Academic literature on the topic '1774-1792 (Louis XVI)'

Il faut voir dans le procès de Louis XVI un acte de justice politique. Le roi fut effectivement jugé mais son procès fut adapté à la nature politique de l'affaire qui fut, par ailleurs, le théâtre d'affrontements partisans entre la Gironde et la Montagne. Les montagnards l'emportèrent finalement : à l'issue de ce jugement, les girondins n'étaient plus majoritaires au sein de l'assemblée. Mais surtout, le procès et l'execution du roi portèrent un coup fatal à l'absolutisme de droit divin.

Comment s'organiser pour influencer les décisions du monarque absolu? À travers l'étude du «parti dévot », ce travail analyse la mutation d’une forme de parti à la Cour de France. Sous le règne de Louis XIV et dans la première moitié de celui de Louis XV, le « parti dévot » était une faction (forme de parti structuré autour de familles et d'amitiés héréditaires). Il défendait le catholicisme d'Etat, dans la lignée du cardinal de Richelieu. Parlementaires, l'avènement des Lumières et l'émergence de l'individu bouleversèrent le «parti dévot », qui devint un proto-parti absolutiste et antiparlementaire. La prise de parti ne dépendait plus des fidélités sociales, mais des idées défendues par des individus. Cependant, l’usure du pouvoir et les querelles internes provoquèrent la dissolution du proto-parti, sous Louis XVI<br>How did people influence the decisions of the absolute King? This work analyses the mutation of the "devout party" configuration at the Court of France, under King Louis XIV, King Louis XV and King Louis XVI. The first part of this thesis shows that the "devout party" represented a royal catholic faction in the XVII century and at the beginning of the XVIII century. This kind of organized party was based on patronages and families that defended State Catholicism ideas in the same vein as cardinal de Richelieu. A second part deals with the change of the royal catholic faction into a proto-party which was supporting absolutism against Parliaments. Progressively, people entering this party were mostly defending ideas rather than being loyal ta social conventions. Since 1769, the "devout party" was confronted in the government to the wearing down of the power and to internal quarrel. At the beginning of 1780, the "devout party" had lost its political weight

L'histoire du 5e Régiment de Hussards, de sa création dans les dernières années de l'Ancien Régime à la fin des Cent Jours, permet d'étudier sa composition sociale et l'évolution de son recrutement, de connaître le rôle de la cavalerie en général et de la cavalerie légère en particulier dans ses missions de guerre et d'aborder les aléas de l'histoire militaire à travers l'histoire d'une unité. Grâce aux archives du Service Historique de l'Armée de Terre, il est possible de connaître la composition réelle du régiment en utilisant ses registres administratifs : origine géographique, âge, taille, situation sociale, caractéristiques physiques, recrutement, mais aussi les phénomènes liés à la vie militaire de cette époque : insoumission, remplacement militaire, émigration, réaction des officiers et des hussards aux différents changements politiques. L'analyse systématique de tous les dossiers des officiers et cavaliers du 5e Hussards, permet d'étudier, la vie et la mort de ces soldats entre 1783 et 1815 : les grades et les distinctions, la loge maçonnique du régiment, les pertes effectives du fait des campagnes militaires : morts, blessés (causes de la mort, natures des blessures), prisonniers, mais aussi les pertes liées à la vie militaire : les maladies (types de maladies rencontrées), les décès dans les hôpitaux, les duels, la désertion, les réformes, les changements de régiment. Cette recherche aborde aussi toutes les opérations militaires auxquelles le 5e Régiment de Hussards prit part de 1783 à 1815 et la place du régiment dans ces différentes campagnes<br>History of the 5th Hussars, from its creation in the last years of the Old Regime to the end of the Hundred Days, allows to study its social composition and the evolution of its recruitment, to know more about role of cavalry and the light cavalry in particular in its mission of war and to deal with the risks of the military history through the history of a military unit. Tanks to the archives of the “Service Historique de l'Armée de Terre”, it is possible to be acquainted with the real composition of the regiment by using its administrative registers : geographic origin, age, size, social condition, physical characteristics, recruitment, but also phenomena related to military life of the time : insubordination, military replacement, emigration, reaction from the officers and hussars to the various political changes. Systematic analysis of all the files of the officers and riders of the 5th Hussars, allows to study the life, the deaths of these soldiers from 1783 to 1815 : ranks and distinctions, the Masonic lodge of the regiment, losses because of military campaigns (the dead, wounded – the causes of death, nature of wounds), prisoners but also losses related to military life : diseases (type of the disease), deaths in hospitals, duels, desertion, short listed, changes of regiment. This research also tackles all the military operations the 5th Hussars took part into from 1783 to 1815 and the place of the regiment in these various campaigns

This thesis examines the portraiture and patronage of Marie Thérèse Louise de Savoie-Carignan, the princesse de Lamballe (1749-1792). It is the first comprehensive and detailed study to be undertaken of the princess's activities as patron. Lamballe was Marie-Antoinette's longest-serving confidante and Superintendent of the Queen's Household. Through close formal analysis of the portraits combined with careful consideration of the sitter's personal circumstances and the wider cultural and historical context, the thesis challenges scholarly assumptions that the princess had only negligible influence as a sitter and patron. As a case study of an independent, professionally ambitious and childless widow, it identifies a wider range of motives and cultural meanings than has previously been ascribed to female court patronage of this period. The first chapter demonstrates that the early depictions of Lamballe as a docile and grieving princess were largely dictated by her father-in-law, an identity the princess subsequently discarded when she assumed a professional role at court. Chapter two examines portraits executed during the princess's rise to political and social prominence and shows that her attachment to the queen and the length of time she spent in her company and service, together with her publicly visible roles as freemason and salonnière, made her a figure of considerable renown and influence and thereby a highly significant patron at the French court. This was enhanced by the princess's international reputation as a talented amateur artist in her own right and by her financial and social support of aspiring artists and art institutions. The princess's engagement with the cult of sentiment and advocacy of women artists is allied to the sorority encouraged by Marie-Antoinette within the women of her select circle. Complementary chapters on the princess's previously unknown anglophile inclinations (discussed in Chapter three) and her private collections, library, and musical and literary patronage (considered in Chapter four) further reveal that Lamballe was an informed and cultivated female patron who operated at the very centre of Marie-Antoinette's circle.

This chapter discusses the development of skating in the Continent. Skating on bladed skates, as practiced in the Netherlands and England, arrived in France sometime in the eighteenth century. When figure skating did arrive it became a popular winter activity spurred at least in part by acceptance at the court of Louis XVI, who reigned from 1774 to 1792. As in England, an aristocratic society had the financial means and free time to participate in skating at a sophisticated and artistic level. However, the larger French populace was surely sliding on the ice or skating on bone skates as they did in England, and probably had been doing so for centuries. For the French aristocracy, skating became a fashionable pastime, but unlike their English counterparts who put emphasis on methodical technique and precision, the French stressed grace and elegance.