 via the Indirect Route Using PUR-1." Thesis, 2021.

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The use of high flux research reactors, such as the High Flux Isotope Reactor (HFIR), to produce a wide variety of both industrial and medical isotopes has been well documented and proven to be economically feasible. However, due to the lack of access to these high flux facilities by most countries, isotope production methods utilizing reactors with low to moderate flux levels are needed, especially for short lived medical isotopes whose production must be relatively close to the location where they will be administered. In recent years medical isotopes that can both be used for treatment and diagnostic uses have become of great interest. One of the most popular of these theragnostic radionuclides is lutetium-177. Production of high-grade Lu-177 can be achieved in both high and low flux reactors through two different production methods. The current work looks to determine the feasibility of producing Lu-177 via the indirect route, using the relatively low flux of PUR-1. This will be accomplished through the use of high-fidelity models and simulations to predict the resulting production rates of the desired products. The results of these models and simulations will then be compared to the results obtained from the experimental irradiation of various samples of ytterbium oxide in PUR-1. Many studies have successfully produced Lu-177 using moderate and high flux reactors and several papers have studied the predicted production rate for low to moderate flux reactors by using the reported thermal flux of various research reactors and the reported cross-section values for ytterbium. A Monte Carlo based model of PUR-1 will be developed to determine the radiative capture reaction rates for the ytterbium targets across all neutron energies. This model in conjunction with a simplified MATLAB model, to solve the series of partial differential equations describing the production and decay of each product isotope, will be used to predict isotope production rates and will be compared to experimentally obtained results.

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Infantine, Joshua Ross. "Total Synthesis of the EF Fragment of Spongistatin 1 en Route to a Spongistatin 1 Analog." Thesis, 2017. https://doi.org/10.7916/D8CN7G5P.

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A major goal of the Leighton group is the synthesis of biologically relevant polyketide natural products. Among the most potent and chemically intriguing member of this class is spongistatin 1. This molecule has interested biologists and chemists for more than two decades. In this thesis, we report a highly practical and efficient synthesis of the EF fragment of spongistatin 1. This relied on the rapid introduction of a complex stereochemical array using double cross-metathesis/Sharpless asymmetric dihydroxylation reactions to quickly build the F-ring of spongistatin. The six contiguous stereocenters of the F-ring were established in just five steps. A new one-pot asymmetric strained-silane mediated allylation was developed that was greatly improved over previous methods in regards to practicality and substrate scope. This methodology was used to introduce the sensitive chlorodiene side chain. Finally, completion of the EF fragment led to the synthesis of a spongistatin 1 analog, using our previously developed redesigned ABCD fragment.

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Huang, Chih Yung, and 黃至用. "Study on the Landslide Site along Lantai Nursery Yilan Special Route No. 1." Thesis, 2011. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/72124388741046520147.

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碩士
國立宜蘭大學
土木工程學系碩士班
99
The Yilan Special Route No.1 is the only connection road to the Taipin Mountain Forest Recreation Area, and is also an important tourist track for its natural landscape in Taiwan. However, landslides due to typhoon and heavy rainfall frequently occurred around milage stake 10km on this the road near the Lantai Nursery After the 2005 Haitang typhoon which aggravate the landslides within the study area, the traffic safety of Special Route No. 1 was seriously degraded. In order to understand the landslide mechanism of the area, the Loudong Forest District Office had drilled several reconnaissance holes with instrumentation installed over the known landslide area. It was concluded that the main landslide mechanism was attributed to the precipitous terrain, the inferior geological condition and the abundant surface infiltration within the area. A southeastward displacement of the landslide was also detected from the results of the instrumentation. In this research, a finite element scheme and a finite difference analysis were used to model the stability of slopes in the study area.Comparison was made among the results of these analyses with the results from the limited equlibrium analysis which were suggested in earlier reports of Loudong Forest District Office over the study area. Through this research, the stability status and the trend of landslides were better understood, and the conclusion drawn from this study can also be of great value in planning the remedial meassures of the area.

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Rugodho, George. "Obstacles to quality management in South African infrastructure projects - The case of Route 21 (R21) from National Route 1 (N1) to O.R Tambo International Airport." Thesis, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10539/12408.

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This research report identifies obstacles to quality management in South African infrastructure projects, using the R21 GFIP project as case study. A questionnaire was used to collect intrinsic project information. Triangulation method was used to analyse questionnaire results, literature survey and project data supplied by SANRAL (archive data). The efficiency in administering sound quality management is diminished with increase in project pressure, leading to the adoption of shortcut procedures, constructing work with incomplete designs in place and using untested material in some portions of work, to meet stringent completion deadlines for FIFA 2010 World Cup. Strong linkages are identified between significant obstacles that overwhelm quality, including incomplete designs. Top management is not transient and must champion the quality agenda. Hence there is a strong and coordinated need for a structured mechanism to reinforce experiences and lessons learnt from previous projects to curb reoccurrence of similar obstacles. Key words: Obstacles, Quality, Infrastructure, Management, FIFA 2010 World Cup

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"Synthesis of the model ring system of cinncassiol D(1) by an intramolecular Diels-Alder route." Tulane University, 1989.

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Cinncassiol D$\sb1$ is a diterpene isolated from water extracts of Cinnamomum cassia Blume. This and related diterpenes of the Cinncassiol series have exhibited in vitro anti-complement and anti-allergenic activity. The Cinncassiol D$\sb1$ ring system contains a polyhydroxy 5-6-5 cis fused ring system that is unique to this family of natural products. The synthesis of a model 5-6-5 ring system is accomplished through an intramolecular Diels-Alder reaction. Several routes directed towards the preparation of the model ring system are discussed. A short synthesis for preparing 5,5 disubstituted cyclopentene aldehydes in good yield is presented
acase@tulane.edu

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Chu, Tsung Yu, and 朱宗毓. "Study on the Landslide Site on Yilan Special Route No. 1 South of the Midway Explanation Stand." Thesis, 2009. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/38746454517280849214.

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碩士
國立宜蘭大學
土木工程學系碩士班
97
The Yilan Special Route No. 1 is one of the important tourist roads in the Taipin Mountain Forest Recreation Area, which is managed by the Luodong Forest District Office, Forest Bureau, Council of Agriculture, Executive Yuan. However, landslides due to typhoon and heavy rainfall occurred frequently along the road from milage stake 6km through 8km south of the Midway Explanation Station. Since 2005, the area was struck by several typhoons such as Haitang, Matsa, Talim, Longwang, which caused severe landslides and interruptted the traffic. In order to understand the landslide mechanism of the area, the Luodong Forest District Office had installed instrumentation over the landslide area and named the sliding zone M1,N1 and S2 which were concluded to displace southwestward. After linear regression over the monitored data of the landslide area, it was concluded that the main mechanism of the landslides were due to the poor geological condition and heavy rainfall within the area. Especially, the groundwater level was recorded rising up during the heavy rainfall period and it was believed to reduce the stability of the slopes of the area. In this research,limited equilibrium method and finite element method were used to model the stability of slopes in the area. Through the analyses, the stability status of and trend of landslide were better understood and results from this study can be of great help for future remedial plan of the area.

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