Academic literature on the topic '1855-1930'

A man of considerable complexity, Edward Angle combined a fierce determination to achieve perfection with an uncompromising demand that all those around him should also be imbued with the same commitment. It was a combination that enabled Angle to become an icon in Dentistry, for he is widely regarded as the father of modern Orthodontics and his concepts and appliances still provide the foundation for much of the discipline today. He was born in Herrick, Pennsylvania on June 1st 1855. Abandoning the option to continue the family tradition of farming, the young Angle apprenticed himself to a dentist, then enrolled as a student in the Pennsylvania College of Dental Surgery. He developed an abiding interest in the challenges of malocclusion and became known for his innovative views on corrective treatment. Appointed as teacher in Orthodontics at St Louis and Washington Universities where the subject was a minor component of the Department of Prosthetics, he became convinced that the discipline warranted separate educational facilities. That became a lifelong objective and indeed resulted in the first institution devoted exclusively to the teaching of Orthodontics... recognised by the State of California in 1924 and designated as The Edward H Angle College of Orthodontia.

5 species of the genus Apha Walker, 1855 are included here under the floralis group, three of which are described as new: A. zephyrussp. nov. (type locality: China, Yunnan, Dianceng Shan, 2.200 m), A. wittisp. nov. (type locality: China, Sichuan, Qionglai Shan, 1.400 m) and A. chloralissp. nov. (type locality: Vietnam, Cha Val, Nam Giang, Quang Nam, 546 m). Types of all species are illustrated, biology and morphology of preimaginal instars are discussed for A. kantonensis Mell, [1930] and A. chloralissp. nov. A new synonymy for Apha Walker, 1855 and Preptothauma Draudt, 1931 (including a single mislabeled species P. oxydiata Draudt, 1931), syn. nov. is established.

El descubridor de las vitaminas fue el polaco Casimir Funk (1884-1976), su experiencia fue posible gracias a los estudios efectuados previamente por el médico Christian Eijkman (1855- 1930), que había investigado la importancia del cascabillo del arroz en la curación y prevención del beriberi, una enfermedad neurológica debida a carencias alimentarlas y particularmente difundida en Asia.

Abstract Much of what is known about Edward Hartley Angle, MD, DDS (1855–1930), the acknowledged “father” of modern orthodontics, has been derived from secondary sources, accounts written by his contemporaries and others. New historical research using primary sources, largely the recently published four-volume sourcebook of Angle's correspondence and business transactions from 1899 to 1910, gives a broad view of the personality, interests, and activities of this prime mover in the evolution of orthodontics. This three-part article highlights aspects of Edward H. Angle's life and persona, based on new findings culled from his letters and other personal documents. Part 3 presents a biographical chronology of Angle's remarkable life.

The previously monotypic genus Agnoea Walsingham, 1907 is shortly reviewed. The following synonymy is established: Agnoea Walsingham, 1907 = Pseudatemelia Rebel, 1910, syn. nov. = Tubulifera Spuler, 1910, syn. nov. = Tubuliferola Strand, 1917, syn. nov. = Tubuliferodes Toll, 1956, syn. nov. (as a subgenus); Agnoea aeneella (Rebel, 1910) = Borkhausenia chalcocrates Meyrick, 1930, syn. nov. The genus Agnoea is restricted to the Palearctic region and includes the following nineteen species: Agnoea aeneella (Rebel, 1910), comb. nov.; A. amparoella (Vives, 1986), comb. nov.; A. colurnella (Mann, 1867), comb. nov.; A. detrimentella (Staudinger, 1859), comb. nov.; A. elsae (Svensson, 1982), comb. nov.; A. filiella (Staudinger, 1859), comb. nov.; A. flavifrontella ([Denis et Schiffermüller], 1775), comb. nov.; A. fuscifrontella (Constant, 1885), comb. nov.; A. josephinae (Toll, 1956), comb. nov.; A. kurentzovi (Lvovsky, 2001), comb. nov.; A. langohri (E. Palm, 1990), comb. nov.; A. latipennella (Jäckh, 1959), comb. nov.; A. lavandulae (Mann, 1855), comb. nov.; A. pallidella (Jäckh, 1972), comb. nov.; A. semifuscata (Walsingham, 1911), comb. nov.; A. subgilvida (Walsingham, 1901), comb. nov.; A. subochreella (Doubleday, 1859), comb. nov.; A. synchrozella (Jäckh, 1959), comb. nov.; A. xanthosoma (Rebel, 1900), comb. nov. Lectotype is designated for Borkhausenia chalcocrates Meyrick, 1930. The annotated list of species of Agnoea (including information on type material and distribution, as well as nomenclatural comments) is given.

Ants occur in all strata of tropical forest by nesting, foraging and interacting with plants and other resident in these habitats. It is know that a large number of ant species live in the leaflitter and soil. This study aim to know if the occurrence of the species of ants from Cerrado of the Northeastern State of Maranhão depends on the attributes of soils and climatic factors. We found 48 species of ants, and ten of them had highest importance value, and are correlated with the soil properties, litter biomass, basal area, humidity and temperature, by using principal component analysis (PCA). The soil properties (density, porosity, particle size, aggregate stability index, and levels of Mg2+, Ca2+, carbon and potential acidity); vegetation (basal area and dry mass of litter) and temperature and humidity at soil level affect the occurrence of the following ants species Camponotus comatulus Mackay, 2010, Ectatomma muticum Mayr, 1870, Pseudomyrmex boopis (Roger, 1863), Pseudomyrmex termitarius (Smith, 1855), Dinoponera gigantea (Peerty, 1833), Ochetomyrmex neopolitus Fernández, 2003, Crematogaster cf acuta, Pheidole casta Wheeler, 1908, Solenopsis bruesi Creighton, 1930 and Solenopsis. Substituta Santschi, 1925.

L'œuvre de l'architecte Jacques Hermant commence en 1880 et s'achève en 1930. Auteur d'un important patrimoine immobilier (environ 80 œuvres), Hermant est un architecte de formation classique très imprégné de la doctrine rationaliste. Fidèle aux styles historicistes pour traiter l'enveloppe de ses bâtiments, il est un des rares architectes de sa génération à opter pour des solutions radicalement différente et modernes pour distribuer et pour concevoir les espaces. Sur ce point, il figure parmi les pionniers dans l'utilisation des structures poutres-planchers en béton armé (en 1899, il réalise le premier grand magasin suivant ce système) puis généralise son emploi lors de la construction de la salle de concert Gaveau et l’élévation de la tour des titres pour le compte de la Société générale. Son œuvre principale comprend la caserne de la garde républicaine, les trois établissements pour la Société générale et l'école navale de Brest. Confronté à l'euphorie de la société industrielle, Hermant fait partie de ces architectes qui relèvent le défi de répondre aux besoins modernes sans rien oublier des valeurs traditionnelles. L'originalité de son œuvre repose sur un double mouvement prospectif et rétrospectif : tout en exploitant les ressources des nouveaux matériaux et en affrontant les problèmes posés par les programmes de la civilisation industrielle, Hermant épuise l'héritage classique et prépare l'architecture moderne
The work of Hermant begin in 1880 and stop to 1930. He is an important architect who built more eighteen buildings. After a schooling at the evolve des beaux-arts, he works with his father. His formation is classic and he learns the theories of rationalism. Hermant is an adept of the histories styles when he erect the elevations but inside these building, he adopts a modern and varied techniques like steel and reinforced concrete structure : in 1899, he built the first store with this technic and after, used this material for elevated the "salle de concert Gaveau" and the tower of bank Société générale. Principal works of Hermant are one casern for the republic guardsmen, there buildings for the Société générale bank and the navy school of Brest. Hermant is an architect who has not forgotten the tradition of French architecture during all the career. He must be considered like a classical architect and a modern architect

Aquesta tesi s'emmarca en l'espai polític etíop i abasta cronològicament la fase 1855-1930. Es tracta d'una anàlisi al voltant de les transformacions que es produeixen entre els regnats de Tewódros II (1855-1868) i Menelik II (1889-1913), on els principals eixos d'estudi són la tradició i la modernitat. La qüestió que s'hi planteja és: Que té l’espai polític etíop anterior a la coronació de Haile Sellassie d'estat modern i quina presència real te el model cultural i polític associat al salomonisme? Tot mirant de respondre a aquesta qüestió clau, s'hi analitzen altres temes que són complementaris i que d'alguna manera, es dedueixen del binomi modernitat-tradició. Entre aquests hi ha la batalla d'Adwa (1896) com a element fundador d'aquesta modernitat, o bé, de forma més diluïda el procés de Statebuilding dut a terme per Tewódros II, Yohannes IV i Menelik II, cadascú amb el seu propi projecte d'estat. Una altra qüestió que requereix atenció és el desplegament de l'autoritat de la reialesa: com a aquesta a través d'una sèrie de mecanismes es legitima, per mitjà del discurs escrit, però també per mitjà de l'escenografia del poder i de la selecció de determinades accions d'ordre polític. També caldrà analitzar les relacions entre el centre de poder i els centres secundaris, entre la capital i les províncies, entre totes elles i la perifèria immediata- o suburbial- i la que es troba més allunyada. Tot plegat va lligat amb els discursos sobre el poder i també emesos des d'aquest i té a veure amb l'apropiació i exercici d'una determinada narrativa històrica i un projecte de país. La investigació es recolza, a més a més d’un estudi del país com a realitat política en transformació a partir de textos històrics, en l’anàlisi comparatiu d’estudis de cas, tot comparant el procés abissini amb Egipte, Oman-Zanzíbar i Madagascar al llarg del s. XIX. Certament, l'aplicació i anàlisi d'estudis de cas permet establir una mesura qualitativa del grau d'implantació de la modernització a la llum de les grans transformacions del segle i de la penetració d'idees que en el llarg recorregut degotegen al continent des dels inicis de la presència europea.
Esta tesis se enmarca en el espacio político etíope y abarca cronológicamente la fase 1855-1930. Se trata de un análisis en torno a las transformaciones que se produjeron entre los reinados de Tewodros II (1855-1868) y Menelik II (1889-1913), tomando como principal eje de estudio la tradición y la modernidad. La cuestión que se plantea es: ¿Qué tiene el espacio político etíope anterior a la coronación de Haile Sellassie de estado moderno y qué presencia real tiene el modelo cultural y político asociado al Salomonismo? Además de tratar de responder a esta cuestión clave, se analizan otros temas que son complementarios y que de alguna manera, se deducen del binomio modernidad-tradición. Entre estos está la batalla de Adwa (1896) como elemento fundador de esta modernidad, o si se prefiere, de forma más diluida, el proceso de Statebuilding llevado a cabo por Tewodros II, Yohannes IV y Menelik II, cada uno con su propio proyecto de estado. Otra cuestión que requiere atención es el despliegue de la autoridad de la realeza: como esta se legitima a través de una serie de mecanismos, recurriendo al discurso escrito, la escenografía del poder – el llamado Estado Teatral- y la elección de determinadas acciones de orden político. También habrá que analizar las relaciones entre el centro de poder y los centros secundarios, entre la capital y las provincias, entre todas ellas y la periferia inmediatamente suburbial- y la que se encuentra más alejada. Todo ello va ligado con los discursos sobre el poder y también emitidos desde este y tiene que ver con la apropiación y ejercicio de una determinada narrativa histórica y un proyecto de país. La investigación se apoya, además de un estudio del país como realidad política en transformación a partir de textos históricos, en el análisis comparativo de estudios de caso, comparando el proceso abisinio con Egipto, Omán-Zanzíbar y Madagascar a lo largo del s. XIX. Ciertamente, la aplicación y análisis de estudios de caso permite establecer una medida cualitativa del grado de implantación de la modernización a la luz de las grandes transformaciones del siglo, tomando en consideración que el concepto, “modernización” se refiera aquí principalmente a la penetración de ideas, proceso de largo recorrido que se remonta a los orígenes y gradual implantación de la presencia europea en el continente africano.
The present thesis focuses on the Horn of Africa as a political region, between mid-nineteenth century and early twentieth century. It analyses the developments that took place between the reigns of Tewodros II (1855-1868) and Menelik II (1889-1913). This paper stresses the relevance of the relationship between tradition and modernity. The question at stake is: To what extent is the political Ethiopian entity prior to Haile Sellassie’s coronation a modern state and how much is there of the political and cultural tradition associated with Neo-Salomonism? While trying to answer this two fold question, other issues will be analyzed. These issues are complementary and can be inferred from the binomial relationship that arises from tradition and modernity. Among them, the Batlle of Adwa (1896), which can be considered a hallmark in the modernizing process, along with Tewódros II’s, Yohannes IV’s and Menelik II’s efforts, each of them including variations of a wider state-building scheme. Another issue that requires attention is the different ways in which royal authority deploys itself through written speech, the selection of different political strategies and mechanisms, and finally, royal etiquette and ritual, that is: the Theater State. The existing connections between the capital city and the provincial centers, the central and the local levels of power, what is the immediate periphery and the regions that fall far from the center need also to be discussed. The methodology used is based on thorough research of textual analysis of primary and secondary sources. Some case studies are considered in the light of changes occurring throughout the 19th Century in East Africa. The chosen case-studies refer to Egypt at the time of Muhammad Ali and Khedive Ismail, the sultanate of Oman-Zanzibar and, finally, Madagascar in the years before the French conquest. Certainly, a regional and synchronic approach through case-study analysis should help to establish a qualitative measure of the degree of modernization in the light of the great transformations of the century. Finally, it must be said that this modernization process is seen not from the traditional evolutionary perspective, but rather, a penetration of ideas and gradual transformation of local cultures, which began with the early contacts with European travelers.

Les aspects algébriques de l'opérateur de translation sur un espace de polynômes sont bien connus. Ils permettent de rendre compte de notions telles que les polynômes d'Appell, les opérateurs invariants par translation et la formule d'Euler-McLaurin. Dans les années 1970, G. -C. Rota en a donné une approche nouvelle en interprétant l'opérateur de translation comme un comultiplication. Dans cette thèse, nous étendons certains résultats de Rota à une cogèbre arbitraire. Notre approche est caractérisée par le fait qu'elle peut être transposée dans d'autres contextes où l'on dispose d'une catégorie monoïdale. En la formulant par exemple pour les espaces localement convexes, on obtient une généralisation de la notion de moyenne-périodicité introduite par J. Delsarte dans les années 1930
The algebra of the translation operator on a space of polynomials is well known and is the key to objects such as Appell polynomials, shift-invariant operators and the Euler-McLaurin summation formula. In the 1970's G. -C. Rota proposed a new approach by interpreting the translation operator as a comultiplication. In the present thesis, we generalize some of Rota's results to arbitrary coalgebras. Our appproach is singled out by the fact that it may be tranposed to any context where an appropriate monoidal category is available. For example, the formulation for locally convex spaces provides a generalization of the concept of mean-periodicity, which goes back to J. Delsarte in the 1930's

La presente investigación trata el tema de José de Diego ante Manuel Zeno Gandía durante los años de 1890 a 1918. El objetivo de este trabajo es demostrar que las Crónicas de un mundo enfermo de Manuel Zeno Gandía fueron escritas en clave para ocultar el verdadero personaje que es José de Diego. Esta investigación está plenamente justificada, ya que se desconoce el pensamiento político de Manuel Zeno Gandía y la crítica que hizo sobre José de Diego en sus obras. Para lograr mis objetivos fue necesario descifrar las claves que aparecen en las novelas-crónicas de Zeno Gandía. Para descifrarlas estudié la vida y la obra política tanto de Manuel Zeno Gandía como de José de Diego. Descubrí los recursos literarios utilizados por Zeno Gandía para indicar que José de Diego es el personaje detrás de los personajes. Comparé los discursos políticos, la vida y la obra literaria de de Diego con el contenido de la obra de Zeno Gandía. Corroboré los datos históricos en Fuentes primarias y secundarias sobre el período estudiado. Utilicé como fuentes primarias la obra escrita y manuscritos de Manuel Zeno Gandía y de José de Diego, la prensa de la época y documentos de los partidos políticos en los cuales ambos autores participaron. Encontré que en las Crónicas de un mundo enfermo Manuel Zeno Gandía utiliza una serie de claves y recursos literarios para que el lector advierta que la persona oculta detrás de cada personaje es José de Diego. Un ejemplo es la alusión. Zeno Gandía hace en las Crónicas constantes alusiones a la vida y la obra de José de Diego. Otro hallazgo importante es que Zeno Gandía dirigió su crítica a de Diego porque vio en él una personalidad contradictoria, que decía tener unas posturas políticas radicales, pero al llevarlas a la práctica se convertían en moderadas. Por último, hallamos a un Manuel Zeno Gandía nuevo, el militante político participante del Partido Autonomista, el Partido Autonomista Ortodoxo, el Parido Republicano, el Partido Unión de Puerto Rico y el primer Partido de la Independencia de Puerto Rico. Antes sólo se había estudiado como literato. El primer capítulo de esta tesis está dedicado a la explicación del significado de las claves utilizadas por Manuel Zeno Gandía en sus novelas-crónicas. El segundo capítulo expone los años de militancia política tanto de Zeno Gandía como de José de Diego desde 1890 hasta 1898 y cómo se refleja en las novelas-crónicas. En el tercer capítulo se trabajan los años de transición del régimen político español al estadounidense en Puerto Rico que van desde 1898 hasta 1900, la repercusión que tiene en ambos líderes estudiados y cómo lo plantea Zeno Gandía en sus novelas-crónicas. El cuarto capítulo es sobre los años en que se afianza el gobierno civil estadounidense bajo la Ley Foraker de 1900 a 1917, estudio las posturas políticas asumidas por de Diego y Zeno Gandía ante temas como el desarrollo de esta ley, el status político de la Isla entre otros y cómo aparecen discutidos en las novelas crónicas. El quinto capítulo expone el tema del proyecto de Ley Jones de 1917, que otorgaba la ciudadanía estadounidense a los puertorriqueños, la discusión que se generó y su repercusión en las novelas-crónicas.
The current investigation is about Manuel Zeno Gandía's stance towards José de Diego during the 1890-1918 period. The primary objective of this work is to demonstrate that the Chronicles of a Sick World (as roughly translated. Crónicas de un mundo enfermo, in Spanish) by Zeno Gandía was written in code to obscure the true character in display: José de Diego's. The investigation considers the political thought of Manuel Zeno Gandía which had until then been undiscovered, and the critique expressed towards José de Diego. To back my objective, it was necessary to decipher the codes appearing in Zeno Gandía's chronicle-novels. To decipher them, I studied the life and legacies of both Zeno Gandía and compared their political discourses, life, and literary works. The historical aspect is factually backed with multiple primary and secondary sources from the time period, like published literature and manuscripts of Zeno Gandía and de Diego and other sources like newspapers and documents released by the political parties each had participated in. What I found is that in Crónicas de un mundo enfermo Manuel Zeno Gandía utilizes a series of clues as literary resources that points to José de Diego being whom is represented. An example of this is the use of the constant allusions used in Crónicas to de Diego's life and work. Another important find is that Zeno Gandía directed his critique towards de Diego because in him he found a contradictory personality, because though seeming to have certain radical political views, when put in practice de Diego turned out to be more of a moderate, in Zeno Gandía's thought. Lastly, Manuel Zeno Gandía is viewed in a new light- as a political militant, participant of the Partido Autonomista (autonomous party), Partido Autonomista Ortodoxo (orthodox autonomous party), Partido Republicano (republican party), Partido Unión de Puerto Rico (union party of Puerto Rico), and the first Partido de la Independencia de Puerto Rico (first independence party of Puerto Rico). Previously he had only been studied and regarded as a writer.

Tese de mestrado em Estudos Comparatistas apresentada à Faculdade de Letras da Universidade de Lisboa, 2009
A presente dissertação visa propor a noção de fronteira como signo central e elemento funcional das seguintes obras de três autores portugueses do fim-de-século: algumas narrativas escolhidas de três livros de contos de Fialho de Almeida, o Sentimento dum Ocidental de Cesário Verde e Os Pobres de Raul Brandão. A fronteira é nestas obras uma presença fulcral de duas formas básicas: enquanto dimensão do espaço e enquanto ideia subjacente aos fenómenos culturais e literários do finimundismo e do finisterra. Há nas narrativas dos dois autores espaços fronteiriços quer no mundo rural e natural, quer no urbano. Essas figurações serão representativas da forma como eles lidam com a profunda transformação espacial do fim-de-século português, no sentido de uma alteração das harmonias seculares entre esses dois mundos provocada pela densificação do urbanismo. As relações entre memória e imaginação serão os instrumentos privilegiados para interpretar e superar essa fronteira primacial. Em Brandão a fronteira divide dois espaços ou planos ontológicos: a natureza imaginal e a cidade. Na segunda parte da tese é explorada a questão do imaginário finissecular que lemos enquanto imaginário da fronteira: o apocalipse e o finisterra. As formas pelas quais, nos três autores, os limites temporais e outros limites que os simbolizam são transformáveis em fronteiras traduzem-se na procura de saídas para lá do confinamento urbano: essas saídas serão o escapismo visionário em Cesário, tentando ver, para além da desgregação apocalíptica das formas e da prisão do finisterra, novas imagens possíveis de renovação espácio-temporal. Em Fialho o investimento será feito sobretudo na exploração das tipologias humanas e urbanas da fauna apocalíptica, pela própria degradação visual e física que o apocalipse permite. Já em Raul Brandão o finimundismo exprime-se como procura da regeneração dos seres e de uma justificação e
This dissertation focuses on the notion of frontier as a main symbol and as a functional element in the works of three portuguese authors of late nineteenth century: some narratives from three short story books by Fialho de Almeida, Sentimento dum Ocidental (The Feelings of a Westerner) by Cesário Verde and Os Pobres (The Poor) by Raul Brandão. The notion of frontier is crucial in two ways: as dimension of space and as an idea that underlies the literary and cultural phenomena of the apocalypse and the end of the earth. In the narratives of both authors we can find frontier and transitional spaces both in the rural and natural world as well as in the urban sphere. They illustrate the way Fialho and Brandão cope with the profound transformation of space in the end of the nineteenth century in Portugal, which came to alter the secular harmony between those two worlds due to urban growth. The relationship between memory and imagination will be the privileged tools to interpret and overcome this frontier. In Brandão the frontier divides two spaces or ontological plans: the imagined nature and the city. In the second part of the thesis we will explore the mythology of the end of the century, which we will read as a mythology of the frontier: the apocalypse and the end of the earth. The ways through which, in these three authors, the temporal limits (and other limits that symbolize them) may be turned into frontiers can be translated in the search of ways out of the urban confinement: these will be the visionary escapism of Cesário, who will try to see beyond the apocalyptical detachment of forms and the prison of the end of the earth (these are new possible images of spatial and temporal renewal). In Fialho this investment will be done specially through exploring the human and urban typologies of the apocalyptical fauna (through the visual and physical degradation that the apocalypse allows). In Raul Brandão the end of the world is expressed as the search of reg

This chapter describes how the Indian functioned as a figure of American national identity within Britain. By the time of the 1851 Great Exhibition, America was presenting herself as a thoroughly modern country, yet the empty floor spaces within the U.S. section of the exhibition provided plenty of opportunity to assess this claim, as well as to consider the implications of unpopulated—or apparently unpopulated—space. The sculptural figure of the Wounded Indian, which formed part of the American exhibit, was readily seized upon for its ironic potential. In the light of national self-presentation, the chapter asks whether or not the Indian was, in Britain, identified with, or against, American identity in the midcentury, a question that is highly pertinent to the reception of Henry Wadsworth Longfellow's poem Hiawatha (1855). The figure of Hiawatha provides an example, moreover—albeit highly fictionalized and idealized—of the ideals of noble masculinity, something that continues the emphasis on the strongly gendered way in which Native Americans were understood.