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1

Girault, Jacques, and Claude Mesliand. "Paysans du Vaucluse (1860-1939)." Le Mouvement social, no. 163 (April 1993): 116. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3779081.

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PRESTWICH, PATRICIA E. "Paul-Maurice Legrain (1860-1939)." Addiction 92, no. 10 (October 1997): 1255–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1360-0443.1997.tb02845.x.

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3

Hass, L. F. "Anton Freiherr von Eiselsberg (1860-1939)." Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery & Psychiatry 72, no. 2 (February 1, 2002): 273. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/jnnp.72.2.273.

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Głowacka-Sobiech, Edyta. "Kazimierz Szmyd, Twórcy nauk o wychowaniu w środowisku akademickim Lwowa (1860-1939), Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Rzeszowskiego, Rzeszów 2003, ss. 530." Biuletyn Historii Wychowania, no. 17/18 (February 4, 2019): 89–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.14746/bhw.2003.17.18.14.

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Dalloz, Jacques, and Laurence Monnais-Rousselot. "Medecine et colonisation. L'aventure indochinoise (1860-1939)." Vingtième Siècle. Revue d'histoire, no. 67 (July 2000): 197. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3772669.

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6

Wilkes, John, and R. D. Anderson. "The Student Community at Aberdeen, 1860-1939." History of Education Quarterly 30, no. 1 (1990): 122. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/368771.

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7

Anderson, R. D. "Sport in the Scottish universities, 1860–1939." International Journal of the History of Sport 4, no. 2 (September 1987): 177–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09523368708713624.

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8

Salcman, Michael. "Zodiac (1896) by Alphonse Mucha (1860-1939)." Neurosurgery 76, no. 5 (May 2015): 499–504. http://dx.doi.org/10.1227/neu.0000000000000731.

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9

Laidler, D. "Business Cycle Theory: Selected Texts, 1860-1939." History of Political Economy 35, no. 3 (September 1, 2003): 588–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/00182702-35-3-588.

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10

Rooth, Tim. "Revisiting the mature economy: Britain, 1860–1939." Business History 48, no. 1 (January 2006): 119–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00076790500204909.

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11

Levy, Carl. "Anarchism, Internationalism and Nationalism in Europe, 1860-1939." Australian Journal of Politics and History 50, no. 3 (September 2004): 330–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8497.2004.00337.x.

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12

Pollock, Vivienne. "The Seafishing Industry in Co. Down, 1860–1939." Irish Economic and Social History 16, no. 1 (May 1989): 100–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/033248938901600108.

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13

BARJADZE, SHALVA, IVAN GABRIELYAN, MARK KALASHIAN, GAYANE KARAGYAN, and ILONA STEPANYAN. "SOME NEW RECORDS OF APHID SPECIES (HEMIPTERA APHIDIDAE) FROM ARMENIA." Redia 107 (July 12, 2024): 39–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.19263/redia-107.24.05.

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Eight aphid species - Aphis hederae Kaltenbach, 1843, A. mirifica (Börner, 1950), A. origani Passerini, 1860, A. umbrella (Börner, 1950), Chaitophorus horii Takahashi, 1939, Hyadaphis coriandri (Das, 1918), Uroleucon jaceae (Linnaeus, 1758) and U. inulicola (Hille Ris Lambers, 1939) are recorded for the first time from Armenia. Additionally, Aphis mirifica and Chaitophorus horii are newly recorded species for the Caucasian aphid fauna. Sampling data, biology, and distribution for each species are provided. Key Words: Aphis, Chaitophorus, Hyadaphis, Uroleucon, Host plant, Caucasus
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14

Fisher, Peter, and Steven Cherry. "Medical Services and the Hospitals in Britain, 1860-1939." Journal of Public Health Policy 22, no. 1 (2001): 120. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3343561.

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15

Pane, Andrea, and Valentina Russo. "Le fortificazioni napoletane tra dismissione e valorizzazione (1860-1939)." STORIA URBANA, no. 136 (March 2013): 123–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.3280/su2012-136005.

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La dismissione, la trasformazione e la valorizzazione delle fortificazioni costituiscono, anche per Napoli, temi trainanti nell'evoluzione urbana tra la seconda metŕ del XIX e la prima metŕ del XX secolo. Nella prima parte del saggio, incentrato sul periodo post-unitario, sono approfondite le motivazioni psicologiche, sociali ed economiche connesse all'annullamento di simboli "negativi" che conducono alla riconfigurazione di ampie parti urbane: a tale quadro d'insieme possono riferirsi gli interventi di tabula rasa effettuati sulla cinta bastionata circostante Castelnuovo dalla fine del XV secolo. Lo smantellamento dei bastioni e delle fabbriche di uso militare racchiuse nel recinto fortificato assume un ruolo centrale nella configurazione della cittŕ del Novecento e, con essa, della piazza Municipio, come confermano anche disegni di legge e dibattiti parlamentari avviati fin dal 1861. La seconda parte del saggio affronta le vicende delle mura aragonesi, che saranno oggetto di interventi di demolizione e trasformazione a partire dalla metŕ del XIX secolo, per giungere ad una fase di progressiva presa di coscienza del loro valore. Dall'apertura della nuova via dei Fossi fino alla liberazione di porta Capuana, si evidenzia il progredire di un atteggiamento che da una sostanziale condanna delle fortificazioni, intese come ostacoli all'espansione urbana, muove verso una loro valorizzazione, ancorché fondata sulla prassi dell'isolamento del "monumento", conducendo, come nel caso di porta Capuana, all'estraniazione di un ambiente stratificato da molti secoli.
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16

Zeitler, Rudolf. "Der schwedische Natur‐ und Tiermaler Bruno Liljefors ( 1860–1939)." Konsthistorisk Tidskrift/Journal of Art History 66, no. 4 (January 1997): 247–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00233609708604442.

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17

Laidler, D. "Business Cycle Theory: Selected Texts, 1860-1939, Part 2." History of Political Economy 39, no. 2 (June 1, 2007): 321–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/00182702-2007-011.

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18

Williams, Robert V. "Ernest Cushing Richardson: Research librarian, scholar, theologian, 1860–1939." Journal of Academic Librarianship 21, no. 3 (January 1995): 210. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0099-1333(95)90049-7.

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19

Bothwell, Robert, and Stephen J. Harris. "Canadian Brass: The Making of a Professional Army, 1860-1939." Journal of Military History 55, no. 2 (April 1991): 259. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1985916.

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20

Banerjee, Rajabrata, and John K. Wilson. "Roles of Education in Productivity Growth in Australia, 1860-1939." Economic Record 92, no. 296 (November 11, 2015): 47–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1475-4932.12226.

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21

Tureček, Dalibor. "STEREOTYPY POETYCKIE W OBRAZOWANIU SŁOWACJI W CZESKIEJ POEZJI LAT 1860-1939." Porównania 22, no. 1 (March 12, 2019): 27–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.14746/p.2018.22.18163.

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Studium poświęcone jest obrazowi Słowacji w czeskiej poezji lat 1860-1939, tj. stereotypom poetyckim, które ukształtowały się jeszcze przed powstaniem w 1918 roku wspólnego państwa czesko-słowackiego. Słowacja odbierana była wtedy w duchu romantycznym jako piękna kraina z dziewiczą przyrodą i ludem niedotkniętym zepsuciem cywilizacyjnym. Negatywnie oceniano dążenie Słowaków do językowego i narodowego samostanowienia – nie uwzględniając aspektu historycznego, etnicznego i politycznego, mniemano, iż Słowacja stanowi naturalną część czeskiego projektu narodowego. Odnoszenie się Czechów do Słowaków z poczuciem wyższości, ich postawa „starszego brata” może zostać określona, nieco hiperbolicznie, jako kolonialna.
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22

Novikov, Tatyana, and Marcelline J. Hutton. "Russian and West European Women, 1860-1939: Dreams, Struggles, and Nightmares." Rocky Mountain Review of Language and Literature 57, no. 1 (2003): 100. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1348043.

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23

Cooter, Roger. "Medical Services and the Hospitals in Britain, 1860-1939. Steven Cherry." Isis 88, no. 2 (June 1997): 351–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/383734.

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24

McDermid, Jane. "Women at Work, 1860–1939: How Different Industries Shaped Women's Experiences." Social History 39, no. 2 (April 3, 2014): 279–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03071022.2014.896550.

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25

Weinstock, Nathan. "Simon Doubnov (1860-1941). Que faire quand sonne l'Heure d'Haman ? (1939)." Revue d’Histoire de la Shoah N° 174, no. 1 (January 1, 2002): 9–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.3917/rhsho1.174.0010.

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26

Miranda, José Antonio. "American Machinery and European Footwear: Technology Transfer and International Trade, 1860–1939." Business History 46, no. 2 (April 2004): 195–218. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/0007679042000215106.

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27

Roy, R. H. "Book Review: Canadian Brass: The Making of a Professional Army, 1860-1939." Armed Forces & Society 16, no. 1 (October 1989): 146–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0095327x8901600114.

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28

Yanacopoulo, Andrée. "Médecine et colonisation: L'aventure indochinoise 1860-1939 Laurence Monnais-RousselotMédecine et colonisation: L'aventure indochinoise 1860-1939 Laurence Monnais-Rousselot Paris: CNRS éditions, 1999, 489 p., FF 200 ou $US 27.00." Canadian Bulletin of Medical History 19, no. 1 (April 2002): 267–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.3138/cbmh.19.1.267.

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29

Santos-Cabalgante, Beatriz, and Leandro Cañibano Calvo. "intervencionismo militar en las narrativas." De Computis, Revista Española de Historia de la Contabilidad. 19, no. 2 (December 23, 2022): 1–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.26784/issn.1886-1881.19.2.7492.

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A mediados del siglo XIX, Valladolid, dada su ubicación estratégica, experimenta un importante desarrollo de su industria metalúrgica; en 1860 se crea la empresa Talleres de Fundición Gabilondo, caso objeto de este estudio. Los talleres son intervenidos militarmente para la fabricación de armamento durante la Guerra Civil española. Este trabajo analiza las narrativas de la empresa desde la teoría del ‘sesgo de atribución’. Los resultados muestran que las atribuciones positivas que cabría esperar de los gestores se traspasan al ‘Glorioso ejército’ y al ‘Caudillo Franco’ durante el periodo 1936-1939. En determinados contextos, las narrativas sirven para atribuir resultados positivos a factores externos, legitimando así ideologías o comportamientos.
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30

Vincent, Johan. "Les paradis de papier : les sites balnéaires bretons magnifiés par les guides (1860-1939)." Annales de Bretagne et des pays de l'Ouest, no. 119-4 (December 31, 2012): 99–112. http://dx.doi.org/10.4000/abpo.2496.

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31

Gillispie, Charles C., and Harry W. Paul. "From Knowledge to Power: The Rise of the Science Empire in France, 1860-1939." American Historical Review 92, no. 4 (October 1987): 972. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1864020.

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Debarbieux, Bernard. "Apostles of the Alps: mountaineering and nation building in Germany and Austria, 1860–1939." Journal of Tourism History 8, no. 3 (September 2016): 323–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/1755182x.2017.1292658.

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33

Denning, Andrew. "Apostles of the Alps: Mountaineering and Nation Building in Germany and Austria, 1860–1939." German History 34, no. 4 (August 20, 2016): 696–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/gerhis/ghw072.

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34

Guagnini, Anna. "From knowledge to power. The Rise of the Science Empire in France 1860–1939." Endeavour 10, no. 3 (January 1986): 161. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0160-9327(86)90038-4.

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35

Schellekens, Jona, and Frans van Poppel. "Marital Fertility Decline in the Netherlands: Child Mortality, Real Wages, and Unemployment, 1860–1939." Demography 49, no. 3 (June 20, 2012): 965–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s13524-012-0112-1.

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36

De Jong, Herman. "Roderick Floud en Paul Johnson (eds.), The Cambridge Economic History of Modern Britain, Vol. I Industrialisation 1700-1860, Vol. II Economic Maturity 1860-1939, Vol. III Structural Change and Growth 1939-2000." Tijdschrift voor Sociale en Economische Geschiedenis/ The Low Countries Journal of Social and Economic History 2, no. 4 (December 15, 2005): 149. http://dx.doi.org/10.18352/tseg.772.

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KOROVCHINSKY, NIKOLAI M. "Unexpected high species richness of Bythotrephes Leydig, 1860 (Branchiopoda: Cladocera: Cercopagididae) in subalpine Austrian lakes, with the description of new taxa." Zootaxa 5264, no. 1 (April 12, 2023): 077–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5264.1.5.

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The presence of four taxa at the species and subspecies level was revealed based on morphological investigation of a small collection of the representatives of the genus Bythotrephes Leydig, 1860 from Austrian subalpine lakes. The presence of a new species, B. inexpectatus sp. nov. was revealed in two lakes and the presence of a new subspecies, B. longimanus austriacus ssp. nov., in six lakes. Specimens of the population from the Lake Halstättersee, distinguished by the presence of peculiar features, are provisionally assigned to the species B. brevimanus Lilljeborg, 1901 of which the main range is confined to Circumbaltic region. Few morphologically specific specimens from Wolfgangsee could not be accurately identified and therefore assigned to the taxon Bythotrephes sp. requiring further investigation. Previously described taxa from the region, B. styriacus Ischreyt, 1939 and B. longimanus var. carnica Ischreyt, 1939, were considered either required further taxonomic evaluation or having an unclear taxonomic status, respectively. In one lake, the co-occurrence of two species was recorded, which is a rather rare case for the representatives of the genus. The potential reasons for the high species richness of spiny waterfleas in Austrian subalpine lakes and their possible origin are briefly discussed.
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Pozo Andrés, María del Mar. "Nacionalismo, globalización y cultura escolar: láminas murales para la enseñanza de la historia (1860-1939)." Revista Mexicana de Historia de la Educación 1, no. 1 (January 2013): 1–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.29351/rmhe.v1i1.10.

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Glew, Helen. "Women at Work, 1860–1939: How Different Industries Shaped Women’s Experiences, by Valerie G. Hall." English Historical Review 130, no. 547 (December 2015): 1584–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ehr/cev269.

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RASMUSSEN, CLAUS, and JOHN S. ASCHER. "Heinrich Friese (1860–1948): Names proposed and notes on a pioneer melittologist (Hymenoptera, Anthophila)." Zootaxa 1833, no. 1 (July 30, 2008): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1833.1.1.

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Heinrich Friedrich August Karl Ludwig Friese (1860–1948) was an important pioneer bee biologist (melittologist). Between 1883 and 1939 he described 1,989 new species and 564 new varieties or subspecies of insects, of which over 99% were bees. His research was global, including description of new taxa from all biogeographical regions where bees occur, belonging to all seven extant bee families and 124 genera, including Megachile (with 262 species-group taxa proposed), Bombus (232), and Halictus (153). The present catalog provides a complete list of the taxa proposed by Friese, including a bibliography of his 270 entomological publications. The catalog lists all valid names proposed by Friese and details on the nomenclature, sex, and region of origin of each. The current combination and subgeneric placement are cited for taxa now regarded as valid species. A brief biography is followed by a discussion of how to locate and treat Friese types, a notoriously complicated issue due to Friese’s confusing labeling practices and the broad dispersion of his specimens.
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Jensma, G. "A. Holtrop, Nynke van Hichtum. Leven en wereld van Sjoukje Troelstra-Bokma de Boer 1860-1939." BMGN - Low Countries Historical Review 122, no. 2 (January 1, 2007): 296. http://dx.doi.org/10.18352/bmgn-lchr.6581.

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Danan, Ariel. "Les instituteurs de l'Alliance israélite universelle (1860-1939) Étude à partir de l'outil informatique et statistique." Archives Juives 37, no. 1 (2004): 111. http://dx.doi.org/10.3917/aj.371.0111.

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Monnais-Rousselot, Laurence. "Autopsie d'un mal exotique à part : la variole et la vaccine en Indochine française (1860-1939)." Revue française d'histoire d'outre-mer 82, no. 309 (1995): 505–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.3406/outre.1995.3372.

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Scharf, Katharina. "Tait Keller, Apostles of the Alps: Mountaineering and Nation Building in Germany and Austria, 1860–1939." European History Quarterly 47, no. 1 (December 16, 2016): 150–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0265691416674402x.

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Fischer, Christopher. "Tait Keller. Apostles of the Alps: Mountaineering and Nation Building in Germany and Austria, 1860–1939 ." American Historical Review 121, no. 5 (December 2016): 1759–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ahr/121.5.1759.

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46

Stagnaro, Juan Carlos. "Grandes psiquiatras argentinas." Vertex Revista Argentina de Psiquiatría 30, no. 148 (December 1, 2019): 426–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.53680/vertex.v30i148.125.

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Dossier: Grandes psiquiatras argentinas: Arturo AMEGHINO (1869-1948), René ARDITI ROCHA (1904-1962), Gregorio BERMANN (1894-1972), José T. BORDA (1869-1936), Gonzalo BOSCH (1885-1965), Exequías BRINGAS NÚÑEZ (1904-2000),Domingo CABRED (1859-1929), Raúl CAMINO (1939-2018), Lanfranco CIAMPI (1885-1962), Juan DALMA (1895-1977), Francisco DE VEYGA (1866-1942), Noel FELDMAN (1928-2001), R. Horacio ETCHEGOYEN (1919-2016), Jorge GARCÍA BADARACCO (1924-2010), Mauricio GOLDENBERG (1916-2006), José INGENIEROS (1877-1925), Cristofredo JAKOB (1856-1966), Alejandro KORN (1860 -1936), Enrique Eduardo KRAPF (1901-1963), Osvaldo LOUDET (1889-1983), Lucio MELÉNDEZ (1844-1901), Braulio MOYANO (1906-1959), Juan M. OBARRIO (1878-1958), Elpidio R. OLIVERA (1924-2016), Carlos Rodolfo PEREYRA (1903-1965), Enrique PICHON RIVIÈRE (1907-1977), José María RAMOS MEJÍA (1852-1914), Telma RECA (1904-1979), Carolina TOBAR GARCIA (1898-1962), Guillermo VIDAL (1917-2000).
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Da Silva Santos Ferreira, Marcos Antonio. "A ANGÚSTIA NA OBRA LITERÁRIA DE HARUKI MURAKAMI A PARTIR DE UMA LEITURA FILOSÓFICA E PSICANALÍTICA." Cadernos do PET Filosofia 13, no. 26 (December 30, 2022): 94–125. http://dx.doi.org/10.26694/cadpetfilo.v13i26.3858.

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Essa pesquisa teve como proposta realizar um estudo acerca da angústia na obra do escritor Haruki Murakami (1949-), tendo como ponto de apoio secundário a teoria de Sigmund Freud (1858-1939) da angústia. Visamos, com esse estudo, lançar luz sobre a literatura como modelo de leitura da vida humana, em nosso caso, uma leitura das angústias humanas a partir da literatura. Para isso, iremos abordar o próprio gênero literário em que a obra de Murakami está circunscrita, os principais conceitos que dão suporte a esse caráter angustiante, presentes no texto murakamiano, e a influência de concepções e ideias filosóficos em sua obra. Como por exemplo, a teoria da Vontade de Arthur Schopenhauer (1788-1860) e a ideia do lugar do pensamento, postulado por Hannah Arendt (1906-1975) no quarto capítulo da obra “A vida do espírito".
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GERSTMEIER, ROLAND, and JONAS EBERLE. "Revision of the Indo-Australian checkered beetle genus Xenorthrius Gorham, 1892 (Coleoptera: Cleridae, Clerinae)." Zootaxa 2584, no. 1 (August 31, 2010): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.2584.1.1.

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The genus Xenorthrius Gorham, 1892 is taxonomically revised to include fifty species. The following species are described as new: Xenorthrius aurorafasciatus, Xenorthrius berndi, Xenorthrius bornensis, Xenorthrius consimilis, Xenorthrius cruralis, Xenorthrius decoratus Xenorthrius dissipatus, Xenorthrius doliaris, Xenorthrius furcalis, Xenorthrius hoerrmanni, Xenorthrius lanatus, Xenorthrius loricus, Xenorthrius lugubris, Xenorthrius oblongopunctatus, Xenorthrius penangis, Xenorthrius rubicollis, Xenorthrius rubris, Xenorthrius scordalus, Xenorthrius stefanieae, Xenorthrius supraflaveolis, Xenorthrius temeris, Xenorthrius versicolor. Xenorthrius reductenotatus Pic, 1952 n. syn. is placed in synonymy with Xenorthrius beauforti Corporaal, 1949b; Xenorthrius bifasciatus Pic, 1926a n. syn. is synonymized with Xenorthrius ephippiatus Gorham, 1893; Xenorthrius impressicollis Pic, 1954 n. syn. is synonymized with Xenorthrius pieli (Pic, 1936); Xenorthrius tricoloratus Pic, 1951 n. syn. is synonymized with Xenorthrius subapicalis Pic, 1927; Orthrius particularis Pic, 1926b n. comb., n. syn. is transferred from Orthrius Gorham, 1876 and synonymized with Xenorthrius striatulus (Motschulsky, 1860). The following species are transferred from Orthrius: Xenorthrius abruptepunctatus (Schenkling, 1932) n. comb., Xenorthrius disjunctus (Pic, 1926b) n. comb., Xenorthrius elongatus (Corporaal, 1926) n. comb., Xenorthrius lineatipes (Pic, 1940) n. comb., Xenorthrius perroti (Pic, 1939) n. comb., Xenorthrius pieli (Pic, 1936) n. comb., Xenorthrius prolongatus (Schenkling, 1912) n. comb., Xenorthrius rufotestaceus (Schenkling, 1902) n. comb., Xenorthrius stevensi (Corporaal, 1926) n. comb., Xenorthrius striatulus (Motschulsky, 1860) n. comb., and Xenorthrius tuberculicollis (Schenkling, 1902) n. comb. Xenorthrius procerus Gerstmeier & Eberle, 2010 nom. nov. is a new name for Xenorthrius elongatus Miyatake, 1985 (secondary junior homonym). A key to the species, color photographs, genital figures, and distribution maps are provided.
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49

Yoshida, Haruyo. "Aikitu Tanakadate and the Controversy over Vertical Electrical Currents in Geomagnetic Research." Earth Sciences History 20, no. 2 (January 1, 2001): 156–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.17704/eshi.20.2.x02335x7374012n0.

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Abstract:
Aikitu Tanakadate (1856-1952) was a pioneer in geomagnetic research in Japan. This paper focuses on Tanakadale's investigation of vertical, electrical currents between the Earth and his atmosphere and his role in a controversy over these currents. This controversy arose after Adolf Schmidt (1860-1944) hypothesized these vertical currents in 1895. Debate was aroused over this question for two reasons: firstly it might upset the premise of the Gaussian theory of geomagnetic potential; and secondly it seemed to provide a key to revealing the mechanism of geomagnetism. Tanakadale did not doubt the existence of such currents, but he was skeptical about the method with which the hypothesis was tested. After 1939 the controversy died down, but never ended. The recent solution of this problem in 1992 shows that Tanakadate was far-sighted in criticizing the validity of the method which others used to test the hypothesis.
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50

Neder, Gizlene, and Gisálio Cerqueira Filho. "SECULARIZAÇÃO E IDEIAS JURÍDICAS:." Revista Culturas Jurídicas 8, no. 21 (May 5, 2022): 1–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.22409/rcj.v8i21.45850.

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Neste trabalho analisamos as disputas em torno das reformas das leis civis no Brasil implicadas no processo de secularização das instituições políticas, na virada para o século XX. Realizamos análise de conteúdo das informações contidas nas placas de esculturas de bronze apostas na Praça Paris no Rio de Janeiro, que homenageiam três juristas implicados nas pugnas pela secularização das leis civis (casamento e filiação): Clovis Beviláqua (1859-1943), Cândido Mendes de Almeida Filho (1866-1939) e Affonso Celso de Assis Figueiredo Junior, o conde Affonso Celso (1860-1938). Estendemos para o período republicano a observação da permanência da “questão religiosa”, tratada pela historiografia como fato isolado ocorrido durante a governação imperial, em 1873. A cultura jurídica que subjaz à modernização da legislação civil nos marcos dos domínios das ideias e dos sentimentos políticos apresenta-se emoldurada pela cultura religiosa; este o cerne de nossa hipótese.
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