Academic literature on the topic '1835-1910'

A new subspecies of Phragmatobia amurensis Seitz, 1910, Phragmatobia amurensis edita ssp. n. is described from the Shaanxi Province of China. Adults and genitalia of both sexes of all subspecies of P. amurensis as well as the similar P. fuliginosa (Linnaeus, 1758) and P. placida (Frivaldszky, 1835) are illustrated.

In the literature there is much confusion about the identity and taxonomic position of two common oribatid mite species in the family Ceratozetidae: Oribates setosus C.L. Koch, 1839, and Murcia trimaculata C.L. Koch, 1835. Related to these problems, there are contrary opinions about the validity of two ceratozetid genera, Murcia Koch, 1835 and Trichoribates Berlese, 1910, and the identity of their type species. Important conclusions on these issues have been proposed in the past (Jacot 1929; Pérez-Iñigo 1993) but these were not followed in an important recent catalog (Subías 2004). In the following, we summarize and comment on the history of these problems, and argue in the context of the current ICZN rules to preserve nomenclatural stability.

AbstractThe Windsor amateur astronomer, John Tebbutt, had a ceased observing in 1907. However, in 1909, at the age of 75, he came out of retirement to observe Halley’s comet and his astrometric positions were published in the Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. These data were used, together with most published observations from the 1835 and 1910 apparitions, for the computation of Halley’s orbit for ESA’s Halley intercept spacecraft, Giotto. A detailed analysis of the observations have shown minor imperfections that, when corrected, gave rms errors of 3''.5 arc in right ascension and 2''.8 in declination. His systematic errors are negligible at the 0''.2 level.

The theory of the motion of Halley comet has been built using ground optical positional observations of 1682, 1759, 1835, 1910 and 1982–84. The orbital elements of the comet and two coefficients characterizing non-gravitational perturbations were determined precisely as a result of the statistical treatment of the observations. The estimations of the accuracy of the theory and the data describing its agreement with the observations are presented. The theory has been applied to ballistic-navigational calculations for the Soviet Vega project.

Eupholus sulisi Bollino and Anderson sp. nov. is here described from the Indonesian portion of New Guinea, and separated from the most similar species E. prasinus Heller 1910 and E. humeralis Heller 1908. The structure of the everted endophallus examined in 38 of 71 species of Eupholus Boisduval 1835 supports the recognition of three groups within the genus, the Eupholus loriae-group, Eupholus schoenherri-group, Eupholus alternans-group, and Eupholus antonkozlovi Porion and Audibert, which does not fall into the three aforementioned groups.

The present paper deals with five species of oribatid mites of the genus Trichoribates Berlese, 1910 and two species of the genus Jugatala Ewing, 1913 from high mountains of the Central and Southern Alps. A new species, Trichoribates scilierensis sp. nov., collected from South Tyrol (Italy) is described in detail on the basis of adults. In addition, supplementary descriptions and illustrations of six known species, Trichoribates monticola (Trägårdh, 1902), T. novus (Sellnick, 1928), T. punctatus Shaldybina, 1971, T. trimaculatus (C. L. Koch, 1835), Jugatala angulata (C. L. Koch, 1839) and J. cribelliger (Berlese, 1904) are presented. Trichoribates punctatus is recorded for the first time in Central Europe. The status of old generic names as well as the validity of some species are discussed. The synonymy of T. oxypterus (Berlese, 1910) is rejected and its validity retained. The possible synonymy of Jugatala rotunda Willmann, 1953 with J. angulata is discussed. The distribution of all studied species is discussed.

Estudo do Cancioneiro popular gauchesco, através das coletâneas: Cancioneiro Guasca (1910), de Simões Lopes Neto, Cancioneiro gaúcho (1952), de Augusto Meyer e Cancioneiro da Revolução de 1835 (1935), de Apolinário Porto Alegre, recortando a configuração do homem e da mulher, suas relações de amor, seu papel no universo campeiro, sua possibilidade de fala e imposição de vontade e valores. Ao enfocar esses aspectos pretendemos demonstrar que, por sua ênfase, esses temas ocupam o espaço do tema das contendas guerreiras, impopulares, uma vez que pouco poetizadas. Além disso, fica patente o quanto o regionalismo gauchesco já estava presente nas origens de nossa literatura.

This study examines Mark Twain's use of the spoken word in the last decade of his life. It includes Twain's informal readings, his image manipulation and control, his rhetorical speaking, his methods of speech preparation, and his dictation of the autobiography. Twain's use of oral interpretation is examined demonstrating the influence of the Reading Tour of 1884-1885. He read informally for personal delight and to edit his works. A large part of the dissertation is devoted to the long history of the Twain persona. Particularly does this study focus on Twain's rhetorical persona and the means by which he attempted to maintain the historical Mark Twain while expanding his role to that of political activist. Using a Burkean perspective, Twain's anti-imperialist rhetoric is analyzed. His private philosophy dictated the use of two ratios. Though he did not successfully defeat the imperialists, he was effective in rallying and unifying the anti-imperialist forces. The final portion of this work investigates Twain's participation in the effective campaign to dethrone Richard Croker and Tammany Hall. Attention is also given to Twain's seventieth birthday speech, and his lecture-like dictation of his autobiography. This dissertation concludes that in his final years Twain found happiness in the spoken word, that mode of communication on which he built his career.

In this study, I show that three major areas of Mark Twain's personality—conscience, ego, and nonconformist instincts—are represented, in part, respectively by three of his literary creations: Huckleberry Finn, Tom Sawyer, and No. 44. The origins of Twain's personality which possibly gave rise to his troubled conscience, need for attention, and rebellious spirit are examined. Also, Huck as Twain's social and personal conscience is explored, and similarities between Twain's and Tom's complex egos are demonstrated. No. 44 is featured as symbolic of Twain's iconoclastic, misanthropic, and solipsistic instincts, and the influence of Twain's later personal misfortunes on his creation of No. 44 is explored. In conclusion, I demonstrate the importance of Twain's creative escape and mediating ego in the coping of his personality with reality.

This work re-assesses the heroic character of Huckleberry Finn in light of the inherent problems of discourse. Walter Ong's insights into the differences between oral and literate consciousnesses, and Stanley Fish's concept of "interpretive communities" are applied to Huck's interactions with the other characters, revealing the underlying dynamic of his character, the need for a viable discourse community. Further established, by enlisting the ideas of Ernest Becker, is that this need for community finds its source in the most fundamental human problem, the consciousness of death. The study concludes that the problematic ending of Twain's novel is consistent with the theme of community and is neither the artistic failure, nor the cynical pronouncement on the human race that so many critics have seen it to be.

Cette thèse se donne pour enjeu de redéfinir l'identité littéraire de Mark Twain dans son articulation avec l'histoire. Clef de voûte de la mythologie nationale qui donne forme à l'identité américaine, le motif de la trace devient chez Twain un principe d'écriture où s'exprime une conscience historique dissidente. La réappropriation progressive de ce paradigme subvertit les représentations collectives pour définir une compréhension singulière de l'historicité de la nation et du devenir individuel. L'opposition entre la trace mnésique, inscription de l'histoire dans la profondeur du lieu, et la trace prospective, ébauche d'un tracé nouveau, structure dès l'origine les représentations symboliques de l'Ancien et du Nouveau Continent. À ces deux modalités de l'inscription correspondent chez Twain deux formes d'historicité, la stase et le progrès, et deux régimes politiques, la monarchie et la démocratie. Or son écriture subvertit cette polarité symbolique en dénonçant la stratification de l'histoire américaine, symptôme d'une dérive monarchique due à la perte des origines fondatrices de la nation. Se définit dès lors une économie historique où la trace des origines de la nation se révèle habitée par un régime de perte qui contamine quiconque cherche à les capter, tandis que le déterminisme des origines individuelles impose l'idée d'une fermeture de l'histoire. À l'emprise mortifère de la trace, l'écriture de Twain oppose l'utopie de la non-inscription, principe d'une sortie de l'histoire et d'une coïncidence retrouvée avec l'origine. La résurgence de tensions irrésolues dans les textes tardifs convertit cependant cette utopie en mise en scène de l'abolition de l'histoire
: This thesis aims at redefining Mark Twain's literary identity in its articulation with history. The motif of the trace, which stands at the core of the national mythology that shapes American identity, is in Twain a writing principle expressing a dissident historical consciousness. The progressive reappropriation of this paradigm subverts collective representations and defines a singular apprehension of national and individual historicity. The opposition between the mnesic trace—which inscribes history into a place—and the prospective one—the starting point of a new tracing—lies at the root of the symbolical representations of the Old and the New Continents. In Twain's writings, these two forms of inscription correspond to two opposite modes of historicity—stasis and progress—and two political regimes—monarchy and democracy. Twain nevertheless subverts this symbolical polarity by revealing the stratification of American history. He thereby hints at a drift towards monarchy that results from the loss of the nation's founding principles. His fiction thus defines a historical economy in which the traces of the nation's origins appear to be inhabited by a principle of loss that may contaminate whoever attempts to appropriate them. The determinism of individual origins meanwhile suggests the closing down of history. To the deadly hold of the trace, his writings oppose the utopia of non- inscription – the principle of an escape from history and of a renewed coincidence with the origins. Yet the resurgence of unsolved tensions in Twain's late works converts the utopia into the staging of the abolition of history

Many Twain scholars believe that his skepticism was based on personal tragedies of later years. Others find skepticism in Twain's work as early as The Innocents Abroad. This study determines that Twain's atheism is evident in his earliest writings. Chapter One examines what critics have determined Twain's religious sense to be. These contentions are discussed in light of recent publications and older, often ignored, evidence of Twain' s atheism. Chapter Two is a biographical look at Twain's literary, family, and community influences, and at events in Twain's life to show that his religious antipathy began when he was quite young. Chapter Three examines Twain's early sketches and journalistic squibs to prove that his voice, storytelling techniques, subject matter, and antipathy towards the church and other institutions are clearly manifested in his early writings.

Depuis plusieurs décennies, la critique américaine bouscule les limites traditionnelles du concept de « canon ». Les « grands » auteurs n’ont pas pour autant été congédiés et la notion de canon continue à jouer un rôle central. Ce phénomène double est particulièrement frappant chez Mark Twain. Le corpus illustrant le mieux ce mélange d’hypercanonicité et d’obscurité totale est sans doute celui qui regroupe les textes composés après l’œuvre twainienne canonique par excellence, les célèbres Adventures of Huckleberry Finn : le Twain tardif. Si ces textes sont de plus en plus lus, l’effort d’analyse critique achoppe presque invariablement sur une problématique revenante : celle de leur marginalité ou plus spécifiquement encore, de leur illisibilité. Cette thèse interroge la notion d’illisibilité en conjonction avec la question de la « tardiveté » de ces écrits.L’illisibilité du corpus twainien tardif commence dès l’époque de la rédaction de ces écrits, par une illisibilité dans son acception la plus matérielle et littérale. Cette illisibilité s’accompagnait d’entrée de jeu d’un autre type d’illisibilité, fondé sur le jugement et l’appréciation esthétiques (des textes illisibles car mal écrits). Cette thèse cherche à lire l’illisible, sans pour autant chercher à réhabiliter le corpus, sans même entreprendre de confirmer l’existence pleine de l’objet d’étude choisi, de ce corpus tardif en tant qu’ensemble de textes unifiables à l’intérieur d'une catégorie chronologique close et évidente. Loin d’ignorer l’ennui, l’exaspération et la déception que ces textes ont pu inspirer, il s’agit de problématiser la notion d'illisible
Although deconstructed and challenged, the idea of the literary canon seemsto have survived. This ambiguous phenomenon has affected approaches to Mark Twain’swork to a profound degree. The group of texts most aptly illustrating this odd interlacingof hypercanonicity and complete obscurity is that which follows Huckleberry Finn : thelater writings of Twain. These texts invariably call up the question of their marginalityand their unreadability. Why were they left unread for so many years, and why do theycontinue to be so marginal, when compared to the immense success of the Adventures ?Can some of the manuscripts be salvaged by means of certain literary approaches and atspecific times in the history of aesthetic moods ? This PhD on Twain’s later writingsaims to explore the idea of unreadability by combining it with theoretical and criticalaccounts of lateness. « Unreadability » as a central notion to Twain’s later work startswith the most material and literal meaning of the word – that which cannot be read – andbegan as early as the moment of composition of these texts : many manuscripts remainedunpublished, incomplete, or were rejected by the publishers Twain approached. Thisillegibility combined with the texts’ frequently decried unreadability. The aim of this PhDis to read late Twain without necessarily attempting to rehabilitate these texts, withouteven confirming the full existence of the idea of « late » Twain. Instead of ignoring theexasperation and disappointment many critics and readers have experienced, this thesiswill attempt to work with this unreadability, but not without questioning and redefiningthe notion of unreadability and its contraries

This dissertation is an attempt to give a picture of the Nevada frontier journalist Samuel L. Clemens and the surroundings in which he worked. It is also an assessment of the extent to which Clemens (and his alter ego Twain) can be considered a serious journalist and the extent to which he violated the very principles he championed.

Living in tune with nature means respecting the natural environment and realizing its power and the ways it manifests in daily life. This essay focuses on the ways in which respect for nature is expressed through animal imagery in Zora Neale Hurston's Their Eyes Were Watching God, Mark Twain's "The Stolen White Elephant," Roughing It, and Pudd'nhead Wilson, and Jack London's The Call of the Wild. Each author encouraged readers to seek the benefits of nature in order to become better human beings, forge stronger communities, and develop a more unified nation and world. By learning from the positive example of the animals, we learn how to share our world with them and with each other.

The research presented in this thesis under the title ¿Las Fábricas Textiles, En El Centro Y Sur De México De 1835 A 1910. Origen Evolución e Influencia Europea¿ is proposed based on the principle 2.3 that ICOMOS presented for the analysis, conservation and restoration of architectural heritage structures which says that "A full understanding of the structural and material characteristics is required in conservation practice. Information is essential on the structure in its original and earlier states, on the techniques that were used in the construction, on the alterations and their effects, on the phenomena that have occurred, and, finally, on its present state." The main objective of this thesis is to produce support documentation for the analysis, preservation and good intervention of the industrial heritage, specifically the buildings that housed the textile manufacturing processes in Mexico. The study was based on a historical and architectural constructive technique, conducted mainly in ten states of Mexico from 1835, that was when the first building with all the features of a factory appeared, covering 75 years of development, including its higher peak during the era known as the ¿Porfiriato¿, and ending in 1910 when the Mexican Revolution began, when several factories closed their doors. This document also intends to give testimony of the importance of this kind of buildings in order to give them proper value recognition. This type of construction was pioneered by adapting the use of materials and constructive techniques that were implemented in Europe to local conditions, resources and building traditions in Mexico. To obtain information about the origin and evolution of these structures a historical, architectural, typological and constructive analysis was performed based on two major influences: local influences (¿obrajes¿ and ¿haciendas¿) and foreign influences, specifically European (analysis of textile production buildings to identify materials, techniques and typologies of the Industrial Revolution in Manchester England, Catalonia Spain and France). For this reason the study was divided into two major areas: the analysis of the influences (Chapter II) and a medullar second issue which focuses on the analysis of the textile mills in central and southern Mexico (Chapter I, III, IV). Once the data of the mill factories in Mexico was collected it was possible to obtain data on the evolution and growth of each of the sample sets analyzed. Later on a comparison between the two great influences and the constructions of this kind in Mexico is presented to obtain the results of the origin and degree of influence in these buildings (Chapter V). This study was developed based on a documentary research at regional, national and foreign (European) as well as in large part data collection was conducted as field research (in situ) in 32 sampled sets of 136 factories that were included in the inventory. All information collected is grouped into catalog cards contained within the volume of annexes. In the annex part sketches, drawings and contemporary photographs are incorporated. Its development was based on the analysis of specific files, interviews, photography analysis and lithographs of the period.
La investigación que se presenta en esa tesis bajo el título “Las Fábricas Textiles, En El Centro Y Sur De México De 1835 A 1910. Origen Evolución e Influencia Europea” se propone en base al principio 2.3 que ICOMOS presenta para el análisis, conservación y restauración de las estructuras del patrimonio Arquitectónico el cual dice que “La práctica de la conservación requiere un conocimiento exhaustivo de las características de la estructura y los materiales. Es fundamental disponer de información sobre la estructura en su estado original y en sus primeras etapas, las técnicas que se emplearon en la construcción, las alteraciones sufridas y sus efectos, los fenómenos que se han producido y, por último, sobre su estado actual.” El principal objetivo de esta tesis es tener un documento de apoyo y consulta para el análisis, la conservación y buena intervención del patrimonio industrial, específicamente de las edificaciones que albergaron los procesos de producción textil en México. El estudio se desarrolló principalmente con un enfoque histórico, arquitectónico, técnicoconstructivo, en diez estados de la República Mexicana desde 1835 que fue cuando aparece la primera edificación con todas las características de una fábrica, abarcando 75 años de desarrollo, incluyendo el de mayor esplendor durante el Porfiriato y terminando en 1910 cuando comienza la Revolución Mexicana y varios conjuntos cerraron sus puertas. Se pretende también dar un testimonio de la importancia de este género edificatorio para que se le dé el valor correspondiente a estas edificaciones a partir de la comprobación de la originalidad de este generó, ya que fue el género precursor en el uso de materiales y técnicas constructivas llegadas de Europa y su adaptación a las condiciones, recursos y tradiciones constructivas en México. Para obtener los resultados acerca del origen, y evolución de estas edificaciones se realizó un análisis histórico, arquitectónico tipológico y constructivo de las dos grandes influencias: las influencias locales (antecedentes tipológicos obrajes y haciendas debido al reuso de edificaciones y tradición técnica-constructiva) y las influencias extranjeras específicamente las europeas (análisis de edificios de producción textil para identificar materiales, técnicas y tipologías de la llamada Revolución Industrial de Manchester Inglaterra, Cataluña, España y Francia ). Por este motivo el estudio se dividió en dos grandes temas: el análisis de las influencias (Capítulo II) y un segundo tema y medular que se centra en el análisis de las fábricas textiles del centro y sur de México (Capítulo I, III, IV). Teniendo los datos específicos de las fábricas en México se pudieron obtener datos acerca de la evolución y crecimiento de cada uno de los conjuntos analizados. Posteriormente también se presenta una comparativa entre las dos grandes influencias y las edificaciones de este género en México para obtener los resultados del origen y grado de influencia en estas edificaciones (Capítulo V). Este estudio se desarrolló a partir de una investigación documental a nivel regional, nacional y extranjera (europeas), además de que en gran parte para la obtención de datos se realizó una investigación de campo en 32 conjuntos tomados como muestra de las 136 fábricas que se incluyeron en el inventario. Toda la información recabada se vació en fichas de catalogación propuestas incluidas dentro del volumen de anexos. En las fichas se incorporaron esquemas, planos y fotografías actuales. Su elaboración se apoyó en el análisis de archivos específicos, entrevistas, consulta de fotografías y litografías de la época.

Abstract How many of us feel that we know Mark Twain? That he wrote was written for us, with the intimate of a friend talking over a cigar?” These questions were dressed to readers of the Wilmington (N. C.) Morning Star on the occasion of the great writer’s death in April 1910. The questions bore with them the confident assumption that virtually all readers would acknowledge a sense of close familiarity with Mark Twain and his major works. This was taken for granted.