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Journal articles on the topic '14C pulse labeling'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 7 June 2025

Last updated: 2 August 2025

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1

Drechsler-Thielmann, Beate, Dieter Dörnemann, and Horst Senger. "Labeling and Isolation of Hemes from Scenedesmus." Zeitschrift für Naturforschung C 47, no. 1-2 (1992): 33–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/znc-1992-1-207.

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Abstract Protoheme and small quantities of heme a were isolated and purified from the wild type and the developmental mutant, C-2 A′, of Scenedesmus obliquus. In fast growing synchronized WT cells and greening cells of the mutant protoheme could be labeled with [1- 14C]glutamate and [2-14C]glycine. The labeling of heme a was ambiguous and of minor quantity. During rapid chlorophyll biosynthesis the turnover of protoheme was determined by a pulse-chase experiment to have a half-life of 2 h. At the current stage of investigations the question, whether [2-14C]glycine is incorporated into protohem

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2

van der Meer, Marcel T. J., Stefan Schouten, Mary M. Bateson, et al. "Diel Variations in Carbon Metabolism by Green Nonsulfur-Like Bacteria in Alkaline Siliceous Hot Spring Microbial Mats from Yellowstone National Park." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 71, no. 7 (2005): 3978–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.71.7.3978-3986.2005.

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ABSTRACT Green nonsulfur-like bacteria (GNSLB) in hot spring microbial mats are thought to be mainly photoheterotrophic, using cyanobacterial metabolites as carbon sources. However, the stable carbon isotopic composition of typical Chloroflexus and Roseiflexus lipids suggests photoautotrophic metabolism of GNSLB. One possible explanation for this apparent discrepancy might be that GNSLB fix inorganic carbon only during certain times of the day. In order to study temporal variability in carbon metabolism by GNSLB, labeling experiments with [13C]bicarbonate, [14C]bicarbonate, and [13C]acetate we

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3

Xu, J. G., and N. G. Juma. "Carbon kinetics in a Black Chernozem with roots in situ." Canadian Journal of Soil Science 75, no. 3 (1995): 299–305. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/cjss95-043.

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The rates of decomposition of roots and root-derived materials are needed to assess the contribution of these materials to sequestration of organic carbon in soil. The objective of this study was to examine the kinetics of different forms of C in a Black Chernozem, with roots in situ under two barley cultivars, using 14C pulse-labeling and incubation methods. Plants were pulse-labeled (1 d) with 14CO2 25 d after emergence. Shoots were excised, and undisturbed soil cores containing the roots of a single plant were incubated at 20 °C for 80 d. The experiment involved two barley cultivars, with s

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4

Cruz, Nancy F., Keiji Adachi, and Gerald A. Dienel. "Rapid Efflux of Lactate from Cerebral Cortex during K+-Induced Spreading Cortical Depression." Journal of Cerebral Blood Flow & Metabolism 19, no. 4 (1999): 380–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00004647-199904000-00004.

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Rapid transport of lactate from activated brain regions to blood, perhaps reflecting enhanced metabolite trafficking, would prevent local trapping of labeled metabolites of [6-14C]glucose and cause underestimation of calculated CMRglc. Because the identities of glucose metabolites lost from activated structures and major routes of their removal are not known, arteriovenous differences across brains of conscious normoxic rats for derivatives of [6-14C]glucose were determined under steady-state conditions in blood during K+-induced spreading cortical depression. Lactate was identified as the maj

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5

Zamanian, Kazem, Konstantin Pustovoytov, and Yakov Kuzyakov. "Carbon Sources in Fruit Carbonate of Buglossoides arvensis and Consequences for 14C Dating." Radiocarbon 59, no. 1 (2017): 141–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/rdc.2016.123.

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AbstractFruit carbonate of Buglossoides arvensis (syn. Lithospermum arvense) is a valuable dating and paleoenvironmental proxy for late Quaternary deposits and cultural layers because CaCO3 in fruit is assumed to be accumulated from photosynthetic carbon (C). However, considering the uptake of HCO3– by roots from soil solution, the estimated age could be too old depending on the source of HCO3– allocated in fruit carbonate. Until now, no studies have assessed the contributions of photosynthetic and soil C to the fruit carbonate. To evaluate this, the allocation of photo-assimilated carbon and

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6

Sanaullah, Muhammad, Abad Chabbi, Cornelia Rumpel, and Yakov Kuzyakov. "Carbon allocation in grassland communities under drought stress followed by 14C pulse labeling." Soil Biology and Biochemistry 55 (December 2012): 132–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.soilbio.2012.06.004.

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7

Utsab, Thapa, and Adhikari Chettri Deepika. "Case research on the effects of drought on carbon assimilation within the plant-soil system." International Journal of Advance Research in Multidisciplinary 2, no. 4 (2024): 15–24. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13948832.

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Global warming is one of the biggest challenges, the world is facing at the moment and with the current rate of warming, serious consequences to climate have been predicted. Climate change may affect the ecosystem functioning through increased temperatures or changes in precipitation patterns. Water availability is an important driver for various ecosystem processes that may affect the supply of carbon in below-ground pools and alter important ecosystem processes involved in carbon cycling. The objective of this study was to determine the effect of drought stress in the allocation of carbon in

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8

Kuzyakov, Y. "How to link soil C pools with CO<sub>2</sub> fluxes?" Biogeosciences Discussions 8, no. 1 (2011): 1947–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/bgd-8-1947-2011.

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Abstract. Despite the importance of carbon (C) pools and CO2 fluxes in terrestrial ecosystems and especially in soils, as well as many attempts to assign fluxes to specific pools, this challenge remains unsolved. Interestingly, scientists investigating pools are not closely linked with scientists studying fluxes. This mini-review therefore focused on experimental approaches enabling soil C pools to be linked with CO2 flux from the soil. The background, advantages and shortcomings of uncoupled approaches (measuring only pools or fluxes) and of coupled approaches (measuring both pools and fluxes

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9

Kuzyakov, Y. "How to link soil C pools with CO<sub>2</sub> fluxes?" Biogeosciences 8, no. 6 (2011): 1523–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/bg-8-1523-2011.

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Abstract. Despite the importance of carbon (C) pools and CO2 fluxes in terrestrial ecosystems and especially in soils, as well as many attempts to assign fluxes to specific pools, this challenge remains unsolved. Interestingly, scientists investigating pools are not closely linked with scientists studying fluxes. This review therefore focused on experimental approaches enabling soil C pools to be linked with CO2 flux from the soil. The background, advantages and shortcomings of uncoupled approaches (measuring only pools or fluxes) and of coupled approaches (measuring both pools and fluxes) wer

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10

Olsson, I., M. Lantz, AM Persson, and K. Arnljots. "Biosynthesis and processing of lactoferrin in bone marrow cells, a comparison with processing of myeloperoxidase." Blood 71, no. 2 (1988): 441–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v71.2.441.441.

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Abstract The processing and intracellular transport of lactoferrin of the neutrophil specific granules was investigated by biosynthetic labeling with (14C)leucine of bone marrow cells from healthy individuals and patients with chronic myeloid leukemia. Lactoferrin was precipitated with antilactoferrin serum and the immunoprecipitates were analyzed by sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS), polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE) followed by fluorography. In contrast to myeloperoxidase of azurophil granules, lactoferrin was not synthesized as a larger precursor, and it was not found to be phosphorylate

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11

Olsson, I., M. Lantz, AM Persson, and K. Arnljots. "Biosynthesis and processing of lactoferrin in bone marrow cells, a comparison with processing of myeloperoxidase." Blood 71, no. 2 (1988): 441–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v71.2.441.bloodjournal712441.

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The processing and intracellular transport of lactoferrin of the neutrophil specific granules was investigated by biosynthetic labeling with (14C)leucine of bone marrow cells from healthy individuals and patients with chronic myeloid leukemia. Lactoferrin was precipitated with antilactoferrin serum and the immunoprecipitates were analyzed by sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS), polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE) followed by fluorography. In contrast to myeloperoxidase of azurophil granules, lactoferrin was not synthesized as a larger precursor, and it was not found to be phosphorylated. The tr

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12

Lindmark, A., AM Persson, and I. Olsson. "Biosynthesis and processing of cathepsin G and neutrophil elastase in the leukemic myeloid cell line U-937." Blood 76, no. 11 (1990): 2374–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v76.11.2374.2374.

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Abstract The processing of the neutral proteases cathepsin G and neutrophil elastase, normally synthesized in myeloid precursor cells and stored in azurophil granules, were investigated by biosynthetic labeling with 14C- leucine of the monoblastic cell line U-937. The proteases were precipitated with specific antibodies and the immunoprecipitates were analyzed by sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) followed by fluorography. The transfer to lysosomes of newly synthesized proteases was demonstrated in pulse-chase labeling experiments followed by centrifugation of

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Lindmark, A., AM Persson, and I. Olsson. "Biosynthesis and processing of cathepsin G and neutrophil elastase in the leukemic myeloid cell line U-937." Blood 76, no. 11 (1990): 2374–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v76.11.2374.bloodjournal76112374.

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The processing of the neutral proteases cathepsin G and neutrophil elastase, normally synthesized in myeloid precursor cells and stored in azurophil granules, were investigated by biosynthetic labeling with 14C- leucine of the monoblastic cell line U-937. The proteases were precipitated with specific antibodies and the immunoprecipitates were analyzed by sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) followed by fluorography. The transfer to lysosomes of newly synthesized proteases was demonstrated in pulse-chase labeling experiments followed by centrifugation of cell hom

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14

Dorodnikov, M., K. H. Knorr, Y. Kuzyakov, and M. Wilmking. "Contribution of recent plant photosynthates of <i>Eriophorum vaginatum</i> and <i>Scheuchzeria palustris</i> to methanogenesis and CH<sub>4</sub> transport at a boreal mire: a <sup>14</sup>C pulse-labeling study." Biogeosciences Discussions 8, no. 3 (2011): 4359–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/bgd-8-4359-2011.

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Abstract. Contribution of recent photosynthates to methanogenesis and plant-mediated methane (CH4) transport were studied on two dominating vascular plant species – Eriophorum vaginatum and Scheuchzeria palustris – at three microform types (hummocks, lawns and hollows) of a boreal natural minerogenic, oligotrophic fen in Eastern Finland. Measurements of total CH4 flux, isolation of shoots from entire peat and 14C-pulse labeling of mesocosms under controlled conditions allowed estimation of plant-mediated CH4 flux and contribution of recent (14C) photosynthates to total CH4. The obtained result

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15

Marcil, Valérie, Edgard Delvin, Ernest Seidman, et al. "Modulation of lipid synthesis, apolipoprotein biogenesis, and lipoprotein assembly by butyrate." American Journal of Physiology-Gastrointestinal and Liver Physiology 283, no. 2 (2002): G340—G346. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpgi.00440.2001.

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Short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) are potent modulators of the growth, function, and differentiation of intestinal epithelia. In addition, high-fiber diets may protect against the development of atherosclerosis because of their cholesterol-lowering effects due, in large part, to SCFA production, liver sterol metabolism, and bile acid excretion. Although the small gut plays a major role in dietary fat transport and contributes substantially to plasma cholesterol and lipoprotein homeostasis, the impact of SCFAs on intestinal lipid handling remains unknown. In the present study, the modulation of l

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16

Dorodnikov, M., K. H. Knorr, Y. Kuzyakov, and M. Wilmking. "Plant-mediated CH<sub>4</sub> transport and contribution of photosynthates to methanogenesis at a boreal mire: a <sup>14</sup>C pulse-labeling study." Biogeosciences 8, no. 8 (2011): 2365–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/bg-8-2365-2011.

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Abstract. Plant-mediated methane (CH4) transport and the contribution of recent photosynthates to methanogenesis were studied on two dominating vascular plant species – Eriophorum vaginatum and Scheuchzeria palustris – at three types of microrelief forms (hummocks – E. hummocks, lawns – E. lawns and hollows – S. hollows) of a boreal natural minerogenic, oligotrophic fen in Eastern Finland. 14C-pulse labeling of mesocosms with shoots isolated from entire belowground peat under controlled conditions allowed estimation of plant-mediated CH4 flux and contribution of recent (14C) photosynthates to

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17

Alonso, Ana Paula, Hélène Vigeolas, Philippe Raymond, Dominique Rolin, and Martine Dieuaide-Noubhani. "A New Substrate Cycle in Plants. Evidence for a High Glucose-Phosphate-to-Glucose Turnover from in Vivo Steady-State and Pulse-Labeling Experiments with [13C]Glucose and [14C]Glucose." Plant Physiology 138, no. 4 (2005): 2220–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1104/pp.105.062083.

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18

Wan, J. M., F. Fogt, B. R. Bistrian, and N. W. Istfan. "Evaluation of antitumor effect of tumor necrosis factor in terms of protein metabolism and cell cycle kinetics." American Journal of Physiology-Cell Physiology 265, no. 2 (1993): C365—C374. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpcell.1993.265.2.c365.

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To determine the significance of protein breakdown in regulating tumor growth and to better understand the antitumor mechanism of tumor necrosis factor in vivo, we measured the effects of a 6-h constant intravenous infusion of human recombinant tumor necrosis factor-alpha (rHuTNF) on tumor protein metabolism and cell cycle kinetics in rats bearing the Walker-256 carcinosarcoma. Protein metabolism was investigated with the use of [14C]leucine infusion; estimates of tumor cell cycle kinetics were obtained in vivo by use of 5-bromo-2'-deoxyuridine (BrdUrd) pulse labeling and bivariate BrdUrd/DNA

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19

Bowles, D. J., S. E. Marcus, D. J. Pappin, et al. "Posttranslational processing of concanavalin A precursors in jackbean cotyledons." Journal of Cell Biology 102, no. 4 (1986): 1284–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1083/jcb.102.4.1284.

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Metabolic labeling of immature jackbean cotyledons with 14C-amino acids was used to determine the processing steps involved in the assembly of concanavalin A. Pulse-chase experiments and analyses of immunoprecipitated lectin forms indicated a complex series of events involving seven distinct species. The structural relatedness of all of the intermediate species was confirmed by two-dimensional mapping of 125I-tryptic peptides. An initial glycosylated precursor was deglycosylated and cleaved into smaller polypeptides, which subsequently reannealed over a period of 10-27 h. NH2-terminal sequenci

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20

Fonteh, A. N., and F. H. Chilton. "Rapid remodeling of arachidonate from phosphatidylcholine to phosphatidylethanolamine pools during mast cell activation." Journal of Immunology 148, no. 6 (1992): 1784–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.148.6.1784.

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Abstract The objective of the present study was to better understand the remodeling of arachidonic acid (AA) in phospholipids of the mouse bone marrow-derived mast cell (BMMC) during Ag and ionophore A23187 activation. Initial studies were designed to understand the movement of AA in phospholipid classes under resting conditions. BMMC pulse labeled with AA incorporated greater than 95% of the label into the major phospholipid classes. Phosphatidylcholine (PC) subclasses, 1-acyl-2-arachidonoyl-(sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (GPC)) in particular, initially accounted for most of the label incorpora

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Leake, J. R., D. P. Donnelly, E. M. Saunders, L. Boddy, and D. J. Read. "Rates and quantities of carbon flux to ectomycorrhizal mycelium following 14C pulse labeling of Pinus sylvestris seedlings: effects of litter patches and interaction with a wood-decomposer fungus." Tree Physiology 21, no. 2-3 (2001): 71–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/treephys/21.2-3.71.

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22

Gudynaite-Savitch, Loreta, Christelle Loiselay, Leonid V. Savitch, et al. "The small domain of cytochromeffrom the psychrophileChlamydomonas raudensisUWO 241 modulates the apparent molecular mass and decreases the accumulation of cytochromefin the mesophileChlamydomonas reinhardtii." Biochemistry and Cell Biology 85, no. 5 (2007): 616–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/o07-066.

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Cytochrome f from the psychrophile Chlamydomonas raudensis UWO 241 has a lower thermostability of its c-type heme and an apparent molecular mass that is 7 kDa lower than that of the model mesophilic green alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. We combined chloroplast transformation, site-directed mutagensis, and the creation of chimeric fusion constructs to assess the contribution of specific domains and (or) amino acids residues to the structure, stability, and accumulation of cytochrome f, as well as its function in photosynthetic intersystem electron transport. We demonstrate that differences in t

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Yeh, K. Y., M. Yeh, and P. R. Holt. "Differential effects of thyroxine and cortisone on jejunal sucrase expression in suckling rats." American Journal of Physiology-Gastrointestinal and Liver Physiology 256, no. 3 (1989): G604—G612. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpgi.1989.256.3.g604.

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Effects of thyroxine (T4) and cortisone (C) on developmental expression of jejunal immunoreactive sucrase-isomaltase (S-I) and sucrase activity in suckling rats were studied to determine whether these hormones have distinctive actions. Immunoreactive S-I and sucrase activity were absent in infant rats and appeared simultaneously on days 16-18, when cells expressing S-I protein were detected at the villus base. By day 22, the entire jejunal mucosal surface was covered by new cells expressing immunoreactive S-I. Jejunal S-I content surged to adult levels on day 22, whereas the sucrase activity o

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Mottola-Hartshorn, C., P. Lorenzoni, and C. Ceccarini. "Biosynthesis and glycosylation of the carcinoembryonic antigen." Biochemical Journal 255, no. 3 (1988): 943–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bj2550943.

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Human gastric adenocarcinoma MKN-45 cells were found to synthesize actively carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA). The biosynthesis and carbohydrate processing of CEA were studied in these cells by means of metabolic labelling followed by immunoadsorption with a specific polyclonal-antibody preparation and gel electrophoresis. Pulse-chase studies with [14C]leucine and [3H]mannose (shortest pulse 3 min) showed that N-linked oligosaccharide side chains are added to the protein co-translationally, producing a high-mannose immature CEA; the average molecular mass of this form is 145 kDa. The protein is l

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25

THOMPSON, E. James, C. Rachel SMITH, and C. Stephen FRY. "Xyloglucan undergoes interpolymeric transglycosylation during binding to the plant cell wall in vivo: evidence from 13C/3H dual labelling and isopycnic centrifugation in caesium trifluoroacetate." Biochemical Journal 327, no. 3 (1997): 699–708. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bj3270699.

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Xyloglucan from the walls of Rosa cells that had been cultured on [12C]- or [13C]-glucose formed bands in caesium trifluoroacetate with mean buoyant densities of 1.575 or 1.616 g/ml respectively. Incubation of a mixture of [13C,3H]xyloglucan and [12C,1H]xyloglucan in the presence of xyloglucan endotransglycosylase (XET) activity caused the mean buoyant density of the radioactive material to decrease, indicating that interpolymeric transglycosylation could be detected in vitro. We used two 13C/3H-dual-labelling protocols to look for interpolymeric transglycosylation in vivo. In protocol A, [13C

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Duangngam, Ornuma, Jate Sathornkich, Philippe Thaler, et al. "Measuring Photosynthesis of Entire Tree Crowns and Pulse Label Trees in Large Closed Chamber with 13CO2 in the Field: Design and Testing." Trends in Sciences 20, no. 12 (2023): 6926. http://dx.doi.org/10.48048/tis.2023.6926.

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Measuring the photosynthesis of entire tree crowns and pulse labelling trees with 13CO2 are valuable approaches to study carbon acquisition, transfer, and allocation; however, it is challenging for trees in the field. The objective was to develop and field test large chambers (35 - 45 m3) that enclosed the entire crown of a tree, provided a reliable estimate of tree crown photosynthesis, and ensured efficient 13CO2 labelling. The chambers, made of transparent polyethylene film pulled tightly over a frame, were equipped with an air conditioner, fans, and air blowers. Air temperature, relative h

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Denef, K., H. Bubenheim, K. Lenhart, et al. "Community shifts and carbon translocation within metabolically-active rhizosphere microorganisms in grasslands under elevated CO<sub>2</sub>." Biogeosciences 4, no. 5 (2007): 769–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/bg-4-769-2007.

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Abstract. The aim of this study was to identify the microbial communities that are actively involved in the assimilation of rhizosphere-C and are most sensitive in their activity to elevated atmospheric CO2 in a temperate semi-natural low-input grassland ecosystem. For this, we analyzed 13C signatures in microbial biomarker phospholipid fatty acids (PLFA) from an in-situ 13CO2 pulse-labeling experiment in the Giessen Free Air Carbon dioxide Enrichment grasslands (GiFACE, Germany) exposed to ambient and elevated (i.e. 50% above ambient) CO2 concentrations. Short-term 13C PLFA measurements at 3

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Studer, M. S., R. T. W. Siegwolf, and S. Abiven. "Carbon transfer, partitioning and residence time in the plant-soil system: a comparison of two <sup>13</sup>CO<sub>2</sub> labelling techniques." Biogeosciences 11, no. 6 (2014): 1637–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/bg-11-1637-2014.

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Abstract. Various 13CO2 labelling approaches exist to trace carbon (C) dynamics in plant-soil systems. However, it is not clear if the different approaches yield the same results. Moreover, there is no consistent way of data analysis to date. In this study we compare with the same experimental setup the two main techniques: pulse and continuous labelling. We evaluate how these techniques perform to estimate the C transfer time, the C partitioning along time and the C residence time in different plant-soil compartments. We used identical plant-soil systems (Populus deltoides × nigra, Cambisol s

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Studer, M. S., R. T. W. Siegwolf, and S. Abiven. "Carbon transfer, partitioning and residence time in the plant-soil system: a comparison of two <sup>13</sup>CO<sub>2</sub> labelling techniques." Biogeosciences Discussions 10, no. 10 (2013): 16237–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/bgd-10-16237-2013.

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Abstract. Various 13CO2 labelling approaches exist to trace carbon (C) dynamics in plant-soil systems. However, it is not clear if the different approaches yield the same results. Moreover, there is no consistent way of data analysis to date. In this study we compare with the same experimental setup the two main techniques: the pulse and the continuous labelling. We evaluate how these techniques perform to estimate the C transfer velocity, the C partitioning along time and the C residence time in different plant-soil compartments. We used identical plant-soil systems (Populus deltoides x nigra

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David, P. H., D. E. Hudson, T. J. Hadley, F. W. Klotz, and L. H. Miller. "Immunization of monkeys with a 140 kilodalton merozoite surface protein of Plasmodium knowlesi malaria: appearance of alternate forms of this protein." Journal of Immunology 134, no. 6 (1985): 4146–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.134.6.4146.

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Abstract The merozoite is the invasive stage of the malaria parasite which is released by rupture of the schizont-infected erythrocyte. A monoclonal antibody against a 140 kilodalton (kDa) merozoite surface antigen of Plasmodium knowlesi was used to characterize and to purify this antigen. It was shown by pulse-chase metabolic labeling of mature schizonts that the 140 kDa merozoite antigen was the processed product of a 143 kDa schizont component, and that processing occurred at the time of erythrocyte rupture. Antiserum, prepared by immunizing a rabbit with the 143/140 kDa antigen purified by

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Bismut, H., M. Caron, C. Coudray-Lucas, and J. Capeau. "Glucose contribution to nucleic acid base synthesis in proliferating hepatoma cells: a glycine-biosynthesis-mediated pathway." Biochemical Journal 308, no. 3 (1995): 761–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bj3080761.

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The coupling of glycolysis to serine and glycine metabolism was studied in fast-growing Zajdela hepatoma cultured cells. During the exponential phase of growth, occurring between 12 and 72 h, cells exhibited a decreased glycogen content together with a high glycolytic activity. Glycogen labelling, evaluated by 1 h-pulse experiments with [U-14C]glucose (5.5 mM), was minimal during the first 48 h and increased 2.5-fold at 72 h and 8-fold at 96 h, at which times it was also stimulated 2-fold by 10 nM insulin. [U-14C]Glucose carbons were incorporated into nucleic acid bases, with maximal incorpora

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Zou, J., L. Zhao, S. Xu, et al. "Livestock exclosure with consequent vegetation changes alters photo-assimilated carbon cycling in a <i>Kobresia</i> meadow." Biogeosciences Discussions 10, no. 11 (2013): 17633–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/bgd-10-17633-2013.

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Abstract. Livestock exclosure has been widely used as an approach for grassland restoration. However, the effects of exclosure on grassland are controversial and can depend on many factors, such as the grassland ecosystem types, evolutionary history and so on. In this study, we conduct field experiments to investigate the variations of ecosystem function in response to livestock exclosure in a Kobresia humilis meadow under six years grazing exclosure on the Qinghai-Tibetan plateau. We focused on two ecosystem functions: plant community structure and ecosystem carbon cycling. The plant abovegro

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Page, A. P., and R. M. Maizels. "Biosynthesis and glycosylation of serine/threonine-rich secreted proteins from Toxocara canis larvae." Parasitology 105, no. 2 (1992): 297–308. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0031182000074229.

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SUMMARYToxocara canis infective stage larvae continually produce excretory–secretory (TES) glycoproteins in long-term in vitro culture. The kinetics of synthesis and secretion were studied by metabolic labelling with radioactive [35S]methionine, [14C]serine and [14C]threonine. Maximal incorporation rates required overnight pre-incubation of parasites in medium depleted of the appropriate amino acid. Larvae rapidly incorporated isotope into their somatic tissues, but there was a minimum delay of 10 h before secretion of labelled antigens. Labelling with [14C]serine and [14C]threonine demonstrat

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Zou, J., L. Zhao, S. Xu, et al. "Field <sup>13</sup>CO<sub>2</sub> pulse labeling reveals differential partitioning patterns of photoassimilated carbon in response to livestock exclosure in a <i>Kobresia</i> meadow." Biogeosciences 11, no. 16 (2014): 4381–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/bg-11-4381-2014.

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Abstract. Livestock exclosure has been widely used as an approach for grassland restoration. However, the effects of exclosures on grasslands are controversial and can depend on many factors, such as the grassland ecosystem types, evolutionary history and so on. In this study, we conduct field experiments to investigate the variations of the ecosystem function in response to livestock exclosure in a Kobresia humilis meadow with 6 years of grazing exclosure on the Qinghai–Tibetan Plateau. We focused on two ecosystem functions: plant community structure and ecosystem carbon cycling. The plant ab

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Roper, M. M., I. R. P. Fillery, R. Jongepier, et al. "Allocation into soil organic matter fractions of 14C captured via photosynthesis by two perennial grass pastures." Soil Research 51, no. 8 (2013): 748. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sr12375.

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Perennial grass pastures are being increasingly adopted, but little is known about the flows of carbon (C) from photosynthesis into soil organic matter (SOM) that could be used for calculations in carbon accounting. Repeat-pulse labelling of perennial grass pastures (kikuyu and Rhodes grass) with 14C in the field in Western Australia was used to trace the allocation of C to SOM fractions and to determine the stability of each fraction over an extended period. For kikuyu, >40% of the 14C fed to the plants was allocated belowground within 10 days of labelling, and after 1 year half of this re

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Butler, Jessica L., Mark A. Williams, Peter J. Bottomley, and David D. Myrold. "Microbial Community Dynamics Associated with Rhizosphere Carbon Flow." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 69, no. 11 (2003): 6793–800. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.69.11.6793-6800.2003.

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ABSTRACT Root-deposited photosynthate (rhizodeposition) is an important source of readily available carbon (C) for microbes in the vicinity of growing roots. Plant nutrient availability is controlled, to a large extent, by the cycling of this and other organic materials through the soil microbial community. Currently, our understanding of microbial community dynamics associated with rhizodeposition is limited. We used a 13C pulse-chase labeling procedure to examine the incorporation of rhizodeposition into individual phospholipid fatty acids (PLFAs) in the bulk and rhizosphere soils of greenho

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Hemmerling, Christin, Zhipeng Li, Lingling Shi, Johanna Pausch, and Liliane Ruess. "Flux of Root-Derived Carbon into the Nematode Micro-Food Web: A Comparison of Grassland and Agroforest." Agronomy 12, no. 4 (2022): 976. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy12040976.

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Carbon (C) cycling is crucial to agroecosystem functioning. Important determinants for the belowground C flow are soil food webs, with microorganisms and microfaunal grazers, i.e., nematodes, as key biota. The present study investigates the incorporation of plant-derived C into the nematode micro-food web under two different cropping systems, grassland (ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.) and white clover (Trifolium repens L.)) and agroforest (willow (Salix schwerinii Wolf and Salix viminalis L)). To quantify the C flux from the plant into the soil micro-food web, grass and willow were pulse-labeled

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Denef, K., H. Bubenheim, K. Lenhart, et al. "Community shifts and carbon translocation within metabolically-active rhizosphere microorganisms in grasslands under elevated CO<sub>2</sub>." Biogeosciences Discussions 4, no. 3 (2007): 1437–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/bgd-4-1437-2007.

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Abstract. The aim of this study was to identify the microbial communities that are actively involved in the assimilation of rhizosphere-C and are most sensitive in their activity to elevated atmospheric CO2 in grassland ecosystems. For this, we analyzed 13C signatures in microbial biomarker phospholipid fatty acids (PLFA) from an in situ 13CO2 pulse-labeling experiment in the Gießen Free-Air Carbon dioxide Enrichment grasslands (GiFACE, Germany) exposed to ambient and elevated (i.e. 50% above ambient) CO2 concentrations. Carbon-13 PLFA measurements at 3 h, 10 h and 11 months after the pulse-la

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Cocuron, Jean-Christophe, Zacchary Ross, and Ana P. Alonso. "Liquid Chromatography Tandem Mass Spectrometry Quantification of 13C-Labeling in Sugars." Metabolites 10, no. 1 (2020): 30. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/metabo10010030.

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Subcellular compartmentation has been challenging in plant 13C-metabolic flux analysis. Indeed, plant cells are highly compartmented: they contain vacuoles and plastids in addition to the regular organelles found in other eukaryotes. The distinction of reactions between compartments is possible when metabolites are synthesized in a particular compartment or by a unique pathway. Sucrose is an example of such a metabolite: it is specifically produced in the cytosol from glucose 6-phosphate (G6P) and fructose 6-phosphate (F6P). Therefore, determining the 13C-labeling in the fructosyl and glucosyl

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Górski, P. M., T. E. Vickstrom, M. L. Pierce, and M. Essenberg. "A 13C-Pulse-labeling study of phytoalexin biosynthesis in hypersensitively responding cotton cotyledons." Physiological and Molecular Plant Pathology 47, no. 5 (1995): 339–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/pmpp.1995.1063.

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Rambal, Corinne, Christiane Pachiaudi, Sylvie Normand, Jean-Paul Riou, Pierre Louisot, and Ambroise Martin. "Effects of specific dietary sugars on the incorporation of 13C label from dietary glucose into neutral sugars of rat intestine and serum glycoproteins." British Journal of Nutrition 73, no. 3 (1995): 443–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/bjn19950046.

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Although theoretically all glycoprotein sugars can be derived from glucose, it may be hypothesized that specific dietary sugars could be preferential substrates for glycoprotein synthesis. To test this hypothesis, groups of rats received either continuously (continuous-labelling experiment) or for a single nutritional period (pulse-labelling experiment) a 13C-rich diet containing either maize starch or artificially labelled [13C]glucose. Some groups of rats were also provided during a single nutritional period with low amounts (20–200 mg/animal) of low-13C dietary sugars (mannose, galactose, f

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Bhupinderpal-Singh, M. J. Hedley, and S. Saggar. "In situ dynamics of recently allocated 14C in pasture soil and soil solution collected with Rhizon Soil Moisture Samplers." Soil Research 43, no. 5 (2005): 659. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sr04107.

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Information on the dynamics of recently photo-assimilated carbon (C) allocated to roots and root-derived exudates in soils is scarce and experimentally difficult to obtain. We used Rhizon Soil Moisture SamplersTM (RSMS) placed at different depths in soil (20, 40, 80, 120 mm) to monitor short-term dynamics of root and root-derived C at the root–soil interface after 14CO2 pulse-labelling of pasture cores. At the 20 mm depth, 14C activity in soil solution peaked within 2 h of 14CO2 application. The peak of 14C activity took longer to appear and slower to disappear with increased depth. Negligible

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Olsrud, Maria, and Torben R. Christensen. "Carbon cycling in subarctic tundra; seasonal variation in ecosystem partitioning based on in situ 14C pulse-labelling." Soil Biology and Biochemistry 36, no. 2 (2004): 245–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.soilbio.2003.08.026.

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Swinnen, J., J. A. Van Veen, and R. Merckx. "Rhizosphere carbon fluxes in field-grown spring wheat: Model calculations based on 14C partitioning after pulse-labelling." Soil Biology and Biochemistry 26, no. 2 (1994): 171–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0038-0717(94)90160-0.

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Mannerheim, Neringa, Carola H. Blessing, Israel Oren, José M. Grünzweig, Christoph Bachofen, and Nina Buchmann. "Carbon allocation to the root system of tropical tree Ceiba pentandra using 13C pulse labelling in an aeroponic facility." Tree Physiology 40, no. 3 (2020): 350–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/treephys/tpz142.

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Abstract Despite the important role of tropical forest ecosystems in the uptake and storage of atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2), the carbon (C) dynamics of tropical tree species remains poorly understood, especially regarding belowground roots. This study assessed the allocation of newly assimilated C in the fast-growing pioneer tropical tree species Ceiba pentandra (L.), with a special focus on different root categories. During a 5-day pulse-labelling experiment, 9-month-old (~3.5-m-tall) saplings were labelled with 13CO2 in a large-scale aeroponic facility, which allowed tracing the label in

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Wang, Chen, Rong Xiao, Yuan Cui, et al. "Photosynthate-13C allocation in the plant-soil system after 13C–pulse labeling of Phragmites australis in different salt marshes." Geoderma 347 (August 2019): 252–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.geoderma.2019.03.045.

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Yevdokimov, I. V., R. Ruser, F. Buegger, M. Marx, and J. C. Munch. "Interaction between rhizosphere microorganisms and plant roots: 13C fluxes in the rhizosphere after pulse labeling." Eurasian Soil Science 40, no. 7 (2007): 766–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/s1064229307070095.

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Olsrud, Maria, and Torben R. Christensen. "Carbon partitioning in a wet and a semiwet subarctic mire ecosystem based on in situ 14C pulse-labelling." Soil Biology and Biochemistry 43, no. 2 (2011): 231–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.soilbio.2010.09.034.

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Swinnen, J., J. A. Van Veen, and R. Merckx. "14C pulse-labelling of field-grown spring wheat: An evaluation of its use in rhizosphere carbon budget estimations." Soil Biology and Biochemistry 26, no. 2 (1994): 161–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0038-0717(94)90159-7.

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Saggar, S., A. D. Mackay, and C. B. Hedley. "Hill slope effects on the vertical fluxes of photosynthetically fixed 14C in a grazed pasture." Soil Research 37, no. 4 (1999): 655. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sr98114.

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New Zealand hill-country farms consist of an amalgamation of land units in different slope and aspect categories, each with unique production potentials. Information on the influence these slope categories have on carbon (C) partitioning is imperative for more accurate and complete understanding of C inputs and fluxes through a grazed hill pasture ecosystem. The effects of 3 slope categories [representing 1–12°, 13–25°, and ≥26° microtopographical units corresponding to low (L), medium (M), and steep (S) slopes] on the vertical translocation of photosynthetically fixed C was studied by using a

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