Academic literature on the topic '1821-1840'
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Journal articles on the topic "1821-1840"
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Jung, Carla S., and Marcela L. Monné. "Coraliomela brunnea brunnea: morfologia do adulto e sinonímias (Coleoptera, Chrysomelidae)." Iheringia. Série Zoologia 96, no. 3 (September 30, 2006): 377–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0073-47212006000300015.
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O adulto de Coraliomela brunnea brunnea (Thunberg, 1821) é redescrito e ilustrado incluindo novos caracteres morfológicos. Coraliomela brunnea collaris (Guérin-Méneville, 1840) e C. brunnea nigripes (Guérin-Méneville, 1840) são considerados sinônimos de C. brunnea brunnea.
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عبد السمیع, منصور. "زراعه القطن فی مصر من 1821 - 1840." مجلة بحوث کلیة الآداب . جامعة المنوفیة 15, no. 59 (October 1, 2004): 313–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.21608/sjam.2004.141949.
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Jackson, R. V. "Sickness and Health on Australia's Female Convict Ships, 1821–1840." International Journal of Maritime History 18, no. 2 (December 2006): 65–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/084387140601800204.
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Forsyth, Michael. "El ceremonial republicano y los rituales políticos de la Confederación Perú-Boliviana, 1821-1839." Histórica 47, no. 2 (May 7, 2024): 97–128. http://dx.doi.org/10.18800/historica.202302.003.
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Este artículo aborda la evolución del ceremonial peruano y su relación con los cambiantes contextos políticos desde la independencia hasta el final de la Guerra de restauración dirigida por Agustín Gamarra, para comprender la falta de rituales políticos que caracterizó a la Confederación Perú-Boliviana. Para ello, se han utilizado fuentes primarias como el diario El Peruano y Guías de forasteros entre 1821 y 1840, así como documentos oficiales de la Confederación Perú-Boliviana y la Colección de leyes, decretos y órdenes publicadas en el Perú desde el año de 1821 hasta el 31 de diciembre de 1859. La investigación busca mostrar que el proyecto santacrucino careció de prácticas rituales esenciales para materializarse, pese a la voluntad del gobierno confederal por contar con ellos.
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Chocano, Magdalena. "Visiones y versiones decimonónicas de la Independencia peruana." Histórica 46, no. 1 (October 3, 2022): 53–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.18800/historica.202201.002.
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En este artículo, se examina la construcción de la cronología de la Independencia peruana mediante los calendarios publicados entre 1821 y 1840. También se analiza las perspectivas que desarrollaron sobre la Independencia un elenco de diversos autores: Valdez y Palacios, Pruvonena (Riva Agüero), S. Távara, C. Lissón, S. Lorente, M. F. Paz Soldán, Rodríguez. Sus textos evidencian distintas soluciones a la ambigüedad del proceso independentista y la preocupación por hacerlo calzar en una temporalidad unívoca y continua.
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Niedobová, Jana, František Chládek, and Vladimír Hula. "Grasshoppers (Orthoptera: Caelifera) and crickets (Orthoptera: Ensifera) from slopes of Macošská stráň and Vilémovická stráň (Moravský kras Protected landscape area, Czech Republic)." Acta Universitatis Agriculturae et Silviculturae Mendelianae Brunensis 59, no. 5 (2011): 179–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.11118/actaun201159050179.
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In 2008 we found 21 species of grasshoppers and crickets on Macošská stráň slope and 18 species on Vilémovická stráň slope. Both slopes are located in the northern part of the Moravský kras Protected landscape area and have xerothermic character. Both slopes are influenced by pasture management. For the most comprehensive picture of Orthoptera we used a standard method (sweeping of vegetation) and nonstandard methods (pitfall traps and Möricke yellow cups). Termophilous species of Orthoptera on Macošská stráň (47%) were dominating. On Vilémovická stráň mezophilous species (46%) were dominating. The most common species were Stenobothrus lineatus (Panzer, 1796) on Macošská stráň slope and Chorthippus parallelus (Zetterstedt, 1821), Stenobothrus lineatus, Chorthippus bigutulus (Linné, 1758) and Chorthippus dorsatus (Zetterstedt, 1821) on Vilémovická stráň slope. Rare species of this assemblage were Stenobothrus nigromaculatus (Herrich-Schaffer, 1840) which was on Macošská stráň slope only and Tetrix bipunctata (Linnaeus, 1758) which has much bigger abundances also on Macošská stráň slope.
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Tanck de Estrada, Dorothy. "Innovaciones en la enseñanza de la lectura en el México independiente, 1821-1840." Nueva Revista de Filología Hispánica (NRFH) 38, no. 1 (January 1, 1990): 141–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.24201/nrfh.v38i1.775.
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Bulkeley, Rip. "Pictures from an Antarctic expedition: Mikhailov on the Bellingshausen voyage." Polar Record 49, no. 4 (December 6, 2011): 409–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s003224741100074x.
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ABSTRACTThe artist Pavel Nikolayevich Mikhailov (1786–1840) took part in the Antarctic expedition of the Imperial Russian Navy commanded by Captain F.F. Bellingshausen from 1819 to 1821. The author was invited to view the collection of Mikhailov's work, from two expeditions, that is held at the Russian Museum, St Petersburg. The Bellingshausen pieces in the collection are described, and their relationships to the smaller collection of Mikhailov's work for the Bellingshausen expedition, held at the State Historical Museum in Moscow, to the lithographs in the Atlas volume of Bellingshausen's published narrative, and to the various versions of Mikhailov's images that have been published in the 20th and 21st centuries, are discussed.
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Caron, Edilson, Cibele S. Ribeiro-Costa, and Alfred F. Newton. "Cladistic analysis and revision of Piestus Gravenhorst with remarks on related genera (Coleoptera : Staphylinidae : Piestinae)." Invertebrate Systematics 25, no. 6 (2011): 490. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/is10016.
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Rove beetles of the genus Piestus Gravenhorst, 1806 are commonly captured under the bark of or inside decaying logs from Neotropical forests. Piestus belongs to the subfamily Piestinae, historically an ill-defined dumping-ground for Staphylinidae defined by plesiomorphic characters, but which has gradually been restricted in concept and currently includes only six additional extant genera worldwide. Piestinae in this restricted sense has been considered a probably monophyletic subfamily, but its status and phylogenetic position, as a possible sister-group of Osoriinae within the recently proposed Oxyteline group of staphylinid subfamilies, are uncertain and need confirmation. The main aim of the present study was to provide a morphological cladistic analysis and complete taxonomic revision of Piestus, which, as the type and most speciose genus of Piestinae, is critical for future phylogenetic studies involving the subfamily. In our study, the monophyly of Piestus is established and phylogenetic relationships among its species are proposed based on 70 adult morphological characters. Piestus is supported by 11 synapomorphies and high branch support. All species of Piestus are revised and the genus is redefined. The genus contains 43 species, including 13 species described here for the first time. The previously proposed subgenera Antropiestus Bernhauer, 1917, Eccoptopiestus Scheerpeltz, 1952, Elytropiestus Scheerpeltz, 1952, Lissopiestus Scheerpeltz, 1952, Piestus s. str., Trachypiestus Scheerpeltz, 1952 and Zirophorus Dalman, 1821 have not been confirmed, as they were found to be poly- or paraphyletic, or are here removed from Piestus, and therefore subgenera are not used. The main taxonomic changes are as follows. Lissopiestus, syn. nov. is proposed as new synonym of Eleusis Laporte, 1835 and its species, E. interrupta (Erichson, 1840), comb. rest., is transferred again to that genus. Antropiestus, syn. nov. and Eccoptopiestus, syn. nov. are proposed as new synonyms of Hypotelus Erichson, 1839 and their species, H. laevis (Solsky, 1872), comb. nov. and H. andinus (Bernhauer, 1917), comb. nov., are transferred to Hypotelus. Fourteen new synonymies are proposed (valid species listed first): P. lacordairei Laporte, 1835 = Z. furcatus Sharp, 1887, syn. nov.; P. capricornis Laporte, 1835 = P. frontalis Sharp, 1876, syn. nov.; P. pennicornis Fauvel, 1864 = P. plagiatus Fauvel, 1864, syn. nov.; P. rectus Sharp, 1876, syn. nov.; P. pygialis Fauvel, 1902, syn. nov.; P. surinamensis Bernhauer, 1928, syn. nov.; P. minutus Erichson, 1840 = P. nigrator Fauvel, 1902, syn. nov.; P. sulcatus Gravenhorst, 1806 = P. sanctaecatharinae Bernhauer, 1906, syn. nov.; P. condei Wendeler, 1955, syn. nov.; P. gounellei Fauvel, 1902 = P. wasmanni Fauvel, 1902, syn. nov.; P. mexicanus Laporte, 1835 = P. alternans Sharp, 1887, syn. nov.; P. aper Sharp, 1876 = P. schadei Scheerpeltz, 1952, syn. nov.; P. angularis Fauvel, 1864 = P. crassicornis Sharp, 1887, syn. nov.; H. andinus (Bernhauer, 1917) = P. strigipennis Bernhauer, 1921, syn. nov. One species is revalidated: P. fronticornis (Dalman, 1821), stat. rev., and one synonym is restored: P. penicillatus (Dalman, 1821) = P. erythropus Erichson, 1840, syn. rest. Neotypes are designated for P. lacordairei Laporte, 1835 and Oxytelus bicornis Olivier, 1811, and lectotypes are designated for P. puncticollis Fauvel, 1902, P. capricornis variety muticus Fauvel, 1902, P. zischkai Scheerpeltz, 1951, P. pennicornis Fauvel, 1864, P. plagiatus Fauvel, 1864, P. pygmaeus Laporte, 1835, P. niger Fauvel 1864, P. minutus Erichson, 1840, P. nigratror Fauvel, 1902, P. sulcatus Gravenhorst, 1806, P. sanctaecatharinae Bernhauer, 1906, P. sulcipennis Scheerpeltz, 1952, P. aper Sharp, 1876, P. schadei Scheerpeltz, 1952 and P. andinus Bernhauer, 1917.
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Caron, Edilson, Cibele S. Ribeiro-Costa, and Alfred F. Newton. "Corrigendum to: Cladistic analysis and revision of Piestus Gravenhorst with remarks on related genera (Coleoptera : Staphylinidae : Piestinae)." Invertebrate Systematics 27, no. 1 (2013): 129. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/is10016_co.
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Rove beetles of the genus Piestus Gravenhorst, 1806 are commonly captured under the bark of or inside decaying logs from Neotropical forests. Piestus belongs to the subfamily Piestinae, historically an ill-defined dumping-ground for Staphylinidae defined by plesiomorphic characters, but which has gradually been restricted in concept and currently includes only six additional extant genera worldwide. Piestinae in this restricted sense has been considered a probably monophyletic subfamily, but its status and phylogenetic position, as a possible sister-group of Osoriinae within the recently proposed Oxyteline group of staphylinid subfamilies, are uncertain and need confirmation. The main aim of the present study was to provide a morphological cladistic analysis and complete taxonomic revision of Piestus, which, as the type and most speciose genus of Piestinae, is critical for future phylogenetic studies involving the subfamily. In our study, the monophyly of Piestus is established and phylogenetic relationships among its species are proposed based on 70 adult morphological characters. Piestus is supported by 11 synapomorphies and high branch support. All species of Piestus are revised and the genus is redefined. The genus contains 43 species, including 13 species described here for the first time. The previously proposed subgenera Antropiestus Bernhauer, 1917, Eccoptopiestus Scheerpeltz, 1952, Elytropiestus Scheerpeltz, 1952, Lissopiestus Scheerpeltz, 1952, Piestus s. str., Trachypiestus Scheerpeltz, 1952 and Zirophorus Dalman, 1821 have not been confirmed, as they were found to be poly- or paraphyletic, or are here removed from Piestus, and therefore subgenera are not used. The main taxonomic changes are as follows. Lissopiestus, syn. nov. is proposed as new synonym of Eleusis Laporte, 1835 and its species, E. interrupta (Erichson, 1840), comb. rest., is transferred again to that genus. Antropiestus, syn. nov. and Eccoptopiestus, syn. nov. are proposed as new synonyms of Hypotelus Erichson, 1839 and their species, H. laevis (Solsky, 1872), comb. nov. and H. andinus (Bernhauer, 1917), comb. nov., are transferred to Hypotelus. Fourteen new synonymies are proposed (valid species listed first): P. lacordairei Laporte, 1835 = Z. furcatus Sharp, 1887, syn. nov.; P. capricornis Laporte, 1835 = P. frontalis Sharp, 1876, syn. nov.; P. pennicornis Fauvel, 1864 = P. plagiatus Fauvel, 1864, syn. nov.; P. rectus Sharp, 1876, syn. nov.; P. pygialis Fauvel, 1902, syn. nov.; P. surinamensis Bernhauer, 1928, syn. nov.; P. minutus Erichson, 1840 = P. nigrator Fauvel, 1902, syn. nov.; P. sulcatus Gravenhorst, 1806 = P. sanctaecatharinae Bernhauer, 1906, syn. nov.; P. condei Wendeler, 1955, syn. nov.; P. gounellei Fauvel, 1902 = P. wasmanni Fauvel, 1902, syn. nov.; P. mexicanus Laporte, 1835 = P. alternans Sharp, 1887, syn. nov.; P. aper Sharp, 1876 = P. schadei Scheerpeltz, 1952, syn. nov.; P. angularis Fauvel, 1864 = P. crassicornis Sharp, 1887, syn. nov.; H. andinus (Bernhauer, 1917) = P. strigipennis Bernhauer, 1921, syn. nov. One species is revalidated: P. fronticornis (Dalman, 1821), stat. rev., and one synonym is restored: P. penicillatus (Dalman, 1821) = P. erythropus Erichson, 1840, syn. rest. Neotypes are designated for P. lacordairei Laporte, 1835 and Oxytelus bicornis Olivier, 1811, and lectotypes are designated for P. puncticollis Fauvel, 1902, P. capricornis variety muticus Fauvel, 1902, P. zischkai Scheerpeltz, 1951, P. pennicornis Fauvel, 1864, P. plagiatus Fauvel, 1864, P. pygmaeus Laporte, 1835, P. niger Fauvel 1864, P. minutus Erichson, 1840, P. nigratror Fauvel, 1902, P. sulcatus Gravenhorst, 1806, P. sanctaecatharinae Bernhauer, 1906, P. sulcipennis Scheerpeltz, 1952, P. aper Sharp, 1876, P. schadei Scheerpeltz, 1952 and P. andinus Bernhauer, 1917.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "1821-1840"
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Ali, Shara. "The 'pronunciamiento' in Yucatán : from independence to independence (1821-1840)." Thesis, University of St Andrews, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10023/1693.
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Unique to nineteenth-century Spain and Central America, the pronunciamiento can be interpreted as an act of insubordination against ruling authorities, which included a written document with a list of complaints or demands. The practice was almost always carried out by members of the army, but usually involved heavy participation by political and civilian sectors of society as well. The pronunciamiento more often than not contained a threat of military violence if the grievances of the pronunciados were not listened to; as a result, it carried with it the implicit consequence of armed revolt. The pronunciamiento was responsible for major political changes in early nineteenth-century Mexico and Yucatán, and was also one of the most powerful forces of political and societal destabilisation during this period. Indeed, the pronunciamiento was responsible for the establishment of federalist and centralist systems, changes of constitutions, and constant overthrows of presidents. This was also true on a smaller scale in Yucatán, as the pronunciamiento was not only used to depose governors and administrations, but was the key negotiatory mechanism between the Yucatecan and Mexican administrations; yucatecos resorted to the pronunciamiento to realise their secessions from and reunifications to Mexico throughout the early nineteenth century. The aim of this thesis is to expose the dynamic of the Yucatecan pronunciamiento. It will challenge the present depiction of the pronunciamiento as military exercise of destabilization, and will instead concentrate on exposing it as a highly intricate process of political representation and negotiation, at both local and national levels. This will not only contribute toward a greater understanding of pronunciamiento culture on a local and more general scale, but will also reveal a more comprehensive analysis of the socio-political and economic circumstances of nineteenth-century Yucatán. This in turn will aid in re-defining early nineteenth-century Mexico, questioning its traditional depiction as an age of “chaos”, and instead exposing it as one dominated by political and ideological forces and factions, who used the pronunciamiento to express their beliefs and to negotiate for change.
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Clark, Kyle Christopher. "The Evolution of Ottoman Diplomatic Tactics from 1821 to 1840." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/297542.
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This thesis studies the diplomatic tactics that the Ottoman Empire utilized from 1821 to 1840 and argues that during this period Ottoman officials increased their diplomatic discourse with the European Powers in order to gain entrance into the Concert of Europe. Ottoman diplomatic tactics during this timeframe are then divided into two periods: March 1821 to December 1833 and December 1833 to July 1840. This thesis argues that in the former period the Ottoman Empire’s primary diplomatic tactic was to incite British Russophobia by evincing Russia’s desire for war with the Ottoman Empire. Ottoman officials hoped that British officials would thus be compelled to pressure Russia into preserving peace with the Ottoman Empire in order to maintain peace and the balance of power in Europe. Finally, this thesis argues that in the latter period, due to the earlier failures of Ottoman diplomacy as well as advice received from Great Britain, the Ottoman Empire incorporated promises to reform its government and military into its diplomatic discourse. These promised reforms were designed to convince the European Powers that the Ottoman Empire could be revitalized, and therefore deserved Europe’s official recognition of the Ottoman Empire’s administrative and territorial autonomy.
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Rioton, Coralie. "L'image de la femme maléfique dans "The Scarlet Letter", "Madame Bovary" et "Drammi intimi" chez Hawthorne, Flaubert et Verga." Nice, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001NICE2010.
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Le discours médical, idéologique et bourgeois du XIXe siècle répand l'idée d'une féminité ancrée dans un destin biologique. La femme est présentée uniquement comme un instrument de reproduction. "Féminité" est synonyme d'inexistence, de silence, d'effacement et de nullité. Etudions l'antithèse, le contre-modèle, l'image de la femme maléfique. Elle bouleverse le schémas habituel imposé par les hommes, dérange et franchit les limites interdites. Fille de Satan, femme d'ombre, elle incarne le mal. Elle s'offre comme une créature impudique, un élément perturbateur, un être démoniaque : elle véhicule le mahleur universel. Instrument de damnation, vagin castrateur, gouffre infernal, elle terrifie l'homme. Elle engendre le désastre et la destruction. L'optique masculine témoigne. Dans cette société patriarcale, elle représente le mâle manqué ; atteinte du complexe de virilité, elle exagère son attitude virile; Elle se sent enchaînée ; elle conteste sa position, se révolte et revendique des droits nouveaux : naissance d'une femme nouvelle.
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Thorel-Cailleteau, Sylvie. "Naturalisme et décadence : une approche du roman entre 1857 et 1914." Paris 4, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1991PA040146.
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L'objet de cette thèse est d'élucider les termes d'un rapport entre deux esthétiques généralement tenues pour antinomiques, de cerner l'itinéraire des romanciers qui, tels Huysmans, glissèrent de l'une à l'autre et de comprendre quel devenir du roman se jouait là. Après Flaubert, qui avait porté le roman à un point de non-retour, les médaniens tentèrent de se rapprocher encore de l'idéal du "livre sur rien", et menèrent un travail de déconstruction du genre tout entier. Zola lui-même ne peut inverser ce mouvement ; il détourna le discours scientifique d'alors pour bâtir une esthétique du frontalier et ouvrir encore le champ à de nouvelles expérimentations. Le projet mimétique se double alors d'une nécessaire réflexivité ; la littérature écrasée par son histoire se perçoit comme malade d'elle-même, et en même temps que le roman semblent s'évanouir tous les genres. L'écriture n'a plus désormais affaire qu'à elle-mêmeThe purpose of this thesis is to elucidate the terms of a correlation between two aesthetics usually considered antinomic, to understand the trail of thoughts of novelists,such as Huysmans,who went from one aesthetic to the other,and to examine from then the evolution of the Novel. .
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Aubry, Sophie. "Philosophie amoureuse et destinée de la mal mariée au XIXe siècle." Thesis, McGill University, 2004. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=81478.
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This thesis examines the character of the unhappy bride in three French novels of the 19th century: Le Lys dans la vallee (1836) by Honore de Balzac, Madame Bovary (1857) by Gustave Flaubert and L'Assommoir (1877) by Emile Zola. It compares the heroines' tragic destinies based on the following points: childhood; education; marriage; the philosophy of love and psychology; and escapism and death. We are shown that it is education that leads to the philosophy of love, which is filled with ideas of platonic love, and that unhappy marriages involve compensation. Research by psychoanalyst Karen Horney is applied to the characters found in the novels to explain their deviant behaviour (masochism, bovarism, narcissism, detachment). Each heroine demonstrates a tendency towards the ideal and illusions inherited from romanticism. Their fates are sealed with the failure of their dreams and the victory of reality over fantasy.
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Schmitt, Vanessa Costa e. Silva. "Littérature et histoire des sciences : la médecine dans trois romans français du XIXe siècle." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/55985.
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L’objectif de la présente thèse est d’étudier la médecine (comprise au sens large, c’est-à-dire le monde des malades, de la maladie et des médecins) dans trois romans français du XIXe siècle, à savoir Le Médecin de campagne (1833) d’Honoré de Balzac, Madame Bovary (1857) de Gustave Flaubert et Le Docteur Pascal (1893) d’Émile Zola. Ce travail est divisé en trois grandes parties. La première partie, qui compte cinq chapitres, offre un tableau de l’histoire de la médecine, depuis ses origines jusqu’au dix-neuvième siècle, où sont abordés les méthodes diagnostiques et thérapeutiques, les théories et les pratiques médicales propres à chaque période historique. De même, y sont montrées quelques-unes des maladies qui sévissaient à certaines époques. Les cinq chapitres sont disposés en ordre chronologique, c’est-à-dire d’abord de la préhistoire au Moyen Âge, ensuite du XVIe au XIXe siècle, avec un chapitre par siècle. Dans la deuxième partie, j’examine les catégories professionnelles de la santé du XVIe jusqu’au XIXe siècle. Cet ensemble est, lui aussi, divisé chronologiquement, siècle par siècle, sauf la période comprise par la Révolution Française, le Consulat et l’Empire qui constitue un chapitre à part, comme il est d’usage dans les ouvrages d’histoire de France. Dans ces deux premières parties, mon étude est donc conçue sous une perspective particulière où la médecine et les sciences sont analysées historiquement. La troisième et dernière partie de la thèse a pour objet essentiel d’étudier trois personnages de médecins qui apparaissent dans trois romans de la littérature française du XIXe siècle ; à chacun d’eux correspond un chapitre. Précédant l’examen de ces trois figures fictionnelles, se trouve un chapitre qui s’efforce de fournir une brève synthèse sur les sciences et les techniques au XIXe siècle. La perspective de travail de cette troisième partie est analytique et historique. Le docteur Benassis, médecin de campagne et maire hygiéniste à la veille des années 1830 dans Le Médecin de campagne (1833) d’Honoré de Balzac, est le premier protagoniste examiné. Après une brève présentation de l’intrigue, je commence ce chapitre par une analyse du personnage, avant de montrer sa formation et son quotidien de clinicien, c’est-à-dire son train de vie, ses revenus et sa pratique médicale proprement dite. Puis, j’étudie les travaux hygiénistes de Benassis qui sont accompagnés de mises en contexte sur la France rurale et sur les théories hygiénistes qui prévalent à l’époque. Ensuite, est analysé Charles Bovary, officier de santé dans Madame Bovary (1857) de Gustave Flaubert. Tout au début, il y a une brève présentation de l’intrigue. Je commence l’examen de ce personnage par une courte introduction sur l’officiat de santé. Puis, s’ensuivent la formation médicale de Charles, ses revenus, son train de vie, les disputes corporatives qui apparaissent dans Madame Bovary et la pratique médicale de Bovary. Enfin, j’analyse sa compétence et son impéritie médicales. Le dernier chapitre porte sur Pascal Rougon, médecin et chercheur qui est le protagoniste du Docteur Pascal (1893), roman d’Émile Zola. Après avoir présenté brièvement l’intrigue, j’organise ce chapitre en trois parties principales. Tout d’abord, il s’agit de Pascal, médecin clinicien, c’est-à-dire sa formation médicale, ses débuts comme médecin, sa demeure, son train de vie, ses habitudes et ses cas cliniques, de même que sa renommée. Ensuite, je me penche sur les théories scientifiques auxquelles il se rattache et l’emploi qu’il en fait : les théories de l’hérédité, la peur de la dégénérescence et de la montée de la mortalité, ainsi que les théories hygiénistes. Finalement, j’analyse la pratique de chercheur du docteur Pascal: d’abord ses études sur l’hérédité ; ensuite, son sérum, remède universel ; puis sa double postérité (postérité intellectuelle et postérité par la paternité) ; enfin son credo scientifique et l’idéologie du progrès.O objetivo da presente tese é estudar a medicina (em seu sentido amplo, ou seja, o mundo dos doentes, da doença e dos médicos) em três romances franceses do século XIX: Le Médecin de campagne (1833) de Honoré de Balzac, Madame Bovary (1857) de Gustave Flaubert e Le Docteur Pascal (1893) de Émile Zola. Este trabalho divide-se em três grandes partes. A primeira parte, com cinco capítulos, oferece um quadro da história da medicina, desde suas origens até o século XIX, no qual são abordados métodos diagnósticos e terapêuticos, teorias e práticas médicas próprias a cada período histórico. Da mesma forma, são mostradas algumas das doenças prevalentes em certas épocas. Os cinco capítulos estão dispostos em ordem cronológica, da seguinte forma: inicialmente da pré-história à Idade Média, na sequência, dos séculos XVI a XIX, contando um capítulo por século. Na segunda parte, examino as categorias profissionais da saúde do século XVI ao XIX. Este conjunto divide-se também cronologicamente, século por século, exceto o período referente à Revolução, ao Consulado e ao Império que constitui um capítulo à parte, fórmula usual nas obras de história da França. Em suas duas primeiras partes, este estudo concebe-se sob uma perspectiva particular, na qual a medicina e as ciências são analisadas historicamente. A terceira e última parte da tese tem por objeto principal estudar três personagens de médicos que aparecem em três romances da literatura francesa do século XIX. A cada um corresponde um capítulo. Precedendo o exame destas três figuras ficcionais, encontra-se um capítulo que se esforça para fornecer uma breve síntese das ciências e das técnicas no século XIX. A perspectiva de trabalho desta parte é analítica e histórica. O doutor Benassis, médico rural e prefeito higienista às vésperas dos anos 1830 em Le Médecin de campagne (1833) de Honoré de Balzac, é o primeiro protagonista examinado. Após uma breve apresentação da intriga, começo por uma análise do personagem, antes de mostrar sua formação e seu quotidiano de clínico, ou seja, seu padrão de vida, seus honorários e sua prática médica propriamente dita. Segue o estudo dos trabalhos higienistas de Benassis, que se fazem acompanhar de contextualizações sobre a França rural e sobre as teorias higienistas então prevalentes. Logo após, é analisado Charles Bovary, officier de santé em Madame Bovary (1857) de Gustave Flaubert. Inicialmente há uma breve apresentação da intriga. Na sequência, começo o exame deste personagem por uma curta introdução sobre o officiat de santé. Seguem a formação médica de Charles, seus honorários e seu padrão de vida, as disputas corporativas que aparecem em Madame Bovary e sua prática médica. Por fim, analiso sua competência e sua imperícia médicas. O último capítulo concerne a Pascal Rougon, médico e pesquisador, que protagoniza Le Docteur Pascal (1893), romance de Émile Zola. Após uma apresentação sucinta da intriga, divido o capítulo em três partes principais. Primeiramente, trata-se de Pascal, médico clínico, ou seja, sua formação e seu começo como médico, sua casa, seu padrão de vida, seus hábitos de vida e de trabalho e seus casos clínicos, assim que sua reputação. Em seguida, debruço-me sobre as teorias científicas que o norteiam e o uso que faz delas, incluindo as teorias da hereditariedade, o medo da degenerescência e do aumento da mortalidade, assim como as teorias higienistas. Por fim, analiso a prática de pesquisador de Pascal: inicialmente seus estudos sobre a hereditariedade, o soro que desenvolve, espécie de panaceia universal, depois sua dupla posteridade (posteridade intelectual e posteridade pela paternidade), enfim, seu credo científico e a ideologia do progresso.
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Takaï, Nao. "Le Corps féminin nu ou paré dans les récits réalistes de la deuxième moitié du XIXe siècle." Thesis, Paris 10, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA100208.
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Dans la seconde moitié du XIXe siècle en France, deux phénomènes a priori antithétiques s’observent : la multiplication des tableaux de femmes nues et l’essor de la mode des toilettes féminines. Cette thèse analyse la représentation du corps féminin de cette époque à partir des deux thématiques du « nu » et du « paré », puis de leur relation dialectique dans les œuvres dites « réalistes » : Madame Bovary, L’Éducation sentimentale de Flaubert, Manette Salomon des frères Goncourt, Chérie d’Edmond de Goncourt, et La Curée, Nana, Au Bonheur des Dames, L’Œuvre de Zola constituent notre corpus principal. Bien que ces écrivains, à travers leur observation pointue de la société contemporaine et dans le filtre de leur propre esthétique, essaient de rendre la vie des femmes en évoquant leur corps en toute sa vitalité, sans recourir à une idéalisation superficielle, un glissement intervient, causé par l’érotisme qui est inséparable du désir de connaître et d’écrire. Plus l’envie de percer et de saisir l’objet de description que constitue la chair féminine est forte, plus la répulsion ou la peur surgissent. Nos écrivains ont besoin de réifier la femme ou de la voiler d’enveloppes vestimentaires fétichisées afin de lui donner tout son prix. Ils construisent leur récit en prenant de la distance avec le mercantilisme et l’hypocrisie prude des bourgeois qu’ils critiquent. Mais dans leur description du corps féminin, ils participent eux aussi à l’idéalisation et à l’aliénation sociales dont ils rendent compte sans jamais tout à fait leur échapper. Néanmoins, c’est dans cette oscillation entre la proximité et l’éloignement, la réification et l’esthétisation ou encore la profanation et la glorification du corps féminin que réside également le charme spécifique des romans de notre corpusThe second half of the 19th century in France saw the emergence of two seemingly antithetical phenomena: a proliferation of paintings of nude women and a boom in women’s fashion. This thesis analyses the representation of the female body in this era, focusing on the two themes of “nude” and “clothed,” and then examines their dialectical relationship in works of “realist” literature: Flaubert’s Madame Bovary and L’Éducation Sentimentale, the Goncourt brothers’ Manette Salomon, Edmond de Goncourt’s Chérie, and Zola’s La Curée, Nana, Au Bonheur des Dames and L’Œuvre constitute our main corpus. Although these authors, using their sharp observation of contemporary society and the filter of their own aesthetics, try to depict the life of women, in particular by evoking the full vitality of their bodies and without resorting to a superficial idealisation, a shift occurs, caused by the eroticism which is inseparable from the desire to know and write. The stronger the desire to penetrate and grasp the object of description that the female flesh constitutes, the more forcefully repulsion or fear springs forth. Our authors need to reify women or veil them in fetishised envelopes of clothing to give them their full value. In constructing their stories, they take their distance from the mercenary mentality and prudish hypocrisy of the bourgeois they criticise. But in their description of the female body, they too participate in the social idealisation and alienation which they recount but from which they never completely escape. Nonetheless, it is also in this oscillation between proximity and distance, reification and aestheticisation, or profanation and glorification of the female body that the specific charm of the novels in our corpus lies
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Schropp, Jeremy. "Symbolist Symphony for Orchestra." Thesis, University of Oregon, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/1794/12105.
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1 score (x, 113 p.)The implementation of an informed cross-relationship between two independent art forms has often been a source of inspiration for artists throughout the millennia. However, in the late 19th century, both Russian and French thinkers and artists began to build upon this notion by creatively considering the intermingling of sensory experiences as well. The resulting artwork from this temporally specific era was described as being "Symbolist," referencing both the intermedial and multi-sensory processes involved and/or considered in creating the respective work. My personal penchant to explore this artistic approach has resulted in a symphony that was inspired by, and intimately considers, five individual pieces of French "Symbolist" art, poetry, and sculpture. Each movement specifically focuses upon one of the five human senses. The respective works are: the sculpture "Le baiser" by Auguste Rodin (touch), "Parfum exotique" from Les fleurs du mal by Charles Baudelaire (smell), "Tristesse d'été" by Stèphane Mallarmé (taste) as published in Du parnasse contemporain, the painting "Hina tefatou" by Paul Gauguin (sight/insight), and "Chanson d'automne" from Poèmes saturniens by Paul Verlaine (hearing/listening).
Committee in charge: Dr. David Crumb Chairperson, Advisor， Dr. Robert Kyr， Member； Dr. Jack Boss， Member； Dr. Jenifer Craig， Outside Member
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Asklund, Frédérique. "Maxime Du Camp et Gustave Flaubert, deux écrivains au miroir de leur amitié (1840-1893)." Orléans, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006ORLE1071.
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L'amitié littéraire de Maxime Du Camp et de Gustave Flaubert se développe sur la toile de fond bousculée de la seconde moitié du XIXe siècle. Cette époque de triomphe des valeurs bourgeoises met à mal l'image glorieuse de l'écrivain romantique alors que le monde littéraire, dans ses structures comme dans son fonctionnement, évolue en transformant les formes du travail de l'homme de plume. Du Camp et Flaubert, comme les lettrés de leur génération, n'ont d'autre choix que de repenser leur condition. Ils apportent de manière différente, voire opposée, leurs réponses à travers un dialogue approfondi développé sur près de quarante années. Avec en fin de compte la question fondamentale : qu'est-ce qu'un écrivain ? La critique a généralement regardé la relation entre Flaubert et Du Camp de manière abrupte, opposant le premier, parangon de l'artiste pur, au second ramené au rang d'arriviste cynique et envieux. Afin de réviser ce constat hâtif et non exempt de parti pris, nous analyserons tout d'abord leur correspondance, témoignage premier de personnalités dont les contours se dessinent progressivement, et révélatrice d'une double quête d'identité littéraire. Or, ce qui fait le caractère exceptionnel de cette amitié difficile, qui voit se confronter deux figures d'écrivains, ce sont les prolongements qu'il est possible de discerner dans leurs oeuvres. Ce sera notre second niveau d'analyse. Au bout du compte, c'est autour de la question de la (re)création de l'oeuvre littéraire que se scelle l'histoire d'une relation dont notre étude chronologique mettra en valeur la part de réalité et de réécriture, de vérité et de fantasme, d'épanchement sincère et d'éventuelle mauvaise foiThe literary friendship between Maxime Du Camp and Gustave Flaubert developed against the tumultuous second half of the 19th Century. Those times of triumphant middle class values dealt a harsh blow to the glorious image of the romantic writer In the meantime, the literary world evolves both in its structure and its way of functioning by changing the work of the writer. Du Camp and Flaubert, like other men of letters of their generation, had no other choice but to reconsider their condition. They brought their answers in a different, even an opposing fashion, through an extensive dialogue which developed over almost forty years - ultimately raising the fundamental question : what is a writer ? Critics generally too hastily regarded the relation between Flaubert and Du Camp, opposing the former, seen as a model of the true artist, with the latter, who was reduced to the rank of cynical and envious social climber. To revise this somewhat prejudiced judgement, initially we wil analyse their correspondence which gives us a first insight into two personalities that take form progressively, and which reveals a dual quest for literary identity. For in fact, the exceptional aspect of this difficult friendship which confronted two literary figures, are the ramifications which can be seen in their works. This will be our second level of analysis. Finally, we will consider how the matter of (re)creation of literary works is embedded in the story of this relation. Our chronological study wil highlight the degree of reality and rewriting, of truth and fantasy, of sincere outpourings and possible insincerity in this relationship
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Roldan, Sébastien. "Poétique du suicide dans le roman naturaliste : natures et philosophies de la mort volontaire (1857-1898)." Thesis, Paris 10, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA100096.
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Comment les romanciers naturalistes ont-ils raconté le suicide? Quel est le traitement qu’ils ont réservé à ce thème officiellement honni, étant par trop lié aux chimères sentimentales des écrivains de la génération précédente? Loin de faire l’objet d’une condamnation unanime pour romantisme excessif, la mort volontaire essaime partout dans le roman naturaliste, impose sa présence énigmatique et ses valeurs tant polémiques que polysémiques, déploie – sur ce terreau austère qu’est l’écriture expérimentale – sa portée symbolique et heuristique sous la fascination qu’éprouvent ces romanciers devant les grands mystères sublimes et mortifères. Si la conjoncture épistémologique de l’époque fait du suicide une question avant tout médicale, la littérature naturaliste elle-même puise son originalité et ses fondements théoriques dans les sciences de la nature, en particulier la médecine; néanmoins, la mort volontaire se charge, chez les romanciers de cette veine, d’un capital philosophique qui, en tant que savoir et discours extrinsèques au récit, demande à être interrogé avec minutie. Aussi, à partir d’un bassin de douze romans parus entre 1857 et 1898 sous la plume de Gustave Flaubert, Edmond et Jules de Goncourt, Émile Zola, Alphonse Daudet, Guy de Maupassant et Édouard Rod, nous retenons huit problématiques principales, orientées suivant deux axes de réflexion : natures et philosophies du suicide. Tout au long sont sondées les portées spéculative et littéraire de la mort volontaire dans ces œuvresHow did the French Naturalist novelists portray suicide? How did they deal with the romantic overtones of self-murder, a theme so strongly linked to the sentimental outbursts voiced by the previous generation of writers? Far from being banned for excessive romanticism suicide, albeit the object of openly expressed disdain by Naturalists, spreads its fiery black wings over much of the theoretically barren land that is the body of realistic novels complying – overtly or unwittingly – with the principles of Le Roman expérimental. The flaming, menacing, and enigmatic shadow thus cast over an intently objective and scientific literature is surprisingly apt at developing both polemic and polysemous fruits, and as it turns out sheds new light under the frightened but eager scrutiny of these novelists who found themselves fascinated by its great mystery, both sublime and deadly. If the state of knowledge at the time made suicide a problem essentially pertaining to medical and natural science, Naturalist literature itself was intent on synchronizing its depictions with the data, approach, and lexicon presented in scientific treatises. Yet suicide in these novelists’ fictions is loaded with a distinct philosophical sense which demands to be studied closely. Twelve Naturalist novels centered around self-murder, covering a forty-year period (1857-1898), stemming from Flaubert, Goncourt, Zola, Daudet, Maupassant, and Rod, serve as main ground for our investigation of eight chief interrogations, following two main orientations: we first review the diverse natures of suicide, then its many philosophies. Throughout are contemplated the literary and speculative reach of voluntary death
Books on the topic "1821-1840"
1
Society, Staffordshire Record, and William Salt Library, eds. Index to births, marriages and deaths 1821-1840. [Stafford]: Staffordshire Record Society, 1986.
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2
Society, Staffordshire Record, ed. Index to births, marriages and deaths, 1821-1840. [Stafford]: Staffordshire Record Society, 1986.
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3
Society, Virginia Genealogical, ed. Marriage notices from Richmond, Virginia, newspapers, 1821-1840. [Richmond, Va.]: Virginia Genealogical Society, 1988.
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4
Society, Virginia Genealogical, ed. Death notices from Richmond, Virginia, newspapers, 1821-1840. [Richmond, Va.]: Virginia Genealogical Society, 1987.
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5
Society, Virginia Genealogical. Marriage notices from Richmond, Virginia newspapers, 1821-1840. [Richmond, Va.]: Virginia Genealogical Society, 1999.
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Society, Staffordshire Record, ed. Staffordshire Advertiser index to births, marriages and deaths, 1821-1840. [s.l.]: Staffordshire Record Society, 1986.
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1952-, Sowell David, Hall Francis d. 1833, and Duane William 1760-1835, eds. Santander y la opinión angloamericana: Visión de viajeros y periódicos, 1821-1840. Santafé de Bogotá: Fundación para la Conmemoración del Bicentenario del Natalicio y el Sesquicentenario de la Muerte del General Francisco de Paula Santander, 1991.
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Papaiōannou, Giōrgos I. Hē historia tou nomou Phōkidos: Archaiotēs, Mesaiōn, Tourkokratia kai 1840 agnōstoi agōnistes tou 1821 apo Parnassida kai Dōrida kata chōrio. Athēna: Hetaireia Phōkikōn Meletōn, 1991.
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Saint-Denis, Louis-Etienne. Journal du retour des cendres (1840): Journal inédit du voyage de Sainte-Hélène en 1840 avec des lettres d'Ali à sa femme, précédé du récit inédit du Retour de Sainte-Hélène en 1821. Paris: Tallandier, 2003.
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Rodriguez, Moises Enrique. Under the flags of freedom: British mercenaries in the War of the Two Brothers, the First Carlist War, and the Greek War of Independence (1821-1840). Lanham, Md: Hamilton Books, 2009.
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Armas Asín, Fernando. "La construcción de un patrimonio católico nacional : piedad popular y tradición en el Perú moderno y republicano, 1821-1840." In Angeli Novi: prácticas evangelizadoras, representaciones artísticas y construcciones del catolicismo en América (siglos XVII-XX), 165–78. Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.18800/9972426238.012.
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En su acepción más tradicional patrimonio significa «legado de nuestros padres», haciendo referencia a las nociones de herencia y paternidad. Patrimonio es la herencia que hemos recibido de nuestros ancestros, que viene de una época pasada y que se constituye en un legado que asegura el recuerdo de nuestra familia. 1 No sería sino hasta el advenimiento de la Ilustración, en el siglo XVIII, que la mentalidad racional en plena crítica a la tradición y la religión le daría al patrimonio una dimensión semántica más extensiva, incursionando en la esfera de lo público. El patrimonio era ahora una herencia pública y no de individuos exclusivamente, sino sobre todo de la nación. 2 El Estado pasó a apropiarse del discurso patrimonial y, como bien se ha señalado, el patrimonio nunca más abandonó el discurso estatal como algo esencial para producir la conciencia de la nación. Así es como el Estado produjo y reprodujo un discurso en tomo al patrimonio de la nación, en donde se reivindicaba la existencia de un legado, material y espiritual que podía remontarse a miles y miles de años. El patrimonio, como herencia de la nación, era parte de la memoria colectiva social.
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Smirnova, Irina. "The Athos Question in the Context of European Diplomacy in the Second Quarter of the 19th Century." In 1821 in the History of Balkan Peoples (On the 200th anniversary of the Greek Revolution), 123–42. Institute of Slavic Studies, Russian Academy of Sciences; Hellenic Cultural Center, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.31168/0469-5.08.
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The chapter touches upon issues related to the history of Athos and the position of Orthodox monasticism in the second quarter of the 19th century, when, after the Greek war for independence from the Ottoman Empire, Athos begins to be perceived by the great powers as an important Orthodox outpost in the Christian East. Particular attention is paid to such little-studied issues as the role of European diplomacy in the normalization of the situation on the Holy Mountain after the Greek Revolution of 1821, the Russian-Turkish war of 1828/1829, the recognition of the independence of Greece (1830); the reaction of European diplomats to the growth of Russian monasticism on Athos; “British” factor in the development of Russian-Greek relations. The author traces the measures of the British government and the public organizations for the study of Athos, indicating that starting from the 1830s the Holy Mountain was perceived in British political circles as an important strategic foothold, which was associated with the inclusion of Mount Athos in the general naval strategy of Great Britain in the Eastern Mediterranean. Russian-British foreign policy rivalry, which led to confrontation in the ecclesiastical sphere, characterizes the policy of Britain in relation to the Ecumenical Patriarchs, which is shown by the example of the activities of Constantinople Patriarchs Constanty I (1830–1834) and Gregory VI (1835–1840) and the participation of the latter in the “case Ionian Islands”, when British patronage over the Ionian Islands was used as a pretext for the intervention of British diplomats in the affairs of Orthodox Athos. These facts indicate that the “ecclesiastical” vector of the foreign policy of the great powers in the Eastern Mediterranean leads to the need to consider the “Athos question” in the context of the Eastern question as an important and organic component of it.
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"The Oregon Crisis, 1840-1844." In The Hudson's Bay Company as an Imperial Factor, 1821-1869, 218–32. University of California Press, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/jj.7968112.14.
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"Diary, 5 March–31 December 1821." In The Additional Journals and Letters of Frances Burney, Vol. 2: 1791–1840. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oseo/instance.00257147.
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"122 To Capt. James Burney (20 August 1821)." In The Additional Journals and Letters of Frances Burney, Vol. 2: 1791–1840. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oseo/instance.00257124.
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"123 To Hester Maria Elphinstone (25 September 1821)." In The Additional Journals and Letters of Frances Burney, Vol. 2: 1791–1840. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oseo/instance.00257125.
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Ordoñez Gaitán, Johnathan. "Centroamérica y su geopolítica durante la República Federal (1823–1840)." In La emancipación de América Central en su retrospectiva (1821–2021), 47–58. De Gruyter, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/9783110798906-004.
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Wordsworth, William, and Dorothy Wordsworth. "1821. W. W. to Lady Le Fleming." In The Letters of William and Dorothy Wordsworth, Vol. 7: The Later Years: Part IV: 1840–1853 (Second Revised Edition), 585–87. Oxford University Press, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oseo/instance.00085010.
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"Water Supply of London (continued): Profits of Companies, and their Charges, Down to 1827: Wooden Pipes: Defective Service: Parliamentary Inquiries, 1821 and 1828: Polluted Sources of Supply: Royal Commission, 1827-8: Mr. Teleford's Scheme, 1834: Renewed Inquiries by Parliament, 1834 and 1840: Bill of Government to Consolidate Companies, 1851: Metropolis Water Act, 1852: Quantity and Quality of Water: Reports and Inquiries, 1856-69: Plans of Supply, 1840-84: Disputed Purity of River Water: Constant Supply: Metropolis Water Act, 1871: Extinction of Fires: Attempts to Transfer Water Supply to Public Bodies: Metropolis Water-works Purchase Bill, 1880 : Assessment of Water Rents: Increased Value of Water Under Takings." In A History of Private Bill Legislation, 148–217. Routledge, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780203770399-7.
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