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1
Mello-Silva, Renato, and Jenifer De Carvalho Lopes. "Xylopia atlantica (Annonaceae), new species from the coastal forest of Bahia, Brazil." Phytotaxa 188, no. 1 (December 9, 2014): 28. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.188.1.5.
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Xylopia atlantica, a new and endemic species from the atlantic forest of Bahia, Brazil, is described and illustrated. It is only know from a 150 km long stretch of land from Valença to Uruçuca, in central Bahian coast. The species has leaves up to 41 cm long, bigger than those from any other Brazilian Xylopia. Xylopia atlantica shares with X. decorticans and X. ochrantha cauli and ramiflorous inflorescences. It differs from the former by the non-exfoliating bark, and from the latter by the indument of the monocarps, sparsely yellow-tomentose versus densely golden-tomentose, in X. ochrantha. Although X. atlantica has been collected since relatively long ago, flowering individuals have never been encountered.
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Castro, E. R., M. Galetti, and L. P. C. Morellato. "Reproductive phenology of Euterpe edulis (Arecaceae) along a gradient in the Atlantic rainforest of Brazil." Australian Journal of Botany 55, no. 7 (2007): 725. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/bt07029.
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The palm Euterpe edulis Mart. is one of the dominant tree species in the Atlantic rainforest and considered a key resource for many frugivorous birds. We compared the reproductive phenology of E. edulis in three types of Atlantic rainforest (two lowland forests, restinga and coastal-plain, and a premontane forest) on Cardoso Island (Cananéia, São Paulo, Brazil), aiming to answer the following questions: (i) whether the reproduction of E. edulis is annual and seasonal across the years in the three forest types studied; (ii) what are the environmental factors influencing the reproductive phenology of E. edulis; and (iii) how does the timing of fruiting and fruit production of E. edulis vary among the three forest types? We evaluated the presence of flowers and fruits (immature, unripe and ripe) from August 2001 to July 2004 in 150 individuals (50 per forest), and estimated the number of infructescences with ripe fruits and the production of fruits and seeds by collecting them on the forest floor in the three forest types. Flowering and fruiting of E. edulis were annual and significantly seasonal in the three forest types, with a high synchrony of flowering and medium to low synchrony of fruiting. Flowering peaked in November and December, and immature and unripe fruits peaked in January and March, all during the rainy season. Immature and unripe fruit phases were correlated with the daylength, precipitation and temperature, important factors for fruits development. Ripe fruits peaked in April and May, in the less rainy season, with significant differences in the mean dates among forests. The number of infructescences with ripe fruits and the biomass of fruits and seeds collected on the ground also differed significantly among the forest types, being greater in the restinga and coastal-plain forests, respectively. Differences in productivity were related to palm density in each area and the soil fertility. The complementary fruiting pattern of E. edulis in the forests studied may affect the distribution and abundance of certain frugivorous bird species that feed on their fruits.
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Silva, William Goulart da, Jean Paul Metzger, Luis Carlos Bernacci, Eduardo Luís Martins Catharino, Giselda Durigan, and Sílvio Simões. "Relief influence on tree species richness in secondary forest fragments of Atlantic Forest, SE, Brazil." Acta Botanica Brasilica 22, no. 2 (June 2008): 589–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0102-33062008000200026.
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The aim of this work was to explore the relationship between tree species richness and morphological characteristics of relief at the Ibiúna Plateau (SE Brazil). We sampled 61 plots of 0.30 ha, systematically established in 20 fragments of secondary forest (2-274 ha) and in three areas within a continuous secondary forest site, Morro Grande Reserve (9,400 ha). At each plot, 100 trees with diameter at breast height > 5 cm were sampled by the point centered quarter method, and total richness and richness per dispersal and succession class were obtained. The relief was characterized by the mean and variance of slope, elevation, aspect and slope location. There was no significant relationship between relief heterogeneity and tree species richness. Relief parameters generally did not affect tree richness, but elevation was particularly important especially in the continuous forest. Despite the limited range of altitudinal variation (150 m), species richness increases with elevation. The highest areas were also those with the largest forest cover and the lowest disturbance degree, which should contribute to the greater richness of those sites. Our results suggest an indirect influence of relief, due to the fact that deforestation is less intense in higher regions, rather than a direct influence of abiotic factors related to the altitudinal gradient.
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Schieder, Nathalie W., and Matthew L. Kirwan. "Sea-level driven acceleration in coastal forest retreat." Geology 47, no. 12 (October 2, 2019): 1151–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/g46607.1.
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Abstract Ghost forests, consisting of dead trees adjacent to marshes, are a striking feature of low-lying coastal and estuarine landscapes, and they represent the migration of coastal ecosystems with relative sea-level rise (RSLR). Although ghost forests have been observed along many coastal margins, rates of ecosystem change and their dependence on RSLR remain poorly constrained. Here, we reconstructed forest retreat rates using sediment coring and historical imagery at five sites along the Mid-Atlantic coast of the United States, a hotspot for accelerated RSLR. We found that the elevation of the marsh-forest boundary generally increased with RSLR over the past 2000 yr, and that retreat accelerated concurrently with the late 19th century acceleration in global sea level. Lateral retreat rates increased through time for most sampling intervals over the past 150 yr, and modern lateral retreat rates are 2 to 14 times faster than pre-industrial rates at all sites. Substantial deviations between RSLR and forest response are consistent with previous observations that episodic disturbance facilitates the mortality of adult trees. Nevertheless, our work suggests that RSLR is the primary determinant of coastal forest extent, and that ghost forests represent a direct and prominent visual indicator of climate change.
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Albuquerque, Hermano Gomes, Paula Ferreira Martins, Flávia Soares Pessôa, Thiago Carvalho Modesto, Júlia Lins Luz, Daniel S. L. Raíces, Natalia Carneiro Ardente, et al. "Mammals of a forest fragment in Cambuci municipality, state of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil." Check List 9, no. 6 (November 1, 2013): 1505. http://dx.doi.org/10.15560/9.6.1505.
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The Atlantic Forest is considered a hotspot due to its current state of vast degradation and high indexes of biodiversity. This biome has been degraded through the years by processes resulting from the Brazilian socioeconomic model of development. The seasonal semi-deciduous Atlantic Forest is a poorly studied phytophysiognomy specially degraded by human activities in the state of Rio de Janeiro. In the present study we report the results of a rapid mammalian inventory conducted in the municipality of Cambuci, in a fragment of seasonal semi-deciduous forest. We used live traps and pitfall traps to capture non-volant small mammals, and mist-nets of different lengths to collect bats. To sample medium and large-sized mammals we used camera traps. We recorded 27 mammal species in the region, of which 16 are volant mammals. We emphasize the distribution extension of Trinomys setosus in 150 km (that enabled its insertion in the species list of Rio de Janeiro) and the capture of Lonchophylla peracchii, a recently described species apparently restricted to Atlantic Forest. Both facts show the importance of the fragment for the region biodiversity.
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Vila-Verde, Gabriel, and Márlon Paluch. "Butterflies (Lepidoptera: Papilionoidea) from a Fragment of Atlantic Forest in the Southern Bahia State." EntomoBrasilis 13 (August 23, 2020): e905. http://dx.doi.org/10.12741/ebrasilis.v13.e905.
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The Atlantic Forest of southern Bahia comprises a zone of high levels of biodiversity and endemism of plants, vertebrates and insects. However, there are still several gaps on the knowledge of the local Lepidoptera diversity. The objective of this study was to conduct an inventory of butterflies in a fragment of the Atlantic Forest in Porto Seguro, Bahia, Brazil to provide information on species richness. Butterflies were sampled with insect net from March 2018 to March 2019, and November 2019 to February 2020, totaling 150 h of sampling effort. Additionally, we used Van Someren-Rydon traps for collecting frugivorous butterflies in September 2018 and February 2019 representing 1,080 trap-hours. A total of 228 butterfly species were recorded. Hesperiidae (86 spp.) and Nymphalidae (77 spp.) were the most representative families, followed by Riodinidae (32 spp.), Lycaenidae (21 spp.), Pieridae (10 spp.) and Papilionidae (2 spp.). The local butterfly fauna is composed of species found in open or disturbed forest edges, and secondary vegetation. Most of the sampled species is broadly distributed in Brazil Morpho menelaus coeruleus (Perry, 1810) (Nymphalidae), Jemadia hospita hephaestos (Plötz, 1879) (Hesperiidae) and several species of Lycaenidae and Riodinidae represents a new record for northeastern Brazil.
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Tavares, Davi Castro, Leandro Freitas, and Maria Cristina Gaglianone. "Nectar volume is positively correlated with flower size in hummingbird-visited flowers in the Brazilian Atlantic Forest." Journal of Tropical Ecology 32, no. 4 (June 3, 2016): 335–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0266467416000250.
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Abstract:We studied the relationship between flower size and nectar properties of hummingbird-visited flowers in the Brazilian Atlantic Forest. We analysed the nectar volume and concentration as a function of corolla length and the average bill size of visitors for 150 plant species, using the phylogenetic generalized least squares (PGLS) to control for phylogenetic signals in the data. We found that nectar volume is positively correlated with corolla length due to phylogenetic allometry. We also demonstrated that larger flowers provide better rewards for long-billed hummingbirds. Regardless of the causal mechanisms, our results support the hypothesis that morphological floral traits that drive partitioning among hummingbirds correspond to the quantity of resources produced by the flowers in the Atlantic Forest. We demonstrate that the relationship between nectar properties and flower size is affected by phylogenetic constraints and thus future studies assessing the interaction between floral traits need to control for phylogenetic signals in the data.
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Tauk-Tornisiel, S. M., M. C. Vallejo, and J. C. Govone. "BIOMASSES AND XYLANASE PRODUCTION BY STRAINS OF PENICILLIUM ISOLATED FROM BRAZILIAN ATLANTIC FOREST." Arquivos do Instituto Biológico 76, no. 3 (September 2009): 359–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1808-1657v76p3592009.
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ABSTRACT Six Penicillium strains were isolated from soil at a depth of 0 15 cm in the Juréia-Itatins Ecology Station (JIES), in the São Paulo State, Brazil. They were evaluated for xylanase production under different temperatures and carbon sources. The best carbon source and temperature were first determined in an automated Bioscreen C system, verifying the growth of microorganisms. Liquid media containing tap water with 2% carbohydrate and/or 1% nitrogen sources were used. Afterwards, Penicillium citrinum, P. fellutanum, P. rugulosum and P. decumbens were cultivated in 250 mL Erlenmeyer flasks with 50 mL of culture medium containing tap water sole 2% carbon source (fructose, glucose, mannitol, sucrose or xylose) and 1% yeast extract as a nitrogen source at pH 5.0 and 28o C, with agitation of 150 rpm for 72 hours. These same strains, except P. decumbens, and P. purpurogenum were cultivated in solid substrate with wheat bran under the same environmental conditions to study the potential of xylanase activity. Maximum xylanase activity was observed in cultures with wheat bran, without the addition of any other carbon source, using inocula containing 1 x 107 spores.mL-1 (28o C, pH 5.0, 72 h). It can be concluded that P. fellutanum and P. citrinumare a good xylanase producers under the conditions of 28º C. The results of xylanase activity were 54% less at 28º C in liquid cultures media cultures than in solid substrate.
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Ferreira, Maurício Lamano, Jaqueline Luana Silva, Edna Elisa Pereira, and Ana Paula do Nascimento Lamano-Ferreira. "Litter fall production and decomposition in a fragment of secondary Atlantic Forest of São Paulo, sp, southeastern Brazil." Revista Árvore 38, no. 4 (August 2014): 591–600. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0100-67622014000400002.
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Litter fall consists of all organic material deposited on the forest floor, being of extremely important for the structure and maintenance of the ecosystem through nutrient cycling. This study aimed to evaluate the production and decomposition of litter fall in a secondary Atlantic forest fragment of secondary Atlantic Forest, at the Guarapiranga Ecological Park, in São Paulo, SP. The litter samples were taken monthly from May 2012 to May 2013. To assess the contribution of litter fall forty collectors were installed randomly within an area of 0.5 ha. The collected material was sent to the laboratory to be dried at 65 °C for 72 hours, being subsequently separated into fractions of leaves, twigs, reproductive parts and miscellaneous, and weighed to obtain the dry biomass. Litterbags were placed and tied close to the collectors to estimate the decomposition rate in order to evaluate the loss of dry biomass at 30, 60, 90, 120 and 150 days. After collection, the material was sent to the laboratory to be dried and weighed again. Total litter fall throughout the year reached 5.7 Mg.ha-1.yr-1 and the major amount of the material was collected from September till March. Leaves had the major contribution for total litter fall (72%), followed by twigs (14%), reproductive parts (11%) and miscellaneous (3%). Reproductive parts had a peak during the wet season. Positive correlation was observed between total litter and precipitation, temperature and radiation (r = 0.66, p<0.05; r = 0.76, p<0.05; r = 0.58, p<0.05, respectively). The multiple regression showed that precipitation and radiation contributed significantly to litter fall production. Decomposition rate was in the interval expected for secondary tropical forest and was correlated to rainfall. It was concluded that this fragment of secondary forest showed a seasonality effect driven mainly by precipitation and radiation, both important components of foliage renewal for the plant community and that decomposition was in an intermediate rate.
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Calheiros, Altanys Silva, Mario de Andrade Lira Junior, Débora Magalhães Soares, and Márcia do Vale Barreto Figueiredo. "Symbiotic capability of calopo rhizobia from an agrisoil with different crops in Pernambuco." Revista Brasileira de Ciência do Solo 37, no. 4 (August 2013): 869–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0100-06832013000400005.
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Biological nitrogen fixation by rhizobium-legume symbiosis represents one of the most important nitrogen sources for plants and depends strongly on the symbiotic efficiency of the rhizobium strain. This study evaluated the symbiotic capacity of rhizobial isolates from calopo (CALOPOGONIUM MUCUNOIDES) taken from an agrisoil under BRACHIARIA DECUMBENS pasture, sabiá (MIMOSA CAESALPINIIFOLIA) plantations and Atlantic Forest areas of the Dry Forest Zone of Pernambuco. A total of 1,575 isolates were obtained from 398 groups. A single random isolate of each group was authenticated, in randomized blocks with two replications. Each plant was inoculated with 1 mL of a bacterial broth, containing an estimated population of 10(8) rhizobial cells mL-1. Forty-five days after inoculation, the plants were harvested, separated into shoots, roots and nodules, oven-dried to constant mass, and weighed. Next, the symbiotic capability was tested with 1.5 kg of an autoclaved sand:vermiculite (1:1) mixture in polyethylene bags. The treatments consisted of 122 authenticated isolates, selected based on the shoot dry matter, five uninoculated controls (treated with 0, 50, 100, 150, or 200 kg ha-1 N) and a control inoculated with SEMIA 6152 (=BR1602), a strain of BRADYRHIZOBIUM JAPONICUM The test was performed as described above. The shoot dry matter of the plants inoculated with the most effective isolates did not differ from that of plants treated with 150 kg ha-1 N. Shoot dry matter was positively correlated with all other variables. The proportion of effective isolates was highest among isolates from SABIÁ forests. There was great variation in nodule dry weight, as well as in N contents and total N.
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Sabagh, Leandro Talione, Ana Maria Paulino Telles Carvalho-e-Silva, and Carlos Frederico Duarte Rocha. "Diet of the toad Rhinella icterica (Anura: Bufonidae) from Atlantic Forest Highlands of southeastern Brazil." Biota Neotropica 12, no. 4 (December 2012): 258–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1676-06032012000400027.
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In this study, we present some information of the regarding throphic niche from the anuran toad Rhinella icterica living in high altitudes above 2000 m a.s.l. from a habitat of the Atlantic Forest Biome - the Altitude Fields in the Itatiaia National Park. We found 150 prey items in toad stomachs, belonging to five prey types, as well as skin remains and some remains of plant material. The index of relative importance indicated that most important prey types were beetles and ants, these last composing 70% of the diet numerically and the trophic niche breadth (B) was 1.81. The relatively low diversity of prey types we recorded in the diet of R. icterica of Itatiaia and numerically dominated by ants suggests some preference for this item. We do not found significant relationship between the toad measurements with the preys' measurements. We concluded that R. icterica toads at the highlands of Itatiaia feeds on arthropods, mainly ants and coleopterans and that the high consumption of preys with relatively small and similar size as ants in the diet prevents an expected relationship among frog body or mouth size and prey volume and size.
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BRESCOVIT, ANTONIO D., GERMAN A. VILLANUEVA-BONILLA, JULLYANA CRISTINA M. S. M. SOBCZAK, FRANCISCO A. DE SOUSA NÓBREGA, LUIZ FERNANDO M. OLIVEIRA, ITALO DIEGO PAIVA ARRUDA, and JOBER F. SOBCZAK. "Macrophyes pacoti n. sp. (Araneae: Anyphaenidae) from Brazilian Atlantic Forest, with notes on an araneopathogenic fungus." Zootaxa 4629, no. 2 (July 5, 2019): 294–300. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4629.2.12.
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The spider genus Macrophyes O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1893 includes five species from the Neotropical region (World Spider Catalog 2019). Two species were described from Central America, M. attenuata, the type species, by Pickard-Cambridge (1893), known until now only by the male, and M. elongata by Chickering (1937) know by both sexes. Three other species were described from South America, M. silvae Brescovit, 1992 and M. manati Brescovit, 1993 from Peru, and M. jundiai Brescovit, 1993 from Brazil (Brescovit 1992, 1993). Brescovit (1997) diagnosed this genus from other Anyphaeninae by the cylindrical abdomen, retrolateral margin of the chelicera with prominent distal tooth, close to the claw and by the tibia of the male palp almost twice longer than the cymbium. The females could be confused with Mesilla Simon by the long and cylindrical abdomen, but are distinguished by the epigynum with narrow, sinuous lateral borders and, internally, by the long copulatory ducts (see Brescovit, 1997: figs 146, 150−151).
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Freitas Pinto, Andréa Vasconcelos, Maria Amanda Menezes Silva, Ana Virginia De Lima Leite, Ladivania Medeiros Do Nascimento, Ana Carolina Borges Lins-e-Silva, and Maria Jesus Nogueira Rodal. "Floristic and structure of the arboral community of a regenerating fragment of Atlantic Forest, Igarassu, Pernambuco, Brazil." REVISTA AGRO@MBIENTE ON-LINE 12, no. 2 (June 30, 2018): 145. http://dx.doi.org/10.18227/1982-8470ragro.v12i2.4871.
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Understanding secondary forest structure and functioning is essential for future planning of effective use and/or recompositioning of such areas. The secondary succession process is influenced by the characteristics of componente species, their interaction with other species and with abiotic components.
Thus, the objective of the current study was to evaluate the vegetation structure, dispersion syndromes and pollination of a secondary forest fragment with 5 years of regeneration in the Atlantic Forest landscape of Pernambuco, northern Brazil. A total of 30 permanent 10 x 10 m plots with 10 m separations were used
for canopy sampling (i.e., all woody individuals with stem diameter at 1.30 m (DBH) greater than 5 cm. Floristic composition analysis recorded 32 species from 21 families. Absolute density was 150 individuals with basal area of 4.787 m² ha-1, and the Shannon-Weaver index (H ‘) was 2.960. The family with the highest number of species was Melastomataceae, while those with greatest abundance were Malpighiaceae (26) and Cecropiaceae (14). Species with the highest Importance Values included Byrsonima sericea (49.28%), Cecropia pachystachya (38.49%) and Bowdichia virgilioides (37.19%). The predominant tree species dispersal syndrome was zoochory (72 species), and the predominant pollination syndrome was melitophilia. Arboreal individuals were mostly recorded in the initial diameter and height classes, indicating that the study area is in the initial stage of succession.
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QUEIROZ, GABRIEL C., and WANDA M. WEINER. "A new species of Brachystomella (Collembola: Brachystomellidae) from the Atlantic Forest of southeast Brazil." Zootaxa 2885, no. 1 (May 20, 2011): 65. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.2885.1.7.
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Abrantes, E.A., Bellini, B.C., Bernardo, A.N., Fernandes, L.H., Mendonça, M.C., Oliveira, E.P., Queiroz, G.C., Sautter, K.D., Silveira, T.C. & Zeppelini, D. (2010) Synthesis of Brazilian Collembola: an update to the species list. Zootaxa, 2388, 1–22.Ågren, H. (1903) Diagnosen einiger neuen Achorutiden aus Schweden (Vorläufige Mittheilungen). Entomologisk Tidskrift, 24, 126–128.Arlé, R. (1959) Collembola Arthropleona do Brasil oriental e central. Arquivos do Museu Nacional, 49, 155–211.Bellinger, P.F., Christiansen, K.A. & Janssens, F. (2010) Checklist of the Collembola of the World. Available from: http://www.collembola.org (Accessed 25 November 2010).Bonet, F. (1930) Remarques sur les hypogastruriens cavernicoles avec descriptions d’espèces nouvelles (Collembola). Eos Madrid, 6, 113–139.Börner, C. (1906) Das System der Collembolen nebst Beschreibung neuer Collembolen des Hamburger Naturhistorischen Museums. Mitteilungen aus den Naturhistorischen Museum in Hamburg, 23, 147–188.Cassagnau, P. & Rapoport, E.H. (1962) Collemboles d’Amérique du Sud, I Poduromorphes. Biologie de la Amérique Australe, 1, 139–184.Denis, J.R. (1931) Collemboles de Costa Rica avec une contribution au spèces d’lordre. Bolletino del Laboratorio di Zoologia Generale e Agraria della Facoltà Agraria in Portici, 25, 69–170.Fernandes, L.H. & Mendonça, M.C. (2004) Collembola Poduromorpha do litoral de Maricá, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil. Revista Brasileira de Zoologia, 21, 15–25.Massoud, Z. (1967) Monographie des Neanuridae, Collemboles Poduromorphes à pièces buccales modifiées. Biologie de l'Amérique Australe, Éditions du Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Volume III, Paris, pp.7–399.Mendonça, M.C. & Fernandes, L.H. (1997) A new genus of Brachystomellinae from Brazil (Collembola: Neanuridae). Boletim do Museu Nacional, nova seérie, zoologia, Rio de Janeiro, 379, 1–7.Najt, J. & Massoud, Z. (1974) Contribution à l’étude des Brachystomellinae (Insectes, Collemboles). I.—Nouvelles espèces récoltées en Argentine. Revue d’Ecologie et de Biologie du Sol, 11 (3), 367–372.Najt, J. & Palacios-Vargas, J.G. (1986) Nuevos Brachystomellinae de Mexico (Collembola, Neanuridae). Nouvelle Revue d’Entomologie, 3 (4), 457–471.Najt, J. & Weiner, W.M. (1996) Geographical distribution of Brachystomellinae (Collembola: Neanuridae). Pan-Pacific Entomologist, 72 (2), 61–69.Najt, J., Weiner, W.M. & Grandcolas, P. (2005) Phylogeny of the Brachystomellidae (Collembola) — were the mandibles ancestrally absent and did they re-appear in this family? Zoologica Scripta, 34, 305–312.Rapoport, E.H. & Rubio, I. (1963) Fauna collembologica de Chili. Investigaciones Zoologicas Chilenas, 9, 95–124.Schäffer, C. (1896) Die Collembolen der Umgebung von Hamburg und benachbarter Gebiete. Mitteilungen aus dem Naturhistorischen Museum in Hamburg, 13, 149–216.Weiner, W.M. & Najt, J. (2001) Species of Brachystomella (Collembola: Brachystomellidae) from the Neotropical region. European Journal of Entomology, 98 (3), 387–413.Wray, D.L. (1953) New Collembola from Puerto Rico. Journal of Agriculture of the University of Puerto Rico, 37 (2), 140–150.
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Girardin, Martin-Philippe, Jacques Tardif, Mike D. Flannigan, B. Mike Wotton, and Yves Bergeron. "Trends and periodicities in the Canadian Drought Code and their relationships with atmospheric circulation for the southern Canadian boreal forest." Canadian Journal of Forest Research 34, no. 1 (January 1, 2004): 103–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/x03-195.
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Trends and periodicities in summer drought severity are investigated on a network of Canadian Drought Code (CDC) monthly average indices extending from central Quebec to western Manitoba and covering the instrumental period 19131998. The relationship and coherency between CDC indices and oceanatmosphere circulation patterns are also examined. Trend analyses indicate that drought severity is unchanged in eastern and central Canada. Composite analyses indicate that for most of the corridor, severe drought seasons occur with a combination of positive 500-hPa geopotential height anomalies centered over the Gulf of Alaska and over the Baffin Bay. Additional severe drought seasons develop across the corridor in the presence of positive height anomalies located over or upstream of the affected regions. According to spectral analyses, the North Atlantic and the North Pacific circulation patterns modulate the drought variability at the decadal scale. Our results lead us to conclude that climate warming and the increases in the amount and frequency of precipitation in eastern Canada during the last century had no significant impact on summer drought severity. It is unlikely that linear climate change contributed to the change in the boreal forest dynamics observed over the past 150 years.
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Mott, Robert J., Ian R. Walker, Samantha L. Palmer, and Martin Lavoie. "A late-glacial – Holocene palaeoecological record from Pye Lake on the eastern shore of Nova Scotia, CanadaGeological Survey of Canada Contribution 20080395." Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 46, no. 9 (September 2009): 637–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/e09-034.
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Pollen and chironomid analyses and radiocarbon dating at Pye Lake on the eastern shore of Nova Scotia are used to outline the vegetation and climatic history of the area. The coast was deglaciated prior to ∼12 200 14C BP (14 300 cal BP), and herbaceous tundra vegetation invaded the area. Midge-inferred maximum summer surface-water temperatures in the lake ranged between 9 and 11 °C. Subsequent gradual warming to ∼18 °C by 10 800 14C BP (12 725 cal BP) favoured the migration of a variety of herbaceous and shrub taxa into the region. Rapid cooling to ∼10 °C saw vegetation revert to herbaceous tundra communities. This interval, related to the Younger Dryas cold interval of the North Atlantic and Europe, lasted until ∼10 000 14C BP (11 630 cal BP). The climate then warmed again to conditions similar to those that prevailed immediately before onset of Younger Dryas cooling. Further warming saw successive tree species migrate into the area until, by the mid-Holocene, the forests contained most of the taxa prevalent today. Since ∼3500 years ago, cooling of the climate has favoured conifer species over broad-leaved taxa. Agriculture and logging practices in the last 150 years have altered the forest composition, but pollen analysis of the most recent sediments cannot resolve these changes adequately.
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ALVES-JÚNIOR, FLAVIO DE ALMEIDA, ELINAI DOS SANTOS SILVA, MARINA DE SÁ LEITÃO CÂMARA DE ARAÚJO, IRENE CARDOSO, ARNAUD BERTRAND, and JESSER F. SOUZA-FILHO. "Taxonomy of deep-sea shrimps of the Superfamily Oplophoroidea Dana 1852 (Decapoda: Caridea) from Southwestern Atlantic." Zootaxa 4613, no. 3 (June 6, 2019): 401. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4613.3.1.
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In this paper, we provide some available information about the occurrence and some taxonomic aspects of 19 species from the Superfamily Oplophoroidea in the southwestern Atlantic (Brazilian waters), with the update to 22 species of Oplophoroidea occurring in Brazilian waters. Samples were collected during two sets of surveys. The first was performed in 2009 and 2011 in the Potiguar Basin in northeast of Brazil (03–05°S; 38–35°W; between the States of Ceará and Rio Grande do Norte) under the framework of the project “Avaliação da biota bentônica e planctônica da Bacia Potiguar e Ceará (Bpot)”, with samples collected from bottom trawls in the continental slope at depth ranging from 150–2068 m. Second, under the in the framework of the ABRACOS (Acoustic along the Brazilian coast), performed in 2015 and 2017 on seamounts and offshore areas in Northeast Brazil (Ceará Chain, Rio Grande do Norte and Rocas Atoll, Fernando de Noronha Archipelago and Pernambuco State), with samples with pelagic micronekton and mesopelagic nets, in depths ranging from 50–1260 m. We highlight the occurrence of 14 species of the family Acanthephyridae and 5 species of the family Oplophoridae, including the first occurrences of five species to Brazilian deep waters: Acanthephyra kingsleyi Spence Bate, 1888, Ephyrina ombango Crosnier & Forest, 1973, Meningodora compsa (Chace, 1940), M. longisulca Kikuchi, 1985 and Systellapsis curvispina Crosnier, 1987. These records increase the knowledge on deep-sea shrimps occurring in Southwestern Atlantic.
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Silva, Ana Catia Santos da, Lorena Andrade Nunes, Wanessa de Lima Batista, and Marcos Gonçalves Lhano. "Morphometric variation among males of Orphulella punctata (De Geer, 1773) (Acrididae: Gomphocerinae) from different biomes in Brazil." Journal of Orthoptera Research 27, no. 2 (December 5, 2018): 163–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/jor.27.21203.
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The objective of the present study was to examine variation in the shape and size of pronotum, hind femur, and head in the males of Orphulellapunctata (De Geer, 1773) from three different Brazilian biomes: the Cerrado, the Atlantic Forest, and the Pantanal. A total of 150 specimens were analyzed from three populations. The results of MANOVA indicated significant differences (p<0.01) in the shape of the analyzed structures of O.punctata from the different biomes. The results of ANOVA demonstrated significant differences (p<0.05) in the size of all analyzed structures. Pearson’s correlation analyses among the different structures and the environmental variables revealed that the shape of pronotum, hind femur, and head (dorsal view), as well as the size of pronotum and head (dorsal and lateral views) varied with the geographic longitude, while the shape of hind femur and head (dorsal view) showed a significant negative correlation with size. Results indicated that the shape and size of the analyzed structures, in general, were influenced by the geographical variables.
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Brockamp, O., and N. Clauer. "A km-scale illite alteration zone in sedimentary wall rocks adjacent to a hydrothermal fluorite vein deposit." Clay Minerals 40, no. 2 (June 2005): 245–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1180/0009855054020170.
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AbstractIn a study of wall-rock alteration in the 1.4 km long Würmtal adit at the Käfersteige hydrothermal vein deposit (northern Black Forest, Germany) illite was found to be the only clay mineral within the Bunter sandstone and intercalated claystone. Illite occurs mainly as a detrital mineral in the claystone, whereas it is hydrothermally neoformed in the sandstone, either in the pores or as an alteration product of K-feldspar. The extensive occurrence of authigenic illite along the entire 1.4 km long profile confirms that the fluids migrated far into the sandstone.The authigenic illite formed during a first pulse of high-temperature fluids (Th of ~220°C) with a low salinity (~1 wt.% NaCleq). These fluids also dissolved Sr and Rb from detrital illite of the claystones at the vein. A later hydrothermal pulse with a lower temperature (~70–150°C) and higher salinity (21–28 wt.% NaCleq) silicified the sandstone adjacent to the vein and caused partial substitution of OH- by F- in the structure of the detrital and neoformed illite along the profile.Within analytical error, the K-Ar dates for the neoformed illite of the <2 µm fraction are the same along the profile (~150 Ma). During this hydrothermal process, the age of the detrital illite within the claystone was reset from 310 to 190 Ma. The illite-rich <0.2 µm fractions yield ages of ~142 Ma (sandstone) indicating a Jurassic origin. The uniform age data for illite in the sandstone and in the claystone are probably due to extensive migration of hot fluids through the wall rocks.The hydrothermal fluids are attributed to recycled meteoric water and brines that ascended from the basement into the cover rocks during the opening of the North Atlantic and/or the nearby Tethys area.
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Klingaman, Nicholas P., Jason Butke, Daniel J. Leathers, Kevin R. Brinson, and Elsa Nickl. "Mesoscale Simulations of the Land Surface Effects of Historical Logging in a Moist Continental Climate Regime." Journal of Applied Meteorology and Climatology 47, no. 8 (August 1, 2008): 2166–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/2008jamc1765.1.
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Abstract An enhanced knowledge of the feedbacks from land surface changes on regional climates is of great importance in the attribution of climate change. To explore the effects of deforestation on a midlatitude climate regime, two sets of two five-member ensembles of 28-day simulations were conducted using the fifth-generation Pennsylvania State University–National Center for Atmospheric Research Mesoscale Model (MM5) coupled to the “Noah” land surface model. The four ensembles represented conditions in summer (August) and winter (February) across the northern mid-Atlantic United States before and after extensive late-nineteenth-century logging of hardwood forests in central and northern Pennsylvania. Prelogging ensembles prescribed a vegetative cover of an evergreen needleleaf forest; postlogging ensembles prescribed sparse vegetation and bare soil to simulate clear-cut deforestation. The results of the MM5 experiments showed a decided seasonality in the response of the land surface–atmosphere system to deforestation, with much stronger effects arising in summer. In August, deforestation caused a repartitioning of the surface energy budget, beginning with a decrease in the latent heat flux of more than 60 W m−2 across the land cover–forcing area, representing almost one-half of the latent heat flux under prelogging land cover. Concomitant with this decrease in evapotranspiration, mean 2-m air temperatures warmed by at least 1.5°C. Increases in sensible heat flux led to a 150-m mean increase in the height of the atmospheric boundary layer over the deforested area. Low-level atmospheric mixing ratios and total precipitation decreased under clear-cut conditions. Mean soil moisture increased in all model levels to 150 cm because of a decrease in vegetative uptake of water, except at the 5-cm level at which such decreases were effectively balanced by greater soil evaporation and less precipitation. A strong diurnal variation in the response to deforestation of ground and lower-atmosphere temperatures and heat fluxes was also identified for the summer season. The February simulations showed the effects of deforestation during low-insolation months to be small and variable. The strong response of the summer land surface–atmosphere system to deforestation shown here suggests that land cover changes can appreciably affect regional climates. Thus, the role of human-induced and naturally occurring land cover variability should not be ignored in the attribution of climate change.
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Jory, Tainara Thais, and Rodrigo Machado Feitosa. "First survey of the ants (Hymenoptera, Formicidae) of Piauí: filling a major knowledge gap about ant diversity in Brazil." Papéis Avulsos de Zoologia 60 (March 19, 2020): e20206014. http://dx.doi.org/10.11606/1807-0205/2020.60.14.
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Piauí, a Brazilian Northeast state, has been considered one of the most important regions for the presence of new taxa in ants globally, especially considering the ecosystems’ diversity formed by the transition of the three biomes in the state, the Cerrado, Caatinga and the Atlantic Forest. Despite the recent increase in studies of ant diversity in the Neotropical region, Piauí still represents a major knowledge gap regarding its ant fauna. Therefore, this study aimed to increase the knowledge about the ant fauna of the state by generating a list of species with data obtained from the literature, online repositories and collection expeditions to the Serra da Capivara and Serra das Confusões National Parks. A total of 152 species in 52 genera and nine subfamilies were registered from 24 localities in Piauí. Fifty-eight out the 152 species recorded represent new records for the state, eight are new records for the Brazilian Northeast Region, and one consists of a new record for the country. Eleven species are here recognized as new for science. Considering the field expeditions carried out here, this work represents the first standardized study for the ant fauna of Piauí. The species list presented considerably exceeds the current number of species registered for the state so far. From the present 48 records, the number of species for Piauí raises to more than 150 with a tendency to increase with the accomplishment of future field endeavors and advances in the study of the local ants.
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Faria, Deborah. "Phyllostomid bats of a fragmented landscape in the north-eastern Atlantic forest, Brazil." Journal of Tropical Ecology 22, no. 5 (July 27, 2006): 531–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0266467406003385.
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This paper addresses the effects of habitat fragmentation on the phyllostomid bats of the Atlantic rain forest in Brazil, by comparing community structure (species richness and capture frequency) and the frequency of three bat species sampled along 36 transects encompassing six habitat categories: interiors and edges of large (>1000 ha) and small fragments (<100 ha), and the surrounding matrix of second-growth forests and areas of shade cocoa plantation. Species composition, richness and total captures were not directly affected by forest size per se, although the frequency of one dominant forest species (Artibeus obscurus) was significantly lower in small fragments compared with larger ones. The high connectivity among forest patches in the study area and the ability of some species to use the surrounding matrix of secondary forests and shade cocoa plantations possibly precludes the insularization effect. Qualitative habitat changes induced by fragmentation, such as edge formation and forest regrowth affected bat community structure; both modified habitats comprised a limited subset of the species assemblage found in the interiors of mature forests. The results presented here provide evidence of impoverished bat assemblages in man-modified habitats linked with deforestation and overall disturbances related with forest fragmentation.
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Fiorillo, Bruno F., Bruno R. da Silva, Frederico Alcântara Menezes, Otavio A. V. Marques, and Marcio Martins. "Composition and Natural History of Snakes from Etá Farm region, Sete Barras, south-eastern Brazil." ZooKeys 931 (April 30, 2020): 115–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.931.46882.
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Approximately 140 snake species are known to occur in the Atlantic Forest with nearly half being endemic to this ecoregion. However, the Atlantic forest is one of the most threatened tropical ecoregions, with only 16% of its original area remaining as forest. This extensive habitat loss must have had a negative effect on its snake fauna. Indeed, 53% of the threatened snakes of Brazil occur in the Atlantic forest. Therefore, basic natural history information that can potentially contribute to the conservation of Atlantic forest snakes are urgently needed. Here the natural history of a snake assemblage at Etá Farm region, Sete Barras municipality, south-eastern Brazil is described, and a visual guide and an identification key provided that can be used by researchers and local people to identify snakes from this region. Most of the species found in the field use both open areas and forests, are primarily terrestrial, present diurnal activity, and include frogs in their diet. A higher number of enlarged follicles, eggs, and/or embryos were recorded during the warm and rainy season. Seventeen different types of defensive tactics were recorded in the species found in the field. This study provides useful information for understanding the structure of snake assemblages of the Atlantic Forest and is potentially useful for conservation assessments and for designing conservation plans.
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Ready, P. D., J. C. Day, A. A. de Souza, E. F. Rangel, and C. R. Davies. "Mitochondrial DNA characterization of populations of Lutzomyia whitmani (Diptera: Psychodidae) incriminated in the peri-domestic and silvatic transmission of Leishmania species in Brazil." Bulletin of Entomological Research 87, no. 2 (April 1997): 187–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0007485300027346.
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AbstractA comparative analysis was performed on 18 mitochondrial DNA sequences, or haplotypes, of Lutzomyia (Nyssomyia) whitmani (Antunes & Coutinho) isolated by PCR from 28 individual flies originating from 10 Brazilian locations 150–2500 km apart. A phylogenetic analysis using maximum parsimony indicated support for three to four major lineages (Outgroups were haplotypes of Lutzomyia (Nyssomyia) intermedia (Lutz & Neiva)). One L. whitmani lineage was found in the Atlantic Forest zone of the North East, including the species' type locality, and is distinct from a second monophyletic group of haplotypes located in the drier interior of Brazil, stretching from the Tropic of Capricorn to Teresina just outside Amazonia. This provides no support for a previous hypothesis that L. whitmani sensu stricto is a single form widely-distributed south of Amazonia, and characterized by derived anthropophilic and synanthropic behavioural traits. The ranges of both lineages include populations incriminated in the peri-domestic transmission of Leishmania braziliensis sensu stricto. A third, Amazonian, group of haplotypes was less well-defined. It appears to consist of two sub-lineages which, like the two Leishmania species associated with them, are strictly silvatic and are separated by the Amazon floodplain. The zoophily of the Amazonian populations was not shown to be an ancestral trait. The geographical distributions of the Brazilian lineages are concordant with the broad patterns of bioclimate believed to have persisted since the late Tertiary period. These findings are part of ongoing research on the behavioural genetics of L. whitmani sensu lato aimed at understanding the evolution and maintenance of peri-domestic transmission of human cutaneous leishmaniasis.
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Gauslaa, Y., K. Palmqvist, K. A. Solhaug, H. Holien, O. Hilmo, L. Nybakken, L. C. Myhre, and M. Ohlson. "Growth of epiphytic old forest lichens across climatic and successional gradients." Canadian Journal of Forest Research 37, no. 10 (October 2007): 1832–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/x07-048.
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This paper aims to assess the influence of canopy cover on lichen growth in boreal forests along a regional forest gradient. Biomass and area gain, and some acclimation traits, were assessed in the old-forest lichens Lobaria pulmonaria (L.) Hoffm., Pseudocyphellaria crocata (L.) Vain., and Usnea longissima Ach. transplanted 110 days in three successional Norway spruce ( Picea abies (L.) Karst.) forest stands (clearcut, young, and old forest) repeated along a rainfall gradient (continental, suboceanic, and Atlantic zones) in Scandinavia. Lichen growth peaked in Atlantic rainforests with mean dry matter (DM) gain up to 36%–38%. The alectorioid lichen U. longissima showed the widest range of growth responses and no signs of chlorophyll degradation. Its highest DM gain consistently occurred in clearcuts, whereas the DM gain was close to zero in the shadiest young forest. The two foliose lichens L. pulmonaria and P. crocata exhibited maximal growth rates in old forests, but apparently growth was limited by low light even in old forests. Their DM gain was reduced in the most sun-exposed clearcuts due to chlorophyll degradation and was relatively high under closed young canopies, suggesting a better adaptation to shade. The lichen responses show that a high frequency and dominance of young and dense fast-growing forest stands at a landscape level are not compatible with large populations of these old-forest lichens and that a lack of lichens under an industrial forestry regime may not necessarily be determined by low dispersal efficiency only.
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Da Silva Vieira, Martiniana, and Katharina Eichbaum Esteves. "Limnology of a coastal clear-water stream of the Atlantic Rain Forest, Southeast Brazil." Fundamental and Applied Limnology 154, no. 2 (May 29, 2002): 275–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1127/archiv-hydrobiol/154/2002/275.
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Anjos, Luiz dos, Graziele H. Volpato, Edson V. Lopes, Patrícia P. Serafini, Fabíola Poletto, and Alexandre Aleixo. "The importance of riparian forest for the maintenance of bird species richness in an Atlantic Forest remnant, southern Brazil." Revista Brasileira de Zoologia 24, no. 4 (December 2007): 1078–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0101-81752007000400027.
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We compared the composition and guild structure of bird communities of riparian and upland forest in an Atlantic forest reserve, the Godoy State Park (GP), in northern Paraná State, southern Brazil. Unlimited distance point counts were sampled monthly from September-December 2001, along four trails. Two trails in upland forest (TA and TB) were parallel to each other and about 300 m apart. Two trails in riparian forest (TC and TD) were along the Apertados River, about 100 m away from the river. A total of 145 species were recorded: 81 species were recorded in both upland and riparian forests, 19 species were recorded only in upland forest and 45 species were recorded exclusively in riparian forest. Among the 81 species occurring in both forest types, 18 species had significantly higher numbers of contacts in the riparian forest while only 8 species had significantly higher numbers of contacts in the upland forest. Taking into account the contacts numbers of the species the large frugivores guild was closely associated to the upland forest, while bamboo and vine-tangles insectivore, canopy insectivores, edge omnivores, ground omnivore and midstory insectivores were those more closely related to the riparian forest.
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Silva, Marília Dantas e., Mauro Ramalho, and Jaqueline Figuerêdo Rosa. "Annual survival rate of tropical stingless bee colonies (Meliponini): variation among habitats at the landscape scale in the Brazilian Atlantic Forest." Sociobiology 68, no. 1 (February 22, 2021): 5147. http://dx.doi.org/10.13102/sociobiology.v68i1.5147.
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Stingless social bees live in perennial colonies whose longevity is influenced by various ecological factors. This study analyzed the influence of habitat anthropization and native forest regeneration stage on the longevity of natural colonies at the landscape scale. Random sampling of 25x25m plots, totaling 30ha per habitat type, located and monitored 118 nests of 14 species in the forest and 105 nests of six species in the anthropic habitat. Significant differences in colony longevity were observed between young and long-lived forests and between long-lived forests and anthropized habitat. Shorter longevities have generally been associated with a set of smaller-bodied species residing in anthropized habitats. The greatest longevities were associated with the three abundant and exclusive forest species, and was similar in the two forest regeneration stages: Melipona scutellaris, Scaptotrigona xanthotricha and Scaptotrigona bipunctata had high annual survival rates ranging from 87% to 93%. Another abundant species in the landscape was Tetragonisca angustula, a small habitat-generalist with short longevity (63%) that varied among habitats. Euclidean distance analysis based on this generalist placed young forest closest to anthropic habitat, and grouped the replicates of long-lived forest. Considering spatial variation in the life history traits, we infer that, among prospective landscape habitats, the Atlantic Forest favors stingless bees with high colonial longevity. On the other hand, generalists, such as T. angustula, with shorter colonial longevity and high reproduction rates are being favored by the expansion of anthropized habitats in place of deforested areas.
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Sousa Neto, E., J. B. Carmo, M. Keller, S. C. Martins, L. F. Alves, S. A. Vieira, M. C. Piccolo, et al. "Soil-atmosphere exchange of nitrous oxide, methane and carbon dioxide in a gradient of elevation in the coastal Brazilian Atlantic forest." Biogeosciences 8, no. 3 (March 21, 2011): 733–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/bg-8-733-2011.
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Abstract. Soils of tropical forests are important to the global budgets of greenhouse gases. The Brazilian Atlantic Forest is the second largest tropical moist forest area of South America, after the vast Amazonian domain. This study aimed to investigate the emissions of nitrous oxide (N2O), carbon dioxide (CO2) and methane (CH4) fluxes along an altitudinal transect and the relation between these fluxes and other climatic, edaphic and biological variables (temperature, fine roots, litterfall, and soil moisture). Annual means of N2O flux were 3.9 (± 0.4), 1.0 (± 0.1), and 0.9 (± 0.2) ng N cm−2 h−1 at altitudes 100, 400, and 1000 m, respectively. On an annual basis, soils consumed CH4 at all altitudes with annual means of −1.0 (± 0.2), −1.8 (± 0.3), and −1.6 (± 0.1) mg m−2 d−1 at 100 m, 400 m and 1000 m, respectively. Estimated mean annual fluxes of CO2 were 3.5, 3.6, and 3.4 μmol m−2 s−1 at altitudes 100, 400 and 1000 m, respectively. N2O fluxes were significantly influenced by soil moisture and temperature. Soil-atmosphere exchange of CH4 responded to changes in soil moisture. Carbon dioxide emissions were strongly influenced by soil temperature. While the temperature gradient observed at our sites is only an imperfect proxy for climatic warming, our results suggest that an increase in air and soil temperatures may result in increases in decomposition rates and gross inorganic nitrogen fluxes that could support consequent increases in soil N2O and CO2 emissions and soil CH4 consumption.
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Guidot, Alice, Erica Lumini, Jean-Claude Debaud, and Roland Marmeisse. "The Nuclear Ribosomal DNA Intergenic Spacer as a Target Sequence To Study Intraspecific Diversity of the Ectomycorrhizal Basidiomycete Hebeloma cylindrosporum Directly on Pinus Root Systems." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 65, no. 3 (March 1, 1999): 903–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.65.3.903-909.1999.
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ABSTRACT Polymorphism of the nuclear ribosomal DNA intergenic spacer (IGS) of the ectomycorrhizal basidiomycete Hebeloma cylindrosporum was studied to evaluate whether this sequence could be used in field studies to estimate the diversity of strains forming mycorrhizas on individual Pinus pinaster root systems. This sequence was amplified by PCR from 125 haploid homokaryotic strains collected in 14 P. pinaster stands along the Atlantic coast of France by using conserved oligonucleotide primers. Restriction enzyme digestion of the amplified 3.4-kbp-long IGS allowed us to characterize 24 alleles whose frequencies differed. Nine of these alleles were found only once, whereas about 60% of the strains contained four of the alleles. Local populations could be almost as diverse as the entire population along a 150-km stretch of coastline that was examined; for example, 13 alleles were found in a single forest stand. The IGS from one strain was partially sequenced, and the sequence data were used to design oligonucleotides which allowed separate PCR amplification of three different segments of the IGS. Most polymorphisms observed among the full-length IGS regions resulted from polymorphisms in an internal ca. 1,500-bp-long sequence characterized by length variations that may have resulted from variable numbers of a T2AG3 motif. This internal polymorphic sequence could not be amplified from the genomes of nine other Hebeloma species. Analysis of this internal sequence amplified from the haploid progenies of 10 fruiting bodies collected in a 70-m2 area resulted in identification of six allelic forms and seven distinct diplotypes out of the 21 possible different combinations. Moreover, optimization of the PCR conditions resulted in amplification of this sequence from more than 80% of the DNA samples extracted from individual H. cylindrosporum infectedP. pinaster mycorrhizal root tips, thus demonstrating the usefulness of this sequence for studying the below-ground diversity of mycorrhizas formed by genets belonging to the same fungal species.
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Garcia, Paulo Oswaldo, Arthur Sérgio Mouço Valente, Daniel Salgado Pifano, José Felipe Salomão Pessoa, Luiz Carlos Busato, Marco Aurélio Leite Fontes, and Ary Teixeira Oliveira-Filho. "Species composition and floristic relationships in southern Goiás forest enclaves." Rodriguésia 62, no. 1 (March 2011): 123–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/2175-7860201162109.
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Abstract Hinterland fragments of Atlantic forests situated in transitional areas are poorly known with respect to the effectsof human impacts on their species composition and regeneration. The purpose of this study was to describe andcharacterize the structure and composition of the tree community of forest remnants located in Itumbiara, GoiásState, Central Brazil, and to analyze their floristic relationship with other areas of seasonal and transitionalvegetation ecotones. Five forest fragments were chosen for tree community sampling. The survey was carried outusing PCQ (point-centered quarter) method and 25 points were distributed along linear transects totalling 125sampling units. Four live trees with circumference at breast height (1.30 m) > 15 cm were recorded at each point.The floristic and phytosociological surveys recorded 149 tree species belonging to 110 genera and 47 families.The analysis of similarity confirmed the ecotonal character with many generalist species and other with occasionaloccurrence in 'Cerrado' (woody savanna) and seasonal forests. The forest remnants in Itumbiara showed a hightree species diversity. In spite of this, the tree community species suggests higher similarity with savanna vegetation.
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CARUZO, MARIA BEATRIZ ROSSI, RAFAELA FREITAS DOS SANTOS, ANA CARLA FEIO, RENATA MARIA STROZI ALVES MEIRA, and RICARDA RIINA. "Redefinition of Croton macrobothrys (Euphorbiaceae), a tree species from the Brazilian Atlantic Forest, with the description of a new subspecies." Phytotaxa 273, no. 1 (September 5, 2016): 51. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.273.1.5.
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Croton macrobothrys subsp. septentrionalis, a new subspecies of section Cyclostigma from the Brazilian Atlantic Forest, is here described and illustrated. It occurs in moist forests between 100–1000 m of elevation in the states of Bahia, Alagoas, and NE Minas Gerais. Given this new finding, we expand the morphological delineation of Croton macrobothrys and update its geographic distribution. We also provide a key to the two subspecies and identify the name C. macrobothrys var. microbothrys as a nomen nudum under Croton echioideus in section Adenophylli.
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Padgurschi, Maíra C. G., Simone A. Vieira, Edson J. F. Stefani, Gabriela B. Nardoto, and Carlos A. Joly. "Nitrogen input by bamboos in neotropical forest: a new perspective." PeerJ 6 (November 29, 2018): e6024. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.6024.
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Background Nitrogen (N) is an important macronutrient that controls the productivity of ecosystems and biological nitrogen fixation (BNF) is a major source of N in terrestrial systems, particularly tropical forests. Bamboo dominates theses forests, but our knowledge regarding the role of bamboo in ecosystem functioning remains in its infancy. We investigated the importance of a native bamboo species to the N cycle of a Neotropical forest. Methods We selected 100 sample units (100 m2 each) in a pristine montane Atlantic Forest, in Brazil. We counted all the clumps and live culms of Merostachys neesii bamboo and calculated the specific and total leaf area, as well as litter production and respective N content. Potential N input was estimated based on available data on BNF rates for the same bamboo species, whose N input was then contextualized using information on N cycling components in the study area. Results With 4,000 live culms ha−1, the native bamboo may contribute up to 11.7 kg N ha−1 during summer (January to March) and 19.6 kg N ha−1 in winter (July to September). When extrapolated for annual values, M. neesii could contribute more than 60 kg N ha−1y−1. Discussion The bamboo species’ contribution to N input may be due to its abundance (habitat availability for microbial colonization) and the composition of the free-living N fixer community on its leaves (demonstrated in previous studies). Although some N is lost during decomposition, this input could mitigate the N deficit in the Atlantic Forest studied by at least 27%. Our findings suggest that M. neesii closely regulates N input and may better explain the high diversity and carbon stocks in the area. This is the first time that a study has investigated BNF using free-living N fixers on the phyllosphere of bamboo.
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Santos, Roberta De Jesus, Elmo Borges Azevedo Koch, Clarissa Machado Pinto Leite, Tiago Jordão Porto, and Jacques Hubert Charles Delabie. "An assessment of leaf-litter and epigaeic ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) living in different landscapes of the Atlantic Forest Biome in the State of Bahia, Brazil." Journal of Insect Biodiversity 5, no. 19 (November 15, 2017): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.12976/jib/2017.5.19.
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The Brazilian Atlantic Forest has a rich biodiversity increasingly threatened by human activities. Since the colonial period, the coast of the state of Bahia is among the most affected regions of Brazil by anthropic pressure. Bahia encloses Atlantic Forest remnants distributed in an area reaching 100-200 km along the east-west axis, by 1,000 km along the north-south axis, parallel to the coast of the Atlantic Ocean. We report hereafter the results of an intensive field survey of leaf litter and epigaeic ants realized in forest remnants of the Atlantic Forest landscapes within the original extension of the biome in 11 localities distributed along four degrees of latitude in the state of Bahia. In each site, 16 plots were collected using pitfall and eight using Winkler traps. We identified 391 ant species belonging to 71 genera and nine subfamilies. Among all species recorded, 21 were common to the whole 11 localities, while 98 species were recorded in a single locality. This study highlights the richness and diversity of epigaeic and leaf-litter ants living in the northern part of the Brazilian Atlantic Forest, and is one of the most representative soil ants’ inventories ever done in this biome for a single state of Brazil.
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CHOUIN, GÉRARD L., and CHRISTOPHER R. DECORSE. "PRELUDE TO THE ATLANTIC TRADE: NEW PERSPECTIVES ON SOUTHERN GHANA'S PRE-ATLANTIC HISTORY (800–1500)." Journal of African History 51, no. 2 (July 2010): 123–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021853710000241.
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ABSTRACTThe Ghanaian forest was well settled by agricultural communities prior to the opening of the Atlantic trade in the late fifteenth century. The most prominent of these settlements were earthworks sites, construction of which began in the first millennium ce and continued until their abrupt abandonment prior to the mid-fifteenth century. In this article, previous archaeological data are evaluated in light of current research to provide a plausible alternative hypothesis for the history of the Akan, placing that history in a much broader and deeper context.
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Cavalcanti, L. H., I. N. Ferreira, A. C. C. Bezerra, and A. A. A. Costa. "Microhabitats occupied by Myxomycetes in the Brazilian Atlantic Forest: Heliconiaceae inflorescences." Brazilian Journal of Biology 75, no. 4 (November 27, 2015): 859–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1519-6984.01714.
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Abstract The occurrence of Myxomycetes in Heliconia psittacorum L.f. inflorescences was researched within four conservation units located in Northeast Brazil, aiming at evaluating the occupation of this microhabitat in fragments of Atlantic Forest along an altitude between 30-750 m. Inflorescences attached to the plant were examined; dead flowers and bracts were collected to assemble moist chambers (368). Four families, four genera and 10 species were recorded. A preference was evidenced for a basic pH substrate and a predominance of calcareous species (5:1). The composition of the myxobiota in fragments pertaining to altitudes above 400 m was similar and differed significantly from the one found in fragments of lowland forests (<100 m). Physarum compressum and Arcyria cinerea are the most characteristic species of the studied myxobiota.
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Pereira, Olinto Liparini, Maria Catarina Megumi Kasuya, Arnaldo Chaer Borges, and Elza Fernandes de Araújo. "Morphological and molecular characterization of mycorrhizal fungi isolated from neotropical orchids in Brazil." Canadian Journal of Botany 83, no. 1 (January 1, 2005): 54–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/b04-151.
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To initiate a conservation program of the Orchidaceae from the Brazilian Atlantic rain forest with the purpose of ex situ conservation or reintroduction in the State of Minas Gerais, seven mycorrhizal Rhizoctonia-like fungal strains were isolated from roots of seven neotropical orchid species from three different Atlantic rain forest fragments. Taxonomic studies revealed that the isolates belong to the genera Ceratorhiza and Epulorhiza. The Epulorhiza isolates were identified as Epulorhiza repens (N. Bernard) R.T. Moore and Epulorhiza epiphytica Pereira, Rollemberg et Kasuya. RAPD analysis indicated higher polymorphism between Epulorhiza epiphytica and Epulorhiza repens than found in the PCRRFLP analysis. RAPD and morphological analyses indicated a degree of relatedness among the Ceratorhiza isolates obtained from the roots of different Oncidium species. A combination of morphological and molecular characterizations permitted integration of fungal strain identification with genetic relatedness among the isolates, thus allowing some inferences to be made on specificity of these endosymbionts under field conditions.Key words: biodiversity, Ceratorhiza, Epulorhiza, orchid mycorrhiza, Rhizoctonia-like, symbiosis, specificity.
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Sousa Neto, E., J. B. Carmo, M. Keller, S. C. Martins, L. F. Alves, S. A. Vieira, M. C. Piccolo, et al. "Soil-atmosphere exchange of nitrous oxide, methane and carbon dioxide in a gradient of elevation in the coastal Brazilian Atlantic forest." Biogeosciences Discussions 7, no. 4 (July 5, 2010): 5227–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/bgd-7-5227-2010.
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Abstract. Soils of tropical forests are important to the global budgets of greenhouse gases. The Brazilian Atlantic Forest is the second largest tropical moist forest area of South America, after the vast Amazonian domain. This study aimed to investigate the emissions of Nitrous Oxide (N2O) and Carbon Dioxide (CO2) as well as methane (CH4) emissions and consumptions along an altitudinal transect and the relation between these fluxes and other climatic, edaphic and biological variables (temperature, fine roots, litterfall, and soil moisture). Annual means of N2O flux were 2.6 (±0.5), 0.9 (±0.1), and 0.7 (±0.2) ng N cm−2 h−1 at altitudes 100, 400, and 1000 m, respectively. On an annual basis, soils consumed CH4 at all altitudes with annual means of −1.0 (±0.2), −1.8 (±0.1), and −1.6 (±0.3) mg m−2 d−1 at 100 m, 400 m and 1000 m, respectively. Although not sampled in the hottest and wettest portion of the year because of instrument malfunctions, mean fluxes of CO2 averaged 3.6 (±0.2), 3.5 (±0.3), and 3.1 (±0.3) μmol m−2 s−1 at altitudes 100, 400 and 1000 m, respectively. N2O fluxes were significantly influenced by soil moisture and temperature. Soil-atmosphere exchange of methane responded to changes in soil moisture. Carbon dioxide emissions were strongly influenced by soil temperature. While the temperature gradient observed at our sites is only an imperfect proxy for climate warming, our results suggest that increasing temperatures will result in increased in microbial activity with a consequent increase in soil N2O and CO2 emissions and soil CH4 consumption.
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Lebamba, J., A. Ngomanda, A. Vincens, D. Jolly, C. Favier, H. Elenga, and I. Bentaleb. "A reconstruction of Atlantic Central African biomes and forest succession stages derived from modern pollen data and plant functional types." Climate of the Past Discussions 5, no. 1 (January 15, 2009): 153–202. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/cpd-5-153-2009.
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Abstract. New detailed vegetation reconstructions are proposed in Atlantic Central Africa from a modern pollen data set derived from 199 sites (Cameroon, Gabon and Congo) including 131 new sites. In this study, the concept of plant functional classification is improved with new and more detailed plant functional types (PFTs) and new aggregations of pollen taxa. Using the biomisation method, we reconstructed (1) modern potential biomes and (2) potential succession stages of forest regeneration, a new approach in Atlantic Central African vegetation dynamics and ecosystem functioning reconstruction. When compared to local vegetation, potential biomes are correctly reconstructed (97.5% of the sites) and tropical evergreen to semi-evergreen forest (TRFO biome) is well identified from semi-deciduous forest (TSFO biome). When the potential biomes are superimposed on the White's vegetation map, only 76.4% of the sites are correctly reconstructed. But using botanical data, correspondence and cluster analyses, the 43 sites from Congo (Mayombe) evidence more affinities with those of central Gabon and so they can also be considered as correctly reconstructed as TRFO biome and White's map must be revised. In terms of potential succession stages of forest regeneration, the mature forest (TMFO) is well differentiated from the secondary forest (TSFE), but inside this latter group, the young and the pioneer stages are not clearly identified due probably to their low sampling representation. Moreover, linked to their progressive and mosaic character, the boundaries between two forest biomes or two forest stages are not clearly detected and need also a more intensive sampling in such transitions.
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RODRIGUES, MIGUEL TREFAUT, MAURO JR TEIXEIRA, RENATO SOUSA RECODER, FRANCISCO DAL VECHIO, ROBERTA DAMASCENO, and KATIA CRISTINA MACHADO PELLEGRINO. "A new species of Leposoma (Squamata: Gymnophthalmidae) with four fingers from the Atlantic Forest central corridor in Bahia, Brazil." Zootaxa 3635, no. 4 (March 28, 2013): 459–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3635.4.7.
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Leposoma sinepollex sp. nov., a new species of the scincoides group, is described from a mountain region in the Atlantic Forest central corridor in state of Bahia, Brazil. The new species is characterized by elongate dorsal and lanceolate ventral scales arranged in diagonal rows, a single and smooth frontonasal, five supraoculars, absence of pollex, third toe as long as or longer than fourth, absence of striations in lower part of head, parietals longer than wide and as long as interparietal, 27–29 dorsals, 25–29 scales around body, 17–19 ventrals, 12–14 total pores in the male (absent in females), 9–10 and 9–11 subdigital lamellae respectively under IV Finger and IV Toe, and strong sexual color dichromatism with a black pigmentation in the ventral parts of males, creamy in females. The new species is morphologically similar to Leposoma nanodactylus, sharing with it among other features the synapomorphic division of the first supraocular. Phylogenetic analyses of 981 bp of combined sequences (cyt b+ ND4) recovered also a strongly supported (PP=1,0; BP=100) sister relationship between both species. The new species and Leposoma nanodactylus are placed sister to all the other Atlantic Forest species, with L. baturitensis being the first to diverge in this radiation. We discuss the distribution of the Atlantic Forest Leposoma, as well as possible scenarios for the origin of the new species.
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Zangaro, Waldemar, Ricardo de Almeida Alves, Priscila Bochi de Souza, Leila Vergal Rostirola, Luiz Eduardo Azevedo Marques Lescano, Artur Berbel Lírio Rondina, and Marco Antonio Nogueira. "Succession and environmental variation influence soil exploration potential by fine roots and mycorrhizal fungi in an Atlantic ecosystem in southern Brazil." Journal of Tropical Ecology 30, no. 3 (March 10, 2014): 237–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0266467414000078.
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Abstract:Fast-growing plant species are plentiful at the early stages of succession and possess roots with greater capacity for soil exploration than slow-growing plant species of late stages. Thus, the dynamics of fine-root production, morphological traits and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal (AMF) infection intensity were assessed monthly over 1 y in the grassland, scrub, secondary and mature forests of the Atlantic Forest ecosystem, amounting to 13 consecutive samplings. Fine roots were sampled in three 100 × 100-m plots at each study site. Each plot was subdivided in five 20 × 100-m subplots and 15 soil samples were randomly taken from a depth of 0–5 cm in soil within each plot. The average of the fine-root dry mass increased from 1.39 mg cm−3 soil in the grassland to 3.37 mg cm−3 in the secondary forest; fine-root tip diameter varied from 146 μm in the grassland to 303 μm in the mature forest; tissue density from 0.24 g cm−3 root in the grassland to 0.30 g cm−3 in the mature forest and fine-root length was 4.52 cm cm−3 soil in the grassland and 6.48 cm cm−3 soil in the secondary forest. On the other hand, fine-root specific length decreased from 43.9 m g−1 root to 18.3 m g−1 root in the mature forest; incidence of root hairs was 67% in the grassland and 30% in the mature forest; the length of root hairs was 215 μm in the grassland and 112 μm in the mature forest; and the intensity of AMF infection decreased from 66% in the grassland to 17% in the mature forest. In addition to AMF infection, the environmental variation also affected dry mass production and morphological traits of fine roots. During the cool season, fine-root dry mass, fine-root length, incidence and length of root hairs and intensity of AMF infection decreased compared with the warm season. We verified that the potential for soil exploration, that expresses the capacity for nutrient acquisition via fine roots and AMF infection intensity, decreased during the cool season and with the advance of the successional groups. These results indicate that fine-root traits and intensity of AMF infection are influenced by the intrinsic nutrient requirements of the plant species in each ecological group.
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Queiroz de Farias, Sabrina, Débora Medeiros, and Ricarda Riina. "A new species of dragon’s blood Croton (Euphorbiaceae) from Serra dos Órgãos (Rio de Janeiro, Brazil)." PhytoKeys 126 (June 28, 2019): 13–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.126.35649.
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Crotonrizzinii Farias & Riina, sp. nov. is a new species from Serra dos Órgãos National Park in the Atlantic Rain Forest domain (Rio de Janeiro state, Brazil). It is known from the municipalities of Guapimirim, Teresópolis and Petrópolis, where it grows in montane ombrophilous dense forest, between 500 and 1500 m elevation. This arborescent species belongs to CrotonsectionCyclostigma Griseb., a Neotropical lineage distributed in forest habitats from Mexico to northern Argentina. It is mainly characterised by its laciniate-glandular stipules, bracts with two inconspicuous glands (colleters) at the base and campanulate pistillate flowers with sepals covering the ovary. We describe and illustrate the new species, and compare it with close relatives occurring in the Atlantic Rain Forest. We also provide a distribution map, habitat information and suggestions for the assessment of its conservation status.
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Loures-Ribeiro, Alan, Marco A. Manhães, and Manoel M. Dias. "Sensitivity of understorey bird species in two different successional stages of the lowland Atlantic Forest, Brazil." Anais da Academia Brasileira de Ciências 83, no. 3 (July 22, 2011): 973–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0001-37652011005000022.
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The Atlantic Forest has a high destruction rate and there is little information available on some aspects of the neotropical bird biology. Changes in environment are important factors that affect the resources available to birds. We compared the species sensitivity level of understorey birds in two areas in distinct successional stages (primary and secondary sections). Two 100 ha plots of lowland Atlantic Forest were analysed between August and December 2006. Among 25 bird species recorded, thirteen had lower abundance in secondary forest, two in primary forest, and ten had not clear tendency. According to the criteria used, the percentages for species with low, and medium and high sensitivity to habitat change were 44% and 56%, respectively. The number of species was not associated with the endemism level or foraging strata. Results show the importance of knowing bird species' sensitivity level with regard to habitat modification, and not only forest fragmentation.
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Guarnier, Letícia, Fabricia Benda Oliveira, Carlos Henrique Rodrigues de Oliveira, and Vicente Sombra da Fonseca. "MULTI-SPATIOTEMPORAL SIMULATION OF EDGE EFFECT ON FOREST PATCHES IN THE BARRA SECA RIVER BASIN, ES." FLORESTA 50, no. 4 (September 29, 2020): 1864. http://dx.doi.org/10.5380/rf.v50i4.66577.
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The Atlantic Forest is intensely fragmented and this fragmentation process has caused an expressive increase of forest remnants and, consequently, increased edge effect with different physical-biological intensities in the transition areas between the patch and the matrix. This study used landscape metrics to understand and analyze how different edge effect distances affect the structure of the forest landscape in the Barra Seca River basin (ES), in 1985, 1996, 2006 and 2016. Remote sensing images were processed and using the Bhattacharya algorithm with supervised classification, the forest patches of the study area were classified and isolated. Landscape ecology metrics were computed with Patch Analyst and V-Late 2 Beta extensions. The forest patches were divided into four size classes as follows smaller than 5 ha (C1); between 5 and 10 ha (C2); between 10 and 100 ha (C3); and over 100 ha (C4). The edge effect simulation using landscape metrics was performed using the edge effect distances of 20, 40, 60, 80, 100, 140, and 200 m. Forest fragmentation increased between 1985 and 2016 while the number of patches greater than 100 ha decreased. Currently, the basin landscape consists mainly of small patches, which have larger relative areas affected by edge effect while many patches smaller than 10 ha are completely dominated by edge effect for distances greater than 60 meters. The edge effect simulation for different distances allowed verifying the intensification of the edge effect on the forest patches of the Barra Seca River basin.
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Silva, Marília Isabelle Oliveira da, Luiz Carlos Marangon, Ana Lícia Patriota Feliciano, and Marilia Alves Grugiki. "Composition and Diversity of Areas Under Restoration Process From the Brazilian Atlantic Forest." Journal of Agricultural Science 11, no. 9 (June 30, 2019): 154. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/jas.v11n9p154.
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The evaluation of the forest restoration scenario is of great importance, with floristic composition and diversity being among the most used ecological variables as indicators. This research aimed to identify the current situation, in terms of species composition and diversity, of two riparian forests under restoration based on a reference ecosystem, the Brazilian Atlantic Forest. Twenty permanent plots (250 m²) were located in areas under restoration process (AR1 and AR2) and in a forest fragment of the region which served as a reference ecosystem (ER). We sampled, identified and classified all tree individuals with CBH ≥ 15.0 cm in each plot. Aiming to understand species richness and diversity, besides the traditional indexes (Shannon and Simpson), we also estimated the effective numbers of Hill’s diversity (qD = 0, 1 and 2) considering rarefaction (P ≤ 0.05); and to detect floristic similarities among the study areas we performed a Principal Coordinate Analysis (PCoA). We found dissimilarity among ARs and ER, and the presence of exotic species, indicating that, as recommended, such reference should have been taken into account during the planning of the restoration action. Considering the effective numbers of species (qD) we found differences between the areas, species richness and diversity was higher in ER > AR2 > AR1. We also show that among the restoration areas, with the same age and submitted to the same conditions, AR2 has features that allow us to conclude that this area has a bigger chance of success in the restoration process. However, aiming environmental sustainability, we suggest that some corrective actions should be taken in order to favour the reestablishment of ecological processes in these areas.
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FREIRE, ELIZA MARIA XAVIER, ULISSES CARAMASCHI, and UBIRATAN GONÇALVES. "A new species of Dendrophidion (Serpentes: Colubridae) from the Atlantic Rain Forest of Northeastern Brazil." Zootaxa 2719, no. 1 (January 22, 2019): 62. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.2719.1.5.
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A new species of Dendrophidion belonging to the D. dendrophis species group is described from Mata do Engenho Coimbra (08°59’S, 35°53’W; 526 m above sea level), Municipality of Ibateguara, in the Atlantic Rainforest remnants of the State of Alagoas, northeastern Brazil. Dendrophidion atlantica sp. nov. is characterized by having 154–163 ventral scales, 140–160 subcaudal scales, tail length 62.2–74.8% of snout–vent length, collar absent, head uniformly brown and dorsal ground color brown, paler on anterior third, with cream transversal lines (one half a scale long), bordered anteriorly and posteriorly by dark brown lines (one half a scale long), distributed from the neck to the tail; hemipenis single, subcylindrical, unicapitate, and unicalyculate; calyces large, well defined, papillate; a series of 12 large spines just below the capitulum, on the asulcate and lateral sides; a series of four spines, two large laterals and two small between them, in the basal region of the asulcate side of the organ body; two large spines on the lateral distal areas of the sulcate side of the hemipenial body; sulcus spermaticus centrolineal, bifurcating at the tip of the capitulum.
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Correa, Gimena Picolo Amendola, Leandro Amendola Correa, Ana Aparecida da Silva Almeida, and Julio Cesar Raposo de Almeida. "Use of a water-retaining polymer in the cultivation substrate of palmito-juçara (Euterpe edulis Mart.)." Ambiente e Agua - An Interdisciplinary Journal of Applied Science 15, no. 7 (December 2, 2020): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.4136/ambi-agua.2526.
Full textAbstract:
Over the years, the natural landscape of Atlantic forest has undergone significant changes. Inventories carried out by the Fundação SOS Mata Atlântica and by the National Institute for Space Research (SOS Mata Atlântica and INPE, 2017), showed that 83.7% of the São Paulo territory initially covered by this biome has already been transformed into pasture, monoculture and other uses. This intensive exploration resulted in extensive degraded areas, resulting from abandonment after the loss of the productive capacity of the soil. For the recovery of physical and chemical characteristics and the reduction of soil loss due to erosive processes, forest species are planted. During planting and in the first weeks of plant growth, the lack or excess of water can limit development. In this case, an alternative used is to add water-retaining polymers to the soil that have the ability to increase water retention. This study evaluated the effect on the growth of Palmito-Juçara (Euterpe edulis Mart) seedlings of different doses of water-retaining polymer incorporated into the growing substrate, with watering on five consecutive days and with alternating watering for a period of three months in a nursery. The experiment started when the seedlings presented 220 days after sowing. The juçara plants were grown in plastic bags filled with 850 g of substrate composed of a mixture of peat, carbonized rice husk, horse manure, chicken manure, tanned bovine manure, mineral fertilizer and dolomitic limestone. To study the effect of the hydro-retaining polymer, the following doses of a polyacrylic potassium copolymer were added to the dry substrate: D0 = without adding the polymer to the substrate (control); D2 = 2g of polymer; D3 = 3 g of polymer; D4 = 4 g of polymer; and, D5 = 5 g of polymer. Each dose was combined with two irrigation regimes, watering for five consecutive days or alternating, in a 5 x 2 factorial arrangement, with 15 repetitions, totaling 150 experimental plots in a randomized block design. The transplanting of the seedlings to the bags took place in April 2019 and every 30 consecutive days, five individuals were collected from each dose and each type of irrigation (50 experimental plots / collection), that is, 3 collections (250 days, 280 days and 310 days after sowing). In each collection, the length of the leaves and the root system, the diameter of the stem, the height of the plant, the dry mass of the aerial part, the dry mass of the root and the total dry mass were measured. After checking the normality of the data and the homoscedasticity of the variances, analyses of variances were performed (ANOVA, p <0.05) and the differences between the means were compared using the Tukey test (p <0.05). The analysis of the results showed significant differences between the irrigations, with greater growth for the variables of leaf length, stem diameter, plant height and dry mass of the aerial part in the initial period of development of juçara plants. In the condition of irrigation in five consecutive days, the highlight was for dose D3 and, in alternate watering, for dose D5.
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Souza-Campana, Débora R. de, Otávio G. M. da Silva, Leonardo Menino, and Maria Santina de C. Morini. "Epigaeic ant (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) communities in urban parks located in Atlantic Forest biome." Check List 12, no. 5 (September 27, 2016): 1967. http://dx.doi.org/10.15560/12.5.1967.
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Urban parks offer refuge for numerous animal species, and some of these parks represent the remaining fragments of native forests. We evaluate the diversity and composition of epigaeic ant species (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) in urban parks located within the Atlantic Forest biome (Centenial Park, Leon Feffer Park and Villa Lobos Park). For our collections, we placed pitfall traps along 100-m line transects in areas both accessible and inaccessible to the public. A total of 46 species distributed in seven subfamilies were collected. The number of species did not differ among park areas, but the ant communities themselves differed. Native species, such as Strumigenys denticulata and S. louisianae, were collected in the most preserved natural areas in the parks. Generalist species composed the richest guild and were primarily found in areas with public access. Wasmannia auropunctata, Brachymyrmex heeri, Solenopsis sp. 2, and Solenopsis sp. 3 were classified with high value as biological indicators.
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VAZ, ALINE B. M., PAULA L. C. FONSECA, LAURA R. LEITE, FERNANDA BADOTTI, ANNA C. M. SALIM, FLAVIO M. G. ARAUJO, SARA CUADROS-ORELLANA, et al. "USING Next-Generation Sequencing (NGS) TO UNCOVER DIVERSITY OF WOOD-DECAYING FUNGI IN NEOTROPICAL ATLANTIC FORESTS." Phytotaxa 295, no. 1 (February 3, 2017): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.295.1.1.
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A targeted amplicon-based metagenomics approach (metabarcoding) provides detailed access to the diversity of the mycobiome in any substrate in distinct environments on Earth. Fungi are the main decomposers of lignocellulosic woody debris in terrestrial forested ecosystems, contributing significantly to the global carbon cycle. The main objectives of this study were to assess the fungal taxonomic diversity in fallen woody debris samples from two Neotropical forest fragments (rainforest and seasonal forest), to analyze the qualitative and quantitative components of the taxonomic diversity, and to investigate the functional diversity of the ecological groups detected. Our study comprised three main methodological steps: (i) sampling in the field; (ii) extraction of DNA, amplification of targeted segments and massively parallel sequencing; and (iii) data analysis and interpretation. A total of 110 molecular operational taxonomic units showing sequence similarity of 95% or more across the two collection sites using two DNA metabarcoding markers (ITS1 and ITS2) were assigned to putative fungal genera in 59 families, 27 orders, and 3 phyla. The number of putative fungal genera and the relative abundance of reads for each genus are higher in the tropical rainforest site than in the tropical seasonal forest site. Most of the identified genera are ligninolytic and cellulolytic and/or hemicellulolytic Basidiomycota (Agaricomycetes) and Ascomycota (Sordariomycetes), but “sugar fungi” and fungi associated with plants and detritivorous insects were also detected. This is the first study using NGS as a rapid and large-scale useful strategy to uncover the diversity of wood-decaying fungi in tropical forests.
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Oliveira, Marcondes A., Alexandre S. Grillo, and Marcelo Tabarelli. "Forest edge in the Brazilian Atlantic forest: drastic changes in tree species assemblages." Oryx 38, no. 4 (October 2004): 389–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0030605304000754.
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In this study we surveyed all trees ≥10 cm diameter at breast height within 20 0.1 ha plots in a 3,500 ha forest fragment, surrounded by sugar cane fields, of the Brazilian Atlantic forest to compare tree species assemblages at the forest edge (0–100 m into forest) vs forest interior (>200 m). Plots were perpendicular to the margin. The mean number of tree species was significantly higher in the forest interior (35.4 ± SD 7.1 vs 18.4 ± SD 4.4). In addition, forest edge differed from interior in the proportion of shade-tolerant, emergent, large/very large-fruited species, and large-seeded tree species. Among the 134 tree species recorded, 24% were exclusive to the forest edge and 57% to the forest interior. Our results suggest that both the current system of protected areas and archipelagos of small fragments (1) tend to retain only a subset of the original flora, (2) will converge in terms of floristic and ecological composition (biotic simplification and homogenization), and (3) will lose rare and threatened tree species.