Academic literature on the topic '1866-1914'

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Journal articles on the topic "1866-1914"

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Morozova, Elena N. "Fiscal Policy of the Saratov Zemstvo (1864–1914)." Izvestiya of Saratov University. New Series. Series: History. International Relations 20, no. 4 (December 21, 2020): 542–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.18500/1819-4907-2020-20-4-542-547.

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The article presents a characteristic of the most important sphere in financial activity of the Saratov Zemstvo – fiscal policy. In particular, it analyses the tax system of zemstvo self-government bodies in the Saratov province, the forms of zemstvo dues, and objects of taxation. Special emphasis is laid on a study of growth trends in the budget revenue, and a simultaneous increase in tax arrears, which significantly reduced the efficiency of the zemstvo work.
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Matthews, EG. "Classification, relationships and distribution of the genera of Cyphaleini (Coleoptera : Tenebrionidae)." Invertebrate Systematics 6, no. 2 (1992): 437. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/it9920437.

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Examination of the external and internal adult skeletal morphology of Cyphaleini, an autochthonous Australian tribe, has resulted in a reduction in the number of genera from 33 to 19. Character-state polarity was established by comparison with the related outgroups, Heleini, Tenebrionini and Titaenini. Of the 40 characters considered phylogenetically important, 10 were selected to manually construct a cladogram serving as the basis for proposing hypotheses on relationships between genera, evolutionary trends and historical events leading to the present distribution of the group. Fifteen former generic names are considered to have an insufficient phylogenetic basis at generic level and are synonymised as follows (synonyms first): Timeneca Carter, 1914 = Mitrothorax Carter, 1914; Laonicus Haag-Rutenberg, 1878 = Opigenia Pascoe, 1869 = Platyphanes Westwood, 1849; Aphectus Carter, 1926 = Olisthaena Erichson, 1842; Ononyctus Carter, 1914 = Aethalides Bates, 1873 = Onosterrhus Pascoe, 1866 = Nyctozoilus Guérin-Méneville, 1830; Lygestira Pascoe, 1866 = Prophanes Westwood, 1849; Trisilus Haag-Rutenberg, 1878 = Anausis Bates, 1873 = Altes Pascoe, 1869 = Oremasis Pascoe, 1866 = Chartopteryx Westwood, 1841 = Cyphaleus Westwood, 1841; Pseudobolbophanes Kulzer, 1954 = Bolbophanes Carter, 1913; Cyclophanes Carter, 1913 = Hemicyclus Westwood 1841. One new genus, Chlorophanes, is proposed for the single species Trisilus punctipennis (Carter). The 82 new combinations proposed are listed in an appendix at the end of the paper.
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Hamerow, Theodore S. "Geschichte Thüringens, 1866 bis 1914. Ulrich Hess , Volker Wahl." Journal of Modern History 66, no. 1 (March 1994): 199–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/244822.

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Spencer, Elaine Glovka, and Jan Palmowski. "Urban Liberalism in Imperial Germany: Frankfurt am Main, 1866-1914." American Historical Review 106, no. 1 (February 2001): 277. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2652395.

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Vamplew, Wray, and Joyce Kay. "Captains Courageous: Gentlemen Riders in British Horse Racing, 1866–1914." Sport in History 26, no. 3 (December 2006): 370–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/17460260601065961.

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Jonson, Jonas. "Faith-related diplomacy." Theology 120, no. 1 (January 2017): 11–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0040571x16669279.

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Nathan Söderblom (1866–1931) was the Archbishop of Uppsala, Sweden 1914–31. As one of the great ecumenical pioneers, he founded the Life and Work Movement for practical church cooperation for peace and social justice. His international experience, position, scholarship and personality contributed to his achievement. He was awarded the Nobel Prize for Peace in 1930.
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Chickering, Roger, and Nicholas Stargardt. "The German Idea of Militarism: Radical and Socialist Critics, 1866-1914." American Historical Review 100, no. 5 (December 1995): 1610. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2169993.

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Echevarria, Antulio J., and Nicholas Stargardt. "The German Idea of Militarism: Radical and Socialist Critics 1866-1914." Journal of Military History 63, no. 1 (January 1999): 195. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/120360.

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Chrastil, R. "The French Red Cross, War Readiness, and Civil Society, 1866-1914." French Historical Studies 31, no. 3 (July 1, 2008): 445–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/00161071-2008-003.

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Hewitson, Mark. "Urban Liberalism in Imperial Germany: Frankfurt am Main, 1866–1914 Pam Palmowski." English Historical Review 115, no. 464 (November 2000): 1343–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/enghis/115.464.1343.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "1866-1914"

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Vele, Ana-Maria. "Les relations franco-roumaines (1866-1914)." Nantes, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010NANT3007.

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On a choisi de révéler et d'analyser des phénomènes sélectifs de la longue règne du Charles de Hozenzollzern-Sigmaringen (1866-1914) du point de vue des diplomates français, en étant donné le manque d'une certaine démarche, autant que l'intérêt symptomatique pour la révélation du rôle que la France a joué dans la réalisation de la Roumanie moderne, leurs relations bilatérales et l'intensité de leurs rapports : les relations internationales, les questions significatives de l'histoire de la Roumanie, quelques aspects diplomatiques et des interférences culturelles et économiques. Par son rang, la France a influencé la Roumanie « la soeur cadette » ou bien « la soeur latine », qui la voyait avec admiration et qui a inspiré son organisation interne et les institutions de l'état roumain. Avec tous les biens et les mauvais dans les relations franco-roumaines, l'intérêt de la France pour le petit pays « danubien » était ferme et invariable pendant la 2ème moitié du XIXe siècle jusqu'à la grande guerre et cette chose était claire et concrète dans les rapports diplomtiques rédigés par ses représentants en Roumanie.
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Clergue, Chantal. "Les professeurs agrégés de l'enseignement secondaire spécial (1866-1914)." Thesis, Lyon 2, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015LYO20043.

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En 1865, V. Duruy, ministre de l’Instruction publique nommé par Napoléon III, organise un cursus intermédiaire entre l’enseignement primaire et l’enseignement secondaire. Cet « enseignement secondaire spécial » doit pouvoir fournir à la Nation des cadres intermédiaires pour l’industrie, le commerce et l’agriculture. Conséquemment, cette filière appelle dans ses rangs des enseignants spécifiques et V. Duruy, souhaitant donner ses lettres de noblesse à cette nouvelle formation, crée trois agrégations distinctes. Il fonde également à Cluny une École normale chargée de former le nouveau personnel tout en laissant également l’opportunité à des candidats libres de se présenter à ce nouveau concours. À partir de 1881, l’enseignement secondaire spécial subit plusieurs réformes et il est transformé en 1891 en enseignement moderne. L’École normale ferme ses portes et les agrégations spéciales sont supprimées. La dernière session du concours a lieu en 1893. De 1866 à cette date, 468 candidats auront réussi une agrégation spéciale. Dans une période qui s’étend de 1866 à 1914, notre travail de recherche se propose tout d’abord de partir à la rencontre de ce personnel enseignant méconnu. En nous appuyant sur les dossiers personnels des agrégés spéciaux, nous examinerons tout d’abord leurs origines sociale, scolaire et géographique puis leurs parcours tant dans la vie professionnelle que dans la sphère privée. L’étude s’attache ensuite à suivre ces professeurs dans leur quotidien afin d’apprécier leur niveau de vie. Enfin, l’historiographie ayant souvent souligné que les agrégés classiques affichaient souvent du mépris vis-à-vis des catégories subalternes, il s’agira de mettre en lumière la place occupée, tant dans l’Université que dans la société, par les agrégés spéciaux
In 1865, Victor Duruy, Minister of State Education appointed by Napoleon III, puts in place an intermediate course between primary and secondary education. This “Special Secondary Education” was meant to provide the nation with intermediate executives for the industry, trade and agriculture. Consequently, this sector called up in its ranks specific teachers and, wishing this new training to be officially recognized, V. Duruy created three distinct agrégations. He also founded at Cluny a Teacher Training College or École normale in charge of training the new staff while giving the opportunity to external candidates to take this new examination. From 1881 onwards the Special Secondary Education underwent several reforms, until 1891 when it became Modern Education. The Teacher Training College closed down and the special agrégations were stopped. The last exam session took place in 1893. From 1866 to that date, 468 candidates will have passed the special agrégation. For a period which extends from 1866 to 1914, our research work suggests first of all getting to know this neglected teaching staff. Relying on the special agrégés’ personal files, we will first study their social, academic and geographical origins, then their personal routes both in their professional and private lives. The study will next attempt to follow these teachers in their everyday life in order to assess their standard of living. Finally, historiography having pointed out that the standard agrégés often showed contempt towards lower grade social groups, our task will be to highlight the place either in the University or in society the special agrégés held
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Heinzen, Jasper Maximilian. "Hohenzollern state-building in the Province of Hanover, 1866-1914." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2010. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.608945.

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Wiechmann, Gerhard. "Die preussisch-deutsche Marine in Lateinamerika 1866-1914 eine Studie deutscher Kanonenbootpolitik /." [S.l. : s.n.], 2000. http://deposit.ddb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?idn=960368477.

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Palmowski, Jan. "Liberalism and the city : the case of Frankfurt am Main, 1866-1914." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1995. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:1e1b5618-6038-42d2-98b7-ecec90ea7805.

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Although in the German Empire the cities were major strongholds of political liberalism, this fact has until very recently attracted little attention from scholars preoccupied with the history of 'high politics' leading up to the two World Wars. This thesis is one of the first analyses of German liberalism at city level, and proceeds from the assumption that in a country with such a regionally and locally diverse political culture as Germany, this type of 'history from below' is a necessary precondition for any satisfactory understanding of the nature of German liberalism in general. Following the introduction, chapter two demonstrates that in Frankfurt, local government became politicised as early as the 1870s. Indeed, chapter three shows how the early experience of Frankfurt liberals in municipal politics was crucial as they defended themselves against emerging political groups during the following decades, particularly the Mittelstand and the SPD. The fourth chapter analyses the development of liberal attitudes towards municipal finance as a background to chapter five which uses the example of Frankfurt to demonstrate how crucial the issue of municipal finance was to the viability of local liberalism not just in theory, but also in practice. Chapter six considers the importance of education to local liberalism as it touched on a number of themes which were central to urban liberals' understanding of themselves, in particular the issues of local self-government and religion. The final chapter looks at the crucial area of social policy, to see to what extent local liberals were merely reactive, and to what extent they were innovative as they faced the new problems of urbanisation and industrialisation. The sophistication of liberal politics in local government, the only level of government where liberals were in the position of carrying out their policies, underlines the gravity of the problem which the lack of parliamentary government posed for liberals at the state and national level. Furthermore, the thesis points to a central dilemma, because, to be successful in Frankfurt and other regions, liberals had to respond to the particular culture at the local level, a requirement that was in direct contrast to the necessity of finding a coherent political consensus at the level of national and state politics. Even though at the local level the liberal capacity of responding to the social and political challenges of their rapidly changing environment has been proved beyond doubt, their policies, their rhetoric and their organisational lead could have only a very limited effect on German liberalism in general. The urban liberals' ideal of creating a more liberal society from 'the bottom up', through the cities, was undermined by the fact that the political future of German liberalism at the state and national level came to rest increasingly on its electoral appeal in the countryside, just at a time when urban liberal self-consciousness reached its peak.
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Straßheim, Peter. "Die Reichstagswahlen im 1. kurhessischen Reichstagswahlkreis Rinteln-Hofgeismar-Wolfhagen von 1866 bis 1914 : eine Wahlanalyse /." Frankfurt am Main [u.a.] : Lang, 2001. http://www.gbv.de/dms/sub-hamburg/326796940.pdf.

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Tavares, Cavalcanti Ana Maria. "Les artistes brésiliens et les "Prix de voyage en Europe" à la fin du XIXe siècle : vision d'ensemble et étude approfondie sur le peintre Eliseu d'Angelo Visconti (1866-1944)." Paris 1, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999PA010597.

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Cette thèse aborde le sujet des prix de voyage en Europe décernés après concours aux artistes brésiliens élevés de l'academia imperial de Belas Artes de Rio de Janeiro. Elle se compose de deux parties. La premiere présente une vision d'ensemble sur les artistes brésiliens, lauréats des concours de l'académie ou pensionnaires de l'empereur Dom Pedro II, venus perfectionner leur art à Paris ou à Rome pendant la période de 1845 à 1887. La seconde partie de la thèse est une étude approfondie sur le peintre Eliseu d'Angelo Visconti (1866-1944), lauréat du concours de prix de voyage de 1892, premier pensionnaire de l'Escola nacional de Belas Artes de Rio de Janeiro, nouvelle appellation de l'ancienne academia imperial, après la proclamation de la république au Brésil, ces parties se complètent, car l'étude sur les prix de voyage situe le peintre Eliseu Visconti dans le contexte de sa formation recue à l'Academia imperial de belas artes. De plus, l'analyse de l'oeuvre de Visconti et de l'influence qu'il a reçue de l'art francais, ainsi que l'examen des diverses interpretations critiques sur sa peinture, rendent possible un approfondissement de la réflexion sur les voyages d'études des artistes brésiliens en Europe. Parmi les contributions que cette thèse apporte à l'histoire de l'art au Brésil, il y en a deux qui doivent être signalées. D'une part, elle organise les informations sur les concours et les activités des pensionnaires brésiliens en Europe, informations jusqu'aujourd'hui dispersées dans les archives. D'autre part, elle propose une reflexion sur l'interprétation courante de cette période de l'histoire de l'art brésilien, vivement influencée par la logique moderniste qui refusa toute valeur à l'art académique. L'auteur propose un regard plus ouvert sur la production artistique brésilienne anterieure à l'avenement des modernistes en 1922.
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Folschweiller, Cécile. "Les prémisses philosophiques du discours : des intellectuels roumains aux temps de la construction de la nation (1866-1919)." Paris, INALCO, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009INAL0009.

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La Roumanie de la deuxième moitié du 19e siècle est marquée par le processus de construction nationale. Celui-ci ne va pas sans bouleversements et remises en question qui atteignent les fondements de la conscience identitaire au moment même où elle semble s'être incarnée dans un Etat moderne. La philosophie se trouve alors naturellement propice à la formulation de ce questionnement radical, existentiel, sur la réalité et les destinées de la nation. Le groupe de jeunes intellectuels, Junimea, qui s'empare du problème, formule une critique profonde de la manière dont le modèle occidental libéral a servi en 1848 et après à bâtir la nation roumaine. Ce modèle culturel et politique importé n'est que "formes sans fond", inadaptées aux réalités locales. Mais la critique des Junimistes mobilise, paradoxalement, des arguments, thèses et concepts issus de la pensée occidentale qui les a formés eux aussi. Et la recherche du "fond" qui se fait jour derrière la critique s'inspire des philosophies de Kant, Schopenhauer, J. S. Mill ou Spencer, combine des traits du romantisme et du rationalisme, de l'idéalisme et du matérialisme, de l'évolutionnisme et des sciences de l'époque. La critique de Maiorescu, les articles politiques d'Eminescu, la métaphysique matérialiste et évolutionniste de Conta, la philosophie de l'histoire de Xenopol, le système du "personnalisme énergétique" de Rădulescu Motru, sont autant de voies pour repenser la nation et la place de l'homme dans une modernité déjà en crise dans l'Europe de la fin du XIXe siècle. Le discours politique, culturel et national des Roumains est nourri de prémisses qui forment aussi celles de l'école philosophique roumaine
In the second half of the XIXth century, Romania was in the throes of nation building. This process was not without its upheavals and questionings, which struck the foundations of national consciousness just when it seemed embodied in the modern State. Philosophy then became the natural medium for the expression of this radical and existential questioning about reality and the future of the nation. Junimea was the group of young intellectuals which took on the problem and replied with a deep criticism of the way in which the Western liberal model had been used in 1848 and later to build the Romanian nation. This imported cultural and political model was mere "form without content" and was not adapted to the local realities. But the Junimists' criticism paradoxically used arguments, theories and concepts from the very Western thought movements that had helped shape them. The search for "content" which appeared beneath the criticism was inspired by the philosophy of Kant, Schopenhauer, J. S. Mill and Spencer, and combined traits of romanticism and rationalism, idealism and materialism, evolutionism and the sciences of the time. Maiorescu's criticism, Eminescu's political articles, Conta's materialistic and evolutionist metaphysics, Xenopol's philosophy of history, Rădulescu-Motru's system of "energetic personalism", all these were different ways of rethinking the concept of nation and man's place in a modernity which was already in crisis in late XIXth century Europe. The premisses of the political, cultural and national discourse of the Romanian thinkers would also be those of the Romanian philosophical school of thought
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Rǎdulescu, Mihai Sorin. "L' élite libérale roumaine (1866-1900)." Paris, INALCO, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995INAL0017.

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Goltz, Maren. "Die Praxis der Bühnen- und Zwischenaktmusik bei den Theateraufführungen der „Meininger“ während der Regierungszeit Herzog Georgs II. von Sachsen-Meiningen (1866–1914)." Saechsische Landesbibliothek- Staats- und Universitaetsbibliothek Dresden, 2009. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:14-qucosa-23538.

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Books on the topic "1866-1914"

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Hess, Ulrich. Geschichte Thüringens, 1866 bis 1914. Weimar: Böhlau, 1991.

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Dubrović, Ervin. Vojno-pomorska akademija u Rijeci 1866.-1914. Rijeka: Pomorski fakultet u Rijeci, 2011.

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Schrammel, Stefan. Architektur und Farbe in Venedig, 1866-1914. Berlin: Gebr. Mann Verlag, 1998.

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Scharf-Wrede, Thomas. Das Bistum Hildesheim 1866-1914: Kirchenführung, Organisation, Gemeindeleben. Hannover: Hahnsche Buchhandlung, 1995.

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Der französische Liederzyklus von 1866 bis 1914: Entwicklungen und Strukturen. Stuttgart: Steiner, 2010.

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Palmowski, Jan. Urban liberalism in imperial Germany: Frankfurt am Main, 1866-1914. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1999.

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Stargardt, Nicholas. The German idea of militarism: Radical and socialist critics, 1866-1914. Cambridge [England]: Cambridge University Press, 1994.

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Schweizer, Stefan. Geschichtsdeutung und Geschichtsbilder: Visuelle Erinnnerungs- und Geschichtskultur in Kassel 1866-1914. Göttingen: Wallstein, 2004.

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Stala, Marian, and Krzysztof Fiołek. Kraków i Galicja wobec przemian cywilizacyjnych (1866-1914): Studia i szkice. Kraków: Tow. Autorów i Wydawców Prac Nauk. "Universitas", 2011.

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Złotnicy krakowscy i ich cech w latach autonomii galicyjskiej 1866-1914. Kraków: Księgarnia Akademicka, 2011.

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Book chapters on the topic "1866-1914"

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Temperley, Howard. "Rapprochement: 1866–1914." In Britain and America since Independence, 59–88. London: Macmillan Education UK, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-87971-7_5.

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Erck, Alfred, and Hannelore Schneider. "Zeittafel zu Georgs II. Regierungsjahren 1866 bis 1914." In Herzog Georg II. von Sachsen-Meiningen (1826-1914), 493–508. Köln: Böhlau Verlag, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.7788/9783412502232-024.

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Marton, Silvia. "“Transparency” and “corruption” in Romanian electoral politics (1866–1914)." In History of Transparency in Politics and Society, 35–52. Göttingen: V&R unipress, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.14220/9783737011556.35.

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Sweeney, Jerry K., and Margaret B. Denning. "Imperialisn and Involvement 1866-1914." In A Handbook of American Diplomacy, 33–54. Routledge, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780429034237-3.

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Byrne, Kevin B., Jerry M. Cooper, James L. Crowder, John M. Lindley, Jerry K. Sweeney, and William J. Woolley. "The Reform Period: 1866-1914." In A Handbook of American Military History, edited by Jerry K. Sweeney, 97–140. Routledge, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780429037887-3.

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Stevenson, David. "Land Armaments in Europe, 1866–1914." In Arms Races in International Politics, 41–60. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198735267.003.0003.

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Lamberti, Marjorie. "Religious conflicts and German national identity in Prussia, 1866–1914." In Modern Prussian History 1830–1947, 169–87. Routledge, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315841816-9.

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McKee, Denis. "Reims, l’évolution du commerce d’épicerie et la naissance du succursalisme (1866-1914)." In Les révolutions du commerce. France, xviiie-xxie siècle, 131–54. Presses universitaires de Franche-Comté, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4000/books.pufc.20254.

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O’Sullivan, Mary A. "Fits and Starts in the History of US Securities Markets, 1866–1914." In Dividends of Development, 21–73. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199584444.003.0002.

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Mackowiak, Philip A. "Genetics." In Patients as Art, 183–202. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190858216.003.0008.

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Chapter 8 (“Genetics”) chronicles an aspect of medicine whose history covers less than two centuries. The modern science of genetics traces its origin only as far back as the work of Gregor Mendel, published in 1866 C.E. The images included in this chapter depict genetic disorders ranging from Down syndrome to Cri-du-Chat syndrome. They also illustrate the high price in genetic defects paid by royal families for excessive inbreeding, since the time of Egypt’s 18th dynasty. The chapter’s final work, a portrait of Henrietta Lacks, speaks to the chromosomal theory of the pathogenesis of cancer, one first clearly enunciated by Theodor Boveri in 1914 C.E.
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