Dissertations / Theses on the topic '1572'

En 1571 paraît, à Paris, Le Parnasse des poètes françois modernes – œuvre conçue comme un recueil de lieux communs, en vers, par Gilles Corrozet. Si la conception intellectuelle et esthétique du Parnasse revient à Gilles Corrozet (qui meurt en 1568), c’est néanmoins à son fils, Galliot Corrozet, que nous en devons l’édition en 1571, en 1572 et – surtout – en 1578. Gilles Corrozet y illustre, à travers plus d’une quarantaine de poètes français allant de la génération marotique à celle de la Pléiade, à la fois l’espace et le temps de la poésie française du XVIe siècle ; il y compile ainsi près de 400 fragments poétiques retenus pour leur saveur gnomique. En 1578, Galliot amplifie l’ouvrage de plus de 140 fragments venus des nouveaux talents des années 1570 (Desportes, Jamyn, De Brach…). Au sein de l’œuvre se crée ainsi une tension entre générations poétiques, entre la volonté de les compiler fidèlement et de les réécrire, afin de promouvoir par l’art poétique l’exercice éthique des « Amateurs des Muses et de Vertu ». L’édition critique de cette œuvre entend ainsi enquêter sur la culture allégorique choisie par Gilles Corrozet — le premier à désigner sous ce nom un recueil poétique en français — pour donner corps à cette République des Lettres
In 1571 is published Le Parnasse des poètes françois modernes in Paris – a work conceived as a commonplace-book, in verse, by Gilles Corrozet. The Parnasse's intellectual and aesthetic conception comes from Gilles Corrozet (who died in 1568), yet we owe to his son, Galliot Corrozet, the edition of 1571, of 1572 and – especially – of 1578. Gilles Corrozet illustrates there, through more than forty French poets ranging from the Marotic generation to that of the Pléiade, both the space and the time of 16th-century French poetry. He compiled nearly 400 poetic fragments picked for their gnomic flavor. In 1578 Galliot amplified the work with more than 140 fragments from new talents of the 1570s (Desportes, Jamyn, De Brach…). The work thus creates a tension between poetic generations, between the desire to compile them faithfully and to rewrite them, in order to promote through poetic art the ethical exercise of "Lovers of Muses and Virtue". The critical edition of this work intends to investigate the allegorical culture chosen by Gilles Corrozet – the first to give this name to a poetic collection in French – in order to give body to this Republic of Letters

This purpose of this dissertation is to ascertain whether solar sublimation is a viable method for the deflection of a Near Earth Asteroid. From a research view point, the methods and analysis are applicable to proximal motion around a celestial body, in particular one with a non-Keplerian or irregular orbit as in the case here with the orbit being constantly altered by the deflection action and subject to perturbations, such as solar radiation pressure. Two concepts, and the corresponding dynamics and control, are presented based on previous trade-off and optimisation studies. The first uses a paraboloidic reflector to concentrate the solar radiation onto a solar-pumped laser, which is then directed onto a specific spot on the NEO by a small directional mirror. The spacecraft orbits are designed to fly in formation with the asteroid around the Sun, and are based on the orbital element differences. The formation orbits were optimised based on a number of single and multiple objective functions. A feedback control law is presented for the orbital maintenance required to counteract the solar radiation pressure (due primarily to the large surface area of the primary reflector), and the third-body effects due to the gravitational field of the asteroid. The second option takes advantage of the balance between the gravity attraction of the NEO and solar pressure acting on the collector. The mirror focuses the light directly onto the asteroid surface, controlling the beam by adjusting the focal point of the primary reflector. By altering the shape of the mirror surface, both the focal point and the vector of the solar radiation pressure can be manipulated. An interesting navigation strategy is proposed based on the attitude measurements, the inertial position of each spacecraft, the intersatellite position and velocity measurements, and a 2D image from a rotating onboard camera. The navigational data is used for both the orbital control of the spacecraft and for the beam pointing. The results of simulations of a hypothetical deflection mission of the asteroid Apophis are presented for the dynamics, control, attitude and navigation, accounting for solar radiation pressure, the gravity field of the asteroid, and the deviation of the NEO orbit. The results show that both concepts provide the required deflection with a feasible mass at launch, solving most of the issues related to the solar sublimation method. One of the critical aspects of this deflection concept is properly placing the concentrators in the proximity of the asteroid in order to avoid the plume impingement and the occultation from the asteroid itself. Issues regarding the contamination of the mirrors are addressed and compared with the simulated deflections predicted considering no contamination. Lastly, initial system mass budgets are presented.

Analyses of the nature and structure of scientific theories have predominantly focused on formalisation. The Received View of scientific theories considers theories as axiomatised sets of sentences. In Hilbert-style formalisation theories are considered formal axiomatic calculi to which interpretation is supplied by a set of correspondence rules. The Received View has long been abandoned. The Semantic View of scientific theories also considers theories as formal systems. In the Semantic conception, a theory is identified with the class of intended models of the formal language, if the theory were to be given such linguistic form. The proponents of the Semantic View, however, hold that this class of models can be directly defined without recourse to a formal language. Just like its predecessor, the Semantic View is also not free of untenable implications. The uniting feature of the arguments m this work is the topic of theoretical representation of phenomena. The Semantic View implies that theoretical representation conies about by the use of some model, which belongs to the class that constitutes the theory. However, this is not what we see when we scrutinise the features of actual representation models in physics. In this work particular emphasis is given to how representation models are constructed in Classical Mechanics and Nuclear Physics and what conceptual resources are used in their construction. The characteristics that these models demonstrate instruct us that to regard them as families of theoretical models, as the Semantic View purports, is to obscure how they are constructed, what is used for their construction, how they function and how they relate to the theory. For instance, representation models are devices that frequently postulate physical mechanisms for which the theory does not provide explanations. Thus it seems more appropriate to claim that these representation devices mediate between theory and experiment, and at the same time possess a partial independence from theory. Furthermore, when we focus our attention to the ways by which representation models are constructed we discern that they are the result of the processes of abstraction and concretisation. These processes are operative in theoretical representation and they demand our attention if we are to explicate how theories represent phenomena in their domains.

Colen Campbell (c.1676-1729) is remembered for his contribution to English architecture in the early eighteenth century, and most notably for his authorship of three volumes of the architectural book Vitruvius Britannicus. In recent interpretations, Campbell's part in this venture has been called into question, assigning him the role of a mere draughtsman, only promoted to author due to circumstantial pressures. This thesis aims to contribute to the existing scholarly work by taking into consideration the drawings for the production of Vitruvius Britannicus, which have hitherto remained understudied. These drawings will be used as the basis for my investigation of the production of Vitruvius Britannicus. I also supply the first catalogue raisonné of these drawings. Across five chapters, I trace the production of Vitruvius Britannicus in the order in which it occurred. This chronology is reflected in the structure of my thesis. Chapter I sets out the provenance of the Campbell drawings and investigates their purpose and technique, both in the categories of drawing for building and drawing for engraving. Chapter II presents the origins of the designs included by Campbell in Vitruvius Britannicus. Chapter III investigates possible origins of the book in Scotland, by looking at three disparate individuals who may have provided Campbell with graphic material or skills needed for the production. In addition, visual material Campbell certainly utilised when in London is analysed. Chapter IV considers the accuracy of the source material which Campbell adopted, drawing on specific remaining examples. Chapter V deals with the final stage of production, the transformation of the drawings to engravings. The engraver for Vitruvius Britannicus, Henry Hulsbergh, is investigated, as is another, unidentified, engraver who assisted in the production of volume I. I present a challenge to the recent interpretations of Vitruvius Britannicus, and add to the existing understanding of the role which Campbell played in the production. I develop a hitherto unexplored interpretation of the genesis of the book, emphasising Campbell's own Scottish origins, and promote the view that he was instrumental in the conceptualisation of its production from the earliest stages.

Diss.--Philosophie--New York--City Univ. of NY, 1981.
Catalogue raisonné des oeuvres de J. Maillard p. 169-203. Réunit la musique de messes, motets et autres oeuvres vocales sacrées p. 204-281. Bibliogr. p. 289-309.

This study attempts to analyse the relationship between government at the centre - exemplified by the Privy Council and the court of Star Chamber - and government in the localities - in particular, Wales - between the years 1540 and 1572, a period sometimes referred to as a time of 'mid-Tudor crisis'. Although the problems in Wales can be compared with those in other remote reaches of the realm, it was unique in several respects: its history, language, culture, and, not least, the later date at which it was fully absorbed into the English system of government and administration. This uniqueness was in part recognised: hence the statutory recognition of the Council in the Marches and the creation of the courts of Great Sessions. In 1540 the details of Wales' union with England had yet to be filled in, the Privy Council had only recently been constituted, and the court of Star Chamber had developed into one of the major courts of the realm. This thesis relies heavily on the extant sources of these two bodies, though others are also used when possible. In the Privy Council's relationship with Wales there seems to have been certain areas of concern: defence, law and order, piracy, and the supervision of local officials. Surprisingly, the Privy Council does not appear to have felt it necessary to make frequent decisions regarding religion in Wales, despite the religious changes of this period. Wales and Welsh affairs were dealt with in an ad hoc manner, when and as they arose, though at the same time the Privy Council was apparently eager to exert its authority whenever it could, even in relatively trivial matters. However, it is clear that the system whereby the Privy Council was obliged to rely upon local officials to carry out a wide range of governmental duties even though those very individuals were often guilty of partiality, corruption, or laxity, had many weaknesses and limitations. As far as Welsh litigation in Star Chamber is concerned, three main groups of disputes can be discerned: misdemeanours of local officials; offences pertaining to breaches of the peace; and land disputes. This latter category constituted a large proportion of Star Chamber suits; even though in theory such matters did not lie within the court's jurisdiction, they frequently found their way there by the inclusion within the bills of charges relating to them such as forgery, forcible ouster, and the like. Suitors - and defendants - were predominantly the gentry: the grievances they took to Star Chamber must have been considered to be very important given the time and expense involved. The records of the Privy Council and Star Chamber thus reveal the nature, extent, and problems of government in the sixteenth century. They also clearly illustrate the competitive social climate of the time: there was intense rivalry amongst the gentry for land, position, and status. The gentry were crucial to good order and government in the localities, but often their personal ambitions interfered with their public duties. Despite the tension in society which this produced, the loyalty of the gentry was never really in question at this time: ultimately they realised that their ambitions could best be served by service to the Crown.

The PhD examines the web of meanings elicited by and constructed around the act and concept of massacre in English Renaissance drama. The study is underpinned by two contentions. The first is that the enactment of massacre, both on and off-stage, is often predicated upon the same kinds of fictive and imaginative processes inherent to dramatic practice. The second is that the 1572 St Bartholomew’s Day Massacre in Paris was instrumental to conceptualisations of Renaissance massacre. Bartholomew, along with its most flagrant dramatic depiction, Christopher Marlowe’s The Massacre at Paris (1593), anchors every part of the study. The thesis is split thematically into three sections, each of which contains two chapters. The first part explores the language of massacre. Chapter 1 examines the denotations and connotations of the word massacre in French and English. Chapter 2 looks at the means through which the rhetoric of massacre reports prompt emotional responses in readers and spectators. Part two investigates the relationship between massacre and the state. Chapter 3 explores massacres committed from ‘above’ by ruling or de facto powers. Chapter 4 considers inverse phenomena – massacres committed from ‘below’ – by usurpers, lesser magistrates, and private individuals. The final part examines the relationship between massacre and warfare. Chapter 5 explores massacres committed by external forces – from ‘without’ – and explores the contribution of massacre to wars of conquest, sieges, and sacks. Chapter 6 addresses massacres committed ‘within’, examining inter-state conflicts and the internal logic of battle. The thesis concludes by gesturing to the continuation of key theorisations of massacres after the closure of the theatres in 1642.

Le cardinal Giacomo Serra, issu d’une riche famille marchande génoise, est connu pour son rôle comme protecteur de Rubens dans la commande du maître-autel de la Chiesa Nuova (1606-1608) et comme mécène du Guerchin, qui réalisa au moins cinq tableaux destinés à sa collection particulière (1619-1620). Bien qu’il constitue un acteur essentiel à des moments-clés de la production de deux artistes de premier ordre, Serra ne ressort nullement du panorama artistique et culturel de son époque et sa personnalité reste méconnue. À travers une reconstitution de son entourage familial, de ses réseaux sociaux, de ses fonctions à la curie et de sa position socio-politique, nous éclairons ici sa personnalité et précisons son rôle dans le contexte du mécénat artistique du premier quart du XVIIe siècle en Italie. La première partie de ce travail est consacrée à la famille Serra et à ses proches parents et associés, les Pallavicino, à leur position socio-politique à Gênes, leurs activités financières en Europe et leurs rapports avec Rubens. Dans la seconde partie, nous analysons les fonctions et le cercle social et culturel de Serra alors qu’il était clerc de la Chambre Apostolique (1601-1608), ainsi que la nature de son intervention dans la commande de la Chiesa Nuova. La troisième partie traite du rôle qu’il joua dans les grandes entreprises artistiques et urbanistiques de Paul V en tant que trésorier général du Saint-Siège, puis cardinal protrésorier (1608-1615). Dans la dernière partie, nous décrivons l’entourage, les réalisations et le mécénat du cardinal durant sa légation à Ferrare (1615-1623) et reconsidérons son rôle dans l’affirmation professionnelle et artistique du jeune Guerchin
Cardinal Giacomo Serra, scion of a wealthy Genoese merchant family, is known as a protector of Rubens in the commission of the high altar of the Chiesa Nuova (1606-1608) and as a patron of Guercino, who produced at least five paintings for him (1619-1620). Although Serra is a main actor in key moments of the production of these two masters, he doesn’t stand out from the artistic and cultural milieu of his time and his importance remains underacknowledged. Through a reconstruction of his family entourage, his social networks, his functions at the Roman curia, and his socio-political position, I describe his personality and the key role he played in Italian artistic patronage of the opening decades of the 17th century. The first part of this study focuses on Serra’s immediate family as well as his relatives and associates, the Pallavicino. I pay particular attention to their social position in Genoa, their financial activities in Europe, and their relationship with Rubens. In the second part, I analyze Serra’s administrative functions and his social and cultural circle while he was a cleric of the Apostolic Chamber (1601-1608). Drawing on this context, I then address the nature of his intervention in the Chiesa Nuova commission. The third part considers the role he played in Paul V’s great artistic and urban undertakings, as general treasurer of the Holy See and then as cardinal as well (1608-1615). In the last part, I describe Cardinal Serra’s coterie, social and urban projects, and patronage during his legation in Ferrara (1615-1623) and reconsider his role in the professional and artistic advancement of the young Guercino

Les oeuvres de machiavel ont donne lieu, entre 1572 et 1643 a plusieurs polemiques qui sont ici examinees par rapport aux evenements des guerres de religion et aux modifications du regime politique qui ont suivi leur fin. Est etudie l'antimachiavellisme de certains auteurs huguenots, fonde sur la notion de la tyrannie, celui d'i. Gentillet, d'inspiration humaniste, celui des ligueurs, produit de leur conception "panreligieuse" de la politique et celui de j. Bodin dont la conception de la souverainete etait incompatible avec les analyses machiavelliennes de la republique romaine. Sont etudiees aussi les premieres apologies parues vers 1640. Celles-ci sont examinees surtout par rapport a la crise generale des codes moraux et a l'emergence dans la pensee moderne du "moi"
Debates on machiavelli's works between 1572 et 1643 are considered here in relationship to the religion wars and their consequences on the evolution of the french political system. We have examined huguenot antimachiavellism founded on the notion of tyranny as well as gentillet's humanist oriented contribution. We have also studied the "ligueur" antimachiavellism, a by-product of their all-religious conception of politics and j. Bodin's opposition to machiavelli which was, we argue, linked to his own concept of sovereignty. To the apologies in favor of machiavelli, written in the 1640s have been paid particular attention. Their are linked, we argue, with the crisis of the feudal codes of morality as well as with the appearance of the theme of the "conscience" in modern thought

DE LA TESI:

Certs fenòmens físics, per exemple el soroll tèrmic, la temperatura, la pressió i la velocitat del vent en un observatori meteorològic, es formalitzen mitjançant un procés aleatori unidimensional indexat en un interval de la recta real que generalment simbolitza el temps. Hi ha però altres situacions on és més natural considerar famílies de variables aleatòries indexades en una part de R(n) (n>/=2), com són la propagació de les ones en una superfície, la densitat electrònica dins el volum de l'àtom, la temperatura a la superfície de la terra, les tensions mecàniques dins d'un sòlid, etc...

El desenvolupament de la teoria dels processos estocàstics a paràmetre multidimensional és relativament recent; no és fins els treballs de Wong i Zakai (1974) i Carioli i Walsh (1975) que aquesta teoria, i en especial la dels processos biparamètrics, adquireix importància.

La teoria general dels processos indexats en R(2) no consisteix en una generalització inmediata dels conceptes i resultats obtinguts en el cas uniparamètric. La dificultat que planteja la geometria de l'espai a l'hora de definir nocions com "passat" i "futur" fa que algunes propietats certes en R ja no ho siguin en R i conceptes tan impotants com el de martingala o la propietat de Markov admetin més d'una generalització.

Aquest treball s'enmarca en el camp dels processos estocàstics biparamètrics i en especial es centra en les integrals estocàstiques en el pla.

Thesis (Ph. D.) -- University of Maryland, College Park, 2004.
Thesis research directed by: Agricultural and Resource Economics. Title from t.p. of PDF. Includes bibliographical references. Published by UMI Dissertation Services, Ann Arbor, Mich. Also available in paper.

This thesis presents a method for combining GPU programming with traditional programming to create a fluid simulation based watercolor tool for artists. This application provides a graphical interface and a canvas upon which artists can create simulated watercolors in real time. The GPU, or Graphics Processing Unit, is an effcient and highly parallel processor located on the graphics card of a computer; GPU programming is touted as a way to improve performance in graphics and non–graphics applications. The effectiveness of this method in speeding up large, general purpose programs, however, is found here to be disappointing. In a small application with minimal CPU/GPU interaction, theoretical speedups of 10 times maybe achieved, but with the limitations of communication speed between the GPU and the CPU, gains are slight when this method is used in conjunction with traditional programming.

A study is made of the ever-growing worldwide social pandemic of workplace bullying. We define workplace bullying in terms of its characteristics and distinguish it from unfair discrimination in the form of harassment. A survey is presented of its occurrence worldwide and how it manifests as an organisational conflict, both as hierarchical and horizontal abuse. This is analysed in terms of a social science perspective. We consider grievance reporting as an indication of trends in workplace bullying and discuss the limitations of such reporting. We review the consequent effects of such limitations on the health of workers and workplace efficiency and note the shortcomings of existing labour law in dealing with this inadequacy. Our findings are summarised, with recommendations for resolving this conflict situation.

Kernel-level malware is one of the most dangerous threats to the security of users on the Internet, so there is an urgent need for its detection. The most popular detection approach is misuse-based detection. However, it cannot catch up with today's advanced malware that increasingly apply polymorphism and obfuscation. In this thesis, we present our integrity-based detection for kernel-level malware, which does not rely on the specific features of malware. We have developed an integrity analysis system that can derive and monitor integrity properties for commodity operating systems kernels. In our system, we focus on two classes of integrity properties: data invariants and integrity of Kernel Queue (KQ) requests. We adopt static analysis for data invariant detection and overcome several technical challenges: field-sensitivity, array-sensitivity, and pointer analysis. We identify data invariants that are critical to system runtime integrity from Linux kernel 2.4.32 and Windows Research Kernel (WRK) with very low false positive rate and very low false negative rate. We then develop an Invariant Monitor to guard these data invariants against real-world malware. In our experiment, we are able to use Invariant Monitor to detect ten real-world Linux rootkits and nine real-world Windows malware and one synthetic Windows malware. We leverage static and dynamic analysis of kernel and device drivers to learn the legitimate KQ requests. Based on the learned KQ requests, we build KQguard to protect KQs. At runtime, KQguard rejects all the unknown KQ requests that cannot be validated. We apply KQguard on WRK and Linux kernel, and extensive experimental evaluation shows that KQguard is efficient (up to 5.6% overhead) and effective (capable of achieving zero false positives against representative benign workloads after appropriate training and very low false negatives against 125 real-world malware and nine synthetic attacks). In our system, Invariant Monitor and KQguard cooperate together to protect data invariants and KQs in the target kernel. By monitoring these integrity properties, we can detect malware by its violation of these integrity properties during execution.

The installed capacity of European Offshore Wind Turbines (OWT) is likely to rise from the 2014 value of 7GW to 150GW in 2030. However maintenance of OWT is facing unprecedented challenges and cost 35% of lifetime costs. This will be equivalent to £14billion/year by 2030 if current OWT maintenance schemes are not changed. However the complexities around OWT operation require tools and systems to optimise OWT maintenance. The design of optimal OWT maintenance requires failure analysis of over 10,000 components in OWT for which there is little published work relating to performance and failure. In this work, inspection reports of over 400 wind turbine gearboxes (source: Stork Technical Services) and SCADA data (source: Shetland Aerogenerators Ltd) were studied to identify issues with performance and failures in wind turbines. A modified framework of Failure Mode Effects and Criticality Analysis (i.e. FMECA+) was designed to analyse failures according to the unique requirements of OWT maintenance planners. The FMECA+ framework enables analysis and prediction of failures for varied root causes, and determines their consequences over short and long periods of time. A software tool has been developed around FMECA+ framework that enables prediction of component level failures for varied root causes. The tool currently stores over 800 such instances. The need to develop a FMECA+ based Enterprise Resource Planning tool has been identified and preliminary results obtained from its development have been shown. Such a software package will routinely manage OWT data, predict failures in components, manage resources and plan an optimal maintenance. This will solve some big problems that OWT maintenance planners currently face. This will also support the use of SCADA and condition monitoring data in planning OWT maintenance, something which has been difficult to manage for a long time.

In this thesis, a numerical and theoretical investigation of the Pulsed Pressure Chemical Vapour Deposition (PP-CVD) progress is presented. This process is a novel method for the deposition of thin films of materials from either liquid or gaseous precursors. PP-CVD operates in an unsteady manner whereby timed pulsed of the precursor are injected into a continuously evacuated reactor volume. A non-dimensional parameter indicating the extent of continuum breakdown under strong temporal gradients is developed. Experimental measurements, supplemented by basic continuum simulations, reveal that spatio-temporal breakdown of the continuum condition occurs within the reactor volume. This means that the use of continuum equation based solvers for modelling the flow field is inappropriate. In this thesis, appropriate methods are developed for modelling unsteady non-continuum flows, centred on the particle-based Direct Simulation Monte Carlo (DSMC) method. As a first step, a basic particle tracking method and single processor DSMC code are used to investigate the physical mechanisms for the high precursor conversion efficiency and deposition uniformity observed in experimental reactors. This investigation reveals that at soon after the completion of the PP-CVD injection phase, the precursor particles have an approximately uniform distribution within the reactor volume. The particles then simply diffuse to the substrate during the pump-down phase, during which the rate of diffusion greatly exceeds the rate at which particles can be removed from the reactor. Higher precursor conversion efficiency was found to correlate with smaller size carrier gas molecules and moderate reactor peak pressure. An unsteady sampling routine for a general parallel DSMC method called PDSC, allowing the simulation of time-dependent flow problems in the near continuum range, is then developed in detail. Nearest neighbour collision routines are also implemented and verified for this code. A post-processing procedure called DSMC Rapid Ensemble Averaging Method (DREAM) is developed to improve the statistical scatter in the results while minimising both memory and simulation time. This method builds an ensemble average of repeated runs over small number of sampling intervals prior to the sampling point of interest by restarting the flow using either xi a Maxwellian distribution based on macroscopic properties for near equilibrium flows (DREAM-I) or output instantaneous particle data obtained by the original unsteady sampling of PDSC for strongly non-equilibrium flows (DREAM-II). The method is validated by simulating shock tube flow and the development of simple Couette flow. Unsteady PDSC is found to accurately predict the flow field in both cases with significantly reduced run-times over single processor code and DREAM greatly reduces the statistical scatter in the results while maintaining accurate particle velocity distributions. Verification simulations are conducted involving the interaction of shocks over wedges and a benchmark study against other DSMC code is conducted. The unsteady PDSC routines are then used to simulate the PP-CVD injection phase. These simulations reveal the complex flow phenomena present during this stage. The initial expansion is highly unsteady; however a quasi-steady jet structure forms within the reactor after this initial stage. The simulations give additional evidence that the collapse of the jet at the end of the injection phase results in an approximately uniform distribution of precursor throughout the reactor volume. Advanced modelling methods and the future work required for development of the PP-CVD method are then proposed. These methods will allow all configurations of reactor to be modelled while reducing the computational expense of the simulations.

The use of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) counselling and testing (HCT) is a necessary component of implementing HIV prevention and control programs in Nigeria. Knowledge, acceptance, and use of HCT remain low in Nigeria, especially among young people ages 15 to 24 years. The purpose of this study was to ascertain how sociodemographic factors (i.e., gender, place of residence, level of education, geopolitical zone, and socioeconomic status [SES]); cognitive factors (i.e., HCT awareness, knowledge of HIV prevention, and knowledge of HIV transmission); and knowledge of sexual risk behaviors affected HCT uptake among young people in Nigeria using data from the 2013 National HIV/AIDS and Reproductive Health Survey Plus. The study was guided by the social cognitive theory. The sample was composed of 10,091 young people ages 15 to 24 years from all geopolitical zones, SES, and educational backgrounds in Nigeria. Multiple regressions and multivariate comparisons revealed a significant relationship between HCT awareness and HCT uptake (p < .001) and between knowledge of HIV prevention and HCT uptake (p < .001). Sociodemographic variables of gender, place of residence, level of education, geopolitical zone, and SES were also significantly associated with HCT uptake. The sexual risk behavior variables tested were not significantly associated with HCT uptake among young people in Nigeria. The implications for positive social change include providing public health professionals with data to plan and implement HCT awareness and knowledge programs for young people in Nigeria that could increase HCT uptake and reduce the incidence of HIV/AIDS.

Aspects of thermal convection in the Earth's fluid core in the presence of a strong azimuthal magnetic field may be understood by considering a horizontal plane layer, rotating about the vertical z axis, with gravity acting downwards and containing an applied magnetic field aligned in the y (azimuthal) direction. Since the OMB is not smooth, the effects of adding bumps (with axes perpendicular to the applied magnetic field) to the top boundary of the layer are investigated in the magnetogeostrophic limit. The arbitrary geostrophic flow that arises under this limit is evaluated using a modified Taylor constraint. The bumps distort the isotherms so that they are not aligned with equipotential surfaces, leading to an imperfect configuration. This means that a hydrostatic balance is not possible, and motion ensues. This motion takes the form of a steady transverse convection roll, with axis parallel to the bumps. The roll exists for all values of the Rayleigh number, except that value for which the corresponding homogeneous problem in the standard plane layer has a solution. The roll obeys Taylor's constraint, and has no associated geostrophic flow. The stability of this roll to perturbation by oblique rolls (which are preferred for 0(1) values of the Elsasser number) is considered. It is found that the most unstable linear mode consists of a pair of these oblique rolls, aligned so that no geostrophic flow is accelerated by their interaction with the basic state. Hence, the stability results obtained here are identical to those found by perturbing the hydrostatic conduction solution with oblique rolls in the standard layer. Finally, the nonlinear evolution through the Ekman regime of these linear instabilities is considered. It is found that the nonlinear convection behaves similarly to mean field dynamo models which incorporate a geostrophic nonlinearity. Various types of Ekman solution are found, and evolution to Taylor states is observed.

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Esta dissertação refere-se a um estudo, que teve como objetivo investigar e analisar as contribuições do ensino na disciplina de Libras no curso de Pedagogia da Universidade de Pernambuco/ UPE, Campus Petrolina, para a formação de professores. A temática abordada foi referendada com os estudos de Nóvoa (1999), Tardif (2012), Quadros (1997, 2006) Lopes (2011) entre outros. Como procedimento metodológico, optou-se pela abordagem qualitativa, na modadlidade estudo de caso. Os sujeitos que participaram desta pesquisa foram a coordenadora do curso de Pedagogia da UPE, a professora da disciplina de Libras, três alunas que estavam cursando a disciplina de Libras e dois alunos egressos que cursaram essa disciplina, totalizando sete participantes. Definiram-se como técnicas de investigação e coleta de dados, a leitura e análise de documentos, a entrevista semiestruturada, realizada com todos os participantes, a observação de campo, acompanhando a prática pedagógica da professora junto aos seus alunos, com registros fotográficos e filmagens e o diário de campo. Como procedimento de análise dos dados, foi feita uma aproximação com os pressupostos da técnica de análise de conteúdo proposta por Bardin (2011), em que as informações obtidas foram categorizadas. Os resultados encontrados nesta pesquisa evidenciaram que a implementação da disciplina de Libras no curso de Pedagogia trouxe contribuições notáveis para a formação de professores, no que se refere à aquisição de saberes necessários para atuar com os alunos surdos. Por outro lado, contatou-se que a carga horária destinada à disciplina de Libras é insuficiente para que os alunos adquiram fluência em Libras.
This theme of this master degree thesis is the contributions given by the study of the discipline of Libras to the education of the teachers of the pedagogy course of the State University of the State of Pernambuco (Universidade Estadual de Pernambuco-UPE) Campus Petrolina. The matter was based on the works of Nóvoa (1999), Tardif (2012), Quadros (1997, 2006) and Lopes (2011) among the others. The analysis was performed as a case-study, with a qualitative approach. Seven persons participated to the enquire: the coordinator of the course of pedagogy; the teacher of the discipline of Libras, three students of the subject and two former students. Investigation and data collections were performed by reading and analysis of documents, semi-structured interviews with all the subjects who participated to the study and field observations following the pedagogic activities of the teacher together with the students. Data were recorded as film footages, photos and as a field book. Data were further analyzed according to Bardin (2011), dividing data into categories. The results of the study show the inclusion of the discipline of Libras in the course of pedagogy gave a significant contribution to the formation of the teacher with reference to the work with deaf students, but this course does not occupy a sufficient number of hours to develop fluency in Libras the students.

Thesis (MScEng (Electrical and Electronic Engineering))--University of Stellenbosch, 2006.
The design of an electrically small planar antenna for compact circular polarization is presented. After an in-depth study of the performance limitations on electrically small antennas and an investigation into the working of various existing electrically small antennas, the design, simulation and measurement of the proposed antenna element is presented in detail.

This project chronicles an in-depth character study on the Manic Pixie Dream Girl trope in film. The term was coined in 2007 by a film critic about a very specific kind of female character—one who exists “solely in the fevered imaginations of sensitive writer-directors to teach broodingly soulful young men to embrace life and its infinite mysteries and adventures.” The MPDG has often been written off as nothing more than a stereotype or sexist characterization of a woman, but I argue that the MPDG can be much more than a flat character, as evidenced by the increasingly complex characterization of the MPDG in independent film. Based on case studies of several films, I discuss how the MPDG has grown from a supporting archetype into a well-rounded and multi-dimensional character. Based on a history of female depiction in film, a discussion of the critical interpretations of the MPDG, and these case studies, I argue that the MPDG has the potential to exist as a complex and realistic character rather than just an archetype.

Water-soluble deep-cavity cavitands provide a rare opportunity to study self-assembly driven by the hydrophobic effect. These molecular hosts dimerize in the presence of certain guest molecules to form water-soluble molecular capsules. These systems have given rise to numerous novel chemical phenomena and have potential use in drug delivery. The host octaacid (OA) has been particularly well-characterized, but studies are limited to basic pH because of limited host solubility. Herein we report an improved synthesis of OA and the syntheses of three new water-soluble deep-cavity cavitands. The new hosts are soluble at neutral pH, increasing relevance for biological studies. The new syntheses are versatile enough to apply to the synthesis of additional water- soluble cavitands in the future. We also describe preliminary characterization of the molecular recognition properties of the new hosts. Binding of organic guest molecules to form 1:1 host:guest complexes and 2:1 host:guest capsules was qualitatively similar to that of OA. However, binding of anions spanning the Hofmeister series revealed interesting new behavior. The new hosts bound a wider range of anions inside the hydrophobic pocket with much higher association constants. Moreover, external binding of several anions to the cavitand pendant feet was observed. Looking towards biological applications, we desired to learn how these molecules interact with phospholipid membranes. Six water-soluble cavitands were tested for their ability to permeabilize liposomal POPC membranes. One host showed very high potency in permeabilizing membranes, while three other hosts showed moderate activity. Host binding of POPC was found to be at least one factor in host-induced permeabilization. A requenching assay to determine leakage mechanism strongly supported all-or-none leakage, whereby some vesicles lose all contents while others lose none. These results suggest that these cavitands induce partial transient leakage of vesicles by the formation of transient membrane pores. These findings show potential for the use of these hosts as drug delivery carriers, antimicrobial compounds, and tools in membrane alteration studies.

Dissertação de Mestrado apresentada à Universidade Fernando Pessoa como parte dos requisitos para obtenção do grau de Mestre em Psicopedagogia Perceptiva.
La recherche présentée dans ce mémoire vise à identifier les dynamiques à l’oeuvre dans leur processus d’apprentissage, chez des adultes confrontés à des difficultés perceptives en formation de somato-psychopédagogue. Ce travail est donc centré sur des difficultés rencontrées dans le cadre de la formation de l’adulte et plus précisément, dans le cadre très spécifique de la formation en somato-psychopédagogie, en relation avec un apprentissage perceptif. Si, d'une certaine façon, elles font partie du processus d’apprentissage, leur persistance dans un parcours de professionnalisation en somato-psychopédagogie, où la compétence perceptive est un élément central, peut être vécue comme un handicap voire une souffrance. La raison d’être de ce travail est donc de contribuer à un enrichissement des dispositifs d’accompagnement des personnes rencontrant ce type de difficultés, en formation de somato-psychopédagogie. A investigação apresentada neste trabalho visa identificar as dinâmicas existentes nos processos de aprendizagem junto de adultos confrontados com dificuldades perceptivas em formação de somato-psicopedagogia. Este trabalho centra-se então sobre as dificuldades encontradas no contexto da formação de adulto e mais precisamente no quadro muito específico da formação em somato-psicopedagogia. Se, de uma certa forma, elas fazem parte do processo de aprendizagem, a sua persistência num percurso de profissionalização em somato-psicopedagogia, na qual a competência perceptiva é um elemento central, pode ser vivenciada como um handicap ou seja um sofrimento. A razão de ser deste trabalho é então contribuir ao enriquecimento dos dispositivos de acompanhamento das pessoas que encontram este tipo de dificuldades, em formação de somato-psicopedagogia.

Dissertação de Mestrado Integrado em Medicina Veterinária
A cardiomiopatia dilatada (CMD) é uma doença muito importante no seio das doenças cardiovasculares caninas, sendo uma das mais frequentes. Caracteriza-se principalmente por uma redução gradual e progressiva da contractilidade miocárdica que determina uma disfunção inicialmente sistólica, marcada por uma evolução lenta que se encontra equilibrada pelos sistemas compensatórios do organismo. Contudo, a falência destes mecanismos leva ao súbito desenvolvimento de sintomatologia sendo, a maioria dos casos de CMD, apenas diagnosticados por esta altura. O diagnóstico baseia-se essencialmente no uso da ecocardiografia, do electrocardiograma e da radiologia, sendo o prognóstico reservado com um percurso invariavelmente fatal. Porém, a terapêutica permite manter a condição de vida do paciente e prolongar a sobrevivência. Este trabalho visa inicialmente o estágio realizado no Instituto Veterinário do Parque (IVP) seguindo-se a abordagem ao tema, que começa por uma revisão dos conhecimentos existentes sobre a CMD, tentando desenvolver-se uma pesquisa o mais completa possível. O estudo centra-se na avaliação clínica dos animais afectados presentes à consulta entre Setembro de 2008 e Julho de 2009 (n=13), com o recurso à ecocardiografia e ao electrocardiograma, fazendo-se uma análise geral das alterações observadas, da medicação instituída e um acompanhamento de três casos clínicos nos quais é possível perceber a progressão da doença e os efeitos terapêuticos. É apresentada, ainda, a prevalência desta doença no IVP (1,06%), a idade e raça dos pacientes, onde se deve realçar dois animais Serra da Estrela, cuja importância se destaca por se tratar de uma raça autóctone de relevância nacional.
ABSTRACT - Dilated Cardiomyopathy, in view of 13 clinical cases Dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) is a very relevant and prevalent disease in dogs, being one of the main affections of the cardiovascular system. It occurs mainly in pure large breed dogs and is characterized by a slow progression that is maintained, without being noticed, by the cardiovascular compensatory system. The disease leads to a progressive reduction of miocardic contractility which determines, initially, a systolic dysfunction. Compensatory mechanisms, that are efficient in the beginning, end up failing through the DCM progression, which provokes the development of symptoms. The majority of the DCM cases are diagnosed by this time. Diagnose is essentially based on echocardiographic, electrocardiographic and radiologic observations. Prognosis is poor and always leads to death. Therapy administration can initially stabilize the patient and offers an opportunity to extend the survival time. This work, at beginning, is related to the practice period developed in Instituto Veterinário do Parque (IVP), where the referred cases have been diagnosed. A revision of the actual knowledge of the disease have been made, which assists the reading and understanding of the study developed. The study is centered on the clinical evaluation of DCM affected animals presented to IVP since September 08 until July 09 (n=13). The analysis was made recurring to echocardiography, electrocardiogram, and considering general changes and drugs administered. Besides, tree clinical cases have been followed, in which is possible to understand disease progression and therapeutic effects. It has been determined the DCM prevalence in IVP (1.06%) and the age and breed of the patients. Considering patient’s breeds, it should be raised two Serra da Estrela dogs, which belong to an autochthonous breed with national relevance.

O presente trabalho está dividido em dois capítulos distintos, designadamente, o projeto de investigação desenvolvido no Centro Hospitalar Cova da Beira (CHCB), que aborda o consumo de medicamentos associado a doenças crónicas, neste caso a hipertensão, e a descrição do estágio realizado na Farmácia Misericórdia de Ponte de Lima, Portugal. As intervenções para melhorar o controlo da pressão arterial (PA) em hipertensos têm tido um sucesso limitado na prática clínica, apesar das evidências da terapêutica não farmacológica e farmacológica na prevenção de doenças cardiovasculares, reveladas em ensaios clínicos. O principal objetivo deste estudo consistiu na avaliação dos principais fatores de risco cardiovascular presentes nos doentes hipertensos da consulta de HTA/Dislipidémia do CHCB. Constituem igualmente objetivos deste estudo a análise da percentagem de doentes hipertensos com a PA controlada e avaliação da medicação anti-hipertensora prescrita na mesma população. Foi realizado um estudo prospetivo da população mencionada através da realização de um questionário e da análise dos processos clínicos dos hipertensos adultos (18 ou mais anos de idade), seguidos na consulta de hipertensão / dislipidémia do CHCB, Covilhã, de Março a Agosto de 2012. No capítulo 2 são descritos os conhecimentos adquiridos durante o estágio realizado na Farmácia Misericórdia de Ponte de Lima, bem como, todos os parâmetros inerentes ao funcionamento de uma farmácia comunitária. O estágio teve como principal objetivo o contacto com a realidade da profissão farmacêutica, aplicação prática e a consolidação dos conceitos adquiridos ao longo do curso.
This work is divided in two distinct chapters, one concerning the investigation project developed in Centro Hospitalar Cova da Beira (CHCB) that approaches the medication consumption associated to chronic diseases, such as hypertension, and the other one consists in the description of the internship made in the Misericórdia pharmacy of Ponte de Lima, Portugal. The interventions to improve blood pressure control in hypertensive subjects have limited success in clinical practice, despite the evidence regarding pharmacologic and non pharmacologic therapies, showed in clinical trials. This study aims to evaluate the main cardiovascular risk factors present in hypertensive patients followed in the hypertension / dyslipidemia appointments from CHCB. It was also our aim to analyse the number (fraction) of hypertensive patients with controlled BP and to evaluate the antihypertensive medication prescribed in that population.. A prospective study was conducted, in the mentioned population, trough the realization of an inquiry and the analysis of the clinical processes of the hypertensive adults (18 years of age or more), followed in the hypertension / dyslipidemia consultations of CHCB in Covilhã, from March to August of 2012. The second chapter describes the knowledge acquired during the internship made in the Misericórdia pharmacy of Ponte de Lima, along with the parameters inherent to the functioning of a community pharmacy. The primary objectives of the internship were the connection of the student with the reality of the pharmaceutical profession and to apply and consolidate the concepts learned through the course.

O trabalho apresentado nesta tese representa uma contribuição para a optimização da codificação da fala. Utilizam-se para o efeito modelos de codificação baseados em filtros LP (filtros de Predição Linear) de parâmetros variáveis no tempo, contrastando com os modelos fixos utilizados nos métodos convencionais. Nestes, a adaptação dos filtros de predição realiza-se simplesmente através de actualizações periódicas dos seus parâmetros, não traduzindo por isso uma evolução gradual e contínua ao longo do tempo. A técnica utilizada na implementação dos modelos variáveis tem por base a utilização de funções do tipo B-spline na representação das formas de onda dos parâmetros LP. Para o estudo da viabilidade do modelo proposto, analisou-se o desempenho de um vocoder de predição linear incluindo, quer o modelo LP de parâmetros variáveis, quer o modelo LP de parâmetros fixos convencional, por forma a possibilitar a comparação de desempenhos. Dos resultados obtidos concluímos que a codificação de fala por modelos variáveis no tempo, embora não tenha evidenciado vantagens convincentes, pode ser encarada como outra forma de codificação, competindo por isso com as metodologias já existentes. The work presented in this thesis aims at to be a contribution to speech coding. To accomplish this objective, coding models based on LP filters (Linear Predictive Filters) with time-varying parameters are used, and compared with fixed models used in conventional methods. In these models, the predictive filters adaptation is carried on simply through periodic updatings of its parameters, therefore doesn’t representing a gradual and continuous evolution in time. The technique used in varying models implementation is based on the utilization of B-spline like functions to represent the LP parameters waveforms. In order to make a viability study of the proposed model, the performance of a linear predictive vocoder was analyzed, including both the LP model with varying parameters and the conventional LP model with fixed parameters, thus enabling the comparison of their performances. From the results, we concluded that speech coding by time-varying models, although it had not demonstrated clear benefits, can be viewed as another coding way, therefore competing with the already existing methodologies.

Práctica Supervisada (IC)--FCEFN-UNC, 2014
Refiere a la localidad de San Antonio de Arredondo, situada en el departamento Punilla, provincia de Córdoba, Argentina. La principal fuente de ingreso es el turismo, ubicada en un valle entre las Sierras Chicas y las Sierras Grandes sobre el río San Antonio. El cuerpo receptor final de estudio es el Lago San Roque debido a que el río San Antonio, que es la descarga directa de nuestra planta, desemboca en el mismo. Dicho proyecto consiste en la realización de una planta de tratamiento de líquidos cloacales con tratamiento terciario para la localidad mencionada.

En las instalaciones de La Estación Experimental IVITA el Mantaro se evaluó el efecto de suplementar con ensilado, afrechillo de trigo y una mezcla de afrechillo más harina de pescado a ovinos que pastoreaban una pastura cultivada, sobre la ganancia diaria cuatro meses de edad y 20.2 Kg. de pesó vivo o en promedio, durante un periodo de 56 días.
At IVITA’s El Mantaro Reserarch Station n the central Andean Mantaro Valley was evaluated the effect of enhancing whit silage, wheat’s bran, and mixture of bran and fish meal to sheep that were grazed cultivated pasture.
Tesis

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Currently, the use of Virtual Reality technology has opened the possibility to use computers with an interaction level superior to the traditional interfaces based on keyboards and mouse. This is achieved trough devices that allow to insert the users vitually in a computer generated environment. In this virtual environment the user can visualize and manipulate, in three dimensions, virtual objects that are part of it, with the possibility of interacting with them in a similar way like the real world. The degree of interaction in virtual environments is influenced by the capability of track certain parts of body, such as the head, the hand or even the whole body. Also, it is important that this environment enable the execution of certain operations that allow a user interact with a virtual object in real world fashion, providing the feeling that he or she is immersed in another reality. Unfortunately, the cost of such equipments and the amount of wires that need to be attached to the user body, among others restrictions, limit the use of Virtual Reality in everyday life. This work aims to present an alternative to the position and orientation tracker hardware used to track the user hand. Its contribution is to use Image Processing and Computer Vision techniques to implement a video image based hand tracker. To do so, the project is divided in three distinct phases. The first phase detects the hand in an image through skin color segmentation. In this phase, four skin segmentation algorithms are implement and many tests are realized with two skin models and two color space. The second phase calculates the hand position and two algorithms are implemented and tested. In the third phase, the hand orientation is obtained through a Computer Vision technique called Image Moments. After that, through the contour hand analysis, some features are detected, such as fingertips, valleys between the fingers and the wrist. These features can be used to get the 3D hand position and orientation. Along this text each development phase, the techniques used, and its respective results are described in detail.
Atualmente, a tecnologia de Realidade Virtual permite utilizar computadores com um grau de interação superior às interfaces tradicionais, baseadas apenas no teclado e no mouse, através de dispositivos que permitem inserir o usuário em um ambiente gerado em computadores. Neste ambiente virtual, o usuário pode visualizar em três dimensões os objetos que o compõe, com a possibilidade de interagir com os mesmos de maneira semelhante ao que ocorre no mundo real. O grau de interatividade em um ambiente virtual é influenciado pela capacidade do ambiente de rastrear determinadas partes do corpo, como a cabeça, a mão, ou até mesmo o corpo inteiro. Também é importante que este ambiente proporcione a execução de determinadas operações, que permitam o usuário interagir com um objeto virtual como se fosse um objeto real, promovendo a sensação de que o primeiro estava imerso em outra realidade. Infelizmente, o custo de tais equipamentos e a quantidade de fios necessários para conectá-los ao corpo do usuário, além de outras restrições, limitam a utilização da Realidade Virtual na vida diária. Este trabalho objetiva apresentar uma alternativa ao rastreador de posição e orientação utilizado para rastrear a mão.A sua contribuição é fazer uso das técnicas de Processamento de Imagens e Visão Computacional para implementar um rastreador de mão baseado em imagens de câmeras de vídeo. Para isto, o projeto foi divido em três fases distintas. A primeira fase detecta a mão em uma imagem através da segmentação de pele. Nesta fase, quatro algoritmos de segmentação de pele são implementados e vários testes são realizados, utilizando dois espaços de cores e dois modelos de cores. A segunda fase determina a posição da mão. Nesta fase dois algoritmos são implementados e testados. Na terceira a fase, a orientação da mão é determinada através de uma técnica conhecida na Visão Computacional denominada Momentos de Imagem. Em seguida, através da análise do contorno da mão, algumas características são detectadas, como as pontas dos dedos, os vales entre os dedos e o pulso, as quais podem ser utilizadas para calcular a posição e orientação da mão em 3D. Ao longo deste volume descreve-se em maiores detalhes cada fase de desenvolvimento do projeto juntamente com as técnicas utilizadas e seus respectivos resultados.

Submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirement for the degree MAGISTER TECHNOLOGIAE IN TOURISM AND EVENT MANAGEMENT Faculty of Business CAPE PENINSULA UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY 2014
Sporting events like the Beijing Olympic Games have grown big, and have assumed increased importance on a global scale. The hosting of mega-events such as the Olympics comes with many challenges that have to be dealt with. For this reason, an understanding of the impact of the Olympic Games for the Chinese economy was important to the host community both before and after the Games. This study investigated the impact of the Beijing Olympic Games and set out to understand the problems and challenges in more detail, and to examine the implementation of the plans and the realisation of the anticipated benefits. Sporting events attracting large numbers of visitors to a host city are likely to have negative impacts like noise, heavy traffic and overcrowding, and a large number of visitors, results in excessive waste and energy use, compromises water quantity and quality, disturbs natural environments and processes, and disrupts local activities. A mixed method research design was used, involving a literature search to obtain secondary data, and then two phases of data collection: the interviewing of government officials responsible for the Olympic Games organisation, and a questionnaire-based survey. Despite limited data collection success during the first phase, a 54 per cent response rate to the survey was significant and was used to obviate the some of the limitations of the first phase. Consequent on the award of hosting rights in 2001 both government officials and the people of China were enthusiastic; the event was perceived to be positive socially and economically, and people looked forward to courteously meeting with and working with people from other countries. However, not all experiences were positive and some expected benefits were found to be over-estimated. This study found that the 2008 Beijing Olympics had significant impact on the Chinese economy and on other aspects of life in China. Four areas of impact (security threat, environmental pollution, social cultural, and economic) were established and used to develop hypotheses and variables that were tested for their significance. 17 of the 25 variables showed statistical significance while eight of them did not. On the basis of this, it was concluded that the Beijing Olympics had a generally significant positive impact on the Chinese economy, with few perceived security threats and no perceived environmental pollution problems.

O Rio Grande do Sul possui seis regiões vitícolas, sendo a denominada “Serra Gaúcha” a maior região vitícola brasileira. Os índices bioclimáticos, bem como os modelos existentes para estimativas da fenologia e do rendimento qualitativo da videira foram estabelecidos para regiões vitícolas de diversos países, com clima distinto do encontrado nas regiões vitivinícolas do Rio Grande do Sul, sendo necessário verificar a sua eficácia nestas condições. Por esse motivo, estudos no sentido de estabelecer o comportamento da cultura frente às condições do ambiente, em especial o clima, são necessários para o planejamento do seu cultivo. Os objetivos deste estudo foram caracterizar a fenologia das principais cultivares, estabelecer modelos para a estimativa das fases fenológicas e determinar relações entre variáveis meteorológicas e o rendimento qualitativo para a videira da “Serra Gaúcha”. Para isso, foram utilizados dados fenológicos e de qualidade do mosto, nos ciclos vegetativos de 1984 a 1994 e dados meteorológicos e do teor de açúcar do mosto da cv. Cabernet Franc de 1961 a 2000 Os resultados fenológicos permitiram classificar as videiras, quanto à época de brotação, em precoces, médias e tardias e, quanto à maturação, como de primeira, segunda e terceira época. A data da brotação foi estimada com duas a três semanas de antecedência. Foi possível prever as datas da floração, mudança de cor das bagas e colheita, a partir da data da brotação, com desvio padrão médio de 2, 3 e 5 dias, respectivamente. A duração do brilho solar, a deficiência hídrica e o quociente heliopluviométrico foram positivamente correlacionados com a qualidade da uva, enquanto que a precipitação pluvial e o excesso hídrico apresentaram efeito contrário. A melhor estimativa do teor de açúcar da uva Cabernet Franc foi obtida com a duração do brilho solar e a precipitação pluvial ou duração do brilho solar e deficiência hídrica dos meses de dezembro a fevereiro.

La estructura de la educación tradicional contempla construcción de saberes a través de un trabajo conjunto entre la familia y las instituciones educativas cuyo ideal común es la formación de seres humanos integrales. Sin embargo, según los datos obtenidos en la investigación y entrevistas a especialistas en educación, este proceso de formación integral se puede ver afectado por diversos factores como la falta de enseñanza personalizada en los colegios, un mal ambiente de trabajo en casa, la falta de supervisión por parte de adultos y la práctica inadecuada de hábitos de estudio, siendo esta última el principal factor que les permitirá estar preparados para los retos posteriores como la vida universitaria y laboral. Ante la presencia de estos factores que afectan el rendimiento académico y la necesidad de preparar a los adolescentes para el futuro, se detectó la oportunidad de negocio de crear un centro de after school que brinde el servicio de refuerzo académico a jóvenes entre 12 y 17 años, teniendo como propuesta de valor central inculcar hábitos de estudio apoyados en metodologías de “coaching educativo”. MENTOR ofrecerá clases de refuerzo escolar en cursos de ciencias, clases personalizadas con docentes altamente calificados, junto con un trabajo de coaching educativo a cargo de un psicólogo educativo; la propuesta es una alternativa novedosa e integral que combina los beneficios de reforzamiento académico con un seguimiento psicológico basado en técnicas de coaching educativo, con el objetivo de brindar al alumno herramientas que le permitan concretar sus proyectos y metas. Consideramos como segmento objetivo a los alumnos de primero a cuarto de secundaria de los principales colegios particulares del NSE A y B de Lima Metropolitana. Nuestro servicio generará valor a través de la atención personalizada, seguimiento y apoyo a cada uno de nuestros alumnos, con una comunicación permanente a los padres de familia a fin de que conozcan la evolución de sus hijos.

La concentration croissante de CO2 dans l'atmosphère et les dangers potentiels qu'elle représente pour la terre au travers des changements climatiques, l'acidification des océans et l'élévation du niveau de la mer a conduit à un certain nombre de projets qui tentent de trouver un moyen sûr et inoffensifs pour capturer et stocker le CO2 dans des formations géologiques. Une de ces tentatives se déroule actuellement en Islande à la centrale géothermique Hellisheiði, située à proximité de la capitale, Reykjavik (le projet CarbFix). Le dioxyde de carbone et d'autres gaz comme H2S, N2, H2, CH4, et Ar sont des sous-produits de l'exploitation de l'énergie géothermique et l'objectif est de stocker tout ce CO2 dans les formations basaltiques qui se situent sous Hellisheiði. Le CO2 est dissous dans un courant d'eau injecté par pompage dans puits jusqu'à à 350 mètres de profondeur et qui s'écoule ensuite au sein d'horizons mixtes de verre basaltique et de basalte cristallin. Les roches basaltiques sont caractérisées par des teneurs élevées en cations divalents comme Mg2+, Fe2+ et Ca2+ et des vitesses de dissolution relativement rapides. L'eau acide chargée en CO2 dissout le basalte, libérant ainsi des cations qui peuvent réagir avec les ions carbonates pour former des minéraux carbonatés (magnésite, sidérite, calcite, ankérite ainsi que des solutions solides (Ca-Mg-Fe)CO3)). Si on admet que c'est la dissolution des roches basaltiques qui contrôle ce processus de séquestration du carbone, on peut en déduire que tout ce qui pourra limiter cette dissolution sera préjudiciable à l'ensemble du processus de confinement du CO2. Mon rôle dans le projet CarbFix a été d'examiner les effets de la formation de revêtements de carbonate de calcium sur la dissolution des phases primaires de basalte. Je me suis concentrée sur le verre basaltique et le clinopyroxène, diopside, afin de comparer des phases cristallines et non cristallines. En outre, une série d'expériences ont été menées pour étudier l'effet de la structure du minéral primaire sur la nucléation de calcite. Ces expériences ont été faites pour vérifier si les différentes structures de silicate conduiraient à une différente étendue de la nucléation et croissance de la calcite à la surface des silicates. Enfin, de nombreuses expériences de dissolution de verre basaltique ont été menées en présence de bactéries hétérotrophes mortes et vivantes, Pseudomonas reactans, afin de déterminer l'effet des bactéries sur la dissolution des roches dans le système des eaux souterraines du site Hellisheiði. Les expériences de dissolution de verre basaltique et de diopside ont été réalisés à 25 et 70 °C pour un pH de 7-8 dans des réacteurs à circulation alimentés en solutions de forces ioniques > 0,03 mol / kg contenant CaCl2 ± NaHCO3. Deux séries d'essais ont été menés simultanément, une série appelée essais de 'précipitations' au cours de laquelle la solution dans le réacteur était sursaturée par rapport à la calcite, et l'autre série appelée essais de 'contrôle', pour laquelle la modélisation PHREEQC ne prévoyait pas formation de minéraux secondaires. Ainsi, il a été possible de comparer les vitesses de dissolution du verre basaltique et du diopside à 25 °C avec et sans la formation de carbonate de calcium et d'autres minéraux secondaires afin d'en déduire leur effet sur les vitesses de dissolution. Les images de microscopie électronique à balayage ont montré que des quantités importantes de carbonate de calcium ont précipité au cours des expériences de 'précipitations' mais, dans le cas du verre basaltique la croissance primaire se présente sous forme gros amas discrets de calcite et d'aragonite qui ne se forment pas sur le verre lui-même. Par contre, plusieurs des cristaux de diopside ont été largement envahis par des revêtements de calcite sans aragonite décelable. Dans les deux cas, la présence de calcite / aragonite n'a pas eu d'incidence sur les vitesses de dissolution du verre basaltique et de diopside qui sont les mêmes que celles mesurées dans la série 'contrôle'. Il semblerait que la couverture discontinue et poreuse de carbonates permet aux ions des phases primaires de continuer à diffuser sans entrave à travers la couche secondaire. Pour mieux évaluer l'effet de la surface des silicates sur la nucléation de la calcite, les vitesses de dissolution de six minéraux et roches silicatés ont été mesurées à 25 °C dans des réacteurs à circulation en présence de solutions de pH ~ 9,1 sursaturées par rapport à la calcite. Les phases silicatées étaient les suivantes: olivine, enstatite, augite, labradorite, verre basaltique et péridotite. Les résultats montrent que le temps d'induction pour la nucléation de calcite et l'étendue de la couverture de carbonatée avec le temps varient selon la phase silicatée. Dans un même laps de temps l'olivine, l'enstatite et la péridotite (principalement composé d'olivine riche en Mg) étaient les plus couvertes par les précipitations de calcite, suivis par l'augite, la labradorite et enfin le verre basaltique. Toute la croissance de calcite a eu lieu sur la surface du silicate, y compris sur le verre basaltique. La cinétique favorise la croissance de calcite par nucléation sur les minéraux orthorhombiques (enstatite et olivine) par rapport aux minéraux monocliniques et tricliniques. Les plus faibles quantités de calcite ont été trouvées sur le verre qui n'a pas de structure silicatée ordonnée. Des bactéries hétérotrophes, Pseudomonas reactans ont été extraites de l'un des puits de contrôle à Hellisheiði et ont ensuite été séparées, purifiées et cultivées en laboratoire. Avec le bouillon de culture utilisé, les conditions de croissance optimales de cette bactérie sont 5-37 °C et un pH de 7,0 à 8. Cette bactérie, très commune dans l'eau et le sol, est une bonne candidate pour tester l'impact des bactéries hétérotrophes en général lors de la séquestration du CO2 dans un aquifère naturel comme en Islande. Les vitesses de dissolution du verre basaltique ont été mesurés à 25 °C dans des nouveaux réacteurs à circulation permettant d'opérer en présence de bactéries (BMFR) dans des solutions tamponnées transportant 0,1 à 0,4 g/L de bactéries mortes et 0,9 à 19 g/L de bactéries vivantes à 4 = pH = 10. Les résultats ont montré que la présence de ces bactéries n'avait quasiment pas d'effet effet sur la vitesse de dissolution. La conclusion générale de cette étude est que ni les revêtements de carbonate, ni les bactéries n'ont d'impact majeur sur les vitesses de dissolution des phases primaires silicatées. Ainsi, leur effet devrait être négligeable sur le processus de séquestration du CO2 sur le site Hellisheiði en Islande. Le basalte cristallin pourrait être recouvert plus rapidement en carbonate de calcium, mais le verre basaltique pourrait aussi servir de support pour la nucléation de calcite
The increasing levels of CO2 in the atmosphere and the potential dangers this pose to the Earth through climate change, ocean acidification and sea-level rise has lead to a substantial number of projects attempting to find a safe and benign way to capture and store CO2 in geological formations, also referred to as the CCS (Carbon Capture Storage) technology. One of these CCS attempts is currently taking place in Iceland at the geothermal power plant Hellisheiði, located close to the capital Reykjavik (the CarbFix project). CO2 and other gasses (H2S, N2, H2, CH4) are waste products of the geothermal energy exploitation and the aim is with time to store all of this anthropogenic-made CO2 in the basaltic formations underlying Hellisheiði. The CO2 is dissolved in groundwater as it is pumped down to 350 meters depth and then injected into mixed horizons of basaltic glass and crystalline basalt. The basaltic rocks are characterized by high contents of divalent cations like Mg2+, Fe2+ and Ca2+ and relatively fast dissolution rates. The acidic CO2-loaded water will dissolve the basalt thereby releasing cations, which can react with the aqueous carbonate ions to form carbonate minerals (magnesite, siderite, calcite, ankerite and Ca-Mg-Fe solid solutions). The rate-limiting step of this carbon sequestration process is thought to be the dissolution of basaltic rocks, thus any effect that could potentially limit basalt dissolution would be detrimental to the overall CO2 sequestration process. My part of the CarbFix project has been to look at the effects the formation of calcium carbonate coatings would have on the dissolution of the primary phase, in this case basaltic glass and the clinopyroxene diopside, so there would be a glass phase to compare with the results of a mineral phase. Furthermore, a series of experiments were conducted where we tested the primary mineral structure's affect on calcite nucleation. This was done in order to test if different silicate structures would lead to different extent of calcite nucleation and growth. Finally, extensive series were conducted on the dissolution of basaltic glass in the presence of dead and live heterotrophic bacteria, Pseudomonas reactans in order to determine the potential effect of bacteria on the carbon storage effort at the Hellisheiði site. The basaltic glass and diopside dissolution experiments were run at 25 and 70 ºC and pH 7-8 in mixed-flow reactors connected to solutions containing CaCl2±NaHCO3 with ionic strengths > 0. 03 mol/kg. Two sets of experimental series were run simultaneously, one series called the "precipitation" experiments in which the solution inside the reactor was supersaturated with respect to calcite, and the other series called the "control" experiments, where PHREEQC modeling foretold no major secondary mineral formation. By this, it was possible to compare dissolution rates of basaltic glass and diopside at 25 ºC with and without calcium carbonate and other secondary mineral formation in order to deduce the effect on their dissolution rates. Scanning electron microscope images showed substantial amounts of calcium carbonate had precipitated in the "precipitation" experiments, but in the case of basaltic glass the primary growth appeared as big, discrete cluster of calcite and aragonite with no growth on the glass itself. Opposed to this, several of the diopside crystals were extensively overgrown by calcite coatings and no aragonite was found. In neither cases did the presence of calcite/aragonite have an effect on the dissolution rates of basaltic glass and diopside when compared to the "control' dissolution rates. It appears the discontinuous cover of the carbonate allows the ions of the primary phases to continue to diffuse through the secondary layer unhindered. To further assess the effect of silicate surface on the nucleation of calcite, the dissolution rates of six selected silicate minerals and rocks were measured in mixed-flow reactors in solutions supersaturated with respect to calcite at 25 ºC and pH ~9. 1. The silicate phases were: Mg-rich olivine, enstatite, augite, labradorite, basaltic glass and peridotite. The results show different onset time of calcite nucleation and thus different extent of carbonate coverage with elapsed time depending on silicate phase. Within the same timeframe olivine, enstatite and peridotite (mainly composed of Mg-rich olivine) were the most covered by calcite precipitations, followed by augite, labradorite and finally basaltic glass. All calcite growth took place on the silicate surface including on the basaltic glass. Kinetics favor calcite nucleation growth on the orthorhombic minerals (enstatite and olivine) over the monoclinic and triclinic minerals. Least calcite was found on the glass, which has no ordered silicate structure. Heterotrophic bacteria, Pseudomonas reactans was extracted from one of the monitoring wells at Hellisheiði, and then separated, purified and cultured in the laboratory. Its optimal growth conditions were found to be 5-37 ºC and pH 7. 0-8. 2 on Brain Heart Broth nutrient. Being a common water- and soil bacteria it offered a good candidacy to test what could be expected of heterotrophic bacteria in general when storing CO2 in a natural aquifers like the one at the Hellisheiði site, in Iceland. Basaltic glass dissolution rates were measured at 25 ºC in newly developed Bacterial Mixed-Flow reactors (BMFR) in buffer solutions carrying 0. 1-0. 4 g/L of dead bacteria and 0. 9-19 g/L of live bacteria at 4 = pH =10. The results show that the presence had either no or a slightly rate-limiting effect. The overall conclusion is that neither the carbonate coatings nor the bacteria had major impact on the measured dissolution rates of the primary silicate phases, thus their effect are expected to be negligible on the CO2 sequestration process in basalt. Crystalline basalt might be faster covered by calcium carbonate, but also basaltic glass can act as a nucleation platform for calcite nucleation

Mestrado em Contabilidade e Auditoria
No centro da controvérsia estão cada vez mais os intangíveis, a sua valorização, medição e publicação nos relatórios e contas anuais. Dentro dos intangíveis o que mais controvérsias têm gerado são os ligados ao capital intelectual. A falta de regulamentação e harmonização contabilística e a não obrigatoriedade da sua publicação nas contas, explica porque razão o capital intelectual está ausente ou raramente aparece nas demonstrações financeiras. A contabilidade tradicional é muito prudente e conservadora relativamente aos activos intangíveis gerados internamente em que se inclui o capital intelectual. Se reconhecemos hoje que os intangíveis valorizam muito a empresa e explicam a diferença entre o valor de mercado e o valor contabilístico, então urge mudar esta situação, passando a ter outra perspectiva para que o capital intelectual passe a fazer parte das demonstrações financeiras. A gestão do conhecimento afirma-se dia a dia como uma vantagem competitiva, mas é preciso rentabilizar o conhecimento tanto explicito como implícito e sobretudo geri-lo muito bem para obter o máximo de resultados com a sua gestão em benefício da instituição e dos funcionários. O trabalho de pesquisa que realizamos foi dirigido às instituições de crédito e companhias de seguros que actuam em Portugal, para verificar o que estas estavam a fazer sobre Gestão do Conhecimento e Capital Intelectual. Ambos os tipos de instituições avaliaram no questionário o Capital Intelectual, os Dados, os Procedimentos e a Gestão do Conhecimento em média acima de importante ou entre importante e muito importante, mas o Capital Intelectual nas DFs, ficou-se entre pouco importante e importante. Isto explica a razão pela qual as DFs destas instituições não fazem quaisquer referência ao Capital Intelectual, é que elas não têm um modelo de avaliação do CI, logo não podem nas suas DFs fazer referências ao mesmo. ABSTRACT: In the centre of the controversy we can find the intangibles, their valorisation, measurement and the publication in the reports and annual accounts. Within the intangibles those which have created more controversy were the ones connected to the intellectual capital. The lack of rules and accounting harmonization and the non-obligation of having their accounts publicised, explain why the intellectual capital is absent or very rarely seen in the financial reports. The traditional accounting is very careful and conservative in what concerns the intangible actives generated internally in which the intellectual capital is included. If it is recognised today that the intangibles strongly valorise the company and explain the difference between the market value and the accounting value, then it is imperative to change this situation, finding a new perspective so that the intellectual capital can be part of the financial reports. The knowledge management is, on a daily basis, an important competitive advantage but one needs to valorise the knowledge both explicit and implicit and, especially, to well run it so that maximum results can be obtained with its management, benefiting the institution and the workers. The research work we have performed was directed to the credit institution and insurance companies which work in Portugal, to verify what they were doing about the Knowledge Management and Intellectual Capital. Both types of institution evaluated in the questionnaire the Intellectual Capital, the Data, the Procedures and the Knowledge Management in average above important or between important and very important but the Intellectual Capital in the Financial Statements, was between less important and important. This explains the reason why the Financial Statements of these institutions did not mention the Intellectual Capital: they do not have an evaluation model of the IC therefore they cannot refer to it in their Financial Statements.

Periodontal disease is one of the most common human diseases. Bacteria trigger the onset and progression of the disease and among them Porphyromonas gingivalis has been demonstrated to be a major etiologic agent. Although the interaction of the bacterium with the host is of major importance for the understanding of the disease mechanisms, both the host as well as the pathogen components involved in the interaction remain poorly understood. One of the bacterial components capable of eliciting a host response is unmethylated CpG DNA motifs found in bacteria. Thus, the first aim was to determine the response of oral epithelial cell line, HN4, to challenge with genomic DNA derived from P. gingivalis. Microarray analysis revealed that at a level of 2-fold or more, 95 genes were regulated after 6 hrs, and 33 genes were regulated after 24 hrs post infection with P. gingivalis DNA when compared to unchallenged HN4 cells. Furthermore, since the Toll-like receptor 9 (TLR9) was demonstrated to be critical in generating the innate immune response to both bacterial and viral unmethylated CpG DNA in immune cells as well as some epithelial cell lines, investigation of the expression and localization of this receptor in HN4 cells was examined. In addition, changes in TLR9 expression and localization in response to HN4 cells challenged with P. gingivalis DNA was also investigated. Our flow cytometry results indicated that the receptor is present intracellularly but interestingly, is also detected on the cell surface. Last, shRNA technology was employed to down-regulate TLR9 expression in HN4 cells. This would provide a useful tool for future studies examining the role of TLR9 in mediating the host response to genomic DNA derived from P. gingivalis and other periodontopathogens.

Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) Spectroscopy is a crucial tool for determining the structures of biological molecules. This technique can also be used to extract thermodynamic parameters of these molecules, enhancing our understanding of their biological roles. DNA is analyzed through NMR Spectroscopy in order to identify the effect of sequence on expressivity. DNA predominantly resides in BI orientation, but a second conformation, BII, also exists. DNA can switch between BI and BII backbone conformations and the likelihood of this switching is dependent upon the energetic barrier between these two sub-states. The secondary structure of DNA, and thus its adoption of BI and BII conformation, is sequence-dependent. Therefore, the identity and neighboring base pairs of a segment of DNA have a large effect on the flexibility of the backbone. Methylation also affects backbone structure. The methyl group has been shown to promote either stabilization and/or destabilization on proximate bases. This thesis uses variable temperature NMR and Mathematica modeling to determine the backbone conformations, rate of inter-conversion between BI/BII conformations, and the energetic barrier of this fluctuation for each nucleotide step in DNA dodecamers containing the CRE binding sequence. This has been a long-term goal of the Hatcher-Skeers lab, and the data from this thesis would have been added to years of flanked CRE DNA information to reveal any patterns. In this experiment, 5’-TTTC-3’ CRE DNA dodecamers underwent NMR analyses to extract backbone flexibility parameters. Additionally, the effect of methylation was studied in scans with methylated cytosine in the central CRE sequence. The TRX scale was used to predict the BII character of these sequences. Due to technical errors, the experimental results were not able to accurately represent the specific dynamics of each backbone step. However, general trends were identified, such as adherence to and veracity of the TRX scale and the effect of methylation. It was found that the %BII of the native DNA closely resembled the TRX predictions, whilst the methylated sequence did not. The largest changes in activation energy due to methylation occurred in the central CRE sequence, suggesting methylation is a localized effect. The results reflected several trends from past CRE experiments, but the data cannot be explicitly analyzed due to the technical errors.