Journal articles on the topic '(1696 August 29)'

The purpose of this article is to make generally available for the first time a document whose content and context introduce their peculiar leaven to our understanding of a pivotal moment of early modern Irish history, the eve of the collapse of the authority of the ruling peace faction within the Kilkenny-based Confederation of Irish Catholics. The occasion of the document was the official visit to Kilkenny of James Butler, marquis of Ormond, some time near the end of August 1646. This took place at a time when rivalries within the Confederation were running high and the struggle to determine the Confederation’s effective political constituency was coming to a head. While a good case could be made for publication of the document on other grounds — in comprising Ireland’s earliest known surviving example of a speech of civic welcome addressed to a visiting dignitary, it is of special interest to the department of Irish social history concerned with civic performance, pageantry and public display — this is not the aspect chiefly pursued here. Rather, in addition to publishing the speech, this article attempts to reconstruct the circumstances of its delivery and some of the elements of the larger event in which it centrally participated, before considering the construction that the speech and its circumstances strove to put upon a volatile political situation in the hope — vain, as it proved — of containing it. As an adjunct to its interest in the Confederation’s large-scale public dimensionings of party policy, the article also presents in an appendix another document similarly hitherto unpublished, a set of verses posted upon the gates of Kilkenny at a time when the General Assembly was sitting. The assembly in question, probably the seventh, ran from January to April 1647. The city-gate verses appear with the civic entry speech in the unique manuscript in which it has been preserved.

On 29 August 1636, King Charles I and his Queen, Henrietta Maria, paid a royal visit to the University of Oxford at the invitation of Archbishop Laud, Chancellor of the University. They lodged in Christ Church, a royal foundation and the largest of the Oxford colleges, which was to become the seat of their court during the Civil War. During the two days they spent in Oxford on this occasion, the King and Queen and their entourage were entertained with three plays: William Strode's The Floating Island, in Christ Church hall on the night of 29 August; George Wilde's Love's Hospital, in St. John's College hall on the afternoon of 30 August; and William Cartwright's The Royal Slave, again in Christ Church hall on the night of 30 August.

Nacido en Bruselas el 17 de abril de 1649 (o en el 1642), Carlos Enrique de Lorena, príncipe de Vaudémont era hijo del duque de Lorena Carlos IV (1604-1675) y de su segunda mujer, Beatriz de Cusance. De la boda de Carlos Enrique con Ana Isabel de Lorena-Elboeuf (1649-1714), naciò Carlos Tomás (1670-1704), que fue encaminado a la carrera militar en los rangos imperiales. En lo años Ochenta y Noventa Carlos Enrique servió a los Habsburgo de España en Flandes: condecorado por la prestigiosa Orden del Toisón de Oro, tomó el cargo de capitán general de la caballería del ejército español en Flandes. Fue con su mujer a Italia en la primavera del 1690 y del 1692. En la Guerra de la Liga de Augusta fue entroducido en las esferas de dependencias de Guillermo de Orange (1650-1702), que fue su principal protección junto con el potente conde de Melgar, último Almirante de Castilla, político muy influyente que le procurò algunos cargos de gobierno en los territorios de la Monarquía. Se debe considerar estos dos importantes patronazgos las principales fuentes de su promoción en el Consejo de Estado el 29 noviembre de 1699 entre los projectos del partido austracista porlo que se refiere al tema de la successión a Carlos II. El Vaudémont no pudo nunca participar a las consultas porque fue gobernador de Milàn entre 1698 y 1706. Murió a Commercy en el 1723. Born in Brussels on 17 April 1649 (or 1642), Charles Henry of Lorraine, prince of Vaudemont was the son of Charles IV, duke of Lorraine (1604-75) and his second wife, Beatrice de Cusance. Charles Henry’s first marriage, to Anne Elisabeth of Lorrsaine – Elboeuf (1649-1714) produced Charles Thomas (1670-1704), who was destined for a military career in the Imperial armies. In the 1680s and 1690s Charles Henry served the Spanish Habsburgs in Flanders: awarded the prestigious Order of the Golden Fleece, he held the post of captain general of the Spanish cavalry in Flanders. He went with his wife to Italy in the spring of 1690 and again in 1692. During the War of the League of Augsburg he was introduced into the patronage network of William of Orange (1650-1702), who was his chief protector, along with the powerful count of Melgar, the last Admiral of Castile, a very influential politician who obtained for him various senior government posts in the territories of the Monarchy. To these two important patrons must be attributed his promotion to the Council of State on 29 November 1699. However, Vaudemont could never take part in the consultas of the council because he was governor of Milan between 1698 sand 1716. He died at Commercy in 1723.

Abstract Background In 2019, the Infectious Diseases Society of America published guidelines for the management of asymptomatic bacteriuria (ASB) with recommendations to avoid antimicrobial therapy in most patients. Denver Health has existing guidance for the management of patients with a urinary tract infection (UTI) and in August of 2019, implemented specific guidance for the management of ASB. As an institution, Denver Health has a Standardized Antimicrobial Administration Ratio (SAAR) of 0.8-0.9, suggesting a strong antimicrobial stewardship program with a ratio of < 1. The purpose of this study is to assess if signs and symptoms were present in patients prescribed an antibiotic for UTI. Methods We retrospectively identified hospitalized patients at least 18 years old who were prescribed an antibiotic with “UTI” as the indication from March 1st to August 31st, 2019. Patients with catheter-associated UTIs were excluded. A random sample of 50 cases was manually reviewed for signs and symptoms of infection. Signs were considered fever, defined as at least 38oC or leukocytosis, defined as at least 10 k/uL WBC. Symptoms collected were based on documentation of patient reported dysuria, frequency, or urgency, or findings of hematuria. The primary outcome was proportion of patients prescribed an antibiotic for UTI in the absence of signs or symptoms. Prescribing patterns for choice and duration of antimicrobials were also surveyed. Results A total of 382 antibiotics were prescribed for UTI during the study period. Of the 50 cases reviewed, median age was 65.8 years, with 11% being male. Overall, 29 patients (58%) had no documented symptoms while being treated for UTI. Additionally, 22 patients (44%) had no documented fever, leukocytosis, or urinary symptoms. The most commonly prescribed antibiotics were cefdinir, fosfomycin, and nitrofurantoin. Tables 1 and 2 include additional findings. Table 1 Symptomology and Type of UTI Table 2 Antimicrobial Choice and Duration Conclusion Despite a well established stewardship program, nearly half of patients prescribed an antibiotic for UTI did not have signs or symptoms consistent with infection. This suggests many patients were treated for ASB, without necessity. Among hospitals with comparatively low antibiotic use, ASB may be a high-yield opportunity to reduce unnecessary antibiotic use. Disclosures All Authors: No reported disclosures

ABSTRACT Objective: to analyze the adhesion of the nursing team to the practice of hands hygiene (HH) and the use of latex gloves in a hemodialysis service. Method: this is a descriptive-exploratory study with a quantitative approach, performed between August and October 2016 in a hemodialysis service in the countryside of São Paulo State, Brazil, where the nursing team adhered to HH and the use of gloves. All ethical aspects have been contemplated. Results: there were 1090 opportunities for HH, with the adhesion rate being only 16.6%. Regarding the use of gloves, of the 510 opportunities observed, there was correct use in 45%, reuse in 25% and absence of latex gloves in 29% of the time. Conclusion: the rate of HH and adherence to gloves is far from ideal, contributing to the increased risk of infection for both the user and the professional.

Plankton survey was conducted in the Chukchi Sea in August-September 2019 by two research vessels: RV Professor Levanidov in the western part of the sea and RV Ocean Starr in its eastern part. Parasagitta elegans dominated everywhere in zooplankton. Beside these arrowworms, species of the arctic and arctic-boreal complex were abundant in the northwestern Chukchi Sea, as Calanus glacialis and other species typical for the adjacent East-Siberian Sea. C. glacialis was numerous in the northeastern Chukchi Sea, too, together with species of the Arctic waters and the Beaufort Sea. The southern Chukchi Sea was occupied by the waters invaded from the Bering Sea, so species of the Bering Sea complex were abundant there, as Eucalanus bungii and Neocalanus plumchrus/flemingeri, at Alaska coast together with neritic species typical for the Alaska coastal water mass. The zooplankton community structure corresponded to the spring phase of seasonal succession in the northern area, whereas to the summer phase in the southern area. Total density of zooplankton was estimated as 65 t/km2 for the northwestern part of the sea, presented mostly by large-sized fraction (56 t/km2) including arrowworms (35 t/km2) and copepods (13 t/km2), and as 48 t/km2 for the southwestern part of the sea, also mostly large-sized fraction (40 t/km2). So high zooplankton density in the western Chukchi Sea is considered as result of the Bering Sea waters advection (previously such abundance was observed in 2008 — 40 and 36 t/km2, when the advection was also active). In the eastern Chukchi Sea, the total density of zooplankton was 44 t/km2 in the northeastern area (including 29 t/km2 of large-sized fraction) and 43 t/km2 in the southeastern area, that was higher than in 2017 (15 t/km2) but lower than in 2007 (49 t/km2). However, different phases of seasonal succession should be noted: summer season in 2019, spring season in 2017, and late-summer season in 2007.

In the vein of Daniel Defoe’s Robinson Crusoe (1719), the German writer Johann Gottfried Schnabel (1692–1748) wrote a four-volume Robinsonade novel, Die Insel Felsenburg [The Island Felsenburg], which was published between 1731 and 1743. Schnabel’s novel became extremely popular in Germany, as it tells the story of a group of shipwrecked settlers who, in the spirit of protestant piety, establish an ideal state on the beautiful island on which they are stranded. One day, they discover a hidden cave, where they find a well-preserved mummified man, sitting in a stone chair at a table. On a tin board, this man, Don Cyrillo de Valaro, had engraved important information for posterity: namely that he was born on 9 August 1475, came to the island on 14 November 1514, and recorded his recollection on 27 June 1606. His writing ends as follows: ‘I am still alive, however close to death, June 28. 29. and 30. and still July 1., 2. 3., 4. By recording every day that he was still alive, Don Cyrillo, the only inhabitant on the island at the time, managed to do what no autobiographer could ever complete: record his death. One could even go so far as to say that his method typifies a life-writing model – documenting the days of one’s life in the face of inevitable death. In the context of Schnabel’s novel, this episode is remarkable in so far as the most prominent entertainment of the island’s inhabitants is to tell one another about their lives. In the evening, when their work is done, they come together – and there is no TV or internet – and tell their stories. Remarkably enough, their stories are full of sex and crime – aspects of life that are banned from the virtuous island. The story of Don Cyrillo de Valaro and the settlers is fiction, of course. However, it triggers the question as to how ‘real’ autobiographers deal with or even describe their own deaths.

Coral recruitment and successive growth are essential for post-disturbance reef recovery. As coral recruit and juvenile abundances vary across locations and under different environmental regimes, their assessment at remote, undisturbed reefs improves our understanding of early life stage dynamics of corals. Here, we first explored changes in coral juvenile abundance across three locations (lagoon, seaward west and east) at remote Aldabra Atoll (Seychelles) between 2015 and 2019, which spanned the 2015/16 global coral bleaching event. Secondly, we measured variation in coral recruit abundance on settlement tiles from two sites (lagoon, seaward reef) during August 2018–August 2019. Juvenile abundance decreased from 14.1 ± 1.2 to 7.4 ± 0.5 colonies m-2 (mean ± SE) during 2015–2016 and increased to 22.4 ± 1.2 colonies m-2 during 2016–2019. Whilst juvenile abundance increased two- to three-fold at the lagoonal and seaward western sites during 2016–2018 (from 7.7–8.3 to 17.3–24.7 colonies m-2), increases at the seaward eastern sites occurred later (2018–2019; from 5.8–6.9 to 16.6–24.1 colonies m-2). The composition of coral recruits on settlement tiles was dominated by Pocilloporidae (64–92% of all recruits), and recruit abundance was 7- to 47-fold higher inside than outside the lagoon. Recruit abundance was highest in October–December 2018 (2164 ± 453 recruits m-2) and lowest in June–August 2019 (240 ± 98 recruits m-2). As Acroporid recruit abundance corresponded to this trend, the results suggest that broadcast spawning occurred during October–December, when water temperature increased from 26 to 29°C. This study provides the first published record on coral recruit abundance in the Seychelles Outer Islands, indicates a rapid (2–3 years) increase of juvenile corals following a bleaching event, and provides crucial baseline data for future research on reef resilience and connectivity within the region.

Method of acoustic tagging of large-sized fish in a medium river is successfully tested for the case of siberian taimen Hucho taimen in the Tugur River. Algorithm of fish anesthesia and acoustic tag input into its body cavity is developed. For successful tagging, total duration of the process, including anesthesia, should not exceed 5 minutes. The best results of tagging are obtained for fish with a body length of 110–130 cm, which tolerate anesthesia easily. In 2017–2019, 25 out of 29 tagged fish were registered by acoustic equipment that indicates high efficiency of the method (86.2 %). Distance from the release point to the point of tag registration varied from 0.2 to 39.8 km. Some fish crossed almost completely the buoy-controlled section of the river that indicates a rather high migration potential of siberian taimen. On the background of high individual diversity of migration activity, two principally different behavioral strategies are distinguished — «residents» staying in one place up to 2 months and «nomads» migrating to a distance up to 30 km per day. The radius of taimen migration increases usually in May and September and decreases in August. The seasonal increasing is associated with feeding migrations: taimen feed on downstream juveniles of chum salmon Oncorhynchus keta and prespawning minnows Rhynchocypris lagowskii in May and on chum adults migrating to spawning grounds in September. During twilight and at night, the migrations are usually more active, but they are less visible and shorter in the morning and afternoon. Correspondingly, the main feeding of taimen is assumed in the twilight and dark time, whereas a supporting feeding in the daytime.

Abstract Background and study aims Endoscopic sleeve gastroplasty (ESG) is a novel moderately invasive technique in endo-bariatrics as compared to laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy (LSG). Data is limited as to its efficacy and safety. Methods We searched multiple databases from inception through August 2019 to identify studies that reported on ESG in the treatment of obesity. Our goals were to calculate the pooled rates of total weight loss (%TWL), excess weight loss (%EWL), and body mass index (BMI) at 1 month, 6 months, and 12 months with ESG. We included studies that reported on LSG, in a similar time frame as ESG, and compared the 12-month outcomes. Results From eight studies on ESG (1815 patients), the pooled rates of %TWL at 1 month, 6 months, and 12 months were 8.7 (7.2–10.2), 15.3 (14.1–16.6) and 17.1 (15.1–19.1), respectively. The pooled rates of %EWL at 1 month, 6 months, and 12 months were 31.7 (29.3–34.1), 59.4 (57–61.8) and 63 (51.3–74.6), respectively. The pooled rates of BMI at 1 m, 6 m, and 12 m were 32.6 (31–34.3), 30.4 (29–31.8) and 30 (27.7–32.3, I2 = 97), respectively. At 12 months, the pooled %TWL, %EWL and BMI with LSG (7 studies, 2179 patients) were 30.5 (27.4–33.5), 69.3 (60.1–78.4) and 29.3 (27.1–31.4) respectively. On comparison analysis, %TWL with LSG was superior to ESG (P = 0.001). %EWL and BMI were comparable. All adverse events, bleeding and gastro-esophageal reflux disease were significantly lower with ESG when compared to LSG. Conclusion ESG demonstrates acceptable weight loss parameters and seems to have a better safety profile when compared to LSG.

A Review of: Chan, E. K. (2014). Analyzing recorded transactions to extrapolate the required knowledge, skills, and abilities of reference desk providers at an urban, academic/public library. Journal of Library Administration, 54(1), 23-32. doi:10.1080/01920836.2014.893113 Abstract Objective – To determine the essential knowledge and skills required by reference positions serving academic and public library patrons. Design – Data analysis of recorded reference transactions using author-created categories. Setting – The reference desk of a joint academic and public library in downtown San José, California. Subjects – A total of 9,683 in-person and phone reference transactions recorded between August 20 and December 29, 2012. Methods – All reference transactions recorded in the tracking software Gimlet during the fall 2012 semester were downloaded and analyzed in Excel using 17 author-created reference service categories. Of the original 13,827 transaction entries, 4,135 were eliminated because the actual reference questions, an optional entry in Gimlet, were not recorded. Thus these transactions could not be properly categorized for analysis. Main Results – The most frequently occurred type of reference transaction (16.6%, or 1,607 out of 9,683) out of the 17 categories was assistance for printing, copying, scanning, and wireless network assistance. The next most regularly recorded categories were catalog searching for non-known items (15.0%) and general research (10.9%), which included formulating research questions and selecting the appropriate resources for searching. When clustering the 17 reference question categories into 4 broader thematic groups, “research-oriented assistance,” including question categories for catalog searching and general research, emerged as the most common question type (31.7%). Technical and equipment assistance (30.8%) was the second most popular category group, followed by facility and policy questions (19.2%), and quick search requests (18.3%). Conclusion – The study findings suggest that successful reference desk transactions would require library employees to master research knowledge as well as technical computer and equipment skills.

Abstract Background: Concurrent chemoradiation is currently considered to be the standard of care in the treatment of head and neck cancer. In developing countries like ours, a good number of patients cannot tolerate chemoradiation because of the poor general condition and financial constraints. Those patients are treated with radiation alone. The optimum radiotherapy (RT) schedule for best local control and acceptable toxicity is not yet clear. We aimed to find out whether shortening of treatment time using six instead of five RT fractions per week improves the locoregional control in squamous cell carcinoma of head and neck. Materials and Methods: We conducted a prospective randomized study for a period of 2 years from September 2007 to August 2009 in 109 untreated patients of squamous cell carcinoma of head and neck with histologically confirmed diagnosis and no evidence of distant metastasis. Study group (55 patients) received accelerated RT with 6 fractions per week (66 Gy/33#/51/2 weeks). Control group (54 patients) received conventional RT with 5 fractions per week (66 Gy/33#/61/2 weeks). Tumor control, survival, acute and late toxicities were assessed. Results: At a median follow-up of 43 months, 29 patients (52.7%) in the 6 fractions group and 24 patients (44.4%) in the 5 fractions group were disease-free (P = 0.852). The benefit of shortening was higher for advanced disease control though it was not statistically significant. Grade 3 and 4 skin toxicity was significantly higher in the accelerated RT (70.9%) arm as compared to conventional (35.1%) arm (P = 0.04). Grade 3 mucositis was significantly higher in the accelerated RT arm (32.7% vs. 16.6%; P = 0.041). Those acute toxicities were managed conservatively. There was no difference in late toxicities between the two arms. Conclusion: Use of 6 fractions per week instead of 5 fractions per week is feasible, tolerable, and results in a better outcome in the patients of head and neck cancers.

159 Background: The incidence of upper-third early gastric cancer (EGC) has been increasing in East Asia. Although total gastrectomy (TG) has been a standard treatment for upper-third EGC, proximal gastrectomy (PG) or distal gastrectomy (DG) can be indicated for some selected patients. Theoretically, the more we preserve stomach volume, the better postoperative quality of life will be. However, this issue is not fully investigated. The aim of this study was to clarify the most suitable procedure for upper-third EGC. Methods: This study included 187 patients who underwent TG (n = 20), PG (n = 138), or DG (n = 29) for cT1N0 upper-third gastric cancer between 2009 and August 2017. Surgical outcomes, including bodyweight change one year after the surgery, were retrospectively compared among surgical procedures. DG was generally selected if the distance between the esophagogastric junction (EGJ) and proximal margin of the tumor was more than 20 mm. PG was chosen if at least the distal half of the stomach could be preserved. Otherwise, TG was performed. Results: Background characteristics and proportion of laparoscopic approach were not different among the groups. The duration of surgery was not significantly different, but intraoperative blood losswas significantly less in DG than PG (19 vs. 39 g, p = 0.02). The incidence of Clavien-Dindo classification grade IIIa or more anastomosis-related complications was less frequent in DG (3.4%) than in PG (15.9%, p = 0.13) or TG (10%, p = 0.56), although the differences were not statistically significant. Albumin and hemoglobin levels one year after surgery were not significantly different among the groups. Bodyweight loss one year after surgery was less in DG (11.1%) than in PG (14.6%, p = 0.03) or TG (16.6%, p < 0.01). Conclusions: DG was a safe procedure with less bodyweight loss, and thus preservation of the EGJ should be considered for all patients with tumors at least 2 cm apart from the EGJ. If the distance between EGJ and tumor is less than 2 cm, PG or TG will be indicated. However, surgical outcomes between PG and TG in this study were not different, and therefore, further investigations including long term quality of life are necessary.

Abstract Introduction: Adolescents and young adults (AYA) with sickle cell disease (SCD) and thalassemia transitioning from pediatric to adult health care experience a lack of engagement with adult care providers, are at high risk of loss to follow-up, emergence of psychosocial issues, morbidity and mortality. The shift from a pediatric to an adult setting can be challenging for AYA who are coping with multiple life transitions and are expected to acquire the necessary skills to manage their own care. Hypothesis: implementation of a comprehensive structured transition program with dedicated transition navigator (TN) in a pediatric and adult hemoglobinopathy comprehensive care center will reduce loss to follow-up and hospitalization, improve adherence to medication and attendance to appointments compared to an unstructured transfer from pediatric to adult program. Methods: A structured comprehensive transition program with a dedicated TN, based on a quality improvement framework with an iterative design to refine the intervention over time, was developed and deployed across a pediatric and adult hemoglobinopathy comprehensive care center (Hospital for Sick Children (HSC) and Toronto General Hospital (TGH) respectively) starting August 1, 2014. Prior to this, patients at age 18 were transferred without preparation. With the TN model, adolescents, from age 12 were followed at each visit by the TN and up to one year after transitioning. Prior to transition to the adult center, adolescents were seen jointly by pediatric and adult care providers and TN in a transition clinic. Patients were assessed for transition readiness and provided with tailored education at each appointment. This observational study compared all AYA with SCD or thalassemia who turned 18 years between August 1, 2013 and August 1, 2015. Patients in the cohort prior to the comprehensive transition program were compared to patients who transitioned through the formal program. Data from one year prior to last appointment at HSC and one year after the first appointment at TGH were collected. The effects of covariates on imaging/clinic/transfusion/subspecialist appointment attendance, medication adherence and hospitalizations were analyzed by multivariable regression. Results: 112 patients met the criteria for transfer/transition, of which 51 transferred prior to August 1, 2014 and 61 transitioned through the comprehensive transition program. No significant differences were observed in baseline demographics including age at transfer/transition, phenotype, distance from the center, medications, parental/guardian appointment attendance, immigration status, family structure, first language spoken or documented cognitive impairment. The youngest patient to undergo transition in the observation period was 16.6 years. The transition process significantly reduced the proportion of patients lost to follow-up from 29% (11/38) to 7% (4/57) (P = 0.0335, Figure 1). In patients who were on hydroxyurea or iron chelation, significant increase in the proportion of patients who maintained or improved their medication adherence to 4 or more days a week was observed in the transition cohort (P = 0.047, LR 4.668) and the presence of the transition program was independently associated with the improvement. A trend towards improvement or maintenance of ≥ 90% attendance to appointments was observed (P = 0.096, OR 2.254). Variations in appointment attendance can be explained by patient's age, distance from the comprehensive hemoglobinopathy center, and English as patient's first language. No independent predictor was found in frequency of hospitalization. No new overt strokes or deaths occurred in the year after moving to the adult center. Conclusions: Comprehensive structured transition program with dedicated transition navigator significantly reduced the number of AYA lost to follow-up, and significantly improved and maintained fair to good medication adherence. Further analysis of economic benefit and patient satisfaction will be conducted. A clustered randomized-controlled trial will be forthcoming to determine the effectiveness of this transition model of care on AYA patients with sickle cell disease on patient-important outcomes. Disclosures Allemang: Novartis: Other: Funding for the transition navigator program; ApoPharma: Other: Funding for the transition navigator program; Sickkids Foundation: Other: Funding for the transition navigator program. Kuo:Apotex: Other: Unrestricted education grant; Novartis: Consultancy, Honoraria, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Agios Pharmaceuticals: Consultancy, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Alexion Pharmaceuticals, Inc: Consultancy, Honoraria, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees, Research Funding.

Background:The onset of symptoms in large-vessel vasculitis (LVV) tends to be subacute, which often leads to a delay in diagnosis, during which time vascular disease may start and progress to become symptomatic. PET/CT has been recognised since the 2003s as a promising tool in evaluating of LVV. There is no gold standard diagnostic laboratory tests for this patient group, novel markers for active LVV is needed.Objectives:to investigate the association between vascular inflammation, as detected by PET imaging and interleukin-6 (IL-6), pentraxin3 (PTX3), and B-cell-activating-factor (BAFF) in subjects with LVV.Methods:The study included 67 patients patients with newly diagnosed GCA (n= 27) or TA (n=9) and healthy control (n= 31) who had been referred to the Rheumatology Unit at Gazi University, between December 2017 and August 2020. PET images obtained from an 29 patients (22 with GCA and 7 with TA) who had not received any corticosteroid treatment prior to PET imaging and blood sampling. IL-6, PTX3, and BAFF levels were determined quantitatively by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kits.Results:36 patients with LVV (20 females,16 males; age 64,5±16,6) and 31 HC (14 females,17 males; age37,1±9,6) were analysed. Serum levels of IL-6,PTX3, BAFF, ESR and CRP are increased in patients with newly diagnosed LVV compared with those in control subjects. In a ROC analysis, serum IL-6 provided excellent discrimination of newly diagnosed LVV patients from HC, as indicated by AUCs>0.90. Serum BAFF also accurately distinguished newly diagnosed LVV patients from HC with AUCs>0.80. Serum PTX3 did not provide an AUC>0.80. In this study, we correlate vascular inflammation, as detected by PET imaging in newly diagnosed LVV patients, with the ESR, CRP. PTX3, IL-6 and BAFF. As a result, none of these markers has been associated with vascular inflammation as measured using PET.Conclusion:In conclusion, our study shows that serum levels of PTX3, IL-6 and BAFF are increased in most LVV patients. The diagnostic value of BAFF and IL-6, both separately and in combination, should be further evaluated in larger cohorts of LVV patients, as well as in patients with infections or other inflammatory conditions. However, none of these markers has been associated with vascular inflammation as measured using PET.Disclosure of Interests:None declared

Background/Aim. Today there are controversies about searching for the ideal surgical method (conservatively with plaster cast, with open and percutaneous tenorrhaphy) for repairing a ruptured Achilles tendon. The aim of this study study was to examine the results of treating Achilles tendon ruptures in patients by using the following methods: percutaneous suturing, open surgery technique and non-surgical treatment by plaster cast immobilisation. Methods. Forty two patients treated at our facility in the period August 2003 - September 2010 for Achilles tendon ruptures were included in the study. They were operated on by using different orthopedic procedures (percutaneous reconstruction of the Achilles tendon, open surgery, plaster cast only) and two anaesthesia technique (spinal aneasthesia and local infiltrational anaesthesia). The following parameters were monitored after interventions performed and compared: duration of hospital stay, postsurgical complications, incidence of the reruptures of the Achilles tendon and time for full leg functionality. Results. The patients sustained their respective injuries in the following manner: 8 of them while pursuing sports activities, 24 while pursuing recreational activities, 4 at workplace, 4 while performing everyday activities, and 2 of the patients did not know how they had sustained their injuries. The average age of the patients was 40.5, with 37 (88%) men and 5 (12%) women. Surgeries were performed under spinal anaesthesia in 29 (69%) patients, and in 5 (12%) patients tenorrhaphy was performed under local anaesthesia. Anaesthesia was not used in 8 (19%) patients treated with plaster cast. We performed percutaneous reconstruction of the Achilles tendon in 19 (45%) patients. A total of 14 (33%) patients were treated under spinal anaesthesia, and 5 (11.9%) under local infiltrational anaesthesia with 2% xylocain. We treated 15 (36%) patients with open surgery. The patients treated conservatively stayed in hospital on average for up to 5 hours. Those who underwent an percutaneous surgery stayed 2 days and those who underwent an open surgery stayed 9 days. A total of 28 (66%) patients from the given series experienced no complications. The patients treated with open surgical reconstruction experienced skin complications ranging from inflammatory changes on the skin in 6 (14%) patients to dehiscence and skin necrosis in 3 (7%). The 5 (11.9%) patients whose ruptured Achilles tendon was treated percutaneously experienced temporary redness and delayed healing of the incision(s) longer than 5 mm. A total of 3 (7%) patients treated with open surgery and 1 (2%) patient treated with percutaneous tenorrhaphy had temporary peroneal nerve prolapses. A total of 7 (16.6%) patients had reruptures: 4 were treated with plaster cast, 2 underwent open surgery, and 1 was treated percutaneously. Out of the 8 patients who were treated with plaster cast, 4 sustained reruptures and 3 of the 4 had diabetes. Conclusion. Surgical treatment, percutaneous tenorrhaphy, performed in a small operating theatre under local anaesthesia, should be preferred in cases of fresh ruptures of the Achilles tendon.

Background:Waldenström Macroglobulinemia (WM) remains an incurable disease with a heterogeneous course, relapse following initial treatment happens in virtually all patients. Ibrutinib, a Bruton Tyrosine Kinase inhibitor, is a promising drug used in WM, chronic lymphocytic leukemia, mantle cell lymphoma, marginal zone lymphoma, and chronic graft versus host disease. Ibrutinib first received FDA approval in WM as a monotherapy in January 2015 and expanded the approved use of ibrutinib with rituximab in August 2018.Ibrutinib-related prior data in Waldenström Macroglobulinemia (WM) remain sparse, particularly outside of clinical trials. Herein, we share a real-life experience using off-label ibrutinib in the treatment of heavily pretreated WM. Methods:This multicenter retrospective study conducted in eight different sites included 13 adult patients diagnosed with WM and used off-label ibrutinib monotherapy or with rituximab from April 2016 to November 2019. Disease-refractoriness to prior therapy was defined as progression on therapy or within 2 months of treatment interruption. The response rates were assessed by the modified Third International Workshop on WM Response Criteria. Results:TwelveRRWM patients received ibrutinib monotherapy for active/symptomatic WM during the study period; median follow up of the entire cohort was 29 months for the subset that received ibrutinib as salvage therapy. The median time on therapy for the entire cohort was 12.5 months. WM IPSS score was calculated intermediate in three patients and high in nine patients. MYD88 mutation status was assessed in five patients and detected positive at the time of WM diagnose. Before therapy, six of the 12 (50%) had a serum level of 3000 mg per deciliter or higher; after treatment, at the time of best response, two of the 12 patients (16.6%) had a serum IgM level of 3000 mg per deciliter or higher. ECOG performance score was 1 in 75% of our cohort. The median lines of prior therapy for the RRWM were 3 (range: 2-8). Only two patients had received autologous stem cell transplantation (ASCT) prior to ibrutinib monotherapy. Responses included a complete response in three patients, a very good response in 1 patient and a partial response in six patients, representing overall response of 83.3%. The remaining two patients discontinued ibrutinib due to progressive disease. No several adverse events due to ibrutinib were observed in our cohort. At the time of data collection, one patient had deceased. Conclusion:Ibrutinib is an effective drug, associated with durable responses, and safety for both previously-treated and newly diagnosed WM. Our study has several limitations that should be considered when reviewing the results, including the retrospective design and inclusion of a small number of patients. Nevertheless, because of the rarity of the diseases, our data provide useful information on the use of ibrutinib in patients with heavily pretreated WM. Disclosures Ferhanoglu: Janssen: Other: Advisory Board; Roche: Other: Advisory Board; Abbvie: Other: Advisory Board; Takeda: Other: Advisory Board. Beksac:Takeda: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees, Speakers Bureau; Sanofi: Speakers Bureau; Amgen: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees, Speakers Bureau; Janssen&janssen: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees, Speakers Bureau; Celgene: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees, Speakers Bureau; Deva: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees, Speakers Bureau. OffLabel Disclosure: ibrutinib were used off-label

Abstract Background: Alveolar soft part sarcoma (ASPS) is a rare, highly vascular tumor with few effective treatment options. Cediranib (C) and sunitinib (S) are potent oral inhibitors of all 3 VEGF receptors. Cediranib showed substantial single-agent activity (objective response rate [ORR] = 35%) in our previous trial in patients (pts) with metastatic ASPS (NCT00942877). Here we report a phase 2 randomized multicenter trial of single agent C or S in pts with ASPS (NCT01391962). Methods: We conducted a multicenter phase 2 trial with an optimal 2-stage design targeting an ORR of 40%. Enrolled pts were &gt;16 years with metastatic ASPS, previously not treated (N) and unresectable, or previously treated (T), who have progressed per RECIST 1 within the 6-month period preceding enrollment. Pts were randomized to receive C (30 mg) or S (37.5 mg) orally, once a day, in 28-day cycles and could crossover to the other treatment arm at disease progression. ORR (primary endpoint), median progression-free survival (mPFS), and PFS rate at 24 weeks for the 2 arms (C and S) were evaluated; T and N cohorts were assessed separately in each arm. Arm accrual closed if ≤ 1 of the first 10 enrolled pts responded to the first treatment. Results: Thirty-four pts (47% white, 29.4% black, 17.6% Asian, 5.8% Pacific Islander) were enrolled; 29 pts were evaluable for response. One pt on each of the initial treatment arms had a confirmed partial response (PR), rates of 6.7% (1/154) and 7.1% (1/14) for C and S tx or tx-naive, respectively. Among pts who crossed over, there was 1 PR in a pt receiving C after initially responding (PR) on S (1/9; ORR 11.1%). Twenty-four pts had a best response of stable disease (86.7% and 78.6%) for C and S, respectively. The mPFS was 7.6 months (mo) (95% CI: 3.7-9.9 mo) and 5.5 mo (95% CI: 1.8-14.5 mo) for C and S, respectively administered as first therapy (p=0.92). PFS rate at 24 weeks was 62.5% (95% CI: 29.5-76.2%) and 50% (95% CI: 25.9-70.1%) for pts receiving C and S respectively, as initial therapy. There was no difference in mPFS between T or N pts in the C (6.7 mo [95% CI: 1.4-9.9 mo] vs 8.3 mo [95% CI: 2.7 - 16.6 mo]; P=0.35) arm, but some evidence of a potential difference in the S (4.8 mo [95% CI: 0.9-7.9 mo] vs 14.7 mo 95% CI: 1.8 - 21.6 mo]; P=0.058) arm. Overall, 43.7% (C) and 77.8% (S) of pts experienced grade ≥3 adverse events (AEs) at least possibly related to the study drug. Common grade ≥3 AEs included: diarrhea (C), neutropenia (S), hypertension (C and S). AEs were in line with the known safety profiles of each agent. As of August 2021, 1 pt (unevaluable for ORR) remains on study. Conclusions: The study did not meet its endpoints for ORR. There were no differences in mPFS for the 2 treatment arms. The selection of pts with more aggressive disease, who had progressed in the 6 months prior to enrollment, may account for the low patient response rates compared to our previous study of cediranib in ASPS. Funded by NCI Contract No. HHSN261200800001E. The study was a collaboration between NCI and Pfizer. Citation Format: Naoko Takebe, James Nguyen, Shivaani Kummar, Albiruni Abdul Razak, Sant P. Chawla, Suzanne George, Shreyaskumar R. Patel, Mary Louise Keohan, Sujana Movva, Geraldine O’Sullivan, Khanh Do, Larry Anderson, Lamin Juwara, Brooke Augustine, Seth Steinberg, Laura Kuhlmann, S. Percy Ivy, James H. Doroshow, Alice P. Chen. Randomized phase 2 trial of sunitinib or cediranib in alveolar soft part sarcoma [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2022; 2022 Apr 8-13. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2022;82(12_Suppl):Abstract nr CT168.

This paper describes the development of a Decision support system (DSS) for earthquake warning service in Vietnam using Web GIS technology. The system consists of two main components: (1) an on-line database of earthquakes recorded from the national seismic network of Vietnam, and (2) a set of tools for rapid seismic hazard assessment. Using an online earthquake database, the system allows creating a shake map caused by a newly recorded earthquake. In addition, the Web GIS environment allows any user, including non-professional to get useful information about a just-occurred event and the possible impact caused by the earthquake shortly after its occurrence. A fault-source model developed for Vietnam was used as a part of the hazard calculation and mapping procedure. All information and results obtained from the system are automatically included in the earthquake bulletins, which will be disseminated national wide afterward by the Vietnam earthquake information and tsunami warning Center.The shake maps produced by the DSS in terms of both Peak Ground Acceleration and intensity values are rapidly available via the Web and can be used for emergency response, public information, loss estimation, earthquake planning, and post-earthquake engineering and scientific analyses. Application of the online decision support system in earthquake warning service can mitigate the earthquake risk and reduce the losses and damages due to earthquakes in Vietnam in future.ReferencesBoore D.M., Joyner W.B. and Fumal T.E., 1994. Estimation of Response Spectra and Peak Acceleration from Wester North American earthquakes: an interim report, USGS open file report, 94-127, Menlo Park, California, United States Geological Survey.Boore D.M. and Atkinson G.M., 2008. Ground-Motion Prediction Equations for the Average Horizontal Component of PGA, PGV, and 5%-Damped PSA at Spectral Periods between 0.01 s and 10.0 s. Earthquake Spectra, 24(1), 1-341.Bui Van Duan, Nguyen Anh Duong, 2017. The relation between fault movement potential and seismic activity of major faults in Northwestern Vietnam. Vietnam J. Earth Sci., 39, 240-255.Campbell K.W. and Bozorgnia Y., 1994. Near-Source Attenuation of Peak Horizontal Acceleration from Worldwide Accelerograms Recorded from 1957 to 1993, Proceedings, Fifth U.S. National Conference on Earthquake Engineering, Chicago, Illinois, July 10-14: V(III), 283-292.Campbell K.W. and Bozorgnia Y., 2008. NGA Ground Motion Model for the Geometric Mean Horizontal Component of PGA, PGV, PGD and 5% Damped Linear Elastic Response Spectra for Periods Ranging from 0.01 to 10s. Earthquake Spectra, 24(1), 1-341.Cauzzi C., Edwards B., Fäh D., Clinton J., Wiemer S., Kastli F., Cua G. and Giardini D., 2014. On the customisation of shakemap for optimised use in Switzerland, 2014. Proceedings of the 2nd European Conference on Earthquake Engineering and Seismology, Istanbul, August 25-29, 1-10.Center for International Earth Science Information Network - CIESIN - Columbia University, 2016. Documentation for the Gridded Population of the World, Version 4 (GPWv4). Palisades NY: NASA Socioeconomic Data and Applications Center (SEDAC). http://dx.doi.org/10.7927/H4D50JX4 Accessed April 2018.Chiou B.S.-J. and Youngs R.R., 2008. An NGA Model for the Average Horizontal Component of Peak Ground Motion and Response Spectra. Earthquake Spectra, 24(1), 1-341.Cornell, C.A., 1968. Engineering seismic risk analysis. Bull. Seis. Soc. Amer., 58(5), 1583-1606.Der Kiureghian and A. S-H. Ang, 1977. A fault rupture model for seismic risk analysis, Bull. Seim. Soc. Am., 67(4), 233-241.Douglas B.M. and Ryall A., 1977. Seismic risk in linear source regions, with application to the San Adreas fault, Bull. Seis. Soc. Amer., 67, 729-754.Marreiros, C. and Carrilho, F., 2012. The ShakeMap at the Instituto de Meteorologia. The proceedings of the 15th World Conference on Earthquake Engineering, Lisbon, Portugal September 24-28.Nguyen Le Minh, et al., 2012. The first peak ground motion attenuation relationships for North of Vietnam. Journal of Asian Earth Sciences. Doi: 10.1016/j.jseaes.2011.09.012.Nguyen Dinh Xuyen and Tran Thi My Thanh, 1999. To find a formula for computing ground acceleration in strong earthquake in Vietnam, J. Sci. of the Earth, 21, 207-213 (in Vietnamese).Pacific Earthquake Engineering Research Center, 2008. NGA model for average horizontal component of peak ground motion and response spectra. Earthquake Spectra, 24(1), 1-341.Tran V.H. and Kiyomiya O., 2012. Ground motion attenuation relationship for shallow strike-slip earthquakes in northern Vietnam based on strong motion records from Japan, Vietnam and adjacent regions, Structural Eng./Earthquake Eng., JSCE, 29, 23-39.Toro G.R., Abrahamson N.A. and Schneider J.F., 1997. Engineering Model of Strong Ground Motions from Earthquakes in the Central and Eastern United States, Seismological Research Letters, January/February.Wald D.J., Worden B.C., Quitoriano V. and Pankow K.L., 2006. ShakeMap Manual. Technical manual, users guide, and software guide.Wald D.L., Wald B. Worden and Goltz J., 2003. ShakeMap - a tool for earthquake response. U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 087-03.Wells D.L. and Coppersmith K.J., 1994. New Empirical Relationships Among Magnitude, Rupture Length, Rupture Width, and Surface Displacement, Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, 84, 974-1002.

Seismic status in Bangladesh has been investigated using earthquake data recorded by the global network of USGS during 1980 to 2016. Seismicity parameters such as magnitude completeness Mc, b-value and a-value are being estimated. It has observed that the overall b-value in and around Bangladesh is of 0.84 which is seemed to be seismically active zone. As, reliable b-value assessment can lead to better seismic hazard analysis, reliable magnitude of completeness Mc can lead to b-value assessment of an area, this work has dealt and estimated magnitude of completeness Mc using various techniques for the whole region for a reliable estimation. Estimated Mc is obtained to be around 3.9-4.7, which lead to b-value of 0.93. Spatial variations of Mc and b-value have been investigated for 1ox1o horizontal and vertical rectangular regions for the study area between 18-29°N and 84-95°E. Estimated Mc and b-value along with b-value are then averaged for the common regions in the pair of horizontal and vertical regions. Results are then being presented in the form of maps. The findings resemble as, the Mc is low at the border line of N-W Bangladesh, and a line from Cox’s bazaar to Sylhet through Hill tracts. Remain parts belong to the Mc value of 4.1-4.2, thus the b-value obtained is varying from 0.68 to 1.2, where, the value is higher at region in Chittagong and Barisal division that extends toward north through part of Dhaka to Sylhet and lower at Rajshahi, Rangpur and part of Khulna division, while a-value is varying from 5.0 to 7.2 mostly from west to east.ReferencesAbercrombie R.E., and Brune J.N., 1994. Evidence for a constant b-value above magnitude 0 in the southern San Andreas, San Jacinto, and San Miguel fault zones and at the Long Valley caldera, California. Geophys. Res. Lett., 21(15), 1647-1650.Aki K., 1965. Maximum likelihood estimate of b in the formula log N=a-b M and its confidence limits. Bull. Earthquake Res Inst., Tokyo Univ., 43, 237-239.Aki S., 1987. On nonparametric tests for symmetry. Ann. Inst. Statist. Math., 39, 457-472.Al-Hussaini T.M., 2006. Seismicity and Seismic Hazard Assessment in Bangladesh: Reference to Code Provisions. Meeting on Seismic Hazard in Asia ICTP, Trieste, Dec. 4-8.Amorese D., 2007. Applying a change-point detection method on frequency-magnitude distributions. Bull. Seismol. Soc. Am., 97(5), 1742-1749. Doi:10.1785/0120060181.Banglapedia, 2012. The National Encyclopedia of Bangladesh. http://en.banglapedia.org/index.php?title=Tectonic_Framework, retrieved on 31 Aug 2017.Cao A.M., and Gao S.S., 2002. Temporal variations of seismic b-values beneath northeastern Japan island arc. Geophys. Res. Lett., 29(9), 481-483. Doi:10.1029/2001GL013775.Das R., Wason H.R., and Sharma M.L., 2012. Temporal and spatial variations in the magnitude of completeness for homogenized moment magnitude catalogue for northeast India. J. Earth Syst. Sci., 121(1), 19-28.Felzer K.R., 2008. Simulated aftershock sequences for a M 7.8 earthquake on the southern San Andreas fault. Seismol. Res. Lett., 80, 21-25.GSB, 2018. Seismic Zone Map of Bangladesh. http://gsb.portal.gov.bd/sites/default/files/files/gsb.portal.gov.bd/common_document/a6e75ad2_5acd_4fe3_911d_c9d25a7e349e/BD_Sciesmic-zonemap(NBC).pdf, retrieved on 31 March 2018.Gutenberg B., and Richter C.F., 1944. Frequency of earthquakes in California, Bull. Seismol. Soc. Am., 34, 184-188.Gutenberg B., and Richter C.F., 1956. Earthquake magnitude, intensity, energy and acceleration (second paper). Bull. Seismol Soc. Am., 46(2), 105-145.Hafiez H.E.A., 2015. Estimating the magnitude of completeness for assessing the quality of earthquake catalogue of the ENSN. Egypt. Arab J. Geosci., 8(1), 9315-9323. Doi:10.1007/s12517-015-1929-x.Hunting Geology and Geophysics Ltd., (1981), Interpretation and Operations report on an aeromagnetic survey in Bangladesh, Borehamwood, Hertfordshire, England.Iwata T., 2008. Low detection capability of global earthquakes after the occurrence of large earthquakes: investigation of the Harvard cmt catalogue. Geophys. J. Int., 174(3), 849-856. Doi:10.1111/j.1365-246X.2008.03864.x.Kagan Y.Y., 2002. Seismic moment distribution revisited: I. statistical results. Geophys. J. Int., 148(3), 520-541. Doi: 10.1046/j.1365-246x.2002.01594.x.Khan P.K., Ghosh M., Chakraborty P.P., and Mukherjee D., 2011. Seismic b-Value and the Assessment of Ambient Stress in Northeast India. Pure Appl. Geophys., 168(10), 1693-1706. Doi:10.1007/s00024-010-0194-x.Kolathayar S., Sitharam T.G., and Vipin K.S., 2012. Spatial variation of seismicity parameters across India and adjoining areas. Nat Hazards, 60(3), 1365-1379. Doi:10.1007/s11069-011-9898-1.Lomnitz-Adler J., and Lomnitz C., 1979. A modified form of the Gutenberg-Richter magnitude-frequency relation. Bull. Seism. Soc. Am., 69(4), 1209-1214.Marsan D., 2003. Triggering of seismicity at short timescales following Californian earthquakes. J. Geophys. Res., 108, B5, 2266. Doi:10.1029/2002JB001946.Mignan A., 2011. Retrospective on the Accelerating Seismic Release (ASR) hypothesis: Controversy and new horizons. Tectonophysics, 505(1), 1-16. Doi:10.1016/j.tecto.2011.03.010.Mignan A., and Woessner J., 2012. Estimating the magnitude of completeness for earthquake catalogs, Community Online Resource for Statistical Seismicity Analysis. Swiss Seismological Service, ETH Zurich, 145p. Doi:10.5078/corssa-00180805. Available at http://www.corssa.org.Naylor M., Orfanogiannaki, K., and Harte D., 2010. Exploratory data analysis: magnitude, space, and time. Community Online Resource for Statistical Seismicity Analysis, 42p. Doi:10.5078/corssa-92330203. Available at http://www.corssa.org.Ogata Y., and Katsura K., 1993. Analysis of temporal and spatial heterogeneity of magnitude frequency distribution inferred from earthquake catalogues. Geophys. J. Int., 113(3), 727-738. Doi:10.1111/j.1365-246X.1993.tb04663.x.Ogata Y., and Katsura K., 2006. Immediate and updated forecasting of aftershock hazard. Geophys. Res. Lett., 33, 10, L10305. Doi:10.1029/2006GL025888.Rashid H., 1991. Geography of Bangladesh, University Press Ltd, Bangladesh; 2nd edition, 545p.Reimann K.U., 1993. Geology of Bangladesh. Gerbruder Bornt Ramerg, Berlin, Germany, 160p.Siddique S., 2015. Gutenberg-Richter recurrence law to seismicity analysis of Bangladesh. IABSE-JSCE Joint Conference on Advances in Bridge Engineering-III, August 21-22, Dhaka, Bangladesh.Shi Y., and Bolt B.A., 1982. The standard error of the magnitude-frequency b-value. Bull. Seismol. Soc. Am., 72(5), 1667-1687.USGS, 2012. Earthquake Hazards Program. https://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/search/, USA, retrieved on 20 April 2017.Utsu T., 1999. Representation and analysis of the earthquake size distribution: a historical review and some new approaches. Pure Appl. Geophys., 155(2), 509-535.Wiemer S., and Wyss M., 2000. Minimum magnitude of complete reporting in earthquake catalogs: examples from Alaska, the western United States, and Japan. Bull. Seismol. Soc. Am., 90, 859-869. Doi:10.1785/0119990114.Woessner J., and Wiemer S., 2005. Assessing the quality of earthquake catalogues: Estimating the magnitude of completeness and its uncertainty. Bull. Seismol. Soc. Am., 95(2), 684-698. Doi:10.1785/012040007.Wyss M., Hasegawa A., Wiemer S., and Umino N., 1999. Quantitative mapping of precursory seismic quiescence before the 1989, M7.1 off-Sanriku earthquake, Japan. Annali Di Geoflsica, 42(5), 851-869.Zuniga F.R., and Wyss M., 1995. Inadvertent changes in magnitude reported in earthquake catalogs: Their evaluation through b-value estimates. Bull. Seismol. Soc. Am., 85, 1858-1866..Zuniga F.R., and Wiemer S., 1999. Seismicity patterns: Are they always related to natural causes? Pure Appl. Geophys., 155(2), 713-726.

e5029053The school inclusion of students with visual impairment faces challenges regarding pedagogical evaluation in an individualized way, and in relation to an efficient pedagogical follow-up of the same. One proposal which has sew highlighted in the school environment is the Individual Development Plan (PDI) which is a form of pedagogical assessment for students with disabilities who attend the Multifunctional Resource Room (MRR). This article aimed to analyze the PDI in the pedagogical evaluation of a visually impaired student and originated from a research with a case study methodologyin the qualitative approach at the Center for Assistance to People with Specific Educational Needs (NAPNE) of the Federal Institute of Pará-IFPA / Campus Belém. The procedure had three stages: selection of the student, preparation and application of the assessment script. The PDI was applied to identify data and information about the student's educational context. The data analysis was carried out through the organization and categorization of the student's reports based on the Content Analysis (CA). The results showed difficulties in relation to accessibility to didactic material and curricular adaptations, to infrastructure on Campus and the absence of a specialized professional. It is concluded that the application of the PDI can contribute to the pedagogical assessment of students with visual impairment, in addition to allowing educational support for adapting assessment procedures and teaching methodologies.ResumoA inclusão escolar de alunos com deficiência visual enfrenta desafios quanto à avaliação pedagógica de forma individualizada, e em relação ao plano eficiente de acompanhamento pedagógico. Uma proposta que tem se destacado no âmbito escolar é o Plano de Desenvolvimento Individual (PDI) que se constitui em uma forma de avaliação pedagógica para alunos com deficiência, que frequentam a Sala de Recurso Multifuncional. O presente artigo teve por objetivo analisar o PDI na avaliação pedagógica de uma aluna com deficiência visual, e se originou a partir de uma pesquisa com metodologia do tipo estudo de caso de abordagem qualitativa, nos espaços do Núcleo de Atendimento às Pessoas com Necessidades Educacionais Específicas (NAPNE) do Instituto Federal do Pará-IFPA/Campus Belém. O procedimento ocorreu em três etapas: seleção da aluna, elaboração e aplicação do roteiro de avaliação. O PDI foi aplicado para identificação dos dados e informações sobre o contexto educacional da aluna. A análise de dados se deu por meio da organização e categorização dos relatos da aluna, com base na Análise de Conteúdo. Os resultados demonstraram dificuldades em relação à acessibilidade ao material didático e às adaptações curriculares, à infraestrutura no Campus e ausência de profissional especializado. Concluiu-se que a aplicação do PDI pode contribuir para a avaliação pedagógica de alunos com deficiência visual, além de permitir um suporte educacional para adaptação de procedimentos de avaliação e metodologias de ensino.ResumenLa inclusión escolar de estudiantes con discapacidad visual enfrenta desafíos en términos de evaluación pedagógica individualizada y con relación a en relación a un plan de acompañamiento pedagógico eficiente. Una propuesta es el Plan de Desarrollo Individual (PDI), que constituye un guión forma de evaluación e intervención pedagógica para los estudiantes con necesidades educativas especiales que asisten a la Sala de Recursos Multifuncionales (SRM). El presente artículo tuvo como objetivo analizar el PDI como instrumento para la intervención pedagógica de un estudiante con discapacidad visual a partir de una investigación con metodología de estudio de caso sobre el abordaje cualitativo con un estudiante con discapacidad visual en el Centro de Apoyo a Personas con Necesidades Educativas Específicas (NAPNE) de la IFPA/Campus Belém. El procedimiento tuvo tres etapas: selección del alumno, elaboración y aplicación de la forma de evaluación. Se aplicó el PDI para identificar datos e información sobre el contexto educativo del alumno. El análisis de datos se llevó a cabo a través de la organización y categorización de los informes de los estudiantes basados en Análisis de Contenido (AC). Los resultados mostraron dificultades con relación a la accesibilidad al material didáctico y adaptaciones curriculares, a la infraestructura en el Campus y la ausencia de un profesional especializado. Se concluyó que la aplicación del PDI puede contribuir a la evaluación pedagógica de los estudiantes con discapacidad visual, además de permitir un apoyo educativo para adecuar los procedimientos de evaluación y las metodologías de enseñanza.Palavras chave: Plano de Desenvolvimento Individual, aluno com deficiência, avaliação pedagógica.Keywords: Individual Development Plan, student with a disability, pedagogical evaluation.Palabras clave: Plan de Desarrollo Individual, Estudiante con discapacidad, evaluación pedagógica.ReferencesAGUIRRE, Dário de Ávila. As capacitações de ledores e transcritores para inclusão e acesso em processos seletivos à educação superior: a percepção dos egressos. 2019. 165 f. Dissertação apresentada ao Programa de Pós-Graduação Stricto Sensu em Educação da Universidade Católica de Brasília. Disponível: https://bdtd.ucb.br:8443/jspui/bitstream/tede/2588/2/DariodeAvilaAguirreDissertacao2019.pdf. Acesso: 18 nov 2020.ANJOS, Isa Regina Santos dos. Programa TEC NEP: avaliação de uma proposta de educação profissional inclusiva. São Carlos, São Paulo, 2006. 107 f. Dissertação de Mestrado. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Educação Especial. Universidade Federal de São Carlos, (SP). 2006. Disponível em: https://repositorio.ufscar.br/bitstream/handle/ufscar/2949/1171.pdf?sequence=1isAllowed=y. Acesso em: 23 nov. 2020.BARDIN, Laurence. Análise de conteúdo. Tradução de Luís Antero Reto, Augusto Pinheiro. 3 reimp. São Paulo: Edições 70, 2011.BARROS, Alessandra Belfort; SILVA, Silvana Maria Moura; COSTA, Maria da Piedade Resende. Dificuldades no processo de inclusão escolar: percepções de professores e de alunos com deficiência visual em escolas públicas. Bol. - Acad. Paul. Psicol. v. 35, n.88, São Paulo, jan. 2015.BRASIL. Lei nº 9.394, de 20 de dezembro de 1996. Estabelece as diretrizes e bases da educação nacional. Diário Oficial da República Federativa do Brasil, Brasília, DF, 23 dez. 1996. Disponível em: http://www.planalto.gov.br/ccivil_03/Leis/L9394.htm. Acesso em: 29 jan. 2021.BRASIL. LEI nº 10.048, DE 8 DE NOVEMBRO DE 2000a. Dá prioridade de atendimento às pessoas que especifica, e dá outras providências. Diário Oficial da República Federativa do Brasil, Brasília, DF, 8 nov. 2000. Disponível em: http://www.planalto.gov.br/ccivil_03/leis/l10048.htm. Acesso: 02 nov. 2020.BRASIL. LEI nº 10.098, DE 19 DE DEZEMBRO DE 2000b. Estabelece normas gerais e critérios básicos para a promoção da acessibilidade das pessoas portadoras de deficiência ou com mobilidade reduzida, e dá outras providências. Diário Oficial da República Federativa do Brasil, Brasília, DF, 19 dez. 2000. Disponível em: http://portal.mec.gov.br/arquivos/pdf/lei10098.pdf. Acesso em: 16 out. 2020.BRASIL. Lei nº. 13.409, de 28 de dezembro de 2016. Dispõe sobre a reserva de vagas para pessoas com deficiência nos cursos técnicos de nível médio e superior das Instituições Federais de Ensino. Brasília, DF, dez. 2016. Diário Oficial da República Federativa do Brasil, Brasília, DF, 3 dez. 2016. Disponível em: http://www.planalto.gov.br/ccivil_03/_ato2015-2018/2016/lei/l13409.htm. Acesso em 14 nov. 2020.BREITENBACH, Fabiane Vanessa. Propostas de educação inclusiva dos institutos Federais do estado do rio grande do sul: Alguns apontamentos. 2012. 137 f. Dissertação (Mestrado) - Programa de Pós - Graduação em Educação, Linha de Pesquisa em Educação Especial, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria. Disponível em: https://repositorio.ufsm.br/bitstream/handle/1/7002/BREITENBACH%2c%20FABIANE%20VANESSA.pdf?sequence=1isAllowed=y. Acesso em: 29 out. 2020.CUNHA, Ana Cristina Barros da; ENUMO, Sónia Regina Fiorim. Desenvolvimento da criança com deficiência visual (DV) e interacção mãe-criança: algumas considerações. Psic., Saúde Doenças, Lisboa, v. 4, n. 1, p. 33-46, jul. 2003. Disponível em http://www.scielo.mec.pt/scielo.php?script=sci_arttextpid=S1645-00862003000100003lng=ptnrm=iso. Acesso em: 26 jan. 2021.DRAGO, Rogério; MANGA, Vanessa Pita Barreira Burgos. Deficiência visual e formação de professores: para uma revisão conceitual. Crítica Educativa. Sorocaba/SP, v. 3, n. 3, p. 292-310. ISSN: 2447-4223. ago./dez. 2017.GIL, Antonio Carlos. Estudo de caso: fundamentação científica - subsídios para coleta e análise de dados - como redigir o relatório. São Paulo: Atlas, 2009. 148 p.GIL, Marta. Deficiência visual. Brasília: Ministério da Educação, 2000. Disponível em: http://portal.mec.gov.br/seed/arquivos/pdf/deficienciavisual.pdf. Acesso em 17 nov. 2020.GLAT, Rosana. Descobrindo Representações Sociais: por uma Cultura de Colaboração para Inclusão Escolar. Rev. Bras. Ed. Esp., Marília/SP, v.24, Edição Especial. p.9-20, 2018. Disponível em: https://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_abstractpid=S1413-65382018000500009lng=ennrm=isotlng=pt. Acesso em 12 nov. 2020.GLAT, Rosana; VIANNA, Márcia Marin; REDIG, Annie Gomes. Plano Educacional Individualizado: uma estratégia a ser construída no processo de formação docente. Ciências Humanas e Sociais em Revista, v. 34, n. 1, 2012. Disponível em: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/274694649_Plano_Educacional_Individualizado_uma_estrategia_a_ser_construida_no_processo_de_formacao_docente. Acesso em 20 nov. 2020.IFPA. Resolução n° 064/2018-CONSUP de 22 de março de 2018. Disponível em:http://sigp.ifpa.edu.br/sigrh/public/colegiados/resolucoes.jsf;jsessionid=E11F0DC7FEE51D742D631C8CD589272A.node1inst1. Acesso em 17 nov. 2020.LIMA, Eva Lídia Maniçoba de; MEDEIROS NETA, Olívia Morais de. Inclusão de pessoas com deficiência visual no Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia do Rio Grande do Norte: formação docente e práticas pedagógicas. Humanidades Inovação, v. 7, n. 11, p. 37-53, 2020. Disponível em: https://revista.unitins.br/index.php/humanidadeseinovacao/article/view/3274. Acesso: 18 nov. 2020.LIRA, Miriam Cristina Frey; SCHLINDWEIN, Luciane Maria. A pessoa cega e a inclusão: um olhar a partir da Psicologia Histórico-Cultural. Cad. Cedes, Campinas, vol. 28, n. 75, p. 171-190, maio/ago. 2008. Disponível em:https://www.scielo.br/pdf/ccedes/v28n75/v28n75a03.pdf. Acesso: 16 nov. 2020.MAGALHÃES, Priscila Giselli Silva; KAWAKAMI, Layanai Mayumi Murakami. Recursos didáticos para alunos com Deficiência Visual: Uma análise das Pesquisas no Brasil. ID on line REVISTA DE PSICOLOGIA, v. 14, n. 50, p. 1153-1169, 2020. Disponível em: https://idonline.emnuvens.com.br/id/article/view/2541. Acesso: 14 nov. 2020.MAZZARINO, Jane Márcia; FALKENBACH, Atos; RISSI, Simone. Acessibilidade e inclusão de uma aluna com deficiência visual na escola e na educação física. Revista Brasileira de Ciências do Esporte. Porto Alegre, v.33, n.1, p. 87-102, Mar. 2011. Disponível em: https://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?pid=S0101-32892011000100006script=sci_abstracttlng=pt. Acesso em 20 nov. 2020.MENDES, Katiuscia Aparecida Moreira de Oliveira. Educação especial inclusiva nos institutos federais de educação, ciência e tecnologia brasileiros. 2017. 165 f. Tese (Doutorado) - Universidade Federal de Goiás, Faculdade de Educação (FE), Programa de Pós-Graduação em Educação, Goiânia. Disponível em: https://repositorio.bc.ufg.br/tede/bitstream/tede/8139/5/Tese%20-%20Katiuscia%20Aparecida%20Moreira%20de%20Oliveira%20Mendes%20-%202017.pdf. Acesso: 16 nov. 2020.MISSEL, Aline. Educação inclusiva: uma reflexão acerca das dificuldades reais na inclusão de pessoas com deficiência física/motora. Revista Educação em Rede: Formação e Prática Docente. ISSN 2316-8919. v. 2, n. 3. 2013.MOSQUERA, Carlos Fernando França. Deficiência visual na escola inclusiva. Série Inclusão Escolar. Curitiba: Intersaberes, 2012. 160 p.NEPONUCENO, Taiane Aparecida Ribeiro; ZANDER, Leiza Daniele. Uma análise dos recursos didáticos táteis adaptados ao ensino de ciências a alunos com deficiência visual inseridos no ensino fundamental. Benjamin Constant. Rio de Janeiro, n. 58, v. 1, p. 49-63, jan.-jun. 2015. Disponível em: http://revista.ibc.gov.br/index.php/BC/article/view/325. Acesso em 18 nov. 2020.NUNES, Sylvia; LOMÔNACO, José Fernando Bitencourt. O aluno cego: preconceitos e potencialidades. Revista Semestral da Associação Brasileira de Psicologia Escolar e Educacional, SP. v. 14, n. 1, 55-64, Janeiro/Junho, 2010. Disponível em https://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?pid=S1413-85572010000100006script=sci_abstracttlng=pt. Acesso em 14 nov. 2020.POKER, Rosimar Bortolini; MARTINS, Sandra Eli Sartoreto de Oliveira; OLIVEIRA, Anna Augusta Sampaio de; MILANEZ, Simone Ghedini Costa; GIROTO, Claudia Regina Mosca. Plano de desenvolvimento individual para o atendimento educacional especializado. São Paulo: Cultura Acadêmica; Marília: Oficina Universitária, 2013. Disponível em: http://biblioteca.clacso.edu.ar/Brasil/ffc-unesp/20170831044958/pdf_267.pdf. Acesso em: 14 nov. 2020.POKER, Rosimar Bortolini; MARTINS, Sandra Eli Sartoreto de Oliveira; GIROTO, Claudia Regina Mosca. Análise de uma Proposta de Plano de Desenvolvimento Individual: o Ponto de Vista do Professor Especialista. Revista Diálogos e Perspectivas em Educação Especial, v.2, n.1, p. 55-72, Jan.-Jun., 2015. Disponível em: https://revistas.marilia.unesp.br/index.php/dialogoseperspectivas/article/view/5197. Acesso em 20 nov. 2020.REGIANI, Anelise Maria; MOL, Gerson de Souza.Inclusão de uma aluna cega em um curso de licenciatura em química. Ciência Educação, v. 19, n. 1, p. 123-134, 2013. Disponível em: https://www.scielo.br/pdf/ciedu/v19n1/09.pdf. Acesso em: 21 nov. 2020.ROCHA, Artur Batista de Oliveira. O papel do professor na educação inclusiva. Ensaios Pedagógicos, v.7, n.2, ISSN – 2175-1773. Jul/Dez 2017. Disponível em: http://www.opet.com.br/faculdade/revista-pedagogia/pdf/n14/n14-artigo-1-O-PAPEL-DO-PROFESSOR-NA-EDUCACAO-INCLUSIVA.pdf. Acesso em 23 nov. 2020.SÁ. Elizabet Dias; CAMPOS, Izilda Maria; SILVA, Myriam Beatriz Campolina. Atendimento Educacional Especializado: Deficiência Visual. SEESP/SEED/MEC, Brasília. DF, 2007. Disponível em: http://portal.mec.gov.br/seesp/arquivos/pdf/aee_dv.pdf. Acesso em: 17 nov. 2019.SALVINI, Roberta Rodrigues; PONTES, Raquel Pereira Pontes; RODRIGUES, Cristina Tristão; SILVA, Maria Micheliana Costa. Avaliação do Impacto do Atendimento Educacional Especializado (AEE) sobre a Defasagem Escolar dos Alunos da Educação Especial. Estud. Econ., São Paulo, v. 49, n. 3, p. 539-568, Sept. 2019. Disponível em: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttextpid=S0101-41612019000300539lng=ennrm=iso. Acesso em: 29 jan. 2021.SANTOS, Luciana. Planejamento da ação didática na educação especial: compreensões necessárias na elaboração do plano de AEE. Revista Ciências Humanas - UNITAU, Taubaté/SP - Brasil, v. 12, n. 1, edição 23, p. 98 - 113, Jan. - Abr. de 2019. Disponível em: https://www.rchunitau.com.br/index.php/rch/article/view/514/279. Acesso em 23 nov. 2020.SILVA, Izaura Maria de Andrade. Políticas de educação profissional para pessoa com deficiência. 2011. 209f. Tese (Doutorado em Educação) –Faculdade de Educação da Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, 2011. Disponível em: https://dlc.library.columbia.edu/catalog/ldpd:504767/bytestreams/content/content?filename=Izaura+Maria+de+Andrade+da+Silva.pdf. Acesso em: 23 nov. 2020.SILVA, Larissa Vendramini; BEGO, Amadeu Moura. Levantamento Bibliográfico sobre Educação Especial e Ensino de Ciências no Brasil. Revista brasileira de educação especial, v. 24, n. 3, p. 343-358, 2018. Disponível em:https://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?pid=S1413-65382018000300343script=sci_arttexttlng=pt . Acesso em: 13 nov. 2020.SILVA, Tatiane Santos; LANDIM, Myrna Friederichs. Tendências de pesquisas em ensino de ciências voltadas a alunos com deficiência visual. Scientia Plena, Aracaju, v. 10, n. 4, p. 1-12, 2014. Disponível em: https://www.scientiaplena.org.br/sp/article/view/1943/979. Acesso em: 19 nov. 2020.SILVA, Claudia Lopes; LEME, Maria Isabel. O Papel do Diretor Escolar na Implantação de uma Cultura Educacional Inclusiva. Psicologia, Ciência e Profissão. v. 29, n. 3, p. 494-511. 2009. Disponível em: https://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?pid=S1414-98932009000300006script=sci_abstracttlng=pt. Acesso em: 23 nov. 2020.SILVEIRA, Cintia Murussi. Professores de alunos com Deficiência Visual: saberes, competências e capacitação. 2010. 137f. Dissertação de Mestrado apresentada ao Programa de Pós graduação em Educação. PUCRS, Porto Alegre, RS, Disponível: http://tede2.pucrs.br/tede2/bitstream/tede/3629/1/421421.pdf. Acesso: 17 nov. 2019.TORRES, Vanthauze Marques Freire; VIEIRA, Sandra Conceição Maria. Qualidade de vida em adolescentes com deficiência. Revista CEFAC, v. 16, n. 6, p. 1953-1961, 2014. Disponível em: https://www.redalyc.org/pdf/1693/169339740024.pdf. Acesso em: 17 nov 2020.

Abstract Introduction : Daratumumab (DARA), a CD38-targeted human monoclonal antibody, is approved as monotherapy and in combination with bortezomib (proteasome inhibitor; PI) or immunomodulatory drugs (IMiD; lenalidomide or pomalidomide) in pts with RRMM. DARA is administered intravenously (IV) and is associated with infusion related reactions (IRRs) in 46% of pts. We previously reported data from PAVO (NCT02519452), an open-label, multicenter, phase 1b study in RRMM, showing that subcutaneous (SC) delivery of DARA with recombinant human hyaluronidase enzyme (rHuPH20) by SC infusion of a mix and deliver formulation (DARA-MD) was well tolerated with low rates of IRRs (Usmani SZ, et al. ASH 2016; abstract 1149). DARA + rHuPH20 also demonstrated an efficacy profile consistent with IV DARA. We present updated data, including initial safety and efficacy findings from an additional cohort that received DARA co-formulated with rHuPH20 (DARA SC), which was delivered by manual SC injection. Methods : RRMM pts had an Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status ≤2 and received ≥2 prior lines of therapy including a PI and an IMiD. To determine the recommended SC dose for Part 2 of this 2-part study, DARA-MD was administered via SC infusion through a syringe pump from 20 to 30 min in Part 1. Pts were administered DARA 1200 mg + rHuPH20 30000 U (in 60 mL) or DARA 1800 mg + rHuPH20 45000 U (in 90 mL) in 28-day cycles: weekly in Cycles 1-2, every 2 weeks in Cycles 3-6, and every 4 weeks thereafter. The 1,800 mg dose level was selected for Part 2. In Part 2, a concentrated co-formulation of the selected DARA SC (1800 mg in 15 mL) and rHuPH20 (30000 U) dose in a single, pre-mixed vial was administered in 3 to 5 minutes by manual SC injection. In both parts, the primary endpoints were Ctrough of DARA up to Cycle 3 Day 1 and safety. Secondary endpoints included overall response rate (ORR), rate of complete response (CR), and time to response. Results : At the clinical cut-off of June 30, 2017, 53 pts were enrolled in Part 1 (DARA-MD 1200 mg, n=8; DARA-MD 1800 mg, n=45) and 25 pts were enrolled in Part 2 (DARA SC 1800 mg). 0/8 (0%), 12/45 (27%), and 25/25 (100%) pts receiving DARA-MD 1200 mg, DARA-MD 1800 mg, and DARA SC 1800 mg, respectively, remain on treatment; the median duration of treatment was 2.6 (0.7-12.0), 5.4 (0.7-16.6+), and 1.4 (0.5-2.3+) months, respectively. In Part 1, 100% and 73% of pts discontinued treatment in the DARA-MD 1200 mg and DARA-MD 1800 mg dose cohorts, respectively, due to progressive disease (75% and 58%), physician decision (0% and 9%), death (13% and 2%), withdrawal by pt (13% and 2%), and other (0% and 2%); in Part 2 with shorter follow up, none discontinued treatment. One pt receiving DARA-MD 1200 mg died due to adverse event (aspiration pneumonia) and 2 pts receiving DARA-MD 1800 mg died due to disease progression; no deaths occurred in the DARA SC 1800 mg cohort. IRRs were reported in 13%, 24% and 4% pts receiving DARA-MD 1200 mg, DARA-MD 1800 mg, and DARA SC 1800 mg, respectively. One grade 3 IRR of dyspnea occurred in the DARA-MD 1200 mg cohort; no grade 3/4 IRRs occurred in pts receiving DARA-MD 1800 mg or DARA SC 1800 mg. SC administration was well tolerated in the DARA-MD 1200 mg, DARA-MD 1800 mg, and DARA SC 1800 mg cohorts, with 63%, 29%, and 20% of pts experiencing reversible erythema and 50%, 22%, and 0% of pts experiencing reversible induration at the infusion/injection site, respectively. Among DARA-MD 1200 mg, DARA-MD 1800 mg, and DARA SC 1800 mg cohorts, treatment-emergent adverse events (TEAEs) occurred in 100%, 98% and 84% pts, respectively; 63%, 49% and 32% were grade 3 or 4 (Table). Serious TEAEs occurred in 50%, 31%, and 4% pts. No pts discontinued treatment due to TEAEs. As of August 1, 2017, in the DARA-MD 1800 mg cohort, ORR was 42%, and the rates of ≥VGPR and ≥CR were 20% and 7%, respectively. In the DARA SC 1800 mg cohort, a preliminary ORR of 42% was observed which requires confirmation at follow up. Updated safety, efficacy and pharmacokinetic data will be presented at the meeting. Conclusions : SC administration of DARA + rHuPH20 was well tolerated, with lower than expected rates of IRRs in all groups, but particularly in those treated with DARA SC 1800 mg administered over only 3-5 minutes. Planned phase 3 studies will use DARA SC at the dose identified in Part 2. Disclosures Chari: Acetylon Pharmaceuticals: Other: Research funding (to AC's institution); Millennium: Consultancy, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees, Research Funding; Array BioPharma: Consultancy, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees, Research Funding; Bristol-Myers Squibb: Consultancy, Other: Research funding (to AC's institution); travel; Takeda: Consultancy, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees, Other: Travel, Research Funding; Celgene: Consultancy, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees, Other, Research Funding; Novartis: Consultancy, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees, Other: Travel, Research Funding; Onyx: Research Funding; Pharmacyclics: Research Funding; Biotest: Other: Research funding (to AC's institution); Janssen: Consultancy, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees, Other: Travel, Research Funding; Amgen: Consultancy, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees, Other: Travel, Research Funding. Mateos: Janssen: Consultancy, Honoraria, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Celgene: Consultancy, Honoraria, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Takeda: Consultancy, Honoraria, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Amgen: Consultancy, Honoraria, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees. Lokhorst: Amgen: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Janssen, Genmab: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees, Research Funding. Kaufman: Amgen, Novartis: Research Funding; Amgen, Roche, BMS, Seattle Genetics, Sutro Biopharma, Pharmacyclics: Consultancy. Moreau: Takeda: Honoraria; Celgene, Janssen, Takeda, Novartis, Amgen, Roche: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Amgen: Honoraria; Bristol-Myers Squibb: Honoraria; Novartis: Consultancy, Honoraria; Onyx Pharmaceutical: Consultancy, Honoraria; Celgene: Consultancy, Honoraria; Millennium: Consultancy, Honoraria; Janssen: Consultancy, Honoraria. Oriol: Celgene: Speakers Bureau; Janssen: Consultancy, Honoraria, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees, Other: sponsored symposia, Speakers Bureau; Takeda: Consultancy, Honoraria, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees, Other: sponsored symposia; Amgen: Consultancy, Honoraria, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees, Other: sponsored symposia, Speakers Bureau. Plesner: Janssen: Research Funding; Janssen, Takeda: Consultancy; Janssen, Genmab: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees. Benboubker: Takeda, Celgene, Janssen, Amgen: Consultancy. Hellemans: Janssen: Employment. Masterson: Janssen: Employment. Clemens: Janssen: Employment. Liu: Janssen: Employment. San-Miguel: Takeda, Celgene, Novartis, Amgen, Janssen, Bristol-Myers Squibb: Consultancy. Usmani: Skyline: Honoraria, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Celgene: Consultancy, Honoraria, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees, Research Funding, Speakers Bureau; Novartis: Speakers Bureau; Takeda: Consultancy, Honoraria, Research Funding, Speakers Bureau; Onyx: Honoraria, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees, Research Funding, Speakers Bureau; Janssen: Honoraria, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees, Research Funding; Array BioPharma: Honoraria, Research Funding; Pharmacyclics: Honoraria, Research Funding; Sanofi: Consultancy, Honoraria, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees, Research Funding; Bristol-Myers Squibb: Honoraria, Research Funding; Millennium: Honoraria, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees, Speakers Bureau; Amgen: Consultancy, Honoraria, Speakers Bureau.

In 2013 the Editor of Journal of Vibration and Control and SAGE became aware of a peer review ring involving assumed and fabricated identities that appeared to centre around Peter Chen at National Pingtung University of Education, Taiwan (NPUE). SAGE and the Editor then began a complex investigation into the case during the rest of 2013 and 2014. Following an unsatisfactory response from Peter Chen, NPUE was notified. NPUE were serious in addressing the Journal and SAGE’s concerns. NPUE confirmed that the institution was investigating Peter Chen. SAGE subsequently uncovered a citation ring involving the above mentioned author and others. We regret that individual authors have compromised the academic record by perverting the peer review process and apologise to readers. On uncovering problems with peer review and citation SAGE immediately put steps in place to avoid similar vulnerability of the Journal to exploitation in the future. More information may be found at www.sagepub.co.uk/JVC_Statement_2014 . The Journal and SAGE understand from NPUE that Peter Chen has resigned his post at NPUE. The following articles are retracted because after thorough investigation evidence points towards them having at least one author or being reviewed by at least one reviewer who has been implicated in the peer review ring and/or citation ring. All authors have had an opportunity to respond to the allegations and proposed actions. OnlineFirst articles (these articles will not be published in an issue) Chen CY, Chen T-H, Chen Y-H, Yu S-E and Chung P-Y (2013) Information technology system modeling an integrated C-TAM-TPB model to the validation of ocean tidal analyses Journal of Vibration and Control Epub ahead of print 7 May 2013. doi: 10.1177/1077546312472924 Chang R-F, Chen CY, Su F-P and Lin H-C (2013) A two-step approach for broadband digital signal processing technique Journal of Vibration and Control Epub ahead of print 26 April 2013. doi: 10.1177/1077546312472925 Chen TH, Chang CJ, Yu SE, Chung PY and Liu C-K (2013) Nonlinear information analysis and system management technique: the influence of design experience and control complexity Journal of Vibration and Control Epub ahead of print 12 April 2013. doi: 10.1177/1077546312473321 Chen CY, Shih BY, Chen YH, Yu SE and Liu YC (2013) The exploration of a 3T flow model using vibrating NXT: II. Model validation Journal of Vibration and Control Epub ahead of print 10 April 2013. doi: 10.1177/1077546312470481 Chen CY, Shih BY, Chen YH, Yu SE and Liu YC (2013) The exploration of 3T flow model using vibrating NXT: I. model formulation Journal of Vibration and Control Epub ahead of print 6 February 2013. doi: 10.1177/1077546312467360 Lin M-L and Chen C-W (2013) Stability analysis of fuzzy-based NN modeling for ecosystems using fuzzy Lyapunov methods Journal of Vibration and Control Epub ahead of print 6 February 2013. doi: 10.1177/1077546312466687 Chen CY, Chen TH, Chen YH and Chiu J (2012) A multi-stage method for deterministic-statistical analysis: a mathematical case and measurement studies Journal of Vibration and Control Epub ahead of print 20 December 2012. doi: 10.1177/1077546312466579 Shih BY, Lin MC and Chen CY (2012) Autonomous navigation system for radiofrequency identification mobile robot e-book reader Journal of Vibration and Control Epub ahead of print 13 December 2012. doi: 10.1177/1077546312466578 Chang RF, Chen CY, Su FP, Lin HC and Lu C-K (2012) Multiphase SUMO robot based on an agile modeling-driven process for a small mobile robot Journal of Vibration and Control Epub ahead of print 13 December 2012. doi: 10.1177/1077546312464993 Shih B-Y, Lin Y-K, Cheng M-H, Chen C-Y and Chiu C-P (2012) The development of an application program interactive game-based information system Journal of Vibration and Control Epub ahead of print 12 December 2012. doi: 10.1177/1077546312464682 Chen C-Y, Chang C-J and Lin C-H (2012) On dynamic access control in web 2.0 and cloud interactive information hub: technologies Journal of Vibration and Control Epub ahead of print 12 December 2012. doi: 10.1177/1077546312464992 Shin BY, Chen CY and Hsu KH (2012) Robot cross platform system using innovative interactive theory and selection algorithms for Android application Journal of Vibration and Control Epub ahead of print 13 November 2012. doi: 10.1177/1077546312463757 Articles published in an issue Chen C-W (2014) Applications of neural-network-based fuzzy logic control to a nonlinear time-delay chaotic system Journal of Vibration and Control 20 (4): 589-605. Epub ahead of print 5 November 2012. doi: 10.1177/1077546312461370 Chen C-W (2014) A review of intelligent algorithm approaches and neural-fuzzy stability criteria for time-delay tension leg platform systems Journal of Vibration and Control 20 (4): 561-575. Epub ahead of print 5 November 2012. doi: 10.1177/1077546312463759 Chen C-Y, Chang C-J and Lin C-H (2014) On dynamic access control in web 2.0 and cloud interactive information hub: trends and theories Journal of Vibration and Control 20 (4): 548-560. Epub ahead of print 5 November 2012. doi: 10.1177/1077546312463762 Lin M-L and Chen C-W (2014) Stability conditions for ecosystem modeling using the fuzzy Lyapunov method Journal of Vibration and Control 20 (2): 290-302. Epub ahead of print 23 October 2012. doi: 10.1177/1077546312451301 Chen C-H, Kuo C-M, Hsieh S-H and Chen C-Y (2014) Highly efficient very-large-scale integration (VLSI) implementation of probabilistic neural network image interpolator Journal of Vibration and Control 20 (2): 218-224. Epub ahead of print 22 October 2012. doi: 10.1177/1077546312458822 Chen C-Y (2014) Wave vibration and simulation in dissipative media described by irregular boundary surfaces: a mathematical formulation Journal of Vibration and Control 20 (2): 191-203. Epub ahead of print 22 October 2012. doi: 10.1177/1077546312464258 Chen C-H, Yao T-K, Dai J-H and Chen C-Y (2014) A pipelined multiprocessor system- on-a-chip (SoC) design methodology for streaming signal processing Journal of Vibration and Control 20 (2): 163-178. Epub ahead of print 16 October 2012. doi: 10.1177/1077546312458821 Lin M-L and Chen C-W (2014) Fuzzy neural modeling for n-degree ecosystems using the linear matrix inequality approach Journal of Vibration and Control 20 (1): 82-93. Epub ahead of print 8 October 2012. doi: 10.1177/1077546312458533 Chen C-H, Wu W-X and Chen C-Y (2013) Ant-inspired collective problem-solving systems Journal of Vibration and Control 19 (16): 2481-2490. Epub ahead of print 18 September 2012. doi: 10.1177/1077546312456231 Chen C-H, Yao T-K, Kuo C-M and Chen C-Y (2013) Evolutionary design of constructive multilayer feedforward neural network Journal of Vibration and Control 19 (16): 2413-2420. Epub ahead of print 12 September 2012. doi: 10.1177/1077546312456726 Chen C-W (2013) Applications of the fuzzy-neural Lyapunov criterion to multiple time-delay systems Journal of Vibration and Control 19 (13): 2054-2067. Epub ahead of print 16 August 2012. doi: 10.1177/1077546312451034 Chung P-Y, Chen Y-H, Walter L and Chen C-Y (2013) Influence and dynamics of a mobile robot control on mechanical components Journal of Vibration and Control 19 (13): 1923-1935. Epub ahead of print 20 July 2012. doi: 10.1177/1077546312452184 Chen C-W (2013) Neural network-based fuzzy logic parallel distributed compensation controller for structural system Journal of Vibration and Control 19 (11): 1709-1727. Epub ahead of print 22 June 2012. doi: 10.1177/1077546312442233 Chen C-W, Yeh K, Yang H-C, Liu KFR and Liu C-C (2013) A critical review of structural system control by the large-scaled neural network linear-deferential-inclusion-based criterion Journal of Vibration and Control 19 (11): 1658-1673. Epub ahead of print 18 June 2012. doi: 10.1177/1077546312443377 Chen C-H, Kuo C-M, Chen C-Y and Dai J-H (2013) The design and synthesis using hierarchical robotic discrete-event modeling Journal of Vibration and Control 19 (11): 1603-1613. Epub ahead of print 27 June 2012. doi: 10.1177/1077546312449645 Chang CJ, Chen CY and Chou I-T (2013) The design of information and communication technologies: telecom MOD strength machines Journal of Vibration and Control 19 (10): 1499-1513. Epub ahead of print 27 June 2012. doi: 10.1177/1077546312449644 Shih B-Y, Chen C-Y, Li K-H, Wu T-Y, Chen G-Y (2013) A novel NXT control method for implementing force sensing and recycling in a training robot Journal of Vibration and Control 19 (10): 1443-1459. Epub ahead of print 1 June 2012. doi: 10.1177/1077546312446361 Chen C-W, Chen P-C and Chiang W-L (2013) Modified intelligent genetic algorithm-based adaptive neural network control for uncertain structural systems Journal of Vibration and Control 19 (9): 1333-1347. Epub ahead of print 31 May 2012. doi: 10.1177/1077546312442232 Chen C-Y, Shih B-Y, Shih C-H and Wang L-H (2013) Enhancing robust and stability control of a humanoid biped robot: system identification approach. Journal of Vibration and Control 19 (8): 1199-1207. Epub ahead of print 26 April 2012. doi: 10.1177/1077546312442947 Chang C-J, Chen C-Y and Huang C-W (2013) Applications for medical recovery using wireless control of a bluetooth ball with a hybrid G-sensor and human-computer interface technology Journal of Vibration and Control 19 (8): 1139-1151. Epub ahead of print 24 April 2012. doi: 10.1177/1077546312442948 Hsu W-K, Chiou D-J, Chen C-W, Liu M-Y, Chiang W-L and Huang P-C (2013) Sensitivity of initial damage detection for steel structures using the Hilbert-Huang transform method Journal of Vibration and Control 19 (6): 857-878. Epub ahead of print 29 February 2012. doi: 10.1177/1077546311434794 Chen C-Y, Shih B-Y, Shih C-H and Wang L-H (2013) Human–machine interface for the motion control of humanoid biped robots using a graphical user interface Motion Editor Journal of Vibration and Control 19 (6): 814-820. Epub ahead of print 23 February 2012. doi: 10.1177/1077546312437804 Chen C-Y (2013) Internal wave transport, nonlinear manifestation, and mixing in a stratified shear layer - technical briefs Journal of Vibration and Control 19 (3): 429-438. Epub ahead of print 18 January 2012. doi: 10.1177/1077546311429337 Chen C-W (2013) Delay independent criterion for multiple time-delay systems and its application in building structure control systems Journal of Vibration and Control 19 (3): 395-414. Epub ahead of print 17 January 2012. doi: 10.1177/1077546311429341 Chen C-Y, Shih B-Y, Shih C-H and Wang L-H (2013) Design, modeling and stability control for an actuated dynamic walking planar bipedal robot Journal of Vibration and Control 19 (3): 376-384. Epub ahead of print 17 January 2012. doi: 10.1177/1077546311429476 Liu K-C, Liu Y-W, Chen C-Y and Huang W-C (2013) Nonlinear vibration of structural deterioration in reinforced concrete columns: experimental and theoretical investigation Journal of Vibration and Control 19 (3): 323-335. Epub ahead of print 17 January 2012. doi: 10.1177/1077546311429477 Chen C-Y, Shih B-Y and Ma J-m (2013) Development for low-cost and cross-platform robot control environment Journal of Vibration and Control 19 (2): 228-233. Epub ahead of print 11 January 2012. doi: 10.1177/1077546311430107 Shih B-Y, Chang H and Chen C-Y (2013) Path planning for autonomous robots – a comprehensive analysis by a greedy algorithm Journal of Vibration and Control 19 (1): 130-142. Epub ahead of print 17 January 2012. doi: 10.1177/1077546311429841 Liu T-Y, Chiang W-L, Chen C-W, Hsu W-K, Lin C-W, Chiou D-J and Huang P-C (2012) Structural system identification for vibration bridges using the Hilbert–Huang transform Journal of Vibration and Control 18 (13): 1939-1956. Epub ahead of print 14 December 2011. doi: 10.1177/1077546311428347 Chen C-W (2012) Applications of the fuzzy Lyapunov linear matrix inequality criterion to a chaotic structural system Journal of Vibration and Control 18 (13): 1925-1938. Epub ahead of print 14 December 2011. doi: 10.1177/1077546311428346 Chen C-W (2012) Applications of linear differential inclusion-based criterion to a nonlinear chaotic system: a critical review Journal of Vibration and Control 18 (12): 1886-1899. Epub ahead of print 14 December 2011. doi: 10.1177/1077546311428345 Shih B-Y, Chen C-Y and Chou W (2012) An enhanced obstacle avoidance and path correction mechanism for an autonomous intelligent robot with multiple sensors Journal of Vibration and Control 18 (12): 1855-1864. Epub ahead of print 14 December 2011. doi: 10.1177/1077546311426734 Chen C-W, Yeh K, Liu KFR and Lin M-L (2012) Applications of fuzzy control to nonlinear time-delay systems using the linear matrix inequality fuzzy Lyapunov method Journal of Vibration and Control 18 (10): 1561-1574. Epub ahead of print 18 October 2011. doi: 10.1177/1077546311410765 Chen C-Y (2012) A critical review of internal wave dynamics. Part 2 – Laboratory experiments and theoretical physics Journal of Vibration and Control 18 (7): 983-1008. Epub ahead of print 21 September 2011. doi: 10.1177/1077546310397561 Chen C-Y and Huang P-H (2012) Review of an autonomous humanoid robot and its mechanical control Journal of Vibration and Control 18 (7): 973-982. Epub ahead of print 21 September 2011. doi: 10.1177/1077546310395974 Shih B-Y, Chen C-Y, Chang H and Ma J-m (2012) Dynamics and control for robotic manipulators using a greedy algorithm approach Journal of Vibration and Control 18 (6): 859-866. Epub ahead of print 25 August 2011. doi: 10.1177/1077546311407649 Yeh K, Chen C-W, Lo DC and Liu KFR (2012) Neural-network fuzzy control for chaotic tuned mass damper systems with time delays Journal of Vibration and Control 18 (6): 785-795. Epub ahead of print 15 August 2011. doi: 10.1177/1077546311407538 Chen C-Y, Shih B-Y, Shih C-H and Chou W-C (2012) The development of autonomous low-cost biped mobile surveillance robot by intelligent bricks Journal of Vibration and Control 18 (5): 577-586. Epub ahead of print 21 April 2011. doi: 10.1177/1077546310371349 Chen C-Y (2012) A critical review of internal wave dynamics. Part 1 – Remote sensing and in-situ observations Journal of Vibration and Control 18 (3): 417-436. Epub ahead of print 13 July 2011. doi: 10.1177/1077546310395971 Tseng C-P, Chen C-W and Liu KFR (2012) Risk control allocation model for pressure vessels and piping project Journal of Vibration and Control 18 (3): 385-394. Epub ahead of print 13 July 2011. doi: 10.1177/1077546311403182 Lin M-L and Chen C-W (2011) Stability analysis of community and ecosystem hierarchies using the Lyapunov method Journal of Vibration and Control 17 (13): 1930-1937. Epub ahead of print 9 December 2010. doi: 10.1177/1077546310385737 Chen C-Y, Shih B-Y, Chou W-C, Li Y-J and Chen Y-H (2011) Obstacle avoidance design for a humanoid intelligent robot with ultrasonic sensors Journal of Vibration and Control 17 (12): 1798-1804. Epub ahead of print 26 November 2010. doi: 10.1177/1077546310381101 Chen C-W (2011) Fuzzy control of interconnected structural systems using the fuzzy Lyapunov method Journal of Vibration and Control 17 (11): 1693-1702. Epub ahead of print 23 November 2010. doi: 10.1177/1077546310379625 Shih B-Y, Chen C-Y and Chou W-C (2011) Obstacle avoidance using a path correction method for autonomous control of a biped intelligent robot Journal of Vibration and Control 17 (10): 1567-1573. Epub ahead of print 22 November 2010. doi: 10.1177/1077546310372004 Tang J-P, Chiou D-J, Chen C-W, Chiang W-L, Hsu W-K, Chen C-Y and Liu T-Y (2011) A case study of damage detection in benchmark buildings using a Hilbert-Huang Transform-based method Journal of Vibration and Control 17 (4): 623-636. Epub ahead of print 8 November 2010. doi: 10.1177/1077546309360053 Liu TY, Chiang WL, Chen CW, Hsu WK, Lu LC and Chu TJ (2011) Identification and monitoring of bridge health from ambient vibration data Journal of Vibration and Control 17 (4): 589-603. Epub ahead of print 12 November 2010. doi: 10.1177/1077546309360049 Lin JW, Huang CW, Shih CH and Chen CY (2011) Fuzzy Lyapunov Stability Analysis and NN Modeling for Tension Leg Platform Systems Journal of Vibration and Control 17 (1): 151-158. Epub ahead of print 25 August 2010. doi: 10.1177/1077546309350477 Lee WI, Chen CY, Kuo HM and Sui YC (2010) The Development of Half-circle Fuzzy Numbers and Application in Fuzzy Control Journal of Vibration and Control 16 (13): 1977-1987. Epub ahead of print 22 April 2010. doi: 10.1177/1077546309349849

In 2013 the Editor of Journal of Vibration and Control and SAGE became aware of a peer review ring involving assumed and fabricated identities that appeared to centre around Peter Chen at National Pingtung University of Education, Taiwan (NPUE). SAGE and the Editor then began a complex investigation into the case during the rest of 2013 and 2014. Following an unsatisfactory response from Peter Chen, NPUE was notified. NPUE were serious in addressing the Journal and SAGE’s concerns. NPUE confirmed that the institution was investigating Peter Chen. SAGE subsequently uncovered a citation ring involving the above mentioned author and others. We regret that individual authors have compromised the academic record by perverting the peer review process and apologise to readers. On uncovering problems with peer review and citation SAGE immediately put steps in place to avoid similar vulnerability of the Journal to exploitation in the future. More information may be found at www.sagepub.co.uk/JVC_Statement_2014 . The Journal and SAGE understand from NPUE that Peter Chen has resigned his post at NPUE. The following articles are retracted because after thorough investigation evidence points towards them having at least one author or being reviewed by at least one reviewer who has been implicated in the peer review ring and/or citation ring. All authors have had an opportunity to respond to the allegations and proposed actions. OnlineFirst articles (these articles will not be published in an issue) Chen CY, Chen T-H, Chen Y-H, Yu S-E and Chung P-Y (2013) Information technology system modeling an integrated C-TAM-TPB model to the validation of ocean tidal analyses Journal of Vibration and Control Epub ahead of print 7 May 2013. doi: 10.1177/1077546312472924 Chang R-F, Chen CY, Su F-P and Lin H-C (2013) A two-step approach for broadband digital signal processing technique Journal of Vibration and Control Epub ahead of print 26 April 2013. doi: 10.1177/1077546312472925 Chen TH, Chang CJ, Yu SE, Chung PY and Liu C-K (2013) Nonlinear information analysis and system management technique: the influence of design experience and control complexity Journal of Vibration and Control Epub ahead of print 12 April 2013. doi: 10.1177/1077546312473321 Chen CY, Shih BY, Chen YH, Yu SE and Liu YC (2013) The exploration of a 3T flow model using vibrating NXT: II. Model validation Journal of Vibration and Control Epub ahead of print 10 April 2013. doi: 10.1177/1077546312470481 Chen CY, Shih BY, Chen YH, Yu SE and Liu YC (2013) The exploration of 3T flow model using vibrating NXT: I. model formulation Journal of Vibration and Control Epub ahead of print 6 February 2013. doi: 10.1177/1077546312467360 Lin M-L and Chen C-W (2013) Stability analysis of fuzzy-based NN modeling for ecosystems using fuzzy Lyapunov methods Journal of Vibration and Control Epub ahead of print 6 February 2013. doi: 10.1177/1077546312466687 Chen CY, Chen TH, Chen YH and Chiu J (2012) A multi-stage method for deterministic-statistical analysis: a mathematical case and measurement studies Journal of Vibration and Control Epub ahead of print 20 December 2012. doi: 10.1177/1077546312466579 Shih BY, Lin MC and Chen CY (2012) Autonomous navigation system for radiofrequency identification mobile robot e-book reader Journal of Vibration and Control Epub ahead of print 13 December 2012. doi: 10.1177/1077546312466578 Chang RF, Chen CY, Su FP, Lin HC and Lu C-K (2012) Multiphase SUMO robot based on an agile modeling-driven process for a small mobile robot Journal of Vibration and Control Epub ahead of print 13 December 2012. doi: 10.1177/1077546312464993 Shih B-Y, Lin Y-K, Cheng M-H, Chen C-Y and Chiu C-P (2012) The development of an application program interactive game-based information system Journal of Vibration and Control Epub ahead of print 12 December 2012. doi: 10.1177/1077546312464682 Chen C-Y, Chang C-J and Lin C-H (2012) On dynamic access control in web 2.0 and cloud interactive information hub: technologies Journal of Vibration and Control Epub ahead of print 12 December 2012. doi: 10.1177/1077546312464992 Shin BY, Chen CY and Hsu KH (2012) Robot cross platform system using innovative interactive theory and selection algorithms for Android application Journal of Vibration and Control Epub ahead of print 13 November 2012. doi: 10.1177/1077546312463757 Articles published in an issue Chen C-W (2014) Applications of neural-network-based fuzzy logic control to a nonlinear time-delay chaotic system Journal of Vibration and Control 20 (4): 589-605. Epub ahead of print 5 November 2012. doi: 10.1177/1077546312461370 Chen C-W (2014) A review of intelligent algorithm approaches and neural-fuzzy stability criteria for time-delay tension leg platform systems Journal of Vibration and Control 20 (4): 561-575. Epub ahead of print 5 November 2012. doi: 10.1177/1077546312463759 Chen C-Y, Chang C-J and Lin C-H (2014) On dynamic access control in web 2.0 and cloud interactive information hub: trends and theories Journal of Vibration and Control 20 (4): 548-560. Epub ahead of print 5 November 2012. doi: 10.1177/1077546312463762 Lin M-L and Chen C-W (2014) Stability conditions for ecosystem modeling using the fuzzy Lyapunov method Journal of Vibration and Control 20 (2): 290-302. Epub ahead of print 23 October 2012. doi: 10.1177/1077546312451301 Chen C-H, Kuo C-M, Hsieh S-H and Chen C-Y (2014) Highly efficient very-large-scale integration (VLSI) implementation of probabilistic neural network image interpolator Journal of Vibration and Control 20 (2): 218-224. Epub ahead of print 22 October 2012. doi: 10.1177/1077546312458822 Chen C-Y (2014) Wave vibration and simulation in dissipative media described by irregular boundary surfaces: a mathematical formulation Journal of Vibration and Control 20 (2): 191-203. Epub ahead of print 22 October 2012. doi: 10.1177/1077546312464258 Chen C-H, Yao T-K, Dai J-H and Chen C-Y (2014) A pipelined multiprocessor system- on-a-chip (SoC) design methodology for streaming signal processing Journal of Vibration and Control 20 (2): 163-178. Epub ahead of print 16 October 2012. doi: 10.1177/1077546312458821 Lin M-L and Chen C-W (2014) Fuzzy neural modeling for n-degree ecosystems using the linear matrix inequality approach Journal of Vibration and Control 20 (1): 82-93. Epub ahead of print 8 October 2012. doi: 10.1177/1077546312458533 Chen C-H, Wu W-X and Chen C-Y (2013) Ant-inspired collective problem-solving systems Journal of Vibration and Control 19 (16): 2481-2490. Epub ahead of print 18 September 2012. doi: 10.1177/1077546312456231 Chen C-H, Yao T-K, Kuo C-M and Chen C-Y (2013) Evolutionary design of constructive multilayer feedforward neural network Journal of Vibration and Control 19 (16): 2413-2420. Epub ahead of print 12 September 2012. doi: 10.1177/1077546312456726 Chen C-W (2013) Applications of the fuzzy-neural Lyapunov criterion to multiple time-delay systems Journal of Vibration and Control 19 (13): 2054-2067. Epub ahead of print 16 August 2012. doi: 10.1177/1077546312451034 Chung P-Y, Chen Y-H, Walter L and Chen C-Y (2013) Influence and dynamics of a mobile robot control on mechanical components Journal of Vibration and Control 19 (13): 1923-1935. Epub ahead of print 20 July 2012. doi: 10.1177/1077546312452184 Chen C-W (2013) Neural network-based fuzzy logic parallel distributed compensation controller for structural system Journal of Vibration and Control 19 (11): 1709-1727. Epub ahead of print 22 June 2012. doi: 10.1177/1077546312442233 Chen C-W, Yeh K, Yang H-C, Liu KFR and Liu C-C (2013) A critical review of structural system control by the large-scaled neural network linear-deferential-inclusion-based criterion Journal of Vibration and Control 19 (11): 1658-1673. Epub ahead of print 18 June 2012. doi: 10.1177/1077546312443377 Chen C-H, Kuo C-M, Chen C-Y and Dai J-H (2013) The design and synthesis using hierarchical robotic discrete-event modeling Journal of Vibration and Control 19 (11): 1603-1613. Epub ahead of print 27 June 2012. doi: 10.1177/1077546312449645 Chang CJ, Chen CY and Chou I-T (2013) The design of information and communication technologies: telecom MOD strength machines Journal of Vibration and Control 19 (10): 1499-1513. Epub ahead of print 27 June 2012. doi: 10.1177/1077546312449644 Shih B-Y, Chen C-Y, Li K-H, Wu T-Y, Chen G-Y (2013) A novel NXT control method for implementing force sensing and recycling in a training robot Journal of Vibration and Control 19 (10): 1443-1459. Epub ahead of print 1 June 2012. doi: 10.1177/1077546312446361 Chen C-W, Chen P-C and Chiang W-L (2013) Modified intelligent genetic algorithm-based adaptive neural network control for uncertain structural systems Journal of Vibration and Control 19 (9): 1333-1347. Epub ahead of print 31 May 2012. doi: 10.1177/1077546312442232 Chen C-Y, Shih B-Y, Shih C-H and Wang L-H (2013) Enhancing robust and stability control of a humanoid biped robot: system identification approach. Journal of Vibration and Control 19 (8): 1199-1207. Epub ahead of print 26 April 2012. doi: 10.1177/1077546312442947 Chang C-J, Chen C-Y and Huang C-W (2013) Applications for medical recovery using wireless control of a bluetooth ball with a hybrid G-sensor and human-computer interface technology Journal of Vibration and Control 19 (8): 1139-1151. Epub ahead of print 24 April 2012. doi: 10.1177/1077546312442948 Hsu W-K, Chiou D-J, Chen C-W, Liu M-Y, Chiang W-L and Huang P-C (2013) Sensitivity of initial damage detection for steel structures using the Hilbert-Huang transform method Journal of Vibration and Control 19 (6): 857-878. Epub ahead of print 29 February 2012. doi: 10.1177/1077546311434794 Chen C-Y, Shih B-Y, Shih C-H and Wang L-H (2013) Human–machine interface for the motion control of humanoid biped robots using a graphical user interface Motion Editor Journal of Vibration and Control 19 (6): 814-820. Epub ahead of print 23 February 2012. doi: 10.1177/1077546312437804 Chen C-Y (2013) Internal wave transport, nonlinear manifestation, and mixing in a stratified shear layer - technical briefs Journal of Vibration and Control 19 (3): 429-438. Epub ahead of print 18 January 2012. doi: 10.1177/1077546311429337 Chen C-W (2013) Delay independent criterion for multiple time-delay systems and its application in building structure control systems Journal of Vibration and Control 19 (3): 395-414. Epub ahead of print 17 January 2012. doi: 10.1177/1077546311429341 Chen C-Y, Shih B-Y, Shih C-H and Wang L-H (2013) Design, modeling and stability control for an actuated dynamic walking planar bipedal robot Journal of Vibration and Control 19 (3): 376-384. Epub ahead of print 17 January 2012. doi: 10.1177/1077546311429476 Liu K-C, Liu Y-W, Chen C-Y and Huang W-C (2013) Nonlinear vibration of structural deterioration in reinforced concrete columns: experimental and theoretical investigation Journal of Vibration and Control 19 (3): 323-335. Epub ahead of print 17 January 2012. doi: 10.1177/1077546311429477 Chen C-Y, Shih B-Y and Ma J-m (2013) Development for low-cost and cross-platform robot control environment Journal of Vibration and Control 19 (2): 228-233. Epub ahead of print 11 January 2012. doi: 10.1177/1077546311430107 Shih B-Y, Chang H and Chen C-Y (2013) Path planning for autonomous robots – a comprehensive analysis by a greedy algorithm Journal of Vibration and Control 19 (1): 130-142. Epub ahead of print 17 January 2012. doi: 10.1177/1077546311429841 Liu T-Y, Chiang W-L, Chen C-W, Hsu W-K, Lin C-W, Chiou D-J and Huang P-C (2012) Structural system identification for vibration bridges using the Hilbert–Huang transform Journal of Vibration and Control 18 (13): 1939-1956. Epub ahead of print 14 December 2011. doi: 10.1177/1077546311428347 Chen C-W (2012) Applications of the fuzzy Lyapunov linear matrix inequality criterion to a chaotic structural system Journal of Vibration and Control 18 (13): 1925-1938. Epub ahead of print 14 December 2011. doi: 10.1177/1077546311428346 Chen C-W (2012) Applications of linear differential inclusion-based criterion to a nonlinear chaotic system: a critical review Journal of Vibration and Control 18 (12): 1886-1899. Epub ahead of print 14 December 2011. doi: 10.1177/1077546311428345 Shih B-Y, Chen C-Y and Chou W (2012) An enhanced obstacle avoidance and path correction mechanism for an autonomous intelligent robot with multiple sensors Journal of Vibration and Control 18 (12): 1855-1864. Epub ahead of print 14 December 2011. doi: 10.1177/1077546311426734 Chen C-W, Yeh K, Liu KFR and Lin M-L (2012) Applications of fuzzy control to nonlinear time-delay systems using the linear matrix inequality fuzzy Lyapunov method Journal of Vibration and Control 18 (10): 1561-1574. Epub ahead of print 18 October 2011. doi: 10.1177/1077546311410765 Chen C-Y (2012) A critical review of internal wave dynamics. Part 2 – Laboratory experiments and theoretical physics Journal of Vibration and Control 18 (7): 983-1008. Epub ahead of print 21 September 2011. doi: 10.1177/1077546310397561 Chen C-Y and Huang P-H (2012) Review of an autonomous humanoid robot and its mechanical control Journal of Vibration and Control 18 (7): 973-982. Epub ahead of print 21 September 2011. doi: 10.1177/1077546310395974 Shih B-Y, Chen C-Y, Chang H and Ma J-m (2012) Dynamics and control for robotic manipulators using a greedy algorithm approach Journal of Vibration and Control 18 (6): 859-866. Epub ahead of print 25 August 2011. doi: 10.1177/1077546311407649 Yeh K, Chen C-W, Lo DC and Liu KFR (2012) Neural-network fuzzy control for chaotic tuned mass damper systems with time delays Journal of Vibration and Control 18 (6): 785-795. Epub ahead of print 15 August 2011. doi: 10.1177/1077546311407538 Chen C-Y, Shih B-Y, Shih C-H and Chou W-C (2012) The development of autonomous low-cost biped mobile surveillance robot by intelligent bricks Journal of Vibration and Control 18 (5): 577-586. Epub ahead of print 21 April 2011. doi: 10.1177/1077546310371349 Chen C-Y (2012) A critical review of internal wave dynamics. Part 1 – Remote sensing and in-situ observations Journal of Vibration and Control 18 (3): 417-436. Epub ahead of print 13 July 2011. doi: 10.1177/1077546310395971 Tseng C-P, Chen C-W and Liu KFR (2012) Risk control allocation model for pressure vessels and piping project Journal of Vibration and Control 18 (3): 385-394. Epub ahead of print 13 July 2011. doi: 10.1177/1077546311403182 Lin M-L and Chen C-W (2011) Stability analysis of community and ecosystem hierarchies using the Lyapunov method Journal of Vibration and Control 17 (13): 1930-1937. Epub ahead of print 9 December 2010. doi: 10.1177/1077546310385737 Chen C-Y, Shih B-Y, Chou W-C, Li Y-J and Chen Y-H (2011) Obstacle avoidance design for a humanoid intelligent robot with ultrasonic sensors Journal of Vibration and Control 17 (12): 1798-1804. Epub ahead of print 26 November 2010. doi: 10.1177/1077546310381101 Chen C-W (2011) Fuzzy control of interconnected structural systems using the fuzzy Lyapunov method Journal of Vibration and Control 17 (11): 1693-1702. Epub ahead of print 23 November 2010. doi: 10.1177/1077546310379625 Shih B-Y, Chen C-Y and Chou W-C (2011) Obstacle avoidance using a path correction method for autonomous control of a biped intelligent robot Journal of Vibration and Control 17 (10): 1567-1573. Epub ahead of print 22 November 2010. doi: 10.1177/1077546310372004 Tang J-P, Chiou D-J, Chen C-W, Chiang W-L, Hsu W-K, Chen C-Y and Liu T-Y (2011) A case study of damage detection in benchmark buildings using a Hilbert-Huang Transform-based method Journal of Vibration and Control 17 (4): 623-636. Epub ahead of print 8 November 2010. doi: 10.1177/1077546309360053 Liu TY, Chiang WL, Chen CW, Hsu WK, Lu LC and Chu TJ (2011) Identification and monitoring of bridge health from ambient vibration data Journal of Vibration and Control 17 (4): 589-603. Epub ahead of print 12 November 2010. doi: 10.1177/1077546309360049 Lin JW, Huang CW, Shih CH and Chen CY (2011) Fuzzy Lyapunov Stability Analysis and NN Modeling for Tension Leg Platform Systems Journal of Vibration and Control 17 (1): 151-158. Epub ahead of print 25 August 2010. doi: 10.1177/1077546309350477 Lee WI, Chen CY, Kuo HM and Sui YC (2010) The Development of Half-circle Fuzzy Numbers and Application in Fuzzy Control Journal of Vibration and Control 16 (13): 1977-1987. Epub ahead of print 22 April 2010. doi: 10.1177/1077546309349849

1. [John Southcot] to [Richard Smith], 13 December 1631 392. [George Leyburn] to [Richard Smith], 20 December 1631 423. Clerk [John Southcot] to [Peter Biddulph], 20 January 1632 454. [George Leyburn] to Fitton [Peter Biddulph], January/February 1632 495. Antonino [John Southcot] to [Peter Biddulph], 3 February 1632 526. Antonino [John Southcot] to [Peter Biddulph], 24 February 1632 567. [John Southcot] to [Richard Smith], 28 February 1632 598. [John Southcot] to [Richard Smith], 14 March 1632 629. [John Southcot] to [Richard Smith], 11 April 1632 6510. Antonino [John Southcot] to Fitton [Peter Biddulph], 13 April 1632 6811. Laborn [George Leyburn] to [Peter Biddulph], 13 April 1632 7212. [John Southcot] to Gibbons [John Wakeman], 20 April 1632 7713. Antonino [John Southcot] to [an English secular priest at Paris], 1 May 1632 7814. Clerk [John Southcot] to Fitton [Peter Biddulph], 11 May 1632 8415. Clerk [John Southcot] to Fitton [Peter Biddulph], 1 June 1632 8716. John Clerk [Southcot] to Fitton [Peter Biddulph], 8 June 1632 9317. Clerk [John Southcot] to [Peter Biddulph], 22 June 1632 9618. Clerk [John Southcot] to [Peter Biddulph], 6 July 1632 10119. Clerk [John Southcot] to [Peter Biddulph], 13 July 1632 10520. Clerk [John Southcot] to Fitton [Peter Biddulph], 20 July 1632 10821. Clerk [John Southcot] to Fitton [Peter Biddulph], 27 July 1632 11122. Fountyne [George Leyburn] to [Richard Smith], 1 August 1632 11323. [John Southcot] to [an English secular priest at Paris], 7 August 1632 11624. Clerk [John Southcot] to [Peter Biddulph], 10 August 1632 11925. [John] Southcot to [an English secular priest at Paris], 21 August 1632 12426. Clerk [John Southcot] to [Peter Biddulph], 23 August 1632 12527. Laborn [George Leyburn] to Fitton [Peter Biddulph], 31 August 1632 12928. Clerk [John Southcot] to [Peter Biddulph], 31 August 1632 13029. [John Southcot] to [an English secular priest at Paris], 5 September 1632 13430. Clerk [John Southcot] to Fitton [Peter Biddulph], 7 September 1632 13831. Lab[orn] [George Leyburn] to [an English secular priest at Paris], 9 September 1632 14132. Clerk [John Southcot] to [Peter Biddulph], 18 January 1633 14333. R. E. [Richard East] to [Richard Smith], 6 February 1633 14734. Clerk [John Southcot] to [Peter Biddulph], 8 February 1633 14835. Clerk [John Southcot] to [Peter Biddulph], 15 February 1633 15336. Clerk [John Southcot] to [Peter Biddulph], 1 March 1633 15637. Fountayne [George Leyburn] to [Peter Biddulph], 1 March 1633 15938. Clerk [John Southcot] to [Peter Biddulph], 6 March 1633 16139. Clerk [John Southcot] to Fitton [Peter Biddulph], 22 March 1633 16440. Clerk [John Southcot] to [Peter Biddulph], 29 March 1633 16541. Clerk [John Southcot] to Fitton [Peter Biddulph], 13 April 1633 16842. Clerk [John Southcot] to [Peter Biddulph], 19 April 1633 17043. [John Southcot] to [an English secular priest at Paris], 24 April 1633 17344. [John Southcot] to [Peter Biddulph], 26 April 1633 17545. Clerk [John Southcot] to Fitton [Peter Biddulph], 7 June 1633 17946. Clerk [John Southcot] to [Peter Biddulph], 14 June 1633 18347. Clerk [John Southcot] to Fitton [Peter Biddulph], 5 July 1633 18848. Fountyne [George Leyburn] to Fitton [Peter Biddulph], 5 July 1633 18949. Clerk [John Southcot] to Fitton [Peter Biddulph], 19 July 1633 19050. Laborn [George Leyburn] to Fitton [Peter Biddulph], 9 August 1633 19551. Clerk [John Southcot] to [Peter Biddulph], 16 August 1633 19752. Clerk [John Southcot] to Fitton [Peter Biddulph], 30 August 1633 20053. Clerk [John Southcot] to Fitton [Peter Biddulph], 13 September 1633 20354. Clerk [John Southcot] to Fitton [Peter Biddulph], 8 November 1633 20655. Clerk [John Southcot] to [Peter Biddulph], 13 December 1633 20756. [John Southcot] to Fitton [Peter Biddulph], 10 January 1634 21157. [George Leyburn] to Leuis Amaryn [Richard Smith], 14 January 1634 21458. William Morgan [Case] to [an English secular priest], 4 February 1634 21759. Roberts [George Leyburn] to Louis Amarine [Richard Smith], 29 April 1634 21960. [George Leyburn] to Louis Amarine [Richard Smith], 22 May 1634 22161. Roberts [George Leyburn] to Louys Amarine [Richard Smith], 1 July 1634 22462. Roberts [George Leyburn] to Fitton [Peter Biddulph], 5 July 1634 22763. [John Southcot] to Louys Amerin [Richard Smith], 9 July 1634 22864. Roberts [George Leyburn] to Fitton [Peter Biddulph], 12 July 1634 22965. [George Leyburn] to [Richard Smith], 1 October 1634 23266. [George Leyburn] to Louis Ameryn [Richard Smith], 19 November 1634 23467. ‘Reasons to perswade the Court of Rome that a Catholick Bishop in England is not offensive to the king and State’, 1634 23668. [George Leyburn] to [Richard Smith], 21 January 1635 24369. ‘Short Instructions’, 1635 24570. Roberts [George Leyburn] to Lewys Amerine [Richard Smith], 8 April 1635 24971. R[ichardus] C[halcedonensis] [Richard Smith] to William Laud, 15/25 April 1635 25272. Roberts [George Leyburn] to Leuys Amerine [Richard Smith], 8 May 1635 25473. Clerk [John Southcot] to [William Hargrave], 26 May 1635 25774. [John Southcot] to Louys Ameryn [Richard Smith], 27 May 1635 25975. [John Southcot] to Fitton [Peter Biddulph], 14 August 1635 26176. Clerk [John Southcot] to [Peter Biddulph], 20 November 1635 26477. Laborne [George Leyburn] to [Richard Smith], 9 December 1635 26778. Relation of Thomas Green from Essex (1635) 26979. ‘Instruction concerning the present state of the Protestant Church of England, May 1636’ 27280. Laborne [George Leyburn] to [Richard Smith], 3 July 1636 27981. J[ohn] Lovel [Southcot] to Edward Hope [Bennett], 26 August 1636 28282. Jo[hn] Clerk [Southcot] to Edward Farrington [Bennett], 2 September 1636 28683. Laborn [George Leyburn] to Farrington [Edward Bennett], 3 September 1636 28784. R[oberts] [George Leyburn] to [Richard Smith], 7 September 1636 29285. [George Leyburn] to [Richard Smith], late October/early November 1636 29486. [George Leyburn] to Leuys Amerine [Richard Smith], 2 November 1636 29787. G[eorge] Fountayne [Leyburn] to Leuys Amerine [Richard Smith], 24 November 1636 29988. [George Leyburn] to [Richard Smith], 27 December 1636 30289. Rob[erts] [George Leyburn] to [Richard Smith], 19 January 1637 30490. Rob[erts] [George Leyburn] to Leuys Amerine [Richard Smith], 23 February 1637 30791. Roberts [George Leyburn] to Louys Amerine [Richard Smith], 19 May 1637 30992. Roberts [George Leyburn] to Leuys Ameryne [Richard Smith], 26 May 1637 31293. Roberts [George Leyburn] to [Richard Smith], 14 June 1637 31594. Roberts [George Leyburn] to Leuys Amerine [Richard Smith], 9 August 1637 31795. Webster [Anthony Champney] to Clarkson [Richard Smith], 22 February 1638 31896. Rob[erts] [George Leyburn] to Louys Amerine [Richard Smith], 15 March 1638 32197. Ro[berts] [George Leyburn] to Louys Amerine [Richard Smith], 10 May 1638 323

Standard line-transect census techniques were deployed to generate a checklist and quantify the abundance of medium and large-bodied vertebrate species in forest areas of eastern Amazonia with and without a history of reduced-impact logging (RIL). Three areas were allocated a total of 1,196.9 km of line-transect census effort. Sampling was conducted from April to June 2012 and from April to August 2013, and detected 29 forest vertebrate species considered in this study belonging to 15 orders, 20 families and 28 genera. Additionally, eight species were recorded outside census walks through direct and indirect observations. Of this total, six species are considered vulnerable according to IUCN (Ateles paniscus, Myrmecophaga tridactyla, Priodontes maximus, Tapirus terrestris, Tayassu peccary, Chelonoidis denticulata). Observed species richness ranged from 21 to 24 species in logged and unlogged areas, and encounter rates along transects were highly variable between treatments. However, the relative abundance of species per transect did not differ between transects in logged and unlogged forests. Of the species detected during censuses, only three showed different relative abundance between the two treatments (Saguinus midas, Tinamus spp. and Dasyprocta leporina). Our results show that the effect of RIL forest management was a relatively unimportant determinant of population abundance for most medium and large vertebrates over the time period of the survey.

Straipsnyje nagrinėjamos XV–XVIII a. Biblijos, saugomos Lietuvos nacionalinės Martyno Mažvydo bibliotekos Retų knygų ir rankraščių skyriaus fonde. Užregistruota 320 pavadinimų 517 tomų viso teksto Biblijų arba jos dalių. Pagrindiniu tyrimo principu pasirinktas kalbinis, atskleidžiantis, kiek Biblijų yra originalo kalbomis (29 pavadinimai), kiek yra vertimų į senąsias Rytų kalbas (4), į lotynų kalbą (120), Europos tautų kalbas (150), taip pat Biblia poliglotta (11). Išskirtinę vietą aptariamoje grupėje užima pirmoji Lutherio Biblijos laida (Vitenbergas, 1534), pirmasis visos Biblijos vertimas iš originalo kalbų į lenkų kalbą (Lietuvos Brasta, 1563), pirmasis visos Biblijos vertimas iš originalo kalbų į ispanų kalbą (Bazelis, 1569), pirmoji visa Biblija senąja slavų kalba (Ostrogas, 1581), pirmoji Biblija latvių kalba (Ryga, 1694), taip pat pirmasis visos Biblijos vertimas į lietuvių kalbą (Karaliaučius, 1735). Tarp didžiausių Nacionalinės bibliotekos raritetų minėtina Maskvos anoniminės spaustuvės Evangelija (Maskva, apie 1553) — pirmoji Maskvoje išspausdinta knyga – ir šešių tomų Londono poliglota, vadinama Waltono Biblija (Londonas, 1654–1657). Proveniencinių tyrimų metu buvo nustatyta, kad didžiausią Biblijų dalį sudaro Biblijos iš buvusių Vilniaus vyskupijos kunigų seminarijos (44%) ir Žemaičių kunigų seminarijos (18%) bibliotekų ir iš asmeninės Friedricho Augusto Gottholdo bibliotekos Karaliaučiuje (5%).

Abstract: This study presents an inventory of the ichthyofauna of the lower Roosevelt River sub-basin and its associated tributaries. Fish sampling with fishing nets and measurements of environmental parameters of water occurred in November/2012 (rising water), February/2013 (flooding), May/2013 (falling water) and August/2013 (drought). Depth mean was 8.86 m, water transparency was 0.6 m, conductivity was 22.7 µS.cm-1, pH was 6.59, dissolved oxygen was 7.63 mg.l-1 and temperature was 28°C. The total estimated capture area was 68,829.6 m2 during 2,880 hours. The catch per unit Effort (CPUE) was 0.37 individuals m-2.day-1. Species were spatially aggregated in all sampling points and river water levels. A total of 5,183 individuals distributed in 7 orders, 29 families, 104 genders and 188 species were sampled in this survey. The diversity index was 4.121 and equitability index was 0.789. The Characiforms order was the most abundant with 106 species, followed by Siluriforms with 63 species and Cichliforms with 23 species. The most abundant species was Serrasalmus rhombeus (Linnaeus, 1766) with 327 individuals (5.9%), followed by Chalceus epakros (Cope, 1870) with 309 individuals (5.6%) and Acestrorhynchus microlepis (Schomburgk, 1841) with 250 individuals (4.5%). Trophicity was characterized by omnivorous (28.6%), piscivorous (14.3%), carnivorous (13.8%) and detritivorous (12.8%). According to IBAMA's regulation, 29.25% of captured species presents ornamental potential.

Background: The coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID -19) outbreak and lockdown measures have given challenges related to food production, food supply chain, indulgence in low healthy processed food, lack of public transportation, difficulties in accessing emergency and regular health services. Nepal already has high burden of child mortality (39 deaths per 1000 live births) and this pandemic situation has put children at greater risk of facing hunger, malnutrition, lack of routine immunisation, communicable disease outbreak, and many more psychological as well as physical health issues. Objectives: This study identifies nutritional status and gap in routine vaccination in children during COVID-19 pandemic thereby help in modelling action plan to prevent an outpouring in malnutrition and vaccine preventable infections in children. Methods: This is a hospital-based analytical cross-sectional study done among 138 children of ages one to 59 months old from 1st January 2021 to 1st August 2021 attending paediatric clinic of KMCTH. Results: In this study, 20 (14.4%) of the children were stunted, 23 (16.6%) were wasted and 15 (10.8%) were categorised under undernutrition, three (2.2%) were overweight and three (2.2%) were obese. There were significantly more male children stunted than female (p-value = 0.005). Thirty-five (33.3%) of less than 15 months children were reported to have delay of more than two weeks in routine immunisation of children. A significant delay of more than four weeks was observed in 29 (27.6%). Conclusion: Indirect impact of COVID-19 pandemic in children like malnutrition and gap in routine vaccination needs to be addressed seriously in Nepal.

Background: Near infrared spectroscopy is a noninvasive method for assessing regional tissue oxygenation (StO2), a parameter influenced by microvascular perfusion. Normal StO2 values recorded from the thenar eminance are 87% ± 6%. In critically ill patients, low StO2 levels (<70%) have been associated with a poor prognosis. We evaluated the prognostic significance of StO2 in patients undergoing therapeutic hypothermia (TH) after cardiac arrest (CA). Hypothesis: After resuscitation from CA, an initial StO2 ≥70%, or an initial StO2 <70% followed by an upward trend, is associated with a good neurologic outcome. Methods: We conducted a retrospective analysis of CA patients who underwent TH between August, 2005 and June, 2013. StO2 levels at the thenar eminence were collected at the onset and hourly during TH. Neurological outcome was assessed by the Cerebral Performance Category (CPC) at hospital discharge. Good outcome was defined as survival to hospital discharge with a CPC ≤2. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed. Results: Among 160 patients, 18% (n=29) survived with a CPC ≤2. Survival with a CPC ≤2 was associated with witnessed CA (p=0.04; OR 11.6; 95% CI 1.1-118.0), shockable rhythm (p=0.02; OR 3.4; 95% CI 1.2-9.3), time to return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC) ≤15 minutes (p=0.02; OR 4.5; 95% CI 1.2-16.6) and age <65 (p=0.001; OR 7.6; 95% CI 2.3-25.5). However, an initial StO2 ≥70% was not associated with a CPC ≤2 (P=0.7; OR 0.82; 95% CI 0.29-2.2). For patients with an initial St02 <70%, there was no difference in outcome between those with an upward trend vs downward trend in St02 (p=0.98). Conclusions: Similar to previous trials documenting the value of TH witnessed CA, shockable rhythm, short time to ROSC, and younger age were associated with a good neurologic outcome. StO2 levels recorded from the thenar eminence were not associated with neurologic outcome. These StO2 levels are influenced by regional perfusion and tissue oxygenation but may not reflect cerebral microvascular perfusion. Identifying alternative technologies to assess cerebral microvascular perfusion may help determine patients for whom a good neurologic outcome can be predicted.

The globe is engulfed by one of the most extensive public health crises as COVID-19 has become a leading cause of death worldwide. COVID-19 was first detected in Wuhan, China, in December 2019, causing the severe acute respiratory syndrome. This review discusses issues related to Covid-19 vaccines, such as vaccine development targets, vaccine types, efficacy, limitations and development prospects. Keywords: Covid-19, SARS-CoV-2, vaccine, spike protein. References [1] C. Wang, P. W. Horby, F. G. Hayden, G. F. Gao, A Novel Coronavirus Outbreak of Global Health Concern, The Lancet, Vol. 395, No. 10223, 2020, pp. 470-473, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(20)30185-9.[2] T. Singhal, A Review of Coronavirus Disease-2019 (COVID-19), The Indian Journal of Pediatrics, Vol. 87, 2020, pp. 281-286, https://doi.org/10.1007/s12098-020-03263-6.[3] World Health Organization, WHO Coronavirus (COVID-19) Dashboard, https://covid19.who.int/, (accessed on: August 21st, 2021).[4] A. Alimolaie, A Review of Coronavirus Disease-2019 (COVID-19), Biological Science Promotion Vol. 3, No. 6, 2020, pp. 152-157.[5] J. Yang, Y. Zheng, X. Gou, K. Pu, Z. Chen, Q. Guo et al., Prevalence of Comorbidities and Its Effects in Patients Infected with SARS-Cov-2: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis, International Journal of Infectious Diseases, Vol. 94, 2020, pp. 91-95, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijid.2020.03.017.[6] H. E. Randolph, L. B. Barreiro, Herd Immunity: Understanding COVID-19, Immunity, Vol. 52, No. 5, 2020, pp. 737-741, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.immuni.2020.04.012.[7] F. Jung, V. Krieger, F. Hufert, J. H. Küpper, Herd Immunity or Suppression Strategy to Combat COVID-19, Clinical Hemorheology and Microcirculation, Vol. 75, No. 1, 2020, pp. 13-17, https://doi.org/10.3233/CH-209006.[8] O. Sharma, A. A. Sultan, H. Ding, C. R. Triggle, A Review of the Progress and Challenges of Developing a Vaccine for COVID-19, Frontiers in Immunology, Vol. 11, No. 2413, 2020, pp. 1-17, https://doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2020.585354.[9] G. D. Sempowski, K. O. Saunders, P. Acharya, K. J. Wiehe, B. F. Haynes, Pandemic preparedness: Developing Vaccines and Therapeutic Antibodies for COVID-19, Cell, Vol. 181, No. 7, 2020, pp. 1458-1463, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cell.2020.05. 041.[10] A. J. R. Morales, J. A. C. Ospina, E. G. Ocampo, R. V. Peña, Y. H. Rivera, J. P. E. Antezana et al., Clinical, Laboratory and Imaging Features of COVID-19: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Travel Medicine and Infectious Disease, Vol. 34, 2020, pp. 101-623, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tmaid.2020.101623.[11] C. Huang, Y. Wang, X. Li, L. Ren, J. Zhao, Y. Hu et al., Clinical Features of Patients Infected with 2019 Novel Coronavirus in Wuhan, China, The Lancet, Vol. 395, No. 10223, 2020, pp. 497-506, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(20)30183-5.[12] R. Lu, X. Zhao, J. Li, P. Niu, B. Yang, H. Wu et al., Genomic Characterisation and Epidemiology of 2019 Novel Coronavirus: Implications for Virus Origins and Receptor Binding, The Lancet, Vol. 395, No. 10224, 2020, pp. 565-574, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(20)30251-8.[13] L. Chen, W. Liu, Q. Zhang, K. Xu, G. Ye, W. Wu et al., RNA Based mNGS Approach Identifies a Novel Human Coronavirus From Two Individual Pneumonia Cases in 2019 Wuhan Outbreak, Emerging Microbes & Infections, Vol. 9, No. 1, 2020, pp. 313-319, https://doi.org/10.1080/22221751.2020.1725399.[14] Y. Chen, Q. Liu, D. Guo, Emerging Coronaviruses: Genome Structure, Replication, and Pathogenesis, Journal of Medical Virology, Vol. 92, No. 4, 2020, pp. 418-423, https://doi.org/10.1002/jmv.25681.[15] D. R. Beniac, A. Andonov, E. Grudeski, T. F. Booth, Architecture of The SARS Coronavirus Prefusion Spike, Nature Structural & Molecular Biology, Vol. 13, No. 8, 2006, pp. 751-752, https://doi.org/10.1038/nsmb1123.[16] B. W. Neuman, G. Kiss, A. H. Kunding, D. Bhella, M. F. Baksh, S. Connelly et al., A Structural Analysis of M Protein in Coronavirus Assembly and Morphology, Journal of Structural Biology, Vol. 174, No. 1, 2011, pp. 11-22, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsb.2010.11.021.[17] J. L. N. Torres, M. L. DeDiego, C. V. Báguena, J. M. J. Guardeño, J. A. R. Nava, R. F. Delgado et al., Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus Envelope Protein Ion Channel Activity Promotes Virus Fitness and Pathogenesis, Plos Pathogens Vol. 10, No. 5, 2014, https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1004077.[18] A. R. Fehr, S. Perlman. Coronaviruses: An Overview of Their Replication and Pathogenesis. Coronaviruses, New York, 2015, pp. 1-23.[19] M. Letko, A. Marzi, V. Munster, Functional Assessment of Cell Entry and Receptor Usage for SARS-CoV-2 and Other Lineage B Betacoronaviruses,. Nature Microbiology, Vol. 5, No. 4, 2020, pp. 562-569, https://doi.org/10.1038/s41564-020-0688-y.[20] A. Grifoni, D. Weiskopf, S. I. Ramirez, J. Mateus, J. M. Dan, C. R. Moderbacher et al., Targets of T Cell Responses to SARS-Cov-2 Coronavirus in Humans With COVID-19 Disease and Unexposed Individuals, Cell, Vol. 181, No. 7, 2020, pp. 1489-1501, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cell.2020.05.015.[21] M. Leslie, T Cells Found in Coronavirus Patients Bode Well for Long-Term Immunity, American Association for the Advancement of Science, Vol. 368, No. 6493, 2020, pp. 809-810, https://doi.org/10.1126/science.368.6493.809.[22] N. L. Bert, A. T. Tan, K. Kunasegaran, C. Y. Tham, M. Hafezi, A. Chia et al., SARS-CoV-2-specific T Cell Immunity in Cases of COVID-19 and SARS, and Uninfected Controls, Nature, Vol. 584, No. 7821, 2020, pp. 457-462, https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-020-2550-z .[23] E. R. Adams, M. Ainsworth, R. Anand, M. I. Andersson, K. Auckland, J. K. Baillie et al., Antibody Testing for COVID-19: A Report from the National COVID Scientific Advisory Panel, Wellcome Open Research, Vol. 5, 2020, pp. 139-156, https://doi.org/10.12688/wellcomeopenres.15927.1.[24] N. Vabret, G. J. Britton, C. Gruber, S. Hegde, J. Kim, M. Kuksin et al., Immunology of COVID-19: current state of the science, Immunity. Vol. 52, No. 6, 2020, pp. 910-941, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.immuni.2020.05.002[25] W. Liu, A. Fontanet, P. H. Zhang, L. Zhan, Z. T. Xin, L. Baril et al., Two-Year Prospective Study of The Humoral Immune Response of Patients with Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome, The Journal of Infectious Diseases, Vol. 193, No. 6, 2006, pp. 792-795, https://doi.org/10.1086/500469.[26] E. Callaway, Coronavirus Vaccines Leap Through Safety Trials-But Which Will Work is Anybody's Guess, Nature, Vol. 583, No. 7818, 2020, pp. 669-671, https://doi.org/10.1038/d41586-020-02174-y.[27] Y. Dong, T. Dai, Y. Wei, L. Zhang, M. Zheng, F. Zhou. A Systematic Review of SARS-Cov-2 Vaccine Candidates, Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy, Vol. 5, No. 1, 2020, pp. 1-14, https://doi.org/10.1038/s41392-020-00352-y. [28] E. P. Regalado, Vaccines for SARS-CoV-2: Lessons from Other Coronavirus Strains. Infectious Diseases and Therapy, Vol. 9, No. 2, 2020, pp. 255-274, https://doi.org/10.1007/s40121-020-00300-x.[29] Y. Cai, J. Zhang, T. Xiao, H. Peng, S. M. Sterling, R. M. Walsh et al., Distinct Conformational States of SARS-CoV-2 Spike Protein, Science, Vol. 369, No. 6511, 2020, pp. 1586-1592, https://doi.org/10.1126/science.abd4251.[30] M. S. Suthar, M. G. Zimmerman, R. C. Kauffman, G. Mantus, S. L. Linderman, W. H. Hudson et al., Rapid Generation of Neutralizing Antibody Responses in COVID-19 Patients, Cell Reports Medicine, Vol. 1, No. 3, 2020, pp. 100040-100047, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.xcrm.2020.100040.[31] Q. Gao, L. Bao, H. Mao, L. Wang, K. Xu, M. Yang et al., Development of an Inactivated Vaccine Candidate for SARS-CoV-2, Science, Vol. 36, No. 6499, 2020, pp. 77-81, https://doi.org/10.1126/science.abc1932.[32] L. Ni, F. Ye, M. L. Cheng, Y. Feng, Y. Q. Deng, H. Zhao et al., Detection of SARS-CoV-2-specific Humoral and Cellular Immunity in COVID-19 Convalescent Individuals, Immunity, Vol. 52, No. 6, 2020, pp. 971-977, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.immuni.2020.04.023.[33] B. D. Quinlan, H. Mou, L. Zhang, Y. Guo, W. He, A. Ojha et al., The SARS-CoV-2 Receptor-binding Domain Elicits a Potent Neutralizing Response Without Antibody-dependent Enhancement, Available at SSRN, Vol. 3575134, 2020, pp. 1-24, http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3575134.[34] D. B. Melo, B. E. N. Payant, W. C. Liu, S. Uhl, D. Hoagland, R. Moller et al., Imbalanced Host Responseto SARS-Cov-2 Drives Development of COVID-19, Cell, Vol. 181, No. 5, 2020, pp. 1036-1045, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cell.2020.04.026.[35] J. Hadjadj, N. Yatim, L. Barnabei, A. Corneau, J. Boussier, N. Smith et al., Impaired Type I Interferon Activity and Inflammatory Responses in Severe COVID-19 Patients, Science, Vol. 36, No. 6504, 2020, pp. 718-724, https://doi.org/10.1126/science.abc6027.[36] H. Pang, Y. Liu, X. Han, Y. Xu, F. Jiang, D. Wu et al., Protective Humoral Responses to Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome-associated Coronavirus: Implications for the Design of an Effective Protein-based Vaccine, Journal of General Virology, Vol. 85, No. 10, 2004, pp. 3109-3113, https://doi.org/10.1099/vir.0.80111-0.[37] Y. Li, R. Tenchov, J. Smoot, C. Liu, S. Watkins, Q. Zhou, A Comprehensive Review of The Global Efforts on COVID-19 Vaccine Development, ACS Central Science , Vol. 7, No. 4, 2021, pp. 512-533, https://doi.org/10.1021/acscentsci.1c00120.[38] J. A. Wolff, R. W. Malone, P. Williams, W. Chong, G. Acsadi, A. Jani et al., Direct Gene Transfer Into Mouse Muscle in Vivo, Science, Vol. 247, No. 4949, 1990, pp. 1465-1468,. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1690918.[39] M. Ingolotti, O. Kawalekar, D. J. Shedlock, K. Muthumani, D. B. Weiner, DNA Vaccines for Targeting Bacterial Infections, Expert Review of Vaccines, Vol. 9, No. 7, 2010, pp. 747-763, https://doi.org/10.1586/erv.10.57.[40] S. Jones, K. Evans, H. M. Johnn, M. Sharpe, J. Oxford, R. L. Williams et al., DNA Vaccination Protects Against an Influenza Challenge in A Double-Blind Randomised Placebo-Controlled Phase 1b Clinical Trial, Vaccine, Vol. 27, No. 18, 2009, pp. 2506-2512, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vaccine.2009.02.061.[41] J. Kim, INOVIO Doses First Subject in Phase 2 Segment of its INNOVATE Phase 2/3 Clinical Trial for INO-4800, its DNA Medicine to Prevent COVID-19, Cision PR Newswire: News Distribution, Targeting and Monitoring Home, https://www.prnewswire.com/newsreleases/inovio-doses-first-subject-in-phase-2-segment-of-its-innovate-phase-23-clinical-trial-for-ino-4800-its-dna-medicine-to-prevent-covid-19-301187002.html/, 2020, (accessed on: December 7th, 2020).[42] P. Tebas, S. Yang, J. D. Boyer, E. L. Reuschel, A. Patel, A. C. Quick et al., Safety and Immunogenicity of INO-4800 DNA Vaccine Against SARS-Cov-2: A Preliminary Report of an Open-Label, Phase 1 Clinical Trial, EClinical Medicine, Vol. 31, No. 1000689, 2021, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eclinm.2020.100689.[43] T. Schlake, A. Thess, M. F. Mleczek, K. J. Kallen. Developing mRNA-vaccine Technologies, RNA Biology, Vol. 9, No. 11, 2012, pp. 1319-1330, https://doi.org/10.4161/rna.22269.[44] K. J. Hassett, K. E. Benenato, E. Jacquinet, A. Lee, A. Woods, O. Yuzhakov et al., Optimization of lipid Nanoparticles for Intramuscular Administration of mRNA Vaccines, Molecular Therapy-Nucleic Acids, Vol. 15, 2019, pp. 1-11, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.omtn.2019.01.013.[45] A. Bashirullah, R. L. Cooperstock, H. D. Lipshitz, Spatial and Temporal Control of RNA Stability, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Vol. 98, No. 13, 2001, pp. 7025-7028. [46] K. Kariko, H. Muramatsu, J. Ludwig, D. Weissman, Generating the Optimal mRNA for Therapy: HPLC Purification Eliminates Immune Activation and Improves Translation of Nucleoside-Modified, Protein-Encoding mRNA, Nucleic Acids Research, Vol. 39, No. 21, 2011, pp. 142-152, https://doi.org/10.1093/nar/gkr695.[47] N. Pardi, M. J. Hogan, M. S. Naradikian, K. Parkhouse, D. W. Cain, L. Jones et al., Nucleoside-Modified mRNA Vaccines Induce Potent T Follicular Helper and Germinal Center B Cell Responses, Journal of Experimental Medicine, Vol. 215, No. 6, 2018, pp. 1571-1588, https://doi.org/10.1084/jem.20171450.[48] L. A. Jackson, E. J. Anderson, N. G. Rouphael, P. C. Roberts, M. Makhene, R. N. Coler et al., An mRNA Vaccine Against SARS-CoV-2-Preliminary Report, New England Journal of Medicine, Vol. 383, No. 20, 2020, pp. 1920-1931, https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa2022483.[49] K. S. Corbett, D. K. Edwards, S. R. Leist, O. M. Abiona, S. B. Barnum, R. A. Gillespie et al., SARS-CoV-2 mRNA Vaccine Design Enabled by Prototype Pathogen Preparedness, Nature, Vol. 586, No. 7830, 2020, pp. 567-571, https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-020-2622-0.[50] K. S. Corbett, B. Flynn, K. E. Foulds, J. R. Francica, S. B. Barnum, A. P. Werner et al., Evaluation of the mRNA-1273 Vaccine Against SARS-CoV-2 in Nonhuman Primates, New England Journal of Medicine, Vol. 383, No. 16, 2020, pp. 1544-1555, https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa2024671.[51] E. E. Walsh, R. Frenck, A. R. Falsey, N. Kitchin, J. Absalon, A. Gurtman et al., RNA-Based COVID-19 Vaccine BNT162b2 Selected for a Pivotal Efficacy Study, Medrxiv, Vol. 2, 2020, https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.08.17.20176651.[52] M. J. Mulligan, K. E. Lyke, N. Kitchin, J. Absalon, A. Gurtman, S. Lockhart et al., Phase 1/2 Study to Describe the Safety and Immunogenicity of a COVID-19 RNA Vaccine Candidate (BNT162b1) in Adults 18 to 55 Years of Age: Interim Report, Medrxiv, Vol. 586, 2020, pp. 589-593, https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa2028436.[53] E. J. Anderson, N. G. Rouphael, A. T. Widge, L. A. Jackson, P. C. Roberts, M. Makhene et al., Safety and Immunogenicity of SARS-CoV-2 mRNA-1273 Vaccine in Older Adults, New England Journal of Medicine, Vol. 383, No. 25, 2020, pp. 2427-2438, https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-020-2639-4.[54] P. F. McKay, K. Hu, A. K. Blakney, K. Samnuan, J. C. Brown, R. Penn et al., Self-amplifying RNA SARS-CoV-2 Lipid Nanoparticle Vaccine Candidate Induces High Neutralizing Antibody Titers in Mice, Nature Communications, Vol. 11, No. 1, 2020, pp. 1-7, https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-020-17409-9.[55] J. H. Erasmus, A. P. Khandhar, A. C. Walls, E. A. Hemann, M. A. O’Connor, P. Murapa et al., Single-dose Replicating RNA vaccine Induces Neutralizing Antibodies Against SARS-CoV-2 in Nonhuman Primates, BioRxiv, 2020, https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.05.28.121640.[56] R. D. Alwis, E. S. Gan, S. Chen, Y. S. Leong, H. C. Tan, S. L. Zhang et al., A Single Dose of Self-Transcribing and Replicating RNA-based SARS-CoV-2 Vaccine Produces Protective Adaptive Immunity in Mice, Molecular Therapy, Vol. 29, No. 6, 2021, pp. 1970-1983, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ymthe.2021.04.001.[57] M. R. Guroff, Replicating and Non-Replicating Viral Vectors for Vaccine Development, Current Opinion in Biotechnology, Vol. 18, No. 6, 2007, pp. 546-556, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.copbio.2007.10.010.[58] K. Benihoud, P. Yeh, M. Perricaudet, Adenovirus Vectors for Gene Delivery, Current Opinion in Biotechnology, Vol. 10, No. 5,1999, pp. 440-447, https://doi.org/10.1016/s0958-1669(99)00007-5.[59] Z. Xiang, G. Gao, A. R. Sandoval, C. J. Cohen, Y. Li, J. M. Bergelson et al., Novel, Chimpanzee Serotype 68-Based Adenoviral Vaccine Carrier for Induction of Antibodies to A Transgene Product, Journal of Virology, Vol. 76, No. 6, 2002, pp. 2667-2675, https://doi.org/10.1128/JVI.76.6.2667-2675.2002.[60] F. C. Zhu, X. H. Guan, Y. H. Li, J. Y. Huang, T. Jiang, L. H. Hou et al., Immunogenicity and Safety Of A Recombinant Adenovirus Type-5-Vectored COVID-19 Vaccine in Healthy Adults Aged 18 Years or Older: A Randomised, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled, Phase 2 Trial, The Lancet, Vol. 396, No. 10249, 2020, pp. 479-488, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(20)31605-6.[61] F. C. Zhu, Y. H. Li, X. H. Guan, L. H. Hou, W. J. Wang, J. X. Li et al., Safety, Tolerability, and Immunogenicity of A Recombinant Adenovirus Type-5 Vectored COVID-19 Vaccine: A Dose-Escalation, Open-Label, Non-Randomised, First-in-Human Trial, The Lancet. Vol. 395, No. 10240, 2020, pp. 1845-1854.[62] S. Wu, G. Zhong, J. Zhang, L. Shuai, Z. Zhang, Z. Wen, et al. A Single Dose of An Adenovirus-Vectored Vaccine Provides Protection Against SARS-Cov-2 Challenge, Nature Communications Vol. 1, No. 11, 2020, pp. 1-7, https://doi.org/10.1016/s41467-020-17972-1.[63] P. M. Folegatti, K. J. Ewer, P. K. Aley, B. Angus, S. Becker, S. B. Rammerstorfer et al., Safety and Immunogenicity of The Chadox1 Ncov-19 Vaccine Against SARS-Cov-2: A Preliminary Report of A Phase 1/2, Single-Blind, Randomised Controlled Trial, The Lancet, Vol. 396, No. 10249, 2020, pp. 467-478, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(20)31604-4.[64] N. V. Doremalen, T. Lambe, A. Spencer, S. B. Rammerstorfer, J. N. Purushotham, J. R. Port et al., ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 Vaccine Prevents SARS-Cov-2 Pneumonia in Rhesus Macaques, Nature, Vol. 586, No. 7830, 2020, pp. 578-582, https://doi.org/10.1016/s41586-020-2608-y.[65] D. Y. Logunov, I. V. Dolzhikova, O. V. Zubkova, A. I. Tukhvatullin, D. V. Shcheblyakov, A. S. Dzharullaeva et al., Safety and Immunogenicity of an Rad26 And Rad5 Vector-Based Heterologous Prime-Boost COVID-19 Vaccine in Two Formulations: Two Open, Non-Randomised Phase 1/2 Studies From Russia, The Lancet, Vol. 396, No. 10255, 2020, pp. 887-897, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(20)31866-3.[66] S. Y. Jung, K. W. Kang, E. Y. Lee, D. W. Seo, H. L. Kim, H. Kim et al., Heterologous Prime-Boost Vaccination with Adenoviral Vector and Protein Nanoparticles Induces Both Th1 and Th2 Responses Against Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus, Vaccine, Vol. 36, No. 24, 2018, pp. 3468-3476, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vaccine.2018.04.082.[67] S. Lu, Heterologous Prime-Boost Vaccination. Current Opinion in Immunology, Vol. 21, No. 3, 2009, pp. 346-351, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.coi.2009.05.016.[68] D. Y. Logunov, I. V. Dolzhikova, D. V. Shcheblyakov, A. I. Tukhvatulin, O. V. Zubkova, A. S. Dzharullaeva et al., Safety and Efficacy of an Rad26 and Rad5 Vector-Based Heterologous Prime-Boost COVID-19 Vaccine: an Interim Analysis of A Randomised Controlled Phase 3 Trial in Russia, The Lancet, Vol. 397, No. 10275, 2021, pp. 671-681, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(21)00234-8.[69] T. Ura, K. Okuda, M. Shimada. Developments in Viral Vector-Based Vaccines, Vaccines, Vol. 2, No. 3, 2014, pp. 624-641, https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines2030624.[70] B. E. Bache, M. P. Grobusch, S. T. Agnandji. Safety, Immunogenicity and Risk-Benefit Analysis of Rvsv-ΔG-ZEBOV-GP (V920) Ebola Vaccine in Phase I-III Clinical Trials Across Regions. Future Microbiology, Vol. 15, No. 2, 2020, pp. 85-106, https://doi.org/10.2217/fmb-2019-0237.[71] Ebola Vaccines, NIH: National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases Logo, 2020, https://www.niaid.nih.gov/diseases-conditions/ebola-vaccines/, (accessed on: January 9th, 2020).[72] F. Krammer, SARS-CoV-2 Vaccines in Development, Nature, Vol. 586, No. 7830, 2020, pp. 516-527, https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-020-2798-3.[73] Y. Zhang, G. Zeng, H. Pan, C. Li, Y. Hu, K. Chu et al., Safety, Tolerability, and Immunogenicity of an Inactivated SARS-CoV-2 Vaccine in Healthy Adults Aged 18-59 Years: A Randomised, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled, Phase 1/2 Clinical Trial, The Lancet Infectious Diseases, Vol. 21, No. 2, 2021, pp. 181-192, https://doi.org/10.1016/S1473-3099(20)30843-4.[74] Sinovac Announces Phase III Results of Its COVID-19 Vaccine, Sinovac, 2021. https://www.businessswwire.com/news/home/20210205005496/en/Sinovac-Announces-Phase-III-Results-of-Its-COVID-19-Vaccine/, 2021, (accessed on: February 5th,2021).[75] Sinovac Receives Conditional Marketing Authorization in China for its COVID-19 Vaccine. Sinovac, https://www.businessswwire.com/news/ home/20210208005305/en/Sinovac-Receives-Conditional-Marketing-Authorization-in-China-for-its-COVID-19-Vaccin/, 2021, (accessed on: February 8th, 2021).[76] L. M. Rossen, A. M. Branum, F. B. Ahmad, P. Sutton, R. N. Anderson, Excess Deaths Associated with COVID-19, by Age and Race and Ethnicity-United States, January 26-October 3, 2020, Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report, Vol. 69, No. 42, 2020, pp. 1522-1527.[77] China Grants Conditional Market Approval for Sinopharm CNBG’s COVID-19 Vaccine. Sinopharm, http://www.sinopharm.com/en/s/1395-4173-38862.html/, 2021, (accessed on: January 2nd, 2021).[78] V. A. Fulginiti, J. J. Eller, A. W. Downie, C. H. Kempe, Altered Reactivity to Measles Virus: Atypical Measles in Children Previously Immunized with Inactivated Measles Virus Vaccines, Jama, Vol. 202, No. 12, 1967, pp. 1075-1080, https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.1967.03130250057008.[79] H. W. Kim, J. G. Canchola, C. D. Brandt, G. Pyles, R. M. Chanock, K. Jensen et al., Respiratory Syncytial Virus Disease in Infants Despite Prior Administration of Antigenic Inactivated Vaccine. American Journal of Epidemiology, Vol. 89, No. 4, 1969, pp. 422-434, https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a120955.[80] Novavax Confirms High Levels of Efficacy Against Original and Variant COVID-19 Strains in United Kingdom and South Africa Trials, Novavax 2021, https://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/novavax-confirms-high-levels-of-efficacy-against-original-and-variant-covid-19-strains-in-united-kingdom-and-south-africa-trials-301246019.html/, (accessed on: March 11th, 2021).[81] Our Vaccine, Covaxx, 2020, https://www.gavi.org/covax-vaccine-roll-out/, (accessed on: August 14th, 2021).[82] M. O. Mohsen, G. Augusto, M. F. Bachmann, The 3Ds in Virus‐like Particle Based‐vaccines: Design, Delivery and Dynamics, Immunological Reviews Vol. 296, No. 1, 2020, pp. 155-168, https://doi.org/10.1111/imr.12863.

Bihrer, Andreas / Miriam Czock / Uta Kleine (Hrsg.), Der Wert des Heiligen. Spirituelle, materielle und ökonomische Verflechtungen (Beiträge zur Hagiographie, 23), Stuttgart 2020, Steiner, 234 S. / Abb., € 46,00. (Carola Jäggi, Zürich) Leinsle, Ulrich G., Die Prämonstratenser (Urban Taschenbücher; Geschichte der christlichen Orden), Stuttgart 2020, Kohlhammer, 250 S. / Abb., € 29,00. (Joachim Werz, Frankfurt a. M.) Gadebusch Bondio, Mariacarla / Beate Kellner / Ulrich Pfisterer (Hrsg.), Macht der Natur – gemachte Natur. Realitäten und Fiktionen des Herrscherkörpers zwischen Mittelalter und Früher Neuzeit (Micrologus Library, 92), Florenz 2019, Sismel, VI u. 345 S. / Abb., € 82,00. (Nadine Amsler, Berlin) Classen, Albrecht (Hrsg.), Pleasure and Leisure in the Middle Ages and Early Modern Age. Cultural-Historical Perspectives on Toys, Games, and Entertainment (Fundamentals of Medieval and Early Modern Culture, 23), Berlin / Boston 2019, de Gruyter, XIII u. 751 S. / Abb., € 147,95. (Adrina Schulz, Zürich) Potter, Harry, Shades of the Prison House. A History of Incarceration in the British Isles, Woodbridge 2019, The Boydell Press, XIII u. 558 S. / Abb., £ 25,00. (Gerd Schwerhoff, Dresden) Müller, Matthias / Sascha Winter (Hrsg.), Die Stadt im Schatten des Hofes? Bürgerlich-kommunale Repräsentation in Residenzstädten des Spätmittelalters und der Frühen Neuzeit (Residenzenforschung. Neue Folge: Stadt und Hof, 6), Ostfildern 2020, Thorbecke, 335 S. / Abb., € 64,00. (Malte de Vries, Göttingen) De Munck, Bert, Guilds, Labour and the Urban Body Politic. Fabricating Community in the Southern Netherlands, 1300 – 1800 (Routledge Research in Early Modern History), New York / London 2018, Routledge, XIV u. 312 S. / Abb., £ 115,00. (Philip Hoffmann-Rehnitz, Münster) Sonderegger, Stefan / Helge Wittmann (Hrsg.), Reichsstadt und Landwirtschaft. 7. Tagung des Mühlhäuser Arbeitskreises für Reichsstadtgeschichte, Mühlhausen 4. bis 6. März 2019 (Studien zur Reichsstadtgeschichte, 7), Petersberg 2020, Imhof, 366 S. / Abb., € 29,95. (Malte de Vries, Göttingen) Israel, Uwe / Josef Matzerath, Geschichte der sächsischen Landtage (Studien und Schriften zur Geschichte der sächsischen Landtage, 5), Ostfildern 2019, Thorbecke, 346 S. / Abb., € 26,00. (Thomas Fuchs, Leipzig) Unverfehrt, Volker, Die sächsische Läuterung. Entstehung, Wandel und Werdegang bis ins 17. Jahrhundert (Studien zur europäischen Rechtsgeschichte, 317; Rechtsräume, 3), Frankfurt a. M. 2020, Klostermann, X u. 321 S., € 79,00. (Heiner Lück, Halle) Jones, Chris / Conor Kostick / Klaus Oschema (Hrsg.), Making the Medieval Relevant. How Medieval Studies Contribute to Improving Our Understanding of the Present (Das Mittelalter. Beihefte, 6), Berlin / Boston 2020, VI u. 297 S. / graph. Darst., € 89,95. (Gabriela Signori, Konstanz) Lackner, Christina / Daniel Luger (Hrsg.), Modus supplicandi. Zwischen herrschaftlicher Gnade und importunitas petentium (Veröffentlichungen des Instituts für Österreichische Geschichtsforschung, 72), Wien / Köln / Weimar 2019, Böhlau, 224 S. / Abb., € 40,00. (Jörg Voigt, Rom) Andermann, Kurt / Enno Bünz (Hrsg.), Kirchenvogtei und adlige Herrschaftsbildung im europäischen Mittelalter (Vorträge und Forschungen, 86), Ostfildern 2019, Thorbecke, 469 S., € 55,00. (Markus Müller, München) Deigendesch, Roland / Christian Jörg (Hrsg.), Städtebünde und städtische Außenpolitik. Träger, Instrumentarien und Konflikte während des hohen und späten Mittelalters. 55. Arbeitstagung in Reutlingen, 18.–20. November 2016 (Stadt in der Geschichte, 44), Ostfildern 2019, Thorbecke, 322 S. / Abb., € 34,00. (Evelien Timpener, Gießen) Müller, Monika E. / Jens Reiche, Zentrum oder Peripherie? Kulturtransfer in Hildesheim und im Raum Niedersachsen (12.–15. Jahrhundert) (Wolfenbütteler Mittelalter-Studien, 32), Wiesbaden 2017, Harrassowitz in Kommission, 544 S. / Abb., € 88,00. (Harald Wolter-von dem Knesebeck, Bonn) Hill, Derek, Inquisition in the Fourteenth Century. The Manuals of Bernard Gui and Nicholas Eymerich (Heresy and Inquisition in the Middle Ages, 7), Woodbridge 2019, York Medieval Press, X u. 251 S., £ 60,00. (Thomas Scharff, Braunschweig) Peltzer, Jörg, Fürst werden. Rangerhöhungen im 14. Jahrhundert – Das römisch-deutsche Reich und England im Vergleich (Historische Zeitschrift. Beihefte (Neue Folge), 75), Berlin / Boston 2019, de Gruyter Oldenbourg, 150 S. / Abb., € 64,95. (Kurt Andermann, Karlsruhe / Freiburg i. Br.) Wilhelm von Ockham, De iuribus Romani imperii / Das Recht von Kaiser und Reich. III.2 Dialogus. Lateinisch – Deutsch, 2 Bde., übers. und eingel. v. Jürgen Miethke (Herders Bibliothek der Philosophie des Mittelalters, 49), Freiburg i. Br. / Basel / Wien 2020, Herder, 829 S., € 54,00 bzw. € 58,00. (Christoph Mauntel, Tübingen) Dokumente zur Geschichte des Deutschen Reiches und seiner Verfassung 1360, bearb. v. Ulrike Hohensee / Mathias Lawo / Michael Lindner / Olaf B. Rader (Monumenta Germaniae Historica. Constitutiones et acta publica imperatorum et regum, 13.1), Wiesbaden 2016, Harrassowitz, L u. 414 S., € 120,00. (Martin Bauch, Leipzig) Dokumente zur Geschichte des Deutschen Reiches und seiner Verfassung 1361, bearb. v. Ulrike Hohensee / Mathias Lawo / Michael Lindner / Olaf B. Rader (Monumenta Germaniae Historica. Constitutiones et acta publica imperatorum et regum, 13.2), Wiesbaden 2017, Harrassowitz, VI u. 538 S. (S. 415 – 952), € 140,00. (Martin Bauch, Leipzig) Forcher, Michael / Christoph Haidacher (Hrsg.), Kaiser Maximilian I. Tirol. Österreich. Europa. 1459 – 1519, Innsbruck / Wien 2018, Haymon Verlag, 215 S. / Abb., € 34,90. (Jörg Schwarz, Innsbruck) Weiss, Sabine, Maximilian I. Habsburgs faszinierender Kaiser, Innsbruck / Wien 2018, Tyrolia-Verlag, 400 S. / Abb., € 39,95. (Jörg Schwarz, Innsbruck) Christ-von Wedel, Christine, Erasmus of Rotterdam. A Portrait, Basel 2020, Schwabe, 175 S. / Abb., € 36,00. (Jan-Hendryk de Boer, Essen) Schmidt, Bernward / Simon Falch (Hrsg.), Kilian Leib (1471 – 1553). Prediger – Humanist – Kontroverstheologe (Katholisches Leben und Kirchenreform im Zeitalter der Glaubensspaltung, 80), Münster 2020, Aschendorff, 187 S. / Abb., € 24,90. (Jan-Hendryk de Boer, Essen) Gehrt, Daniel / Kathrin Paasch (Hrsg.), Friedrich Myconius (1490 – 1546). Vom Franziskaner zum Reformator (Gothaer Forschungen zur Frühen Neuzeit, 15), Stuttgart 2020, Steiner, 392 S. / Abb., € 66,00. (Eike Wolgast, Heidelberg) Klarer, Mario (Hrsg.), Piracy and Captivity in the Mediterranean. 1550 – 1810 (Routledge Research in Early Modern History), London / New York 2019, Routledge, XIII u. 281 S. / Abb., £ 120,00. (Josef J. Schmid, Mainz / Manubach) Fischer-Kattner, Anke / Jamel Ostwald (Hrsg.), The World of the Siege. Representations of Early Modern Positional Warfare (History of Warfare, 126), Leiden / Boston 2019, Brill, IX u. 316 S. / Abb., € 105,00. (Marian Füssel, Göttingen) Dörfler-Dierken, Angelika (Hrsg.), Reformation und Militär. Wege und Irrwege in fünf Jahrhunderten, Göttingen 2019, Vandenhoeck &amp; Ruprecht, 320 S. / Abb., € 35,00. (Marianne Taatz-Jacobi, Halle) Schönauer, Tobias / Daniel Hohrath (Hrsg.), Formen des Krieges. 1600 – 1815 (Kataloge des Bayerischen Armeemuseums, 19), Ingolstadt 2019, Bayerisches Armeemuseum, 248 S. / Abb., € 15,00. (Thomas Weißbrich, Berlin) Goetze, Dorothée / Lena Oetzel (Hrsg.), Warum Friedenschließen so schwer ist. Frühneuzeitliche Friedensfindung am Beispiel des Westfälischen Friedenskongresses (Schriftenreihe zur Neueren Geschichte, 39; Schriftenreihe zur Neueren Geschichte. Neue Folge, 2), Münster 2019, Aschendorff, IX u. 457 S. / Abb., € 62,00. (Benjamin Durst, Augsburg) Rohrschneider, Michael (Hrsg.), Frühneuzeitliche Friedensstiftung in landesgeschichtlicher Perspektive. Unter redaktioneller Mitarbeit v. Leonard Dorn (Rheinisches Archiv, 160), Wien / Köln / Weimar 2020, Böhlau, 327 S. / Abb., € 45,00. (Benjamin Durst, Augsburg) Richter, Susan (Hrsg.), Entsagte Herrschaft. Mediale Inszenierungen fürstlicher Abdankungen im Europa der Frühneuzeit, Wien / Köln / Weimar 2019, Böhlau, 223 S. / Abb., € 45,00. (Andreas Pečar, Halle) Astorri, Paolo, Lutheran Theology and Contract Law in Early Modern Germany (ca. 1520 – 1720) (Law and Religion in the Early Modern Period / Recht und Religion in der Frühen Neuzeit, 1), Paderborn 2019, Schöningh, XX u. 657 S., € 128,00. (Cornel Zwierlein, Berlin) Prosperi, Adriano, Justice Blindfolded. The Historical Course of an Image (Catholic Christendom, 1300 – 1700), übers. v. John Tedeschi / Anne C. Tedeschi, Leiden / Boston 2018, Brill, XXIV u. 260 S., € 105,00. (Mathias Schmoeckel, Bonn) Ceglia, Francesco Paolo de (Hrsg.), The Body of Evidence. Corpses and Proofs in Early Modern European Medicine (Medieval and Early Modern Philosophy and Science, 30), Leiden / Boston 2020, Brill, X u. 355 S., € 154,00. (Robert Jütte, Stuttgart) Río Parra, Elena del, Exceptional Crime in Early Modern Spain. Taxonomic and Intellectual Perspectives (The Medieval and Early Modern Iberian World, 68), Leiden / Boston 2019, Brill, XI u. 218 S. / Abb., € 95,00. (Ralf-Peter Fuchs, Essen) Moreno, Doris (Hrsg.), The Complexity of Hispanic Religious Life in the 16th–18th Centuries (The Iberian Religious World, 6), Leiden / Boston 2020, Brill, 225 S. / Abb., € 165,00. (Joël Graf, Bern) Kaplan, Benjamin J., Reformation and the Practice of Toleration. Dutch Religious History in the Early Modern Era (St Andrews Studies in Reformation History), Leiden / Boston 2019, Brill, IX u. 371 S. / Abb., € 128,00. (Olaf Mörke, Kiel) Cecere, Domenico / Chiara De Caprio / Lorenza Gianfrancesco / Pasquale Palmieri (Hrsg.), Disaster Narratives in Early Modern Naples. Politics, Communication and Culture, Rom 2018, Viella, 257 S. / Abb., € 45,00. (Cornel Zwierlein, Berlin) Prak, Maarten / Patrick Wallis (Hrsg.), Apprenticeship in Early Modern Europe, Cambridge [u. a.] 2020, Cambridge University Press, XII u. 322 S. / Abb., £ 75,00. (Patrick Schmidt, Rostock) Bracht, Johannes / Ulrich Pfister, Landpacht, Marktgesellschaft und agrarische Entwicklung. Fünf Adelsgüter zwischen Rhein und Weser, 16. bis 19. Jahrhundert (Vierteljahrschrift für Sozial- und Wirtschaftsgeschichte. Beihefte, 247), Stuttgart 2020, Steiner, 364 S. / Abb., € 59,00. (Nicolas Rügge, Hannover) Kenny, Neil, Born to Write. Literary Families and Social History in Early Modern France, Oxford / New York 2020, Oxford University Press, XII u. 407 S. / Abb., £ 65,00. (Markus Friedrich, Hamburg) Capp, Bernard, The Ties That Bind. Siblings, Family, and Society in Early Modern England, Oxford / New York 2018, Oxford University Press, 222 S., £ 60,00. (Margareth Lanzinger, Wien) Huber, Vitus, Die Konquistadoren. Cortés, Pizarro und die Eroberung Amerikas (C. H. Beck Wissen, 2890), München 2019, Beck, 128 S. / Abb., € 9,95. (Horst Pietschmann, Hamburg) Stolberg, Michael, Gelehrte Medizin und ärztlicher Alltag in der Renaissance, Berlin / Boston 2021, de Gruyter Oldenbourg, VIII u. 580 S. / Abb., € 89,95. (Robert Jütte, Stuttgart) Lüneburg, Marie von, Tyrannei und Teufel. Die Wahrnehmung der Inquisition in deutschsprachigen Druckmedien im 16. Jahrhundert, Wien / Köln / Weimar 2020, Böhlau, 234 S. / Abb., € 45,00. (Wolfgang Reinhard, Freiburg i. Br.) Krey, Alexander, Wirtschaftstätigkeit, Verwaltung und Lebensverhältnisse des Mainzer Domkapitels im 16. Jahrhundert. Eine Untersuchung zu Wirtschaftsstil und Wirtschaftskultur einer geistlichen Gemeinschaft (Schriften zur Sozial- und Wirtschaftsgeschichte, 35), Hamburg 2020, Dr. Kovaç, 530 S. / graph. Darst., € 139,80. (Maria Weber, München) Fuchs, Gero, Gewinn als Umbruch der Ordnung? Der Fall des Siegburger Töpfers Peter Knütgen im 16. Jahrhundert (Rechtsordnung und Wirtschaftsgeschichte, 19), Tübingen 2019, Mohr Siebeck, XIII u. 195 S. / Abb., € 59,00. (Anke Sczesny, Augsburg) Lotito, Mark A., The Reformation of Historical Thought (St Andrews Studies in Reformation History), Leiden / Boston 2019, Brill, XX u. 542 S. / Abb., € 160,00. (Andreas Bihrer, Kiel) Georg III. von Anhalt, Abendmahlsschriften, hrsg. v. Tobias Jammerthal / David B. Janssen (Anhalt‍[er]‌kenntnisse), Leipzig 2019, Evangelische Verlagsanstalt, 440 S., € 48,00. (Eike Wolgast, Heidelberg) Bauer, Stefan, The Invention of Papal History. Onofrio Panvinio between Renaissance and Catholic Reform (Oxford-Warburg Studies), Oxford 2020, Oxford University Press, VIII u. 262 S. / Abb., £ 70,00. (Marco Cavarzere, Venedig) Murphy, Neil, The Tudor Occupation of Boulogne. Conquest, Colonisation and Imperial Monarchy, 1544 – 1550, Cambridge [u. a.] 2019, Cambridge University Press, XVIII u. 296 S. / Abb., £ 75,00. (Martin Foerster, Hamburg) Mills, Simon, A Commerce of Knowledge. Trade, Religion, and Scholarship between England and the Ottoman Empire, c. 1600 – 1760, Oxford 2020, Oxford University Press, XII u. 332 S. / Abb., £ 65,00. (Stefano Saracino, Jena / München) Karner, Herbert / Elisabeth Loinig / Martin Scheutz (Hrsg.), Die Jesuiten in Krems – die Ankunft eines neuen Ordens in einer protestantischen Stadt im Jahr 1616. Die Vorträge der Tagung des Instituts für kunst- und musikhistorische Forschungen der Österreichischen Akademie der Wissenschaften, des Niederösterreichischen Instituts für Landeskunde und des Instituts für Österreichische Geschichtsforschung der Universität Wien, Krems, 28. bis 29. Oktober 2016 (Studien und Forschungen aus dem Niederösterreichischen Institut für Landeskunde, 71), St. Pölten 2018, Verlag Niederösterreichisches Institut für Landeskunde, 432 S. / Abb., € 25,00. (Markus Friedrich, Hamburg) Die „litterae annuae“ der Gesellschaft Jesu von Otterndorf (1713 bis 1730) und von Stade (1629 bis 1631), hrsg. v. Christoph Flucke / Martin J. Schröter, Münster 2020, Aschendorff, 154 S. / Abb., € 24,90. (Markus Friedrich, Hamburg) Como, David R., Radical Parliamentarians and the English Civil War, Oxford 2018, Oxford University Press, XV u. 457 S. / Abb., £ 85,00. (Torsten Riotte, Frankfurt a. M.) Corens, Liesbeth, Confessional Mobility and English Catholics in Counter-Reformation Europe, Oxford / New York 2019, Oxford University Press, XII u. 240 S. / Abb., £ 60,00. (Ulrich Niggemann, Augsburg) Asche, Matthias / Marco Kollenberg / Antje Zeiger (Hrsg.), Halb Europa in Brandenburg. Der Dreißigjährige Krieg und seine Folgen, Berlin 2020, Lukas, 244 S. / Abb., € 20,00. (Michael Rohrschneider, Bonn) Fiedler, Beate-Christine / Christine van den Heuvel (Hrsg.), Friedensordnung und machtpolitische Rivalitäten. Die schwedischen Besitzungen in Niedersachsen im europäischen Kontext zwischen 1648 und 1721 (Veröffentlichungen des Niedersächsischen Landesarchivs, 3), Göttingen 2019, Wallstein, 375 S. / Abb., € 29,90. (Niels Petersen, Göttingen) Prokosch, Michael, Das älteste Bürgerbuch der Stadt Linz (1658 – 1707). Edition und Auswertung (Quelleneditionen des Instituts für Österreichische Geschichtsforschung, 18), Wien / Köln / Weimar 2019, Böhlau, 308 S. / Abb., € 50,00. (Beate Kusche, Leipzig) Häberlein, Mark / Helmut Glück (Hrsg.), Matthias Kramer. Ein Nürnberger Sprachmeister der Barockzeit mit gesamteuropäischer Wirkung (Schriften der Matthias-Kramer-Gesellschaft zur Erforschung der Geschichte des Fremdsprachenerwerbs und der Mehrsprachigkeit, 3), Bamberg 2019, University of Bamberg Press, 221 S. / Abb., € 22,00. (Helga Meise, Reims) Herz, Silke, Königin Christiane Eberhardine – Pracht im Dienste der Staatsraison. Kunst, Raum und Zeremoniell am Hof der Frau Augusts des Starken (Schriften zur Residenzkultur 12), Berlin 2020, Lukas Verlag, 669 S. / Abb., € 70,00. (Katrin Keller, Wien) Schaad, Martin, Der Hochverrat des Amtmanns Povel Juel. Ein mikrohistorischer Streifzug durch Europas Norden der Frühen Neuzeit (Histoire, 176), Bielefeld 2020, transcript, 249 S., € 39,00. (Olaf Mörke, Kiel) Overhoff, Jürgen, Johann Bernhard Basedow (1724 – 1790). Aufklärer, Pädagoge, Menschenfreund. Eine Biografie (Hamburgische Lebensbilder, 25), Göttingen 2020, Wallstein, 200 S. / Abb., € 16,00. (Mark-Georg Dehrmann, Berlin) Augustynowicz, Christoph / Johannes Frimmel (Hrsg.), Der Buchdrucker Maria Theresias. Johann Thomas Trattner (1719 – 1798) und sein Medienimperium (Buchforschung, 10), Wiesbaden 2019, Harrassowitz, 173 S. / Abb., € 54,00. (Mona Garloff, Innsbruck) Beckus, Paul, Land ohne Herr – Fürst ohne Hof? Friedrich August von Anhalt-Zerbst und sein Fürstentum (Quellen und Forschungen zur Geschichte Sachsen-Anhalts, 15), Halle 2018, Mitteldeutscher Verlag, 604 S. / Abb., € 54,00. (Michael Hecht, Halle) Whatmore, Richard, Terrorists, Anarchists and Republicans. The Genevans and the Irish in Time of Revolution, Princeton / Oxford, Princeton University Press 2019, XXIX u. 478 S. / Abb., £ 34,00. (Ronald G. Asch, Freiburg i. Br.) Elster, Jon, France before 1789. The Unraveling of an Absolutist Regime, Princeton / Oxford 2020, Princeton University Press, XI u. 263 S. / graph. Darst., £ 34,00. (Lars Behrisch, Utrecht) Hellmann, Johanna, Marie Antoinette in Versailles. Politik, Patronage und Projektionen, Münster 2020, Aschendorff, X u. 402 S. / Abb., € 57,00. (Pauline Puppel, Berlin) Müchler, Günter, Napoleon. Revolutionär auf dem Kaiserthron, Darmstadt 2019, wbg Theiss, 622 S. / Abb., € 24,00. (Hans-Ulrich Thamer, Münster) Prietzel, Sven, Friedensvollziehung und Souveränitätswahrung. Preußen und die Folgen des Tilsiter Friedens 1807 – 1810 (Quellen und Forschungen zur Brandenburgischen und Preußischen Geschichte, 53), Berlin 2020, Duncker &amp; Humblot, 408 S., € 99,90. (Nadja Ackermann, Bern) Christoph, Andreas (Hrsg.), Kartieren um 1800 (Laboratorium Aufklärung, 19), Paderborn 2019, Fink, 191 S. / Abb., € 69,00. (Michael Busch, Rostock / Schwerin)

IntroductionIn the year 2000, a group of likeminded individuals got together and convened the first annual World Barista Championship in Monte Carlo. With twelve competitors from around the globe, each competitor was judged by seven judges: one head judge who oversaw the process, two technical judges who assessed technical skills, and four sensory judges who evaluated the taste and appearance of the espresso drinks. Competitors had fifteen minutes to serve four espresso coffees, four cappuccino coffees, and four “signature” drinks that they had devised using one shot of espresso and other ingredients of their choice, but no alcohol. The competitors were also assessed on their overall barista skills, their creativity, and their ability to perform under pressure and impress the judges with their knowledge of coffee. This competition has grown to the extent that eleven years later, in 2011, 54 countries held national barista championships with the winner from each country competing for the highly coveted position of World Barista Champion. That year, Alejandro Mendez from El Salvador became the first world champion from a coffee producing nation. Champion baristas are more likely to come from coffee consuming countries than they are from coffee producing countries as countries that produce coffee seldom have a culture of espresso coffee consumption. While Ireland is not a coffee-producing nation, the Irish are the highest per capita consumers of tea in the world (Mac Con Iomaire, “Ireland”). Despite this, in 2008, Stephen Morrissey from Ireland overcame 50 other national champions to become the 2008 World Barista Champion (see, http://vimeo.com/2254130). Another Irish national champion, Colin Harmon, came fourth in this competition in both 2009 and 2010. This paper discusses the history and development of coffee and coffee houses in Dublin from the 17th century, charting how coffee culture in Dublin appeared, evolved, and stagnated before re-emerging at the beginning of the 21st century, with a remarkable win in the World Barista Championships. The historical links between coffeehouses and media—ranging from print media to electronic and social media—are discussed. In this, the coffee house acts as an informal public gathering space, what urban sociologist Ray Oldenburg calls a “third place,” neither work nor home. These “third places” provide anchors for community life and facilitate and foster broader, more creative interaction (Oldenburg). This paper will also show how competition from other “third places” such as clubs, hotels, restaurants, and bars have affected the vibrancy of coffee houses. Early Coffee Houses The first coffee house was established in Constantinople in 1554 (Tannahill 252; Huetz de Lemps 387). The first English coffee houses opened in Oxford in 1650 and in London in 1652. Coffee houses multiplied thereafter but, in 1676, when some London coffee houses became hotbeds for political protest, the city prosecutor decided to close them. The ban was soon lifted and between 1680 and 1730 Londoners discovered the pleasure of drinking coffee (Huetz de Lemps 388), although these coffee houses sold a number of hot drinks including tea and chocolate as well as coffee.The first French coffee houses opened in Marseille in 1671 and in Paris the following year. Coffee houses proliferated during the 18th century: by 1720 there were 380 public cafés in Paris and by the end of the century there were 600 (Huetz de Lemps 387). Café Procope opened in Paris in 1674 and, in the 18th century, became a literary salon with regular patrons: Voltaire, Rousseau, Diderot and Condorcet (Huetz de Lemps 387; Pitte 472). In England, coffee houses developed into exclusive clubs such as Crockford’s and the Reform, whilst elsewhere in Europe they evolved into what we identify as cafés, similar to the tea shops that would open in England in the late 19th century (Tannahill 252-53). Tea quickly displaced coffee in popularity in British coffee houses (Taylor 142). Pettigrew suggests two reasons why Great Britain became a tea-drinking nation while most of the rest of Europe took to coffee (48). The first was the power of the East India Company, chartered by Elizabeth I in 1600, which controlled the world’s biggest tea monopoly and promoted the beverage enthusiastically. The second was the difficulty England had in securing coffee from the Levant while at war with France at the end of the seventeenth century and again during the War of the Spanish Succession (1702-13). Tea also became the dominant beverage in Ireland and over a period of time became the staple beverage of the whole country. In 1835, Samuel Bewley and his son Charles dared to break the monopoly of The East India Company by importing over 2,000 chests of tea directly from Canton, China, to Ireland. His family would later become synonymous with the importation of coffee and with opening cafés in Ireland (see, Farmar for full history of the Bewley's and their activities). Ireland remains the highest per-capita consumer of tea in the world. Coffee houses have long been linked with social and political change (Kennedy, Politicks; Pincus). The notion that these new non-alcoholic drinks were responsible for the Enlightenment because people could now gather socially without getting drunk is rejected by Wheaton as frivolous, since there had always been alternatives to strong drink, and European civilisation had achieved much in the previous centuries (91). She comments additionally that cafés, as gathering places for dissenters, took over the role that taverns had long played. Pennell and Vickery support this argument adding that by offering a choice of drinks, and often sweets, at a fixed price and in a more civilized setting than most taverns provided, coffee houses and cafés were part of the rise of the modern restaurant. It is believed that, by 1700, the commercial provision of food and drink constituted the second largest occupational sector in London. Travellers’ accounts are full of descriptions of London taverns, pie shops, coffee, bun and chop houses, breakfast huts, and food hawkers (Pennell; Vickery). Dublin Coffee Houses and Later incarnations The earliest reference to coffee houses in Dublin is to the Cock Coffee House in Cook Street during the reign of Charles II (1660-85). Public dining or drinking establishments listed in the 1738 Dublin Directory include taverns, eating houses, chop houses, coffee houses, and one chocolate house in Fownes Court run by Peter Bardin (Hardiman and Kennedy 157). During the second half of the 17th century, Dublin’s merchant classes transferred allegiance from taverns to the newly fashionable coffee houses as places to conduct business. By 1698, the fashion had spread to country towns with coffee houses found in Cork, Limerick, Kilkenny, Clonmel, Wexford, and Galway, and slightly later in Belfast and Waterford in the 18th century. Maxwell lists some of Dublin’s leading coffee houses and taverns, noting their clientele: There were Lucas’s Coffee House, on Cork Hill (the scene of many duels), frequented by fashionable young men; the Phoenix, in Werburgh Street, where political dinners were held; Dick’s Coffee House, in Skinner’s Row, much patronized by literary men, for it was over a bookseller’s; the Eagle, in Eustace Street, where meetings of the Volunteers were held; the Old Sot’s Hole, near Essex Bridge, famous for its beefsteaks and ale; the Eagle Tavern, on Cork Hill, which was demolished at the same time as Lucas’s to make room for the Royal Exchange; and many others. (76) Many of the early taverns were situated around the Winetavern Street, Cook Street, and Fishamble Street area. (see Fig. 1) Taverns, and later coffee houses, became meeting places for gentlemen and centres for debate and the exchange of ideas. In 1706, Francis Dickson published the Flying Post newspaper at the Four Courts coffee house in Winetavern Street. The Bear Tavern (1725) and the Black Lyon (1735), where a Masonic Lodge assembled every Wednesday, were also located on this street (Gilbert v.1 160). Dick’s Coffee house was established in the late 17th century by bookseller and newspaper proprietor Richard Pue, and remained open until 1780 when the building was demolished. In 1740, Dick’s customers were described thus: Ye citizens, gentlemen, lawyers and squires,who summer and winter surround our great fires,ye quidnuncs! who frequently come into Pue’s,To live upon politicks, coffee, and news. (Gilbert v.1 174) There has long been an association between coffeehouses and publishing books, pamphlets and particularly newspapers. Other Dublin publishers and newspapermen who owned coffee houses included Richard Norris and Thomas Bacon. Until the 1850s, newspapers were burdened with a number of taxes: on the newsprint, a stamp duty, and on each advertisement. By 1865, these taxes had virtually disappeared, resulting in the appearance of 30 new newspapers in Ireland, 24 of them in Dublin. Most people read from copies which were available free of charge in taverns, clubs, and coffee houses (MacGiolla Phadraig). Coffee houses also kept copies of international newspapers. On 4 May 1706, Francis Dickson notes in the Dublin Intelligence that he held the Paris and London Gazettes, Leyden Gazette and Slip, the Paris and Hague Lettres à la Main, Daily Courant, Post-man, Flying Post, Post-script and Manuscripts in his coffeehouse in Winetavern Street (Kennedy, “Dublin”). Henry Berry’s analysis of shop signs in Dublin identifies 24 different coffee houses in Dublin, with the main clusters in Essex Street near the Custom’s House (Cocoa Tree, Bacon’s, Dempster’s, Dublin, Merchant’s, Norris’s, and Walsh’s) Cork Hill (Lucas’s, St Lawrence’s, and Solyman’s) Skinners’ Row (Bow’s’, Darby’s, and Dick’s) Christ Church Yard (Four Courts, and London) College Green (Jack’s, and Parliament) and Crampton Court (Exchange, and Little Dublin). (see Figure 1, below, for these clusters and the locations of other Dublin coffee houses.) The earliest to be referenced is the Cock Coffee House in Cook Street during the reign of Charles II (1660-85), with Solyman’s (1691), Bow’s (1692), and Patt’s on High Street (1699), all mentioned in print before the 18th century. The name of one, the Cocoa Tree, suggests that chocolate was also served in this coffee house. More evidence of the variety of beverages sold in coffee houses comes from Gilbert who notes that in 1730, one Dublin poet wrote of George Carterwright’s wife at The Custom House Coffee House on Essex Street: Her coffee’s fresh and fresh her tea,Sweet her cream, ptizan, and whea,her drams, of ev’ry sort, we findboth good and pleasant, in their kind. (v. 2 161) Figure 1: Map of Dublin indicating Coffee House clusters 1 = Sackville St.; 2 = Winetavern St.; 3 = Essex St.; 4 = Cork Hill; 5 = Skinner's Row; 6 = College Green.; 7 = Christ Church Yard; 8 = Crampton Court.; 9 = Cook St.; 10 = High St.; 11 = Eustace St.; 12 = Werburgh St.; 13 = Fishamble St.; 14 = Westmorland St.; 15 = South Great George's St.; 16 = Grafton St.; 17 = Kildare St.; 18 = Dame St.; 19 = Anglesea Row; 20 = Foster Place; 21 = Poolbeg St.; 22 = Fleet St.; 23 = Burgh Quay.A = Cafe de Paris, Lincoln Place; B = Red Bank Restaurant, D'Olier St.; C = Morrison's Hotel, Nassau St.; D = Shelbourne Hotel, St. Stephen's Green; E = Jury's Hotel, Dame St. Some coffee houses transformed into the gentlemen’s clubs that appeared in London, Paris and Dublin in the 17th century. These clubs originally met in coffee houses, then taverns, until later proprietary clubs became fashionable. Dublin anticipated London in club fashions with members of the Kildare Street Club (1782) and the Sackville Street Club (1794) owning the premises of their clubhouse, thus dispensing with the proprietor. The first London club to be owned by the members seems to be Arthur’s, founded in 1811 (McDowell 4) and this practice became widespread throughout the 19th century in both London and Dublin. The origin of one of Dublin’s most famous clubs, Daly’s Club, was a chocolate house opened by Patrick Daly in c.1762–65 in premises at 2–3 Dame Street (Brooke). It prospered sufficiently to commission its own granite-faced building on College Green between Anglesea Street and Foster Place which opened in 1789 (Liddy 51). Daly’s Club, “where half the land of Ireland has changed hands”, was renowned for the gambling that took place there (Montgomery 39). Daly’s sumptuous palace catered very well (and discreetly) for honourable Members of Parliament and rich “bucks” alike (Craig 222). The changing political and social landscape following the Act of Union led to Daly’s slow demise and its eventual closure in 1823 (Liddy 51). Coincidentally, the first Starbucks in Ireland opened in 2005 in the same location. Once gentlemen’s clubs had designated buildings where members could eat, drink, socialise, and stay overnight, taverns and coffee houses faced competition from the best Dublin hotels which also had coffee rooms “in which gentlemen could read papers, write letters, take coffee and wine in the evening—an exiguous substitute for a club” (McDowell 17). There were at least 15 establishments in Dublin city claiming to be hotels by 1789 (Corr 1) and their numbers grew in the 19th century, an expansion which was particularly influenced by the growth of railways. By 1790, Dublin’s public houses (“pubs”) outnumbered its coffee houses with Dublin boasting 1,300 (Rooney 132). Names like the Goose and Gridiron, Harp and Crown, Horseshoe and Magpie, and Hen and Chickens—fashionable during the 17th and 18th centuries in Ireland—hung on decorative signs for those who could not read. Throughout the 20th century, the public house provided the dominant “third place” in Irish society, and the drink of choice for itd predominantly male customers was a frothy pint of Guinness. Newspapers were available in public houses and many newspapermen had their own favourite hostelries such as Mulligan’s of Poolbeg Street; The Pearl, and The Palace on Fleet Street; and The White Horse Inn on Burgh Quay. Any coffee served in these establishments prior to the arrival of the new coffee culture in the 21st century was, however, of the powdered instant variety. Hotels / Restaurants with Coffee Rooms From the mid-19th century, the public dining landscape of Dublin changed in line with London and other large cities in the United Kingdom. Restaurants did appear gradually in the United Kingdom and research suggests that one possible reason for this growth from the 1860s onwards was the Refreshment Houses and Wine Licences Act (1860). The object of this act was to “reunite the business of eating and drinking”, thereby encouraging public sobriety (Mac Con Iomaire, “Emergence” v.2 95). Advertisements for Dublin restaurants appeared in The Irish Times from the 1860s. Thom’s Directory includes listings for Dining Rooms from the 1870s and Refreshment Rooms are listed from the 1880s. This pattern continued until 1909, when Thom’s Directory first includes a listing for “Restaurants and Tea Rooms”. Some of the establishments that advertised separate coffee rooms include Dublin’s first French restaurant, the Café de Paris, The Red Bank Restaurant, Morrison’s Hotel, Shelbourne Hotel, and Jury’s Hotel (see Fig. 1). The pattern of separate ladies’ coffee rooms emerged in Dublin and London during the latter half of the 19th century and mixed sex dining only became popular around the last decade of the 19th century, partly infuenced by Cesar Ritz and Auguste Escoffier (Mac Con Iomaire, “Public Dining”). Irish Cafés: From Bewley’s to Starbucks A number of cafés appeared at the beginning of the 20th century, most notably Robert Roberts and Bewley’s, both of which were owned by Quaker families. Ernest Bewley took over the running of the Bewley’s importation business in the 1890s and opened a number of Oriental Cafés; South Great Georges Street (1894), Westmoreland Street (1896), and what became the landmark Bewley’s Oriental Café in Grafton Street (1927). Drawing influence from the grand cafés of Paris and Vienna, oriental tearooms, and Egyptian architecture (inspired by the discovery in 1922 of Tutankhamen’s Tomb), the Grafton Street business brought a touch of the exotic into the newly formed Irish Free State. Bewley’s cafés became the haunt of many of Ireland’s leading literary figures, including Samuel Becket, Sean O’Casey, and James Joyce who mentioned the café in his book, Dubliners. A full history of Bewley’s is available (Farmar). It is important to note, however, that pots of tea were sold in equal measure to mugs of coffee in Bewley’s. The cafés changed over time from waitress- to self-service and a failure to adapt to changing fashions led to the business being sold, with only the flagship café in Grafton Street remaining open in a revised capacity. It was not until the beginning of the 21st century that a new wave of coffee house culture swept Ireland. This was based around speciality coffee beverages such as espressos, cappuccinos, lattés, macchiatos, and frappuccinnos. This new phenomenon coincided with the unprecedented growth in the Irish economy, during which Ireland became known as the “Celtic Tiger” (Murphy 3). One aspect of this period was a building boom and a subsequent growth in apartment living in the Dublin city centre. The American sitcom Friends and its fictional coffee house, “Central Perk,” may also have helped popularise the use of coffee houses as “third spaces” (Oldenberg) among young apartment dwellers in Dublin. This was also the era of the “dotcom boom” when many young entrepreneurs, software designers, webmasters, and stock market investors were using coffee houses as meeting places for business and also as ad hoc office spaces. This trend is very similar to the situation in the 17th and early 18th centuries where coffeehouses became known as sites for business dealings. Various theories explaining the growth of the new café culture have circulated, with reasons ranging from a growth in Eastern European migrants, anti-smoking legislation, returning sophisticated Irish emigrants, and increased affluence (Fenton). Dublin pubs, facing competition from the new coffee culture, began installing espresso coffee machines made by companies such as Gaggia to attract customers more interested in a good latté than a lager and it is within this context that Irish baristas gained such success in the World Barista competition. In 2001 the Georges Street branch of Bewley’s was taken over by a chain called Café, Bar, Deli specialising in serving good food at reasonable prices. Many ex-Bewley’s staff members subsequently opened their own businesses, roasting coffee and running cafés. Irish-owned coffee chains such as Java Republic, Insomnia, and O’Brien’s Sandwich Bars continued to thrive despite the competition from coffee chains Starbucks and Costa Café. Indeed, so successful was the handmade Irish sandwich and coffee business that, before the economic downturn affected its business, Irish franchise O’Brien’s operated in over 18 countries. The Café, Bar, Deli group had also begun to franchise its operations in 2008 when it too became a victim of the global economic downturn. With the growth of the Internet, many newspapers have experienced falling sales of their printed format and rising uptake of their electronic versions. Most Dublin coffee houses today provide wireless Internet connections so their customers can read not only the local newspapers online, but also others from all over the globe, similar to Francis Dickenson’s coffee house in Winetavern Street in the early 18th century. Dublin has become Europe’s Silicon Valley, housing the European headquarters for companies such as Google, Yahoo, Ebay, Paypal, and Facebook. There are currently plans to provide free wireless connectivity throughout Dublin’s city centre in order to promote e-commerce, however, some coffee houses shut off the wireless Internet in their establishments at certain times of the week in order to promote more social interaction to ensure that these “third places” remain “great good places” at the heart of the community (Oldenburg). Conclusion Ireland is not a country that is normally associated with a coffee culture but coffee houses have been part of the fabric of that country since they emerged in Dublin in the 17th century. These Dublin coffee houses prospered in the 18th century, and survived strong competition from clubs and hotels in the 19th century, and from restaurant and public houses into the 20th century. In 2008, when Stephen Morrissey won the coveted title of World Barista Champion, Ireland’s place as a coffee consuming country was re-established. The first decade of the 21st century witnessed a birth of a new espresso coffee culture, which shows no signs of weakening despite Ireland’s economic travails. References Berry, Henry F. “House and Shop Signs in Dublin in the Seventeenth and Eighteenth Centuries.” The Journal of the Royal Society of Antiquaries of Ireland 40.2 (1910): 81–98. Brooke, Raymond Frederick. Daly’s Club and the Kildare Street Club, Dublin. Dublin, 1930. Corr, Frank. Hotels in Ireland. Dublin: Jemma Publications, 1987. Craig, Maurice. Dublin 1660-1860. Dublin: Allen Figgis, 1980. Farmar, Tony. The Legendary, Lofty, Clattering Café. Dublin: A&A Farmar, 1988. Fenton, Ben. “Cafe Culture taking over in Dublin.” The Telegraph 2 Oct. 2006. 29 Apr. 2012 ‹http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/uknews/1530308/cafe-culture-taking-over-in-Dublin.html›. Gilbert, John T. A History of the City of Dublin (3 vols.). Dublin: Gill and Macmillan, 1978. Girouard, Mark. Victorian Pubs. New Haven, Conn.: Yale UP, 1984. Hardiman, Nodlaig P., and Máire Kennedy. A Directory of Dublin for the Year 1738 Compiled from the Most Authentic of Sources. Dublin: Dublin Corporation Public Libraries, 2000. Huetz de Lemps, Alain. “Colonial Beverages and Consumption of Sugar.” Food: A Culinary History from Antiquity to the Present. Eds. Jean-Louis Flandrin and Massimo Montanari. New York: Columbia UP, 1999. 383–93. Kennedy, Máire. “Dublin Coffee Houses.” Ask About Ireland, 2011. 4 Apr. 2012 ‹http://www.askaboutireland.ie/reading-room/history-heritage/pages-in-history/dublin-coffee-houses›. ----- “‘Politicks, Coffee and News’: The Dublin Book Trade in the Eighteenth Century.” Dublin Historical Record LVIII.1 (2005): 76–85. Liddy, Pat. Temple Bar—Dublin: An Illustrated History. Dublin: Temple Bar Properties, 1992. Mac Con Iomaire, Máirtín. “The Emergence, Development, and Influence of French Haute Cuisine on Public Dining in Dublin Restaurants 1900-2000: An Oral History.” Ph.D. thesis, Dublin Institute of Technology, Dublin, 2009. 4 Apr. 2012 ‹http://arrow.dit.ie/tourdoc/12›. ----- “Ireland.” Food Cultures of the World Encylopedia. Ed. Ken Albala. Westport, CT: Greenwood Press, 2010. ----- “Public Dining in Dublin: The History and Evolution of Gastronomy and Commercial Dining 1700-1900.” International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management 24. Special Issue: The History of the Commercial Hospitality Industry from Classical Antiquity to the 19th Century (2012): forthcoming. MacGiolla Phadraig, Brian. “Dublin: One Hundred Years Ago.” Dublin Historical Record 23.2/3 (1969): 56–71. Maxwell, Constantia. Dublin under the Georges 1714–1830. Dublin: Gill & Macmillan, 1979. McDowell, R. B. Land & Learning: Two Irish Clubs. Dublin: The Lilliput P, 1993. Montgomery, K. L. “Old Dublin Clubs and Coffee-Houses.” New Ireland Review VI (1896): 39–44. Murphy, Antoine E. “The ‘Celtic Tiger’—An Analysis of Ireland’s Economic Growth Performance.” EUI Working Papers, 2000 29 Apr. 2012 ‹http://www.eui.eu/RSCAS/WP-Texts/00_16.pdf›. Oldenburg, Ray, ed. Celebrating the Third Place: Inspiring Stories About The “Great Good Places” At the Heart of Our Communities. New York: Marlowe & Company 2001. Pennell, Sarah. “‘Great Quantities of Gooseberry Pye and Baked Clod of Beef’: Victualling and Eating out in Early Modern London.” Londinopolis: Essays in the Cultural and Social History of Early Modern London. Eds. Paul Griffiths and Mark S. R. Jenner. Manchester: Manchester UP, 2000. 228–59. Pettigrew, Jane. A Social History of Tea. London: National Trust Enterprises, 2001. Pincus, Steve. “‘Coffee Politicians Does Create’: Coffeehouses and Restoration Political Culture.” The Journal of Modern History 67.4 (1995): 807–34. Pitte, Jean-Robert. “The Rise of the Restaurant.” Food: A Culinary History from Antiquity to the Present. Eds. Jean-Louis Flandrin and Massimo Montanari. New York: Columbia UP, 1999. 471–80. Rooney, Brendan, ed. A Time and a Place: Two Centuries of Irish Social Life. Dublin: National Gallery of Ireland, 2006. Tannahill, Reay. Food in History. St Albans, Herts.: Paladin, 1975. Taylor, Laurence. “Coffee: The Bottomless Cup.” The American Dimension: Cultural Myths and Social Realities. Eds. W. Arens and Susan P. Montague. Port Washington, N.Y.: Alfred Publishing, 1976. 14–48. Vickery, Amanda. Behind Closed Doors: At Home in Georgian England. New Haven: Yale UP, 2009. Wheaton, Barbara Ketcham. Savouring the Past: The French Kitchen and Table from 1300-1789. London: Chatto & Windus, Hogarth P, 1983. Williams, Anne. “Historical Attitudes to Women Eating in Restaurants.” Public Eating: Proceedings of the Oxford Symposium on Food and Cookery 1991. Ed. Harlan Walker. Totnes: Prospect Books, 1992. 311–14. World Barista, Championship. “History–World Barista Championship”. 2012. 02 Apr. 2012 ‹http://worldbaristachampionship.com2012›.AcknowledgementA warm thank you to Dr. Kevin Griffin for producing the map of Dublin for this article.

Lepsius, Susanne / Friedrich Vollhardt / Oliver Bach (Hrsg.), Von der Allegorie zur Empirie. Natur im Rechtsdenken des Spätmittelalters und der Frühen Neuzeit (Abhandlungen zur rechtswissenschaftlichen Grundlagenforschung. Münchener Universitätsschriften. Juristische Fakultät, 100), Berlin 2018, Schmidt, VI u. 328 S., € 79,95. (Peter Oestmann, Münster) Baumgärtner, Ingrid / Nirit Ben-Aryeh Debby / Katrin Kogman-Appel (Hrsg.), Maps and Travel in the Middle Ages and the Early Modern Period. Knowledge, Imagination, and Visual Culture (Das Mittelalter. Beihefte, 9), Berlin / Boston 2019, de Gruyter, IX u. 412 S. / Abb., € 119, 95. (Gerda Brunnlechner, Hagen) Damen, Mario / Jelle Hamers / Alastair J. Mann (Hrsg.), Political Representation. Communities, Ideas and Institutions in Europe (c. 1200 – c. 1690) (Later Medieval Europe, 15), Leiden / Boston 2018, Brill, XIV, 332 S. / Abb., € 143,00. (Olaf Mörke, Kiel) Erkens, Franz-Reiner, Sachwalter Gottes. Der Herrscher als „christus domini“, „vicarius Christi“ und „sacra majestas“. Gesammelte Aufsätze. Zum 65. Geburtstag hrsg. v. Martin Hille / Marc von Knorring / Hans-Cristof Kraus (Historische Forschungen, 116), Berlin 2017, Duncker &amp; Humblot, 564 S., € 119,90. (Ludger Körntgen, Mainz) Scheller, Benjamin / Christian Hoffarth (Hrsg.), Ambiguität und die Ordnung des Sozialen im Mittelalter (Das Mittelalter. Beihefte, 10), Berlin / Boston 2018, de Gruyter, 236 S. / Abb., € 99,95. (Frank Rexroth, Göttingen) Jaspert, Nikolas / Imke Just (Hrsg.), Queens, Princesses and Mendicants. Close Relations in European Perspective (Vita regularis, 75), Wien / Zürich 2019, Lit, VI u. 301 S. / graph. Darst., € 44,90. (Christina Lutter, Wien) Schlotheuber, Eva, „Gelehrte Bräute Christi“. Religiöse Frauen in der mittelalterlichen Gesellschaft (Spätmittelalter, Humanismus, Reformation, 104), Tübingen 2018, Mohr Siebeck, IX u. 340 S., € 99,00. (Christine Kleinjung, Potsdam) Caflisch, Sophie, Spielend lernen. Spiel und Spielen in der mittelalterlichen Bildung (Vorträge und Forschungen, Sonderband 58), Ostfildern 2018, Thorbecke, 468 S., € 46,00. (Benjamin Müsegades, Heidelberg) Bolle, Katharina / Marc von der Höh / Nikolas Jaspert (Hrsg.), Inschriftenkulturen im kommunalen Italien. Traditionen, Brüche, Neuanfänge (Materiale Textkulturen, 21), Berlin / Boston 2019, de Gruyter, VIII u. 334 S. / Abb., € 79,95. (Eberhard J. Nikitsch, Mainz) Gamberini, Andrea, The Clash of Legitimacies. The State-Building Process in Late Medieval Lombardy (Oxford Studies in Medieval European History), Oxford / New York 2018, Oxford University Press, VIII u. 239 S. / Abb., £ 65,00. (Tom Scott, St Andrews) Roth, Prisca, Korporativ denken, genossenschaftlich organisieren, feudal handeln. Die Gemeinden und ihre Praktiken im Bergell des 14.–16. Jahrhunderts, Zürich 2018, Chronos, 427 S. / Abb., € 58,00. (Beat Kümin, Warwick) Hardy, Duncan, Associative Political Culture in the Holy Roman Empire. Upper Germany, 1346 – 1521, Oxford 2018, Oxford University Press, XIII u. 320 S. / Abb., £ 75,00. (Christian Hesse, Bern) Pelc, Ortwin (Hrsg.), Hansestädte im Konflikt. Krisenmanagement und bewaffnete Auseinandersetzung vom 13. bis zum 17. Jahrhundert (Hansische Studien, 23), Wismar 2019, callidus, XIII u. 301 S., € 38,00. (Ulla Kypta, Hamburg) Bähr, Matthias / Florian Kühnel (Hrsg.), Verschränkte Ungleichheit. Praktiken der Intersektionalität in der Frühen Neuzeit (Zeitschrift für Historische Forschung, Beiheft 56), Berlin 2018, Duncker &amp; Humblot, 372 S., € 79,90. (Andrea Griesebner, Wien) Miller, Peter N., History and Its Objects. Antiquarianism and Material Culture since 1500, Ithaca / London 2017, Cornell University Press, VIII u. 300 S. / Abb., $ 39,95. (Sundar Henny, Bern) Behringer, Wolfgang / Eric-Oliver Mader / Justus Nipperdey (Hrsg.), Konversionen zum Katholizismus in der Frühen Neuzeit. Europäische und globale Perspektiven (Kulturelle Grundlagen Europas, 5), Berlin 2019, Lit, 333 S. / Abb., € 39,90. (Christian Mühling, Würzburg) Cañizares-Esguerra, Jorge / Robert A. Maryks / Ronnie Po-chia Hsia (Hrsg.), Encounters between Jesuits and Protestants in Asia and the Americas (Jesuit Studies, 14; The Boston College International Symposia on Jesuit Studies, 3), Leiden / Boston 2018, Brill, IX u. 365 S. / Abb., € 135,00. (Fabian Fechner, Hagen) Flüchter, Antje / Rouven Wirbser (Hrsg.), Translating Catechisms, Translating Cultures. The Expansion of Catholicism in the Early Modern World (Studies in Christian Mission, 52), Leiden / Boston 2017, Brill, VI u. 372 S., € 132,00. (Markus Friedrich, Hamburg) Županov, Ines G. / Pierre A. Fabre (Hrsg.), The Rites Controversies in the Early Modern World (Studies in Christian Missions, 53), Leiden / Boston 2018, Brill, XXIV u. 403 S. / Abb., € 143,00. (Nadine Amsler, Bern) Aron-Beller, Katherine / Christopher F. Black (Hrsg.), The Roman Inquisition. Centre versus Peripheries (Catholic Christendom, 1300 – 1700), Leiden / Boston 2018, Brill, XIII u. 411 S., € 139,00. (Kim Siebenhüner, Jena) Montesano, Marina, Classical Culture and Witchcraft in Medieval and Renaissance Italy (Palgrave Historical Studies in Witchcraft and Magic), Cham 2018, Palgrave Macmillan, IX u. 278 S. / Abb., € 74,89. (Tobias Daniels, München) Kounine, Laura, Imagining the Witch. Emotions, Gender, and Selfhood in Early Modern Germany (Emotions in History), Oxford / New York 2018, Oxford University Press, VII u. 279 S. / Abb., £ 60,00. (Sarah Masiak, Paderborn) Münster-Schröer, Erika, Hexenverfolgung und Kriminalität. Jülich-Kleve-Berg in der Frühen Neuzeit, Essen 2017, Klartext, 450 S., € 29,95. (Michael Ströhmer, Paderborn) Harst, Joachim / Christian Meierhofer (Hrsg.), Ehestand und Ehesachen. Literarische Aneignungen einer frühneuzeitlichen Institution (Zeitsprünge, 22, H. 1/2), Frankfurt a. M. 2018, Klostermann, 211 S., € 54,00. (Pia Claudia Doering, Münster) Peck, Linda L., Women of Fortune. Money, Marriage, and Murder in Early Modern England, Cambridge [u. a.] 2018, Cambridge University Press, XIV u. 335 S. / Abb., £ 26,99. (Katrin Keller, Wien) Amussen, Susan D. / David E. Underdown, Gender, Culture and Politics in England, 1560 – 1640. Turning the World Upside Down (Cultures of Early Modern Europe), London [u. a.] 2017, Bloomsbury Academic, XV u. 226 S., £ 95,00. (Daniela Hacke, Berlin) Raux, Sophie, Lotteries, Art Markets and Visual Culture in the Low Countries, 15th – 17th Centuries (Studies in the History of Collecting and Art Markets, 4), Leiden / Boston 2018, Brill, XVII u. 369 S. / Abb., € 125,00. (Tilman Haug, Essen) Kullick, Christian, „Der herrschende Geist der Thorheit“. Die Frankfurter Lotterienormen des 18. Jahrhunderts und ihre Durchsetzung (Studien zu Policey, Kriminalitätsgeschichte und Konfliktregulierung), Frankfurt a. M. 2018, Klostermann, VII u. 433 S. / Abb., € 69,00. (Tilman Haug, Essen) Barzman, Karen-edis, The Limits of Identity. Early Modern Venice, Dalmatia, and the Representation of Difference (Art and Material Culture in Medieval and Renaissance Europe, 7), Leiden / Boston 2017, Brill, XVII u. 315 S. / Abb., € 139,00. (Stefan Hanß, Manchester) Deutsche Reichstagsakten unter Maximilian I., Bd. 10: Der Reichstag zu Worms 1509, bearb. v. Dietmar Heil (Deutsche Reichstagsakten. Mittlere Reihe, 10), Berlin / Boston 2017, de Gruyter Oldenbourg, 874 S., € 169,95. (Thomas Kirchner, Aachen) Deutsche Reichstagsakten unter Maximilian I., Bd. 11: Die Reichstage zu Augsburg 1510 und Trier/Köln 1512, 3 Bde., bearb. v. Reinhard Seyboth (Deutsche Reichstagsakten. Mittlere Reihe, 11), Berlin / Boston 2017, de Gruyter Oldenbourg, 2822 S., € 349,00. (Thomas Kirchner, Aachen) Fitschen, Klaus / Marianne Schröter / Christopher Spehr / Ernst-Joachim Waschke (Hrsg.), Kulturelle Wirkungen der Reformation / Cultural Impact of the Reformation. Kongressdokumentation Lutherstadt Wittenberg August 2017, 2 Bde. (Leucorea-Studien zur Geschichte der Reformation und der Lutherischen Orthodoxie, 36 u. 37), Leipzig 2018, Evangelische Verlagsanstalt, 639 S. / Abb.; 565 S. / Abb., je € 60,00. (Ingo Leinert, Quedlinburg) Johnson, Carina L. / David M. Luebke / Marjorie E. Plummer / Jesse Spohnholz (Hrsg.), Archeologies of Confession. Writing the German Reformation 1517 – 2017 (Spektrum, 16), New York / Oxford 2017, Berghahn, 345 S., £ 92,00. (Markus Wriedt, Frankfurt a. M.) Lukšaitė, Ingė, Die Reformation im Großfürstentum Litauen und in Preußisch-Litauen (1520er Jahre bis zum Beginn des 17. Jahrhunderts), übers. v. Lilija Künstling / Gottfried Schneider, Leipzig 2017, Leipziger Universitätsverlag, 662 S. / Abb., € 49,00. (Alfons Brüning, Nijmegen) Beutel, Albrecht (Hrsg.), Luther Handbuch, 3., neu bearb. u. erw. Aufl., Tübingen 2017, Mohr Siebeck, XVI u. 611 S., € 49,00. (Olaf Mörke, Kiel) Frank, Günter (Hrsg.), Philipp Melanchthon. Der Reformator zwischen Glauben und Wissen. Ein Handbuch, Berlin / Boston 2017, de Gruyter, XI u. 843 S. / Abb., € 149,95. (Olaf Mörke, Kiel) Tuininga, Matthew J., Calvin’s Political Theology and the Public Engagement of the Church. Christ’s Two Kingdoms (Law and Christianity), Cambridge [u. a.] 2017, Cambridge University Press, XIV u. 386 S., £ 27,99. (Volker Reinhardt, Fribourg) Becker, Michael, Kriegsrecht im frühneuzeitlichen Protestantismus. Eine Untersuchung zum Beitrag lutherischer und reformierter Theologen, Juristen und anderer Gelehrter zur Kriegsrechtsliteratur im 16. und 17. Jahrhundert (Spätmittelalter, Humanismus, Reformation, 103), Tübingen 2017, Mohr Siebeck, XIV u. 455 S., € 89,00. (Fabian Schulze, Elchingen / Augsburg) Reller, Jobst, Die Anfänge der evangelischen Militärseelsorge, Berlin 2019, Miles-Verlag, 180 S. / Abb., € 19,80. (Marianne Taatz-Jacobi, Halle a. d. S.) Mayenburg, David von, Gemeiner Mann und Gemeines Recht. Die Zwölf Artikel und das Recht des ländlichen Raums im Zeitalter des Bauernkriegs (Studien zur europäischen Rechtsgeschichte, 311), Frankfurt a. M. 2018, Klostermann, XIX u. 487 S., € 89,00. (Matthias Bähr, Dresden) Gleiß, Friedhelm, Die Weimarer Disputation von 1560. Theologische Konsenssuche und Konfessionspolitik Johann Friedrichs des Mittleren (Leucorea-Studien zur Geschichte der Reformation und der Lutherischen Orthodoxie, 34), Leipzig 2018, Evangelische Verlagsanstalt, 344 S. / Abb., € 68,00. (Ingo Leinert, Quedlinburg) Ulbricht, Otto, Missbrauch und andere Doku-Stories aus dem 17. und 18. Jahrhundert, Wien / Köln / Weimar 2019, Böhlau, 248 S. / Abb., € 25,00. (Robert Jütte, Stuttgart) Hornung Gablinger, Petra, Gefühlsmedien. Das Nürnberger Ehepaar Paumgartner und seine Familienbriefe um 1600 (Medienwandel – Medienwechsel – Medienwissen, 39), Zürich 2018, Chronos, 275 S., € 48,00. (Margareth Lanzinger, Wien) Wüst, Wolfgang (Hrsg.) / Lisa Bauereisen (Red.), Der Dreißigjährige Krieg in Schwaben und seinen historischen Nachbarregionen: 1618 – 1648 – 2018. Ergebnisse einer interdisziplinären Tagung in Augsburg vom 1. bis 3. März 2018 (Zeitschrift des Historischen Vereins für Schwaben, 111), Augsburg 2018, Wißner, XXV u. 373 S. / Abb., € 29,00. (Georg Schmidt, Jena) Helgason, Þorsteinn, The Corsairs’ Longest Voyage. The Turkish Raid in Iceland, übers. v. Jóna A. Pétursdóttir, Leiden / Boston 2018, Brill, XIV u. 372 S. / Abb., € 154,00. (Hans Medick, Göttingen) Zurbuchen, Simone (Hrsg.), The Law of Nations and Natural Law 1625 – 1800 (Early Modern Natural Law, 1), Leiden / Boston 2019, Brill, X u. 337 S., € 131,00. (Miloš Vec, Wien) Mishra, Rupali, A Business of State. Commerce, Politics, and the Birth of the East India Company (Harvard Historical Studies, 188), Cambridge / London 2018, Harvard University Press, VII u. 412 S., $ 35,00. (Christina Brauner, Tübingen) Towsey, Mark / Kyle B. Roberts (Hrsg.), Before the Public Library. Reading, Community, and Identity in the Atlantic World, 1650 – 1850 (Library of the Written Word, 61; The Handpress World, 46), Leiden / Boston 2018, Brill, XVII u. 415 S., € 145,00. (Stefan Hanß, Manchester) Rosenmüller, Christoph, Corruption and Justice in Colonial Mexico, 1650 – 1755 (Cambridge Latin America Studies, 113), Cambridge / New York 2019, Cambridge University Press, XV u. 341 S. / Abb., £ 75,00. (Tobias Schenk, Wien) Tricoire, Damien, Der koloniale Traum. Imperiales Wissen und die französisch-madagassischen Begegnungen im Zeitalter der Aufklärung (Externa, 13), Köln / Weimar / Wien 2018, Böhlau, 408 S. / Abb., € 65,00. (Tobias Winnerling, Düsseldorf) Zabel, Christine, Polis und Politesse. Der Diskurs über das antike Athen in England und Frankreich, 1630 – 1760 (Ancien Régime, Aufklärung und Revolution, 41), Berlin / Boston 2016, de Gruyter Oldenbourg, X u. 377 S. / Abb., € 59,95. (Wilfried Nippel, Berlin) Velema, Wyger / Arthur Weststeijn (Hrsg.), Ancient Models in the Early Modern Republican Imagination (Metaforms, 12), Leiden / Boston 2018, Brill, XI u. 340 S., € 127,00. (Wilfried Nippel, Berlin) Hitchcock, David, Vagrancy in English Culture and Society, 1650 – 1750 (Cultures of Early Modern Europe), London / New York 2018, Bloomsbury Academic, X u. 236 S. / Abb., £ 28,99. (Ulrich Niggemann, Augsburg) Boswell, Caroline, Disaffection and Everyday Life in Interregnum England (Studies in Early Modern Cultural, Political and Social History, 29), Woodbridge 2017, The Boydell Press, XII u. 285 S., £ 65,00. (Philip Hahn, Tübingen) Kinsella, Eoin, Catholic Survival in Protestant Ireland, 1660 – 1711. Colonel John Browne, Landownership and the Articles of Limerick (Irish Historical Monographs), Woodbridge 2018, The Boydell Press, XVI u. 324 S. / Abb., £ 75,00. (Matthias Bähr, Dresden) Mansel, Philip, King of the World. The Life of Louis XIV, [London] 2019, Allen Lane, XIII u. 604 S. / Abb., £ 30,00. (William D. Godsey, Wien) Gräf, Holger Th. / Christoph Kampmann / Bernd Küster (Hrsg.), Landgraf Carl (1654 – 1730). Fürstliches Planen und Handeln zwischen Innovation und Tradition (Veröffentlichungen der Historischen Kommission für Hessen, 87), Marburg 2017, Historische Kommission für Hessen, XIII u. 415 S. / Abb., € 29,00. (Alexander Schunka, Berlin) Schriften zur Reise Herzog Friedrichs von Sachsen-Gotha nach Frankreich und Italien 1667 und 1668. Eine Edition, 3 Bde., Bd. 1: Reiseberichte; Bd. 2: Planung, Landeskunde, Rechnungen; Bd. 3: Briefe, hrsg. v. Peter-Michael Hahn / Holger Kürbis (Schriften des Staatsarchivs Gotha, 14.1 – 3), Wien / Köln / Weimar 2019, Böhlau, XLVI u. 546 S. / Abb.; 660 S.; 374 S., € 200,00. (Michael Kaiser, Köln) Mulsow, Martin, Radikale Frühaufklärung in Deutschland 1680 – 1720, Bd. 1: Moderne aus dem Untergrund; Bd. 2: Clandestine Vernunft, Göttingen 2018, Wallstein, 502 bzw. 624 S. / Abb., € 59,90. (Helmut Zedelmaier, München) Göse, Frank / Jürgen Kloosterhuis (Hrsg.), Mehr als nur Soldatenkönig. Neue Schlaglichter auf Lebenswelt und Regierungswerk Friedrich Wilhelms I. (Veröffentlichungen aus den Archiven Preußischer Kulturbesitz. Forschungen, 18), Berlin 2020, Duncker &amp; Humblot, 398 S. / Abb., € 89,90. (Barbara Stollberg-Rilinger, Berlin/Münster) Füssel, Marian, Der Preis des Ruhms. Eine Weltgeschichte des Siebenjährigen Krieges. 1756 – 1763, München 2019, Beck, 656 S. / Abb., € 32,00. (Florian Schönfuß, Oxford) Flügel, Wolfgang, Pastoren aus Halle und ihre Gemeinden in Pennsylvania 1742 – 1820. Deutsche Lutheraner zwischen Persistenz und Assimilation (Hallische Beiträge zur Geschichte des Mittelalters und der Frühen Neuzeit, 14), Berlin / Boston 2019, de Gruyter, 480 S. / Abb., € 99,95. (Marianne Taatz-Jacobi, Halle a. d. S.) Braun, Christine, Die Entstehung des Mythos vom Soldatenhandel 1776 – 1813. Europäische Öffentlichkeit und der „hessische Soldatenverkauf“ nach Amerika am Ende des 18. Jahrhunderts (Quellen und Forschungen zur hessischen Geschichte, 178), Darmstadt / Marburg 2018, Selbstverlag der Historischen Kommission Darmstadt und der Historischen Kommission für Hessen, 296 S., € 28,00. (Stefan Kroll, Rostock) Die Tagebücher des Ludwig Freiherrn Vincke 1789 – 1844, (Heinz Duchhardt, Mainz) Bd. 7: 1813 – 1818, bearb. v. Ludger Graf von Westphalen (Veröffentlichungen des Vereins für Geschichte und Altertumskunde Westfalens, Abteilung Münster, 7; Veröffentlichungen der Historischen Kommission für Westfalen. Neue Folge, 58; Veröffentlichungen des Landesarchivs Nordrhein-Westfalen, 76), Münster 2019, Aschendorff, 777 S. / Abb., € 86,00. (Heinz Duchhardt, Mainz) Bd. 8: 1819 – 1824, bearb. v. Hans-Joachim Behr (Veröffentlichungen des Vereins für Geschichte und Altertumskunde Westfalens, Abteilung Münster, 8; Veröffentlichungen der Historischen Kommission für Westfalen. Neue Folge, 22; Veröffentlichungen des Landesarchivs Nordrhein-Westfalen, 48), Münster 2015, Aschendorff, 632 S. / Abb., € 79,00. (Heinz Duchhardt, Mainz) Bd. 9: 1825 – 1829, bearb. v. Hans-Joachim Behr (Veröffentlichungen des Vereins für Geschichte und Altertumskunde Westfalens, Abteilung Münster, 9; Veröffentlichungen der Historischen Kommission für Westfalen. Neue Folge, 23; Veröffentlichungen des Landesarchivs Nordrhein-Westfalen, 49), Münster 2015, Aschendorff, 508 S. / Abb., € 72,00. (Heinz Duchhardt, Mainz) Bd. 11: 1840 – 1844, bearb. v. Hans-Joachim Behr / Christine Schedensack (Veröffentlichungen des Vereins für Geschichte und Altertumskunde Westfalens, Abteilung Münster, 11; Veröffentlichungen der Historischen Kommission für Westfalen. Neue Folge, 55; Veröffentlichungen des Landesarchivs Nordrhein-Westfalen, 74), Münster 2019, Aschendorff, 516 S. / Abb., € 74,00. (Heinz Duchhardt, Mainz)

Introduction: Bubbles and Sport The ephemeral materiality of bubbles – beautiful, spectacular, and distracting but ultimately fragile – when applied to protect or conserve in the interests of sport-media profit, creates conditions that exacerbate existing inequalities in sport and society. Bubbles are usually something to watch, admire, and chase after in their brief yet shiny lives. There is supposed to be, technically, nothing inside them other than one or more gasses, and yet we constantly refer to people and objects being inside bubbles. The metaphor of the bubble has been used to describe the life of celebrities, politicians in purpose-built capital cities like Canberra, and even leftist, environmentally activist urban dwellers. The metaphorical and material qualities of bubbles are aligned—they cannot be easily captured and are liable to change at any time. In this article we address the metaphorical sporting bubble, which is often evoked in describing life in professional sport. This is a vernacular term used to capture and condemn the conditions of life of elite sportspeople (usually men), most commonly after there has been a sport-related scandal, especially of a sexual nature (Rowe). It is frequently paired with connotatively loaded adjectives like pampered and indulged. The sporting bubble is rarely interrogated in academic literature, the concept largely being left to the media and moral entrepreneurs. It is represented as involving a highly privileged but also pressurised life for those who live inside it. A sporting bubble is a world constructed for its most prized inhabitants that enables them to be protected from insurgents and to set the terms of their encounters with others, especially sport fans and disciplinary agents of the state. The Covid-19 pandemic both reinforced and reconfigured the operational concept of the bubble, re-arranging tensions between safety (protecting athletes) and fragility (short careers, risks of injury, etc.) for those within, while safeguarding those without from bubble contagion. Privilege and Precarity Bubble-induced social isolation, critics argue, encourages a loss of perspective among those under its protection, an entitled disconnection from the usual rules and responsibilities of everyday life. For this reason, the denizens of the sporting bubble are seen as being at risk to themselves and, more troublingly, to those allowed temporarily to penetrate it, especially young women who are first exploited by and then ejected from it (Benedict). There are many well-documented cases of professional male athletes “behaving badly” and trying to rely on institutional status and various versions of the sporting bubble for shelter (Flood and Dyson; Reel and Crouch; Wade). In the age of mobile and social media, it is increasingly difficult to keep misbehaviour in-house, resulting in a slew of media stories about, for example, drunkenness and sexual misconduct, such as when then-Sydney Roosters co-captain Mitchell Pearce was suspended and fined in 2016 after being filmed trying to force an unwanted kiss on a woman and then simulating a lewd act with her dog while drunk. There is contestation between those who condemn such behaviour as aberrant and those who regard it as the conventional expression of youthful masculinity as part of the familiar “boys will be boys” dictum. The latter naturalise an inequitable gender order, frequently treating sportsmen as victims of predatory women, and ignoring asymmetries of power between men and women, especially in homosocial environments (Toffoletti). For those in the sporting bubble (predominantly elite sportsmen and highly paid executives, also mostly men, with an array of service staff of both sexes moving in and out of it), life is reflected for those being protected via an array of screens (small screens in homes and indoor places of entertainment, and even smaller screens on theirs and others’ phones, as well as huge screens at sport events). These male sport stars are paid handsomely to use their skill and strength to perform for the sporting codes, their every facial expression and bodily action watched by the media and relayed to audiences. This is often a precarious existence, the usually brief career of an athlete worker being dependent on health, luck, age, successful competition with rivals, networks, and club and coach preferences. There is a large, aspirational reserve army of athletes vying to play at the elite level, despite risks of injury and invasive, life-changing medical interventions. Responsibility for avoiding performance and image enhancing drugs (PIEDs) also weighs heavily on their shoulders (Connor). Professional sportspeople, in their more reflective moments, know that their time in the limelight will soon be up, meaning that getting a ticket to the sporting bubble, even for a short time, can make all the difference to their post-sport lives and those of their families. The most vulnerable of the small minority of participants in sport who make a good, short-term living from it are those for whom, in the absence of quality education and prior social status, it is their sole likely means of upward social mobility (Spaaij). Elite sport performers are surrounded by minders, doctors, fitness instructors, therapists, coaches, advisors and other service personnel, all supporting athletes to stay focussed on and maximise performance quality to satisfy co-present crowds, broadcasters, sponsors, sports bodies and mass media audiences. The shield offered by the sporting bubble supports the teleological win-at-all-costs mentality of professional sport. The stakes are high, with athlete and executive salaries, sponsorships and broadcasting deals entangled in a complex web of investments in keeping the “talent” pivotal to the “attention economy” (Davenport and Beck)—the players that provide the content for sale—in top form. Yet, the bubble cannot be entirely secured and poor behaviour or performance can have devastating effects, including permanent injury or disability, mental illness and loss of reputation (Rowe, “Scandals and Sport”). Given this fragile materiality of the sporting bubble, it is striking that, in response to the sudden shutdown following the economic and health crisis caused by the 2020 global pandemic, the leaders of professional sport decided to create more of them and seek to seal the metaphorical and material space with unprecedented efficiency. The outcome was a multi-sided tale of mobility, confinement, capital, labour, and the gendering of sport and society. The Covid-19 Gilded Cage Sociologists such as Zygmunt Bauman and John Urry have analysed the socio-politics of mobilities, whereby some people in the world, such as tourists, can traverse the globe at their leisure, while others remain fixed in geographical space because they lack the means to be mobile or, in contrast, are involuntarily displaced by war, so-called “ethnic cleansing”, famine, poverty or environmental degradation. The Covid-19 global pandemic re-framed these matters of mobilities (Rowe, “Subjecting Pandemic Sport”), with conventional moving around—between houses, businesses, cities, regions and countries—suddenly subjected to the imperative to be static and, in perniciously unreflective technocratic discourse, “socially distanced” (when what was actually meant was to be “physically distanced”). The late-twentieth century analysis of the “risk society” by Ulrich Beck, in which the mysterious consequences of humans’ predation on their environment are visited upon them with terrifying force, was dramatically realised with the coming of Covid-19. In another iteration of the metaphor, it burst the bubble of twenty-first century global sport. What we today call sport was formed through the process of sportisation (Maguire), whereby hyper-local, folk physical play was reconfigured as multi-spatial industrialised sport in modernity, becoming increasingly reliant on individual athletes and teams travelling across the landscape and well over the horizon. Co-present crowds were, in turn, overshadowed in the sport economy when sport events were taken to much larger, dispersed audiences via the media, especially in broadcast mode (Nicholson, Kerr, and Sherwood). This lucrative mediation of professional sport, though, came with an unforgiving obligation to generate an uninterrupted supply of spectacular live sport content. The pandemic closed down most sports events and those that did take place lacked the crucial participation of the co-present crowd to provide the requisite event atmosphere demanded by those viewers accustomed to a sense of occasion. Instead, they received a strange spectacle of sport performers operating in empty “cathedrals”, often with a “faked” crowd presence. The mediated sport spectacle under the pandemic involved cardboard cut-out and sex doll spectators, Zoom images of fans on large screens, and sampled sounds of the crowd recycled from sport video games. Confected co-presence produced simulacra of the “real” as Baudrillardian visions came to life. The sporting bubble had become even more remote. For elite sportspeople routinely isolated from the “common people”, the live sport encounter offered some sensory experience of the social – the sounds, sights and even smells of the crowd. Now the sporting bubble closed in on an already insulated and insular existence. It exposed the irony of the bubble as a sign of both privileged mobility and incarcerated athlete work, both refuge and prison. Its logic of contagion also turned a structure intended to protect those inside from those outside into, as already observed, a mechanism to manage the threat of insiders to outsiders. In Australia, as in many other countries, the populace was enjoined by governments and health authorities to help prevent the spread of Covid-19 through isolation and immobility. There were various exceptions, principally those classified as essential workers, a heterogeneous cohort ranging from supermarket shelf stackers to pharmacists. People in the cultural, leisure and sports industries, including musicians, actors, and athletes, were not counted among this crucial labour force. Indeed, the performing arts (including dance, theatre and music) were put on ice with quite devastating effects on the livelihoods and wellbeing of those involved. So, with all major sports shut down (the exception being horse racing, which received the benefit both of government subsidies and expanding online gambling revenue), sport organisations began to represent themselves as essential services that could help sustain collective mental and even spiritual wellbeing. This case was made most aggressively by Australian Rugby League Commission Chairman, Peter V’landys, in contending that “an Australia without rugby league is not Australia”. In similar vein, prominent sport and media figure Phil Gould insisted, when describing rugby league fans in Western Sydney’s Penrith, “they’re lost, because the football’s not on … . It holds their families together. People don’t understand that … . Their life begins in the second week of March, and it ends in October”. Despite misgivings about public safety and equality before the pandemic regime, sporting bubbles were allowed to form, re-form and circulate. The indefinite shutdown of the National Rugby League (NRL) on 23 March 2020 was followed after negotiation between multiple entities by its reopening on 28 May 2020. The competition included a team from another nation-state (the Warriors from Aotearoa/New Zealand) in creating an international sporting bubble on the Central Coast of New South Wales, separating them from their families and friends across the Tasman Sea. Appeals to the mental health of fans and the importance of the NRL to myths of “Australianness” notwithstanding, the league had not prudently maintained a financial reserve and so could not afford to shut down for long. Significant gambling revenue for leagues like the NRL and Australian Football League (AFL) also influenced the push to return to sport business as usual. Sport contests were needed in order to exploit the gambling opportunities – especially online and mobile – stimulated by home “confinement”. During the coronavirus lockdowns, Australians’ weekly spending on gambling went up by 142 per cent, and the NRL earned significantly more than usual from gambling revenue—potentially $10 million above forecasts for 2020. Despite the clear financial imperative at play, including heavy reliance on gambling, sporting bubble-making involved special licence. The state of Queensland, which had pursued a hard-line approach by closing its borders for most of those wishing to cross them for biographical landmark events like family funerals and even for medical treatment in border communities, became “the nation's sporting hub”. Queensland became the home of most teams of the men’s AFL (notably the women’s AFLW season having been cancelled) following a large Covid-19 second wave in Melbourne. The women’s National Netball League was based exclusively in Queensland. This state, which for the first time hosted the AFL Grand Final, deployed sport as a tool in both national sports tourism marketing and internal pre-election politics, sponsoring a documentary, The Sporting Bubble 2020, via its Tourism and Events arm. While Queensland became the larger bubble incorporating many other sporting bubbles, both the AFL and the NRL had versions of the “fly in, fly out” labour rhythms conventionally associated with the mining industry in remote and regional areas. In this instance, though, the bubble experience did not involve long stays in miners’ camps or even the one-night hotel stopovers familiar to the popular music and sport industries. Here, the bubble moved, usually by plane, to fulfil the requirements of a live sport “gig”, whereupon it was immediately returned to its more solid bubble hub or to domestic self-isolation. In the space created between disciplined expectation and deplored non-compliance, the sporting bubble inevitably became the scrutinised object and subject of scandal. Sporting Bubble Scandals While people with a very low risk of spreading Covid-19 (coming from areas with no active cases) were denied entry to Queensland for even the most serious of reasons (for example, the death of a child), images of AFL players and their families socialising and enjoying swimming at the Royal Pines Resort sporting bubble crossed our screens. Yet, despite their (players’, officials’ and families’) relative privilege and freedom of movement under the AFL Covid-Safe Plan, some players and others inside the bubble were involved in “scandals”. Most notable was the case of a drunken brawl outside a Gold Coast strip club which led to two Richmond players being “banished”, suspended for 10 matches, and the club fined $100,000. But it was not only players who breached Covid-19 bubble protocols: Collingwood coaches Nathan Buckley and Brenton Sanderson paid the $50,000 fine imposed on the club for playing tennis in Perth outside their bubble, while Richmond was fined $45,000 after Brooke Cotchin, wife of team captain Trent, posted an image to Instagram of a Gold Coast day spa that she had visited outside the “hub” (the institutionally preferred term for bubble). She was subsequently distressed after being trolled. Also of concern was the lack of physical distancing, and the range of people allowed into the sporting bubble, including babysitters, grandparents, and swimming coaches (for children). There were other cases of players being caught leaving the bubble to attend parties and sharing videos of their “antics” on social media. Biosecurity breaches of bubbles by players occurred relatively frequently, with stern words from both the AFL and NRL leaders (and their clubs) and fines accumulating in the thousands of dollars. Some people were also caught sneaking into bubbles, with Lekahni Pearce, the girlfriend of Swans player Elijah Taylor, stating that it was easy in Perth, “no security, I didn’t see a security guard” (in Barron, Stevens, and Zaczek) (a month later, outside the bubble, they had broken up and he pled guilty to unlawfully assaulting her; Ramsey). Flouting the rules, despite stern threats from government, did not lead to any bubble being popped. The sport-media machine powering sporting bubbles continued to run, the attendant emotional or health risks accepted in the name of national cultural therapy, while sponsorship, advertising and gambling revenue continued to accumulate mostly for the benefit of men. Gendering Sporting Bubbles Designed as biosecurity structures to maintain the supply of media-sport content, keep players and other vital cogs of the machine running smoothly, and to exclude Covid-19, sporting bubbles were, in their most advanced form, exclusive luxury camps that illuminated the elevated socio-cultural status of sportsmen. The ongoing inequalities between men’s and women’s sport in Australia and around the world were clearly in evidence, as well as the politics of gender whereby women are obliged to “care” and men are enabled to be “careless” – or at least to manage carefully their “duty of care”. In Australia, the only sport for women that continued during the height of the Covid-19 lockdown was netball, which operated in a bubble that was one of sacrifice rather than privilege. With minimum salaries of only $30,000 – significantly less than the lowest-paid “rookies” in the AFL – and some being mothers of small children and/or with professional jobs juggled alongside their netball careers, these elite sportswomen wanted to continue to play despite the personal inconvenience or cost (Pavlidis). Not one breach of the netballers out of the bubble was reported, indicating that they took their responsibilities with appropriate seriousness and, perhaps, were subjected to less scrutiny than the sportsmen accustomed to attracting front-page headlines. National Netball League (also known after its Queensland-based naming rights sponsor as Suncorp Super Netball) players could be regarded as fortunate to have the opportunity to be in a bubble and to participate in their competition. The NRL Women’s (NRLW) Premiership season was also completed, but only involved four teams subject to fly in, fly out and bubble arrangements, and being played in so-called curtain-raiser games for the NRL. As noted earlier, the AFLW season was truncated, despite all the prior training and sacrifice required of its players. Similarly, because of their resource advantages, the UK men’s and boy’s top six tiers of association football were allowed to continue during lockdown, compared to only two for women and girls. In the United States, inequalities between men’s and women’s sports were clearly demonstrated by the conditions afforded to those elite sportswomen inside the Women’s National Basketball Association (WNBA) sport bubble in the IMG Academy in Florida. Players shared photos of rodent traps in their rooms, insect traps under their mattresses, inedible food and blocked plumbing in their bubble accommodation. These conditions were a far cry from the luxury usually afforded elite sportsmen, including in Florida’s Walt Disney World for the men’s NBA, and is just one of the many instances of how gendered inequality was both reproduced and exacerbated by Covid-19. Bursting the Bubble As we have seen, governments and corporate leaders in sport were able to create material and metaphorical bubbles during the Covid-19 lockdown in order to transmit stadium sport contests into home spaces. The rationale was the importance of sport to national identity, belonging and the routines and rhythms of life. But for whom? Many women, who still carry the major responsibilities of “care”, found that Covid-19 intensified the affective relations and gendered inequities of “home” as a leisure site (Fullagar and Pavlidis). Rates of domestic violence surged, and many women experienced significant anxiety and depression related to the stress of home confinement and home schooling. During the pandemic, women were also more likely to experience the stress and trauma of being first responders, witnessing virus-related sickness and death as the majority of nurses and care workers. They also bore the brunt of much of the economic and employment loss during this time. Also, as noted above, livelihoods in the arts and cultural sector did not receive the benefits of the “bubble”, despite having a comparable claim to sport in contributing significantly to societal wellbeing. This sector’s workforce is substantially female, although men dominate its senior roles. Despite these inequalities, after the late March to May hiatus, many elite male sportsmen – and some sportswomen - operated in a bubble. Moving in and out of them was not easy. Life inside could be mentally stressful (especially in long stays of up to 150 days in sports like cricket), and tabloid and social media troll punishment awaited those who were caught going “over the fence”. But, life in the sporting bubble was generally preferable to the daily realities of those afflicted by the trauma arising from forced home confinement, and for whom watching moving sports images was scant compensation for compulsory immobility. The ethical foundation of the sparkly, ephemeral fantasy of the sporting bubble is questionable when it is placed in the service of a voracious “media sports cultural complex” (Rowe, Global Media Sport) that consumes sport labour power and rolls back progress in gender relations as a default response to a global pandemic. Covid-19 dramatically highlighted social inequalities in many areas of life, including medical care, work, and sport. For the small minority of people involved in sport who are elite professionals, the only thing worse than being in a sporting bubble during the pandemic was not being in one, as being outside precluded their participation. Being inside the bubble was a privilege, albeit a dubious one. But, as in wider society, not all sporting bubbles are created equal. Some are more opulent than others, and the experiences of the supporting and the supported can be very different. The surface of the sporting bubble may be impermanent, but when its interior is opened up to scrutiny, it reveals some very durable structures of inequality. Bubbles are made to burst. They are, by nature, temporary, translucent structures created as spectacles. As a form of luminosity, bubbles “allow a thing or object to exist only as a flash, sparkle or shimmer” (Deleuze, 52). In echoing Deleuze, Angela McRobbie (54) argues that luminosity “softens and disguises the regulative dynamics of neoliberal society”. The sporting bubble was designed to discharge that function for those millions rendered immobile by home confinement legislation in Australia and around the world, who were having to deal with the associated trauma, risk and disadvantage. Hence, the gender and class inequalities exacerbated by Covid-19, and the precarious and pressured lives of elite athletes, were obscured. We contend that, in the final analysis, the sporting bubble mainly serves those inside, floating tantalisingly out of reach of most of those outside who try to grasp its elusive power. Yet, it is a small group beyond who wield that power, having created bubbles as armoured vehicles to salvage any available profit in the midst of a global pandemic. References AAP. “NRL Makes Desperate Plea to Government as It Announces Season Will Go Ahead.” 7News.com.au 15 Mar. 2020. 8 Mar. 2021 <https://7news.com.au/sport/rugby-league/nrl-makes-desperate-plea-to-government-as-it-announces-season-will-go-ahead-c-745711>. Al Jazeera English. “Sports TV: Faking Spectators and Spectacles.” The Listening Post 26 Sep. 2020 <https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0AlD63s26sQ&feature=youtu.be&t=827>. Barron, Jackson, Kylie Stevens, and Zoe Zaczek. “WAG Who Broke into COVID-19 Bubble for an Eight-Hour Rendezvous with Her AFL Star Boyfriend Opens Up on ‘How Easy It Was’—and Apologises for ‘Really Big Mistake’ That Cost Club $50,000.” The Daily Mail 19 Aug. 2020. 8 Mar. 2021 <https://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-8638959/WAG-AFL-star-sacked-season-coronavirus-breach-reveals-easy-sneak-in.html>. Bauman, Zygmunt. Liquid Modernity. Cambridge: Polity Press, 2000. Beck, Ulrich. Risk Society: Towards a New Modernity. London: Sage, 1992. Benedict, Jeff. Public Heroes, Private Felons: Athletes and Crimes against Women. Boston: Northeastern Uni. Press, 1999. Benfante, Agata, Marialaura di Tella, Annunziata Romeo, and Lorys Castelli. “Traumatic Stress in Healthcare Workers during COVID-19 Pandemic: A Review of the Immediate Impact.” Frontiers in Psychology 11 (23 Oct. 2020). Blaine, Lech. “The Art of Class War.” The Monthly. 17 Aug. 2020. 8 Mar. 2021 <https://www.themonthly.com.au/issue/2020/august/1596204000/lech-blaine/art-class-war#mtr>. Brooks, Samantha K., Rebecca K. Webster, Louise E. Smith, Lisa Woodland, Simon Wessely, Neil Greenberg, and Gideon J. Rubin. “The Psychological Impact of Quarantine and How to Reduce It: Rapid Review of the Evidence.” The Lancet 26 Feb. 2020. 8 Mar. 2021 <https://www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/article/PIIS0140-6736(20)30460-8/fulltext>. Caust, Jo. “Coronavirus: 3 in 4 Australians Employed in the Creative and Performing Arts Could Lose Their Jobs.” The Conversation 20 Apr. 2020. 8 Mar. 2021 <https://theconversation.com/coronavirus-3-in-4-australians-employed-in-the-creative-and-performing-arts-could-lose-their-jobs-136505>. Connor, James. “The Athlete as Widget: How Exploitation Explains Elite Sport.” Sport in Society 12.10 (2009): 1369–77. Courage, Cara. “Women in the Arts: Some Questions.” The Guardian 5 Mar. 2012. 8 Mar. 2021 <https://www.theguardian.com/culture-professionals-network/culture-professionals-blog/2012/mar/05/women-in-the-arts-introduction>. Davenport, Thomas H., and John C. Beck. The Attention Economy: Understanding the New Currency of Business. Cambridge, MA: Harvard Business Review Press, 2001. Deleuze, Gilles. Foucault. Trans. and ed. S. Hand. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 1986. Dennien, Matt, and Lydia Lynch. “Footage Shows Relaxed Scenes from AFL Hub amid Calls for Exception Overhaul.” Brisbane Times 3 Sep. 2020. 8 Mar. 2021 <https://www.brisbanetimes.com.au/national/queensland/footage-shows-relaxed-scenes-from-afl-hub-amid-calls-for-exemption-overhaul-20200903-p55s74.html>. Dobeson, Shanee. “Bailey Defends Qld Border Rules after Grieving Mother Denied Entry to Bury Son.” MyGC.com.au 12 Sep. 2020. 8 Mar. 2021 <https://www.mygc.com.au/bailey-defends-qld-border-rules-after-grieving-mother-denied-exemption-to-bury-son>. Dunn, Amelia. “Who Is Deemed an ‘Essential’ Worker under Australia’s COVID-19 Rules?” SBS News 26 Mar. 2020. 8 Mar. 2021 <https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0AlD63s26sQ&feature=youtu.be&t=827>. Emiko. “Women’s Unpaid Care Work in Australia.” YWCA n.d. 8 Mar. 2021 <https://www.ywca.org.au/opinion/womens-unpaid-care-work-in-australia>. Fullagar, Simone, and Adele Pavlidis. “Thinking through the Disruptive Effects and Affects of the Coronavirus with Feminist New Materialism.” Leisure Sciences (2020). 8 Mar. 2021 <https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/01490400.2020.1773996?journalCode=ulsc20>. Flood, Michael, and Sue Dyson. “Sport, Athletes, and Violence against Women.” NTV Journal 4.3 (2007): 37–46. Goodwin, Sam. “AFL Boss Left Fuming over ‘Out of Control’ Quarantine Party.” Yahoo! Sport 8 Sep. 2020. 8 Mar. 2021 <https://au.sports.yahoo.com/afl-2020-uproar-out-of-control-quarantine-party-224251554.html>. Griffith News. “New Research Shows Why Musicians among the Hardest Hit by COVID-19.” 18 June 2020. 8 Mar. 2021 <https://news.griffith.edu.au/2020/06/18/new-research-shows-why-musicians-among-the-hardest-hit-by-COVID-19>. Hart, Chloe. “‘This Is the Hardest It’s Going to Get’: NZ Warriors Open Up about Relocating to Australia for NRL.” ABC News 8 Aug. 2020. 8 Mar. 2021 <https://www.abc.net.au/news/2020-08-08/nz-warriors-open-up-about-relocation-to-australia-for-nrl/12531074>. Hooper, James. “10 Broncos Hit with Fines as Club Cops Huge Sanction over Pub Bubble Breach.” Fox Sports 18 Aug. 2020. 8 Mar. 2021 <https://www.foxsports.com.au/nrl/nrl-premiership/teams/broncos/nrl-2020-brisbane-broncos-pub-covid19-bubble-breach-fine-sanctions-who-was-at-the-pub/news-story/d3bd3c559289a8b83bc3fccbceaffe78>. Hytner, Mike. “AFL Suspends Season and Cancels AFLW amid Coronavirus Crisis.” The Guardian 22 Mar. 2020. 8 Mar. 2021 <https://www.theguardian.com/sport/2020/mar/22/afl-nrl-and-a-league-press-on-despite-restrictions>. Jones, Wayne. “Ray of Hope for Medical Care across Border.” Echo Netdaily 14 Aug. 2020. 8 Mar. 2021 <https://www.echo.net.au/2020/08/ray-of-hope-for-medical-care-across-border>. Jouavel, Levi. “Women’s Football Shutdowns: ‘It’s Unfair Boys’ Academies Can Still Play’.” BBC News 10 Nov. 2020. 8 Mar. 2021 <https://www.bbc.com/news/newsbeat-54876198>. Keh, Andrew. “We Hope Your Cheers for This Article Are for Real.” The New York Times 16 June 2020. 8 Mar. 2021 <https://www.nytimes.com/2020/06/16/sports/coronavirus-stadium-fans-crowd-noise.html>. Kennedy, Else. “‘The Worst Year’: Domestic Violence Soars in Australia during COVID-19.” The Guardian 1 Dec. 2020. 8 Mar. 2021 <https://www.theguardian.com/society/2020/dec/01/the-worst-year-domestic-violence-soars-in-australia-during-COVID-19>. Keoghan, Sarah. “‘Everyone’s Concerned’: Players Cop 70% Pay Cut.” Sydney Morning Herald 28 Mar. 2020. 8 Mar. 2021 <https://www.smh.com.au/sport/netball/everyone-s-concerned-players-cop-70-per-cent-pay-cut-20200328-p54esz.html>. Knox, Malcolm. “Gambling’s Share of NRL Revenue Could Well Double: That Brings Power.” Sydney Morning Herald. 15 May 2020. 8 Mar. 2021 <https://www.smh.com.au/sport/gambling-s-share-of-nrl-revenue-could-well-double-that-brings-power-20200515-p54tbg.html>. McGrath, Pat. “Racing Victoria Got $16.6 Million in Emergency COVID Funding: Then Online Horse Racing Gambling Revenue Skyrocketed.” ABC News 3 Nov. 2020. 8 Mar. 2021 <https://www.abc.net.au/news/2020-11-03/racing-victoria-emergency-coronavirus-COVID-funding/12838012>. McRobbie, Angela. The Aftermath of Feminism: Gender, Culture and Social Change. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage, 2009. Madden, Helena. “Lebron James’s Suite in the NBA Bubble Is Fit for a King.” Robb Report 16 Sep. 2020. 8 Mar. 2021 <https://robbreport.com/travel/hotels/lebron-james-nba-bubble-suite-1234569303>. Maguire, Joseph. “Sportization.” The Blackwell Encyclopedia of Sociology. Ed. George Ritzer. Oxford: Blackwell, 2007. 4710–11. Mathieson, Craig. “Michael Jordan Pierces the Bubble of Elite Sport in Juicy ESPN Doco.” Sydney Morning Herald. 13 May 2020. 8 Mar. 2021 <https://www.smh.com.au/culture/tv-and-radio/michael-jordan-pierces-the-bubble-of-elite-sport-in-juicy-espn-doco-20200511-p54rwc.html>. Maurice, Megan. “Australia’s Summer of Cricket during COVID Is about Money and Power—and Men”. 6 Jan. 2021. 8 Mar. 2021 <https://www.theguardian.com/sport/2021/jan/06/australias-summer-of-cricket-during-COVID-is-about-money-and-power-and-men>. Murphy, Catherine. “Cricket Australia Contributed to Circumstances Surrounding Ball-Tampering Scandal, Review Finds”. ABC News 20 Oct. 2018. 8 Mar. 2021 <https://www.abc.net.au/news/2018-10-29/scathing-report-released-into-cricket-australia-culture/10440972>. News.com.au. “How an AFL Star Wide’s Instagram Post Led to a Hefty Fine and a Journalist Being Stood Down.” NZ Herald 3 Aug. 2020. 8 Mar. 2021 <https://www.nzherald.co.nz/sport/how-an-afl-star-wifes-instagram-post-led-to-a-hefty-fine-and-a-journalist-being-stood-down/7IDR4SXQ6QW5WDFBV42BK3M7YQ>. Nicholson, Matthew, Anthony Kerr, and Merryn Sherwood. Sport and the Media: Managing the Nexus. 2nd ed. London: Routledge, 2015. Pavlidis, Adele. “Being Grateful: Materialising ‘Success’ in Women’s Contact Sport.” Emotion, Space and Society 35 (2020). 8 Mar. 2021 <https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S1755458620300207>. Phillips, Sam. “‘The Future of the Season Is in Their Hands’: Palaszczuk’s NRL Warning.” Sydney Morning Herald 10 Aug. 2020. 8 Mar. 2021 <https://www.smh.com.au/sport/nrl/the-future-of-the-season-is-in-their-hands-palaszczuk-s-nrl-warning-20200810-p55k7j.html>. Pierik, Jon, and Ryan, Peter. “‘I Own the Consequences’: Stack, Coleman-Jones Apologise for Gold Coast Incident.” The Age 5 Sep. 2020. 8 Mar. 2021 <https://www.theage.com.au/sport/afl/i-own-the-consequences-stack-apologises-for-gold-coast-incident-20200905-p55spq.html>. Poposki, Claudia, and Louise Ayling. “AFL Star’s Wife Who Caused Uproar by Breaching Quarantine to Go to a Spa Reveals She’s Been Smashed by Vile Trolls.” Daily Mail Australia 29 Aug. 2020. 8 Mar. 2021 <https://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-8674083/AFL-WAG-Brooke-Cotchin-breached-COVID-19-quarantine-spa-cops-abuse-trolls.html>. Ramsey, Michael. “Axed Swan Spared Jail over Ex-Girlfriend Assault.” AFL.com.au 2 Dec. 2020. 8 Mar. 2021 <https://www.afl.com.au/news/526677/axed-swan-spared-jail-over-ex-girlfriend-assault>. Read, Brent. “The NRL Is Set to Finish the Season on a High after Stunning Financial Results.” The Australian 1 Dec. 2020. 8 Mar. 2021 <https://www.theaustralian.com.au/sport/nrl/the-nrl-is-set-to-finish-the-season-on-a-high-after-stunning-financial-results/news-story/1ce9c2f9b598441d88daaa8cc2b44dc1>. Reel, Justine, J., and Emily Crouch. “#MeToo: Uncovering Sexual Harassment and Assault in Sport.” Journal of Clinical Sport Psychology 13.2 (2018): 177–79. Rogers, Michael. “Buckley, Sanderson to Pay Pies’ Huge Fine for COVID Breach.” AFL.com.au 1 Aug. 2020. 8 Mar. 2021 <https://www.afl.com.au/news/479118/buckley-sanderson-to-pay-pies-huge-fine-for-COVID-breach>. Richardson, David, and Richard Denniss. “Gender Experiences during the COVID-19 Lockdown: Women Lose from COVID-19, Men to Gain from Stimulus.” The Australia Institute June 2020. 8 Mar. 2021 <https://australiainstitute.org.au/report/gender-experiences-during-the-COVID-19-lockdown>. Rowe, David. “All Sport Is Global: A Hard Lesson from the Pandemic.” Open Forum 28 Mar. 2020. 8 Mar. 2021 <https://www.openforum.com.au/all-sport-is-global-a-hard-lesson-from-the-pandemic>. ———. “And the Winner Is … Television: Spectacle and Sport in a Pandemic.” Open Forum 19 Sep. 2020. 8 Mar. 2021 <https://www.openforum.com.au/and-the-winner-istelevision-spectacle-and-sport-in-a-pandemic>. ———. Global Media Sport: Flows, Forms and Futures. London: Bloomsbury, 2011. ———. “Scandals and Sport.” Routledge Companion to Media and Scandal. Eds. Howard Tumber and Silvio Waisbord. London: Routledge, 2019. 324–32. ———. “Subjecting Pandemic Sport to a Sociological Procedure.” Journal of Sociology 56.4 (2020): 704–13. Schout, David. “Cricket Prepares for Mental Health Challenges Thrown Up by Bubble Life.” The Guardian 8 Nov. 2020. 8 Mar. 2021 <https://www.theguardian.com/sport/2020/nov/08/cricket-prepares-for-mental-health-challenges-thrown-up-by-bubble-life>. Spaaij, Ramón. Sport and Social Mobility: Crossing Boundaries. London: Routledge, 2011. The Sporting Bubble. Dir. Peter Dickson. Nine Network Australia, 2020. Swanston, Tim. “With Coronavirus Limiting Interstate Movement, Queensland Is the Nation’s Sporting Hub—Is That Really Safe?” ABC News 29 Aug. 2020. 8 Mar. 2021 <https://www.abc.net.au/news/2020-08-29/coronavirus-queensland-rules-for-sports-teams-explainer/12542634>. Toffoletti, Kim. “How Is Gender-Based Violence Covered in the Sporting News? An Account of the Australian Football League Sex Scandal.” Women's Studies International Forum 30.5 (2007): 427–38. Urry, John. Mobilities. Cambridge: Polity Press, 2007. Walter, Brad. “From Shutdown to Restart: How NRL Walked Tightrope to Get Season Going Again.” NRL.com 25 May 2020. 8 Mar. 2021 <https://www.nrl.com/news/2020/05/25/from-shutdown-to-restart-how-nrl-walked-tightrope-to-get-season-going-again>. Wade, Lisa. “Rape on Campus: Athletes, Status, and the Sexual Assault Crisis.” The Conversation 7 Mar. 2017. 8 Mar. 2021 <https://theconversation.com/rape-on-campus-athletes-status-and-the-sexual-assault-crisis-72255>. Webster, Andrew. “Sydney Roosters’ Mitchell Pearce Involved in a Drunken Incident with a Dog? And Your Point Is ...?” Sydney Morning Herald 28 Jan. 2016. 8 Mar. 2021 <https://www.smh.com.au/sport/nrl/sydney-roosters-mitchell-pearce-involved-in-a-drunken-incident-with-a-dog-and-your-point-is--20160127-gmfemh.html>. Whittaker, Troy. “Three-Peat Not Driving Broncos in NRLW Grand Final.” NRL.com 24 Oct. 2020. 8 Mar. 2021 <https://www.nrl.com/news/2020/10/24/three-peat-not-driving-broncos-in-nrlw-grand-final>. Yahoo! Sport Staff. “‘Not Okay’: Uproar over ‘Disgusting’ Find inside Quarantine.” Yahoo! Sport 9 July 2020. 8 Mar. 2021 <https://au.sports.yahoo.com/wnba-disturbing-conditions-coronavirus-bubble-slammed-003557243.html>.