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1
Dresden, Technische Universität. "12th International Fluid Power Conference (12. IFK): October 12-14, 2020 in Dresden." Dresdner Verein zur Förderung der Fluidtechnik e.V. Dresden, 2020. https://tud.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A38661.
Full textAbstract:
The International Fluid Power Conference is one of the world's most significant scientific conferences on fluid power control technology and systems. It offers a common platform for the presentation and discussion of trends and innovations to manufacturers, users and scientists.
2
Martin, Dominik, von Bischoffshausen Johannes Kunze, Anna Hensel, and Johan Strandberg. "A reference architecture for cyber-physical fluid power systems: towards a smart ecosystem." Technische Universität Dresden, 2020. https://tud.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A71182.
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Technological advances (e.g., high speed communication, artificial intelligence) and affordable computing and sensor hardware have become a key driver of developments like “Industry 4.0” or the “Industrial Internet of Things” (IIoT). Large numbers of machines and products are equipped with sensors to constantly monitor their condition, log usage data or trigger control processes. IIoT has been largely adopted by OEMs in various industries (such as automotive, machinery industry, or healthcare and medical), turning their product into cyber-physical systems. However, the resulting potential is not yet accessible to component manufacturers. Overall, horizontal integration of the value chain is still in its infancy. Specifically, IIoT for fluid powers just started in recent years with first research projects and commercial solutions. This work presents a reference architecture for cyber-physical fluid power systems which depicts how horizontal integration can be achieved and which potentials thus can be released. The architecture is validated in an industrial use case. Furthermore, the paper at hand discusses which components of the architecture should be addressed by which actor in the fluid power ecosystem in order to leverage opportunities from the IIoT.
3
Steffen, Haack, and Mark C. Krieg. "Industrial hydraulics: now – next - beyond." Technische Universität Dresden, 2020. https://tud.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A71167.
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Industrial hydraulics is often perceived as an old fashioned technology at the end of its innovation cyle. Despite its indiscussable technical benefits as well as its economical importance it is not seen as a promising future technology so that influencing people like to talk about and to promote. This results in disadvantages when it comes to customer choices comparing solutions, bidding processes, and – maybe most important – in a difficult position concerning the war for talents in the long run [... aus dem Text]
4
Pasquini, Enrico, Hubertus Murrenhoff, and Katharina Schmitz. "On the thermodynamic consistency of experimentally determined fluid properties." Technische Universität Dresden, 2020. https://tud.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A71160.
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In the field of fluid power, accurate knowledge of fluid properties is vital for reasonable prediction of component behaviour and system performance. In general, these properties depend on the pressure and temperature levels that the respective medium is exposed to. The properties and their respective dependencies are not publicly accessible for many fluids commonly used in fluid power. If measured values – typically published in the form of mathematical fluid property models – are available at all, their quality is typically unknown. The paper aims to provide tools to objectively ascertain the quality of measured fluid properties. For this purpose, an equation is derived which establishes a relationship between the thermodynamic parameters of density, bulk modulus, heat capacity and thermal expansion coefficient. The presented equation is always satisfied by liquids as well as gases as long as they can be treated as a continuum. Based on this relationship, the degree of thermodynamic consistency of measured properties is evaluated: The less the equation is fulfilled by experimentally determined fluid properties, the more the measured values violate physical laws. The procedure of assessing the thermodynamic consistency is demonstrated by evaluating published fluid property models with the method outlined above. To aid engineers in judging which degree of thermodynamic inconsistency is acceptable, a cut-off value is suggested.
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Schweizer, Hartmut, Raphael Alt, Katharina Schmitz, and Martin Wollschläger. "B2MML as an exchange format for asset administration shells as part of a plug-and-produce process for a fluid power engineering application." Technische Universität Dresden, 2020. https://tud.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A71180.
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One development in the course of industrial digitalisation, which is being driven forward particularly in the German-speaking countries and will gain in importance in the future, is that of the Asset Administration Shell (AAS) [1]. The present work deals with the distribution, instantiation and use of those AASs for assets within the domain of a fluid power engineering application, which by themselves do not currently have the corresponding hardware and software for harbouring an AAS. The Business to Manufacturing Markup Language (B2MML) is used here for the deployment and instantiation of these AASs. In the present work, B2MML is extended with the concept definitions of AAS using its enhancement mechanisms. The distribution of the AASs to computing resources then takes place using B2MML and its transaction definitions. Furthermore, B2MML is used in a submodel to orchestrate process queues. In the course of the FL4 research project, B2MML is integrated as a partial model into the AAS and is used for orchestrating the Plug-and-Produce processes one the business and on subordinate levels.
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Marani, Pietro, Massimo Martelli, Cesare Dolcin, and Silvia Gessi. "Orifices flow saturation in oil hydraulic applications." Technische Universität Dresden, 2020. https://tud.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A71070.
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Even though the orifice is the simplest and most common control component in fluid power systems and cavitation is an already well-established topic in the scientific literature, the flow choking or saturation effect is largely overlooked in the common engineering practice. Most of the times the phenomenon is completely ignored, unless the peculiar hissing noise is observed at the test rig, giving a hint that something wrong is happening in the hydraulic system. Even then, the focus is just on the possible component damage induced by strong cavitation, while the functional implications – in terms of flow characteristic – are neglected. The objective of the paper is to study the phenomenon of flow saturation in hydraulic orifices to assess the formulation of the different critical cavitation numbers and cavitation indexes available from literature. For this reason, a full factorial design of experiments (DOE) is performed to determine the influence of three factors: orifice size, fluid temperature and upstream pressure. The testing is carried out on 5 orifice sizes at 3 different temperatures and 5 different upstream pressure levels. In each test, the downstream pressure is changed from 0 to the upstream pressure level, to sweep the available Δp range, both ascending and descending. In the results section an analysis of the experimental results is drawn, proposing a correlation between the critical cavitation index and the factors considered in the OE. To the authors’ knowledge, no systematic analysis, as the one here proposed, currently exists in literature for mineral oil applications.
7
Lovrec, Darko, Roland Kalb, and Vito Tič. "Basic aspects when using ionic liquids as a hydraulic fluid." Technische Universität Dresden, 2020. https://tud.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A71098.
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Hydraulic development engineers and tribology specialist still exert substantial effort, time and resources into finding a hydraulic fluid that would be near an ideal fluid. In addition to its basic physicochemical properties, it must meet a number of other requirements related to its practical use within hydraulic system and the materials used therein. Ionic Liquids, as novel lubricants, offer the solution in this regard. The paper gives an overview of the basic properties of selected and tested Ionic Liquids suitable for use as hydraulic fluids. The practically obtained data refer to the basic physico-chemical properties of Ionic Liquids and properties important for practical use within hydraulic system, e.g. compatibility with materials. The results are given in a comparison with common mineral oil based hydraulic oil.
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Brötz, Nicolas, Manuel Rexer, and Peter F. Pelz. "Fluid dynamic vibration absorber for cabin suspension." Technische Universität Dresden, 2020. https://tud.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A71227.
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Truck drivers spend all day moving goods. They are exposed to vibrations every time they drive. Modern cabin suspension and an air-suspended seat already offer a high level of comfort. This, however, is designed for vertical dynamics and you can observe the cab of a truck performs large pitching vibrations during acceleration. These are examined here. A pitch model of the cabin is set up for this purpose. On the basis of this model it is examined which reduction of the vibration can be achieved by the use of a hydraulically translated vibration absorber. The advantage of this absorber is the use of the hydraulic transmission to reduce the heavy mass at high absorber inertia. 4 kg of fluid mass act as 131 kg absorber mass reducing vibrations by more than 10%. The conventional vibration absorber is inacceptable due to the additional load. The investigation based on VDI 2057 Part 1 shows that driving comfort can be increased.
9
Zhu, Yi, Shuai Wang, Chao Zhang, and Huayong Yang. "Am-driven design of hydraulic manifolds: enhancing fluid flow and reducing weight." Technische Universität Dresden, 2020. https://tud.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A71084.
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Selective laser melting (SLM), one type of metal additive manufacturing (AM) technology, uses a highintensity laser to selectively melt pre-spread metal powders by a layer-on-layer manner. The technology does not only provide a new way of manufacturing but also innovates product design methodology. In this study, a hydraulic block manifold is designed and manufactured using SLM. In this paper, we present an AM-driven design approach of hydraulic manifolds based on a case study. The target is not only to reduce weight but also to enhance fluid flow by optimizing fluid path to reduce pressure drop. The novelty of the research includes developing a design approach of hydraulic manifolds using SLM with a particular focus on fluid flow. Compared to the traditional hydraulic manifold, the weight of the new SLMed hydraulic manifold was reduced by more than 80%, size by half. Pressure loss of the main functional oil circuit was reduced by 31%, illustrating that the new hydraulic manifold design simultaneously achieves lightweight and high performance. This study contributes to providing theoretical guidance to the design of additively manufactured hydraulic components with high performance.
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Steiert, Christoph, Juliane Weber, Alexander Galant, Janine Glänzel, and Jürgen Weber. "Fluid-thermal co-simulation for a high performance concrete machine frame." Technische Universität Dresden, 2020. https://tud.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A71161.
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Thermo-elastic errors are one of the main drivers for reduced quality of workpieces in machining. Cooling systems can prevent these errors and improve quality. The paper describes a simulation method that takes into account both the temperature field of a machine tool frame and the fluid cooling system. Such simulations can help to improve the thermal stability of the machine tool frame.
11
Hankel, Martin. "Digitization of the hydraulics - uniform semantics only allows interoperability." Technische Universität Dresden, 2020. https://tud.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A71171.
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Machine builder integrate products from different suppliers in their machines or production lines. Today, most of the information is supplier-specific. The major challenge is to extract the necessary information from all products from different suppliers. [... aus dem Text]
12
Tikkanen, Seppo, Mikko Heikkilä, Matti Linjama, and Kalevi Huhtala. "Emission reduction by hydraulic hybrids." Technische Universität Dresden, 2020. https://tud.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A71222.
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Emissions of non-road machines are reduced by precise control of combustion process inside the engine and by after-treatment systems. One additional measure is the hybridization of the powertrain, which can be used to stabilize the engine load. This reduces harmful emissions because most nitrogen oxide emissions and particle emissions are related to sudden load and speed changes of the engine. In this study, four different hydraulic hybrid systems and their emission reduction potential are tested in one case study of a forwarder. The comparison study was done using a hardware-in-the-loop system (HIL) that consisted of a real-time simulation model, hydraulic secondary controlled loading system, real diesel engine, and emission measurement systems. The most efficient system (i.e., the system with the lowest fuel consumption) was the Four-pressure system. However, the difference between this system and the second-best system was negligible, and fuel consumption was about 40% less than with the reference system (a load-sensing system). Results showed that absolute emissions can be reduced by hybridization. Nitrogen oxide emissions were 15 25% lower and particulate matter emissions were 60 75% lower. The Four-pressure system had the lowest emissions. All studied hybrid systems resulted in reduction in fuel consumption and harmful emissions in the studied use case.
13
Zhu, Yi, Lei Zhou, Lei Zhang, Cong Zhao, Zimu Wang, and Huayong Yang. "Assessment of friction loss to horizontally built fluid passages using additive manufacturing." Technische Universität Dresden, 2020. https://tud.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A71081.
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Selective laser melting (SLM), is a type of additive manufacturing, which selectively melts a pre-spread layer of metal powders and produce a part by a layer-on-layer manner. SLM has demonstrated a great potential to reduce size and weight in hydraulic manifolds. However, a theoretical base is lacking since friction loss is unclear in a SLMed fluid passage. In this study, various fluid passages without supports, from diameters from 4 mm to 16 mm, were produced horizontally using SLM. The profile was measured using a 3D scanner and surface roughness was measured using a confocal laser scanning microscope. Friction factor was studied using simulation, experiments, and classical theory. The hydraulic diameter of the SLMed passages is smaller than the design diameter. Surface roughness is extremely high on the top part of the inner wall while the rest part is around 10 μm. Such trends are irrelevant of passage diameters. Friction factors in SLMed passage is much larger than those predicted using Moody theory, particularly in laminar flow. The transition from laminar flow to turbulent flow appears at a smaller Reynolds number with increased passage diameter. The influence of the profile overweighs that of the surface roughness on friction factor.
14
Siwulski, Tomasz, Urszula Warzynska, Marcin Rys, and Maciej Skrzypczak. "Experimental tests of fluid exchange process improvement in a new design of hydraulic cylinder with a supply system." Technische Universität Dresden, 2020. https://tud.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A71090.
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The article presents the results of experimental tests of the liquid exchange level in a new design of a hydraulic cylinder in comparison with the classic one. Comparative results are presented, as well as the influence of the stroke range on the degree of liquid exchange. The results allow the empirical determination of the degree of real improvement of the process of liquid exchange in the cylinder during operation, and thus allow the initial determination of the reliability level increase in hydraulic cylinders. It should be emphasized that the presented results are a part of a research and implementation project carried out in cooperation between a university and an industrial partner. In addition, the presented test method of hydraulic cylinders is, in the opinion of the authors, an interesting proposition, which can be used by manufacturers of this type of components in the world.
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Mass, Igor, Andreas Hoppermann, and Hubertus Murrenhoff. "Control concept for a grease lubricated hydrostatic bearing." Technische Universität Dresden, 2020. https://tud.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A71086.
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In industrial practice greases are mainly used as lubricants in hydrodynamic plain bearings and roller bearings. The use in hydrostatic bearings is avoided due to the difficult controllability. One reason is the complex non-Newtonian flow behavior of greases. The motivation for this paper is the use of greases to increase the efficiency of hydrostatic bearings. The assumption is that the so-called yield stress of consistent greases can lead to self-sealing behavior in the bearing under stationary operation conditions. Assuming a volume-flow-free operation of the bearing, a concept for the active control of the sealing gap height and thus the bearing stiffness was developed. The concept idea is the use of a second medium with Newtonian characteristic for pressure transfer. The grease and the pressure control fluid are structurally separated. The grease is induced in the shortest possible way into the bearing pocket to keep the pressure losses as low as possible. The results of test bench investigations indicate the feasibility of a gap height control with very high bearing stiffness under use of highly consistent greases and initiate further investigation on non-stationary operation.
16
Rahmfeld, Robert. "Displacement machines - key elements of future technology." Technische Universität Dresden, 2020. https://tud.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A71184.
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Fluid Power displacement machines are still by far the dominant power transfer principles in mobile machinery. Power density, simple continuous variability for rotary and linear drives as well as straight forward repair and service concepts have enabled this technology a very successful development in the last decades. This general lecture will critically analyze if and how those drive line elements will be Key Elements of Future Technology in this market in the future, especially under the view that battery technologies are facing many challenges for powerful machines with intense duty cycles (see also automotive industry) [... aus dem Text].
17
Straub, David. "Behaviour and impact of leakage in vacuum gripping systems." Technische Universität Dresden, 2020. https://tud.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A71214.
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Leakage in a vacuum system causes the pressure to rise if it is not compensated like in case the supply energy carriers fail. This leads to the workpiece to be dropped. So in order to design vacuum gripping systems that can withstand a failure of the supply energy carriers over a predefined amount of time, it is crucial to know the influences and effects of leakage. In previous examinations the behavior of leakage has been examined on the basis of a closed fluidic reservoir with a hole in its wall. But the only impacts taken into account here are the volume of the reservoir, the diameter of the hole and the pressure difference. Whereas when it comes to vacuum gripping systems, the leakage has significantly more influencing factors as it is neither a single component nor a closed system. In vacuum gripping systems leakage mostly occurs at the interface between the suction cups and the workpiece. So in this contribution the focus is on the impact of the properties of those components, and how the variation of these properties affects leakage. To achieve this, a theoretical description is done based on the aforementioned research, which is expanded in order to the relevant characteristics of a vacuum gripping system. After that the description is evaluated on a test bench. The goal is to be able to make a statement about the leakage rate for a vacuum gripping system composed of standard components. This can then be used in the design process of such gripping systems, which have to fulfil the requirement of compensating leakage in case the energy supply fails.
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Mukherjee, Swarnava, Lizhi Shang, and Andrea Vacca. "A fast approach for coupled fluid-thermal modeling of the lubricating interfaces of axial piston machines." Technische Universität Dresden, 2020. https://tud.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A71103.
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The temperature distribution of the lubricating interfaces is an important aspect of the functioning of positive displacement machines. It can determine the efficiency and the life time of the unit. In particular, it directly affects the fluid properties and the thermal induced deformations of the solid bodies. A simulation tool capable of predicting the fluid temperature in such gaps thus becomes very useful in the design process of these machines. The temperature distribution in a film comprises of many physical phenomena including convection and conduction along and across the film. Past numerical approaches solved this multi-directional conduction-convection problem using a threedimensional(3D) grid, making the tool computationally expensive and unsuitable for fast simulations. This paper proposes a hybrid fluid temperature solver, based on, a low computational cost twodimensional(2D) grid, to reduce the simulation time with reasonable accuracy. The piston/cylinder interface of an axial piston machine is selected as reference case to demonstrate the proposed approach. The hybrid approach was found to speedup the simulation times by 36%.
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Casoli, Paolo, Fabio Scolari, Carlo Rossi, and Manuel Rigosi. "A cfd design of engineered surface for tribological performance improvements in hydraulic pumps." Technische Universität Dresden, 2020. https://tud.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A71104.
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In the present paper the preliminary results of the potentialities that surface texturing has in improving the coupling of lubricated surfaces in relative motion is presented. This kind surface engineering requires careful design of the geometry to obtain relevant improvements; therefore, it is useful to study in detail the behavior of the fluid confined between the coupled surfaces by means of CFD analysis. The purpose of this research is to study the effect of dimples created on one of the two coupled surfaces and to observe the variation of tribological properties as their principal design parameters vary, such as dimple shape, size and spatial distribution. Furthermore, simulations have been carried out with different sliding velocities and fluid temperatures to analyze the effects that these variables have on the tribological performance of the textured surface. The simulations also consider the presence of cavitation and the influence of this phenomenon on the overall behavior of the textured surface is evaluated.
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Pasieka, Lucian. "The applicability of the mass-flow-model according to iso 6358 with the parameter critical conductance c and critical pressure ratio b for gases in high-pressure range up to 300 bar." Technische Universität Dresden, 2020. https://tud.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A71162.
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Mass flow models for gaseous media describe the relationship between gas flow through throttle elements depending on pressure, temperature and type of medium. These models are used to calculate pneumatic components, to simulate pneumatic systems or to plan facilities. The known flow models are verified for ideal gases, such those as according to ISO 6358-1 (International Standard ISO 6358- 1: pneumatic fluid power – Determination of flow-rate characteristics of components using compressible fluids: General rules and test methods for steady-state flow, 2013). But they fail with real gases, especially at higher pressures. The objective of this contribution is to recommend a simple-touse model for the mass flow calculation of real gases. The advantage of the C and b model is the use of only two parameters. A testbench for high pressure up to 300 bar was used for model verification with air and hydrogen. The Library for standard dry air and hydrogen up to 1000 bar was used for the state variables of the real gases. The parameters C and b are obtained, applied and verified in the state space of real gas. With the C and b parameter it is possible to simulate not only the single component (valve, throttle, nozzle and so on) but also the whole system with a complete system simulation, like such as hydrogen filling stations.
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Moosavi, Atena, Sven Osterland, Dominik Krahl, Lutz Müller, and Jürgen Weber. "Numerical prediction and experimental investigation of cavitation erosion of hydraulic components using hfc." Technische Universität Dresden, 2020. https://tud.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A71096.
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Hydraulic devices play an essential role in mechanical engineering due to their high-power density, good controllability, flexible application and high robustness, which expose innovative methods of energy transmission. However, in applications where there is an increased risk of fire or explosion, the commonly used combustible mineral oils represent an unacceptable safety hazard. In such cases, fireresistant, water-based hydraulic fluids are in demand. A special feature of these liquids is their high cavitation tendency and the associated strong erosion wear. The aim of this research is to predict the cavitation behaviour of HFC and the subsequent erosion phenomena using numerical methods and to validate the results with experiments. Additionally, experimental results for HFC were compared with HLP. The findings help to implement further developments to decrease the erosive effect of cavitation in high-pressure differences in hydraulic components. For this purpose, flow geometries of typical hydraulic components, e.g. valve and pump, are used for experimental and numerical investigation. The large-eddy simulation (LES) turbulent modelling is used with Zwart-Gerber cavitation model. The cavitation aggressiveness is quantified by cavitation erosion indices according to Nohmi.
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List, Walter. "Efficiency that borders on the impossible electrohydraulic drives." Technische Universität Dresden, 2020. https://tud.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A71234.
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Hydraulic displacement systems are a technology that has been known for many years. Nevertheless, the impression is created that the large fields of application are not only being developed very tentatively, but in many cases are being completely denied. What might be the reason for this? Are the electromechanical solutions better? What is the missing element to build the bridge from the available hydraulic-mechatronic technology to broad customer application? This paper provides an overview of how the targeted use of the latest technologies in the product and in the entire value-added chain has resulted in a complete mechatronic hydraulic system that pushes the limits of feasibility in terms of power, accuracy and efficiency and delivers a clearly calculable benefit for both the plant manufacturer and the end customer. In addition to the great accuracy and high reliability, there are also considerable savings in the total cost of ownership (TCO) due to a previously unattained level of efficiency. The thoughts of health and environmental protection are just as much a part of the considerations as product safety and personal protection. Finally, an outlook on possible expansions is given, and which areas of application are possible for the technologies developed within the project. The aim is not to show how the traditional fields of application of hydraulics are to be defended, but rather to use the strengths of a hydraulic-mechatronic approach in a conscious and clearly structured way to make new applications possible.
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Mistry, Zubin, Venkata Harish Babu Manne, Andrea Vacca, Etienne Dautry, and Martin Petzold. "A numerical model for the evaluation of gerotor torque considering multiple contact points and fluid-structure interactions." Technische Universität Dresden, 2020. https://tud.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A71111.
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This paper presents a numerical model for the evaluation of the actual torque in Gerotor units. The model consists of two major modules: the pre-processor module and the HYGESim module. The preprocessor module consists of the geometric and the mechanical module. The geometric pre-processor module considers the CAD geometry of Gerotor with tolerances as input and it provides as output the geometric features needed to evaluate the rotor loading and the flow features. The mechanical preprocessor module evaluates the forces of interaction at the contact points between the rotors. The flow displaced by the unit is evaluated using a lumped parameter model whereas the lubricating gaps are evaluated by solving the Reynolds Equation. The main novel aspects consist of the evaluation of the frictional losses at various interfaces. An Elasto-Hydrodynamic Lubrication (EHL) approach is used to evaluate the frictional losses at the contact points between the rotors. Tests on a prototype Gerotor unit are performed for the model validation, particularly as pertains to the features of the shaft torque. Additionally, the paper comments on the distribution of the different torque loss contributions associated with the operation of the unit taken as reference.
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Minav, Tatiana, Jani Heikkinen, Soumadipta Pyne, Sami Haikio, Juha Nykanen, and Matti Pietola. "Analysis of novel zonal two-cylinder actuation system for heavy loads." Technische Universität Dresden, 2020. https://tud.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A71078.
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Climate change and economic opportunities motivate investigating electric distributed power for working hydraulics in non-road mobile machinery (NRMM) instead of conventional hydraulics. This recent method allows significant energy savings in hydraulic systems, which was demonstrated previously by many independent studies. In this study, zonal hydraulics (as electrically distributed) are realized with direct driven hydraulics drive (DDH) units. Unlike conventional hydraulic drives the DDH units are disconnected from the engine (main prime mover) and distributed throughout the system. In a DDH unit, a single fixed displacement pump/motor with a speed-controlled electric servomotor directly controls the flow. The aim of this paper is to determine functionality of this new two-cylinder DDH-system in a lifting work cycle (or a swerve motion of the work machine). For this purpose, a model was created to investigate performance of the new test rig Dolores. The results of the simulation model will be utilized in future research to discover and compare other alternatives for working hydraulics architectures.
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Lyu, Fei, Junhui Zhang, and Bing Xu. "Wear prediction of piston/cylinder pair in axial piston pump." Technische Universität Dresden, 2020. https://tud.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A71106.
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The piston/cylinder pair is the key lubricating interface of axial piston pumps. It suffers from excessive wear due to the huge lateral force, especially under high output pressure. In order to achieve predictive maintenance, it is significant to detect the performance degradation of the piston/cylinder pair. In this paper, a method to predict the wear of the piston/cylinder pair is proposed. The wear regions and corresponding wear depths under different conditions are investigated. The distributive characteristic parameters of the oil film are obtained, which can reflect the load-bearing and lubrication conditions at each region of the friction pair. Based on the oil film characteristic parameters, the most suitable wear model is chosen to calculate the wear depth, and then the entire wear profile of the piston/cylinder pair is obtained. The experimental investigation is carried out, and the results show that the accuracy of the wear regions and corresponding wear depth prediction is high. This method can be used to pump healthy management and choose the suitable working conditions of the axial piston pump.
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Achten, P. A. J., R. F. H. Mommers, H. W. Potma, and J. J. Achten. "Design and testing of pistons and cups for large hydrostatic pumps and motors." Technische Universität Dresden, 2020. https://tud.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A71187.
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A new transmission is being designed for a next generation of large, offshore wind turbines, based on floating cup pumps and motors. The machines have a fixed displacement of around five liter per revolution. The objective of this study is to design, manufacture and test the pistons and cups of these machines. To this end, a new test bench has been designed and build, to measure the leakage and friction of the pistons up to a pressure level of 350 bar. Several sets of pistons and cups have been tested against a reference set which was proven to have very little friction at rated and peak operating conditions. The leakage between the pistons and cups was measured at different piston positions at stationary conditions. The friction between the piston and the cup has been measured continuously. From the tests it can be concluded that the friction force is below 0,01% of the piston force. The leakage losses are less than 0,5% of the total effective flow output.
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Gauchel, Wolfgang, Thilo Streichert, and Yannick Wilhelm. "Predictive maintenance with a minimum of sensors using pneumatic clamps as an example." Technische Universität Dresden, 2020. https://tud.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A71204.
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In standard pneumatics, the available signals for data analytics are very limited. As a rule, no continuous status information is available. Usually only the reaching of the end position is indicated - by means of a digital signal of a proximity sensor. This paper examines whether these limited data can be used to derive usable and useful information for predictive maintenance. Pneumatic clamps in bodyin- white construction were chosen as application example. The paper describes a continuous run to investigate the basic feasibility of predictibility. In the following chapters, possibilities for error classification are discussed. Finally, the implementation of the findings in a field test is described.
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Bauer, Wolfgang. "Hydropneumatic all-wheel suspensions: applications, challenges and special solutions." Technische Universität Dresden, 2020. https://tud.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A71226.
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All-wheel suspensions are generally challenging, particularly if they are equipped with an automatic level control. In mobile machines, the special application conditions make their use even more demanding regarding layout and control. A high center of gravity, load variations, off-road-conditions etc. require special measures to reduce roll and pitch movements. Additionally the uneven ground along with the mechanical suspension setup often create a need to measure and optimize tyre-to-ground forces in order to provide best traction and suspension properties. Hydropneumatic suspensions have all the potential to meet all these requirements and provide a comfortable, safe and efficient suspension setup.
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Rexer, Manuel, Nicolas Brötz, and Peter F. Pelz. "Much does not help much: 3D pareto front of safety, comfort and energy consumption for an active pneumatic suspension strut." Technische Universität Dresden, 2020. https://tud.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A71215.
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With regard to autonomous driving the demands on comfort are increasing. This makes it attractive to use active suspension systems. The system developed at TU Darmstadt is able to increase driving comfort up to 28 % while maintaining driving safety compared to a passive suspension system. This paper investigates the influence of available energy and power of the active system. The investigation is based on a simulation of a quarter car model and an uneven country road. This paper shows that the more energy the active system has at its disposition, the greater is the range between a comfortable and a sporty chassis. Furthermore the driving comfort can be increased by 28 % with constant driving safety. The average power required for this is 15 W and the maximum power is 300 W.
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Wartlick, Karl, Matthias Baumann, Andras Veres, and Roman Weidemann. "CFD-aided optimization of customer-specific tank systems using an innovative labyrinth deaerator." Technische Universität Dresden, 2020. https://tud.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A71199.
Full textAbstract:
This paper introduces the comprehensive approach of ARGO-HYTOS in developing and optimizing hydraulic tanks. Starting with a detailed analysis of the application, the tank design was optimized and an innovative deaerator was developed. In a first step, various Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) -based analyzing methods are presented, which are used to support the optimization process of tank development with regard to complex flow conditions and unexpected influences. The main topic of this paper is the introduction of an innovative labyrinth deaerator, causing coalescence of air bubbles, slower subsequent flow conditions and finally a better deaeration. A further focus is on a customized deaeration test rig, which is used to validate improved components and tank designs on the one hand and to learn more about the complex deaeration effects on the other hand. With this comprehensive optimization approach and the innovative, compact and patented labyrinth deaerator, the size of the tank and the amount of oil can be reduced to a minimum, without impairing air separation, but on the contrary, even improving the air separation behavior.
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Post, Peter. "Pneumatics and Industrie 4.0 - opportunity or contradiction?" Technische Universität Dresden, 2020. https://tud.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A71212.
Full textAbstract:
Modern industrial production processes are increasingly characterized by digital solutions in order to continuously increase their efficiency while taking sustainability aspects into account. Pneumatic components and systems have been and will continue to be an essential part of modern production plants and must face the special challenges posed by digitalization [... aus dem Text]
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Legner, Jürgen, and Tilo Huber. "ZF view on future drivetrains for compact and medium size wheel loaders." Technische Universität Dresden, 2020. https://tud.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A71219.
Full textAbstract:
This paper discusses an investigation on a novel hydraulic pump concept. The idea aims on a pump principle to be directly connected to highspeed electric motors to build compact highpressure drives [... aus der Einführung]
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Erhard, Michael, Jörg Schneider, and Jan Julius Stein. "Design and performance evaluation of next generation clutch control valve." Technische Universität Dresden, 2020. https://tud.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A71223.
Full textAbstract:
Pressure reducing valves perform various control tasks in mobile machines. In many cases contamination sensitive environments require pilot-operated valves, because of its more robust performance. On the other hand, dynamic valve behavior can be critically in certain applications. Overcoming the restrictions resulting from stand-alone test rig attempts, suitable simulation principles are nowadays the state of art in valve design. Unsuitable model approaches and missing consideration of the application may result in wrong design decisions. This paper discusses two important modeling issues, in particular the solenoid and spool leakage behavior, in combination with the connected system under control, a pressure-actuated clutch. It is shown, that even for standard proportional valves a critical view on customers´excitation strategy and site of installation decides on success or failure of an already used design variant.
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Tappe, Peter, Jürgen Heinzmann, and Ralf Raupold. "On/Off solenoid with sensorless position detection." Technische Universität Dresden, 2020. https://tud.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A71254.
Full textAbstract:
As is generally known, pressure-resistant solenoids for valves are used in hydraulics and pneumatics. These solenoids, for example, consist of a so-called pole tube with an integrated armature and a separate solenoid coil. Suitable displacement measuring systems are used in order to measure the armature´s as well as valve spool´s position constnatly; these ar directly mounted to the solenoid. Exeamples here are Hall Effect sensors or LVDT transducers. In case of lesser requirements, it is also possible to measure the valve spool´s position directly and in simplified manner. Here, partially standard proximity sensors are employed, which use the valve spool directly as measuring object. In these cases, however, only discrete position measurement is possible. A constant displacement measurement is not necessary. By means of the sensorless position-control developed by MSM, the armature´s position can be executed directly by analyzing the solenoid coil, partly replacing the usual sensors, under adapted basic conditions.
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Dietrich, Ingo, Lukas Zinßer, Tim Müller, Gerhard Ludwig, and Peter F. Pelz. "Rotor swivel motor as actuator of an innovative control valve." Technische Universität Dresden, 2020. https://tud.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A71256.
Full textAbstract:
To minimize the complexity of existing process control valves, the authors derived a new control valve design by functional separation and functional integration of functions. One key element of this new valve design is the functional integration of teh actuator into the valve´s throttle. A hydraulic swivel motor is operated with the process fluid, in this case water. The pressure difference to operate the motor comes from the valve itself. Within this paper we present the control valve design and show in detail how we used the Fail-Early design method to develop the hydraulic swivel motor. The construction is discussed using the experience from manufacturing the prototype and the first exp erimental results are shown. The experiments yield, that the swivel motor principle is promising. Finally, the next development issues are discussed.
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Pellegri, Matteo, Matthew Green, Jill Macpherson, Callan McKay, and Niall Caldwell. "Applying a multi-service digital displacement® pump to an excavator to reduce valve losses." Technische Universität Dresden, 2020. https://tud.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A71185.
Full textAbstract:
Reducing the energy consumption of off-highway machinery due to poor system efficiency is an urgent challenge. Several advanced and innovative architectures have been proposed over the years to tackle this problem, but very few of them found fertile ground for commercial applications due to increased complexity and cost. In this paper, the design, implementation, and testing of a multi-service Digital Displacement ® Pump architecture applied to an excavator are presented. The Digital Displacement ® Pump allows for a dynamic physical displacement allocation to services at different pressure levels, thus reducing throttling losses required to operate multiple actuators simultaneously. A feed-forward control logic is implemented and applied to the system using a closed-centre architecture. The results indicate a fuel reduction of more than 30% compared to the baseline excavator.
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Mkadara, Geneviève, and Jean-Charles Maré. "Development of a lumped parameter model of an aerospace pump for condition monitoring purposes." Technische Universität Dresden, 2020. https://tud.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A71205.
Full textAbstract:
This paper presents the development of a helicopter axial piston pump model with condition monitoring in mind. Industrial constraints and needs ask for modelling with a lumped-parameter approach and require model architecture to be addressed with care. The aim of the proposed model is to assess the merits of pump leakage monitoring through measurement of case pressure. Once reviewed the state of the art in pump modelling, the slipper/swashplate interface is taken as an example to propose and implement in Simcenter AMESim a variable gap height model. The simulation results show that commonly used lumped-parameter models overestimate leakage. It also points out that average leakage at slipper may reverse at high pump displacement.
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Thienen, Stefan, and Thomas Gellner. "Flexible and easy to engineer servo-hydraulic actuators using 3D printing manufacturing process." Technische Universität Dresden, 2020. https://tud.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A71208.
Full textAbstract:
Already since some time, Bosch Rexroth offers solutions as compact servo hydraulic actuators (SHA). Because there are lot of requests from the market, we thought about reducing the inquiry processing time and delivery time by designing a kit system for the SHA solutions. This system should be flexible enough to cover different technical solutions (e.g. cylinder), functionalities and design styles [... aus dem Text]
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Ivantysyn, Roman, Ahmed Shorbagy, and Jürgen Weber. "Investigation of the wear behavior of the slipper in an axial piston pump by means of simulation and measurement." Technische Universität Dresden, 2020. https://tud.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A71102.
Full textAbstract:
Axial piston pumps are universal displacement machines that are used in a vast variety of applications. Their high pressure resistance and ease of operation make them very popular, especially in mobile applications. Some applications require more robust pumps with an extended lifetime, particularly those that operate in remote environments such as marine type or mining operations. Especially new applications like displacement control have high demands on pumps such as through shaft operation (many pumps on one shaft), high dynamics and multi-quadrant operation. These demands create challenges in terms of lifetime expectancy and robustness for pump manufacturers and machine OEMs. Currently most axial piston pumps go through a run-in process. During this process the softer bronze parts shave off and change their shape according to the necessary one for the pumps’ proper operation. This process is highly dependent on the design of the parts and their manufacturing tolerances. In this paper the run-in process of the slippers of an axial piston pump was investigated by means of measurements of the gap height and wear profile as well as simulation. The measurements show a clear change of profile and gap heights for the first 120 h of the pumps operation. After that the gaps stabilize. The numerical simulations made with the program Caspar FSTI were coupled with contact wear models to output wear profiles. Different models will be introduced and compared with measurements. Both
the amount of material removed and the performance of the pump before and after run-in will be discussed.
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Guo, Jihao, and Ludger Frerichs. "Development of a hydrostatic transmission with integrated supply for working hydraulics." Technische Universität Dresden, 2020. https://tud.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A71237.
Full textAbstract:
The paper presents a study of a highly integrated hydraulic powertrain for mobile working machines. The highlight of this new concept is the replacement of separated drive and working pumps in conventional systems with only one displacement pump. After a comparison of different system architectures, the appropriate operating and control strategies for the chosen topology were applied and optimized. With the help of simulations in AMESim, a proof of the function of the hydraulic circuit and the controlling has been established. In addition, the energy saving potential of the integrated hydraulic system is also considered, by comparing the energy consumption of the new and the
conventional powertrain in different duty cycles.
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Lauer, Peter. "Enabling sil2 safety certified applications for mobile machine oems." Technische Universität Dresden, 2020. https://tud.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A71269.
Full textAbstract:
Eaton created a new safety controller architecture to allow our customers to design implement, verify and maintain a SIL-2 safety certified application for compliance with IEC 61508:2010 and ISO 13849 Functional Safety Standards. The new architecture has been implemented in a line of safety controllers SFX12 and SFX20 that extend the line of existing mobile controllers HFX12 to HFX48. The new controllers are targeted for controlling mobile and stationary machine applications with focus on steer by wire and propel by wire.
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Weber, Jürgen. "Digital mobile machines – from cloud to earth." Technische Universität Dresden, 2020. https://tud.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A71164.
Full textAbstract:
aus dem Text: 'The term „industry 4.0“ describes the transition from a classic value-added chain to dynamic value-added networks. It is driven by four main design principles:
interconnection of machines and humans
information transparency
technical assistance to support humans
decentralized decisions
This approach and its connected technologies, like IoT or cloud computing, enhance in the context of industrial production further flexibility and an increase in productivity through growing self-organisation and interlocking with logistics and planning processes. Extensive activities can be recorded in this field.
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Richartz, Achim. "State of the art digital on-board-electronics vs. potentially disruptive control architectures for hydraulic valves." Technische Universität Dresden, 2020. https://tud.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A71191.
Full textAbstract:
Currently discussed trends and new technologies regarding cloud or edge computing imply that even most recent designs and functionalities of digital on-board-control electronics may be outdated and eventually will totally disappear. Additionally, those new technologies attract potential users by promises like new use cases e.g. predictive maintenance or a simplified architecture and reduced installation efforts. On the other hand, automation levels and subsequent requirements are often mixed up or discussed too generally. Nevertheless, what is the rue situation today and in the upcoming years? This paper elaborates the potentials of both approaches – state of the art on-board-control electronics and potentially disruptive control architectures for hydraulic valves in order to take the right decision and reflect the pros and cons for each topology by:
a) Architecture of automation: In Terms of strongly hierarchical or multidimensional connected systems.
b) Requirement of installation: By reflecting the dedicated ecosystems, on levels like plant, machine, subsystems.
c) Maturity of technology: Looking on the user’s perspective.
d) Safety and security: From legal and conformity aspects.
e) Performance needs by specific task: In comparing standard to demanding real life applications.
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Massarotti, Giorgio, Cristian Ferrari, Esteban Codina Macia, and Massimiliano Ruggeri. "Mems sensors in hydraulics, an opportunity to create smart components." Technische Universität Dresden, 2020. https://tud.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A71238.
Full textAbstract:
Modern electronic technologies allow for the design and production of Micro Electro-Mechanical Systems, also called MEMS. These microchips are widely used as sensors in many fields of application, also in embedded systems in heavy-duty and agricultural vehicles and in automotive applications. In addition to the classic uses of these sensors, new architectures and sensor topologies exploit electromechanical principles of great interest for the field of hydraulic applications. This paper presents some examples of the application of a new MEMS architecture based on self-oscillating microresonators, which offer interesting capabilities in the measurement of mechanical deformation of
mechanical components. MEMS are applied as non-invasive pressure and oil flow sensors, and represent an interesting option for creating smart components. All the applications described are intended to show the sensor potential and have a qualitative and exemplary character, but they can provide a basis for in-depth studies on the potential and applicability of these sensors.
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Kramer, Thomas, and Jürgen Weber. "Self-Sensing position determination on a sensor-designed proportional solenoid." Technische Universität Dresden, 2020. https://tud.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A71245.
Full textAbstract:
Proportional valves are widely used in fluid systems for controlling the volume flow rate or fluid pressure. The actuation of this valves is done by PWM-driven proportional solenoids, which enable self-sensing position determination abilities due to air gap-dependent electrical behaviour, e. g. for condition monitoring or position controlling tasks. However, the sensor properties of conventional proportional solenoids are poor due to ambiguities caused by hysteresis effects (magnetic hysteresis, eddy currents) and saturation effects. Thus, a sensor-designed actuator was developed with very low hysteresis effects and unique position determination by using electrical sheet and a particular air gap design. This paper deals with investigations of a novel self-sensing position determination approach on a demonstrator of the sensor-designed solenoid. The advantage of this method is an online consideration of transient effects such as mean current change and armature motion as well as temperature-dependent resistance. For this, a combined evaluation of the differential inductance and flux linkage during PWM periods is proposed.
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Kreutmayr, Fabian, and Markus Imlauer. "Application of machine learning to improve to performance of a pressure-controlled system." Technische Universität Dresden, 2020. https://tud.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A71076.
Full textAbstract:
Due to the robustness and flexibility of hydraulic components, hydraulic control systems are used in a wide range of applications under various environmental conditions. However, the coverage of this broad field of applications often comes with a loss of performance. Especially when conditions and working points change often, hydraulic control systems cannot work at their optimum. Flexible electronic controllers in combination with techniques from the field of machine learning have the potential to overcome these issues. By applying a reinforcement learning algorithm, this paper examines whether learned controllers can compete with an expert-tuned solution. Thereby, the method is thoroughly validated by using simulations and experiments as well.
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Beckmann, Bastian. "Additive manufacturing of hydraulic manifolds - a holistic approach across the entire value chain." Technische Universität Dresden, 2020. https://tud.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A71083.
Full textAbstract:
Manifolds usually consist of metallic, rectangular base bodies into which lines are inserted by means of drilling, thus logically linking the built-on or built-in valves according to the hydraulic circuit diagram. Using additive manufacturing methods, additional degrees of freedom can be used in the design of manifolds, resulting in further benefit in hydraulic drives and their controls. The challenge is not only to understand and apply additive manufacturing technology, but also to align the entire value chain with it.
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Rexer, Manuel, Peter Kloft, Frank Bauer, Jakob Hartig, and Peter F. Pelz. "Foam accumulators: packaging and weight reduction for mobile applications." Technische Universität Dresden, 2020. https://tud.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A71088.
Full textAbstract:
Standardized parts like hydraulic accumulators are used in nearly every hydraulic system, in many cases even several. Therefore, even small changes in size and weight of accumulators can save considerable material costs. In mobile applications, hydraulic accumulators are used among others in hydro-pneumatic suspension systems. There is a strong focus on miniaturization and weight reduction, as the components always have to be transported with the vehicle. Energy density and energy content of conventional hydraulic accumulators cannot be maximized at the same time. This limitation can be overcome by adding a heat capacity with large surface into the gas volume of the accumulator. The heat capacity enlarges the isothermal frequency range and therefore enlarges the energy density of the accumulator at the given frequency and the given size. In this paper an experimental comparison of conventional hydraulic accumulators and accumulators with foam inserts shows, that at a specific frequency band, the stiffness of foam filled accumulators is significantly lower than of conventional accumulators. The energy density is about 11 % higher than in conventional accumulators. Consequently, a space reduction of about 18 % is possible.
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Kärnell, Samuel, Amy Rankka, Alessandro Dell`Amicio, and Liselott Ericson. "Digital pumps in speed-controlled systems – an energy study for a loader crane application." Technische Universität Dresden, 2020. https://tud.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A71186.
Full textAbstract:
Imagine a system with a pump driven by a speed-controlled electric motor. What and how much can be gained by using a pump with discretely variable displacement instead of a conventional fixed pump in such a system? This question is the focus in this paper, in which a simulation study based on a drive cycle for a loader crane is presented. The results indicate that the system efficiency from inverter input to pump output can increase by a few percentages. This might be considered small in relation to the increasing complexity that comes with discrete displacement. However, the results also show that a system with discrete displacement substantially reduces torque and cooling requirements on the electric motor. The required maximum torque can be reduced by 30 to 50 % and the motor can generate up to 40 % less heat since it can work in more efficient conditions. These potential benefits will be obtained with only a few discrete displacement settings available.
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Hartig, Jakob, Christian Schänzle, and Peter F. Pelz. "Validation of a soft sensor network for condition monitoring in hydraulic systems." Technische Universität Dresden, 2020. https://tud.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A71201.
Full textAbstract:
With increasing digitization, models are more important than ever. Especially their use as soft sensors during operation offers opportunities in cost saving, easy data acquisition and therefore additional functionality of systems. In soft sensor networks there is redundant data acquisition and consequently the occurrence of inconsistent values from different soft sensors is encouraged. The resolution of these data-induced conflicts allows for the detection of changing components characteristics. Hence soft sensor networks can be used to detect wear in system components. In this paper this approach is validated on a test rig. It is found, that the soft sensor network is capable to determine wear and its extent in eccentric screw pumps and valves via data induced conflicts with relatively simple models.