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Journal articles on the topic '10CrMo9-10 steel'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 14 February 2022

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1

Madyira, D. M., J. A. Liebenberg, and A. Kaymacki. "Comparative Characterization of P91 and 10CrMo9-10 Creep Resistant Steel Welds." Procedia Manufacturing 8 (2017): 345–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.promfg.2017.02.044.

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2

Bernasovský, Peter. "Case Studies of Steel and their Welded Joint Failures Caused by LME." Materials Science Forum 782 (April 2014): 172–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.782.172.

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Liquid metal embrittlement ( LME ) is a phenomenon , where liquid (molten ) metal is mostly intergranulary (but not only ) penetrated into solid metal and causes its brittle fracture. The LME is usually related to low melting metals (zink, tin , cadmium ...) ,which are in the contact with higher molten ones ( steels, Ni alloys...). Cases of LME as a Cu penetration into pipeline welded joint of 15G2S steel ,a hot temperature corrosion in the cement works shell plate made of AISI 310 stainless steel attacted by Ni3S2 (Ts= 644°C) and a vanadium corrosion in the boiler vessel (10CrMo9-10 steel) due to V2O5 + Na2SO4 eutecticum (~600°C ) are concerned.

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3

Mirski, Zbigniew, Tomasz Wojdat, Paweł Kustroń, Wiesław Dreko, Leszek Mroczkowski, and Dagmara Lądyszkowska. "Robotic CMT arc braze welding of 10CrMo9-10 steel tubes with internal copper lining." Biuletyn Instytutu Spawalnictwa 2018, no. 5 (2018): 43–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.17729/ebis.2018.5/4.

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4

Cieśla, M., R. Findziński, G. Junak, and T. Kawała. "The Effect of Heat Treatment Parameters on Mechanical Characteristics of 10CrMo9-10 Steel Tube Bends / Wpływ Parametrów Obróbki Cieplnej Na Charakterystyki Mechaniczne Łuków Rurowych Ze Stali 10CrMo9-10." Archives of Metallurgy and Materials 60, no. 4 (December 1, 2015): 2971–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/amm-2015-0474.

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The purpose of the paper was to analyse the effect of diverse heat treatment parameters (normalising and tempering) on mechanical characteristics of the material used to develop ϕ508x20 tube bends made of the 10CrMo9-10 steel by application of induction heating. The research conducted included tests of basic mechanical properties as well as low cycle fatigue and creep at the temperature of 500°C. With reference to the results thus obtained, it has been established that there is a relationship between mechanical properties of bends and individual features of their microstructure conditional to the heat treatment parameters. Among other conclusions drawn in the research, it has been found that the main structural factor conditioning the mechanical properties of bends was the grain size. Heat treatment parameters characterised by lower temperature and shorter tempering time triggered changes in the material microstructure, such as increased grain comminution. The effects of the said changes included improvement of strength characteristics (Rm, Rp0,2) as well as increased material durability under conditions of fatigue and creep. Main criterion-specific mechanical properties and geometric features of the bends developed conformed with the relevant requirements of reference standards (PN-EN 10216-2, PN-EN 12952).

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5

Dobrzanski, Janusz, and Marek Sroka. "Computer assisted classification of internal damages in the 10CrMo9-10 steel working in creep service." International Journal of Computational Materials Science and Surface Engineering 1, no. 6 (2007): 706. http://dx.doi.org/10.1504/ijcmsse.2007.017925.

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6

Gwoździk, Monika, and Zygmunt Nitkiewicz. "Texturing of Magnetite Forming during Long-Term Operation of a Pipeline of 10CrMo9-10 Steel." Solid State Phenomena 203-204 (June 2013): 121–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.203-204.121.

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The paper presents results of X-ray measurements of the texture of a magnetite (Fe3O4) layer formed on 10CrMo9-10 steel during 100,000 hours operation at the temperature of 575°C (in a flowing medium environment). The formed oxide layer was ≈140µm thick. Measurements of texturing were performed on the oxide surface and also at the depth of ≈50µm from the surface (1st polishing) and ≈100µm (2nd polishing). X-ray studies were carried out using the radiation of a cobalt anode tube, λCo=0.17902nm, for (311) and (400) Fe3O4 reflections, using a radiation beam collimated to φ=2mm. The study was aimed at determination of correlation between the texturing and the structure on the magnetite layer cross-section. A clear texturing of {111} and {111} type for the magnetite in the initial state and after the second polishing was found. Instead, after the first polishing there was a substantial texturing of {034} and {015} type. A different nature of the texture may result from a diversified morphology of magnetite at various depths (caused inter alia by a differentiated temperature on the tube wall cross-section during the material operation), which is related among other things to the crystallites size. The magnetite structure and texture changes can affect the magnetite porosity and cleavage.

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7

Gwoździk, M. "The Defects of Oxide Layers Formed on 10CrMo9-10 Steel Operated for 200,000 Hours at an Elevated Temperature." Archives of Metallurgy and Materials 61, no. 2 (June 1, 2016): 987–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/amm-2016-0168.

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Abstract The paper contains results of studies into the formation of oxide layers on 10CrMo9-10 (10H2M) steel long-term operated at an elevated temperature (T = 545°C, t = 200,000h). The oxide layer was studied on a surface and a cross-section at the inner and outer surface of the tube wall on the outlet both on the fire and counter-fire side of the tube wall surface. The obtained results of research have shown a higher degree of degradation, both of the steel itself and oxide layers, on the fire side. In addition, it has been shown that on the outside tube wall, apart from iron oxides, there are also deposits composed mainly of Al2SiO5.

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8

Łuczak, K., and W. Wolany. "The influence of the parameters of heat treatment on the mechanical properties of welded joints." Archives of Materials Science and Engineering 2, no. 95 (February 1, 2019): 55–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0013.1731.

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Purpose: The main goal of the work is to determine the influence of the parameters of stress relief annealing on the mechanical and structural properties of welded joints made of chromium-molybdenum type 10CrMo9-10 steel. Design/methodology/approach: In the study, commercial 10CRMO9-10 steel was used, the Polish equivalent of 10H2M. This is a chromium-molybdenum toughened steel, i.e. after normalization (910-960°C) and high tempering (650-780°C). The materials were subjected to heat treatment, tests of mechanical properties, Charpy impact test, hardness of individual material zones, as well as macro and microscopic observations. Findings: The hardness tests indicated, that materials subjected to a single heat treatment possess the greatest hardness. Materials undergoing several heat treatments, possess hardness on a similar level to materials that have been annealed once, however they are characterized by low reproducibility of results. The most important parameter of heat treatment of the tested steel is heating up to a temperature of 690°C. Due to such heating, optimal mechanical properties are achieved, which results in long and safe exploitation of the produced elements. Research limitations/implications: The processes of heat treatment are very important to achieve optimal strength properties of welded joints. Practical implications: The development of energy worldwide has caused the creation of machines working in higher pressure and temperature ranges. The influence of temperatures decreases the service life of a given element. The adaptation and completion of the appropriate process of heat treatment extends the exploitation time of elements. Originality/value: Determining the mechanical properties of 10H2M steel, dependent on the temperature of heat treatment and heating time. It was concluded that the optimal parameter of heat treatment for the tested materials – is heating at a temperature of 690°C.

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9

Gwoździk, Monika, Mirosław Bramowicz, and Sławomir Kulesza. "Surface morphology analysis of oxide layers formed on 10CrMo9-10 steel used in the power industry." Materials Research Express 7, no. 2 (February 19, 2020): 026544. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/2053-1591/ab5ea9.

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10

Cieśla, Marek, Kazimierz Mutwil, Janusz Tomczak, and Tomasz Kawała. "Numerical Modeling as the Method to Determine the Parameters of Tube Bending with Local Induction Heating." Solid State Phenomena 246 (February 2016): 213–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.246.213.

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The numerical analysis results of bending with local induction heating of 10CrMo9-10 steel tubes have been presented in the paper. The goal of conducted simulations was to determine the process parameters that allow to obtain tube bends with geometric features which meet requirements of relevant standards. The risks of wrinkling, excessive tube bend ovalization and cracking (according to Cockroft-Latham criterion) have been analysed. The obtained results prove that numerical modeling can be used to minimize the costs of tube bending technology implementation without the need of further process parameters corrections.

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11

Gwoździk, Monika. "Changes of crystallite sizes in the oxide layer forming during long-term operation of 10CrMo9-10 steel." Technical Sciences 3, no. 20 (May 4, 2017): 289–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.31648/ts.5428.

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The paper contains results of the studies on X-ray diffraction analysis XRD (studying the phase composition, crystallite sizes) of oxide layers on 10CrMo9-10 steel, operated for a long time at an elevated temperature (T = 525°C, t = 200,000 h). The oxide layer was studied on a surface and a cross-section at the outer on the inlet both on the fire and counter-fire side of the tube wall surface. X-ray studies were carried out on the outer surface of a tube, and then the layer surface was polished down and the diffraction measurements were performed again to determine crystallite size in oxide layers. Based on the width and the position of the main coat and substrate reflections, the size of the crystallites was determined using the Scherrer formula.

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12

Gwoździk, Monika. "Analysis of crystallite size changes in a hematite and magnetite formed on steel used in the power idustry." Technical Sciences 1, no. 21 (November 6, 2017): 65–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.31648/ts.2717.

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The paper presents results of studies on the crystallite sizes of oxide layer formed during a long-term operation on 10CrMo9-10 steel at an elevated temperature (T = 545° C, t = 200,000 h). This value was determined by a method based on analysis of the diffraction line profile, according to a Scherrer formula. The oxide layer was studied on a surface and a cross-section at the outer and inner site on the pipe outlet, at the fire and counter-fire wall of the tube. X-ray studies were carried out on the surface of a tube, then the layer’s surface was polished and the diffraction measurements repeated to reveal differences in the originated oxides layer.

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13

Opěla, Petr, Petr Kawulok, Rostislav Kawulok, Ondřej Kotásek, Pavol Buček, and Karol Ondrejkovič. "Extension of Experimentally Assembled Processing Maps of 10CrMo9-10 Steel via a Predicted Dataset and the Influence on Overall Informative Possibilities." Metals 9, no. 11 (November 13, 2019): 1218. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/met9111218.

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Processing maps embody a supportive tool for the optimization of hot forming processes. In the present work, based on the dynamic material model, the processing maps of 10CrMo9-10 low-alloy steel were assembled with the use of two flow curve datasets. The first one was obtained on the basis of uniaxial hot compression tests in a temperature range of 1073–1523 K and a strain rate range of 0.1–100 s−1. This experimental dataset was subsequently approximated by means of an artificial neural network approach. Based on this approximation, the second dataset was calculated. An important finding was that the additional dataset contributed significantly to improving the informative ability of the assembled processing maps in terms of revealing potentially inappropriate forming conditions.

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14

Szkodo, Marek, and Grzegorz Gajowiec. "Studies of the mechanism of metal dusting of 10CrMo9-10 steel after 10 years of operation in the semi-regenerative catalytic reformer." Corrosion Science 102 (January 2016): 279–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.corsci.2015.10.016.

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15

Trzewiczek, Kamil, Agnieszka Szczotok, and Aneta Gądek-Moszczak. "Evaluation of the State for the Material of the Live Steam Superheater Pipe Coils of V Degree." Advanced Materials Research 874 (January 2014): 35–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.874.35.

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The main aim of the undertaken research was to evaluate the state of the material of V degree live steam superheater pipe coils made of 10CrMo9-10 (10H2M) chromium-molybdenum steel as well as to determine their usability for further operation. The pipe coils came from a steam boiler working at a power plant. The scope of the research included: a literature analysis of the issue, an elaboration of the research plan, cutting and preparing the test samples, microstructural tests with the use of a light microscope, microstructural tests performed by means of a scanning electron microscope and conclusion drawing on the basis of the performed tests and the literature review. The work presents the steels of which the mentioned elements were made as well as analyzes their working conditions. It describes the most often observed causes of pipe coil damage and presents techniques of controlling the proper efficiency and usability of these elements for further operation.

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16

KAPUSTOV�, M�ria. "The Influence of Temperature and Strain Rate on Flow Stress of Steel 10CrMo9-10 used for Drawing of Tubes." HUTNIK - WIADOMOŚCI HUTNICZE 1, no. 8 (August 5, 2017): 87–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.15199/24.2017.8.20.

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17

Golański, Grzegorz, Joanna Kępa, Paweł Wieczorek, and Krystian Prusik. "Characterization of Precipitation Process in T24 Steel after Long–Term Ageing." Solid State Phenomena 186 (March 2012): 296–300. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.186.296.

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The T24 steel belongs to a new group of bainitic steels introduced currently to the power industry. Higher requirements connected with applying higher steam parameters in power units are the reason why the low-alloy steels used so far can no longer be applied. Therefore, new T24 steel has been developed in Europe on the basis of 10CrMo9-10 (10H2M) steel, which has been used in the power industry for many years, as a result of modification in its chemical composition. This modification consisted in introducing additions and microadditions of titanium, vanadium, boron and nitrogen into the base steel. As a result of the modification the new-found T24 steel is characterized by higher mechanical properties in comparison with the base steel, which allows to use the steel for tight shields in the new supercritical power units. The material for research was low-alloy bainitic T24 steel. Samples for examination were taken from a pipe section of the following size: outside diameter 44.5mm, wall thickness 7mm. Samples were isothermally aged in the air atmosphere, at the temperature of 580°C and at times up to 12 000 hours. Changes in the microstructure were observed and recorded by means of high-resolution electron microscope, JOEL JEM 3010. Identification of the precipitates was made using carbon extraction replicas and thin foils with the SAED method. The aim of research was the analysis of precipitation processes. They are extremely important in the context of long-term service and maintaining strength parameters above the minimum level. The tests were performed on T24 steel for the as-received condition (after heat treatment) and after 12 000 hours of ageing at the temperature of 580°C. The research made it possible to determine the morphology of precipitates. It also allowed to establish the sequence of precipitation process for the examined steel.

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18

Ławrynowicz, Z. "Bainitic reaction and microstructure evolution in two normalized and tempered steels designed for service at elevated temperatures." Advances in Materials Science 17, no. 4 (December 1, 2017): 22–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/adms-2017-0019.

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Abstract In the present work conventional heat treatment like normalizing (bainitic microstructure) and tempering of the alloys has been performed. The materials used in this study were two steels, one the laboratory prepared experimental low alloy Cr-Mo steel in comparison to typical commercial 10CrMo9-10 steel. The determined carbon concentrations of the residual austenite at the different temperatures of bainite transformation supports the hypothesis that the growth of bainitic ferrite occurs without any diffusion with carbon being partitioned subsequently into the residual austenite. It was found that bainitic reaction has stopped when average carbon concentration of the untransformed austenite is close to the T0 line and supports formation of bainitic ferrite by a shear mechanism, since diffusionless transformation is not possible beyond the T0 curve. Normalized samples were air cooled down to room temperature before tempering at various temperatures in the range of 500-750°C. Samples have been austenitized at 980°C for 0.5 hour air cooled and tempered at 500, 550, 600, 650, 700 and 750°C for 1 hour. After heat treatment, the assessment in the microstructure and phase precipitation was made using the samples prepared for metallographic and transmission electron microscope (TEM) on thin foils analysis. Quantitative X-ray analysis was used to determine the retained austenite content after heat treatment like normalizing and tempering and the total volume fraction of the retained austenite was measured from the integral intensity of the (111)γ and (011)α peaks. The changes observed in the microstructure of the steel tempered at the higher temperature, i.e. 750°C were more advanced than those observed at the temperature of 500°C. Performed microstructural investigations have shown that the degradation of the microstructure of the examined steel was mostly connected with the processes of recovery and polygonization of the matrix, disappearance of lath bainitic microstructure, the growth of the size of M23C6 carbides, and precipitation of the secondary M2C precipitates. The magnitude of these changes depended on the temperature of tempering.

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19

Gwoździk, Monika, Mykhaylo Motylenko, and David Rafaja. "Microstructure changes responsible for the degradation of the 10CrMo9-10 and 13CrMo4-5 steels during long-term operation." Materials Research Express 7, no. 1 (December 23, 2019): 016515. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/2053-1591/ab5fc8.

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20

"99/01413 Hot corrosion of the steel grades 12Ch1MF, 13CrMo4-4 and 10CrMo9-10 in a pulverized coal boiler at a metal temperature <540°." Fuel and Energy Abstracts 40, no. 2 (March 1999): 143. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0140-6701(99)96594-3.

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21

Rakoczy, Łukasz, Kevin Hoefer, Małgorzata Grudzień-Rakoczy, Bogdan Rutkowski, Marcin Goły, Torsten Auerbach, Rafał Cygan, Kevin Gordon Abstoss, Anna Zielińska-Lipiec, and Peter Mayr. "Characterization of the microstructure, microsegregation, and phase composition of ex-situ Fe–Ni–Cr–Al–Mo–TiCp composites fabricated by three-dimensional plasma metal deposition on 10CrMo9–10 steel." Archives of Civil and Mechanical Engineering 20, no. 4 (October 10, 2020). http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s43452-020-00132-z.

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Abstract Quaternary powder mixtures yNi–20Cr–1.5Al–xTiCp (y = 78.5, 73.5, 68.5; x = 0, 5, 10) were deposited on ferritic 10CrMo9–10 steel to form on plates ex-situ composite coatings with austenitic-based matrix. Plasma deposition was carried out with various parameters to obtain eight variants. The microstructure, chemical composition, phase constitution, phase transformation temperatures, and microhardness of the two reference TiCp-free coatings and six ex-situ composites were investigated by X-ray diffraction, scanning and transmission electron microscopy, energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, thermodynamic simulation, and Vickers microhardness measurements. All composites had an austenite matrix with lattice parameter a = 3.5891–3.6062 Å, calculated according to the Nelson–Riley extrapolation. Microstructural observations revealed irregular distribution of TiCp in the composites. Large particles generally occurred near the external surface due to the acting buoyancy effect, whereas in the interior smaller particles, with an equivalent radius around 0.2–0.6 μm, were present. Due to initial differences in the chemical composition of powder mixtures and also subsequent intensive mixing with the low-alloy steel in the liquid pool, the matrix of the composites was characterized by various chemical compositions with a dominating iron concentration. Interaction of TiCp with matrix during deposition led to the formation of nano-precipitates of M23C6 carbides at the interfaces. Based on the ThermoCalc simulation, the highest solidus and liquidus temperatures of the matrix were calculated to be for the composite fabricated by deposition of 73.5Ni–20Cr–1.5Al–5TiCp powder mixture at I = 130 A. The mean microhardness of the TiCp-free coatings was in the range 138–146 μHV0.1, whereas composites had hardnesses at least 50% higher, depending on the initial content of TiCp.

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