Dissertations / Theses on the topic '1866-1914'
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Vele, Ana-Maria. "Les relations franco-roumaines (1866-1914)." Nantes, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010NANT3007.
Full textClergue, Chantal. "Les professeurs agrégés de l'enseignement secondaire spécial (1866-1914)." Thesis, Lyon 2, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015LYO20043.
Full textIn 1865, Victor Duruy, Minister of State Education appointed by Napoleon III, puts in place an intermediate course between primary and secondary education. This “Special Secondary Education” was meant to provide the nation with intermediate executives for the industry, trade and agriculture. Consequently, this sector called up in its ranks specific teachers and, wishing this new training to be officially recognized, V. Duruy created three distinct agrégations. He also founded at Cluny a Teacher Training College or École normale in charge of training the new staff while giving the opportunity to external candidates to take this new examination. From 1881 onwards the Special Secondary Education underwent several reforms, until 1891 when it became Modern Education. The Teacher Training College closed down and the special agrégations were stopped. The last exam session took place in 1893. From 1866 to that date, 468 candidates will have passed the special agrégation. For a period which extends from 1866 to 1914, our research work suggests first of all getting to know this neglected teaching staff. Relying on the special agrégés’ personal files, we will first study their social, academic and geographical origins, then their personal routes both in their professional and private lives. The study will next attempt to follow these teachers in their everyday life in order to assess their standard of living. Finally, historiography having pointed out that the standard agrégés often showed contempt towards lower grade social groups, our task will be to highlight the place either in the University or in society the special agrégés held
Heinzen, Jasper Maximilian. "Hohenzollern state-building in the Province of Hanover, 1866-1914." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2010. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.608945.
Full textWiechmann, Gerhard. "Die preussisch-deutsche Marine in Lateinamerika 1866-1914 eine Studie deutscher Kanonenbootpolitik /." [S.l. : s.n.], 2000. http://deposit.ddb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?idn=960368477.
Full textPalmowski, Jan. "Liberalism and the city : the case of Frankfurt am Main, 1866-1914." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1995. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:1e1b5618-6038-42d2-98b7-ecec90ea7805.
Full textStraßheim, Peter. "Die Reichstagswahlen im 1. kurhessischen Reichstagswahlkreis Rinteln-Hofgeismar-Wolfhagen von 1866 bis 1914 : eine Wahlanalyse /." Frankfurt am Main [u.a.] : Lang, 2001. http://www.gbv.de/dms/sub-hamburg/326796940.pdf.
Full textTavares, Cavalcanti Ana Maria. "Les artistes brésiliens et les "Prix de voyage en Europe" à la fin du XIXe siècle : vision d'ensemble et étude approfondie sur le peintre Eliseu d'Angelo Visconti (1866-1944)." Paris 1, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999PA010597.
Full textFolschweiller, Cécile. "Les prémisses philosophiques du discours : des intellectuels roumains aux temps de la construction de la nation (1866-1919)." Paris, INALCO, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009INAL0009.
Full textIn the second half of the XIXth century, Romania was in the throes of nation building. This process was not without its upheavals and questionings, which struck the foundations of national consciousness just when it seemed embodied in the modern State. Philosophy then became the natural medium for the expression of this radical and existential questioning about reality and the future of the nation. Junimea was the group of young intellectuals which took on the problem and replied with a deep criticism of the way in which the Western liberal model had been used in 1848 and later to build the Romanian nation. This imported cultural and political model was mere "form without content" and was not adapted to the local realities. But the Junimists' criticism paradoxically used arguments, theories and concepts from the very Western thought movements that had helped shape them. The search for "content" which appeared beneath the criticism was inspired by the philosophy of Kant, Schopenhauer, J. S. Mill and Spencer, and combined traits of romanticism and rationalism, idealism and materialism, evolutionism and the sciences of the time. Maiorescu's criticism, Eminescu's political articles, Conta's materialistic and evolutionist metaphysics, Xenopol's philosophy of history, Rădulescu-Motru's system of "energetic personalism", all these were different ways of rethinking the concept of nation and man's place in a modernity which was already in crisis in late XIXth century Europe. The premisses of the political, cultural and national discourse of the Romanian thinkers would also be those of the Romanian philosophical school of thought
Rǎdulescu, Mihai Sorin. "L' élite libérale roumaine (1866-1900)." Paris, INALCO, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995INAL0017.
Full textGoltz, Maren. "Die Praxis der Bühnen- und Zwischenaktmusik bei den Theateraufführungen der „Meininger“ während der Regierungszeit Herzog Georgs II. von Sachsen-Meiningen (1866–1914)." Saechsische Landesbibliothek- Staats- und Universitaetsbibliothek Dresden, 2009. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:14-qucosa-23538.
Full textSpringer, Scalise Rosina. "Benedetto Croce (1866-1952), un intellectuel libéral italien face à la guerre, à la paix et au totalitarisme." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012STRAG033/document.
Full textThe purpose of this thesis is first to study the part that war plays in the works of the Italian historian and philosopher, Benedetto Croce (1866-1952), when he studies History -in particular that of the 19th century- as well as when he reacts to the events of which he is a contemporary: wars in Ethiopia in 1896 and 1935, in Libya in 1911- 1912 and “pacification” in the nineteen twenties and thirties, First World War, Spanish War, Second World War. Is war sometimes legitimate? Is it necessary to the construction and strengthening of the Italian State? Or on the contrary is it to be avoided at all costs? These are complex questions, for war is not the prerogative of fascism but has already been one of the important characteristics of the liberal regime that preceded fascism in Italy. This research is also focused on the thought and action of Benedetto Croce concerning peace maintaining and then restoring, in particular after both world wars, and his commitment to Europe. The study is based upon the interplay of Benedetto Croce’s works and the documents found in the State Archives in Rome, like the files of the fascist political police who watched Croce during decades because of his anti-fascist commitment
BINDÁ, Thirza Maria Bezerra. "Instituto de Humanidades: História de um Educandário Cearense na Belle Époque (1904-1914)." http://www.teses.ufc, 2008. http://www.repositorio.ufc.br/handle/riufc/3310.
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This dissertation presents the construction of the cronical history of the Instituto de Humanidades, private school, in Fortaleza – Ceará, during its functioning period: from 1904 to 1914, that is, in the context of the belle époque. Since the object of study of this dissertation is the Instituto de Humanidades, the primary source which made possible the analysis of the studied school’s work and also the analysis of the school culture that backboned its pedagogical practices, was the “Revista Escolar”, periodical that was part of the Insituto de Humanidades itself ant that was devised and edited by the Principal Joaquim da Costa Nogueira. The primary sources of this study were found in the “Instituto Histórico e Geográfico do Ceará”, in the rare book sector of the “Biblioteca Pública Governador Menexes Pimentel” and in the “Academia Cearense de Letras”. We must point that the iconographical material were traced in the “Museu da Imagem e do Som do Ceará”. Since the writing process of this work encompasses that of a cronical history, we have adopted Barbara Tuchman as reference, mainly from her work – “The historical practice”. Concerning the study of the history of the school institutions and those on School culture we have based our work in the texts of Justino Pereira de Magalhães, Rosa Fátima de Souza, Vera Teresa Valdemarin and Franco Cambi. In the lines of this dissertation we may realize that the “Instituto de Hmanidades”, being a private institution, educated students from the highest economical, political and intelectual class level, offering them an education based on the method of intuitive teaching and on patriotic values that were present in the republican imagination at that time.
Esta dissertação apresenta a construção da história crônica do Instituto de Humanidades, educandário particular, sediado em Fortaleza – Ceará, durante sua fase de funcionamento: de 1904 à 1914, ou seja, no contexto da belle époque. Sendo o Instituto de Humanidades objeto de estudo dessa dissertação, a fonte primária que possibilitou a visualização de seu funcionamento e cultura escolar que norteava suas práticas pedagógicas foi a Revista Escolar, órgão do educandário que foi idealizada e editada pelo professor Joaquim da Costa Nogueira. As fontes primárias para este estudo foram localizadas no Instituto Histórico, Geográfico e Antropológico do Ceará, setor de obras raras da Biblioteca Pública Governador Menezes Pimentel e Academia Cearense de Letras. Frisamos ainda, que as iconografias que constam na dissertação foram rastreadas no Museu da Imagem e do Som no Ceará. Sendo a escrita dessa dissertação uma história crônica, tomamos por referência Bárbara Tuchman, com sua obra intitulada, A Prática da História. Nas leituras a respeito da História das Instituições Escolares e Cultura Escolar tomamos por base as considerações de Justino Pereira de Magalhães, Rosa Fátima de Souza, Vera Teresa Valdemarin e Franco Cambi. Nas linhas tecidas nesta dissertação percebemos que o Instituto de Humanidades, sendo um educandário particular atendia alunos oriundos da elite econômica, política e intelectual cearense, ofertando-lhes uma formação pautada pelo método de ensino intuitivo e valores cívicos-patriótico presentes no imaginário republicano vigente.
Doria, Carlos Alberto. "Cadencias e decadencias do Brasil : (o futuro da nação a sombra de Darwin, Haeckel e Spencer)." [s.n.], 2007. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/281054.
Full textTese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Filosofia e Ciencias Humanas
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Resumo: À constituição de uma nova nação corresponde também a formação da idéia que a expressa, o modo de representá-la como objeto do pensamento que abarca os seus caracteres sociais, culturais, econômicos, geográficos, históricos e políticos. O propósito dessa tese é estudar a formação desse objeto de pensamento primeiro como um requerimento da filosofia da história do século XIX e, depois, como noção trabalhada no bojo das teorias evolucionistas do período até ela se materializar através da ¿arte de governar¿. A orientação do estudo é, portanto, dispor a nação como conceito em formação segundo a diretriz de integração dos seus vários componentes. Os autores em cujos textos se persegue esse rocesso são, com prioridade, Euclides da Cunha, Manoel Bomfim e Silvio Romero e, secundariamente, Oliveira Vianna. A tese está dividida em quatro partes e nove capítulos. Na primeira parte, em três capítulos, são expostas as hipóteses do trabalho, o enquadramento histórico do tema e a diretriz de integração que orienta metodologicamente o estudo. Na segunda parte, composta por um capítulo, trata-se da filosofia da história como gênero literário típico do século XIX e dos problemas da absorção de uma nação nova nesse nível de representação da história, tomada como um processo ascensional marcado por descontinuidades ¿ ¿decadências¿ ¿ que também afetam a sua trajetória. Na terceira parte, composta por quatro capítulos, discorre-se sobre a adoção por autores nacionais dos paradigmas do evolucionismo, em variantes darwinistas e pré-darwinistas, como elementos de crítica do conhecimento no tratamento de temas como a hereditariedade e a adaptação, considerando as particularidades do meio e das ¿raças¿ humanas que integram idealmente a nação. É esse tratamento pelos autores nacionais que lhes permite vislumbrar uma agenda política para o Estado, agora como principal fautor da nação ou agente político da sua integração. Finalmente, na quarta parte são apresentados argumentos conclusivos do estudo a partir das correlações das partes da tese
Abstract: As it is well known, the constitution of a new nation also corresponds to the construction of the very idea of nation and its own way to represent it as the object of thought which embraces social, cultural, economic, geographic, historical and political characters. The aim of this dissertation is to study the formation of this object of thought first of all as a request of the Philosophy of History in the 19th century, and further, as a notion worked in the core of the evolutionist theories of the period up to its incorporation as object that the state shall incorporate in the ¿art of governing¿. Therefore, the guideline of the study is to display the nation as a concept under formation, according to the guidelines of the integration of its many components. The authors whose texts we pursue this processes are, primarily, Euclides da Cunha, Manoel Bomfim and Silvio Romero, and secondarily, Oliveira Vianna. The dissertation is divided into four parts and nine chapters. In the first part, in three chapters, the hypothesis of the work, the historic settlement of the theme, and the guideline of the integration which gives the methodological orientation of the study, are presented. The second part, corresponding to one chapter, deals with the Philosophy of History as a typical 19th century literary genre, and with the problems of absorbing a new nation in such a level of representation of History as a rising process marked by discontinuities, ¿decadency¿, which also affect the integration of new nations. The third part, composed by four chapters, discoursed about the adoption of the evolutionism paradigms by home authors in Darwinist and pre Darwinist variations, as elements for knowledge criticism in treating themes, such as heritage and the adaptation along the historical process, considering the particulars of the environment, and of the human ¿races¿ which integrate ideally into the nation. It is this treatment given by home authors that allows them to forsee a politic agenda for the Estate, now as the main nation factor or the political agent of its integration. Finally, the forth part presents final arguments of the study as of the correlations of the dissertation parts
Doutorado
Doutor em Sociologia
Maia, Cláudio Silveira [UNESP]. "Pedras perdidas: o decadentismo e a visão pós-colonial de Gastão Cruls." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/102361.
Full textCoordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)
Esta tese, com base nos pensamentos de Franz Fanon, Homi Bhabha e Albert Memmi, faz uma leitura pós-colonial da obra do escritor brasileiro Gastão Cruls (1888-1959), examinando-a pelo viés de sua crítica à colonização e à neocolonização do Brasil e situando seu autor ao lado de Euclides da Cunha de Os sertões, como um dos mais importantes - se não o mais importante entre os de sua época - reveladores da realidade nacional, principalmente do Nordeste e do Norte do Brasil. Paralelamente, esta tese realiza uma leitura decadentista de alguns contos crulsianos e os examina em paralelo à obra de outros decadentistas, como Augusto dos Anjos, Alain Fournier e Oscar Wilde. O objetivo dessa leitura é, sobretudo, ressaltar, na obra de Gastão Cruls, sua produção decadentista de alto nível, ainda pouco estudada, como é a maioria de seus textos. Dessa forma, ao entrelaçar na análise da obra crulsiana a perspectiva pós-colonialista, para revelar o posicionamento crítico do autor em face de uma realidade histórica e de uma realidade social emergente, e a perspectiva decadentista, para explorar sua obra como uma manifestação estética singular que reage aos paradigmas da poética adotados pela sociedade burguesa, esta tese revela Gastão Cruls como um autor crítico, que nos dá uma faceta pouco explorada do período Modernista da Literatura Brasileira.
Based on FF’s, HB’s and AM’s thought, this dissertation offers a postcolonial reading of the work of the Brazilian writer Gastão Cruls (1888-1959) and examines his texts in the light of his critical stance against the colonization and neocolonization of Brazil. It also places Cruls, together with Euclides da Cunha, as one of the most important writers – and maybe the most important in his time – who revealed our national reality, especially of the north and northeast regions of the country. This dissertation also examines some of Cruls’s short stories with the lenses of the Decadent movement and compares them to the work of other writers, such as Augusto dos Anjos, Alain Fournier and Oscar Wilde. It stresses the importance of Cruls’s decadent texts and claims that they have not received the attention they deserve, as is also the case for most of his texts. Therefore, by intertwining a postcolonial perspective, that reveals Cruls’s critical view of the historical and emerging social reality of his country, with a decadent perspective, that elicits his singular literary response to the aesthetic paradigms of the Brazilian burgeois society of his time, this dissertation presents Gastão Cruls as a critical author that represents an almost unexplored aspect of the Brazilian Modernist period.
Plosceanu, Emilia. "Corriger et protéger : la dynamique des réseaux réformateurs en Roumanie (1900-1950)." Paris, EHESS, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014EHES0082.
Full textBetween historical sociology and history of transnational crossings, this thesis explores a configuration of the “reforming nebula”, in its dynamics towards Eastern Europe. By approaching the emergence of scientific specialization in Romania, with a focus on empirical social sciences, at a time of intensified nation-State building, it follows the genesis, the configuration and the disintegration of a space of cooperation to social reform, asserted as a form of scientific authority over political decisions. Driven by the will to correct both the political elite and the common people, in order to build the national community as a solid society, while guaranteeing social peace by protecting “fragile life”, social reform acquires, in this configuration, a paternalist dimension as social instruction and a maternalist dimension as social work
Merkel, Aurélien. "Etude théorique et expérimentale de la propagation acoustique dans les cristaux phononiques granulaires tridimensionnels." Phd thesis, Université du Maine, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00771282.
Full textKenny, Nicolas. "Forging urban culture : modernity and corporeal experiences in Montreal and Brussels, 1880-1914." Thèse, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/6659.
Full textBouchard, Carl. "Projets citoyens pour une paix durable, en France, en Grande-Bretagne et aux États-Unis (1914-1924)." Thèse, Paris 3, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/16801.
Full textJuin, Guillaume. "Romain Rolland dans le contexte suisse de la Grande Guerre." Thesis, Paris 4, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA040285.
Full textThe story of Romain Rolland is that of an antihero. The literary success of his epic novel, Jean-Christophe,turned him into an internationally famous and well-respected writer; but, from 1914 onwards, he becametrapped in the role of intellectual dissident, and would never really break free from it. His controversialarticle entitled “Au-dessus de la Mêlée” (“Above the Crowd”) was written in Switzerland, which had becomea refuge for many intellectuals. He became an inspiration for people the world over. They paid close attentionto his articles, his correspondence and his attitude, and discussed and admired them. The dissemination ofhis ideas and of his writing had a huge impact on Europe and on the wider world. What he was sayingappealed to some, and outraged others; and in particular, often offended the nationalistic feelings that werebeing exacerbated by the conflict – but he always took full responsibility for his words and actions. He putforward a humanist message to the world, in defence of Justice and Truth
Ionescu, Gina-Carmen. "Les agences de presse de Roumanie et la circulation internationale de l'information (1877-1940)." Phd thesis, Université de la Sorbonne nouvelle - Paris III, 2014. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01011240.
Full textBrito, Ana Paula Oliveira Pereira de Morais. "Os estudos de Thomas Hunt Morgan sobre determinação de sexo (1900-1914): herança citoplasmática, cromossômica e outras possibilidades." Pontifícia Universidade Católica de São Paulo, 2008. https://tede2.pucsp.br/handle/handle/13403.
Full textCoordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior
The present research analyses Thomas Hunt Morgan s studies on sex-determination (1900-1913) and tries to elucidate: which were Morgan s main hypotheses to explain such a phenomenon; whether they were well grounded or not and whether there were any changes in his thought in that period. Besides that, it tries to find whether Morgan s contribution concerning sex-determination were significant as compared to those of other scientists of his time, as well as the kind of strategy he used to become the most frequently cited scientist on the subject. This thesis contains an introduction and five chapters. Chapter 1 deals with the hereditary precedents and the general scientific context in which Morgan presented his contributions concerning the subject. It also presents a short account of his career, background and professional interests. Chapter 2 describes the different explanations concerning sex-determination presented by several scientists in the first decade of the 20th century. Chapter 3 discusses some results obtained by Morgan in his studies on sex-determination during the period from 1900 to 1910. Chapter 4 discusses whether the evidence got from Morgan s studies on sex-determination from 1910-11 to 1913 was enough to explain his change of opinion concerning the relationship between sex-determination, chromosomes and Mendel´s principles. Chapter 5 tries to answer the questions presented in the Introduction and provides some final remarks on the subject. This study led to the conclusion that Morgan s belief in a cytoplasmic inheritance of sex-determination till 1910 was grounded on the evidence he got from his embryological studies, as well as his studies on sex-determination in parthenogenetic insects. Even when he admitted in 1909 that chromosomes could contribute in some way to this phenomenon, he supposed that this was a quantitative effect. The evidence got from Morgan s studies from 1910-1911 to 1913 related to sex-linked inheritance in Drosophila, in our view, were not enough to justify his change of mind on the subject by adopting a quantitative Mendelian-chromosome interpretation. Besides that, his old criticisms on the Mendelian chromosome theory as a whole were not answered. This study confirms the interpretation that Morgan s change of view was mainly due to a professional strategy, since he considered this could be a fruitful working hypothesis of work. He admitted students which were of a low academic status in spite of being skilful and well-trained in cytology. Moreover, he chose a cheap and easily breeding experimental material and wrote several works individually or together with his collaborators in a popular style, such as Heredity an sex. Morgan s strategies worked, since after 1910-1911 the works of the Drosophila group were widely cited in the relevant literature
Esta pesquisa, que trata dos estudos de Thomas Hunt Morgan sobre determinação de sexo (de 1900 a 1913), procura elucidar quais foram as principais hipóteses levantadas por Morgan para explicar tal fenômeno; se elas estavam bem fundamentadas; e se houve alguma mudança em seu pensamento durante o período. Além disso, procura saber se as contribuições de Morgan referentes à determinação de sexo foram significativas em comparação àquelas de outros cientistas de sua época, bem como que tipo de estratégia ele utilizou para se tornar o cientista mais citado em relação ao assunto. Esta tese contém uma introdução e cinco capítulos. O primeiro capítulo trata dos precedentes sobre a hereditariedade e o contexto científico em geral em que Morgan apresentou suas contribuições em relação ao assunto. Apresenta também uma curta descrição de sua formação, carreira e interesses profissionais. O capítulo 2 descreve as diferentes explicações para a determinação de sexo que foram apresentadas por diversos cientistas durante a primeira década do século XX. O capítulo 3 discute alguns resultados obtidos por Morgan em seus estudos sobre a determinação de sexo durante o período compreendido entre 1900 e 1910. O capítulo 4 discute se as evidências obtidas nos estudos desenvolvidos por Morgan entre 1910-1911 e 1913 foram suficientes para explicar sua mudança de opinião no que se refere à relação entre determinação de sexo, cromossomos e princípios de Mendel. O capítulo 5 procura responder às perguntas apresentadas na introdução e tece algumas considerações sobre o assunto. Este estudo levou à conclusão de que a visão adotada por Morgan até 1910 baseou-se nas evidências obtidas em seus estudos embriológicos, bem como nos estudos sobre determinação de sexo em insetos partenogenéticos. Quando ele admitiu em 1909 que os cromossomos poderiam contribuir de algum modo, foi de uma maneira quantitativa. As evidências obtidas através dos estudos desenvolvidos por Morgan de 1910-1911 a 1913 relacionadas à herança ligada ao sexo em Drosophila não foram suficientes, a nosso ver, para justificar sua mudança de opinião ao adotar uma interpretação mendeliana-cromossômica, qualitativa. Além disso, suas antigas críticas à teoria cromossômica como um todo não foram respondidas. Este estudo confirma a interpretação de que a mudança de visão por parte de Morgan se deveu principalmente a uma estratégia profissional, uma vez que isso poderia ser uma hipótese de trabalho frutífera. Ele admitiu estudantes que embora tivessem um status acadêmico baixo, eram habilidosos e com treino em citologia. Escolheu um material experimental de custo baixo e que facilitou os cruzamentos. Escreveu trabalhos em estilo popular, como Heredity and sex. Suas estratégias funcionaram, já que a partir de 1910-1911 os trabalhos do grupo Drosophila começaram a ser muito citados na literatura relevante sobre o assunto
Gallez, Philomène. "Des exceptions qui confirment les règles? L'entrepreneuriat féminin à Montréal, 1920-1980." Thèse, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/20466.
Full textWiechmann, Gerhard [Verfasser]. "Die preußisch-deutsche Marine in Lateinamerika 1866 - 1914 : eine Studie deutscher Kanonenbootpolitik / von Gerhard Wiechmann." 2000. http://d-nb.info/960368477/34.
Full textBopp, Clemens [Verfasser]. "Alfred Schönwerth (1865 - 1941) : ein Münchner Chirurg in der Nachfolge von Johann Nepomuk von Nußbaum ; die Entwicklung der Kriegschirurgie von 1866 - 1914 anhand einer Gegenüberstellung der kriegschirurgischen Schriften Vier chirurgische Briefe von Johann Nepomuk von Nußbaum und Vademekum des Feldarztes von Alfred Schönwerth / Clemens Bopp." 2005. http://d-nb.info/978173376/34.
Full textMartel, Lacoursière François. "Militarisme, politique et société allemande (1890-1914) : trois perspectives historiographiques." Thèse, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/7661.
Full textPetitpas, Philippe. "Industries et industriels français du textile face au défi international 1871-1914." Thèse, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/8448.
Full textStrongly connected to international trade, the French textile industry experienced erratic changes between 1871 and 1914. The adoption of protectionist tariffs in 1892 favor cotton manufacturers at the expense of wool and silk producers. The latter export their luxury merchandise on markets that are open to competition. They deal very little on colonial markets, due to a lack of interest in their products. Bold direct importation policies on raw materials help overcome some disadvantages, especially in Roubaix. Several manufacturers urge the government to reform its foreign trade services and hire specialists, but they do not act upon recommendations from experts regarding the adoption of certain measures to promote exports. Several shortcomings of French trade were pointed out early on, but it proved difficult to apply swift solutions. In the context of greater foreign competition, France performed better than we would have imagined. The flexibility of the French manufacturing industry helps it to obtain several orders in the luxury and semi-luxury goods niches. Its level of integration, weaker than in other countries, sometimes proves to be an advantage. However, the textile industry is crippled by its leaders’ great difficulty to do stable business outside of their families. That said, those who deal in specialized, rare or patented production manage to reach agreements more easily and gain the upper hand. The performance and organization of the French textile industry abroad demonstrate that the domestic market provided little incentive to manufacturers to adopt the best possible conditions for production. These companies and those successful exporting their goods are often the strongest and most profitable.
Liétard, Clotilde. "La thématique hivernale dans les oeuvres de Maurice Cullen, de 1896 à 1914." Thèse, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/4417.
Full textThis thesis proposes a study of the winter theme in paintings by Maurice Cullen (1864-1936) between 1896 and 1914. It is based on an analysis of political and cultural contexts. To represent the snowy Canadian landscape, Cullen adapts some techniques from modern impressionism, acquired during his first stay in Europe. Despite this foreign artistic influence thanks to his use of a bright color palette and divisional brush strokes, the perspective and the three dimensions reflect his academic principles. The use of impressionist processes allows Cullen to highlight the features and atmospheric light of his country. By applying these processes on the snow, Cullen creates a work of rediscovery and praises the territory. Indeed, this artist’s main focus is the experience one has in the distinct and sensitive environment that is unique to his territory rather than the choice of thematic canvases. All sensory and visual data contained in his works aim to make the viewer aware of the difficulty to locate within its own territory and to accept the harsh conditions inherent in Canada. His work remains impartial to the conflict of identity between Francophones and Anglophones, although it occurs within the premises of the establishment of a Canadian aesthetic. This thesis argues that Cullen renews winter imagery and the early part of the process of creating a national iconography. With his peers, he is committed to enhancing the local and he opens a debate on the representation of Canadian territory, which will be continued by the next generation with the “ Groupe des Sept”.
Jourdain, Camille. "Paysages de guerre : l'expérience de guerre de A.Y. Jackson au front, 1914-1918." Thèse, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/11586.
Full textNormand, France. ""Tant vaut la sève, tant vaut l'érable." les corps de cadets collégiaux (1879-1914)." Thèse, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/17914.
Full textAudet-Vallée, Kevin. ""Faites un roi, sinon faites la guerre" : l’Action française durant la Grande Guerre (1914-1918)." Thèse, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/8616.
Full textL’Action française was a significant ideological and intellectual movement in the French Third Republic’s political and cultural history. With its nationalist and antirepublican rhetoric, its flashy political activism and its daily newspaper, it advocated the idea of the restoration of the French monarchy to replace the democratic government, which it considered deleterious. However, it put its royalist agenda on hold during the Great War and refocused on its patriotism. L’Action française backed the governments of the firmly republican Union Sacrée throughout the war and became one of the staunchest allies against the threats to the nation, whether internal or external. At the end of the war, L’Action française had become an acknowledged political actor and had acquired intellectual notoriety. Though significant, this turnaround has nonetheless received little attention in the movement’s historiography. This thesis aims to examine L’Action française’s political journey and ideological evolution based on an analysis of politically-flavored columns published in its daily newspaper between 1914 and 1918 and reports of investigations by the French Department of the Interior (Sûreté générale). This study depicts a rather colorful portrait of the movement’s path and evolution. While L’Action française’s theoreticians and newspaper acquired a great fame thanks to their views and efforts moved by national interest, its political activism was practically destroyed by the military mobilization. Moreover, despite adhering in principle to the political truce brought by the Union Sacrée, it never gave up on its ideological criticism of the republican regime and the promotion of its royalist agenda. Studying the French political scene during the Great War and the role L’Action française reveals this ambiguity while illustrating the singularity of the period’s major debates.
Collet-Garand, Aurélie. "French Kiss : les fêtes nationales françaises et américaines dans la France en guerre (1914-1918)." Thèse, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/12475.
Full textThe French national holiday, Bastille Day, was established in 1880 to strengthen popular support to the Third Republic, a disesteemed political regime born ten years earlier. Despite the government’s efforts to rally French people of all allegiances, ideological discord persisted and the parties involved were unable to reach a unanimous decision regarding the national holiday of July 14. Such was the political and social situation in France in 1914, at the dawn of the Great War. While battles and military losses multiply, convictions of a short war gave way to the reality of an endless and destructive conflict. During the years of ceaseless battles, the celebrations of the Bastille Day demonstrated the necessity of adapting national holidays to the context and needs brought to a country by a total war. In parallel, the mourning and suffering birthed by the Great War revived pre-war oppositions, both social and political, thus undermining the Union sacrée, as well as the Republic. The United-State’s involvement in World War I, beginning in April 1917, offered to a few passionate and far-sighted political figures the opportunity to restore consensus among the French people on republican values. In 1917 and 1918, the French government united both French and American national holidays, in the hope to revive optimism, courage and patriotism amongst the population. Beyond the initial tribute to a long sought-after ally, the union of national holidays became a symbol of solidarity and fraternity between both republics, thereby reaffirming the strength and legitimacy of the French political regime in place. The French national holiday, emblematic of the social and political evolution of its people, faced a sense-defining mutation during the Great War. The “Modern” Bastille Day, as developed during the war, never ceases to adapt to the needs and image of the ever-growing society it celebrates.
Couture, Julien. "Voir la guerre venir : la Première Guerre mondiale vue par The New York Times (1914-1917)." Thèse, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/13713.
Full textDupuis, Véronique. "Le service sanitaire de la Compagnie du canal de Suez (1860-1914) : médecine coloniale ou medical encounter?" Thèse, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/7704.
Full textBouchard, Anne-Marie. "Figurer la société mourante : culture esthétique et idéologique de la presse anarchiste illustrée en France, 1880-1914." Thèse, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/4155.
Full textThis dissertation is concerned with an analysis of artistic creations and photographic documents displayed in French anarchist periodicals as efficient techniques of spreading social and political ideas and news. Such a production is contextualized in relation to the contemporary press with which anarchist periodicals engaged in a number of polemical discussions on art conceptions and on political issues, throughout the Third Republic.
Dubé, Alexandre. "Construire la guerre totale par l'image au Canada (1914-1918) : acceptation différenciée d'un discours de guerre « totalisé »." Thèse, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/18338.
Full textRanging from contemporaries to observers of the XX and XIX centuries, the First World War is a part of human history difficult to portray that many have described as a “total war”. This concept, which is often employed as a synonym for a war of extreme intensity, is generally perceived from a material angle. In other words, it involves an all-out mobilisation of human, financial, and material resources. As part of this research, I focus on the intention to completely destroy the enemy at the risk of destroying oneself in the process. After all, why would actors think it logical to risk self-destruction in the war? Above all, this struggle needs to be perceived as logical, which would make it necessary for their own survival; it could even be perceived as desirable because it presages a better future. For this reason, the study of the Canadian case is quite instructive because this British dominion, without objectively being threatened with destruction, has participated in a war effort in a way comparable to Western European states. Hence, understanding the concept of Canadian “total war” of 1914-1918 can enable us to better understand total war efforts of other countries and other conflicts. In this dissertation, I propose a twofold discursive analysis based on images of war—drawings, caricatures, and posters. In the first part, a new “vocabulary” of total war common to the Allies and comprised of myths, images and key words geared to the articulation of a common war language is created in the in the international arena. In the second part, Canada adopts this language, albeit in a differentiated form, for political, ethno-linguistic cultural, and many other reasons. The dynamic of identity creation is borrowed from abroad (“Us”, the Allies against “Them”, the enemies of civilisation) and is transposed to the national level, culminating during the elections of December 1917. By observing how Canada reacted to the resulting stress of the total war effort of the Allies, it is possible to develop an alternative observation of political and social struggles of the Dominion at war that runs counter to traditional historiographies. I propose a portrait of Canadian society where identity, ideas, gender, and a sense of belonging to the Canadian community do not depend on one’s ethnicity, but rather on whether or not one supports the objectives of the total war put forth by the Allies. In brief, the sense of belonging to an international community of ideas at war—the Allies—, according to this analysis, is the guiding principle for nationalist Canadian actors.
Cardinal, Sophie. "Le discours de guerre tenu aux enfants montréalais au sujet de la Première Guerre mondiale entre 1914 et 1918." Thèse, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/4366.
Full textCanadian historians have neglected World War I’s discourse of war aimed at Montréal children between 1914 and 1918. Yet, through an analysis of Montréal newspapers, Québec pedagogical magazines, and some governmental publications, it is possible to understand how the war is explained to children. This thesis aims to highlight the characteristics and objectives of the discourse of war aimed at primary-age children in Montréal. The first chapter focuses on the factual information transmitted to children to determine how the origins of the war were explained to them. We observe the establishment of a triple discourse: a discourse of fear, a reassuring discourse, and a discourse to encourage guilt to sensitize children to the Canadian war effort. The following chapter analyses the principal characteristics of war stories for children. Thus, we will be able to distinguish the objectives of these types of stories. Finally, we will see the role of the child in the discourse of war. We will show how the child in war narratives becomes an actor in the conflict and how the publications use children’s heroic acts. In this war that stresses the mobilization of the entire population, the discourse is addressed to girls and boys, but especially the latter. The First World War is a rich subject in as much as it serves as a pretext for inculcating children with certain traditional and newer knowledge. It finds its way into children’s daily routines, into their leisure activities and household tasks. Children must develop their patriotism and the “natural” virtues appropriate to their gender: boys must learn to make war and girls to support them. The discourse of war seeks to draw the child into the Canadian war effort. It stresses a number of new themes not previously part of an ordinary education, such as Belgium’s geopolitical situation. It encourages young Montrealers to become model future citizens who, when the occasion arises, will know how to give their life for their country, but, in the shorter term, it particularly encourages them to participate in the war effort.
Merlo, Marina. "Le façonnement identitaire des Européens d'Algérie avant la Guerre (1890-1914) : le rôle des cartes postales de scènes de rue." Thèse, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/10410.
Full textThis thesis analyzes two postcards of the city of Algiers, which represent public space. The public spaces show people from mixed communities. These cards were produced in Algiers between about 1890 and 1914, a period which brings together the heyday of the postcard medium and the summit of European colonisation in Algeria. The corpus was chosen because it differs from the general production of Algerian postcards and from the body of images representing Algeria in painting, lithography, and in photography. This specificity of our corpus allows us to argue for the existence of a local consumption of these postcards of Algiers, by the European community. To support this claim, we conduct a comparative study with Cagayous, an extremely popular serial for the Europeans of Algiers. Scholars consider the serial to be representative of this population and the local context. We show that, even if these postcards seem more realistic than typical Orientalist images, they are not devoid of visual strategies and ideologies related to the colonial system. These strategies are detailed and analyzed in this thesis.
Primeau, Francis. "Mgr Bruchési et la modernité à Montréal : étude du rapport entre la religion et la modernité au début du XXe siècle (1897-1914)." Thèse, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/16825.
Full textCarrière, Julien. "La Commission royale d’enquête sur la fonction publique de 1907-1908 : un projet de réforme libérale de l’appareil administratif canadien." Thèse, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/10387.
Full textThe 1908 reform of the civil service marked a turning point in the development of the Canadian State, as it rejected a system based until then on patronage and introduced the principles of merit, independence and neutrality of civil servants, principles that remain grounding forces of today’s civil service. These changes occurred after a long reflection over the nature of the civil service. Such reflection, which resonates with the Anglo-American world, took place over the course of the latter half of the 19th century, though it was often obstructed by a politically favoured status quo. Although ideas for reforming the civil service were put forward by some as early as in the 1870s, it is only with the report of the Royal Commission of Inquiry 1907-1908 that politicians were finally willing to undertake a comprehensive reform, in 1908. Our thesis focuses on this Royal Commission of Inquiry and on the legislative reform that followed, in 1908, events that have drawn little attention from political historians and are rather underdocumented. Our first aim is to explain the political and ideological context surrounding the creation of this commission. We then analyze how it came to its observations and recommendations, which in turn led the Canadian government to reform the civil service as well as its guiding principles. We then scrutinize the various elements of the reform itself, with a view to showing how it broke free from the beliefs of the time and embraced a new ideological framework, the product of a liberal vision of the State.
Hellégouarch, Solenn. "Une méthode dangereuse : comprendre le processus créateur en musique de film, le cas de Norman McLaren et Maurice Blackburn, David Cronenberg et Howard Shore." Thèse, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/12312.
Full textSi Norman McLaren (1914-1987) œuvre principalement dans le domaine onirique de l’animation, David Cronenberg (1943-), parfois surnommé « The Baron of Blood », réalise des films de fiction appartenant à un genre singulier qu’il a lui-même développé, celui de « l’horreur intérieure ». Que peuvent donc partager ces deux cinéastes aux univers a priori si distincts ? Chacun a construit une relation à long terme avec un compositeur : Maurice Blackburn (1914-1988) pour le premier, Howard Shore (1946-) pour le second. Mais si les univers des deux réalisateurs ont été maintes fois investigués, l’apport de leurs compositeurs respectifs demeure peu examiné. Or, d’un univers à l’autre, la musique semble jouer un rôle de toute première importance, chacun des compositeurs étant impliqué très tôt dans le processus cinématographique. Cette implication précoce dans la création collective est indicatrice de la place et du rôle centraux qu’occupent Blackburn et Shore et leur musique au sein de l’œuvre de McLaren, d’une part, et de Cronenberg, de l’autre. De la sorte, les partitions semblent ne pouvoir être considérées comme une simple illustration sonore des films, mais comme une composante tout à fait fondamentale, relançant dès lors la question du rôle de la musique au cinéma : comment le définir ? En outre, au fil de la rencontre continue sur plusieurs films, musique et cinéma en sont venus à un entrelacement tel qu’un style singulier de musicalisation des images se serait développé : quels sont les traits qui définissent ce style ? D’une collaboration à l’autre, cette thèse cherche à établir une poïétique de la création musico-filmique ; elle cherche à décrire et à comprendre les processus créateurs filmique et musical qui déterminent la composition d’une musique de film et, plus encore, une musicalité de tout le complexe audio-visuel. À travers des portraits examinant la pratique et le discours des créateurs et quatre analyses de bandes sonores (A Phantasy de Norman McLaren, Jour après jour de Clément Perron, Crash et A Dangerous Method de David Cronenberg), des liens se tissent peu à peu entre les pensées et les pratiques des deux compositeurs qui développent des stratégies similaires et originales face aux problèmes que leur posent les œuvres de McLaren (l’indissociabilité de la musique et de l’image) et de Cronenberg (la « transformation de l’esthétique humaine »). D’un binôme à l’autre, le cinéma se transforme en un laboratoire musico-filmique où chacun élabore une « méthode dangereuse » qui force l’analyste à explorer de nouvelles avenues méthodologiques.
Norman McLaren’s (1914-1987) animation work evokes a primarily dream-like world. David Cronenberg (1943-), also sometimes known as the “Baron of Blood,” makes fiction films that belong to a singular genre he developed: the “inner horror.” So what can these two filmmakers possibly have in common? They both built a long-term relationship with composers: Maurice Blackburn (1914-1988) for the former and Howard Shore (1946-) for the latter. Though the distinct approaches of these two directors have been widely studied, the weight of the contributions of their respective composers remains largely unmeasured. And this, despite the fact that music seems to play a primary role in these two directors’ process since, in each instance, the composer is involved very early on. This unusually early involvement of the composer, and the ongoing collaboration it entails, are indicative of the central place and role held by Blackburn and Shore’s music in McLaren’s work on the one hand, and Cronenberg’s on the other. This considered, their scores must no longer be seen as direct sound illustration of the films, but rather as essential components of the films, even though such a stance forces us to rethink how we define the role of music in film. Furthermore, from film to film, music and cinema become so intertwined that a singular style of musicalization of the image develops, begging the question: what are the characteristics of this style? From one collaboration to the other, this thesis seeks to establish a poietic of film-music creation; it looks to describe the cinematic and musical creative processes that determine the composition of film music and, beyond that, the musicality of the entire audio-visual complex. Through portraits that investigate the practice and discourse of creators and through the analysis of four soundtracks (A Phantasy by Norman McLaren, Day After Day by Clément Perron, Crash and A Dangerous Method by David Cronenberg), the thoughts and practices of the two composers, who develop similar innovative strategies to solve the problems posed by the works of McLaren (the inseparability of music and image) and Cronenberg (the “transformation of human aesthetics”), are gradually connected. From one duo to another, cinema becomes a musical and cinematic laboratory where each develops a “dangerous method” which forces the analyst to explore new methodological avenues.