Relevant bibliographies by topics / 1750 through 1950

Contents

  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers

Academic literature on the topic '1750 through 1950'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 12 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "1750 through 1950"

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Mumbi, C. T., R. Marchant, H. Hooghiemstra, and M. J. Wooller. "Late Quaternary vegetation reconstruction from the Eastern Arc Mountains, Tanzania." Quaternary Research 69, no. 2 (March 2008): 326–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.yqres.2007.10.012.

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Pollen, spore, macrofossil and stable isotope (C and N) analyses from a 266-cm sediment core collected from a swamp on the Eastern Arc Mountains, Tanzania, are used to reconstruct vegetation and environmental history. An estimated time scale based on five14C ages records approximately 38,000 yr. This palaeorecord is the first from this biodiversity hotspot and importantly extends through the last glacial maximum (LGM). The altitudinal transition from montane to upper montane forest shifted from 1700–1800 m (38,00014C yr BP) to 1800–1900 m (35,000–29,00014C yr BP). From 29,000 to 10,00014C yr BP, it shifted from 1850–1950 m across the LGM to 1750–1800 m (during 10,000–350014C yr BP), and to present-day elevations at 2000 m during the last 350014C yr BP. The relative ecosystem stability across the LGM may be explained by the Indian Ocean's influence in maintaining continuous moist forest cover during a period of East African regional climate aridity. During the late Holocene, presence of abundant coprophilous fungi and algal blooms demonstrates increasing human impact.Neurospora spores indicate frequent fires, coinciding with clear signals of decline inPodocarpus and Psychotria trees that possibly represent selective logging.
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Markovits, Claude. "Structure and Agency in the World of Asian Commerce during the Era of European Colonial Domination (c. 1750-1950)." Journal of the Economic and Social History of the Orient 50, no. 2-3 (2007): 106–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/156852007781787350.

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AbstractThis paper examines the theme of the 'survival' of Asian business in the period of European colonial domination in Asia, i.e. c. 1750-1950, through the trajectories of some Indian merchant communities. It shows how Indian nationalist discourse systematically overlooked the role played by Indian merchants in the economies of colonized countries outside India. A critique of the paradigm of the great pan-Asian bazaar as put forward by the Indian historian Rajat Ray follows. The last section looks at two networks of Sind merchants which operated worldwide during the colonial period, and proposes a different reading of the evidence regarding the insertion of Indian merchants within a European-dominated world economy. Cet article traite du thème de la « survie » des marchands asiatiques pendant la période de domination coloniale européenne à travers une analyse de certaines communautés marchandes indiennes. On souligne que le discours nationaliste indien a tendu à négliger le rôle joué par des marchands indiens dans l'économie de nombreux pays colonisés en dehors de l'Inde. On examine de façon critique la théorie du « grand bazar pan-asiatique » proposée par l'historien indien Rajat Ray. A partir d'une étude de deux réseaux marchands de la province du Sind, on propose une vue différente de l'insertion des marchands asiatiques dans l'économie coloniale globale.
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Sivramkrishna, Sashi. "Production Cycles and Decline in Traditional Iron Smelting in the Maidan, Southern India, c. 1750-1950: An Environmental History Perspective." Environment and History 15, no. 2 (May 1, 2009): 163–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.3197/096734009x437972.

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This paper explores how economics, technology, politics and ecology interacted in causing ups and downs in the production of traditional iron making, and its subsequent decline in the early twentieth century. In the course of this exercise we find many lacunae in the study of Indian environmental history. These include a neglect of the impact of traditional iron and steel smelting industry on forests in pre- and early-colonial times, the possible strategic motive in controlling iron and steel production through control of charcoal production, the institutional mechanism of forest use for industrial purposes and the role of ecology in the decline of traditional industry. Some of these are important questions for those who seek to reintroduce traditional technologies. A study of history throws up interesting clues on how we could correct mistakes made in the past so as to plan more effectively for the future.
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Siphamandla Ryan Mathaba, Richard, and Nirmala Dorasamy. "School-based evaluation to improve learner performance." Environmental Economics 7, no. 1 (March 24, 2016): 60–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.21511/ee.07(1).2016.08.

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The article focuses on the periods of program and school evaluation in particular. The article traces school evaluation through various periods. These periods are: Age of originality (1444-1700), Age of reform (Prior 1900), Efficiency and testing (1900-1930), Tylerian period (1930-1945), Age of innocence (1946-1957), Age of development (1958-1972), Age of professionalism (1973-1983) and Age of expansion and integration (1984-2000). From these ages, the article is able to identify as to how Whole-school Evaluation in South Africa has been able to draw important lessons towards ensuring quality assurance in education
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KITLV, Redactie. "Book reviews." Bijdragen tot de taal-, land- en volkenkunde / Journal of the Humanities and Social Sciences of Southeast Asia 166, no. 1 (2010): 107–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/22134379-90003627.

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Syed Muhd Khairudin Aljunied, Rethinking Raffles; A study of Stamford Raffles’ discourse on religions amongst Malays. (Nathan Porath) Walter Angst, Wayang Indonesia; Die phantastische Welt des indonesischen Figurentheaters/The fantastic world of Indonesian puppet theatre. (Dick van der Meij) Adrienne Kappler and others, James Cook and the exploration of the Pacific. (H.J.M. Claesen) Aurel Croissant, Beate Martin and Sascha Kneip (eds), The politics of death; Political violence in Southeast Asia. (Freek Colombijn) Frank Dhont, Kevin W. Fogg and Mason C. Hoadley (eds), Towards an inclusive democratic Indonesian society; Bridging the gap between state uniformity and multicultural identity patterns. (Alexander Claver) Bronwen Douglas and Chris Ballard (eds), Foreign bodies; Oceania and the science of race, 1750-1940. (H.J.M. Claesen) Ricky Ganang, Jay Crain, and Vicki Pearson-Rounds, Kemaloh Lundayeh-English dictionary and bibliographic list of materials relating to the Lundayeh-Lun Bawang-Kelabit and related groups of Sarawak, Sabah, Brunei and East Kalimantan. (Michael Boutin) Jeffrey Hadler, Muslims and matriarchs; Cultural resilience in Indonesia through Jihad and Colonialism. (Franz von Benda-Beckmann) Uli Kozok, Kitab undang-undang Tanjung Tanah: Naskah Melayu yang tertua. (Arlo Griffiths) Alfonds van der Kraan, Murder and mayhem in seventeenth-century Cambodia; Anthony van Diemen vs. King Ramadhipati I. (Jeroen Rikkerink) Jean Michaud, ‘Incidental’ ethnographers; French Catholic missions on the Tonkin-Yunnan frontier, 1880-1930. (Nicholas Tapp) M.C. Ricklefs, Polarising Javanese society; Islamic and other visions (c. 1830-1930). (Matthew Isaac Cohen) Stuart Robson, Arjunawiwāha; The marriage of Arjuna of Mpu Kaṇwa. (Andrea Acri) László Székely and István Radnai, Dit altijd alleen zijn; Verhalen over het leven van planters en koelies in Deli (1914-1930). (Adrienne Zuiderweg) Patricia Tjiook-Liem (Giok Kiauw Nio Liem), De rechtspositie der Chinezen in Nederlands-Indië 1848-1942; Wetgevingsbeleid tussen beginsel en belang. (Mary Somers Heidhues) Zhou Daguan, A record of Cambodia: the land and its people. (Un Leang) REVIEW ESSAY Longitudinal studies in Javanese performing arts Benjamin Brinner, Music in Central Java; Experiencing music, expressing culture. Barbara Hatley, Javanese performances on an Indonesian stage; Contesting culture, embracing change. Felicia Hughes-Freeland, Embodied communities; Dance traditions and change in Java. (Matthew Isaac Cohen) REVIEW ESSAY Development and reform in Vietnam Stéphanie Balme and Mark Stephanie (eds), Vietnam’s new order; International perspectives on the state and reform in Vietnam. Sujian Guo, The political economy of Asian transition from communism. Ian Jeffries, Vietnam: a guide to economic and political developments. Pietro Masina, Vietnam’s development strategies. (Tran Quang Anh) KORTE SIGNALERINGEN Ulbe Bosma, Indiëgangers; Verhalen van Nederlanders die naar Indië trokken. Clara Brinkgreve, Met Indië verbonden; Een verhaal van vier generaties 1849-1949. Jack Botermans en Heleen Tichler, Het vergeten Indië; Stille getuigen van het dagelijks leven in het Indië van toen. Robin te Slaa en Edwin Klijn, De NSB; Ontstaan en opkomst van de Nationaal-Socialistische Beweging, 1931-1935. Mark Loderichs, Margaret Leidelmeijer, Johan van Langen en Jan Kompagnie, Verhalen in Documenten; Over het afscheid van Indië, 1940-1950. Frederik Erens en Adrienne Zuiderweg, Linggadjati, brug naar de toekomst; Soetan Sjahrir als een van de grondleggers van het vrije Indonesië. Peter Schumacher, met medewerking van Gerard de Boer, De zaak Aernout; Hardnekkige mythes rond een Indische moord ontrafeld. Cas Oorthuys, Een staat in wording; Fotoreportage van Cas Oorthuys over het Indonesië van 1947. René Kok, Erik Somers en Louis Zweers, Koloniale oorlog 1945-1949; Van Indië tot Indonesië. H.F. Veenendaal en J.P.W. Kelder, ZKH; Hoog spel aan het hof van Zijne Koninklijke Hoogheid; De geheime dagboeken van mr.dr.L.G. van Maasdijk. Ons Indië; 400 jaar Nederlandse sporen in Insulinde, de strijd om de onafhankelijkheid & 60 jaar Indonesië. (Harry A. Poeze)
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Wang, Yunqi, Fuli Gao, Jiapeng Yang, Jianyun Zhao, Xiaoge Wang, Guoying Gao, Rui Zhang, and Zhikuan Jia. "Spatio-Temporal Variation in Dryland Wheat Yield in Northern Chinese Areas: Relationship with Precipitation, Temperature and Evapotranspiration." Sustainability 10, no. 12 (November 28, 2018): 4470. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su10124470.

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Water supply constraints are recognized as major factors affecting regional dryland wheat production, but the details of these constraints have yet to be fully explored. We performed an analysis of field experiments conducted in northern Chinese areas during 1950–2017. Dryland wheat yields increased from the 1950s through to the 2010s at a rate of 110 kg ha–1 year–1. Yields increased most in regions with relatively high precipitation during wheat growth stage. Mean yields were 128% higher in regions with >300 mm precipitation than in regions with <100 mm. Yields were the highest when mean temperatures during wheat growth stage were in the range 4–8 °C. Mean yields were 1756 kg ha–1 in regions with <200 mm evapotranspiration (ET), and 5544 kg ha–1 in regions with >600 mm ET. Water limitation on yields decreased from the 1950s to the 2010s as precipitation during wheat growth stage increased through the regions. Yield increased significantly and linearly over time during the study period, with increasing precipitation during wheat growth stage, and with increasing ET. Overall, yield loss resulting from water deficit decreased from the 1950s through to the 2010s as precipitation during wheat growth stage increased through the drylands of northern Chinese areas.
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Miegroet, Helga Van, Dale W. Johnson, and Donald E. Todd. "Foliar response of red spruce saplings to fertilization with Ca and Mg in the Great Smoky Mountains National Park." Canadian Journal of Forest Research 23, no. 1 (January 1, 1993): 89–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/x93-014.

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The objective of this field study was to test whether Ca and (or) Mg was deficient in two red spruce (Picearubens Sarg.) sites located at 1720 and 1950 m in elevation in the Great Smoky Mountains National Park near Clingmans Dome, North Carolina. Initial current needle Ca and Mg concentrations were, respectively, 1700 and 620 μg/g at the upper site, and 1940 and 670 μg/g at the lower site, suggesting poorer nutrient conditions at the upper site. Twenty-eight saplings at each site stratified by height were involved in an individual-tree fertilization trial. Within each stratum four treatments were applied randomly: (i) no fertilization, (ii) 200 kg/ha Ca as CaCl2, (iii) 100 kg/ha Mg as MgCl2, and (iv) 200 kg/ha Ca as CaCl2 plus 100 kg/ha Mg as MgCl2. Fertilizer was applied in April 1989 and 1990, and needles that subsequently formed in the 1989 and 1990 growing seasons were sampled in November 1989 and 1990, respectively. Post-fertilization nutrient concentrations, needle weights, and nutrient contents were compared through analysis of covariance with the pre-treatment needle weight as covariate. Vector analysis suggested an improvement in Ca nutrition and potential growth response with Ca and Ca + Mg fertilization at the upper site in the 1st year but not at the lower site. Neither site appeared to be Mg deficient. Magnesium fertilization had an antagonistic effect on Ca uptake at both sites, whereas Ca addition seemed to improve Mg uptake. Our study suggests that foliar Mg concentrations of 600 μg/g are well within the sufficiency range, but that red spruce saplings may experience incipient Ca deficiency in the field when Ca concentrations in the current needles are <1700 μg/g.
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Jain, Ashish R. "Articulators through the Years Revisited: From 1700 to 1900—Part I." World Journal of Dentistry 6, no. 4 (2015): 222–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.5005/jp-journals-10015-1347.

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ABSTRACT Many articles in the dental literature pertaining to articulators deal with the theory and development of articulating instruments, directions for use, explanations of deficiencies and methods recommended for overcoming them, detailed mechanical interpretations of the instruments, and various systems of classification. There have been a series of articulators that have been introduced if we glance at the past; the numbers are many and the dentist becomes confused as to which one to choose. This article which will be published in four parts, provides a pictorial history of the articulators in the collection. How to cite this article Jain AR. Articulators through the Years Revisited: From 1700 to 1900—Part I. World J Dent 2015;6(4):222-225.
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Sciti, Diletta, Laura Silvestroni, and Alida Bellosi. "Fabrication and properties of HfB2–MoSi2 composites produced by hot pressing and spark plasma sintering." Journal of Materials Research 21, no. 6 (June 1, 2006): 1460–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/jmr.2006.0180.

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HfB2–15 vol% MoSi2 composites were produced from powder mixtures and densified through different techniques, namely hot pressing and spark plasma sintering. Dense materials were obtained at 1900 °C by hot pressing and at 1750 °C by spark plasma sintering. Microstructure and mechanical properties were compared. The most relevant result was for high-temperature strength: independent of the processing technique, the flexural strength in air at 1500 °C was higher than 500 MPa.
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Manley, Donald G., and Mark A. Deyrup. "NOTES ON THE BIOLOGY OF DASYMUTILLA PYRRHUS (FOX) (HYMENOPTERA: MUTILLIDAE)1." Journal of Entomological Science 24, no. 1 (January 1, 1989): 53–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.18474/0749-8004-24.1.53.

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Dasymutilla pyrrhus (Fox) is a common species of Mutillidae at the Archbold Biological Station (Highlands Co., Florida). It is most active in the late morning (1100 - 1200) and late afternoon (1700 - 1900), especially the latter. Male activity occurs from May through July; female activity from late April through early October. Its probable hosts at this location are bembicine wasps, especially Bembix sayi Cresson and B. texana Cresson. An apparent mating was observed and is described; the entire sequence lasted about two minutes.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "1750 through 1950"

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Holden, Andrew James. "Letting the Wolf through the door : public morality, politics and "permissive" reform under the Wilson Governments, 1964-1970." Thesis, Queen Mary, University of London, 2000. http://qmro.qmul.ac.uk/xmlui/handle/123456789/1740.

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The thesis presents an analysis of the process by which the Wolfenden tstrategy' of separating sin from the ambit of the criminal law translated into legislative change under a Labour Government wedded to a broad philosophy of legal and social reform. It examines in turn the reform of the laws governing homosexuality, abortion, theatre censorship and divorce, which were passed during the first Wilson administration, and the attempts to reform the laws governing Sunday entertainments. It is based on extensive archival research including much previously unused material, and analyses the key influences on the reform process - the Cabinet, Whitehall, the Labour Party, MPs, the House of Lords, the Churches, the press, pressure groups and public opinion - to establish their attitudes and influence on the debates. The thesis begins with a reassessment of the continuing debate about isp ermissiveness" and, the significance of "permissive" reform in the historiography of the 1960s and the Wilson Governments. It then examines the underlying causes of evolving social and moral attitudes in post-war Britain, particularly secularisation, the disruption of the Second World War and increasing economic affluence form the mid-1 950s onwards. Chapters three to seven look at each reform, or "Conscience Bill" as they were termed in Whitehall, including a comparison with their treatment by the preceding Conservative administration, particularly after the publication of the Wolfenden Report. 4 5 Chapter 8 analyses the relationship between the Government, publicly neutral but privately sympathetic on the issues involved, and the tortuous procedures which Private Members' Bills faced in becoming law, even in such a hospitable atmosphere.
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Books on the topic "1750 through 1950"

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Fredrick, John Spencer. American history as seen through the eyes of the Fedrick family, 1700-1900. Dallas, Tex: J.S. Fredrick, 2010.

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Schwab, Arnold T. Canadian poets: Vital facts on English-writing poets born from 1730 through 1910. Halifax, N.S: Dalhousie University, School of Library and Information Studies, 1989.

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Ackerman, Evelyn. Dolls in miniature: A portrayal of society through tiny dolls, their fashions, and environments, 1700-1930. [Annapolis, Md.]: Gold Horse Pub., 1991.

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New England literary culture from revolution through renaissance. Cambridge [Cambridgeshire]: Cambridge University Press, 1986.

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Pennsylvania. The Administrative Code of 1929: Act of April 9, 1929 (P.L. 177, no. 175) with amendments through July 1989 : including the Commonwealth Attorneys Act : Act of October 15, 1980 (P.L. 950, no. 164) with amendments through July 1989. [Harrisburg: Senate of Pennsylvania], 1989.

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United States. Congress. Senate. Committee on Environment and Public Works. Oil Spill Prevention and Response Improvement Act: Hearings before the Committee on Environment and Public Works, United States Senate, One Hundred Fourth Congress, second session on S. 1730, a bill to amend the Oil Pollution Act of 1990 to make the act more effective in preventing oil pollution in the nation's waters through enhanced prevention of, and improved response to oil spills, and to ensure that citizens and communities injured by oil spills are promptly and fully compensated, and for other purposes, February 14, 1996--Narragansett, RI; March 27 and June 4, 1996--Washington, DC. Washington: U.S. G.P.O., 1996.

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Taylor, David, and Fiona Reynoldson. Britain 1750-1900 (Living Through History). Heinemann Educational Publishers, 1998.

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Kelly, Nigel. Britain 1750-1900 (Living Through History). Heinemann Educational Secondary Division, 1998.

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Taylor, David. Britain 1750-1900 (Living Through History). Heinemann Educational Publishers, 1998.

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Shuter, Jane, Nigel Kelly, and Rosemary Rees. Britain 1750-1900 (Living Through History). Heinemann Educational Books - Library Division, 1998.

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Book chapters on the topic "1750 through 1950"

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Moffat, Luke. "Anticipating New Materialisms Through Schelling’s Speculative Physics." In Anticipatory Materialisms in Literature and Philosophy, 1790–1930, 61–76. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-29817-3_4.

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Cox, Octavia. "Historicising Keats’ Opium Imagery Through Neoclassical Medical and Literary Discourses." In Psychopharmacology in British Literature and Culture, 1780–1900, 23–46. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-53598-8_2.

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"Historical Changes in Large River Fish Assemblages of the Americas." In Historical Changes in Large River Fish Assemblages of the Americas, edited by James R. Gammon. American Fisheries Society, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.47886/9781888569728.ch19.

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<em>Abstract.</em>—The present ichthyofauna (1965–2001) of the Wabash River system is compared to that of three periods: presettlement through 1820, 1875–1900, and 1940– 1950. This second largest Ohio River tributary flows freely for 350 mi. However, its environment and watershed have been altered greatly from presettlement times; twothirds has been converted to agriculture, eliminating all prairies and most forests and wetlands. Canals, large and small dams, channelization, and effluents have extinguished 12 fish species, diminished some, and favored others. Thirteen of approximately 175 species are recent, including 3 aliens. Better municipal and industrial waste treatment has improved water quality, but excessive agricultural runoff remains detrimental to many fishes. Degraded habitats exacerbate these problems. Many sensitive species are today either absent or severely reduced in distribution and abundance compared to 50 years ago. Smallmouth bass <em>Micropterus dolomieu </em>has been replaced by largemouth bass <em>M. salmoides </em>or spotted bass <em>M. punctulatus, </em>and few visual piscivores occur except near reservoirs.
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"Historical Changes in Large River Fish Assemblages of the Americas." In Historical Changes in Large River Fish Assemblages of the Americas, edited by James R. Gammon. American Fisheries Society, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.47886/9781888569728.ch19.

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<em>Abstract.</em>—The present ichthyofauna (1965–2001) of the Wabash River system is compared to that of three periods: presettlement through 1820, 1875–1900, and 1940– 1950. This second largest Ohio River tributary flows freely for 350 mi. However, its environment and watershed have been altered greatly from presettlement times; twothirds has been converted to agriculture, eliminating all prairies and most forests and wetlands. Canals, large and small dams, channelization, and effluents have extinguished 12 fish species, diminished some, and favored others. Thirteen of approximately 175 species are recent, including 3 aliens. Better municipal and industrial waste treatment has improved water quality, but excessive agricultural runoff remains detrimental to many fishes. Degraded habitats exacerbate these problems. Many sensitive species are today either absent or severely reduced in distribution and abundance compared to 50 years ago. Smallmouth bass <em>Micropterus dolomieu </em>has been replaced by largemouth bass <em>M. salmoides </em>or spotted bass <em>M. punctulatus, </em>and few visual piscivores occur except near reservoirs.
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"Ritter’s Musical Blood Flow Through Hoffmann’s Kreisler." In The Early History of Embodied Cognition 1740-1920, 144–62. Brill | Rodopi, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/9789004309036_007.

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Loewenthal, Naftali. "Habad Approaches to Contemplative Prayer, 1790-1920." In Hasidism Reappraised, 288–300. Liverpool University Press, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.3828/liverpool/9781874774204.003.0017.

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This chapter explores the dialectic implicit in popularizing a contemplative approach to prayer. A system of contemplation suitable for an élite group of men of stature may well need modification before it can be applied by a wider echelon of society. In fact, it would seem that R. Dov Ber felt that his initial guidance on the contemplative process was being misinterpreted; people were reaching too high. In consequence, he felt compelled to restrain the majority of his followers from the intense mode of contemplation that he had originally advocated in his works. Later leaders of Habad continued the attempt to introduce deep and lengthy contemplation to the members of the fraternity. This was achieved with a surprising degree of success by R. Shalom Dovber, known as the Rashab, of the fifth generation of Habad leaders. At the beginning of the twentieth century, he taught the art of intense contemplation to the youthful pupils in his Tomekhei Temimim yeshivah, and one is left with the impression that the Habad contemplative ideal was realized to a greater extent around 1914 than a century earlier. This phenomenon seems to defy the principle of yeridat hadorot (decline through the generations) that is assumed by scholars and by hasidim themselves.
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ní Fhlathúin, Máire. "From Narrative of a Journey through the Upper Provinces of India, from Calcutta to Bombay, 1824–1825, (with Notes upon Ceylon,) an Account of a Journey to Madras and the Southern Provinces, 1826, and Letters Written in India, by the late Right Rev. Reginald Heber, D. D., Lord Bishop of Calcutta (London: John Murray, 1828)." In The Poetry of British India, 1780–1905, 273–76. Routledge, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780429348525-63.

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Sripati, Vijayashri. "The Western Liberal Constitution’s Internationalized Making Sires Foreign Territorial Administration." In Constitution-Making under UN Auspices, 80–98. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199498024.003.0002.

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This is the first and the shorter of two chapters that establishes United Nations Constitutional Assistance’s (UNCA) historical background. UNCA equates to the internationalization of the Western liberal Constitution which provides a blue print for territorial administration. This chapter, therefore, provides the historical context in which the Constitution’s conceptual ties with territorial administration were forged. It establishes that from 1700-1960, Western colonial powers imposed the Constitution to establish foreign territorial administration to achieve common ends: free markets, rule of law, good governance, and civilized practices. In this way, Colonial powers colonized Third World peoples, ostensibly acting as trustees to ‘civilize’ them. This sets the stage for tracing UNCA’s origins non-chronologically (in the next chapter) through Ralph Wilde’s Family of Foreign Territorial Administration (FTA) policy institutions, of which Colonialism is the first.
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Hickmott, Sarah. "Midwives and Madams: Mus(e)ic, Mediation and Badiou’s ‘Universal’ Subject." In Music, Philosophy and Gender in Nancy, Lacoue-Labarthe, Badiou, 126–82. Edinburgh University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/edinburgh/9781474458313.003.0005.

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The focus of this chapter is largely on Badiou’s delimitation of what counts as music: he insists on an a priori commitment to an understanding of music that locates its essence (or more accurately for Badiou, its ‘truth’) not in its sounding, the experience of listening or playing, or in its effects, but only in its formal procedures – a move that derives from a specific historical construction of music which makes the actual happening of music (whether live, recorded, imagined, etc.) irrelevant to philosophy. As a result, Badiou’s playlist of musical ‘truths’ runs from the architectonic innovations of Haydn and sonata form at the end of the c18th through to the post-tonal continuation of Schoenberg’s legacy: truth, musically speaking, exists in Europe between about 1780 and 1950. Consequently, this chapter argues that it is more specific than simply validating the musical products of elite Western culture; it is specifically limited to those produced under the ideology of ‘absolute music’. Finally, though Badiou never identifies music with any feminine essence, the chapter traces the subterranean misogyny embedded in his philosophy of ‘truth’, and argues that his musical – and broader – thinking remains problematic from a feminist perspective.
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Bryant, Jan. "Benjamin’s Challenge for the Twenty-first Century." In Artmaking in the Age of Global Capitalism, 12–16. Edinburgh University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/edinburgh/9781474456944.003.0002.

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The 19th Biennale of Sydney, discussed in the last chapter, is a case study that reveals the way contemporary western governments are increasingly closing down public criticism. The tendency is to raise opaque screens over controversial actions, and to use financial retaliation as a method for keeping artists’ protests inside exhibiting contexts. This chapter looks at political theorists who write about the re-emergence of forms of authoritarianism, beginning with Nicos Poulantzas who argued as early as 1970 that a new form of fascism was materialising, and Michel Foucault’s warning that we each need to check our own fascist tendencies, no matter how private or small the context. More recent comments by Judith Butler and Madeline Albright insist on the danger of this burgeoning trend and the urgent need to fight it. Through the writings of Ronald F. Inglehart and Pippa Norris, this chapter also describes right populism as a prominent feature of western democracies, and the way concerns from climate change to human rights divide today along ideological, partisan lines. [170]
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Conference papers on the topic "1750 through 1950"

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Caballero, Andrés. "V. Eusa’s Intervention in the 2nd Expansion of Pamplona: The artistic transformation of a technical model." In 24th ISUF 2017 - City and Territory in the Globalization Age. Valencia: Universitat Politècnica València, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/isuf2017.2017.5996.

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V. Eusa’s Intervention in the 2nd Expansion of Pamplona: The artistic transformation of a technical model. Andrés Caballero Lobera Departamento de Arquitectura. Escuela Técnica Superior de Arquitectura de San Sebastián. Universidad del País Vasco (UPV/EHU) Pza. Oñati, 2, 20018 Donostia. E-mail: ander.caballero@ehu.eus Keywords (3-5): Eusa; Pamplona; Ensanche; Sitte; Propileos. Conference topics: City transformations.It is inevitable to be disappointed when we consciously compare today’s city with yesterday’s. Territorial occupancy was an arduous task which confronted man and nature. It was a collective act, the cultural manifestation of a society that aspired to artistically represent itself in the cities it built, both in buildings and public spaces. The city of the past, so conceived, successfully raised through time, and even today we can appreciate, in the human affection it brings about, the plastic value of its buildings and the ambient quality of its public spaces. Currently the contemporary city is just incapable of meeting a profound spiritual demand if it does not pursues a practical goal. In the Ensanche, one of its most renowned examples, the idea of the city imposes a restriction to the artistic or monumental value of the historic city in favour of a technical efficiency that facilitates the economic and administrative management of the new city. The unidentified reticular mesh so characteristic of the urban morphology of the Ensanche evinces the distortion of the hippodamian model which in past ages and also throughout time probed its validity to provide magnificent examples of cities thought and built also from artistic principles. In the late example of the 2nd Ensanche of Pamplona, we attend to the solitary labour of an architect such as Victor Eusa Razquin, who knew how to transform with his buildings the “technical” uniformity of the Ensanche by transforming, qualifying and enriching it with the incrustation of architectural episodes of elevated artistic value. References COLLINS, George R. y Christiane C. Camillo Sitte y el nacimiento del urbanismo moderno. Barcelona: Editorial Gustavo Gili, 1980. LYNCH, Kevin. La imagen de la ciudad. Barcelona: Gustavo Gili, 1998. ORDEIG CORSINI, José María. Diseño y normativa en la ordenación urbana de Pamplona (1770-1960). Pamplona: Dpto. de Educación y Cultura. Dirección General de Cultura - Institución Príncipe de Viana, 1992. SICA, Paolo. Historia del urbanismo, siglo XIX. Madrid: I.E.A.L. 1981. SITTE, Camilo. “Introduction” en, L’art de batir les villes. L’urbanisme selon ses fondements artistiques. Paris: Livre et communication, 1990.
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Pillsbury, Paul W., and Richard V. Garland. "Feasibility Test of a Low Emissions Topping Combustor for Fluidized Bed Applications." In ASME 1987 International Gas Turbine Conference and Exhibition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/87-gt-272.

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Combined cycles utilizing fluidized bed combustors, whether they be atmospheric or pressurized, are temperature limited. In order to capture sulfur effectively, bed operating temperature and, therefore, the gas turbine inlet temperature is limited to about 1600°F (1144 K) (Makanski and Schweiger, 1982) in atmospheric beds, and about 1700°F (1200 K) in pressurized beds as reported in DOE/METC/SP-185 (1980). In some applications, material limitations also come into play. While these systems show encouraging economics, they can be enhanced substantially by increasing the turbine inlet temperature. An atmospheric fluidized bed (AFB) example is discussed in this paper. The addition of a topping combustor, thereby increasing the turbine inlet temperature in fluidized bed combined cycles, provides the means for increasing power output which enhances plant economics. Although emissions control and maintaining acceptable wall temperatures are achieved through the application of the multi-annular swirl burner, the design of such a combustor requires careful consideration of cooling and combustion because of the inherently higher cooling air and combustion air temperatures.
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Fatouh, M. "Experimental Investigation of a Pilot Compression Chiller With Alternatives Refrigerants R401a and R134a." In ASME 2005 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2005-80496.

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This paper reports the results of an experimental investigation on a pilot compression chiller (4 kW cooling capacity) working with R401a and R134a as R12 alternatives. Experiments are conducted on a single-stage vapor compression refrigeration system using water as a secondary working fluid through both evaporator and condenser. Influences of cooling water mass flow rate (170–1900 kg/h), cooling water inlet temperature (27–43°C) and chilled water mass flow rate (240–1150 kg/h) on performance characteristics of chillers are evaluated for R401a, R134a and R12. Increasing cooling water mass flow rate or decreasing its inlet temperature causes the operating pressures and electric input power to reduce while the cooling capacity and coefficient of performance (COP) to increase. Pressure ratio is inversely proportional while actual loads and COP are directly proportional to chilled water mass flow rate. The effect of cooling water inlet temperature, on the system performance, is more significant than the effects of cooling and chilled water mass flow rates. Comparison between R12, R134a and R401a under identical operating conditions revealed that R401a can be used as a drop-in refrigerant to replace R12 in water-cooled chillers.
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Stefanini, L., and F. J. Blom. "Probabilistic Leak Before Break." In ASME 2018 Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2018-84056.

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In this study a probabilistic Leak-Before-Break (LBB) analysis was carried out based on the R6 FAD Option 1 assessment method. The method uses the material fracture toughness and yield stress in order to determine, deterministically, a Critical Crack Length (CCL) and a Leakage Rate (LR) through a crack. In order to define the fracture toughness of the material, the Master Curve approach was used accordingly to BS7910:2013 Annex J. Initially, deterministic analyses were carried out and the fracture toughness and yield stress were set to 190 MPa√m and 158 MPa, respectively. In order to implement a probabilistic approach, the yield stress and fracture toughness were introduced as stochastic parameter. The Fracture toughness was generated using a Weibull distribution to match the Master Curve. The distribution was built such that 190 MPa√m represents the 5% probability fracture toughness. The Yield stress (0.2% proof strength) was generated using a normal distribution with standard deviation 10.35 MPa such that the average value was 175 MPa and the lower bound (5% of probability of occurrence) was 158 MPa. The choice of building the distribution as above mentioned was justified by the fact that in structural integrity assessment the lower 5% is generally used for material parameters. Thus, once a Detectable Leakage Rate (DLR) was determined, it was possible to assign an implicit probability of failure to the deterministic case. The calculations were then extended by using several LR formulas. The calculations were carried out making use of the probabilistic software RAP++ coupled to MATLAB. The probabilities of failure were calculated with regard to a postulated DLR and a DLRSF corrected with a safety factor of 10. The probabilities of failure for the DLRSF were proved to be 9 to 15 times higher than for the postulated DLR case, which leads to the opportunity of conservatism reduction.
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Jadhav, Tushar, Stefano Orsino, Saurabh Patwardhan, and Pravin Nakod. "Mode Shapes and Dominant Frequency Predictions in a Swirl Stabilized Premixed Air-Methane Combustor Using Modal Analysis and Large Eddy Simulations (LES)." In ASME Turbo Expo 2017: Turbomachinery Technical Conference and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2017-65125.

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Stringent emission regulations force the gas turbine combustor community to come up with new designs. Lean Premixed (LPM) combustion is gaining popularity to meet the emission regulations. However, lean combustion process is prone to other issues like combustion instabilities and noise. Self-excited combustion instabilities in a gas turbine play vital role in the life cycle of combustor, noise generation and pollutant formation. If the instabilities in combustor dominate at natural modes, there are risks of resonance which can lead to bursting damage to the combustors. In the present work, modal analysis is carried out to predict the longitudinal and the transverse modes in a swirl-stabilized premixed methane-air combustor. The geometrical details and the boundary conditions used in this work are described in Broda et al. [1]. In addition to the modal analysis, Large Eddy Simulations (LES) with Flamelet Generation Manifold (FGM) combustion model are carried out to find out the instabilities and their sources. In the large eddy simulation, at the inlet of the combustor, a broadband impedance boundary condition is used. This will consider the effect of upstream travelling acoustic waves at the inlet. The outlet of combustor is specified with non-reflecting boundary condition. The inlet mass flow rate and the temperature conditions are consistent with Broda et al. [1]. The longitudinal and transverse modes predicted by the modal analysis and the dominant frequency predicted in the LES case are compared with the experimentally observed values. The predicted first longitudinal mode at ∼1760 Hz compares well with the experimental value of 1760 Hz. Predicted values of first and second tangential modes at 10459 Hz and 17344 Hz are also in good agreement with the experimental measurement. The dominant frequency predicted by the LES simulation is 1940 Hz. After applying the appropriate correction to this value for the wall heat transfer effect, it is in-line with that obtained from the modal analysis and the experiments. The spectral analysis at different probe location in LES simulation shows higher thermo-acoustic coupling at natural frequencies. In this work, the effect of variation in inlet swirl number and the temperature is also studies. The predicted trends in the change in dominant frequency with the increase in inlet swirl number and inlet temperature are captured accurately. For each condition, calculations were performed for about four flow-through times (around 12 ms) after the flow field had reached to its limit cycle to obtain statistically steady condition.
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Wang, Jianhua, Jiaqi Zhang, Lili Yan, Rongchao Cheng, Xiaoxiao Ni, and Haijun Yang. "Prevent Barite Static Sag of Oil-Based Completion Fluid in Ultra-Deep Wells." In International Petroleum Technology Conference. IPTC, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2523/iptc-21282-ms.

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Abstract Oil-based mud (OBM) is the first choice for complex deep wells due to its advantages of high-temperature resistance, good lubrication and borehole stability. But barite sagging under ultra-high temperature during the long-time stationary completion operation may lead to serious problems in ultra-deep wells, for instance, pipe sticking, density variation and well control problems. In this paper, the influence of high-temperature and high-pressure (HTHP) on the performance of oil-based completion fluid was studied, and a model of rheological parameters was established with HTHP static sag law. The barite sagging stability was evaluated by a high temperature (220°C) and high pressure (100MPa) sag instrument. The results indicated that RM6 value and static shearing force were the main factors of affecting the settlement stability. The viscosity of the completion fluid significantly decreased with the increase of temperature, but increased with the increase of pressure. In addition, the relationship was also studied between HTHP rheology and atmospheric pressure rheology at 50°C. The results showed that when RM6 value was kept above 10, the sag stability factor (SF) of oil-based completion fluid was less than 0.52 at 190°C for 10 days, which proved a good high-temperature sag stability. Furthermore, the anti-high temperature property of oil-based completion fluid was improved through enhancing the temperature-resistance of the additives. And the high-temperature-resistant organic soil was introduced to raise the RM6 value and the static shearing force. Based on these solutions, the barite sag under high temperature of the oil-based completion fluid was prevented during drilling and completion operation in ultra-high temperature wells. The oil-based completion fluid was successfully used in Well Keshen 17 (175°C,7475 m) in Kuche piedmont structure and TT 1 well (210°C,6500 m) in Sichuan basin. The casing run smoothly, the oil-test operation was completed smoothly for 15 days, and no barite sag happened. It testified that the oil-based completion fluid had excellent of high-temperature sag stability. Therefore, this oil-based completion fluid is expected to be used widely in ultra-deep wells.
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Khattak, Ikhlaq, and Mirza Jamil Yousaf. "Design of Hydrogen Fuel Cell Autorickshaw." In ASME 2006 4th International Conference on Fuel Cell Science, Engineering and Technology. ASMEDC, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/fuelcell2006-97249.

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In Asia there are less private cars, but there is a high proportion of 2-stroke engines in scooters, motorcycles, auto-rickshaws (Tuk-Tuks), all running on petrol-oil mixtures with levels of hydrocarbon emissions (from partially burnt fuel and oil) well in excess of levels permitted in the USA and Europe. Worldwide Rickshaw/scooter/motorcycle type engine production is estimated at 17 million per year. According to National Transport Research Center (NTRC), the total population of registered (all types) motor vehicles in Pakistan in year 2000 was 4.224 million, out of which more than half of the population is (2.206 million) two wheelers or three wheelers (motorcycle/scooter/auto rickshaw). Almost all auto rickshaws have two stroke power packs and also 60% of motorcycle/scooters are of the same category. Pakistan is a very densely populated developing country, with very loose environment protection rules, which are practically unregulated due to large financial implications. This scenario leads to adverse air quality conditions especially in large cities of the country where the main contributory factors are vehicular traffic, that too, two stroke vehicles Industry, diesel-powered vehicles, and the omnipresent three-wheeled, two-stroke rickshaws all contribute to the extremely dirty air. Taxi/car use is increasing, but rickshaws have the advantage of being able to swarm through the congested car traffic in cities. This explains the over .6 million motorcycles/scooters/rickshaws currently in Pakistan, of which approximately 20% are two stroke Auto-rickshaws of 175 cc. Pakistan’s vehicle fleet has a growth rate of 8.0% (1990–99). The purpose of this study is to examine a particular application of fuel cell technology “The Auto Rickshaws”. They are small three-wheeled vehicles that can carry three people. Due to their small size and low price, rickshaws have traditionally been powered by high power density two-stroke internal combustion engines. Two-stroke engines produce a great deal of pollution and are an object of concern in many Asian countries. Severe pollution from two-stroke engines is a significant driver for cleaner technology. Thus, the target of this study is the Asian urban commuter, since a rickshaw is largely used in many Asian cities and contributes directly to air pollution in major crowded cities of Pakistan also. Countries like China, India, Bangladesh, Taiwan and Pakistan [1] are facing dramatic growth rates in two-stroke vehicle population as bicycle rickshaws are being replaced, so, low-powered but clean rickshaws would be a major step in providing mobility without compromising urban air quality.
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Woodward, Kelsey, Annalee Ellis, Jenni Teeters, and Matthew Woodward. "Examining Associations Between Trauma Exposure and Cannabis Use Frequency, Quantity, Duration, and Age of Onset." In 2020 Virtual Scientific Meeting of the Research Society on Marijuana. Research Society on Marijuana, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.26828/cannabis.2021.01.000.39.

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Prior research has identified an association between trauma exposure and cannabis use, such that a history of trauma exposure is associated with greater likelihood of lifetime cannabis use. However, little research has expanded upon this association, making it unclear whether trauma exposure is associated with cannabis use outcomes beyond lifetime history of use. Given that heavy cannabis use and trauma exposure are risk factors for a number of deleterious outcomes, it is important to further examine the influence of trauma exposure on cannabis use. The purpose of the current study was to further explore this relationship by examining associations between trauma exposure and various indices of cannabis use. Participants included a sample of 722 female undergraduates at least 18 years or older (M = 19.0) who were recruited through a campus-wide online study pool. Participants completed measures on trauma exposure (calculated as number of traumas experienced), cannabis use (i.e., Daily Sessions, Frequency, Age of Onset, and Quantity of Cannabis Use [DFAQ-CU]; Cutler & Spradlin, 2017), and mental health symptoms. Specific indices of cannabis use were lifetime history of cannabis use, age of onset of cannabis use, current frequency of use, current quantity of use (in grams), and length of use. Logistic regression analyses and correlations were used to explore the associations between trauma and cannabis use variables. Subsequent analyses were conducted controlling for posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms to determine whether relationships between trauma exposure and cannabis use remained after accounting for PTSD symptoms. Thirty-seven percent (n = 266) of the sample indicated a lifetime history of cannabis use. Similar to previous research, greater trauma exposure was significantly associated with a greater likelihood of a lifetime history of cannabis use (OR = 1.14, p < .001). Additionally, number of traumas experienced and age of onset of cannabis use were significantly negatively correlated, r(262) = -.16, p < .01, indicating that greater trauma exposure was associated with earlier onset of use. Number of traumas experienced was positively correlated with duration of cannabis use, r(236)=.14, p = .03, indicating greater trauma exposure was associated with greater duration of use. Number of traumas experienced was also positively correlated with quantity of cannabis use, r(175)=.20, p < .01, showing that greater trauma exposure was associated with higher amounts of cannabis used. These associations remained significant even after controlling for PTSD symptoms. Frequency of cannabis use was not significantly correlated with trauma exposure, r(266) = -.01, p = .82. The results of the present study indicate that trauma exposure is associated with a range of indices of cannabis use beyond lifetime history of use, even after accounting for the influence of PTSD. These findings highlight the importance of extending examination of trauma and cannabis beyond frequency of use. Although trauma exposure may serve as a risk factor for elevated cannabis use, it is also possible that cannabis use may increase the risk of trauma exposure. Future studies should explore these associations longitudinally as well as examine the mechanisms that link these outcomes together.
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