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Journal articles on the topic '12-Volt Lead Acid Battery'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 2 June 2025

Last updated: 31 July 2025

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1

Sylvester, Tirones. "Automatic 12-Volt Battery Charge Controller for Telecommunication Systems." International Journal of Inventive Engineering and Sciences (IJIES) 12, no. 5 (2025): 25–31. https://doi.org/10.35940/ijies.E1104.12050525.

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<strong>Abstract:</strong> Everyday electronic applications rely on electric energy to perform work. The growing use of electrical appliances has significantly increased electricity demand. In remote areas where electronic systems are deployed, DC power is essential, making batteries vital for energy storage. Rechargeable batteries are widely used as backup power sources in applications requiring continuous operation, but without appropriate chargers, they become ineffective. Telecommunication systems, crucial for transmitting and receiving information, depend on reliable power. A battery char

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2

Sylvester, Tirones. "Automatic 12-Volt Battery Charge Controller for Telecommunication Systems." International Journal of Inventive Engineering and Sciences (IJIES) 12, no. 5 (2025): 25–31. https://doi.org/10.35940/ijies.E1104.12050525/.

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<strong>Abstract: </strong>Every day, electronic applications rely on electric energy to perform work. The growing use of electrical appliances has significantly increased electricity demand. In remote areas where electronic systems are deployed, DC power is essential, making batteries vital for energy storage. Rechargeable batteries are widely used as backup power sources in applications requiring continuous operation, but without appropriate chargers, they become ineffective. Telecommunication systems depend on reliable power, which is crucial for transmitting and receiving information. A ch

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3

Tirones, Sylvester, and Raj Kumar. "Automatic 12-Volt Battery Charge Controller for Telecommunication Systems." International Journal of Inventive Engineering and Sciences 12, no. 5 (2025): 25–31. https://doi.org/10.35940/ijies.e1104.12050525.

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Every day, electronic applications rely on electric energy to perform work. The growing use of electrical appliances has significantly increased electricity demand. In remote areas where electronic systems are deployed, DC power is essential, making batteries vital for energy storage. Rechargeable batteries are widely used as backup power sources in applications requiring continuous operation, but without appropriate chargers, they become ineffective. Telecommunication systems depend on reliable power, which is crucial for transmitting and receiving information. A charger matched to the batter

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4

Asrol, Muhammad, Endang Djuana, Christian Harito, Arief S. Budiman, and Fergyanto E. Gunawan. "Developing an Inference Engine for Estimating State of Charge of the Lead Acid Battery." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1169, no. 1 (2023): 012001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1169/1/012001.

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Abstract Lead acid battery efficiency is affected by huge uncertainty features. An inference engine is required to monitor the uncertainty of the battery state of charge. The objective of the research is to design an inference system to predict the lead acid battery state of charge. A Relief algorithm and Pearson correlation were applied to pre-process the real-world dataset. A fuzzy inference system was adopted to design the inference engine of the state of charge. This research found four main features which had significant impact to lead acid state of charge, including: export power, temper

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Ewing, Robert, Ben Brokesh, Phillip Shults, and Lee W. Cohnstaedt. "Are You Still Using 6-Volt Batteries for Your Insect Traps?" Journal of the American Mosquito Control Association 39, no. 1 (2023): 61–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.2987/22-7061.

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ABSTRACT The most prevalent insect sampling and surveillance problem is powering insect traps in the field. Most modern light traps use 6-V power supplies such as the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) suction trap. Buck converter modules efficiently reduce 12-V direct current power to 6-V, which permits the use of higher voltage batteries with lower voltage traps, resulting in longer operational duration and reduced labor requirements associated with replacing and recharging batteries in the field. We evaluated several battery configurations of 6- and 12-V lead-acid batteries in

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PAMBUDI, WAHYU SETYO, RIZA AGUNG FIRMANSYAH, TITIEK SUHETA, and NUR KUKUH WICAKSONO. "Analisis Penggunaan Baterai Lead Acid dan Lithium Ion dengan Sumber Solar Panel." ELKOMIKA: Jurnal Teknik Energi Elektrik, Teknik Telekomunikasi, & Teknik Elektronika 11, no. 2 (2023): 392. http://dx.doi.org/10.26760/elkomika.v11i2.392.

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ABSTRAKBaterai merupakan bagian penting dari sistem PLTS off-grid. Kendala yang sering terjadi pada baterai adalah siklus yang pendek dan rugi-rugi karena pengaruh internal resistance sehingga tidak optimal pada saat charging atau discharging. Pada penelitian ini dilakukan pengujian untuk membandingkan karakteristik jenis baterai Lead-Acid 12 Ah dan baterai Lithium-Ion 12 Ah pada sistem Off-Grid panel surya 120 Wp. Pengujian charging maksimal 5 jam, discharging dengan beban adjustable resistor 12 Ohm dengan maksimal pengujian 12 jam (Cut Off). Metode yang digunakan adalah modified Coulomb Coun

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Yahaya, Y. and Hassan, N. Y. "Design, Construction and Evaluation of 5A AC-DC Portable Lead Acid Battery Charger with an Inbuilt Automatic Shut OFF." International Journal of Science for Global Sustainability 6, no. 2 (2020): 8. http://dx.doi.org/10.57233/ijsgs.v6i2.116.

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Battery charger is a system that restores battery after being discharged. It is well known that battery can be destroyed for being discharged below its manufacturers specified discharge voltage limit, when left for some hours. A single switch fly back buck converter that enables battery charging from the alternating current (AC) supply is designed, and constructed. To prevent the battery from overcharging an automatic charge controller was added to the design. Size of the charger was minimised by designing it to operate at higher frequency. It has an input potential difference (PD) from 80 to

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Kurriawan, Budi Pranata, Triasari Yuni, Khairati Nur, Istiroyah, Ariesto Pamungkas Mauludi, and Ghufron Muhammad. "Experimental study of capacity and electrode structure of six cell dynamic lead acid battery." TELKOMNIKA (Telecommunication, Computing, Electronics and Control) 19, no. 4 (2021): 1369–78. https://doi.org/10.12928/telkomnika.v19i4.17845.

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The six cells of the dynamic lead acid battery (DLAB) series have been made to resemble the accumulator with sulfuric acid single electrolyte. The tank was filled with 1200 mL of 30% sulfuric acid and circulated through each unit cell by a minipump during charge-discharge process. Experiments were carried out by providing a charging current of 2A, while the discharge current was varied at 0.5 A, 0.6 A, 0.7 A, 0.8 A for 10 continuous cycle to obtain the battery with the best characteristics. The experimental results show that all batteries have a working voltage of 10.8-14.4 volt. The dischargi

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Afrida, Yenni, Jeckson J, and Ubaidah U. "Studi Penentuan State Of Charge (SOC) pada Baterai Valve Regulated Lead Acid NP7-12 Menggunakan MATLAB." Electrician : Jurnal Rekayasa dan Teknologi Elektro 17, no. 2 (2023): 146–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.23960/elc.v17n2.2481.

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Abstract — To maintain battery performance, it is necessary to have a battery monitoring system that functions to determine several parameters in the battery, such as voltage, current, capacitance and battery capacity. The technology for knowing battery capacity is often known as state of charge (SOC). State of charge (SOC) is the ratio of the remaining energy to the maximum energy capacity of the battery. State of charge values are often expressed in percentage form, 0 percent -100 percent. Estimating the value of the state of charge is quite important in battery monitoring technology. The

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Meliala, Selamat, Saifuddin Muhammad Jalil, Wahyu Fuadi, and Asran Asran. "Application of Off-Grid Solar Panels System for Household Electricity Consumptions in Facing Electric Energy Crisis." International Journal of Engineering, Science and Information Technology 2, no. 1 (2021): 30–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.52088/ijesty.v2i1.199.

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At this time the cost of electricity is very expensive which is felt by the community because the government is still exploring oil and natural gas which is the need for non-renewable energy sources that are running low. This non-renewable energy still dominates for power generation in the thousands of Mega Watts. To anticipate the problem of non-renewable energy that is so big, you can use the On Grid-Tie System, sunlight is converted into DC voltage through the Solar Module, a pure DC voltage that comes out of the solar module. And Off Grid-Tie System namely sunlight is converted into DC vol

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Olarte, Javier, Jaione Martínez de Ilarduya, Ekaitz Zulueta, Raquel Ferret, Unai Fernández-Gámiz, and Jose Manuel Lopez-Guede. "A Battery Management System with EIS Monitoring of Life Expectancy for Lead–Acid Batteries." Electronics 10, no. 11 (2021): 1228. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics10111228.

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This work presents a battery management system for lead–acid batteries that integrates a battery-block (12 V) sensor that allows the online monitoring of a cell’s temperature, voltage, and impedance spectra. The monitoring and diagnostic capabilities enable the implementation of improved battery management algorithms in order to increase the life expectancy of lead–acid batteries and report the battery health conditions. The novelty is based on the online monitoring of the evolution of electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) over a battery’s life as a way to monitor the battery’s performa

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Rospawan, Ali, and Joni Welman Simatupang. "Microcontroller-Based Lead-Acid Battery Balancing System for Electric Vehicle Applications." Jurnal Elektronika dan Telekomunikasi 21, no. 2 (2021): 128. http://dx.doi.org/10.14203/jet.v21.128-139.

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In application of lead-acid batteries for electrical vehicle applications, 48 V of four 12 V batteries in a series configuration are required. However, the battery stack is repeatedly charged and discharged during operation. Hence, differences in charging and discharging speeds may result in a different state-of-charge of battery cells. Without proper protection, it may cause an excessive discharge that leads to premature degradation of the battery. Therefore, a lead-acid battery requires a battery management system to extend the battery lifetime. Following the LTC3305 balancing scheme, the ba

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Qurthobi, Ahmad, Anggita Bayu Krisna Pambudi, Dudi Darmawan, and Reza Fauzi Iskandar. "Correlation between Battery Voltage under Loaded Condition and Estimated State of Charge at Valve-Regulated Lead Acid Battery on Discharge Condition using Open Circuit Voltage Method." International Journal of Power Electronics and Drive Systems (IJPEDS) 9, no. 1 (2018): 357. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijpeds.v9.i1.pp357-364.

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One of the common methods that developed to predict state of charge is open circuit voltage (OCV) method. The problem which commonly occurs is to find the correction parameter between open circuit voltage and loaded voltage of the battery. In this research, correlation between state of charge measurement at loaded condition of a Panasonic LC-VA1212NA1, which is a valve-regulated lead acid (VRLA) battery, and open circuit voltage had been analyzed. Based on the results of research, correlation between battery’s measured voltage under loaded condition and open circuit voltage could be approached

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14

Kim, Sung Tae, Jeong Bin Lee, Ui Seong Kim, and Chee Burm Shin. "Modeling of the dynamic behavior of a 12-V automotive lead-acid battery." Journal of Energy Engineering 22, no. 2 (2013): 175–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.5855/energy.2013.22.2.175.

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Kim, Sung Tae, Jeongbin Lee, Ui Seong Kim, and Chee Burm Shin. "Modeling of the lifetime prediction of a 12-V automotive lead-acid battery." Journal of Energy Engineering 22, no. 4 (2013): 338–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.5855/energy.2013.22.4.338.

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16

Parker, Max, and Richard McMahon. "Novel Test Procedure for Assessing Lead–Acid Batteries for Partial-State-of-Charge Duty Using Internal Resistance Charge Acceptance Technique." Batteries 11, no. 4 (2025): 131. https://doi.org/10.3390/batteries11040131.

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Battery energy storage systems (BESSs) are often used in partial-state-of-charge (PSOC) operation due to the desire for flexibility of charge and discharge. Lead–acid batteries are a good candidate to be used in battery energy storage due to their safety, recyclability, and long cycle life; however, the correct battery, cell, and regime should be chosen to ensure effective use. Manufacturers rarely publish data on PSOC performance of their batteries. During PSOC use, the charge acceptance of lead–acid batteries reduces both reversibly and, sometimes, irreversibly as the battery is cycled. Typi

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17

Marhatang, Marhatang, Muhammad Yusuf Yunus, Sonong Sonong, Lewi Lewi, Remigius Tandioga, and Muhammad Ruswandi Djalal. "Rancang Bangun Prototipe Solar Home System Menggunakan Baterai Lithium Sebagai Penyimpan Energi." Jurnal JEETech 5, no. 1 (2024): 60–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.32492/jeetech.v5i1.5106.

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Utilizing the Solar Home System requires a battery as an energy storage medium produced from photovoltaic modules. Today's batteries are lead-carbon Valve Regulated Lead Acid (VRLA) batteries. This type of battery has a 90-95% round-trip efficiency and a deep discharge (DOD) level of 80%. This type of battery is not environmentally friendly because it produces lead acid. Therefore, the development of batteries in the SHS system from lithium battery technology is carried out. Besides being environmentally friendly, its round-trip efficiency is quite good compared to lead-carbon, which is 92-96%

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18

Dufo-López, Rodolfo, Tomás Cortés-Arcos, Jesús Sergio Artal-Sevil, and José L. Bernal-Agustín. "Comparison of Lead-Acid and Li-Ion Batteries Lifetime Prediction Models in Stand-Alone Photovoltaic Systems." Applied Sciences 11, no. 3 (2021): 1099. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app11031099.

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Several models for estimating the lifetimes of lead-acid and Li-ion (LiFePO4) batteries are analyzed and applied to a photovoltaic (PV)-battery standalone system. This kind of system usually includes a battery bank sized for 2.5 autonomy days or more. The results obtained by each model in different locations with very different average temperatures are compared. Two different locations have been considered: the Pyrenees mountains in Spain and Tindouf in Argelia. Classical battery aging models (equivalent full cycles model and rainflow cycle count model) generally used by researchers and softwa

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Vishwanath, Billavara Omaiah, Narayanaswamy Vedachalam, Panayan Muthuvel, Kannaiyah Jayanthi, and Gidugu Ananda Ramadass. "Pressure-Tolerant Electronics and Discharge Performance of Pressure-Compensated Lead Acid Batteries Under Hyperbaric Conditions." Marine Technology Society Journal 52, no. 5 (2018): 110–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.4031/mtsj.52.5.13.

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AbstractUnderstanding the variations in the energy discharge performance of pressure-compensated valve-regulated lead acid (PC VRLA) batteries under the influence of increased hydrostatic pressure is essential for the reliable design of deep-ocean battery-powered systems. The paper reviews developments in the field of pressure-tolerant electronics and presents observations from the experiments done on a12 V‐40 Ah absorbent glass mat type PC VRLA battery in a hyperbaric chamber at 600 bar pressure. It is identified that, during discharge at 600 bar pressure, the terminal voltage and energy disc

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20

Duving, V. G., Ivan Alekseevich Kazarinov, and Marina Mikhailovna Burashnikova. "A Device for Charging of a Sulfated Lead-Acid Battery by Pulse Asymmetric Current." Electrochemical Energetics 12, no. 1 (2012): 21–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.18500/1608-4039-2012-12-1-21-24.

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The capabilities of our designed charging device for charging of lead-acid batteries with sulfated plates by pulse asymmetric current were tested experimentally. The principle of the considered charging mode is based on alternation of short high-amplitude pulses of the charging current with discharging current pulses with their sequence frequency being multiple of the alternating current frequency in Russia (50 Hz). The designed device enables effective charging of lead-acid batteries with deeply sulfated plates, and is suitable for primary battery formation of lead-acid batteries and for rest

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Ghufron, Muhammad, Silvi Hadila, Ervinka Felindia, et al. "SIMULASI PENGARUH LUAS PERMUKAAN ELEKTRODA TERHADAP TEGANGAN DAN KONSENTRASI PERMUKAAN ELEKTRODA PADA LEAD ACID REDOX FLOW BATTERY." ROTOR 14, no. 1 (2021): 12. http://dx.doi.org/10.19184/rotor.v14i1.23850.

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Energy storage systems (ESS) with large storage capabilities, easy made, and low cost are in high demand. Dynamic lead acid battery (DLAB) as a breakthrough design compared conventional lead acid batteries offers a solution to these problems. Two Dimensional (2D) DLAB simulations with surface area variations of 8 cm2, 12 cm2, 16 cm2 and 20 cm2 were successfully build using the principle of tertiary current distribution and Nerst-Planck Interface. The results for one cycle charge-discharge test showed that the increase in surface area succeeded in increasing the final charging voltage with a va

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Lencwe, Mpho, Shyama Chowdhury, and Thomas Olwal. "A Multi-Stage Approach to a Hybrid Lead Acid Battery and Supercapacitor System for Transport Vehicles." Energies 11, no. 11 (2018): 2888. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en11112888.

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Lead Acid Batteries (LABs) are used for starting, lighting, and igniting, as well as in air conditioning systems and to supply power to electric engines in transport vehicles (TVs). However, the application of LABs for TVs has faced a number of market challenges, mounted by the upcoming high energy density and long lifespan batteries, such as lithium ion. LABs, on the other hand, are inexpensive. The key research question is, how can the lifespan of LABs used in automotive industries be increased, while still ensuring a low cost solution? Thus, integrating LABs with the supercapacitor (known a

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Oh, Yun-Gyeong, Woo-Young Choi, and Jung-Min Kwon. "Design of a Step-Up DC–DC Converter for Standalone Photovoltaic Systems with Battery Energy Storages." Energies 15, no. 1 (2021): 44. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en15010044.

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This paper proposes a step-up DC–DC converter for a power electronic circuit for standalone photovoltaic systems with battery energy storages. The proposed DC–DC converter effectively converts low DC battery voltage into high DC-link voltage. It operates with soft-switching characteristics, which can reduce switching power losses. The proposed converter operates without output voltage feedback, which simplifies its control design. The operation principle of the proposed converter was described, along with the overall system configuration. The experimental results were discussed for the 500-W p

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A.B. Dugay, R.R. Bungue, A.T. David, A.O. Venus, and M.G. Alfonso. "Enhancing Agricultural Resource Management through Electrical Optimization of a Solar-Powered Irrigation System with Soil Moisture Sensor." Asian Journal of Applied Science and Technology 09, no. 02 (2025): 148–60. https://doi.org/10.38177/ajast.2025.9214.

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This study assessed the performance, sustainability, and effectiveness of a 300-watt (300W) solar-powered irrigation system (SPIS) implemented in Tabuyuc, Apalit, Pampanga. The system, consisting of a 300W solar panel, a 24-volt (24V), 50-ampere-hour (50Ah) lead-acid battery, and automatic soil moisture sensors, provided reliable energy for irrigation, with energy generation ranging from 440.64 watt-hours (Wh) to 1366.33 Wh. Despite high energy consumption on April 19, the system continued operating without interruptions, demonstrating resilience under increased demand. Battery performance dat

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Lencwe, Mpho J., S. P. Daniel Chowdhury, and Thomas O. Olwal. "An Effective Control for Lead-Acid Performance Enhancement in a Hybrid Battery-Supercapacitor System Used in Transport Vehicles." Sustainability 13, no. 24 (2021): 13971. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su132413971.

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Modern vehicles have increased functioning necessities, including more energy/power, storage for recovering decelerating energy, start/stop criteria, etc. However, lead-acid batteries (LABs) possess a shorter lifetime than lithium-ion and supercapacitors energy storage systems. The use of LABs harms the operation of transport vehicles. Therefore, this research paper pursues to improve the operating performance of LABs in association with their lifetime. Integrated LAB and supercapacitor improve the battery lifetime and efficiently provide for transport vehicles’ operational requirements and im

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DeHart, Hayley M., Mark T. Gasser, Jarret Dixon, and Peter Thielen. "An aquatic environmental DNA filtration system to maximize recovery potential and promote filtration approach standardization." PeerJ 11 (July 12, 2023): e15360. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.15360.

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Background Aquatic environmental DNA (eDNA) has emerged as a promising approach to identify organisms in freshwater and marine environments. While the recovery of eDNA from water most commonly involves capture of biological debris on a filter matrix, practitioners are yet to converge on standardized approaches for filtration, particularly in the field. This lack of standardization has resulted in inconsistent handling of samples following collection, limiting interpretation of results across studies and burdening groups with inconvenient storage and transport logistics that may compromise eDNA

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27

Beketaeva, L. A., K. V. Rybalka, and D. Simonsson. "Structural changes in the active mass of the negative electrode of the lead/acid battery during charging." Journal of Power Sources 32, no. 2 (1990): 143–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0378-7753(12)80004-8.

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Subbaraman, Alagammal, Bhavani Ramachandran, and Muhaidheen Mohammed. "ANFIS MPPT with power management strategy to harvest reliable power from standalone PV systems to residential loads." International Journal of Power Electronics and Drive Systems 14, no. 01 (2023): 630~648. https://doi.org/10.11591/ijpeds.v14.i1.pp630-648.

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In recent decades, the matching between the growing energy demand and generation is becoming the challenging task to the researcher’s leads for the development of standalone solar photo voltaic (SSPV) power system. The SSPV system is more suited for electrification of essential loads uses DC power as it offers high efficiency. This work aims to model and simulate SSPV with lead acid battery is used as a DC source. The proposed series shunt charge controller with power management strategy (PMS)is designed and modeled to control the power flow among SSPV, battery and the load. adaptive neu

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29

Jettanasen, Chaiyan, and Chaichan Pothisarn. "The Electrical Motorcycle Charger for Application in a Residence." E3S Web of Conferences 186 (2020): 03002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202018603002.

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The aim of this paper is to design the charger for an electric motorcycle and analyze the behavior of voltage and current value during charging. The AC voltage supply from a residence is converted to DC voltage to charge the energy storage system by controlling the voltage and current values suitable for the charge process in all periods. The designed charger is based on the principle of a buck converter with using constant current and constant voltage technique in order to charge a 12 V, 21 Ah lead-acid battery inside the electric motorcycle. By considering the results, the first state of bat

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Alfares, Hesham K. "A Production Planning Optimization Model for Maximizing Battery Manufacturing Profitability." International Journal of Applied Industrial Engineering 1, no. 1 (2012): 55–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijaie.2012010105.

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This paper presents an integer programming (IP) model for production planning, which is used to maximize the profitability of battery manufacturing in a mid-size company. Battery production is a complicated multi-stage process. The formation stage, during which the batteries are filled with acid and charged with electricity, is considered to be the bottleneck of this process. The IP model maximizes the total profit of batteries produced in the formation stage, subject to limited manufacturing resources as well as time limitations and demand restrictions. The IP model is able to accommodate a l

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Pipiska, Michal, Michal Frivaldsky, Matus Danko, and Jozef Sedo. "Electronically Isolated Measuring Circuit for Multicell Traction Battery Modules Identifying State of Charge (SOC) Values." Elektronika ir Elektrotechnika 25, no. 6 (2019): 22–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.5755/j01.eie.25.6.24822.

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Paper focuses on the topic related to State of Charge (SOC) estimation of the battery modules. The design issues of the electronic circuit suited for very accurate voltage and current measurement used for evaluation of the SOC parameters of battery module (NexSys 12 V) are presented. The SOC evaluation is not described here, but the principles are based on the open-circuit voltage measurement in combination with the coulomb counting method. Both methods are considered within the practical design of the measuring circuit of traction lead-acid batteries connected in series (3 cells). The circuit

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Vasilevich, V. P., and M. Y. Zbyshinskaya. "Structure and Circuit Engineering Features of Stand- Alone Photovoltaic System with a Battery-Capacitive Energy Storage Device." Doklady BGUIR 20, no. 5 (2022): 90–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.35596/1729-7648-2022-20-5-90-98.

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The purpose of this research is to analyze the structure and circuit design of stand-alone photovoltaic system with a battery-capacitive energy storage device to ensure voltage stability under peak voltage and a variable nature of the power generated by a solar panel. There is an original active control scheme for a hybrid drive. The peak power of the solar panel was 100 W. The battery part of the energy storage device was represented by a 12 V gel lead-acid battery with a charging capacity of 11 Ah, and the capacitive part consisted of a battery of supercapacitors with an electrostatic capaci

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S., Alexander. "Optimal Bidirectional Battery Charger." International Journal of Advance Research and Innovation 3, no. 1 (2015): 134–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.51976/ijari.311525.

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This paper presents a optimal bidirectional battery charger. The proposed charger acts as a current source, i.e., acts in constant current (CC ) mode with a controlled output current in case of deep discharge of a battery, and as a voltage source, i.e., acts in constant-voltage (CV) mode with a controlled output voltage for near-100% battery state of charge. The proposed circuit is universal from the battery voltage point of view, i.e., can charge a battery with any given voltage rating, and adaptive from the optimum charging current requirement viewpoint, i.e., can adapt to the optimum batter

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Alagammal, Subbaraman, Ramachandran Bhavani, Ramachandran Bhavani, Mohammed Muhaidheen, and Mohammed Muhaidheen. "ANFIS MPPT with power management strategy to harvest reliable power from standalone PV systems to residential loads." International Journal of Power Electronics and Drive Systems (IJPEDS) 14, no. 1 (2023): 630. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijpeds.v14.i1.pp630-648.

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<span lang="EN-US">In recent decades, the matching between the growing energy demand and generation is becoming the challenging task to the researcher’s leads for the development of standalone solar photo voltaic (SSPV) power system. The SSPV system is more suited for electrification of essential loads uses DC power as it offers high efficiency. This work aims to model and simulate SSPV with lead acid battery is used as a DC source. The proposed series shunt charge controller with power management strategy (PMS)is designed and modeled to control the power flow among SSPV, battery and the

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Rashitov, Ilia, Aleksandr Voropay, Grigoriy Tsepilov, et al. "Study of 10 kW Vanadium Flow Battery Discharge Characteristics at Different Load Powers." Batteries 10, no. 6 (2024): 175. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/batteries10060175.

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Vanadium redox flow batteries are promising energy storage devices and are already ahead of lead–acid batteries in terms of installed capacity in energy systems due to their long service life and possibility of recycling. One of the crucial tasks today is the development of models for assessing battery performance and its residual resource based on the battery’s present state. A promising method for estimating battery capacity is based on analyzing present voltage and current values under various load conditions. This paper analyzes the discharge characteristics of a 10 kW all-vanadium redox f

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Badeda, Julia, Monika Kwiecien, Dominik Schulte, and Dirk Sauer. "Battery State Estimation for Lead-Acid Batteries under Float Charge Conditions by Impedance: Benchmark of Common Detection Methods." Applied Sciences 8, no. 8 (2018): 1308. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app8081308.

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Impedance or admittance measurements are a common indicator for the condition of lead-acid batteries in field applications such as uninterruptible power supply (UPS) systems. However, several commercially available measurement units use different techniques to measure and interpret the battery impedance. This paper describes common measurement methods and compares their indication for the state of health (SoH) to those of electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). For this analysis, two strings consisting each of 24 valve-regulated lead-acid (VRLA) batteries with a rated voltage of 12 V and

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Majchrzycki, Włodzimierz, Ewa Jankowska, Marek Baraniak, Piotr Handzlik, and Robert Samborski. "Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy and Determination of the Internal Resistance as a Way to Estimate Lead-Acid Batteries Condition." Batteries 4, no. 4 (2018): 70. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/batteries4040070.

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Attempts have been made to find the best procedure for the detection of premature battery capacity loss (the so called “PCL”) in AGM-VRLA 48 V batteries operating in telecommunication systems. However, recorded changes in internal resistance and potential did not give clear indications of the beginning of the PCL effect. The obtained correlation between internal resistance and potential derived from used batteries does not show the expected trend in measured parameters. It seems that the application of Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS), which is a faster and non-destructive method,

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Burashnikova, Marina Mikhailovna, Tat'yana Sergeevna Denisova, Andrei Mikhailovich Zakharevich, and Ivan Alekseevich Kazarinov. "Structural Characteristics of Absorbent Glass Mat Separators and their Influence on Oxygen Ionization Rate in Models of Lead-Acid Accumulators." Electrochemical Energetics 12, no. 3 (2012): 117–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.18500/1608-4039-2012-12-3-117-123.

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The most important structural and physicomechanical properties of absorbent glass mat separators «Hollingswoth and Vose», «Bernard Dumas», «BMSK AT Nippon» intended for lead-acid battery (LAB) are studied. It is shown that on pore size distribution strong influence puts the enclosed pressure: at compression 50 kPa there is a considerable reduction of the size of a pore. However for the separation material «BMSK AT Nippon» the share of pores with radius from 5 to 10 microns is much higher, than for the separation materials «Hollingswoth and Vose» and «Bernard Dumas». Studying of process of oxyg

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Chakraborty, Sajib, Mohammed Mahedi Hasan, Imane Worighi, Omar Hegazy, and M. Abdur Razzak. "Performance Evaluation of a PID-Controlled Synchronous Buck Converter Based Battery Charging Controller for Solar-Powered Lighting System in a Fishing Trawler." Energies 11, no. 10 (2018): 2722. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en11102722.

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A Proportional-Integral-Derivative (PID)-controlled synchronous buck converter (SBC)-based battery charging system was designed to charge a lead-acid cell battery using commercially available Photovoltaic (PV) panel. The proposed system was installed aboard a fishing trawler to power its electrical system replacing the conventional system, which uses a diesel generator and a few kerosene lamps for lighting purposes. A PID algorithm instead of traditional Maximum power point tracker (MPPT) is used in the proposed system since the charging process of the battery requires a maximum current instea

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Tran, Bang, Joshua Ovalle, Karl Molina, Ruben Molina, and Ha Thu Le. "Solar-Powered Convenient Charging Station for Mobile Devices with Wireless Charging Capability." WSEAS TRANSACTIONS ON SYSTEMS 20 (August 23, 2021): 260–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.37394/23202.2021.20.29.

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Mobile devices, such as smartphones, tablets, laptops, and music players, have been increasingly popular. There is a strong demand for charging stations for these devices, especially in public places, such as bus stops, parks, beaches, schools, hospitals, and playgrounds. This project designs a convenient charging station for the mobile devices. It is renewable and supportive for diverse charging needs. The system key design parameters are: 200-W solar panel, 12-V 900-Wh deep-cycle lead acid battery, 300-W 120-VAC pure sine-wave inverter, 8 outlets (2 wireless, 4 DC USB and 2 AC). It aims to s

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Kosmadakis, Ioannis, Costas Elmasides, Dimitrios Eleftheriou, and Konstantinos Tsagarakis. "A Techno-Economic Analysis of a PV-Battery System in Greece." Energies 12, no. 7 (2019): 1357. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en12071357.

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A techno-economic assessment has been carried out to evaluate the economic feasibility of energy self-consumption from a combination of photovoltaics and lead-acid batteries (PV-BAT). The Total annual economic cost (TAEC) and the cost per unit of energy were first calculated, from PV-BAT data collected over a 12 month period and then from energy system model data for the same period. A comparison of the actual renewable energy yield to optimal model output revealed that energy was restrained partially due to limited storage resources. The cost per kilowatt-hour for the two examined scenarios r

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Vasilevich, V. P., and М. Y. Zbysinskaya. "Charging and Discharging Characteristics of a Battery-Capacitive Energy Storage Device for Stand-Alone Photovoltaic System." Doklady BGUIR 20, no. 2 (2022): 78–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.35596/1729-7648-2022-20-2-78-85.

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The purpose of the research is to study the charging-discharging characteristics of a hybrid energy storage device which consists of two parallel connected battery and capacitive parts to assess the work efficiency of its circuit design as a part of standalone photovoltaic system. The charge current kinetics of a hybrid storage device from a solar panel was carried out under natural conditions at a specific power of incident solar radiation of 800–850 W/m2. The discharge current kinetics of battery and capacitive storages were obtained with a resistive load and disconnected solar battery. The

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Braun, Lars, Minh Le, Jürgen Motz, and Kai Peter Birke. "Novel Approach to Ensure Safe Power Supply for Safety-Relevant Consumers." Batteries 8, no. 5 (2022): 47. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/batteries8050047.

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The 12 V powernet in vehicles must fulfill certain safety requirements due to the safety demand of consumers. A potential risk is undervoltage for a safety-relevant consumer, which leads to its fault. Therefore, a novel approach is presented in this study, which can predict the minimum terminal voltage for consumers. This consists of diagnostics of the wiring harness and of the lead-acid battery as well as predefined consumer currents. Using simulation, first the beginning of a drive cycle is simulated to determine the state of the powernet, and afterwards a critical driving maneuver is simula

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Shaik Mohammad Rasool et al. "IoT Based Solar E-Uniform for Soldiers." Proceeding International Conference on Science and Engineering 11, no. 1 (2023): 1696–701. http://dx.doi.org/10.52783/cienceng.v11i1.321.

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The soldiers working in harsh weather conditions are better protected by solar-powered E-Uniforms. The E-internal uniform's electronics is powered by solar panels. 12 V DC lead acid battery, Energy is stored using a rechargeable battery. Additionally, we use a typical battery charging machine to deliver power to the circuits. The ESP32 microcontroller, which manages every function, is the brains of the circuit. In order to display the voltage generated by the battery on a 16X2 LCD, a voltage sampler is interfaced with the system using an ADC inbuilt in the ESP32.Both a summer and a winter oper

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Ramos-Hernanz, Jose Antonio, Daniel Teso-Fz-Betoño, Iñigo Aramendia, Markel Erauzquin, Erol Kurt, and Jose Manuel Lopez-Guede. "Smart Low-Cost On-Board Charger for Electric Vehicles Using Arduino-Based Control." Energies 18, no. 8 (2025): 1910. https://doi.org/10.3390/en18081910.

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The increasing adoption of electric vehicles (EVs) needs efficient and cost-effective charging solutions. This study presents a smart on-board charging system using low-cost materials while ensuring safe and optimized battery management. The proposed system is controlled by an Arduino MEGA 2560 microcontroller, integrating Pulse-Width Modulation (PWM) for precise voltage regulation and real-time monitoring of charging parameters, including voltage, current, and state of charge (SoC). The charging process is structured into three states (connection, standby, and charging) and follows a multi-st

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Maleczek, Stanisław, Marcin Szczepaniak, Norbert Radek, Stanisław Kowalkowski, and Krzysztof A. Bogdanowicz. "Tests of Acid Batteries for Hybrid Energy Storage and Buffering System—A Technical Approach." Energies 15, no. 10 (2022): 3514. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en15103514.

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Many armies around the world showed an increasing interest for the technology of renewable energy sources for military applications. However, to profit fully from solar or wind energy, an energy storage system is needed. In this article, we present an energy storage system based on acid-lead batteries as a component of a modular generation-storage as a model of military “smart camp”. We proposed a technical approach to study four different types of batteries: DEEP CYCLE, AGM, WET and VRLA in laboratory and real conditions typical for military equipment. It was observed that the best performanc

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Sanskar Pal Singh, Saurav Kumar, Rahul Sharma, Shiva Chaubey, Dr. Pavithra G, and Dr. T.C.Manjunath. "Solar based E-Uniform for Soldiers." international journal of engineering technology and management sciences 7, no. 4 (2023): 21–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.46647/ijetms.2023.v07i04.005.

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Solar based E-Uniform gives better protection to the soldiers who are working in extreme weather conditions. Solar Panels are used to power up the internal circuitry of the E-uniform. A 12 V DC lead acid rechargeable battery is used for storing the energy. We are using conventional battery charging unit also for giving supply to the circuitry. AT89S52 micro controller is the heart of the circuit as it controls all the functions. A voltage sampler is interfaced with the system using ADC 0808 to get the voltage generated from battery as a display on a 16X2 LCD. The project is operated in summer

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Ayotunde, A. Adeosun, A. Adeosun Ayotunde, and Srivastava Prashant. "Lead Accumulation and Distribution at Cellular level in Native Plants Growing on Battery Wastes Contaminated Sites in Ibadan, Nigeria." International Journal of Plant & Soil Science 16, no. 5 (2017): 1–15. https://doi.org/10.9734/IJPSS/2017/32252.

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<strong>Introduction:</strong> Effective phytorextraction depends on the identification of fast growing plants that can tolerate and accumulate high concentration of metals in their tissue. This study was conducted to identify potential lead hyperaccumulators among the native plant species growing on two abandoned lead-acid battery waste-contaminated sites. <strong>Methodology:</strong> Plant samples were collected in triplicates from these sites. Pb accumulation in different parts, translocation (TF) and bioaccumulation factors (BCF) as well as cellular distribution of Pb among the cell organ

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Wu, Ai Hua, Jing Feng Mao, Guo Qing Wu, Zhi Li, and Fei Zheng. "Design of a Switched Reluctance Generator Drive System for Hybrid Electric Vehicles." Advanced Materials Research 143-144 (October 2010): 1027–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.143-144.1027.

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In this paper, the design and implementation of a 12/10 poles 6-phase switched reluctance generator (SRG) drive system for hybrid electric vehicles (HEVs) is investigated. Firstly, the principle of the SRG, its control parameters and operation characteristics are analyzed. Then, according to the requirements of the SRG using as an integrated starter generator for HEVs, an optimized switch angle position with current chopping control method is proposed to regulate the SRG power output. In order to improve the charge performance and extend the service life, the lead-acid battery group uses a two

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Kashuba, Nikolay A. "Features of transcutaneous penetration of lead into the human body." Hygiene and sanitation 100, no. 1 (2021): 55–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.47470/0016-9900-2021-100-1-55-59.

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Introduction. One of the features of lead is its high ability to disintegrate and significantly contaminate the environment. The contamination of hands or the whole body with lead creates a high probability of penetrating micro- and nanoparticles through the skin into the body. Nowadays, this process is not sufficiently studied. There is evidence that inorganic compounds or metallic particles of lead can penetrate through the skin into a human body. Material and methods. centrifuge 10000 rpm, laser emitter (wavelength 625-740 nm), optical microscope, voltampermetric analyzer ABA-2, Analysette

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