Academic literature on the topic '1842-1884'

The southern South American species of the genus Philonthus Stephens, 1829 (Staphylininae: Staphylinini) are revised using characters of external morphology and male and female genitalia. Three species of Philonthus are transferred to the genus Belonuchus Nordmann, 1837 resulting in the following new combinations: B. aluticollis (Bernhauer, 1921), B. flavicoxis (Bernhauer, 1912) and B. weiserianus (Bernhauer, 1921). Twenty-five valid species are recognized for the region in the present study: Philonthus aeruginosus Nordmann 1837, P. argus Herman 2001, P. bicoloristylus ChaniPosse 2004, P. bonariensis Bernhauer 1909, P. convexicollis Lynch-Arribálzaga 1884, P. cribriventris Bernhauer 1912, P. discoideus (Gravenhorst, 1802), P. figulus Erichson 1840, P. flavolimbatus Erichson 1840, P. hepaticus Erichson 1840, P. jenseni Bernhauer 1912, P. longicornis Stephens 1832, P. lynchi Bernhauer & Schubert 1914, P. pallipes Blanchard 1842, P. pauxillus Solsky 1868, P. politus (Linnaeus, 1758), P. quadraticeps Boheman 1858, P. rectangulus Sharp 1874, P. rubromaculatus Blanchard 1842, P. ruficauda Bernhauer 1934, P. sericans (Gravenhorst, 1802), P. stenocephalus Scheerpeltz 1972, P. varians (Paykull, 1789). Two new species are described: P. floresi and P. bruchianus. Philonthus feralis Erichson 1840, previously recorded for this region, is also redescribed. Diagnoses, redescriptions or descriptions, illustrations, bionomic information and distribution maps for all species are presented. An identification key to the southern South American species of the genus is provided. Lectotypes are designated for Philonthus aeruginosus Nordmann 1837, P. aluticollis Bernhauer 1921, P. apicipennis Lynch-Arribálzaga 1884, P. convexicollis LynchArribálzaga 1884, P. figulus Erichson 1840, P. flavicoxis Bernhauer 1912, P. jenseni Bernhauer 1912, P. pallipes Blanchard 1842, P. rubromaculatus Blanchard 1842, P. stenocephalus Scheerpeltz 1972, P. tucumanensis Bernhauer 1934 and P. weiserianus Bernhauer, 1921.

In his lauding review of Dimitrije Matic?s (1821-1884) History of Philosophy (largely based on ?. Schwegler), published in 1865 in the journal Vila, started and edited by Stojan Novakovic (1842-1915), Alimpije Vasiljevic (1831-1911) assessed the pattern of the book as one of the latest and best in the field. In his critical reaction to Vasiljevic?s review, Milan Kujundzic (1842-1893) challenged his assessment. For the generation of the United Serbian Youth, Hegelianism was unacceptable for two reasons: because of increasingly influential positivism (naturalism) and scientism, and because of the strengthening of the ideology of Greater Germany with which it was equated. Both Vasiljevic and Kujundzic were liberals. Their debate, however, was harsh and long, and the intellectual public followed it with ?particular attention?. They polemicized about, inter alia, the actual philosophical relevance of the issue of idealism vs. materialism. Even though the debate showed inconsistencies and contradictions in argumentation, it led to independence in problem formulation and solving.

Toxomerus Macquart (Diptera: Syrphidae) species from Brazil are revised, including the examination of most of the types. Thirty six species are confirmed. Twenty seven are synonymized: T. dispar (Fabricius, 1794) [=T. vicinus (Macquart, 1846), T. tridentatus (Rondani, 1868) T. annulifer (Bigot, 1884), T. ruficaudatus (Bigot 1884), & T. triangulatus (Hull, 1942)], T. duplicatus (Wiedemann, 1830) [=T. vatius (Walker, 1852), T. gemini (Hull, 1941), T. arcturus (Hull, 1943), T. bipunctatus (Hull, 1943)], Syrphus basalis Walker, 1837 [=T. portius (Walker, 1852), T. rhea (Hull, 1949), T. harlequinus (Hull, 1951)], T. pictus (Macquart, 1842) [=T. jaguarinus (Bigot, 1884), T. maculatus (Bigot, 1884)], T. pulchellus (Macquart, 1846) [=T. punctatus Sack, 1921], T. virgulatus (Schiner, 1868) [=T. confusus (Schiner, 1868)], T. laenas (Walker, 1852) [=T. barbulus (Walker, 1852), T. nitidiventris (Curran, 1930), T. vitreus (Hull, 1941)], T. norma (Curran, 1930) [=T. mulio (Hull, 1941)], T. productus (Curran, 1930) [=T. triradiatus (Hull, 1942), T. camilla (Hull, 1951), T. cyrillus (Hull, 1951), T. vanessa (Hull, 1951)], T. watsoni (Curran, 1930) [=T. lanei (Hull, 1942)], T. steatogaster (Hull, 1941) [=T. steatornis (Hull, 1943)], T. idalius (Hull, 1951) [=T. eurydice (Hull, 1951)]. Two new combinations are presented: Mesogramma apegiensis Harbach, 1974 (=Toxomerus apegiensis) and Syphus basalis Walker, 1837 (= Toxomerus basalis); six new records for Brazil are included: T. difficilis (Curran, 1930), T. idalius (Hull, 1951), T. productus (Curran, 1930), T. purus (Curran, 1930), T. sylvaticus (Hull, 1943) and T. undecimpunctatus (Enderlein, 1938). Three new species are described: Toxomerus mosaicus, Toxomerus papaveroi and Toxomerus paraduplicatus.

All published records on Stratiomyidae from Sardinia were critically evaluated and extensive, recently collected material (more than 500 specimens) was identified. The present review of the soldier flies from Sardinia includes 27 species. Nemotelus niloticus Olivier, 1811 is newly recorded from Europe and Italy, and Lasiopa pseudovillosa Rozkošný, 1983 and Zabrachia tenella (Jaennicke, 1866) are newly recorded from Sardinia. Nemotelus brachystomus Loew, 1846 and N. leucorhynchus Costa, 1884 are proposed as new synonyms of N. notatus Zetterstedt, 1842. Beris hyaliniventris Costa, 1857, the types of which could not be found, is removed from synonymy with Chorisops tibialis (Meigen, 1820) and declared as species incertae sedis. Brief comments are made on the zoogeography of Sardinian soldier flies.

The genus Corema D. Don (1826: 63) (Ericaceae Jussieu 1789: 159) comprises two species. Corema album (Linnaeus 1753: 1022) D. Don (1830: 460) (incl. C. febrifugum Boissier ex Willkomm & Lange 1877: 512) occurs on the west coast of the Iberian Peninsula (subsp. album) from Gibraltar to Finisterre (Willkomm & Lange 1877, Webb 1972, Cabezudo 1987, Villar 1993, Boratyński & Vera de la Puente 1994, López González 2001, Ruiz de la Torre 2006, Gil-López 2011), the Azores (subsp. azoricum Pinto da Silva 1966: 86), and the Mediterranean Basin (Spain, Alicante province, one population) (Solanas 1996, Solanas & Crespo 2001, Serra 2007, Aguilella et al. 2009). Corema conradii (Torrey 1837: 83) Torrey (1842: 1092) occurs on the eastern coast of North America from Newfoundland to New Jersey (Redfield 1884, McEwen 1894, Elisens 2009), and can be distinguished from C. album by its very small fruits which are devoid of fleshiness and covered with elaiosomes (oily appendages associated with ant dispersal) (Redfield 1884, McEwen 1894, Martine et al. 2005). Corema album subsp. azoricum exists on six of the nine islands of the Azores, and below 200 m (Franco 1984) this taxon has been recognized by some authors at the species level as C. azoricum [“azorica”] (Pinto da Silva 1966) Rivas Martínez, Lousã, Fernández Prieto, E. Días, J.C. Costa & C. Aguiar (in Rivas-Martínez, Fernández-González, Loidi, Lousã & Penas 2002: 700).

Abstract Two new species of the genus Glischrochilus Reitter, 1873, subgenus Librodor Reitter, 1884: Glischrochilus (Librodor) pilula sp. nov. (Laos) and Glischrochilus (Librodor) ruzickai sp. nov. (China: Yunnan, Sichuan; Myanmar) are described, figured and compared with other species of the genus. Glischrochilus egregius (Grouvelle, 1895) is formally synonymised with G. egregius cyclops Jelínek, 1975, syn. nov. and G. egregius monticola Jelínek, 1975, syn. nov. – these two forms were established based on different body colouration; however, the study of extensive material revealed that it is variable independently of its geographic origin. The identity of Ips janthinus Reitter, 1877 from Tasmania (previously included in Glischrochilus) is discussed and the species is formally synonymised with Thallis ianthina Erichson, 1842 (Erotylidae). New country records from China, India, Laos, Thailand and Vietnam, or new Chinese provincial records are provided for 14 species. A world checklist of the genus Glischrochilus is appended.

Colchicine is a tricyclic alkaloid extracted from the herbaceous plant Colchicum autumnale. Known since antiquity for its therapeutic efficacy in the treatment of gout, colchicine was reintroduced in 19th century pharmacopeia, thanks to the work of the French chemists and pharmacists Pierre-Joseph Pelletier (1788-1842) and Joseph Bienaimé Caventou (1795-1877) who in 1819, isolated a peculiar substance in the roots of Colchicum autumnale. In 1833, the substance was further analyzed by the German pharmacist and chemist Philipp Lorenz Geiger (1785-1836), who coined the name colchicine. In 1884, the French pharmacist Alfred Houde (1854-1919) produced for the first time pure crystallized colchicine in granules of 1milligram which is still sold under this trade name in several countries. In the last two centuries, colchicine's indications were furthermore expanded. From anti-gout drug during antiquity and a diuretic in 19th century, colchicine is currently administered in several affections such as Adamantiades-Behcet's disease, familial Mediterranean fever, pericarditis and atrial fibrillation.

A synthesis of the present knowledge of the Spanish Peritelini is presented. Two new genera are separated from Peritelus auctt.: Euplister (type species: Peritelus susanae Seidlitz, 1866) and Pseudoperitelus (type species: Peritelus globulicollis Seidlitz, 1862). Thirteen new species are described from Spain: Meira gerundana, M. medae, M. tarraconensis, Pseudomeira baetica, P. eremita, P. lepida, Euplister andalusicus, E. frater, E. megalophthalmus, E. mimus, E. moroderi, E. trifolii, E. velazquezi. New combinations are: Euplister susanae (Seidlitz, 1866), E. hybridus (Seidlitz, 1871), E. setabensis (Hustache, 1921), E. magnicollis (Desbrochers, 1896), E. coniceps (Desbrochers, 1897), Pseudoperitelus senex (Boheman, 1834), P. globulicollis (Seidlitz, 1871), P. espanoli (Roudier, 1958) and P. lopezi (Hoffmann, 1961), and one new synonym is proposed: Simo cremieri (Boheman, 1842) = Peritelus maroccanus Pic, 1920, syn. n. One genus, Meira Jacquelin du Val, 1853, and two species, Gymnomorphus nigrans (Fairmaire, 1862) and Meirella florentina (Stierlin, 1884), are newly recorded from Spain, bringing the total number of Peritelini known from Iberia to ten genera and thirtysix species. Diagnoses, detailed descriptions and data on distribution and ecology, mostly unpublished, are provided for each species, and a catalogue, identification keys, distribution maps and figures of key anatomical characters are added for the Iberian species. Caenopsis Bach, 1854 is excluded from Peritelini and confirmed as belonging in Trachyphloeini.

Orientador: Suzi Frankl Sperber
Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Estudos da Linguagem
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Resumo: A presente tese dedica-se ao estudo de alguns dos pressupostos teóricos subjacentes a leituras críticas de obras das chamadas literaturas africanas de língua portuguesa. Na primeira parte da tese, ¿Traçando o percurso: em terra sonâmbula¿, em que analisamos o romance Terra Sonâmbula, de Mia Couto, duas estratégias de interpretação adquirem destaque: 1) a que enfatiza a busca de traços de oralidade no texto, sugerindo-se que o intertexto com a oralidade determina a estrutura romanesca, sendo a camada dos contos e provérbios decisiva; 2) a que interpreta as estratégias de composição do romance à luz dos desafios que um evento de violência radical, como a guerra civil moçambicana, impõe à narrativa. O recuo teórico, que é empreendido na segunda parte, ¿Desfazendo o traçado: recuo teórico¿, investiga alguns dos pressupostos destas duas estratégias analítico-interpretativas. No capítulo ¿A palavra justa¿, primeiro capítulo da segunda parte, tratamos especialmente do instrumental analítico desenvolvido pelos estudos do discurso testemunhal (com destaque para as teóricas Jeanne-Marie Gagnebin e Shoshana Felman) e pelos estudos pós-coloniais (com destaque para Edward Said, Arlindo Barbeitos e Mudimbe). Nosso foco está na imbricação de estratégias discursivas e posicionamentos ético-políticos, eixo das teorizações dos dois campos teóricos abordados. No segundo capítulo desta segunda parte, intitulado ¿A escrita culpada¿, apresentamos o estudo da dicotomia escrita/oralidade, remontando a Jean-Jacques Rousseau e perpassando teóricos bastante demandados no âmbito dos estudos de traços de oralidade nas literaturas africanas: Vladímir Propp, Walter Benjamin e Paul Zumthor. Nosso interesse é explicitar certas associações (como liberdade, alegria e oralidade versus impedimento, solidão e escrita) e pressupostos (como a linearidade histórica e o condicionamento econômico e/ou de mídia) muitas vezes implicados na reposição desta dicotomia em âmbito dos estudos das literaturas africanas, como também sugerir convergências e divergências nas formulações dos pensadores estudados. A parte final do trabalho (¿Furtivo traçado, algumas considerações finais¿) é dedicada às considerações conclusivas, que relacionam as partes anteriores e incluem uma nova abordagem do romance. De certa forma, a estrutura da tese reflete nosso percurso investigativo, que foi da obra coutiana à investigação teórica, a partir de aspectos de sua fortuna crítica
Abstract: This dissertation is dedicated to the study of some theoretical presuppositions underlying the critical readings of the so-called African Literature of Portuguese Language. In the first part of the dissertation, "Tracing the Path: in Terra Sonâmbula", in which we analyze the book Terra Sonâmbula (Sleepwalking Land), by Mia Couto, two main interpretative strategies are revealed: 1) the one that searches for traces of orality in the text, and suggests that the intertext with orality determines its Romanesque structure ¿ to which the short stories and proverbs are decisive; 2) the one that analyses the novel¿s compositional structures in search of the challenges that a radical event of violence, for example the civil war in Mozambique, imposes to the narrative. The theoretical retreat, which is undertaken in the second part, "Undoing the Path: Theoretical Retreat", investigates some of the suppositions of these two strategies of analysis and interpretation. In the chapter "The Fair Word", first chapter of the second part, we focus on the analytical instruments developed by the studies of testimonial discourses (especially Jeanne-Marie Gagnebin and Shoshana Felman) and the post-colonial discourses (especially Edward Said, Arlindo Barbeitos and Mudimbe). Our focus is on the imbrication between discursive strategies and ethical-political positionings, which form the theoretical core of the two fields approached. In the second chapter of the second part, titled ¿The Guilty Writing¿, we present the study of the dichotomy between writing and orality, remounting to Jean-Jacques Rousseau and perpassing some acclaimed theoreticians of the study of orality traces in African Literature: Vladímir Propp, Walter Benjamin and Paul Zumthor. Our interest is to make explicit certain associations (like freedom, joy and orality versus impediment, solitude and writing) and presuppositions (like the historical linearity and the economical conditioning and/or midia) many times implicated in the repositioning of this dichotomy in the field of African Literature Studies, as well as suggest some convergencies and divergencies in the formulations of these thinkers. The final part of the work (Furtive Writing: Some Final Considerations) is dedicated to conclusive considerations, which relate the previous parts and include a new approach to the novel. Somehow, the structure of the dissertation reflects our investigative path, which went from the Couto's novel to the theoretical investigation of its critical fortune
Mestrado
Literatura Brasileira
Mestre em Teoria e História Literária

This is a study of the international boundaries of Tanganyika: of the means by which they were implemented, of the effects upon the peoples of there region, and of the interaction between the two. Lines were indeed drawn on maps in Europe relating to the political division of Africa. This did not, however, bring about the boundaries in reality. For these lines to become tangible they had to be imposed. Policy differences became sharply demarcated and restrictions were applied, thereby making the boundary real. The effects were by no means entirely negative. Tax differentials and playing one colonial authority off against another allowed Africans to exploit the colonial partition of their continent. Many works have considered the making of Tanganyika with regard to the growth of a national consciousness and the campaign for independence. Little attention, however, has been paid to the making of Tanganyika as a territorial entity. This is the first substantive effort to fill that gap. This thesis assesses the role of colonialism in imposing the western system of political space upon Africa and Africans. It also considers the impact of the partition upon African political, economic and cultural systems before discussing the extent to which the actions of the European colonialists and African borderlanders influenced each other. Its conclusions have some relevance to colonial Africa as a whole but cannot be transferred automatically to the rest of the continent.