Academic literature on the topic '1865-1952'

S. (Chilostetha) eximia Jakovlev, 1886, S. (C.) pirazzolii Obenberger, 1952 and S. (C.) palea Obenberger, 1952 are downgraded to subspecies of S. (C.) canescens Motschulsky, 1860, S. (C.) basalis Morawitz, 1861 and S. (C.) cauta Jakovlev, 1904, respectively. New synonymy is established for the following taxa: S. (Chilostetha) basalis basalis Morawitz, 1861 (= chariessa Obenberger, 1920, aestivalis Obenberger, 1952, arcas Obenberger, 1952, arethusa Obenberger, 1952, carinivertex Obenberger, 1952, chankae Obenberger, 1952, diffusa Obenberger, 1952, elisa Obenberger, 1952, hero Obenberger, 1952, laevigatula Obenberger, 1952, nogaica Obenberger, 1952, permixta Obenberger, 1952, persephone Obenberger, 1952, phoebia Obenberger, 1952, phyllis Obenberger, 1952, sareptana Obenberger, 1952, sublica Obenberger, 1952, urania Obenberger, 1952, vernalis Obenberger, 1952, synn. n.), S. (C.) puberula Jakovlev, 1887 (= rauda Jakovlev, 1908, cataonia Obenberger, 1926, seriatosetosa Obenberger, 1926, inderiensis Obenberger, 1927, synn. n.), S. (C.) cauta cauta Jakovlev, 1904 (= maja Jakovlev, 1908, dryadis Obenberger, 1926, petriceki Obenberger, 1952, damascena Obenberger, 1952, oeneis Obenberger, 1952, synn. n.), S. (C.) cauta palea Obenberger, 1952, stat. n. (= ussuriensis Obenberger, 1952, xantho Obenberger, 1952, synn. n.), S. (C.) jugoslavica Obenberger, 1926 (= verecunda Obenberger, 1952, syn. n.), S. (C.) canescens canescens Motschulsky, 1860 (= divnogorskii Obenberger, 1952, syn. n.), S. (C.) canescens eximia Jakovlev, 1886, stat. n. (= karavajevi Obenberger, 1952, flora Obenberger, 1952, synn. n.), S. (C.) insidiosa Mannerheim, 1852 (= subcylindrica Marseul, 1865, forceps Jakovlev, 1908, erratrix Obenberger, 1920, belenois Obenberger, 1952, improbula Obenberger, 1952, iphis Obenberger, 1952, pseudoforceps Obenberger, 1952, shansiana Obenberger, 1952, zubaci Obenberger, 1952, synn. n.), S. (C.) substriata Krynicki, 1834 (= trebinjensis Obenberger, 1916, syn. n.), S. (C.) laportei Saunders, 1871 (= comita Obenberger, 1952, syn. n.), S. (C.) syriaca Jakovlev, 1908 (= blattnyi Obenberger, 1926, calosoma Obenberger, 1926, synn. n.), S. (C.) popovi Mannerheim, 1852 (= balthasari Obenberger, 1928, syn. n.), S. (C.) vestita Jakovlev, 1887 (= S. (Deudora) jagdievi Alexeev, 1979, syn. n.). Lectotypes are designated for 76 nominal species and 8 infrasubspecific taxa. Taxonomic, nomenclatural, and distributional notes including new records for many species are given.

The genus Aneriophora Stuardo & Cortés 1952, previously considered endemic to Chile, is recorded for the first time from Argentina. Specimens of Aneriophora aureorufa (Philippi, 1865) were collected in Neuquén Province and deposited in the entomological collection of the Instituto Argentino de Zonas Áridas, Mendoza, Argentina. A diagnosis, distribution map, and photographs of A. aureorufa are provided.

John Henry Newman's Apologia Pro Vita Sua (1865) shows the divided self and the search for a spiritual identity. Sean O'Faolain's biography Newman's Way (1952) presents a new man in a larger social context. Self portrait and portrait prove quite different and the examination of the two texts tells much about the frontiers between autobiography and biography.

Daniel Vergara Lope (1865-1938), médico mexicano, fue un pionero de los estudios de la fisiología del habitante de las grandes alturas en la última década del siglo XIX. Y, Thomas Holmes Ravenhill (1881-1952), médico inglés, fue el primero en describir las variantes clínicas del mal de montaña agudo (“puna” o “soroche”) en 1913. Sin embargo, ambas contribuciones pasaron desapercibidas, aparentemente, para los investigadores del siglo XX pero que han sido rescatadas recientemente.

Stephen L. Wood re-defined Platypus such that its members are native to realms outside of the Americas and transferred most Neotropical species out of that genus. I have come across 44 species that still remain, though, and these are treated here. In total, I report 49 new generic assignments, 30 of which are transfers out of Platypus. I propose 22 new synonymies, eight of which are Platypus species that are synonymized with previously transferred species. Six Neotropical species are left in Platypus, for reasons detailed in the text. These taxonomic acts affect the compositions of eight of the 11 Neotropical genera of core Platypodinae. The following species are transferred from Platypus Herbst, 1793: Cenocephalus dubiosus (Schedl, 1933) comb. nov., Cenocephalus neotruncatus (Schedl, 1972) comb. nov.; Costaroplatus barbosai (Schedl, 1972) comb. nov., Costaroplatus devius (Schedl, 1976) comb. nov., Costaroplatus mixtus (Schedl, 1976) comb. nov., Costaroplatus roppai (Schedl, 1978) comb. nov.; Epiplatypus bicaudatulus (Schedl, 1935) comb. nov., Epiplatypus carduus (Schedl, 1936) comb. nov., Epiplatypus complanus (Schedl, 1967) comb. nov., Epiplatypus grandiporus (Schedl, 1961) comb. nov., Epiplatypus insculptus (Schedl, 1967) comb. nov., Epiplatypus macroporus (Chapuis, 1865) comb. nov., Epiplatypus perforans (Schedl, 1961) comb. nov., Epiplatypus propinquus (Schedl, 1959) comb. nov., Epiplatypus quadrispinatus (Chapuis, 1865) comb. nov., Epiplatypus sallei (Chapuis, 1865) comb. nov., Epiplatypus sequius (Schedl, 1935) comb. nov.; Euplatypus detectus (Schedl, 1976) comb. nov., Euplatypus erraticus (Schedl, 1972) comb. nov., Euplatypus longulus (Chapuis, 1865) comb. nov., Euplatypus perplexus Bright, 1972 comb. nov., Euplatypus rugosifrons (Schedl, 1933) comb. nov., Euplatypus vexans (Schedl, 1972) comb. nov.; Megaplatypus asperatus (Schedl, 1976) comb. nov., Megaplatypus carinifer (Schedl, 1970), Megaplatypus durus (Schedl, 1936) comb. nov., Megaplatypus eversus (Wood, 1971) comb. nov., Megaplatypus gagates (Schedl, 1976) comb. nov., Megaplatypus irrepertus (Schedl, 1936) comb. nov., Megaplatypus lineaticornis (Schedl, 1936) comb. nov., Megaplatypus paramonovi (Schedl, 1972) comb. nov., Megaplatypus schedli (Wood, 1966) comb. nov., Megaplatypus vafer (Schedl, 1972) comb. nov.; Teloplatypus caligatus (Schedl, 1972) comb. nov. Costaroplatus bidens (Schedl, 1970) comb. nov. and Costaroplatus darlingtoni (Reichardt, 1965) comb. nov. are transferred from Megaplatypus Wood, 1993. Costaroplatus vonfaberi (Reichardt, 1962) comb. nov. is transferred from Platyphysus Wood, 1993. Epiplatypus striatus (Chapuis, 1865) comb. nov., Megaplatypus contextus (Schedl, 1963) comb. nov., Megaplatypus decorus (Schedl, 1936) comb. nov. and Megaplatypus dignatus (Schedl, 1936) comb. nov. are removed from Euplatypus Wood, 1993. Epiplatypus ornatus (Schedl, 1936) comb. nov. is transferred from Teloplatypus Wood, 1993. Euplatypus jamaicensis Bright, 1972 comb. nov., Megaplatypus discolor (Blandford, 1896) comb. nov., Teloplatypus brasiliensis (Nunberg, 1959) comb. nov., Teloplatypus nudus (Schedl, 1936) comb. nov. and Teloplatypus pernudus (Schedl, 1936) comb. nov. are transferred from Epiplatypus Wood, 1993. Costaroplatus ornatus (Schedl, 1936) comb. nov., is transferred from Cenocephalus Chapuis, 1865. Megaplatypus acutidens (Blandford, 1895) comb. nov. and Megaplatypus despectus (Schedl, 1971) comb. nov. are transferred from Tesserocerus Saunders, 1837. New synonymies are proposed as follows: Cenocephalus rugicollis Schedl, 1952 (= Cenocephalus epistomalis Wood, 1966 syn. nov.); Tesserocerus forcipatus Schedl, 1972 (= Platypus aplanatus Schedl, 1976 syn. nov.); Tesserocerus retusus Guérin-Méneville, 1838 (= Tesserocerus guerini ssp. montanus Schedl, 1960 syn. nov.); Tesserocerus simulatus Schedl, 1936 (= Platypus bilobus Schedl, 1961 syn. nov.); Tesserocerus spinax Blandford, 1896 (= Tesserocephalus forficula Schedl, 1936 syn. nov.); Costaroplatus carinulatus (Chapuis, 1865) (= Platypus umbrosus Schedl, 1936 syn. nov.); Costaroplatus shenefelti Nunberg (1963) (= Platypus abditulus Wood, 1966 syn. nov.); Costaroplatus vonfaberi (Reichardt, 1962) (= Platypus convexus Schedl, 1972 syn. nov.); Epiplatypus sallei (Chapuis, 1865) (= Platypus quadricaudatulus Schedl, 1934 syn. nov. and = Platypus filaris Wood, 1971 syn. nov.); Euplatypus longulus (Chapuis, 1865) (= Platypus dimidiatus Chapuis, 1865 syn. nov. = Platypus mulsanti Chapuis, 1865 syn. nov. and = Platypus pseudolongulus Schedl, 1963 syn. nov. ); Megaplatypus acutidens (Blandford, 1895) (= Tesserocerus alternantes Schedl, 1977 syn. nov.); Megaplatypus durus (Schedl, 1936) (= Platypus arcuatus Schedl, 1976 syn. nov.); Megaplatypus fuscus (Chapuis, 1865) (= Platypus marginatus Chapuis, 1865 syn. nov., = Platypus granarius Schedl, 1952 syn. nov., and = Platypus obsitus Schedl, 1976 syn. nov.); Megaplatypus irrepertus (Schedl, 1936) (= Platypus sulcipennis Schedl, 1976 syn. nov.); Neotrachyostus abbreviatus (Chapuis, 1865) (= Platypus concavus Chapuis, 1865 syn. nov.); Teloplatypus enixus (Schedl, 1936) (= Platypus interponens Schedl, 1978 syn. nov.); Teloplatypus ratzeburgi (Chapuis, 1865) (= Platypus pallidipennis Blandford, 1896 syn. nov.). Platypus simpliciformis Wood, 1966 had been transferred by Wood (1993) to both Megaplatypus and Euplatypus by mistake; I propose keeping it in Megaplatypus. Six Neotropical species are left in the genus Platypus with the status incertae sedis: Platypus armatus Chapuis, 1865; Platypus dorsalis Schedl, 1972; Playpus quadrilobus Blandford, 1895; Platypus squamifer Schedl, 1963; Platypus subaequalispinosus Schedl, 1936; and Platypus trispinosus Chapuis, 1965. These taxonomic changes prepare the foundations for future revisionary work on the American Platypodinae.

A morphological and molecular study of 17 Cylindrotomidae species revealed that the two subspecies of Cylindrotoma distinctissima, the Nearctic C. americana Osten Sacken, 1865, stat. reval. and the Palearctic C. distinctissima (Meigen, 1818), represent separated lineages and consequently are raised to species level. Cylindrotoma japonica Alexander, 1919, syn. nov. and C. distinctissima alpestris Peus, 1952, syn. nov. are now known to be junior synonyms of C. distinctissima. Triogma kuwanai limbinervis Alexander, 1953, syn. nov. and T. nimbipennis Alexander, 1941, syn. nov. are now placed into synonymy under Triogma kuwanai (Alexander, 1913). The Japanese Cylindrotomidae are all redescribed and all available literature and distribution data are summarised. Supplementary descriptions and illustrations for male and female terminalia of Cylindrotoma nigriventris Loew, 1849, Diogma dmitrii Paramonov, 2005, Liogma nodicornis (Osten Sacken, 1865), Phalacrocera replicata (Linnaeus, 1758), P. tipulina Osten Sacken, 1865, and Triogma trisulcata (Schummel, 1829) are provided. The following new distribution records are outlined; Diogma caudata Takahashi, 1960 from Arkhangelsk Oblast, Russia; D. glabrata (Meigen, 1818) from Belarus, Latvia, and Altai Republic, Amur Oblast, Novgorod Oblast, Magadan Oblast, Samara Oblast, and Kuril Islands (Shikotan I and Paramushir I) in Russia; Liogma serraticornis Alexander, 1919 from Khabarovsk Krai, Russia; Phalacrocera replicata from Khabarovsk Krai, Russia; and the presence of Cylindrotoma nigriventris in Altai Republic, Russia is confirmed.

Doctor of Philosophy
Department of History
Mark P. Parillo
This dissertation examines the influence of the US Army experience in military government and occupation missions on occupations conducted during and immediately after World War II. The study concludes that army occupation experiences between the end of the Civil War and World War II positively influenced the occupations that occurred during and after World War II. The study specifically examines occupation and government operations in the post-Civil War American South, Cuba, the Philippines, Mexico, post-World War I Germany, and the major occupations associated with World War II in Italy, Germany, and Japan. Though historians have examined individual occupations, none has studied the entirety of the American army‘s experience with these operations. This dissertation finds that significant elements of continuity exist between the occupations, so much so that by the World War II period it discerns a unique American way of conducting occupation operations. Army doctrine was one of the major facilitators of continuity. An additional and perhaps more important factor affecting the continuity between occupations was the army‘s institutional culture, which accepted occupation missions as both important and necessary. An institutional understanding of occupation operations developed over time as the army repeatedly performed the mission or similar nontraditional military tasks. Institutional culture ensured an understanding of the occupation mission passed informally from generation to generation of army officers through a complex network of formal and informal, professional and personal relationships. That network of relationships was so complete that the World War II generation of leaders including Generals Marshall, Eisenhower, Clay and MacArthur, and Secretary of War Stimson, all had direct personal ties to individuals who served in key positions in previous occupations in the Philippines, Cuba, Mexico, or the Rhineland. Doctrine and the cultural understanding of the occupation mission influenced the army to devote major resources and command attention to occupation operations during and after World War II. Robust resourcing and the focus of leaders were key to overcoming the inevitable shortfalls in policy and planning that occurred during the war. These efforts contributed significantly to the success of the military occupations of Japan and Germany after World War II.

Ce projet s'attache à analyser les réutilisations du motif de l'enlèvement par les fées et du changelin dans la littérature contemporaine, qu'elle soit irlandaise ou de la diaspora irlandaise. Étudier ces motifs tels qu'ils apparaissent dans les sources folkloriques irlandaises permet d'en dégager les caractéristiques traditionnelles pour ensuite les comparer avec l'usage qu'il en est fait par les auteurs contemporains. Il semble que le motif du changelin soit utilisé comme une métaphore toute irlandaise de l'émigration et de l'exil, soit-il géographique, psychologique ou linguistique. Cette thèse explore donc des problématiques d'identité et de mémoire à travers ce thème du changelin, qui, bien qu'il ne soit pas d'origine irlandaise puisque absent des sources mythologiques, est paradoxalement devenu un véritable symbole littéraire irlandais
This project aims at analysing the reuses of the motif of fairy abduction and of the changeling in contemporary literature, either Irish or from the Irish diaspora. Studying these motifs as they appear in the folk accounts allows a better understanding of their traditional characteristics, to then be able to compare them with the way the contemporary writers reinterpret them. It seems that the changeling motif has been taken up as an Irish metaphor for emigration and exile, whether it be geographical, psychological or linguistic. This thesis thus explores issues of identity and memory through the theme of the changeling which, although it is not of Irish origin since it is absent from the early mythological sources, has paradoxically become an Irish literary symbol

Le pragmatisme, en tant que courant philosophique, et l'anarchisme, en tant que courant politique, semblent être reliés par deux approches d'apparence complémentaire : le premier est souvent considéré comme politiquement neutre alors que le second comme philosophiquement indifférent. Notre étude consiste à examiner cette double neutralité et, suivant notre interrogation, à savoir « le pragmatisme, est-il une philosophie anarchiste ? », valoriser et évaluer la possibilité d'une réponse positive, car les conséquences politiques de l'un et les conséquences philosophiques de l'autre, ainsi que les causes de leur prétendue indifférence complémentaire, nous inspirent l'idée d'une architecture commune. Dans un premier temps, nous tentons de situer cette architecture dans la philosophie de James et de Dewey se focalisant sur le rapport du pragmatisme à la démocratie. Nous dégageons ainsi les traits principaux d'une philosophie de l'expérience conforme aux exigences que les philosophes pragmatistes prêtent à la démocratie, car c'est l'expérience qui permet à la démocratie de voir sa dimension éthique, très présente chez les pragmatistes, devenir politique. Dans un deuxième temps, nous examinons l'articulation de ce que l'on peut appeler doxa anarchiste avec les thèses philosophiques que James et Dewey voient composer la philosophie de l'expérience. Nous nous focalisons notamment sur la pensée de Proudhon et de Bakounine, dont la filiation nous semble porteuse du même esprit anti-absolutiste qui correspond à la dimension critique de la philosophie de l'expérience
Pragmatism, as a philosophical movement, and anarchism, as a political one, seem to be connected by two seemingly complementary approaches: pragmatism is often considered as politically neutral, while anarchism as philosophically indifferent. The aim of our study is to examine this double neutrality and, following our interrogation, namely « is pragmatism an anarchist philosophy? », to evaluate the possibility of a positive answer, the political consequences of the one and the philosophical consequences of the other, and also the causes of their alleged complementary indifference, inspiring us the idea of a commun architecture. First, we try to locate this architecture in the philosophy of James and Dewey, focusing on the relationship of pragmatism to democracy. Thus, we point out the main features of a philosophy of experience fitting the demands - in a pragmatic perspective - of democracy. For it is only experience that allows democracy to see its ethical dimension - very present among pragmatists - become political. Second, we examine the articulation of what we can call anarchist doxa with the philosophical assertions that form, according to James and Dewey, the philosophy of experience. We focus, in particular, on the thought of Proudhon and Bakunin, whose kinship seems to carry the same anti-absolutist spirit that forms the critical dimension of the philosophy of experience

Abstract After 1789, America’s early leaders, architects, and artists leveraged direct knowledge of classical antiquity (including the fable in Aesop that involved a fasces-like bundle of sticks), but also observed what individuals in Britain and France had made and were making of the emblem in the public sphere. Indeed, a major role in this iconographic effort was played by foreigners, culminating with Italian-born sculptor Enrico Causici (1790–1833), who was the first to introduce a representation of the fasces into the United States Capitol building (1817–1819). Starting in the early 1830s, escalating conflict over slavery raised questions about the long-term stability of the American union, and caused the fasces—now widely understood as the unity symbol par excellence—to proliferate, in everything from campaign broadsides to high art. By the mid-1850s, Southerners for their part seem to have regarded the fasces, especially when joined with a liberty cap, as promoting the abolitionist cause. Once actual civil war broke out between North and South in 1861, and especially after the assassination of President Abraham Lincoln in April 1865, the emblem grew only more powerful as a marker of American union. Decades later, this understanding recommended the fasces to Adolph A. Weinman (1870–1952) for his design of the “Mercury” 10-cent piece first issued in 1916, and to the designers of the Lincoln Memorial (dedicated in 1922) in their tribute to the slain president who had preserved the United States.

The period from the development of the Mendelian laws of heredity (1865) and the discovery of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) by Friedrich Miescher (1869), to Schrödinger’s characterisation of the chromosome as an aperiodic crystal and the deciphering of the DNA structure and its information-encoding potential (1952), was an era of radical changes in scientific thought. This resulted in revolutionary insights that would forever change our perception of the universe. These paradigm-shifting events in science signalled the transition from classical genetics to molecular genetics, a new reality. Questions such as how genetics can contribute to the understanding of humans and the environment have triggered the creation of numerous cognate disciplines. The analysis of preserved organisms and ancient remains on a molecular level has created the new scientific field of biomolecular archaeology, thereby opening up an entirely new avenue in evolutionary studies. The fundamental principle upon which biomolecular archaeology is based is that any type of biomolecule, such as nucleic acids, lipids, proteins and even carbohydrates, has the potential, under favourable conditions, to leave traces of organic residues, albeit in a heavily degraded state. Ultimately, this field can provide a unique perspective for the molecular analysis and understanding of several aspects of past life, such as adaptation, plant and animal domestication, migratory routes, palaeopa-thology, population genetics and ancestry. That premise has led to a remarkable exploration of ancient DNA (aDNA) with regard to the unique information that it can provide and the breadth of archaeological questions that can be potentially answered. Tissue samples were taken from deep within Takabuti’s body following established protocols to ensure the samples were not contaminated and that minimal damage was caused to her remains (...