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1
Moyle, Gene Margaret. "Psychological screening and injury among elite athletes." Thesis, University of Southern Queensland, 2005. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/69367/1/Gene_Moyle_-_Doctoral_Thesis_2005.pdf.
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The purpose of the present investigation was to evaluate the effectiveness of the psychological component of the Queensland Academy of Sport (QAS) Health Screening Questionnaire in screening for injury/illness characteristics among elite athletes. In total, 793 scholarship athletes (409 females and 384 males) ranging in age from 11 to 41 years (M = 19, SD = 4.4) across 20 sports at the QAS in Brisbane, Australia, completed the QAS Health Screening Questionnaire. Psychological risk factors examined were life stress and mood, as measured by the Perceived Stress Scale - 10 (PSS-10) and the Brunel Mood Scale (BRUMS) respectively, in addition to disordered eating behaviours and history of diagnosed psychological disorders. Medical risk factors examined included asthma and back pain. Single-factor MANOVAs showed multivaritate effects for injury, second injury, back pain, asthma, anxiety disorder diagnosis, and fasting. Discriminant function analyses demonstrated that life stress and mood scores had significant utility in correctly classifying injury and second injury status, asthma, back pain, anxiety, and eating disorder diagnosis, in addition to the use of fasting and vomiting as weight control methods. The present findings suggest that the psychology component of the QAS Health Screening Questionnaire demonstrates significant utility as a screening tool regarding injury/illness characteristics among elite athletes.
2
Barrell, Gene Margaret. "Coping strategies used by ballet dancers : effects of individual differences in competitive trait anxiety." Thesis, University of Southern Queensland, 2001. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/69372/1/Masters_Thesis_-_Gene_M._Barrell.pdf.
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The purpose of the present investigation was to examine relationships between coping strategies and competitive trait anxiety among ballet dancers. Participants were 104 classical ballet dancers from three professional ballet companies, two private dance schools, and two full-time, university dance courses in Australia. Coping strategies were assessed using the Modified COPE scale (MCOPE: Crocker & Graham, 1995), while competitive trait anxiety was assessed using the Sport Anxiety Scale (SAS: Smith, Smoll, & Schutz, 1990). Standard multiple regression analyses showed that trait anxiety scores were significant predictors of seven of the 12 coping strategies, with moderate to large effect sizes. High trait anxious dancers reported more frequent use of all categories of coping strategies. A two-way MANOVA showed no main effects for gender nor status (professional versus students) and no significant interaction effect. The present results emphasize the need for the effectiveness of specific coping strategies to be considered during the process of preparing young classical dancers for a career in professional ballet.
3
Campbell, Caleb W. "Sport, Exercise, and Performance Psychologists as Proxy-Agents for Exercise." Thesis, California State University, Long Beach, 2018. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10742576.
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The current study is exploratory in nature and is the first to consider Sport, Exercise, and Performance Psychologists (SEPP) as proxy-agents for exercise. The primary focus is on three questions: Who would be interested in using a SEPP as a proxy-agent for exercise, do certain factors influence interest, and what specific self-regulatory mental skills are certain people interested in learning from a SEPP?
Two hundred and twenty-eight participants anonymously completed a survey online through Qualtrics. To answer the first question, participants in the age ranges of 18–22 and 23–49 were most interested and participants in the age range of 50 and higher were least interested. Participants who reported making less than $20,000 a year were the most interested, and participants who reported making more than $150,000 were the least interested. Participants who identified as being in the contemplation and action stages of change showed the most interest, whereas participants in the maintenance stage of change showed the least. To answer the second question, self-regulatory efficacy negatively influenced interest, whereas proxy-efficacy positively influenced interest. For the final question, participants were most interested in learning skills to manage their energy, and least interested in help reducing anxiety towards exercise from a SEPP. This study’s findings are important to the growing body of research regarding the best practices to embed long-term commitment to exercise behavior in individuals.
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orothea, Rachel Dorothea. "Psychosocial perspectives of sport and exercise participation during adolescence." Thesis, University of Hull, 1996. http://hydra.hull.ac.uk/resources/hull:5732.
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Scientific evidence attests to the health-related benefits of habitual physical activity. Coexisting with this evidence are findings which show that most people do not exercise with sufficient frequency, intensity or duration to accrue the benefits associated with participation. The focus of concern in the current research was on an adolescent population. In this cross-sectional study patterns of sport and exercise participation were related to self and social factors. The survey contained the Physical Self-Perception Profile-PSPP (Fox and Corbin, 1989) used to examine self-perceptions in the physical domain; the Perceived Importance Profile-PIP (Fox and Corbin, 1989) used to investigate the importance of feeling competent in each of the PSPP subdomains; scales especially designed for this research which measured socialisation influences on physical activity; and a scale to measure 'body-constancy', a factor thought to relate to the disruption/inconvenience associated with activity. Altogether, data were collected from 604 young people from ages 11 to 18 years (mean age 13.26, sd 1.48). The results showed a significant downward trend in participation with age, with males more active than females at all ages. However mean levels of participation were above the recommended minimum, suggesting that only the minority were sedentary. Males scored significantly higher than their female counterparts on all self-perception variables, as well as perceiving greater peer support for activity. There was an equal perceived influence from parents, although this declined with age. Further evidence for the validity of the PSPP was obtained from this sample. The results supported the notion that the process of down-rating competence acts to buffer self-esteem, but further work was advocated to validate the PIP with adolescents. Regression analysis showed that physical self-perceptions, perceived importance, peer and parental influence, age and gender all contributed to the prediction of participation. Altogether, 26% (adjusted) of the variability in participation was predicted. The results were discussed in a developmental context, which considered the future for youth sport participation.
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Addison, Tamsin. "The perception and appraisal of pain in sport and exercise." Thesis, Queen's University Belfast, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.252312.
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Tibbetts, Erica. "Understanding Incarcerated Women's Motivation to Exercise." Diss., Temple University Libraries, 2015. http://cdm16002.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p245801coll10/id/327641.
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KinesiologyPh.D.
Women make up only 7% of the incarcerated population (Guerino, Harrison, & Sabol, 2012). However, this number is rising exponentially. The female prison population has increased eight-fold since 1980 (Carson & Gionelli, 2013). Up to 70% of women who are incarcerated will recidivate (Mallik-Kane & Vischer, 2008). A major contributor to this rapid increase and high rate of recidivism is that women's physical and mental health needs are not met while they are incarcerated. Creating gender sensitive programming that addresses women's physical and mental health needs while they are incarcerated and that can influence their lives after they leave could help decrease recidivism and increase the quality of life of thousands (Bloom, Owen, & Covington, 2003). While structured exercise programs are being offered with more frequency in women's prisons to help address these mental and physical health problems, attendance has been low and program staff struggle to retain participants. This research examined women's motivation to exercise, what they felt were benefits of engaging in physical activity, and what they perceived the barriers to physical activity are while incarcerated. The study was conducted in conjunction with an indoor cycling class being offered at the Philadelphia County Women's prison. Twenty-four women enrolled in the study and completed pre-program interviews and pencil and paper measures. Twelve women completed a follow up test; six graduated from the cycling program; six dropped out. Results show that women who build connections (relatedness) with instructors and peers are more likely to adhere to a structured exercise program, and that the basic psychological needs laid out by Self-Determination Theory are related to adherence. Additionally, women can internalize a range of reasons for and benefits of exercise that can help them overcome a range of institutional, individual, and environment barriers evident in a correctional setting.
Temple University--Theses
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Samaha, Christopher Jude. "Relationship Between Leisure Sport and Exercise Participation and Psychological Benefits for Horsemen." Diss., Temple University Libraries, 2008. http://cdm16002.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p245801coll10/id/15824.
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KinesiologyPh.D.
This study was a description of horsemen's perceived psychological benefits and liabilities derived from leisure sport and exercise participation. The horsemen that participated in this study were active trainers or grooms who stabled their horses at a training center. Sixty-six horsemen completed the Tennessee Self-Concept Scale: 2, Stress Profile, and this researcher's inventory of horsemen's activities entitled Samaha Horsemen's Activities Questionnaire (SHAQ). Seven horsemen were interviewed to obtain qualitative data. Two of the seven horsemen were omitted from the analysis due to no or limited responses to the questions. Quantitative data results revealed that leisure participation in exercise activities positively correlated with greater well-being, physical self concept, and total self concept scores. There was a statistically significant negative relationship between time devoted to participation in exercise and stress scores. The horsemen that participated in this study work in professional harness racing. An allowable and acceptable leisure activity is gambling. However, results indicated that there were statistically significant negative relationships between time spent gambling and physical self concept, well-being, and exercise and sport participation. Horsemen who were above the median on participation in sport and exercise had significantly higher physical self concept and well being scores than those who were below the median. The results indicate that participation in a variety of exercise and sports as well as time devoted to leisure physical activity had the strongest relationship with improved well-being. Analysis of the transcribed interviews revealed two major themes (limitations and perceived outcomes) and three subthemes within limitations (time, injury, and competitiveness) and perceived outcomes (socialization, physical, and psychological well-being) that described horsemen's participation in leisure sport and exercise. A central conflict emerged within horsemen's reluctance to become assertive in addressing their limitations. Horsemen viewed limitations in participation in sport and exercise as time, injury, and competitiveness. Those who participate in leisure sport and exercise were assertive in addressing their own limitations. The perceived outcomes were physical, socialization, and psychological benefits. Participants expressed that leisure sport and exercise provided possible benefits regardless of their involvement or adherence to an exercise program.
Temple University--Theses
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Ruggieri, Jason. "ROWERS' PERCEPTIONS OF EXERCISE ADHERENCE AND ROWING CULTURE: A MIXED-METHODS INVESTIGATION." Master's thesis, Temple University Libraries, 2011. http://cdm16002.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p245801coll10/id/143619.
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KinesiologyM.S.
The purpose of this study was two-fold: to quantitatively explore competitive rowers' perspectives of the benefits and barriers to exercise, and to use follow-up qualitative interviews to elicit insight into rowers' views of their sport culture, personal experience, and what it takes to be a dedicated, adherent athlete. A mixed-methods approach was used with online surveys and semi-structured interviews. Participants were club and university rowers in the Northeast Atlantic region, all of whom were at least 18 years of age and actively rowing at the time of study One hundred thirty-one athletes, 77 female and 54 male, participated in the quantitative phase of the study. The online survey included the Exercise Benefits/Barriers Scale (EBBS), a 43-item, 4-point Likert scale measure, and a Basic Demographics Questionnaire (BDQ). The EBBS measured perceived benefits of and barriers to physical exercise. Statistical analysis revealed no strong correlations between the EBBS factors and demographic data. An eight-factor solution resulted, with five benefits (psycho-physical competence, daily functional efficiency, psycho-emotional stability, preventative health, and social interaction) and three barriers (personal inconvenience, physical exertion, and family encouragement). The eight-factor solution correlated strongly with the original nine-factor solution from Sechrist, Walker, and Pender (1987). Nine participants, five men and four women, participated in follow-up interviews. Interviews were performed at a time and place convenient for the rower. The purpose of the interview was to elicit specific, genuine, rich content related to their rowing experience and how the benefits and barriers to physical activity and their place in rowing culture affect exercise adherence. Using an inductive-deductive approach prescribed by grounded theory, two core categories and additional sub-categories were developed in the coding process. From the data analysis, hindering factors and facilitating factors emerged as the core categories. Physical conditioning and health, optimization of personal characteristics, psycho-emotional stability, strong social community, environment, and interpretation of perceived barriers were subsumed under facilitating factors. The following sub-themes were contained in hindering factors: exercise demands, environment, and social issues. Rowers perceived strongly the benefits of their rowing experience, and stated that barriers are inherent to exercise and they are responsible for adapting to them.
Temple University--Theses
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Hurst, Howard Thomas. "Physiological responses to very short duration hypoxic exposure and its use for improving sprint performance during intermittent exercise." Thesis, University of Central Lancashire, 2010. http://clok.uclan.ac.uk/20104/.
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Altitude training has been the subject of much research over the past forty year. However, research has focused on endurance performance and prolonged exposures to hypoxia have generally been employed to bring about improvements in performance. Few studies have investigated the responses to very short duration altitude exposures and its effects on performance. Moreover, research into the benefits of altitude training for improving the restoration of sprint performance during high intensity intermittent sports remains scarce. Therefore, this thesis aimed to determine the very acute responses to hypoxic exposure and the efficacy of repeated very short duration hypoxic exercise on recovery of sprint performance during intermittent activity. In addition, the thesis also aimed to determine the effect of such a training modality on oxidative stress levels and cellular damage during repeated sprint activity. Study one investigated the acute cerebral and skeletal oxygenation and cardiorespiratory responses to a single bout of very short duration (15 mm) hypoxic exposure (3048 m; F102 = 0.143) at rest and during exercise, and compared these to normoxic values. Both exercise conditions were performed at 65% of AP4lR max. The results of the study found that very short duration, hypoxic training stimulated significantly greater decreases in cerebral TOl over normoxic exercise (55.73 ± 2.77 and 64.02 ± 7.28%, respectively). Cerebral AHHb (31.07 ± 14.20 pmoFL 1 ) was also found to be significantly greater during hypoxic exercise than normoxic exercise (6.42 ± 8.04 pmoFLj and resting hypoxia (19.06 ± 7.40 pmohL 1 ). Skeletal TOI was not significantly different across all test conditions. However, skeletal AHH b (32.22 ± 20.81 pmolL 1 ) was significantly greater during hypoxic exercise than during resting hypoxia (10.23 ± 6.97 pmolL 1 ). Oxygen uptake and respiratory rate were not significantly different between normoxic and hypoxic exercise conditions, with mean V02 being 1.89 ± 0.03 and 1.83 ± 0.34 Lmin 1 for normoxic exercise and hypoxic exercise, respectively. Mean respiratory rates were 27.32 ± 6.27 and 24.63 ± 5.24 breaths.min for normoxic exercise and hypoxic exercise, respectively. These significant differences between conditions suggest greater 02 extraction rates during very short duration hypoxic exercise than during normoxic exercise or resting hypoxia. It was therefore proposed that a short course of very short duration hypoxic exposure may elicit improvements in the efficiency of 02 uptake and utilisation during intermittent exercise and subsequently lead to a reduction in oxidative stress during such activities. Resulting from the findings of study one, study two investigated the cerebral and skeletal oxygenation, cardiorespiratory and haematological changes in response to very short duration (15 mm) hypoxic training (HT) 3 times per week for three weeks compared to comparable normoxic training (NT). In addition, the study also evaluated the effectiveness of the hypoxic training programme on restoring sprint performance during an intermittent performance test (IPT) and the effects this protocol had on oxidative stress levels, as determined by MDA analysis. The results found that very short duration HT significantly increased RBC and F -id postintervention by 8.39% and 5.89% respectively, whilst Hb increase by 5.38% postintervention, though this was not to a level of significance. In contrast the NT group reported non-significant decreases post-intervention for Hb (3.36%) and RBC (0.61%), whilst Hd decreases significantly (5.31%). No significant differences were reported for MDA either pre or post-intervention or between groups. No significant differences were reported between the HT and NT groups or pre and post-intervention for any cerebral or skeletal tissue oxygenation variables. However, the HT showed greater increases in skeletal AHHb over the NT group during the sprint efforts of the IPT (79.99 ± 30.17 and 55.46 ± 29.00 pmolL 1 , respectively). Similar observations were also reported during the IPT's recovery periods, with mean AHHb being 64.53 ± 23.04 and 48.29 ± 28.31 pmoFL 1 , for the HI and NT groups, respectively. Additionally, no significant differences were found for sprint Wmean and Wak between the groups post-intervention. However, the HT group increased Wmean by 11.99% post-intervention compared to the 3.75% increase by the NT group. Comparable increases were also noted for W 3k, with the HT group improving 11.82% post —intervention and the NT group improving only 3.45%. No significant differences were found between the HI and NT groups or pre and post-intervention for V02 or respiratory rate during both sprint and recovery periods. However, the HI group generally showed non-significant decreases in both parameters, whilst the NT group showed no change from pre-intervention levels. This thesis found that despite significant improvements in haematological variables in the HT group over the NT group, very short duration hypoxic training does not improve the restoration of sprint performance during intermittent activity significantly more than comparable normoxic training. However, in general, the hypoxic training group did elicit greater levels of improvement. Thus, the results of this thesis may reflect more, the relatively low number of participants in the studies, and not that the changes reported were meaningless. Improvements of approximately 5% in blood parameters and almost 12% in power output are still likely to be of interest to the intermittent sports performer, as such improvements may make a difference during critical periods of a match or race.
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Bartlett, Michelle. "Intense training in sport monitoring the effects on immune function and mood state /." Morgantown, W. Va. : [West Virginia University Libraries], 2006. https://eidr.wvu.edu/etd/documentdata.eTD?documentid=4902.
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Thesis (M.S.)--West Virginia University, 2006.Title from document title page. Document formatted into pages; contains viii, 96 p. : ill. (some col.). Includes abstract. Includes bibliographical references.
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Sit, Hui-ping Cindy. "Motivational orientations and sport participation in youth : a comparison of achievement goal theory and reversal theory /." Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 2002. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B24873056.
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Baird, Shannon M. "Who do you think you are? constructing self/identity in women's rugby through aggression, control and unacceptable behavior." Diss., University of Iowa, 2010. https://ir.uiowa.edu/etd/459.
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Some behaviors in sport may be labeled: bad, unnecessary and distasteful. Sport psychologists have used concepts of aggression to understand and lessen these behaviors. To date, most research has conceptualized aggression as a product of individual cognition. Specifically, aggression is defined in the sport psychology literature as any behavior motivated by the intent to harm one's opponent (Baron, 1977; Bredemeier & Shields, 1986b; Husman & Silva, 1984; Kirker, Tenenbaum & Mattson, 2000). Consequently, sport psychology analyses of aggression tend to reproduce take-for-granted conceptions of aggression as male, physical and other-directed. To better understand sport aggression, it has been argued that symbolic interactionism has much to offer (Baird & McGannon, 2009). By utilizing symbolic interactionism we can reconceptualize aggression as a social construct given meaning in and through interaction with self and others. From this perspective, self notions and interactions with others are important "locations" of meaning making and are significant in the study of behavior.
The present study used symbolic interactionism to explore female rugby players' experiences of aggression and how they interpret, define and structure experiences relative to self development. In conjunction with participant-observation, 12 semi-structured interviews with female rugby players ages 18-45 were conducted to explore: (1) how do women define themselves as ruggers/how do they (re)produce these identities in and out of rugby, (2) how do women define and experience aggression, and (3) how are these accounts used in the construction of self/identity?
Data emerging from interviews and observations suggested that athletes defined and experienced behavior in ways challenging contemporary sport psychology conceptualizations of aggression. The participants often used the word aggression to describe forceful and physical play. In sport psychology literature, this is typically referred to as assertive behavior (Husman & Silva, 1984; Tenenbaum, Saks, Miller, Golden, & Doolin, 2000) and aggressive behavior is a label reserved for unacceptable behavior motivated by the intent to harm (Tenenbaum et al., 2000). According to the women in this study, unacceptable behavior was not defined by intent; rather, unacceptable behavior was a negotiated space that was constructed through notions of lack of control. That is, if a player was constructed as out of control, that player was seen as engaging in unacceptable behavior.
In terms of self/identity construction, pain, contact and aggression emerged as important in the (re)production of self-related experiences within and outside of rugby. Within rugby these characteristics indicated a player's rugbyness. Outside of rugby these characteristics were often exhibited by non-rugby players as proof that rugby was a male sport. These participants both resisted and reinforced that notion. Rather than (re)define rugby by other female characteristics, these athletes used their rugby selves to say that pain, contact and aggression are not male only behaviors. The women used the bruises on their bodies to claim their rugby selves and prove, "I'm more than you think I am."
This research offers a unique glimpse of female collision athletes' experiences of aggression and contributes a new conceptualization of "unacceptable" behavior to the existent sport psychology literature.
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Sit, Hui-ping Cindy, and 薛慧萍. "Motivational orientations and sport participation in youth: a comparison of achievement goal theory and reversal theory." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2002. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B24873056.
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Lindahl, Jonas. "Motivation research in the field of sport and exercise psychology : A bibliometric study of research themes and informationflow between 1985 and 2009." Thesis, Umeå universitet, Sociologiska institutionen, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-71169.
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Objectives: The objectives of this bibliometric study was to provide an overview of the intellectual structure of motivation research in the field of sport and exercise psychology (SEP), and to show how the intellectual structure of the field has changed over time. A secondary purpose was to explore the potential of longitudinal citation based science mapping within SEP, and further, in the sub-area of motivation research in SEP.Research questions: (1) How did the intellectual structure of motivation research within the field of SEP evolve between 1985 and 2009 with respect to research themes and topics? (2) How did the flow of information, in terms of citations, between sub areas take shape within motivation research in SEP between 1985 and 2009?Data: 739 articles published between 1985 and 2009 were used in this study. Field delineation and data collection was conducted with a multi-database approach based on controlled vocabulary. The dataset was furthermore expanded by citation-based extension.Methods: A cluster analysis was performed on the retrieved articles based on normalized bibliographic coupling (i.e., based on shared references topically similar articles was placed in mutually exclusive groups). The cluster analysis resulted in 19 clusters that were classified by a subject expert from the field of SEP. Further, the labeled clusters were visualized as research fronts along timelines subdivided into timeslices – 1985-1994; 1995-1999; 2000-2004; 2005-2009 – showing the growth and decline of research topics within motivation research in SEP. Direct citations between the research fronts was extracted and visualized in order to explore information flow.Results: Some main findings were: (1) timeslice 1985-1994 consisted of a dispersed collection of research fronts. No dominating research theme or theoretical framework could be discerned in this period; (2) the timeslices of 1995-1999 and 2000-2004 was dominated by achievement goals oriented research; (3) during timeslice 2004-2009 self-determination theory oriented research underwent a drastic growth. This timeslice was dominated by achievement goals oriented research and self-determination theory oriented research. In the direct citation network highly influential research fronts (i.e., influential research themes) could be identified. The top five with respect to received direct citations was: (1) Task-ego achievement goals 1; (2) Task-ego achievement goals 2; (3) Self-determination theory 1; (4) Motivational climate; (5) Percieved competence and motivation among children and youth.
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Steffey, Brianna R., Brandi M. Eveland-Sayers, Alyson J. Chroust, Kara L. Boynewicz, Andy R. Dotterweich, and Abigail D. Daugherty. "Attitudes Towards Physical Activity Participation and School Engagement in Elementary School Children." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2019. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/5822.
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Numerous benefits are associated with physical activity participation with recent evidence indicating this may transfer into the classroom environment. Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between attitudes towards active or passive physical activity participation and classroom engagement in elementary school children. Methods: Students (n = 67) in grades 3-5 completed The Children’s Self-Perceptions of Adequacy in and Predilection for Physical Activity (CSAPPA) and The Elementary Student Engagement Instrument (SEI). Results: A statistically significant positive correlation (r = .31, P < .05) was found between the CSAPPA and SEI indicating that students who prefer active participation in physical activity also report higher levels of engagement within the school environment. No statistical difference was noted between males and females or across grade levels. Conclusion: The results of this research support the benefits of physical activity participation within the school environment. The lack of statistical difference with regard to sex is also noteworthy in that research connecting physical activity and classroom engagement frequently indicates differences between males and females. This is possibly attributed to the inclusive culture established by the school which promotes and supports opportunities for all students. These findings are particularly relevant in light of current trends to reduce time spent in physical education, free play, and other physical activity opportunities within the school day
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Barlow, Madeline Margaret. "Reframe, Regroup, Refresh: Navigating the Transition from Athlete to Exerciser." Diss., Temple University Libraries, 2019. http://cdm16002.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p245801coll10/id/589278.
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KinesiologyPh.D.
Student athletes (SAs) are faced with multiple hurdles upon stepping onto campus, including balancing their lives as a student with that of being an athlete for 20 or more hours per week. SAs typically maintain weekly physical activity (PA) recommendations as a by-product of participation in one’s sport. Because most SAs have high athletic identity, which remains fairly consistent throughout their lives, many incorrectly assume this will translate into a high exercise identity and greater PA throughout their life spans. Certainly, the challenge is how to assist SAs in transitioning from athlete to exerciser. Based on findings from previous research on barriers to maintaining healthy PA levels faced by student-athletes as they transition out of sport, the purpose of this study is to examine the components of resources that can help individuals navigate this transition. Phase I of the study was quantitative in nature and examined the relationship between athletic identity and exercise identity; the relationship was not significant; however, as expected, an individual’s level of exercise identity was related to one’s levels of moderate and vigorous exercise per week. Additionally, individuals with high athletic identity were more likely to participate in vigorous PA. For the purpose of the study, Phase II involved conducted hack groups (typically labeled as focus groups) to gain a deeper understanding of how practitioners can best serve athletes as they transition out of collegiate sport. According to the participants, attention should be given to the delivery method of resources. The most frequently cited form of delivery was that of a phone app with a social network. An app allows for individuals to access an online community of former SAs to not only process their experience but develop connections with like-minded individuals in the area. These connections were highlighted as a motivator for attending exercise groups and act as a form of accountability that may be missing from one’s life after the loss of one’s coach and/or team environment. Former SAs also reported the need for an increased awareness of one’s change in identity and help reframing exercise. Moreover, strategies to build community through authentic connection and shared values, along with assistance developing new routines and habits were deemed important. PA levels or one’s overall well-being may be positively influenced by these connections, but this remains to be studied in depth. The results of the present research indicate a need for attention on activities individuals enjoy rather than exercising for the sake of exercising. Experiencing positive feelings towards PA may in turn allow for increased present-moment awareness in the activity, leading to more enjoyment and potentially increased motivation to maintain PA following the transition out of collegiate sport.
Temple University--Theses
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Eveland-Sayers, Brandi M., Andy R. Dotterweich, Alyson J. Chroust, and Kara L. Boynewicz. "Self-Efficacy, Attitudes, and Classroom Engagement of Elementary School Students Following Participation in a Run, Jump, Throw Program." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2019. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/5820.
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Daugherty, Abigail D., Brandi M. Eveland-Sayers, Alyson J. Chroust, Kara L. Boynewicz, Andy R. Dotterweich, and Brianna R. Steffey. "Perceived Physical Ability and Self-Perception of Adequacy and Enjoyment for Physical Activity in Elementary Students." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2019. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/5823.
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How children perceive their physical ability is important in understanding their reported adequacy, preferences, and predilection of physical activity. This relationship is useful in identifying lifelong physical activity behaviors. Purpose: The relationship between perceived physical ability and classroom engagement was investigated in elementary school children. Methods: Students (n = 120) in grades K5 completed the Perceived Physical Ability Scale (PPAS) and the Children’s Self-Perceptions of Adequacy and Predilection for Physical Activity (CSAPPA). Results: A statistically strong significant positive correlation (r = .49, P < .01) was found between the PPAS and CSAPPA indicating that students with higher perceived physical ability also reported higher scores on the CSAPPA. The high CSAPPA scores are indicative of students having a higher likelihood of choosing physical activity over a non-active option. No significant differences were noted between males and females or across grade levels. Conclusions: Based on these results students who have a greater perception of their physical ability also report being more likely to select a physically active option when given the choice. The findings of this study are noteworthy as previous studies have shown that differences between male and female students may exist with similar measures. These results may be indicative of the environment that has been created at the study site. The study site promotes a culture centered on respect, care, and a growth mindset within its student body. Future research comparing student to teacher ratio, cohesive student groups, and school schedules should be conducted to compare students’ PPAS and CSAPPA results. Programs designed to enhance perceived physical ability and enjoyment of physical activity are needed to promote lifetime physical activity habits.
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Boynewicz, Kara, Alyson Chroust, Diana Morelen, Beth Bailey, Jesi Hall, and David Wood. "Motor Development and Abilities of Infants Born With Neonatal Abstinence Syndrome." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2018. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/8349.
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Daugherty, Abigail D., Brianna R. Steffey, Brandi M. Eveland-Sayers, Alyson J. Chroust, K. L. Boynewicz, and Andy R. Dotterweich. "BMI, Perceived Physical Ability, and School Engagement in Elementary School Children." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2019. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/5825.
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Students, grades 3-5, completed instruments assessing perceived physical ability and school engagement. No significant relationships were found or differences noted for categories of BMI. The culture and focus of the school may explain this.
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Boynewicz, Kara, and Alyson Chroust. "NAS and Effects on Motor, Cognition, Social-Emotional Development in Infants." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2019. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/8345.
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Daugherty, Abigail D., Brianna R. Steffey, Brandi M. Eveland-Sayers, Alyson J. Chroust, Kara L. Boynewicz, and Andy R. Dotterweich. "BMI, Perceived Physical Ability, and School Engagement in Elementary School Children." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2019. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/5824.
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Lindahl, Jonas. "Bibliometrisk kartläggning av det idrottspsykologiska fältet." Thesis, Umeå universitet, Sociologiska institutionen, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-54053.
Full textAbstract:
Objectives: The aim in this thesis has been to generate information relevant for strategic positioning and future evaluations within the scientific field of sport and exercise psychology. This has been done by request, and in collaboration with The Group of Sport and Exercise Psychology at the Institution of Psychology at the University of Umeå. Research questions: (1) How does the cognitive structure within the field of sport and exercise psychology take shape with respect to research topics in current sport-psychological research, i.e. the research front? (2) How does the social structure within the field of sport and exercise psychology take shape with respect to formal scientific collaboration? Data: 879 articles published between 2008-2011 were used in this study. The population of articles were collected from a set of 5 core journals: International Journal of Sport Psychology, Journal of Applied Sport Psychology, Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology, The Sport Psychologist, Psychology of Sport and Exercise. The original set was expanded by collecting relevant sport psychology articles from Scandinavian Journal of Medicine & Science in Sports and Journal of Sports Sciences. Methods: (1) The bibliometric indicator normalized bibliographic coupling combined with hierarchical agglomerative cluster analysis was used for mapping the research front. With this approach articles are basically clustered with respect to shared refererences, which in this context is understood as a measure of topical similarity. (2) For the mapping of social structures a collaboration analysis was performed by extracting and visualizing social networks based on the bibliometric indicator coauthorship. Results: (1) Identification and classification of 80 clusters based on topical similarity in collaboration with a subject expert. (2) Providing a map of formal scientific collaborations between countries based on coauthorship. (3) Providing a map of social networks based on coauthorships between individual researchers. (4) Identification and contextualization of central researchers based on production within the visualized coauthor network. The publications of each researcher were traced to corresponding clusters in the research front to gain information about in which subject areas and topics these central researchers publish. (5) Identification of research groups with high coauthor values, i.e. high intensity in their formal collaboration. Furthermore the publications from these groups were connected to corresponding clusters, i.e. giving information about in which subject areas and topics these groups publish.
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Isaksson, Rickard, and Kaled Sukic. "Modererande effekt av self-efficacy respektive mental tuffhet i relation mellan motivation och mängd motion." Thesis, Högskolan i Halmstad, Akademin för hälsa och välfärd, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hh:diva-41869.
Full textAbstract:
The purpose of this study was to: (a) examine if the relation between motivation and exercise is moderated by exercise specific self-efficacy (b) examine if the relation between motivation and exercise is moderated by mental toughness. The data collection was via a non-random convenience sample and snowball sample. The study used a quantitative cross-sectional design with 51 participants (24 men and 27 women), where the participants were between the ages 18-30 (M=23.8, SD=3.2). The results showed that exercise specific self-efficacy had a positive statistical significant correlation with self-determined exercise motivation (r = .63, p<.01) and total exercise amount (r = .47, p<.01). The result also showed that mental toughness had a positive statistical significant correlation with self-determined exercise motivation (r = .33, p<.05) and total exercise amount (r = .37, p<.01). However, the results showed no statistically significant moderating effect of exercise specific self-efficacy respectively mental toughness on the relationship between exercise motivation and amount of exercise. It is proposed that broader and more developing studies are needed within the subject and to investigate more potential underlying factors that could affect the relationship between exercise motivation and amount of exercise. The information in the following study can result in more people being able to sustain their exercise behaviour and that more people succeed with their exercise goals.Syftet med studien var att: (a) undersöka om self-efficacy modererar sambandet mellan motionsmängd och självbestämmande motionsmotivation samt (b) undersöka mental tuffhet modererar sambandet mellan motionsmängd och självbestämmande motionsmotivation. Insamlingen av data skedde via ett icke slumpmässigt bekvämlighetsurval och snöbollsurval. Studien var en kvantitativ tvärsnittsstudie med 51st deltagare (24 män och 27 kvinnor), där deltagarna var mellan åldrarna 18-30 år (M=23,8, SD=3.2). Resultatet visade att motionsspecifik self-efficacy hade ett positivt statistiskt signifikant samband med självbestämmande motionsmotivation (r = .63, p<.01) och motionsmängd (r = .47, p<.01). Resultatet visade även att mental tuffhet hade ett positivt statistiskt samband med självbestämmande motionsmotivation (r = .33, p<.05) och motionsmängd (r = .37, p<.05). Däremot visade resultatet ingen statistiskt signifikant modererande effekt av motionsspecifik self-efficacy respektive mental tuffhet på sambandet mellan motionsmotivation och motionsmängd. Resultatet belyser vikten av att undersöka psykologiska faktorer som bidrar till utvecklingen av självbestämmande motionsmotivation och ökad motionsmängd. Det föreslås bredare och mer utvecklande studier kring området, samt att undersöka fler potentiella bakomliggande faktorer som kan påverka sambandet mellan motionsmotivation och motionsmängd. Detta kan medföra att fler människor lyckas bibehålla sitt träningsbeteende samt att fler människor lyckas nå sina motionsmål.
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Larner, Chris. "On Making Warriors Out of Worriers: the Management of Trait Anxiety in Competitive Sports." full-text, 2008. http://eprints.vu.edu.au/2048/1/09-04-01_thesis__bound_version_.pdf.
Full textAbstract:
There were three broad aims for this thesis. These included (1) an investigation of the relationships between the intensity and directional dimensions of trait anxiety, state anxiety and performance in sport, (2) a detailed exploration of mechanisms mediating observed relationships, using the theory of Rational Emotive Behaviour Therapy (REBT) as a framework, and (3), based on the findings of this exploration, an assessment of the efficacy of a tailored REBT treatment as a means of modifying harmful trait anxiety directional interpretations, resulting in changes at the state level and ultimately changes in performance. A total of 189 competitors from the sports of freestyle skiing, athletics, and ten-pin bowling participated in Study 1. Each competitor provided general demographic information, information pertaining to their overall skill level, and also completed the Competitive Trait Anxiety Inventory version 2 – directional (CTAI-2-D), Sport Anxiety Scale (SAS), and Competitive State Anxiety Inventory version 2 – directional (CSAI-2-D) just prior to a competition. Following competition they went on to rate their performance on a scale from very poor to excellent. The results of Study 1 revealed that measures of anxiety correlated as predicted, and provided further support to the utility of directional measures of anxiety as a more precise predictor of skill level and performance than intensity alone measures. In Study 2, six bowlers who obtained negative directional trait anxiety scores on both of the cognitive and somatic subscales of the CTAI-2-D, and six bowlers who obtained positive directional trait anxiety scores on both of the cognitive and somatic subscales of the CTAI-2-D were interviewed on two separate occasions. Interviews were designed to assess the presence and typology of cognitions associated with emotional responses based on the ABC framework adopted in the theory and practice of REBT. Findings from Study 2 provided insight into specific cognitive mechanisms behind directional measures of anxiety, and highlighted the value of REBT as a theoretical model for conceptualising various components of anxiety in sport. In particular, competitors with debilitative interpretive styles were found to endorse self-directed demands, and awfulising, and exhibited secondary emotional disturbance most frequently associated with somatic and behavioural interpretations. In the final study, a total of 60 ten-pin bowlers were allocated to either a six-week course of REBT, a six-week course of a more traditional treatment entailing imagery and relaxation, or a control condition entailing six weeks of befriending. REBT was found to significantly moderate negative directional interpretation scores of anxiety symptoms, and to reduce competitors’ endorsement of irrational beliefs (whilst concurrently increasing their endorsement of rational or non-judgemental thinking styles) to a greater extent than the traditional intervention (relaxation and mental imagery), and control condition. Further, although not statistically significant, competitors who underwent the course of REBT showed greater performance gains than the bowlers in the other two conditions. The main implications of these findings are that anxiety research and management practices should focus on the causal role of underlying beliefs, and the relationship competitors have with these beliefs, in the experience of anxiety. Further, the results of this study highlighted that REBT has a significant role to play in the theory and management of anxiety in sport.
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Ouvrard, Théo. "Étude des mécanismes psychophysiologiques impliqués dans la réalisation d’une performance cycliste de haut-niveau." Thesis, Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018UBFCD074/document.
Full textAbstract:
Les travaux conduits dans le cadre de cette thèse avaient pour objectif d’étudier les mécanismes psychophysiologiques impliqués dans la mobilisation et la gestion des ressources nécessaires à la réalisation d’une performance de haut niveau en cyclisme sur route. Les mécanismes centraux et les paramètres psychologiques susceptibles d’influencer la commande motrice ont ainsi été analysés dans le contexte de compétitions cyclistes de haut-niveau.L’ensemble des résultats obtenus mettent en évidence que les mécanismes de régulation de l’intensité d’exercice, évalués à l’aide de la nouvelle méthode « Exposure Variation Analysis » (EVA) développée dans le cadre de cette thèse, seraient des paramètres déterminants pour la performance cycliste en contre-la-montre (CLM). En compétition officielle, la capacité du cycliste à exploiter au mieux ses qualités physiques et donc à développer la plus haute puissance moyenne possible était directement reliée à sa capacité à maintenir un niveau d’intensité d’exercice constant sur l’ensemble du CLM. De plus, cette justesse de régulation de l’intensité de l’effort serait également liée aux paramètres psychologiques de plaisir ressenti et de focus attentionnel : plus l’athlète ressentait un plaisir important et était capable de focaliser ses pensées sur des éléments extérieurs pertinents pour la performance et plus il était capable de maintenir un niveau de puissance constant sur l’ensemble de l’effort. Ainsi, la performance cycliste serait dépendante de l’interaction complexe entre les paramètres psychologiques, les mécanismes de régulation de l’effort et les qualités physiques des athlètes.Cependant, les résultats des études menées dans le cadre de cette thèse mettent également en évidence que les mécanismes de régulation de l’intensité d’exercice et les paramètres psychologiques associés varient selon le contexte environnemental et les caractéristiques de l’effort réalisé. Par exemple, la présence d’un équipier en montée permettrait au cycliste de ressentir un plaisir plus élevé pendant l’effort et de puiser davantage dans ses réserves afin de réaliser un sprint final plus important dans les derniers mètres avant l’arrivée. A l’inverse, les cyclistes de niveau élite possèderaient des qualités de gestion de l’effort remarquables leur permettant de réguler l’effort de manière identique lors de plusieurs montées répétées que lors d’un effort unique. L’étude de la performance cycliste doit donc prendre en compte le contexte environnemental ainsi que les caractéristiques des athlètes et de l’effort réalisé afin de réellement permettre une compréhension complète de la performance cycliste de haut-niveau.De plus, ces résultats mettent également en évidence que les mécanismes de régulation de l’effort peuvent évoluer entre les différentes compétitions, et pourraient ainsi expliquer les variations journalières de performance pour un même niveau de qualité physique. Les travaux menés dans le cadre de cette thèse ont ainsi tenté d’optimiser la méthode EVA afin de permettre le suivi de la justesse des mécanismes de régulation de l’effort du cycliste lors de plusieurs CLM. Cette méthode pourrait se révéler très intéressante pour les entraîneurs et les athlètes sur le terrain afin de tenter d’optimiser leurs mécanismes de régulation de l’effort avec l’entraînement dans le but d’exploiter au mieux leurs qualités physiques. Des techniques psychologiques pourraient notamment être utilisées afin d’augmenter le plaisir ressenti des athlètes ou d’optimiser leur gestion des pensées pendant l’effort, leur permettant ainsi de mieux réguler l’intensité d’exercice et d’améliorer leurs performances en CLMThe studies conducted during this PhD thesis aimed to analyse the psychophysiological mechanisms of effort regulation during elite road cycling performance. Central mechanisms and psychological parameters influencing motor units recruitment were studied in different contexts of elite road cycling competitions.All the results show that exercise intensity regulation, quantified using the “Exposure Variation Analysis” method developed during this PhD, is a key parameter of cycling individual time-trial (ITT) performance. During official competitive ITT, the cyclists’ abilities to have a maximal use of their physical capacities in order to develop the highest mean power output possible was strongly related to their abilities to maintain a constant level of exercise intensity during the entire ITT. These exercise intensity regulation mechanisms were also strongly related to pleasure and attentional focus psychological parameters: the more the athletes felt a high level of pleasure and were able to focus mainly on external thoughts salient to the performance, the more they were able to maintain a constant power output over the entire ITT. Cycling performance seems related to the complex interaction between psychological parameters, exercise intensity regulation mechanisms and physical capacities.However, the studies conducted also revealed that exercise intensity regulation mechanisms and psychological parameters varied depending on the environmental context and the characteristics of the effort. For example, a leading teammate in uphill cycling allowed the athlete to increase their pleasure and to dig deeper into their physiological reserves in order to perform a greater end-spurt. Conversely, elite cyclists exhibited outstanding exercise intensity regulation capacities which allowed them to regulate their effort during repeated uphill ITT in the same way that during single ITT. Consequently, the study of elite cycling performance must consider both environmental context and characteristics of the athletes concerned to allow a complete understanding of the mechanisms underlying performance.Furthermore, these results also underline that exercise intensity regulation mechanisms can vary between races, and consequently can explain the day-to-day variability in cycling performance despite similar physical capacities. Thus, the EVA method was optimised in order to monitor exercise intensity regulation mechanisms during several ITT performed by the same athletes. This method can be interesting for coaches and athletes on the field to try to improve their exercise intensity regulation with training. Specific psychological interventions can be added to the training programs in order to help the athlete to increase their pleasure or to improve their attentional focus, allowing them to improve their exercise intensity regulation and to have a greater use of their physical capacities during ITT
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Larner, Chris. "On Making Warriors Out of Worriers: the Management of Trait Anxiety in Competitive Sports." Thesis, full-text, 2008. https://vuir.vu.edu.au/2048/.
Full textAbstract:
There were three broad aims for this thesis. These included (1) an investigation of the relationships between the intensity and directional dimensions of trait anxiety, state anxiety and performance in sport, (2) a detailed exploration of mechanisms mediating observed relationships, using the theory of Rational Emotive Behaviour Therapy (REBT) as a framework, and (3), based on the findings of this exploration, an assessment of the efficacy of a tailored REBT treatment as a means of modifying harmful trait anxiety directional interpretations, resulting in changes at the state level and ultimately changes in performance. A total of 189 competitors from the sports of freestyle skiing, athletics, and ten-pin bowling participated in Study 1. Each competitor provided general demographic information, information pertaining to their overall skill level, and also completed the Competitive Trait Anxiety Inventory version 2 – directional (CTAI-2-D), Sport Anxiety Scale (SAS), and Competitive State Anxiety Inventory version 2 – directional (CSAI-2-D) just prior to a competition. Following competition they went on to rate their performance on a scale from very poor to excellent. The results of Study 1 revealed that measures of anxiety correlated as predicted, and provided further support to the utility of directional measures of anxiety as a more precise predictor of skill level and performance than intensity alone measures. In Study 2, six bowlers who obtained negative directional trait anxiety scores on both of the cognitive and somatic subscales of the CTAI-2-D, and six bowlers who obtained positive directional trait anxiety scores on both of the cognitive and somatic subscales of the CTAI-2-D were interviewed on two separate occasions. Interviews were designed to assess the presence and typology of cognitions associated with emotional responses based on the ABC framework adopted in the theory and practice of REBT. Findings from Study 2 provided insight into specific cognitive mechanisms behind directional measures of anxiety, and highlighted the value of REBT as a theoretical model for conceptualising various components of anxiety in sport. In particular, competitors with debilitative interpretive styles were found to endorse self-directed demands, and awfulising, and exhibited secondary emotional disturbance most frequently associated with somatic and behavioural interpretations. In the final study, a total of 60 ten-pin bowlers were allocated to either a six-week course of REBT, a six-week course of a more traditional treatment entailing imagery and relaxation, or a control condition entailing six weeks of befriending. REBT was found to significantly moderate negative directional interpretation scores of anxiety symptoms, and to reduce competitors’ endorsement of irrational beliefs (whilst concurrently increasing their endorsement of rational or non-judgemental thinking styles) to a greater extent than the traditional intervention (relaxation and mental imagery), and control condition. Further, although not statistically significant, competitors who underwent the course of REBT showed greater performance gains than the bowlers in the other two conditions. The main implications of these findings are that anxiety research and management practices should focus on the causal role of underlying beliefs, and the relationship competitors have with these beliefs, in the experience of anxiety. Further, the results of this study highlighted that REBT has a significant role to play in the theory and management of anxiety in sport.
28
Harris, Greg Maxwell. "Australian athletes' perceptions of sport psychology services." Thesis, 2003. https://vuir.vu.edu.au/18167/.
Full textAbstract:
North American researchers have examined athletes' perceptions regarding the use of
sport psychology services, however, similar studies have not been conducted in Australia.
The aims of this thesis were to investigate perceptions of sport psychology services with
Australian athletes and to assess the psychometric properties of the Sport Psychology
Attitude Questionnaire (SPAQ: Harmison, 1999). Despite the professional advancements,
North American research has shown that a number of factors may contribute to negative
perceptions and stigmatisation of athletes who seek sport psychology services. Based on
previous research a number of hypotheses were formulated. Female athletes and athletes
with previous exposure to sport psychology were expected to be significantly more
receptive to sport psychology services. A sample of 179 male (n = 117) and female (n =
62) athletes, ranging in age from 17 to 69 years, competing in either amateur or
professional sport completed the 25-item SPAQ and a demographics questionnaire. To
examine athletes' perceptions, a 2 (gender) x 2 (level of sport psychology exposure)
Multivariate Analysis of Variance (MANOVA) was conducted with the three SPAQ
factors, confidence in sport psychology (11 items), stigma tolerance (6 items), and
preference for similarity (8 items) as the dependent variables. Contrary to expectations
male athletes were more confident in using the services of a sport psychologist than were
female athletes F(1,175)=6.02, p=.015p<.05, ES=0.03. As expected athletes who
had previous sport psychology consultation experience were more confident in using sport
psychology services than those without previous experience F(1,175)=15.64, p<.001,
ES=0.08. The descriptive results showed that athletes in the present study were
moderately positive regarding the use of sport psychology services. Internal consistency
(Cronbach alpha) for the SPAQ overall score (α=.74) and confidence in sport
psychology (α= .82) sub-scale were acceptable. Alpha coefficient estimates for stigma
tolerance (α=.55) and preference for similarity (α=.35) were poor. A confirmatory
factor analysis (CFA) did not confirm the factor structure of the SPAQ, therefore, an
exploratory principal components (PCA) analysis was performed. A five-factor solution
(i.e., confidence to help with performance, recognition of personal need, sport
psychologist and athlete likeness, stigma of using a sport psychology consultant, and
interpersonal similarity) was extracted with an overall response variance of 51.5%
incorporated 24 of the 25 items in the SPAQ. Thus, the Harmison model did not prove
robust using CFA or PCA. Further item development and rewording of current items is
needed before the SPAQ is likely to be a reliable instrument to measure athletes'
perceptions of sport psychology services. Additional research of Australian athletes'
perceptions of sport psychology services is required to confirm the findings of
participants in this study.
29
Little, Guy Christopher David. "Client-practitioner relationships in sport injury rehabilitation." Thesis, 2015. https://vuir.vu.edu.au/29792/.
Full textAbstract:
The relationships that clients form with their practitioners can influence treatment
outcomes. Researchers have shown in numerous healthcare professions including
psychology and physiotherapy that caring and collaborative relationships can lead to
positive psychological and physical treatment outcomes, and poor relationships can lead
to negative outcomes. Within sport psychology, there are fewer studies on clientpractitioner
relationships in comparison to other domains of psychology or healthcare.
Researchers and practitioners have often favoured the investigation and application of
mental skills (e.g., goal setting, imagery, self-talk) over the exploration and
development of client-practitioner relationships. In the specific context of sport injury
rehabilitation, there exist few studies or commentaries on client-practitioner
relationships as interventions that can aid athletes’ recoveries, transitions, and returns to
sport. The aim of this thesis was to explore the relationships psychologists and
physiotherapists have with injured athlete-clients and how these practitioners
collaborate in sport injury rehabilitation.
30
Roychowdhury, Dev. "Examining reasons for participation in sport and exercise using the Physical Activity and Leisure Motivation Scale (PALMS)." Thesis, 2012. https://vuir.vu.edu.au/19943/.
Full textAbstract:
The purpose of the present study was to validate the Physical Activity and Leisure
Motivation Scale (PALMS). This included examining the internal consistency and criterion
validity of the PALMS, as well as testing the proposed model of PALMS subscales in a
confirmatory factor analysis. This study also looked at the various reasons people nominate
for engaging in physical activities. A community sample of 202 volunteer participants, 120
males and 82 females, aged 18 to 71 years, was recruited from various organizations, clubs,
and leisure centres. The participants represented different forms of physical activity namely,
Australian Football League (AFL), gym-based exercise, tae kwon do, tennis, and yoga.
Results indicate that the PALMS has a robust factor structure (CMIN/DF = 2.22; NFI = 0.95;
CFI = 0.97; RMSEA = 0.078). The PALMS also demonstrated good internal consistency
with a Cronbach’s alpha (α) of 0.79. The α values for the PALMS subscales ranged from .80
to .99. In terms of criterion validity, Spearman’s rho (rs) indicated a strong positive
correlation between the REMM and the PALMS (rs = .9). The correlations between each
PALMS sub-scale and the corresponding sub-scale on the validated REMM were also high
and varied from .76 to .95.
31
Yashiro, Yoriko. "Japanese translation and psychometric evaluation of the Revised Leadership Scale for Sport." Thesis, 2008. https://vuir.vu.edu.au/15737/.
Full textAbstract:
Despite a number of leadership definitions based on a various perspectives in mainstream psychology, the most popular definition of leadership used in sport leadership studies is, "the behavioural process of influencing individuals and groups toward set goals" (Barrow, 1977, p. 232). The Multidimentional Model of Leadership (MML; Chelladurai & Carron, 1978) was developed to explain sport leadership. Although the Leadership Scale for Sport (Chelladurai & Saleh, 1980) has been widely used in sport leadership investigations, several researchers have identified limitations associated with the LSS. Given these shortcomings, Zhang, Jensen, and Mann (1997) developed the Revised Leadership Scale for Sport (RLSS). No independent studies, however, have systematically investigated the psychometric properties of the RLSS. The three interconnected studies in this dissertation were designed to develop the Japanese version of the RLSS (JRLSS) and to examine the psychometric properties of the JRLSS.
32
Watt, Anthony P. "Development and validation of the sport imagery ability measure." Thesis, 2003. https://vuir.vu.edu.au/16135/.
Full textAbstract:
imagery is widely accepted by sport psychologists, coaches, and athlètes
to be a useful psychological technique in the training of athlètes for excellence (1998; Janssen & Sheikh, 1994). If imagery training is to be maximally effective,
practitioners need to establish an understanding ofthe athlètes' ability to image. achieve this, it is necessary to assess imagery ability in a reliable, valid, and
comprehensive manner (Moran, 1993). As yet no multi-modal, multi-dimensional, sport
spécifie test has been fully validated. The purpose of this thesis is to describe the
development, reliability, and validation of an assessment tool for use in imagery
research and training programs, the Sport Imagery Ability Measure (SIAM).
33
Choi, Whan Bong. "The effect of extrinsic reward on sport performance, perceived competence and intrinsic motivation." Thesis, 1996. https://vuir.vu.edu.au/15353/.
Full textAbstract:
The role of performance in the extrinsic rewards (ER) and intrinsic motivation (IM) relationship was examined. Four studies refined Intrinsic Motivation Inventory (IMI; Ryan, 1982?) internal consistency with Australian adolescents. In main study one, 147 Melbourne schoolchildren aged 13 and 16 performed 20 basketball free throws on three occasions, completing the IMI after occasion 1 performance, a singleitem perceived competence (PC) measure, and the IMI before and after occasion 2 and 3 performance. Before occasion 2 performance, half the males and females from
each age group were offered, with controlling instmctions, 50 cents for every additional basket scored; controls were offered no reward, nor was either group on occasion 3. Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) revealed that older children, males, and rewarded children performed better than controls. Significant interaction effects indicated that occasion 2 and 3 performance,improved for the rewarded group. LISREL path anaysis indicated that ER significantly influenced occasion 2 and 3 performance, PC, and IM, but the LISREL model was not a good fit. In main study two, 159 Melbourne schoolchildren aged 13 and 16, completed 20 free throws, PC, and IM measures on three occasions. Before occasion 2 performance, half the males and females from each age group were told they were performing in the top ten per cent. No feedback was given to either group on occasion 3. ANOVA revealed significant age and feedback
condition main effects. A significant two-way interaction revealed superior occasion 2 and 3 performance and IM with positive feedback. LISREL indicated that feedback was significantly related to performance and IM. Extrinsic motivation (monetary rewards, positive feedback) can
enhance performance, and intrinsic motivation.
34
Marchant, Daryl Brian. "Investigating a causal model of anxiety in sport." Thesis, 1996. https://vuir.vu.edu.au/15332/.
Full textAbstract:
Three experiments tested the Martens, Vealey, and Burton (1990) model of competitive anxiety. In experiment one, perceived uncertainty of outcome, one of three hypothesised causes of state anxiety (A-state), was manipulated by assigning 72 golfers to either a low uncertainty group (LU), composed of unequal ability pairs, or a high uncertainty group (HU), consisting of equal ability pairs. In experiment two perceived importance, another hypothesised cause of A-state was manipulated by assigning 52 club golfers to either a low importance (LI) group that competed for three golf balls, or a high importance (HI) group that competed for a new pair of golf shoes. Experiment three tested the hypothesised interaction between perceived uncertainty and importance by manipulating both perceived uncertainty and importance with 100 golfers.
35
Van, Rens Florentina Engelina Corrita Aimée. "Role strain in talent development: a psycho-social perspective on the dual careers of junior elite athletes." Thesis, 2015. https://vuir.vu.edu.au/30988/.
Full textAbstract:
This thesis developed and validated the Role Strain Questionnaire for Junior Athletes (RSQ-JA), an instrument designed to measure the role strain junior elite athletes experience in their multiple life domains (e.g., school, sport, family and friendships). Results supported a 22-item five factor structure for the RSQ-JA. These factors reflected five components of role strain, namely; (i) overload in school, (ii) overload in sport and between roles, (iii) conflict, (iv) underload, and (v) ambiguity. The RSQ-JA therefore provides the first valid measure to assess the role strain associated with the dual careers of junior elite athletes.
36
Plencnerova, Petra. "An investigation of the effectiveness of a school-based sport leadership program and its impact on students' psychological development." Thesis, 2017. https://vuir.vu.edu.au/35979/.
Full textAbstract:
This study systematically explored the outcomes and implementation processes of the School Sport Leadership Program (SSLP), which was integrated into some secondary schools in Melbourne, Australia. The main principle behind the SSLP was to train secondary school-aged students to become sport leaders, who deliver sporting activities to primary schools with the aim to encourage participation in sports and physical activities and develop their competencies. The overarching aim of this research was to evaluate the impact of the program utilising rigour methodology design, and to provide a comprehensive view of the developmental outcomes for the young people, as well as the program’s impact on the school community.
37
Youren, Carolyn Gaye. "Self-determination and perceived competence as antecedents for participants dropping out of sport." Thesis, 1998. https://vuir.vu.edu.au/15740/.
Full textAbstract:
The main purpose of this study was to explore persistence and discontinuation choices made by participants involved in competitive sport activities using cognitive evaluation theory. Deci and Ryan (1985) argue that changes to self-determination and perceived competence generate comparative changes in motivation. This approach provided a theoretical framework for exploring why some people choose to continue
whereas others dropout of sport.
38
Namchai, Lewan. "Psychological skills training for elite coaches in the cultural tradition of Thailand." Thesis, 1998. https://vuir.vu.edu.au/15422/.
Full textAbstract:
The purpose of this thesis was to examine the knowledge, interest, and use of sport psychology by elite coaches in Thailand and the effect of a psychological skills training program on knowledge, interest, and use. The thesis involved three linked studies, the first investigated initial knowledge, interest, and use, the second examined the effect of a psychological skills training (PST)program, on knowledge, interest, and use with an independent groups design, and the third examined the effect of a PST program on knowledge, interest, and use, based on a repeated measures design.
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Alahmad, Majed Essa. "Constraints and Motivations on the Participation of Saudi Arabian High School Students in Physical Activity and Sport." Thesis, 2016. https://vuir.vu.edu.au/30986/.
Full textAbstract:
A low level of physical activity and sport participation among adolescents has been particularly evident over the past decade, and youth inactivity has become a significant public health issue that has attracted the attention of many researchers around the world (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 2015; World Health Organization, 2011).
The purpose of this research project is to critically examine the major constraints and motivations in relation to physical activity and sport participation among male high school students who live in the city of Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. Using the hierarchical model of leisure constraints designed by Crawford, Jackson and Godbey (1991) and the motivational model developed by Frederick and Ryan (1993), this study explores the determinants of their physical activity and sport participation levels. Data were collected via a self-reported questionnaire completed by 909 male students aged 16–19 from Riyadh high schools in 2010–2011.
40
Anderson, Deidre. "Lifeskill intervention and elite athletic performance." Thesis, 1999. https://vuir.vu.edu.au/15432/.
Full text
41
Mosek, Erez. "Team flow: the missing piece in performance." Thesis, 2017. https://vuir.vu.edu.au/35038/.
Full textAbstract:
Attempts have been made to understand the complex dynamic relationships involved in team sports and explain the nature of successful performance. In sports, these components are particularly relevant because athletes often attribute peak performances and outcomes to psychological states such as team flow. This thesis focused on exploring team flow state as an independent construct whose dimensions need to be identified by research. The purpose of this thesis was to conceptualize team flow state and develop an inventory to measure it.
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Mowat, T. John. "Arousal and behaviour of coaches during competition." Thesis, 2004. https://vuir.vu.edu.au/15646/.
Full textAbstract:
This thesis investigated whether a relationship exists between the intracompetition psychological and psychophysiological arousal levels of basketball coaches and their behaviour during the match. Study one examined the
relationship between coaches' behaviour and arousal level. Trait anxiety was measured at the commencement of the study, using the Sport Competition Anxiety Test (SCAT). Study 2 was designed to be more precise in the manner in which game situations were defined and measured, particularly with regard to specific events in the game that might be deemed stressful to the coach. The aim of Study 3 was to use the views and interpretation of individual coaches of their thoughts and behaviour about selected game situations to elucidate the patterns observed in Study 2.
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Dao, Tien Dung. "The Effects of Hypnosis on Flow and Putting Performance in Golfers." Thesis, 2019. https://vuir.vu.edu.au/39602/.
Full textAbstract:
Csikszentmihalyi (1975) introduced the flow concept, involving total absorption in the task, confidence, and control, with effortless, automatic movement. Flow has nine dimensions that Stavrou and Zervas (2004) divided into five antecedents (challenge-skill balance, clear goals, unambiguous feedback, total concentration on the task, sense of control) and four concomitant dimensions (action-awareness merging, loss of self-consciousness, time transformation, and autotelic experience). Loss of self-consciousness and time transformation have similarities to phenomena often reported in hypnotic trance states. To examine whether the experience of these phenomena in hypnosis enhanced flow state, I performed three studies. In Study 1, I evaluated whether a hypnotic state facilitates flow and enhances performance via its concomitant dimensions and whether the trancework component of traditional hypnosis (TH), compared with neutral hypnosis (NH), is crucial, with 20 golfers, who performed putting under controlled conditions. In Study 2, I examined the effect of two hypnosis techniques, regression (RE) and future progression (FP) on golf putting performance and flow state with 25 golfers. Both studies had the same structure. I used the Waterloo-Stanford Group C Scale of Hypnotic Susceptibility (WSGC) to match participants into conditions. Golfers performed 56 4m test putts at pre-test and post-test. I measured radial error of each putt and number of putts holed. Then they completed the Flow State Scale-2 (FSS-2) at pre- and post-test. All participants undertook a 60-minute, face-to-face session, then listened to a recording of that session for seven days with different hypnotic suggestions in the RE and FP conditions. In Study 1, two-way mixed-design ANOVA revealed that TH reduced radial error and two dimensions of flow, sense of control and loss of self-consciousness, compared with NH. In Study 2, two-way mixed design ANOVA showed that the effect of FP was significantly larger than the effect of RE in facilitating global flow mainly due to the time transformation dimension, but performance was not enhanced. In Study 3, I investigated the effect of FP on flow and putting performance in competitions. Three male golfers participated in a single-case design (SCD) study, comprising six competition rounds in the Baseline Phase (BP) and six rounds in the Intervention Phase (IP). I recorded number of putts per round, percentage distance error, strokes gained putting, global flow state, and flow dimensions. Visual inspection and split-middle technique analysis of individual graphs indicated improvement in performance and flow of two golfers. I used narrative analysis to examine social validation questionnaire responses. Participants reported superior performance with more confidence and greater concentration after the hypnosis intervention. The findings of these three studies indicate that RE and FP hypnosis can be useful techniques to promote flow and improve performance. Further study is warranted to identify the most effective combination of hypnosis techniques to enhance, global flow state, flow dimensions, and performance.
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Nasution, Yuanita. "Coping strategies used by Indonesian elite badminton players." Thesis, 1998. https://vuir.vu.edu.au/18196/.
Full textAbstract:
The main purpose of this study was to identify strategies used by
Indonesian elite badminton players to cope with stressful situations they had
experienced as elite athletes. Participants were 16 current Indonesian elite
badminton players who had experienced playing in the Olympic Games. Each
participant was interviewed using an in-depth, open-ended interview technique
that inquired about stressors experienced, ways of coping, and their effectiveness.
The interviews were conducted in Indonesian language, tape recorded,
transcribed verbatim, and the Indonesian transcripts were translated into English
by two bilinguals naive to the purpose of the study. The English transcripts were
treated as the main data for analysis. An inductive content analysis technique was
used to develop stress source and coping strategy general dimensions. Seven
stress sources and 14 coping strategy general dimensions were identified. The
seven stressor dimensions, in order from most to least cited by the players, were:
precompetition stressors, competition stressors, psychological demands of being
an elite shuttler, social relationship problems, illness and injury concerns, failure
issues, and personal life concerns. These findings provided further evidence that
there is a range of stressor dimensions into which a wide variety of specific
stressful situations fit, and that each individual perceived a different pattern of
stressors. Results also revealed that the players used a range of strategies to cope
with different stressors. Fourteen coping strategy general dimensions were
developed from the players' interviews, including: social support and
relationships; positive thinking and orientation; training hard, preparing, and playing smart; personal mental strategies; rational thinking and self-talk; leisure
activities; determining solutions to problems; personal physical fitness strategies;
detachment; reactive behaviours; religious orientation; isolation; inability to cope;
and preparing for the future. The results also indicated that one strategy might used for coping with different stressors with different effectiveness, and to cope
with one stressor, a player might also use more than one strategy simultaneously.
Although stressor and coping strategy dimensions revealed in this study were
mostly parallel with previous Western research, several differences across culture
were also found. Moreover, gender, specialty of play, and levels of experience, in
some degree differentiated the usefulness and the effectiveness of coping
strategies used by the Indonesian elite badminton players. The research reported
in this thesis also demonstrated that an open-ended interview technique can be
used effectively with Indonesian elite badminton players. In identifying a high
degree of similarity between the stress experienced and the coping strategies used
by Indonesian elite athletes and those from Western backgrounds, along with
some noteworthy differences, this thesis is encouraging for further research on
stress and coping in elite sport in Asian cultures. It has also provided valuable
information for practitioners whose aim is to help athletes cope effectively with
the stress of being involved in elite sport.
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Rendell, Megan A. "Cognitive effort in contextual interference and implicit motor learning." Thesis, 2010. https://vuir.vu.edu.au/18972/.
Full textAbstract:
The broad aim of this dissertation was to explore the paradoxical accounts of
contextual interference and implicit motor learning from the perspective of cognitive
effort. Three key outcomes have emerged. First, from a theoretical perspective, the
thesis offers a previously unexplored account for the contextual interference effect –
one that potentially explains the paradoxical findings between contextual interference
and implicit learning – the implicit learning hypothesis. The hypothesis states that
random practice might share characteristics with implicit learning. High levels of
cognitive effort due to task switching might prevent random learners from consciously
focusing on their movements leading to a more passive mode of learning. Second,
from a practical perspective, the thesis provides support for the application of implicit
motor learning to performers who already possess explicit knowledge. Expert netball
players practised shooting to an adapted ring while responding to a secondary task.
Following the intervention, players were unaware of the knowledge underlying their
technique adaptation, thus providing preliminary evidence for the use of implicit
motor learning in high performance sport. Finally, from a methodological perspective,
the thesis laid the foundation for the future development of measurement techniques
for both cognitive effort and implicit/explicit processing. A battery of measures
typically applied to implicit learning was used in a study of contextual interference. In
addition, a behavioural measure of cognitive effort (time taken to prepare and execute
movements) was explored in blocked and random practice. Furthermore, two
experiments explored the use of a modified Stroop task as a potential measure of
implicit/explicit processing. Overall, the thesis contributes to both the contextual
interference and implicit motor learning research domains through advances in the
areas of theory, practice, and methodology.
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Maher, Rouhollah. "New Perspectives on Choking at the Free-throw Line." Thesis, 2018. https://vuir.vu.edu.au/41740/.
Full textAbstract:
The aim was to produce three quality publications including; a review of literature publication and two original studies designed to examine the effects of pressure on free-throw performance, particulary the phenomenon of choking, in the sport of basketball. Pressure when FT shooting is generally experienced by basketball players, irrespective of the level of participation, and resultant choking can affect game outcome and diminish personal enjoyment (Gómez, Lorenzo, Jiménez, Navarro, & Sampaio, 2015; Worthy, Markman, & Maddox, 2009).
The theoretical framework for the current study was a triangulated approach by examining choking from multiple perspectives with the common focus on choking in the task of basketball free throw shooting. The combination of a traditional quantitative approach (Study 1) and a less traditional qualitative approach (Study 2) were used to potentially provide perspectives on choking to illuminate possible consistencies and inconsistencies in how choking is experienced. Study 1 was designed to capitalize on the depth of athletes’ knowledge using a small number of elite athletes and reflected a predominantly inductive logic. The findings of this study informed a deeper understanding of how basketball players typically deal with choking and potentially present new knowledge and strategies relevant to alleviate choking within and beyond the sport of basketball. The elements of knowledge, transfer and exchange, the process of acquiring, developing, sharing and applying knowledge was used to question how the results can inform practice in the ‘real world’. In keeping with triangulation, the insider perspective used in Study 1 was equivalent to a ‘bottom up’ explanation of choking. Conversely, Study 2 was designed to more actively control variables in a quasi-experimental manner and was linked in design to the results from Study 1. Study 2 was designed to examine the effects of physical exertion on choking in conjunction with psychological using a larger population of competitive recreational student-athletes and reflected a predominantly deductive logic.
More specifically, the aim of the first study was to investigate ‘insider’ perspectives of elite basketball players regarding perceptions of pressure and the associated phenomenon of choking in basketball free-throw shooting. Seven elite basketball players (1 female and 6 males; Mage = 33.3, SD = 5.4) were recruited through snowball sampling. In-depth semi- structured interviews were conducted to enable participants to reflect on experiences of pressure and explanations of how to avoid choking. The data were thematically analysed, with six themes identified; choking definitions, antecedents, personality, automaticity, mental skills, and management strategies. The findings are discussed, especially in the context of mental skills, to reduce choking-susceptibility, and to recommended strategies for players, coaches and sport psychologists to consider when managing chronic choking.
More specifically, the aim of the second study was to examine the influence of physical exertion and pressure as potential antecedents of choking in basketball free-throw shooting. A within-subjects design was implemented with 50 student-basketball players who completed 40 basketball free-throws in four manipulated conditions: higher pressure-running, higher pressure-no running, lower pressure-running, and lower pressure-no running. A repeated measure analysis of variance revealed that participants scored significantly lower in the higher-pressure conditions than the lower-pressure conditions. Furthermore, participants scored significantly higher in the no-running conditions compared to the running conditions. The current study was the first to examine the effects of physical exertion on performance in pressure situations. The applied implications of these results are discussed and tentative conclusions drawn for the relevance to players, coaches and sport psychologists.
The participants in Study 1 provided unique insights based on their extensive experience performing under pressure at the highest levels of basketball. Participants were aware of the importance of mental skills but were not necessarily sufficiently informed or able to rectify choking without further assistance. The results of Study 2 contributed useful new information and insights into the link between physical exertion and choking. These results provide a new avenue for researchers interested in further examining physical exertion and fatigue as contributing to under-performance under pressure. Overall, the two studies broaden the knowledge regarding the triggers and underlying mechanisms of choking, and also enrich the strategies that athletes can use to optimise their performances. I expect that the current findings will be able to build capacity in assisting those players who experience difficulties in converting critical free-throws. Finally, the results of the current study assist athletes, coaches, and applied sport psychologists to better understand the deleterious effects of pressure in sport and suggest possible solutions to manage them.
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Cooley, Dean. "An investigation of the assumptions of self-handicapping : youth responses to evaluative threat in the physical domain." Thesis, 2004. https://vuir.vu.edu.au/15395/.
Full textAbstract:
Self-handicapping refers to the process whereby people proactively plan excuses for future mistakes. The interpersonal motivation to self-handicap lies in
clouding any evaluation of ability, whilst the intrapersonal motivation is the protection of self-esteem. On the surface, self-handicapping represents somewhat health ego-centrism, but if used continually, pathological internalisation is a
possibility. This thesis investigated some of the assumptions held for self-handicapping by exploring how a stratified random sample of young people aged
between 10 and 16, self-handicapped when faced with an evaluative threat within the physical domain.
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Moore, Melissa Louise. "Physical activity and depression among overweight women with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus." Thesis, 2011. https://vuir.vu.edu.au/17878/.
Full textAbstract:
The aim of this thesis was to investigate the relationship between physical activity (PA) and depression in overweight women with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM). To do this, I conducted three linked studies. In Study 1, I examined the relationship between PA and depression in overweight women with T2DM. In Study 2, I explored the PA barriers and facilitators for overweight women with T2DM and depression, and in Study 3, I designed and implemented a psychological intervention aimed at increasing PA participation and adherence for overweight women with T2DM and depression.
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Fortunato, Vanda. "Role transitions of elite Australian rules footballers." Thesis, 1996. https://vuir.vu.edu.au/15301/.
Full textAbstract:
Research on the retirement experiences of elite athletes supports the claim that the transition out of sport can have serious psychological sequelae. Further research is needed to explore the effects of retirement more deeply. This thesis employed a grounded theory approach to examine the role transitions of 48 elite Australian Rules Football Players. All footballers had played senior football for one of the 15 AFL clubs. Using in-depth interviews 18 players who had voluntarily retired, 15 players who had retired due to injury, and 15 players who had been deselected were interviewed. The study, through these in-depth interviews, examined nine propositions which were identified as significant in the review of literature.
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Jeong, Eun Hee. "The application of imagery to enhance 'flow state' in dancers." Thesis, 2012. https://vuir.vu.edu.au/21298/.
Full textAbstract:
In this thesis, I investigated imagery to enhance flow in dancers. To develop an imagery intervention, two Studies (Study 1 and 2) were conducted examining flow and imagery. Based on the findings from Studies 1 and 2, I developed an imagery intervention and tested its efficacy in terms of flow, anxiety, and performance in Study 3.