Academic literature on the topic '1851-1905'

Types of five of the six Plecoptera species described by Émile Blanchard and the holotype of the single stonefly described by Jules François Mabille were discovered in the National Museum Prague, Czech Republic. The identity of P. myrmidon Mabille, 1891 and P. pictetii Blanchard, 1854 are confirmed as Potamoperla myrmidon and Pictetoperla gayi (Pictet, 1841), respectively. Perla virescentipennis Blanchard, 1851 is considered as Diamphipnopsis virescentipennis comb. n., with Diamphipnosis samali Illies, 1960 syn. n. as a junior subjective synonym, and Diamphipnoa chillanae nom. n. is proposed for D. virescentipennis sensu Illies 1960. Lectotypes are designated for three species: Nemoura rufescens Blanchard, 1851 is redescribed as Austronemoura rufescens (Blanchard, 1851) comb. n., with Perla infuscata Blanchard, 1851 syn. n. and Perla blanchardi Jakobson & Bianchi, 1905 syn. n. designated as junior subjective synonyms, whereas Perla stictica Blanchard, 1851 is treated as Neonemura stictica (Blanchard, 1851) comb. n., nomen dubium. Paralectotypes of these three species belong to further four taxa. Due to the missing syntypes, Perla lineatocollis Blanchard, 1851 is treated as a nomen dubium of uncertain suborder assignment. Specimens of the Blanchard collections that cannot regarded as types are enumerated belonging to six species. Recent collections of 15 species from Chile are also reported.

The examination of the type series of the poorly known Cyclograpsus lophopus Nobili, 1905, which was originally placedin the varunid genus, Cyclograpsus H. Milne Edwards, 1837, has revealed that it belongs instead to the family SesarmidaeDana, 1851. A new genus is also described for C. lophopus because of its very distinct morphological characters, e.g. entire and nearly circular contour of the carapace with trigonal ocular peduncles, and short and flattened ambulatory legs.

The Brazilian expeditions REVIZEE Central Fishery and Campos Basin Deep Sea Environmental Project collected samples from the southwestern Atlantic, between depths from 200 to 2200m. These expeditions sampled three Plesionika Bate, 1888 species: Plesionika edwardsii (Brandt, 1851), P. ensis (A. Milne Edwards, 1881) and P. miles (A. Milne Edwards, 1883). Besides that, one species of Stylopandalus Coutiére, 1905, a genus never recorded on Brazilian coast before, was collected. These four pandalids were redescribed and figured.

Familielivets mest intime rum henligger normalt i et historisk mørke, men enkelte gange kommer vi alligevel indenfor. Kilderne er sparsomme, fordi myndighederne ikke har interesseret sig videre for at dokumentere familiernes hverdag – medmindre noget var galt. Kun når det var tilfældet, som for eksempel i voldssager og børneværnssager, åbnes dørene ind til privatsfæren. Forfatterne følger i denne artikel tre voldsramte familier med henblik på at komme helt tæt på deres hverdag og de udfordringer, volden kunne medføre for familierne i form af myndighedernes indblanding, naboernes nysgerrige blikke og ægtefællernes egne bristede forventninger til en hverdag, der ikke levede op til idealet. Volden har således gennem tiden presset familier på andre planer end det rent fysiske.

This article discusses the origins and early development of Chinese documentaries. Cinematography in almost all countries began with documentaries, because from the very beginning cinema existed as a means of recording. Chinese documentaries, which appeared in 1905, are no exception either. Documentaries reveal the history of Chinese cinematography. The first film produced by the Chinese was a piece from the Beijing Opera. The development of science and technology, especially photography, created necessary preconditions for the invention of cinema. In 1839, a photography emerged. In 1840, a reduction in exposure time was invented. In 1851, a photograph with moving person and an animal was taken. In 1851, the first photograph was taken. In 1878, a camera roll was invented. In 1888, the French physiologist Dules Marey presented the French Academy of Sciences with the world’s first film camera. In 1888, the film was invented. In 1892, Mr. Marei’s assistant showed moving photographs on the screen. On 28 December 1895, the Frenchman Louis Lumière in one of the cafes of Paris officially showed his films: «The doors of the factory», «The arrival of the train» etc. It is believed that in different countries of the world that this show started the era of cinematography. In early 1896, Lumière hired more than 20 people as assistants, and sent them around the world to show his film. At this time, China, India and Japan had their first film screenings. In addition, Lumière had sent many cameramen around the world to shoot the film, including to China. Therefore, the earliest films about China were not made by the Chinese themselves, but by foreign entrepreneurs. Under the influence of «Western Shadow Theatre» the Chinese also began their attempts in film production organization. In 1905, the Chinese made their first silent film in Beijing.

A new species of the hermit crab genus Diogenes Dana, 1851 (Diogenidae), D. canaliculatus, is described and illustrated on the basis of material from off the Kerala State, southern India. It is referred to the D. edwardsii (De Haan, 1849) species group, and compared with D. bicristimanus Alcock, 1905, D. fasciatus Rahayu & Forest, 1995, D. laevicarpus Rahayu, 1996 and D. moosai Rahayu & Forest, 1995. The characteristically sculptured left chela and the unarmed dorsal margins of the propodi of the second and third pereopods distinguish the new species from these congeners.

This paper brings a series of contributions to the taxonomy of the Zethini: description of a new species, Zethus denticlypeus Lopes, sp. n.; description of the female of Z. anomalus Cooper, 1999; description of the males of Z. angustior Bohart & Stange, 1965, Z. clypeolaris Bohart & Stange, 1965, Z. satanicus Bohart & Stange, 1965 and Argentozethus willinki Stange, 1979; synonymy of Discoelius argentinus Brèthes, 1905 under Z. dicomboda Spinola, 1851; and rearrangements for the species of Raphiglossoides Giordani Soika, 1936, with Raphiglossoides minutus (Gusenleitner, 2000) (= R. aethiopicus Giordani Soika, 1936) and R. gibbus (Gusenletiner, 2000) n. comb.

The manipulation of the image of Afro-descendants in XIX century travel narratives accounts for certain ideological practices. This essay does not only reflect on the representation of the Other. It also seeks to explore the ambivalence that occurs in the contact zones as well as discursive strategies used to depict Otherness. The recurrent portrayals of these populations turn out to be revealing because of all the ideas, attitudes and prejudice they convey. How do these rhetorical mechanisms come into play and what tensions do they inscribe? We will attempt to reflect on these issues through the exploration and comparison of travel accounts written by four travelers: Alexander Von Humboldt (1769-1859), Flora Tristán (1803-1844), Charles Darwin (1809-1882) and Miguel Cané (1851-1905). Keywords: Ambivalence, Travel literature, Post-colonialism, Identity, Representation, Race, Diaspora.

The pedracista electoral coalition that was formed in Mexico during the 1828 presidential elections was deliberately ignored by the traditional historiography of the early national period. Instead it concentrated on the leaders of the liberal struggle, deeming this alliance unworthy of study. There were essentially two key reasons why this happened. On the one hand, General Manuel Gómez Pedraza (1789-1851) was not an archetypal liberal patriot in the mould of those heroes that were exalted and written about by Mexico’s Porfirian and PRIísta historians. His politics were associated with a certain ideological indeterminateness as a result of his moderate stance, proving problematic to historians who were intent on developing a liberal and subsequently post-revolutionary historia patria. On the other hand, the official historiography accepted, unquestioningly, the critical version of his actions that his opponents circulated at the time. As a result of this, the yorkino version of the events is the one that prevailed, casting Pedraza in the role of staunch anti-yorkino in a simplistic bipartisan vision of Mexican politics that depicted the political tensions of the time as a clear-cut confrontation between the pedracista aristocrats and the democratic yorkino followers of mulatto hero of the War of Independence, General Vicente Guerrero (1783-1831). This two-dimensional dichotomy has only recently started to be nuanced by the revisionist historiography of the last thirty years. This has been due, in great measure, to the fact that the traditional interpretation of the pedracista coalition posed a number of significant problems when attempting to understand the political behaviour of the people involved. Above all, it was an interpretation that proved incapable of explaining how such a variety of political tendencies, represented by those individuals who joined the alliance that backed Pedraza’s presidential candidacy, could have come together; i.e., anti-masonic groups, the imparciales, certain yorkinos and former escoceses. This thesis aims to explain what brought these individuals, whose political ideas were ostensibly incompatible, together, in what resulted in a particularly resourceful and successful electoral force. The pedracista coalition represented the first political formation in Mexico that came together specifically to win a presidential election. It was one which set out to bring an end to the political interference of Masonic societies in Mexico, and in particular, that of the Rite of York lodges. It also challenged the yorkinos’ electoral campaign by criticising their leader, Guerrero, and, by highlighting the negative aspects of their Masonic faction. It pointed out, moreover, the dangers inherent in a central administration led by guerrerista yorkinos and, in so doing, made clear the problems that were to be found in the political ideas these individuals stood for, depicting them as partisan, ignorant, and representative of the popular classes. The pedracista coalition argued that the presidency needed to go to someone who did not belong to any particular party, who was virtuous, who was renowned for being hard-working and energetic in government, and who belonged to the exclusive circles frequented by the “hombres de bien”. Given that Pedraza won the elections, it is evident that his coalition benefited from a constitutional structure that favoured his candidacy, gaining, at the same time, the public validation of the governmental authorities in place at the time. However, Pedraza’s candidacy was defeated by the armed mobilizations that ensued in the pronunciamientos pro-yorkino followers launched from October to November 1828, and was consequently eliminated from the political scene until late 1832 given that the leaders of the imparciales as well as Pedraza himself chose not to fight back or support a counter-revolution. During the electoral campaign, the pedracista coalition displayed, with astounding clarity, what it thought were the essential qualities a president needed to possess and, likewise presented a distinctive appreciation of how it thought the Mexican political class should behave. In this sense, the coalition’s views, captured in its votes, networks and press articles, offer a fascinating snapshot of what were the fundamental themes of the Mexican republic during its formative years as a nation-state, and how this ignored political grouping interpreted them. Of particular interest is the manner in which the pedracista coalition explored the ways in which political legitimacy, participation and representation were to be understood, defended, and systematised. By studying the pedracista coalition this thesis offers, for the first time, a detailed analysis of the nature and dynamics of Mexican politics in the mid-late 1820s, as experienced, discussed, and represented by the short-lasting yet effective alliance that was forged around the candidacy of Manuel Gómez Pedraza.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-28T14:16:26Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 HCS - Djalma Pedro da Silva.pdf: 6923991 bytes, checksum: da92363752cbc8ecab94401c6dd44dec (MD5) Previous issue date: 2006-10-03
Secretaria da Educação do Estado de São Paulo
This study focuses on the Geographical and Geological Commissionof São Paulo, directed by American Geologist, Orville A. Derby (1851-1915), The the geographical surveys through method of geodesic triangulation, carried commission, between 1886 and 1905, Derby intended to use natural resources according to a long term plan, which would avoid danger in nature. This study intends alto to point out he role played by cartography in the history of science in Brazil
Esta dissertação investiga alguns trabalhos da Comissão Geográfica e Geológica da Província de São Paulo, tendo como foco as idéias do geólogo norte americano Orville Adelbert Derby (1851-1915), que foi o primeiro chefe dessa Comissão. A pesquisa aborda os levantamentos geográficos através do método de triangulação geodésica, realizados por essa comissão, entre 1886 e 1905, com intuito de aproveitar os recursos naturais, desenvolver o conhecimento científico e utilizá-lo no planejamento a longo prazo causando menos danos à natureza, analisam-se algumas idéias que eram discutidas em relação à forma de exploração do território paulista. Procurando-se, verificar como estas eram utilizadas por Derby para embasar seu pensamento e fundamentar seu trabalho de acordo com teorias que julgava serem mais avançadas. A análise das dificuldades para um melhor aproveitamento dos recursos naturais a longo prazo permeou essa pesquisa, permitindo ressaltar a importância da cartografia, dos relatórios, mapas, cartas e esboços para História da Ciência no Brasil

Discussions about the display of Indian art and material culture in the Victorian imperial metropolis have largely focused on the Great Exhibition of 1851 and its progeny, the South Kensington Museum (now the Victoria and Albert Museum). However, the Crystal Palace at Sydenham Hill was an important, but much overlooked, location of imperial and colonial display well into the twentieth century. This essay begins by examining the Sydenham Palace at a site of imperial spectacle from its opening in 1854 and well into the twentieth century. Relevant events included the African Exhibition of 1895, the opening of the Victoria Cross Gallery in the same year and the Colonial Exhibition of 1905, and the display of Major Robert Gill’s copies of the frescoes from the Buddhist rock-cut temples at Ajanta in India (until they were destroyed by fire in 1866). The crowning occasion in the Sydenham series of imperial events was the Festival of Empire in 1911 which celebrated the ascension of George V as ‘King-Emperor’. Taking the 1911 Festival as a case study, this essay explores the complex and often conflicting narratives of empire that were communicated through the courts and grounds at Sydenham.

Family magazines such as the Leisure Hour (1852–1905) and All the Year Round (1859–95) featured articles on the rise of new visual media technologies, linking them to domestic consumption and a rapidly shifting urban environment. In this essay, Charlotte Boman focuses specifically on the stereoscope, which became popular after being introduced to the public at the Great Exhibition (1851). Photography was a frequent topic of discussion in the mid-Victorian periodical press and played a key role in constructing the relationship between middle-class domesticity and the urban environment, demonstrating the ‘reciprocity between graphic and verbal culture and the resulting erosion of the private-public dichotomy’ (p. 216). Because women were so closely associated with privacy and domestic life, urban photography had the effect of unsettling conventional gender relations and destabilising the divide between public and private space.