Academic literature on the topic '1837-1929'

The Agabus adpressus-group is defined and Agabus udege sp. n. is described from the Sikhote-Alin mountain range in easternmost Russia. It is the sisterspecies of A. adpressus Aube, 1837. Some East Palearctic specimens previously assigned to Agabus discolor (Harris, 1828), A. clypealis (Thomson, 1867), and A. levanderi Hellen, 1929, in the literature are described as Agabus angusi sp. n. The new species is known from the Lake Baikal region and eastwards to NE Mongolia and northernmost China.

In Britain's development as the first industrial nation, the crucial importance of surveyors, mining engineers and geologists in prospecting and exploiting minerals and raw materials seems self-evident. Yet historians of geology have yet to take proper account of this aspect of geological science. Why is this ? One reason may simply be that the historiography of the subject itself is only relatively recent and many areas, besides industrial geology, await coverage. Or perhaps the nature of the source material is to blame. While scientific geologists filled museums with their fossils and notebooks, engaged in well-publicized controversies of the day, and wrote numerous books and articles, industrial geologists often left relatively few papers and sometimes never published their results. On the other hand, it has been suggested that the neglect of economic geology may be due to a rapidly developing bias in the subject itself. A recent study has highlighted the fact that the history of British geology, as seen through the eyes of historians at least, appears to comprise two different but closely interconnected strands. The first relates to natural history and looks toward the scientific or ‘pure’ front; the second connects with mining and the search for raw materials and is slanted towards the industrial or ‘applied’ horizon. In the same way that the scientific branch of geology brought fame and fortune in Victorian times, so the protagonists of ‘pure’ geology have so far been the chief interest of historians – so much so that the literature so far lacks detailed case studies of the careers and work of applied geologists.

S. (D.) smyrneensis Gory, 1841 is resurrected from synonymy with S. (D.) rauca (Fabricius, 1787). New synonymy is established for the following taxa: S. (D.) smyrneensis Gory, 1841 (= inconspicua Jakovlev, 1893, congrua Jakovlev, 1900, anxia Jakovlev, 1900, captiosa Jakovlev, 1902, delicata Kerremans, 1909, subsulcata Kerremans, 1909, migriensis Obenberger, 1916, nephele Obenberger, 1929, cassia Obenberger, 1929, maronita Obenberger, 1929, salomonis Obenberger, 1952, pseudorauca Obenberger, 1952, agilis Obenberger, 1952, synn. n.), S. (D.) rauca (Fabricius, 1787) (= heliobia Obenberger, 1929, syn. n.), S. (D.) gemmata gemmata (Olivier, 1790) (= raucoides Obenberger, 1920, syn. n.), S. (D.) signata Jakovlev, 1887 (= obsoleta Jakovlev, 1891, satelles Jakovlev, 1898, addenda Jakovlev, 1900, jejuna Jakovlev, 1900, detrita Jakovlev, 1902, destituta Obenberger, 1929, julia Obenberger, 1929, araxicola Obenberger, 1929, buresi Obenberger, 1933, hierosolymitana Obenberger, 1946, jureceki Obenberger, 1946, arsinoe Obenberger, 1952, gyaurdagensis Obenberger, 1955, synn. n.), S. (D.) aeneomicans Kraatz, 1882 (= unidentata Jakovlev, 1891, veselyi Obenberger, 1915, aladaghensis Obenberger, 1920, aeneofulgens Obenberger, 1929, persica Obenberger, 1929, ushinskii Obenberger, 1929, ahriman Obenberger, 1929, amasiae Obenberger, 1929, baicalensis Obenberger, 1929, fabichi Obenberger, 1952, fleischeri Obenberger, 1952, moganensis Obenberger, 1955, hoberlandti Obenberger, 1955, synn. n.), S. (D.) misella Jakovlev, 1900 (= liliputana Obenberger, 1929, callimicra Obenberger, 1929, synn. n.), S. (D.) incerta Jakovlev, 1887 (= dolens Jakovlev, 1893, confusa Kerremans, 1913, joukli Obenberger, 1929, synn. n.), S. (D.) koenigi Jakovlev, 1891 (= integripennis Obenberger, 1929, alma Obenberger, 1952, synn. n.), S. (D.) sulciventris Jakovlev, 1886 (= kraatzi Jakovlev, 1887, alaiensis Jakovlev, 1893, dives Jakovlev, 1902, aucta Jakovlev, 1902, jaxartis Obenberger, 1929, kuliabensis Obenberger, 1952, synn. n.), S. (D.) bucharica Jakovlev, 1900 (= bactriana Jakovlev, 1902, syn. n.), S. (D.) hamata Jakovlev, 1899 (= zarawshanensis Obenberger, 1929, syn. n.), S. (D.) sculpticollis Heyden, 1886 (= alutaceiceps Obenberger, 1929, morgani Obenberger, 1929, synn. n.), S. (D.) simplex Jakovlev, 1893 (= fraterna Jakovlev, 1900, allecta Jakovlev, 1900, samotica Obenberger, 1929, ankarana Obenberger, 1952, synn. n.), S. (D.) micans Jakovlev, 1886 (= binominata Kerremans, 1913, irritatrix Obenberger, 1929, shah Obenberger, 1929, pseudomicans Obenberger, 1929, escalerae Obenberger, 1929, synn. n.), S. (D.) parysatis Obenberger, 1929 (= isfahanensis Obenberger, 1952, proserpina Obenberger, 1952, synn. n.), S. (D.) manifesta Jakovlev, 1900 (= megarauca Obenberger,1952, syn. n.), S. (D.) curta Jakovlev, 1885 (= caspica Jakovlev, 1904, plavilscikovi Obenberger, 1952, synn. n.), S. (D.) antilibanensis Obenberger, 1952 (= nikitaliae Obenberger, 1952, syn. n.), S. (s. str.) arcana Jakovlev, 1908 (= assuricola Obenberger, 1920, baghdadensis Obenberger, 1929, stella Obenberger, 1952, teheranica Obenberger, 1952, assuricola heliochaera Obenberger, 1929, synn. n.), S. (s. str.) antiqua (Illiger, 1803) (= serena Jakovlev, 1900, earo Obenberger, 1929, synn. n.), S. (s. str.) hypocrita Mannerheim, 1837 (= glabricollis Obenberger, 1929, levantina Obenberger, 1929, synn. n.), S. (s. str.) varia Jakovlev, 1887 (= samarkanda Obenberger, 1929, syn. n.), S. (s. str.) demissa Marseul, 1865 (= breiti Obenberger, 1920, syn. n.), S. (s. str.) pilipes Jakovlev, 1886 (= anchorifera Obenberger, 1952, syn. n.). S. donata Obenberger, 1929 and S. subtricostata Kraatz, 1882 are transferred from subgen. Deudora to Sphenoptera s. str. and S. confusa Kerremans, 1913, from subgen. Sphenoptera s. str. to Deudora. Lectotypes are designated for 112 nominal species and subspecies and 5 infrasubspecific taxa. Neotype is designated for S. armena (Steven, 1829).

As part of the studies on Amaranthaceae Juss. (e.g. Iamonico 2014, 2015, Sánchez Del Pino & Iamonico 2016), and the preparation of the new Checklist of the Italian vascular alien Flora (Galasso et al. 2016), I present here a note on an Amaranthus hybrid which was reported for Italy by Cacciato (1966) as “Amaranthus ×galii Sennen & Gonzalo” (Sennen 1929: 34). This name was proposed by Sennen & Gonzalo (l.c.) without a diagnosis, and it is a nomen nudum and invalid under Art. 38.1 of the ICN (McNeill et al. 2012). Furthermore, Sennen & Gonzalo in Sennen (1929: 34) cited Amaranthus patulus Bertoloni (1837: 19) and A. retroflexus Linnaeus (1753: 991) as parental taxa of the new hybrid. According to the current knowledge (see Iamonico 2016), A. patulus is a heterotypic synonym of A. hybridus Linnaeus (1753: 990). Consequently, the hybrid concept of Sennen & Gonzalo refers to A. ×ozanonii (Thellung 1914: 263) Schuster & Goldschmidt in Ascherson & Graebner 1920: 20) (= A. hybridus × A. retroflexus).

Leporinus obtusidens Valenciennes, 1837 and L. elongatus Valenciennes, 1850 are redescribed based on the type specimens, including those of their junior synonyms, and recently collected specimens. Leporinus obtusidens is considered to be widespread, occuring in the river drainages of La Plata, São Francisco, and Parnaíba. Leporinus aguapeiensis Campos, 1945, described from the upper Rio Paraná, and L. silvestrii Boulenger, 1902, described from the Rio Paraguay, are considered junior synonyms of L. obtusidens. Leporinus elongatus is endemic to the Rio Jequitinhonha and Rio Pardo, two eastern Brazilian river basins, and the locality cited for the lectotype, Rio São Fransico, likely to be erroneous. Leporinus crassilabris Borodin, 1929, and L. crassilabris breviceps Borodin, 1929, both described from the Rio Jequitinhonha, are considered junior synynoms of L. elongatus. A new species of Leporinus, endemic to the upper Rio Paraná, very similar and sometimes mistaken with L. obtusidens, is formally described. In addition, comments on Leporinus pachyurus Valenciennes, 1850 and on L. bimaculatus Castelnau, 1855 are provided, and a lectotype for L. bimaculatus is selected.

In this study, the blister beetles belonging to the Hycleus sexmaculatus species group are revised. Morphological characters are described and figured for each species and keys to both male and female are provided. Hycleus hayki new species from Southwest Iran is described and the following new synonymies are proposed: Mylabris triangulifera ab. reitterioides Mader 1929 = Hycleus bipunctatus (Olivier, 1811) new synonymy; Mylabris triangulifera ab. bushirensis Mader 1929 = Hycleus bipunctatus (Olivier, 1811) new synonymy; Mylabris javeti Marseul, 1870 = Hycleus colligatus (Redtenbacher, 1850) new synonymy; Mylabris javeti umbilicatus Kaszab, 1958 = Hycleus colligatus (Redtenbacher, 1850) new synonymy; Hycleus amrishi Makhan, 2012 = Hycleus cingulatus (Faldermann, 1837) new synonymy. Additional remarks which rectify previous errors in the identification of the species are provided. The taxonomic positions of Zonabris soumacovi Pic, 1930 and Zonabris sialanus Pic, 1929 are also discussed. Phylogenetic relationships of the species, based on a subset of available species inferred from molecular data are proposed, and some morphologically defined subgroups of species are distinguished with the molecular support. The geographic and ecological distributions of all the species are defined, and a detailed list of localities is provided. The ecological information including phenology, elevation and host plants of the species are summarized in a table. Based on literature records, collections and recently collected data, the distribution of the sexmaculatus species and their biogeographic characteristics are discussed.

Analisa os estudos dietéticos realizados no Brasil entre meados do século XIX e início do século XXI. O método compreendeu a realização de revisão bibliográfica, procurando identificar e analisar, ao longo de seis cortes transversais intencionalmente estabelecidos (1837-1899; 1900-1929; 1930- 1939; 1940-1969; 1970-1989 e 1990-2005), as distintas modalidades e os principais resultados dos inquéritos sobre consumo alimentar realizados no país. Distintos procedimentos metodológicos de avaliação dietética de indivíduos e populações foram identificados: história alimentar; inquérito recordatório de 24 horas; registro ou diário alimentar; pesos e medidas de alimentos; questionário de freqüência de consumo alimentar e pesquisa de orçamento alimentar. Conclui-se que, ao tempo em que se aperfeiçoaram os métodos e instrumentos de avaliação do consumo alimentar, verificaramse profundas e substanciais alterações no padrão de consumo e nos hábitos alimentares da população brasileira.

The spider genusPterotrichaKulczyński, 1903 (Gnaphosidae) is surveyed in Iran. To date, three species of this genus were known in the country:P.loeffleri(Roewer, 1955),P.lentiginosa(C. L. Koch, 1837) andP.pseudoparasyriacaNuruyeva & Huseynov, 2016. Here two new species are described,P.kovblyukiZamani & Marusik,sp. n.(♂, western Iran) andP.montanaZamani & Marusik,sp. n.(♀, central and southwestern Iran), and P.cf.dalmasi Fage, 1929 (from Algeria to Jordan) is reported in Iran for the first time.PterotrichatikaderiGajbe, 1983syn. n.(India) andP.loeffleri(Roewer, 1955),syn. n.are synonymized withP.strandiSpassky, 1936 (hitherto known from Turkmenistan only). The record ofP.lentiginosafrom Iran is apparently based on misidentification. A distribution map of the genus in Iran with new provincial records is provided. In addition,IranotrichaZamani & Marusik,gen. n., a new genus closely related toPterotricha, is described from southeastern Iran with the type speciesI.lutensisZamani & Marusik,sp. n.

AbstractComposition, systematics, distribution and bionomics of the poorly known primarily Oriental genus Anchocerus Fauvel, 1905 is reviewed, with an annotated list and identification key provided for all 13 named species of the genus. The poorly known species from Papua New Guinea, A. punctus Last, 1980, A. similis Last, 1980 and A. wilhelmensis Last, 1980 are redescribed. Three new species, A. aparamerus sp.n. from Borneo, A. grandis sp.n. and A. thailandicus sp.n., both from Thailand are described. One species is transferred to Anchocerus from the genus Acylophorus Nordmann, 1837: Anchocerus tenuipes (Lea, 1929) comb. n., and also redescribed. Two species of Anchocerus are moved to Acylophorus: Acylophorus novaguinensis (Last, 1975) comb. n. and Acylophorus okasaensis (Last, 1975) comb. n. Morphological characters distinguishing the genera Anchocerus and Acylophorus are summarized. Type material was examined for all insufficiently known species.

The orb-weaving spider subfamily Arkyinae L. Koch, 1872 is exclusively found in the Australasian region and its taxonomy and the systematic relationships within and between genera of this subfamily are poorly understood. We here revise the arkyine genus Demadiana Strand, 1929 to include six Australian species, four of which are described as new: Demadiana simplex (Karsch, 1878) (type species), D. carrai, sp. nov., D. cerula (Simon, 1908), comb. nov., D. complicata, sp. nov., D. diabolus, sp. nov., and D. milledgei, sp. nov. A phylogenetic analysis based on an updated araneid morphological data matrix including 57 genera of orb-weaving spiders identified Demadiana as a member of the araneid subfamily Arkyinae. A separate phylogenetic analysis for the genus at the species level showed little resolution within Demadiana, but did identify a monophyletic Demadiana supported by three putative synapomorphies: small unique setal pits with spherical sockets covering the carapace, sternum and the bases of the paturon (chelicerae), an extreme elongation of the trumpet-like aggregate spigots of the posterior lateral spinnerets and a distinct curvature of the embolus. We detail several new generic and species synonymies within Arkyinae. Aerea Urquhart, 1891 (type species Aerea alticephala Urquhart, 1891) and Neoarchemorus Mascord, 1968 (type species N. speechleyi Mascord, 1968) are regarded as junior synonyms of Arkys Walckenaer, 1837 (type species A. lancearius Walckenaer, 1837), resulting in Arkys speechleyi (Mascord, 1968), comb. nov. Aerea magnifica Urquhart, 1893 and Archemorus simsoni Simon, 1893 are regarded as junior synonyms of Aerea alticephala Urquhart, 1891, and Arkys nitidiceps Simon, 1908 is proposed as a junior synonym of Arkys walckenaeri Simon, 1879.

吳偉強.
論文(哲學碩士)--香港中文大學, 1998.
參考文獻: leaves 151-156.
中英文摘要.
Wu Weiqiang.
Chapter 第一章 --- 問題闡述 --- p.1
Chapter 第一節 --- 前言 --- p.1
Chapter 第二節 --- 硏究背景 --- p.3
Chapter 第二章 --- 文獻综述 --- p.10
Chapter 第一節 --- 民族國家理論 --- p.10
Chapter 第二節 --- 敎育對民族國家的貢獻 --- p.15
Chapter 第三節 --- 中國近代知識份子的民族國家觀念述評 --- p.19
Chapter 一. --- 建構内的主張一魏源「師夷之長技以制夷」和 早期議院論 --- p.20
Chapter 二. --- 建構外的迥響一由王韜至譚嗣同 --- p.21
Chapter 第三章 --- 研究設計 --- p.28
Chapter 第一節 --- 研究問題 --- p.28
Chapter 第二節 --- 研究對象 --- p.28
Chapter 第三節 --- 研究方法 --- p.31
Chapter 一. --- 定性研究 --- p.31
Chapter 二. --- 内容分析法 --- p.32
Chapter 三. --- 研究限制 --- p.35
Chapter 第四章 --- 梁啓超、張之洞「民族國家觀念」的比較 --- p.37
Chapter 第一節 --- 新觀念的發韌 --- p.38
Chapter 第二節 --- 《新民¨®Ơ》中的「自甴主義」民族國家思想 --- p.45
Chapter 第三節 --- 《開明專制論》透示的集體主義 --- p.51
Chapter 第四節 --- 張之洞「中體西用論」文化觀 --- p.59
Chapter 第五章 --- 民族國家底下的「民」 --- p.67
Chapter 第一節 --- 張之洞的「子民」觀念 --- p.68
Chapter 一. --- 「民」惟邦本，本固邦寧 --- p.68
Chapter 二. --- 「保」民而王，天下莫之能禦也 --- p.70
Chapter 三. --- 精忠「報」國 --- p.74
Chapter 第二節 --- 梁啓超的「公民」性格 --- p.76
Chapter 一. --- 主權在民 --- p.77
Chapter 二. --- 「動」與公民性格 --- p.78
Chapter 三. --- 「群性」與公民 --- p.82
Chapter 第三節 --- 「子民」和「公民」的社會功能 --- p.84
Chapter 第六章 --- 變法與敎育 --- p.91
Chapter 第一節 --- 張之洞高度結構分殊取向與君權神授的協奏曲 --- p.92
Chapter 一. --- 《勸學篇》中高度結構分殊取向 --- p.92
Chapter 二. --- 「癸卯學制」的中體西用精神 --- p.97
Chapter 第二節 --- 梁啓超普遍參與的取向 --- p.105
Chapter 一. --- 「群性j與普遍參與取向 --- p.109
Chapter 二. --- 《敎育政策私議》下「動」的敎學法 --- p.111
Chapter 三. --- 從湖南時務學堂回顧「動」和「群性」 --- p.116
Chapter 第三節 --- 報刊和學會的社會敎育 --- p.119
Chapter 一. --- 官報宣國是，民報達民内情 --- p.121
Chapter 二. --- 學會報刊的公共空間與普遍參與取向 --- p.123
Chapter 第七章 --- 總結 --- p.128
Chapter 第一節 --- 民族國家觀念再詮釋 --- p.128
Chapter 第二節 --- 民族國家在當代的困境與契機 --- p.131
Chapter 第三節 --- 結語 --- p.136
附錄 --- p.138
參考書目 --- p.151

This chapter examines the consequences of the panics that occurred in and after 1819, 1837, 1857, 1873, in a minor way in 1884, with great severity in 1893 and again in 1907, and of the stock market crash of October 1929. The late years of the nineteenth century and the first decade of the twentieth were a good time to be rich. For one, there was no income tax. Historians refer to these years as the Gilded Age, but they might as well be called the age of gold. The chapter considers recognizable constants in the panics of the latter part of the nineteenth century and the first decade of the twentieth, including the expansion in business activity, particularly investment in the construction of canals and railroads. It also discusses speculation in railroads and common stocks, financed by money from banks, and the resulting bank failures.