Academic literature on the topic '#150 Atlantic forest'
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Journal articles on the topic "#150 Atlantic forest"
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Mello-Silva, Renato, and Jenifer De Carvalho Lopes. "Xylopia atlantica (Annonaceae), new species from the coastal forest of Bahia, Brazil." Phytotaxa 188, no. 1 (December 9, 2014): 28. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.188.1.5.
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Xylopia atlantica, a new and endemic species from the atlantic forest of Bahia, Brazil, is described and illustrated. It is only know from a 150 km long stretch of land from Valença to Uruçuca, in central Bahian coast. The species has leaves up to 41 cm long, bigger than those from any other Brazilian Xylopia. Xylopia atlantica shares with X. decorticans and X. ochrantha cauli and ramiflorous inflorescences. It differs from the former by the non-exfoliating bark, and from the latter by the indument of the monocarps, sparsely yellow-tomentose versus densely golden-tomentose, in X. ochrantha. Although X. atlantica has been collected since relatively long ago, flowering individuals have never been encountered.
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Castro, E. R., M. Galetti, and L. P. C. Morellato. "Reproductive phenology of Euterpe edulis (Arecaceae) along a gradient in the Atlantic rainforest of Brazil." Australian Journal of Botany 55, no. 7 (2007): 725. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/bt07029.
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The palm Euterpe edulis Mart. is one of the dominant tree species in the Atlantic rainforest and considered a key resource for many frugivorous birds. We compared the reproductive phenology of E. edulis in three types of Atlantic rainforest (two lowland forests, restinga and coastal-plain, and a premontane forest) on Cardoso Island (Cananéia, São Paulo, Brazil), aiming to answer the following questions: (i) whether the reproduction of E. edulis is annual and seasonal across the years in the three forest types studied; (ii) what are the environmental factors influencing the reproductive phenology of E. edulis; and (iii) how does the timing of fruiting and fruit production of E. edulis vary among the three forest types? We evaluated the presence of flowers and fruits (immature, unripe and ripe) from August 2001 to July 2004 in 150 individuals (50 per forest), and estimated the number of infructescences with ripe fruits and the production of fruits and seeds by collecting them on the forest floor in the three forest types. Flowering and fruiting of E. edulis were annual and significantly seasonal in the three forest types, with a high synchrony of flowering and medium to low synchrony of fruiting. Flowering peaked in November and December, and immature and unripe fruits peaked in January and March, all during the rainy season. Immature and unripe fruit phases were correlated with the daylength, precipitation and temperature, important factors for fruits development. Ripe fruits peaked in April and May, in the less rainy season, with significant differences in the mean dates among forests. The number of infructescences with ripe fruits and the biomass of fruits and seeds collected on the ground also differed significantly among the forest types, being greater in the restinga and coastal-plain forests, respectively. Differences in productivity were related to palm density in each area and the soil fertility. The complementary fruiting pattern of E. edulis in the forests studied may affect the distribution and abundance of certain frugivorous bird species that feed on their fruits.
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Silva, William Goulart da, Jean Paul Metzger, Luis Carlos Bernacci, Eduardo Luís Martins Catharino, Giselda Durigan, and Sílvio Simões. "Relief influence on tree species richness in secondary forest fragments of Atlantic Forest, SE, Brazil." Acta Botanica Brasilica 22, no. 2 (June 2008): 589–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0102-33062008000200026.
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The aim of this work was to explore the relationship between tree species richness and morphological characteristics of relief at the Ibiúna Plateau (SE Brazil). We sampled 61 plots of 0.30 ha, systematically established in 20 fragments of secondary forest (2-274 ha) and in three areas within a continuous secondary forest site, Morro Grande Reserve (9,400 ha). At each plot, 100 trees with diameter at breast height > 5 cm were sampled by the point centered quarter method, and total richness and richness per dispersal and succession class were obtained. The relief was characterized by the mean and variance of slope, elevation, aspect and slope location. There was no significant relationship between relief heterogeneity and tree species richness. Relief parameters generally did not affect tree richness, but elevation was particularly important especially in the continuous forest. Despite the limited range of altitudinal variation (150 m), species richness increases with elevation. The highest areas were also those with the largest forest cover and the lowest disturbance degree, which should contribute to the greater richness of those sites. Our results suggest an indirect influence of relief, due to the fact that deforestation is less intense in higher regions, rather than a direct influence of abiotic factors related to the altitudinal gradient.
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Schieder, Nathalie W., and Matthew L. Kirwan. "Sea-level driven acceleration in coastal forest retreat." Geology 47, no. 12 (October 2, 2019): 1151–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/g46607.1.
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Abstract Ghost forests, consisting of dead trees adjacent to marshes, are a striking feature of low-lying coastal and estuarine landscapes, and they represent the migration of coastal ecosystems with relative sea-level rise (RSLR). Although ghost forests have been observed along many coastal margins, rates of ecosystem change and their dependence on RSLR remain poorly constrained. Here, we reconstructed forest retreat rates using sediment coring and historical imagery at five sites along the Mid-Atlantic coast of the United States, a hotspot for accelerated RSLR. We found that the elevation of the marsh-forest boundary generally increased with RSLR over the past 2000 yr, and that retreat accelerated concurrently with the late 19th century acceleration in global sea level. Lateral retreat rates increased through time for most sampling intervals over the past 150 yr, and modern lateral retreat rates are 2 to 14 times faster than pre-industrial rates at all sites. Substantial deviations between RSLR and forest response are consistent with previous observations that episodic disturbance facilitates the mortality of adult trees. Nevertheless, our work suggests that RSLR is the primary determinant of coastal forest extent, and that ghost forests represent a direct and prominent visual indicator of climate change.
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Albuquerque, Hermano Gomes, Paula Ferreira Martins, Flávia Soares Pessôa, Thiago Carvalho Modesto, Júlia Lins Luz, Daniel S. L. Raíces, Natalia Carneiro Ardente, et al. "Mammals of a forest fragment in Cambuci municipality, state of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil." Check List 9, no. 6 (November 1, 2013): 1505. http://dx.doi.org/10.15560/9.6.1505.
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The Atlantic Forest is considered a hotspot due to its current state of vast degradation and high indexes of biodiversity. This biome has been degraded through the years by processes resulting from the Brazilian socioeconomic model of development. The seasonal semi-deciduous Atlantic Forest is a poorly studied phytophysiognomy specially degraded by human activities in the state of Rio de Janeiro. In the present study we report the results of a rapid mammalian inventory conducted in the municipality of Cambuci, in a fragment of seasonal semi-deciduous forest. We used live traps and pitfall traps to capture non-volant small mammals, and mist-nets of different lengths to collect bats. To sample medium and large-sized mammals we used camera traps. We recorded 27 mammal species in the region, of which 16 are volant mammals. We emphasize the distribution extension of Trinomys setosus in 150 km (that enabled its insertion in the species list of Rio de Janeiro) and the capture of Lonchophylla peracchii, a recently described species apparently restricted to Atlantic Forest. Both facts show the importance of the fragment for the region biodiversity.
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Vila-Verde, Gabriel, and Márlon Paluch. "Butterflies (Lepidoptera: Papilionoidea) from a Fragment of Atlantic Forest in the Southern Bahia State." EntomoBrasilis 13 (August 23, 2020): e905. http://dx.doi.org/10.12741/ebrasilis.v13.e905.
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The Atlantic Forest of southern Bahia comprises a zone of high levels of biodiversity and endemism of plants, vertebrates and insects. However, there are still several gaps on the knowledge of the local Lepidoptera diversity. The objective of this study was to conduct an inventory of butterflies in a fragment of the Atlantic Forest in Porto Seguro, Bahia, Brazil to provide information on species richness. Butterflies were sampled with insect net from March 2018 to March 2019, and November 2019 to February 2020, totaling 150 h of sampling effort. Additionally, we used Van Someren-Rydon traps for collecting frugivorous butterflies in September 2018 and February 2019 representing 1,080 trap-hours. A total of 228 butterfly species were recorded. Hesperiidae (86 spp.) and Nymphalidae (77 spp.) were the most representative families, followed by Riodinidae (32 spp.), Lycaenidae (21 spp.), Pieridae (10 spp.) and Papilionidae (2 spp.). The local butterfly fauna is composed of species found in open or disturbed forest edges, and secondary vegetation. Most of the sampled species is broadly distributed in Brazil Morpho menelaus coeruleus (Perry, 1810) (Nymphalidae), Jemadia hospita hephaestos (Plötz, 1879) (Hesperiidae) and several species of Lycaenidae and Riodinidae represents a new record for northeastern Brazil.
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Tavares, Davi Castro, Leandro Freitas, and Maria Cristina Gaglianone. "Nectar volume is positively correlated with flower size in hummingbird-visited flowers in the Brazilian Atlantic Forest." Journal of Tropical Ecology 32, no. 4 (June 3, 2016): 335–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0266467416000250.
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Abstract:We studied the relationship between flower size and nectar properties of hummingbird-visited flowers in the Brazilian Atlantic Forest. We analysed the nectar volume and concentration as a function of corolla length and the average bill size of visitors for 150 plant species, using the phylogenetic generalized least squares (PGLS) to control for phylogenetic signals in the data. We found that nectar volume is positively correlated with corolla length due to phylogenetic allometry. We also demonstrated that larger flowers provide better rewards for long-billed hummingbirds. Regardless of the causal mechanisms, our results support the hypothesis that morphological floral traits that drive partitioning among hummingbirds correspond to the quantity of resources produced by the flowers in the Atlantic Forest. We demonstrate that the relationship between nectar properties and flower size is affected by phylogenetic constraints and thus future studies assessing the interaction between floral traits need to control for phylogenetic signals in the data.
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Tauk-Tornisiel, S. M., M. C. Vallejo, and J. C. Govone. "BIOMASSES AND XYLANASE PRODUCTION BY STRAINS OF PENICILLIUM ISOLATED FROM BRAZILIAN ATLANTIC FOREST." Arquivos do Instituto Biológico 76, no. 3 (September 2009): 359–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1808-1657v76p3592009.
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ABSTRACT Six Penicillium strains were isolated from soil at a depth of 0 15 cm in the Juréia-Itatins Ecology Station (JIES), in the São Paulo State, Brazil. They were evaluated for xylanase production under different temperatures and carbon sources. The best carbon source and temperature were first determined in an automated Bioscreen C system, verifying the growth of microorganisms. Liquid media containing tap water with 2% carbohydrate and/or 1% nitrogen sources were used. Afterwards, Penicillium citrinum, P. fellutanum, P. rugulosum and P. decumbens were cultivated in 250 mL Erlenmeyer flasks with 50 mL of culture medium containing tap water sole 2% carbon source (fructose, glucose, mannitol, sucrose or xylose) and 1% yeast extract as a nitrogen source at pH 5.0 and 28o C, with agitation of 150 rpm for 72 hours. These same strains, except P. decumbens, and P. purpurogenum were cultivated in solid substrate with wheat bran under the same environmental conditions to study the potential of xylanase activity. Maximum xylanase activity was observed in cultures with wheat bran, without the addition of any other carbon source, using inocula containing 1 x 107 spores.mL-1 (28o C, pH 5.0, 72 h). It can be concluded that P. fellutanum and P. citrinumare a good xylanase producers under the conditions of 28º C. The results of xylanase activity were 54% less at 28º C in liquid cultures media cultures than in solid substrate.
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Ferreira, Maurício Lamano, Jaqueline Luana Silva, Edna Elisa Pereira, and Ana Paula do Nascimento Lamano-Ferreira. "Litter fall production and decomposition in a fragment of secondary Atlantic Forest of São Paulo, sp, southeastern Brazil." Revista Árvore 38, no. 4 (August 2014): 591–600. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0100-67622014000400002.
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Litter fall consists of all organic material deposited on the forest floor, being of extremely important for the structure and maintenance of the ecosystem through nutrient cycling. This study aimed to evaluate the production and decomposition of litter fall in a secondary Atlantic forest fragment of secondary Atlantic Forest, at the Guarapiranga Ecological Park, in São Paulo, SP. The litter samples were taken monthly from May 2012 to May 2013. To assess the contribution of litter fall forty collectors were installed randomly within an area of 0.5 ha. The collected material was sent to the laboratory to be dried at 65 °C for 72 hours, being subsequently separated into fractions of leaves, twigs, reproductive parts and miscellaneous, and weighed to obtain the dry biomass. Litterbags were placed and tied close to the collectors to estimate the decomposition rate in order to evaluate the loss of dry biomass at 30, 60, 90, 120 and 150 days. After collection, the material was sent to the laboratory to be dried and weighed again. Total litter fall throughout the year reached 5.7 Mg.ha-1.yr-1 and the major amount of the material was collected from September till March. Leaves had the major contribution for total litter fall (72%), followed by twigs (14%), reproductive parts (11%) and miscellaneous (3%). Reproductive parts had a peak during the wet season. Positive correlation was observed between total litter and precipitation, temperature and radiation (r = 0.66, p<0.05; r = 0.76, p<0.05; r = 0.58, p<0.05, respectively). The multiple regression showed that precipitation and radiation contributed significantly to litter fall production. Decomposition rate was in the interval expected for secondary tropical forest and was correlated to rainfall. It was concluded that this fragment of secondary forest showed a seasonality effect driven mainly by precipitation and radiation, both important components of foliage renewal for the plant community and that decomposition was in an intermediate rate.
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Calheiros, Altanys Silva, Mario de Andrade Lira Junior, Débora Magalhães Soares, and Márcia do Vale Barreto Figueiredo. "Symbiotic capability of calopo rhizobia from an agrisoil with different crops in Pernambuco." Revista Brasileira de Ciência do Solo 37, no. 4 (August 2013): 869–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0100-06832013000400005.
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Biological nitrogen fixation by rhizobium-legume symbiosis represents one of the most important nitrogen sources for plants and depends strongly on the symbiotic efficiency of the rhizobium strain. This study evaluated the symbiotic capacity of rhizobial isolates from calopo (CALOPOGONIUM MUCUNOIDES) taken from an agrisoil under BRACHIARIA DECUMBENS pasture, sabiá (MIMOSA CAESALPINIIFOLIA) plantations and Atlantic Forest areas of the Dry Forest Zone of Pernambuco. A total of 1,575 isolates were obtained from 398 groups. A single random isolate of each group was authenticated, in randomized blocks with two replications. Each plant was inoculated with 1 mL of a bacterial broth, containing an estimated population of 10(8) rhizobial cells mL-1. Forty-five days after inoculation, the plants were harvested, separated into shoots, roots and nodules, oven-dried to constant mass, and weighed. Next, the symbiotic capability was tested with 1.5 kg of an autoclaved sand:vermiculite (1:1) mixture in polyethylene bags. The treatments consisted of 122 authenticated isolates, selected based on the shoot dry matter, five uninoculated controls (treated with 0, 50, 100, 150, or 200 kg ha-1 N) and a control inoculated with SEMIA 6152 (=BR1602), a strain of BRADYRHIZOBIUM JAPONICUM The test was performed as described above. The shoot dry matter of the plants inoculated with the most effective isolates did not differ from that of plants treated with 150 kg ha-1 N. Shoot dry matter was positively correlated with all other variables. The proportion of effective isolates was highest among isolates from SABIÁ forests. There was great variation in nodule dry weight, as well as in N contents and total N.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "#150 Atlantic forest"
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Lammel, Daniel Renato. "Diversidade de rizóbios em Florestas de Araucária no Estado de São Paulo." Universidade de São Paulo, 2007. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/11/11140/tde-16072007-160639/.
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Araucaria angustifolia (B.) Ktz é de grande importância sócio-ambiental e econômica, sendo que ecossistemas que abrigam esta espécie foram muito degradados pela atividade antrópica, colocando-a em risco de extinção. O ciclo do nitrogênio é de vital importância para a vida, tendo especial importância no desenvolvimento e manutenção de florestas. A entrada de nitrogênio nestes sistemas é dependente de organismos diazotróficos, em especial dos rizóbios, bactérias do solo que podem formar simbiose com leguminosas e fixar nitrogênio atmosférico. O estudo da diversidade de rizóbios pode favorecer o manejo mais adequado de florestas e muitas técnicas são usadas com este fim, nas quais se destacam o uso de plantas iscas, coleta de nódulos de leguminosas a campo, isolamento das bactérias em meios de cultivo, avaliação fenotípica dos isolados e o seqüenciamento do gene 16S rRNA, todas utilizadas neste trabalho. A partir do levantamento de leguminosas no Parque Estadual de Campos do Jordão foram coletadas onze espécies de leguminosas, nove apresentaram nódulos, sendo cinco espécies descritas como nodulantes pela primeira vez. Foram isoladas 212 estirpes de bactérias, havendo variação no formato de nódulos e alta riqueza fenotípica das cepas. Houve variabilidade na diversidade fenotípica de bactérias para cada planta, Galactia crassifolia apresentou o maior valor, enquanto que Mimosa dolens apresentou o menor. Dos 212 isolados, 55 cepas foram capazes de nodular o feijoeiro e 56 de nodular a bracatinga. Foi seqüenciado parcialmente o gene 16S rRNA de 196 estirpes que foram classificadas em oito grupos genotípicos, Pantoea sp. (2%), Pseudomonas sp. (2%), Bradyrhizobium sp1 (10%), Bradyrhizobium sp2 (7%), Rhizobium sp. (1%), Burkholderia sp1 (14%), Burkholderia sp2 (26%) e Burkholderia sp3 (38%). A análise filogenética mostrou que a maioria dos grupos pertence a gêneros taxonomicamente relacionados a rizóbios. Houve variação na diversidade genotípica das bactérias em relação às plantas das quais foram isoladas, G. crassifolia apresentou o maior valor, sendo considerada a mais promíscua, enquanto que Acacia dealbata e M. dolens apresentaram os menores valores, sendo consideradas as mais especificas. Mostrou-se que o uso de avaliação fenotípica de rizóbios pode ser inadequado, já que os resultados fenotípicos foram muitas vezes divergentes dos genotípicos. Foram comparadas Florestas de Araucária com diferentes níveis de interferência antrópica (Floresta Preservada, Floresta Plantada e Floresta em Regeneração), usando as plantas-iscas caupi, amendoim, soja, bracatinga, maricá e angico. Maricá foi o mais eficiente na captura de rizóbios, enquanto que bracatinga e caupi apresentaram menor eficiência e as demais plantas falharam. Foram isoladas 78 cepas, sendo classificados como pertencentes a seis grupos genotípicos, Pseudomonas sp. (3%), Xanthomonas sp. (1%), Ralstonia sp. (6%), Herbaspirillum sp. (4%), Burkholderia sp1 (29%) e Burkholderia sp3 (57%), sendo três grupos iguais aos caracterizados anteriormente. A maioria destes grupos está relacionada a rizóbios ou bactérias endofíticas conhecidas. A Floresta em Regeneração apresentou maior diversidade de bactérias isoladas, enquanto que as Florestas Plantada e Preservada apresentaram índices semelhantes. β-rizóbios foram predominantes nas Florestas de Araucária estudadas.Araucaria angustifolia (B.) Ktz has a great social, environmental and economic importance to south and southeastern Brazil, although ecosystems supporting this species have been degraded by human activity, making it an endangered species. The nitrogen cycle has vital importance for life and has a special role in the development and upkeep of forests. The nitrogen input in these systems is dependent on diazotrophic organisms, especially rhizobia, soil bacteria that may nodulate legumes and fix nitrogen in symbiosis with them. The study of rhizobia diversity may support better forest management practices and many techniques are used in these studies, especially the use of trap-plants, field legume nodule collection, bacteria isolation in culture media, phenotypic analysis of the strains and 16S rRNA gene sequencing, all of which were used in this work. From a survey in Campos do Jordão State Park, nine of eleven legume species collected presented nodules, of which five were reported as nodulating for the first time. A total of 212 bacterial strains were isolated from the nodules. There was great variation of nodule shape and great phenotypic richness among isolates. There was variability in the phenotypical diversity of bacteria in each plant, where Galactia crassifolia showed the highest value, while Mimosa dolens showed the lowest one. Of the 212 strains, 55 were able to nodulate common bean and 56 nodulated bracatinga (M. scabrella). The 16S rRNA gene of 196 strains were partially sequenced and classified into eight genotypic groups: Pantoea sp. (2%), Pseudomonas sp. (2%), Bradyrhizobium sp1 (10%), Bradyrhizobium sp2 (7%), Rhizobium sp. (1%), Burkholderia sp1 (14%), Burkholderia sp2 (26%) and Burkholderia sp3 (38%). Phylogenetic analysis showed that most of the groups belong to bacteria genera related to rhizobia. There was variability in the bacterial diversity related to the isolated plants, where G. crassifolia showed the highest value, being considered the most promiscuous, while Acacia dealbata and M. dolens presented the lowest values, and were considered the most specific ones. The phenotypic analysis of rhizobia was shown to be inappropriate for taxonomy, since the phenotypic results were different from the genotypic ones. Araucaria Forests with different levels of human interference (Preserved Forest, Planted Forest and Recovering Forest) were compared using cowpea, peanut, soybean, bracatinga, maricá (M. bimucronata) and angico (Parapiptadenia rigida) as trap-plants. Maricá was the most efficient in rhizobia capture, while bracatinga and cowpea showed less efficiency and the others failed. A total of 78 strains were isolated and classified into six genotypic groups: Pseudomonas sp. (3%), Xanthomonas sp. (1%), Ralstonia sp. (6%), Herbaspirillum sp. (4%), Burkholderia sp1 (29%) and Burkholderia sp3 (57%), of which three are the same as previously classified. Most of these groups are related to known rhizobia or other endophytic bacteria. The Recovering Forest showed the highest diversity of isolated bacteria, while Planted Forests and Preserved Forest showed similar indeces. β-rhizobia were predominant in the studied areas.
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Carmona, Renata Uesugui. "Estudo da comunidade de anfíbios e répteis em um fragmento de Mata Atlântica e em áreas perturbadas no Estado de São Paulo: subsídios para conservação e manejo de áreas protegidas." Universidade de São Paulo, 2007. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/11/11150/tde-01082007-111327/.
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A Mata Atlântica é reconhecida internacionalmente como um dos 25 hotspots do planeta englobando áreas com elevada biodiversidade de espécies, elevado endemismo e fortes pressões antrópicas, constituindo a segunda floresta mais ameaçada do planeta que abriga muitas espécies ameaçadas de extinção. Anfíbios e répteis são animais abundantes e funcionalmente importantes em muitos hábitats terrestres e aquáticos. Sua maior diversidade ocorre em florestas tropicais úmidas, onde o processo de fragmentação pode causar diversos efeitos negativos como a remoção e a redução de populações. O presente estudo foi desenvolvido no Residencial Reserva Ibirapitanga, município de Santa Isabel, Estado de São Paulo. Trata-se de um projeto urbanístico, onde o proprietário de cada lote se torna sócio e responsável pela RPPN (Reserva Particular do Patrimônio Natural) Rio dos Pilões. Este é um modelo inédito no Brasil, pois os lotes foram planejados apenas em áreas desmatadas no passado onde ocorrem atualmente pastagens abandonadas. O trabalho teve como objetivos levantar as espécies da herpetofauna que ocorrem em quatro diferentes ambientes do Residencial Reserva Ibirapitanga: Mata Secundária ou Capoeirão, Capoeira, Capoeirinha e Campo Antrópico, através de dois métodos distintos (Armadilhas de Interceptação e Queda e Procura Ativa), além de caracterizar esses ambientes quanto à composição e abundância da herpetofauna e de identificar as espécies endêmicas, raras e ameaçadas de extinção. Dessa forma, o presente estudo pôde contribuir para a elaboração do Plano de Manejo da RPPN Rio dos Pilões. Durante o período de Setembro de 2005 e Julho de 2006 foram registradas 25 espécies de anfíbios anuros e 3 de répteis. A utilização de dois métodos de amostragem teve relevante importância, pois algumas espécies foram encontradas somente através de um ou outro método. No entanto, a Procura Ativa foi considerada o método mais eficiente, já que amostrou 23 das 28 espécies encontradas. Já através das armadilhas de interceptação e queda foi possível determinar as abundâncias relativas de espécies encontradas por este método. Assim, a espécie mais abundante na Mata Secundária e na Capoeira foi Chaunus ornatus; em Capoeirinha, Physalaemus cuvieri e em Campo Antrópico, a maior abundância relativa foi de Leptodactylus cf. bokermanni. Hypsiboas cf polytaenius e Physalaemus cuvieri apresentaram distribuição espacial mais ampla, ocorrendo em todos os ambientes amostrados. Um maior número de espécies foi encontrado na Mata Secundária, ambiente menos perturbado que apresentou então, 23 espécies. A Capoeira apresentou 15 espécies, Capoeirinha, 6 e Campo Antrópico 4 espécies apenas. Foram realizadas comparações com taxocenoses de outras localidades, escolhidas de acordo com o método de coleta utilizado. Espécies como Aplastodiscus leucopygius, Proceratophrys boiei e Enyalius perditus, associadas a ambientes de mata, foram encontrados na área de estudo, enfatizando a importância da conservação deste remanescente florestal localizado na Serra da Mantiqueira.Atlantic Forest is internationally recognized as one of the 25 hotspots on the planet which embodies high diversity and high endemism areas over strong anthropic influence, composing the second most threatened forest on the planet, representing an unique shelter for many endangered species. Amphibians and Reptiles are animals abundant and play an important role on many terrestrial and aquatic habitats. Its diversity occurs mainly within rain forests, where fragmentation processes may result on severe negative effects such as removal and population reduction. This study was developed at Ibirapitanga Residential Reserve, Santa Isabel municipal district, Sao Paulo State. The study deals about an urban project, where every plot owner becomes an associate responsible for the "Rio dos Pilões" RPPN (Particular Reserve of the Natural Patrimony) maintainance. This is a pioneer model in Brazil, since the residential plots were located within past devastaded areas, which are actually occupied by abandoned pastures. Herpetofauna species assesment was made at Ibirapitanga Residential Reserve within four different environments (Advanced Secondary Forest, Secondary Forest, Early Secondary Forest and Anthropic Field) using two distinct methods: pitfall traps and drift fences and active search. Environmental characterization was observed regarding herpetofauna species composition and abundance, besides the endemic, rare or threatened species occurrence. For this matter, this study contributes on the elaboration of the management plan for the "Rio dos Pilões" RPPN (Particular Reserve of the Natural Patrimony). From September 2005 to July 2006, 25 anuran amphibian species and 3 reptilian species were registered. The distinct sampling methods presented relevant differences, since some species were sampled exclusively by one or other method. However, active search was considered the best sampling method, since it sampled 23 out of the 28 studied species. Through pitfall traps and drift fences method it was possible to determine species relative abundance. The most abundant species found on Advanced Secondary Forest and Secondary Forest was Chaunus ornatus; on Early Secondary Forest it was Physalaemus cuvieri and on Anthropic Field the higher relative abundance was found for Leptodactylus cf. bokermanni. Species with enlarged distribution, occuring within every sampled environment, were represented by Hypsiboas cf. polytaenius and Physalaemus cuvieri. A higher number of species was found within Advanced Secondary Forest, which represent the less disturbed areas, with 23 different species. Secondary Forest presented 15 species, Early Secondary Forest 6 species and Anthropic Field only 4 species. Comparisons were made to assemblages from other localities, chosen accordingly to the sampling method applied. Species like Aplastodiscus leucopygius, Proceratophrys boiei and Enyalius perditus, commonly associated with forest environment, were found within the studied areas, pointing out the importance of this forest remnant conservation, located at Mantiqueira mountain range.
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Paula, Alessandro de. "Florística e fitossociologia de um trecho de floresta ombrófila densa das terras baixas na Reserva Biológica de Sooretama, Linhares ES." Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2006. https://repositorio.ufscar.br/handle/ufscar/1580.
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Previous issue date: 2006-05-26The aim of this work was to analyze the floristic composition and horizontal structure of a stretch of the arboreal vegetation in the Biological Reserve of Sooretama. The survey was restricted to a phytosociological sample done on one hundred contiguous portions of 10 x 10 meters. Individuals with PBH ≥ 15 cm were sampled. The forest was segmented in three vertical strata, allowing EIV calculation. A meter and a meter width were used as first center class. A total of 1519 individuals were sampled, distributed in 265 species, 138 genera and 44 families. The Shannon s Index (H ) found was 4,87 nats. In relation to the threatened species, 16 consist in the Red List of Espírito Santo State. The Biological Reserve of Sooretama obtained 57% of similarity with the Natural Reserve of CVRD. The species Rinorea bahiensis (Moric.) Kuntze prevailed in the three strata, with has the largest EIV. The group of the late secondary stood out in all the strata. The stand was considered at advanced successional stage.
O objetivo deste trabalho foi analisar a composição florística e a estrutura fitossociológica de um trecho da vegetação arbórea na Reserva Biológica de Sooretama. O levantamento foi restrito a uma amostragem fitossociológica realizada em 100 parcelas contíguas de 10 x 10 m. Foram amostrados os indivíduos com PAP ≥ 15 cm. A floresta foi segmentada em três estratos verticais, sendo calculado o Valor de Importância Ampliado (VIA). Para a distribuição dos indivíduos por classe de altura, foi utilizado como primeiro centro de classe um metro e amplitude de um metro. Foram amostrados 1519 indivíduos, distribuídos entre 265 espécies, 138 gêneros e 44 famílias. O índice de Shannon (H ) encontrado foi de 4,87 nats. Em relação às espécies ameaçadas, 16 constam na Lista Vermelha do Estado do Espírito Santo. A Reserva Biológica de Sooretama obteve 57,0% de similaridade com a Reserva Natural da Companhia Vale do Rio Doce. A espécie Rinorea bahiensis predominou nos três estratos, possuindo o maior VIA. O grupo das secundárias tardias se destacou em todos os estratos. O estande foi considerado em estádio sucessional avançado.
Books on the topic "#150 Atlantic forest"
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Silver, Timothy. A new face on the countryside: Indians, colonists, and slaves in South Atlantic forests, 1500-1800. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1990.
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Zabin, Serena R. Women, Trade, and the Roots of Consumer Societies. Edited by Ellen Hartigan-O'Connor and Lisa G. Materson. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190222628.013.5.
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This chapter explains the significant, if often overlooked, ways in which both free and enslaved women as well as men participated actively and eagerly in trade around the Atlantic rim from 1500 to 1800. Commerce in the early modern period was not performed by heroic individuals or anonymous empires but by individuals embedded in familial and social relationships. The meanings that contemporaries accorded to female traders changed over time. With the expansion of Atlantic trade and particularly the increased availability of consumer goods in the mid-eighteenth century, women’s economic practices took on new political and social significance. By the end of the century, however, several forms of women’s commercial activity were attended by danger and backlash. By the 1830s, commerce itself had come to be defined as a male activity, even as women continued to participate in trade.
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United States. President (1993-2001 : Clinton). Force protection in Macedonia: Communication from the President of the United States transmitting notification of the President's decision to send certain U.S. forces to Macedonia to enhance force protection for U.S. and other NATO forces in that nation, to support U.S. and NATO military activities in the region, to deter attacks on U.S. and NATO forces already in Macedonia, and to assist in preparing for a possible NATO peace implementation force, in Kosovo, pursuant to Pub. L. 105-262. Washington: U.S. G.P.O., 1999.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "#150 Atlantic forest"
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"War in the Forest." In Warfare in Atlantic Africa, 1500-1800. Routledge, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780203500446.ch3.
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"War in the Forest: The Gold Coast." In Warfare in Atlantic Africa, 1500-1800, 69–88. Routledge, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780203500446-7.
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Juday, Glenn Patrick, and Valerie Barber. "A 200-Year Perspective of Climate Variability and the Response of White Spruce in Interior Alaska." In Climate Variability and Ecosystem Response in Long-Term Ecological Research Sites. Oxford University Press, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195150599.003.0024.
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The two most important life functions that organisms carry out to persist in the environment are reproduction and growth. In this chapter we examine the role of climate and climate variability as controlling factors in the growth of one of the most important and productive of the North American boreal forest tree species, white spruce (Picea glauca [Moench] Voss). Because the relationship between climate and tree growth is so close, tree-ring properties have been used successfully for many years as a proxy to reconstruct past climates. Our recent reconstruction of nineteenth- century summer temperatures at Fairbanks based on white spruce tree-ring characteristics (Barber et al. in press) reveals a fundamental pattern of quasi-decadal climate variability. The values in this reconstruction of nineteenth-century Fairbanks summer temperatures are surprisingly warm compared to values in much of the published paleoclimatic literature for boreal North America. In this chapter we compare our temperature reconstructions with ring-width records in northern and south-central Alaska to see whether tree-growth signals in the nineteenth century in those regions are consistent with tree-ring characteristics in and near Bonanza Creek (BNZ) LTER (25 km southwest of Fairbanks) that suggest warm temperatures during the mid-nineteenth century. We also present a conceptual model of key limiting events in white spruce reproduction and compare it to a 39-year record of seed fall at BNZ. Finally, we derive a radial growth pattern index from white spruce at nine stands across Interior Alaska that matches recent major seed crop events in the BNZ monitoring period, and we identify dates after 1800 when major seed crops of white spruce, which are infrequent, may have been produced. The boreal region is characterized by a broad zone of forest with a continuous distribution across Eurasia and North America, amounting to about 17% of the earth’s land surface area (Bonan et al. 1992). The boreal region is often conceived of as a zone of relatively homogenous climate, but in fact a surprising diversity of climates are present. During the long days of summer, continental interior locations under persistent high-pressure systems experience hot weather that can promote extensive forest fires frequently exceeding 100 kilohectares (K ha). Summer daily maximum temperatures are cooled to a considerable degree in maritime portions of the boreal region affected by air masses that originate over the North Atlantic, North Pacific, or Arctic Oceans.
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Beinart, William, and Lotte Hughes. "The Fur Trade in Canada." In Environment and Empire. Oxford University Press, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199260317.003.0008.
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In the tropical zones of mainland America and the Caribbean islands, plantations became a key vehicle for imperial expansion—an early hothouse of intensive production which boosted Caribbean populations from 200,000 to two million over a couple of centuries. The indigenous population, as noted in the last chapter, had no place in this system and was largely destroyed or its remnants absorbed. But the labour requirements of the plantation system, its location, and the diseases it engendered also shaped a demography weighted against white settlers, especially in the Caribbean. At the northern limits of European intrusion, on the Atlantic coast, down the St Lawrence River, and on the shores of the Hudson Bay, the imperial frontier was extended more by trade than by agrarian settlement. In this chapter, we illustrate how the natural environment of this region, as well as economic and political forces, influenced the routes of intrusion and patterns of interaction. In contrast to the Caribbean, Native Americans had a major role in supplying imperial markets. Coastal settler society in the Americas, from Boston north, grew partly around the cod fisheries. The Grand Banks off the Canadian coast were a particularly rich source of cod and had been fished by the Spanish, Portuguese, and Basques since the sixteenth century or before. By the early seventeenth century, as many as 300 French and 150 British ships were recorded at one time on what became the Canadian coast. Cod fisheries were largely run by Europeans and based on European technology. They became the basis for an important export trade in dried and salted cod, bacalhau, to Europe and the Caribbean, where sources of protein were in short supply. On the sugar islands, especially, there were severe constraints on keeping livestock, and a lack of indigenous species to hunt. Dried cod, traded from North to Central America, to some degree filled this dietary gap; not only did it last well but it was also light to transport. Crosby has argued that North America was particularly porous with respect to the absorption of Eurasian animal and plant species and that these greatly facilitated settler colonialism.
Conference papers on the topic "#150 Atlantic forest"
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Walega, Andrzej, and Devendra M. Amatya. "<i>Assessing Runoff using Modified SME-CN Method for a Drained Forest Watershed on North Carolina Atlantic Coastal Plain</i>." In 2019 Boston, Massachusetts July 7- July 10, 2019. St. Joseph, MI: American Society of Agricultural and Biological Engineers, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.13031/aim.201900080.
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Liu, Liqin, Chia-Ying K. Lam, Ralph Alderson, Vatana Long, Yinhua Yang, Robert Burns, Lusiana Widjaja, et al. "Abstract 1560: Selection of a bispecific trivalent HER2 x CD137 TRIDENT format providing optimal tumor-anchored immune co-stimulation." In Proceedings: AACR Annual Meeting 2019; March 29-April 3, 2019; Atlanta, GA. American Association for Cancer Research, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/1538-7445.am2019-1560.
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Liu, Liqin, Chia-Ying K. Lam, Ralph Alderson, Vatana Long, Yinhua Yang, Robert Burns, Lusiana Widjaja, et al. "Abstract 1560: Selection of a bispecific trivalent HER2 x CD137 TRIDENT format providing optimal tumor-anchored immune co-stimulation." In Proceedings: AACR Annual Meeting 2019; March 29-April 3, 2019; Atlanta, GA. American Association for Cancer Research, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/1538-7445.sabcs18-1560.
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Peraza, David B. "Tropicana Garage Collapse." In IABSE Congress, New York, New York 2019: The Evolving Metropolis. Zurich, Switzerland: International Association for Bridge and Structural Engineering (IABSE), 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.2749/newyork.2019.2172.
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<p>In 2003, a major collapse occurred during construction of a parking garage at the Tropicana Hotel in Atlantic City, New Jersey. It resulted in four fatalities, dozens of injured workers, and significant delays to the construction project. The legal matter was eventually settled out of court, reportedly for $100 million US dollars.</p><p>The author led the structural investigation into the collapse on behalf of the General Contractor. The investigation included numerous site visits, preservation of structural evidence, review of design drawings and contractor’s shop drawings, structural analyses, and litigation support.</p><p>The concrete parking garage was being constructed with a proprietary structural floor system, which involved “stay‐in‐place” precast concrete forms that became composite with the cast‐in‐place concrete slabs and wide beams.</p><p>The investigation presented significant challenges due to the intertwined design responsibilities for the system, the difficulty of preserving perishable evidence during the demolition of the unstable structure, the high‐profile nature of the collapse, and the diverse interests of the many involved parties.</p><p>The matter settled out of court, so the results of technical investigations and the lessons learned have not been widely disseminated previously.</p><p>This paper will describe the engineering investigation and findings, discuss the roles and responsibilities of the designers and others, and present recommendations to reduce future failures of similarly organized projects.</p>
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Chakrabarti, Partha, Sanjay Joshi, Kaushik Bose, and Majid Al-Sharif. "Hull Strength Design of a Floating Production Unit Using Long Term Hydrodynamic Response." In ASME 2011 30th International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering. ASMEDC, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2011-49106.
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Normal procedure for design of a ship shaped Floating Production Unit (FPU) is to use Rule Based approach recommended by the Classification Societies. In this approach the primary design strength quantities such as longitudinal and transverse wave induced bending moments, shear forces etc. are calculated based on formulae prescribed by the Classification Society Rules. In the Rules, these formulae have been validated for a class of ocean going vessels such as container ships or tankers, as the case may be, for open ocean conditions akin to the Northern Atlantic. Thus, actual hydrodynamic response of the vessel to a defined sea conditions at a location of service need not be calculated. FPUs are different from ocean going vessels in that they are usually fixed at a location for several years of service with the help of some station keeping arrangement such as a mooring system or a dynamic positioning system, except for transit. An alternate approach is to use direct calculations for hydrodynamic response of the vessel to the site specific sea conditions at the operating site. The hull geometry may also be very much different from a conventional tanker due to addition of sponsons that could justify such an approach. In addition, an FPU is likely to support several equipment modules on top of the deck which is different from the loading of usual cargo ships and may demand more accurate calculations. Thus, in order to design the module support footings one is interested to know the actual accelerations at the module center of gravity. Many Classification Societies allow use of this direct approach, but it appears that this route is seldom taken possibly due to complexities of hydrodynamic analysis. Response quantities of interest for the design of the vessel, such as hull bending moment, acceleration, roll angle etc., are selected as the Dominant Load Component (DLC). In general, there are two methods to compute the extreme hydrodynamic response of any DLC, short term method and long term method, the latter being considered as superior and an extension of the former. The wave environment is defined in terms of the probabilities of different sea states at the specific offshore location through a directional scatter diagram. The long-term response refers to the long term Most Probable Extreme Value (MPEV) of the response at a specific probability level of exceedance derived from the short term responses. Usually, the MPEV of the DLC having a Return Period of 100 years, i.e., a probability of occurrence roughly of the order of 10−8.7 is taken as the extreme design response. For each DLC, an equivalent regular wave called the Design Wave is determined which simulates the magnitude of this extreme value of the Dominant Load Component for the purpose of the structural analysis. For the FPU discussed in this paper a detailed 3D Finite Element Model is created and the hydrodynamic loads corresponding to each Design Wave for the DLC are applied for the structural analysis. Gulf of Mexico weather conditions are taken as the operating area. In this paper, selected results from the hydrodynamic approach are reported and compared with similar results from the conventional Rule Based approach. If any difference is found, the possible reasons thereof are discussed. The authors believe that the methodology and results reported in this paper for a specific FPU will help to understand the true behavior of other ship type FPUs for the site specific conditions and the same methodology can be applied for design.
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Zeiler, Cleat, Samuel Takazawa, Milton Garcés, Luis Giraldo, Jay Hix, Scott Watson, and David Chichester. "Explosion Data Fusion of Acoustic, Barometric, and Accelerometric data collected on Smartphones." In Consortium for Enabling Technologies and Innovation: DOE NNSA University Program Review (UPR2021), September 8 – 10, 2021, Historical Academy of Medicine, Midtown Atlanta, GA. Hybrid format (limited attendance on site, virtual sessions). https://eti.gatech.edu/event/doe-nnsa-university-program-review-upr2021/. US DOE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1811535.
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Zeiler, Cleat, and Kale McLin. "Analysis of explosion data collected on an airborne platform." In Consortium for Enabling Technologies and Innovation: DOE NNSA University Program Review (UPR2021), September 8 – 10, 2021, Historical Academy of Medicine, Midtown Atlanta, GA. Hybrid format (limited attendance on site, virtual sessions). https://eti.gatech.edu/event/doe-nnsa-university-program-review-upr2021/. US DOE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1811534.
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