Journal articles on the topic '1872-1947'

The subgenus Zarudnionymus Semenov & Bogatchev, 1947 of the genus Adelostoma Duponchel, 1827 is revised. A. ab-yssinicum obockensis subsp. nov. is described from Djibouti. Adelostoma grandicolle Fairmaire, 1890 syn. nov. from Ka-maran Island (Yemen) is synonymised with A. batesi Haag-Rutenberg, 1872 (Yemen). Lectotypes and paralectotypes aredesignated for A. abyssinicum abyssinicum Haag-Rutenberg, 1872, A. batesi Haag-Rutenberg, 1872 and A. grande Haag-Rutenberg, 1879. Habitus photographs and the key for all known species and subspecies of the subgenus Zarudnionymus are presented, together with distribution map.

El autor presenta los protocolos de necropsias de algunos personajes importantes de la vida política e intelectual del país que fueron asesinados. Así: los presidentes José Balta Montero (1814-1872), Manuel Pardo y Lavalle (1834-1878), Luis M. Sánchez Cerro (1889-1933); el empresario y periodista Francisco Graña Garland (1902-1947); y, el periodista y escritor Edwin Elmore Letts (1890-1925).

Die Anfänge einer professionell betriebenen Krankenpflege in Deutschland liegen in den beiden letzten Jahrzehnten des 19. Jahrhunderts. Während der nationalsozialistischen Gewaltherrschaft (NS-Zeit) wurde ihre Existenz wieder ausgelöscht. Hinsichtlich der Etablierung und fürsorglichen Ausgestaltung dieses für jüdische Frauen neuen Berufes im ersten Viertel des 20. Jahrhunderts hat sich der in Stuttgart lebende jüdische Arzt Dr. Gustav Feldmann (1872–1947) ein großes Verdienst erworben. Da er von der Medizingeschichte wie der historischen Pflegeforschung bislang nicht beziehungsweise kaum wahrgenommen wurde, möchte der vorliegende Beitrag einen Überblick über sein Leben und Wirken vermitteln und insbesondere sein publizistisches Werk einem größeren Leserkreis vorstellen.

The aim of this paper is to investigate the statistical aspects of multiannual variability of precipitation at the Hurbanovo station, Slovakia, over 140 years (1872–2011). We compare the long-term variability of annual precipitation for Hurbanovo (Slovakia), Brno (Czech Republic), Vienna (Austria), and Mosonmagyarovar (Hungary) stations using autocorrelation and spectral analysis methods. From the long-term point of view, there is no consistent trend in the annual precipitation; only a multiannual variability has been detected. Consequently we identify changes in the distribution of annual maximum daily precipitation for Hurbanovo during different periods for winter-spring and summer-autumn seasons using histograms, empirical exceedance curves, and frequency curves of daily precipitation. Next, we calculate the periods of days without precipitation exceeding 29 days between 1872 and 2011. The longest period of days without precipitation was 83 days in 1947. The statistical analysis does not confirm our initial hypothesis that neither high daily precipitation (over 51.2 mm per day) nor long dry periods (more than 50 days without precipitation) would occur more frequently nowadays. We assume that the decrease in annual precipitation over the period 1942–2011 (compared to 1872–1941) is caused by the less frequent occurrence of daily precipitation between 0.4 and 25.6 mm.

For many years, as long ago as 1872, the Amphipleura pellucida (Ap) diatom striae and punctae have been an intense object for measuring the quality of resolution of the light microscope (LM). More recent publications have also referenced Ap and the difficulty of resolving its punctae. Thus, from 1872 to 1947,much attention was directed towards Ap but without paying much attention to its detailed valve structure. This was probably due to lack of resolution of LM to reveal the details for the Ap punctae (pores). Work by Stoermer and Pankratz did TEM analysis of Ap in 1964. While their results and mine do not agree, this could be attributed to specimen preparation and the source of the diatoms. However, there is an heretofore unresolved issue about the physical differences of Ap from different geographic locations. My current work should resolve this issue. This started as a challenge about whether Ap could be selectively oriented inside up or inside down.

Joseph Barcroft (1872-1947), fisiólogo británico de Cambridge, vino al Perú hacia fines de 1921 liderando la expedición angloamericana para estudiar las características fisiológicas que permiten a los humanos aclimatarse a la vida en las grandes alturas. Arribaron a Cerro de Pasco, realizando diversas mediciones y a diferentes altitudes, en ellos, en el personal norteamericano de la mina y en algunos nativos. Esta experiencia, publicada dos años más tarde, generaría en el doctor Carlos Monge Medrano (1884-1970) y otros investigadores nacionales el interés de conocer la biología y la patología del hombre andino, en 1927.

Professor William Wayne Babcock (1872-1963) is considered as a leading figure of American surgery during early 20th century. He introduced many innovative surgical techniques such as Babcock operation for the treatment of varicose veins, the Babcock-Bacon operation for the treatment of cancer of the rectum and sigmoid colon preserving anal sphincters, the “soup bone” cranioplasty technique, and the nerve disassociation technique for the relief of certain forms of paralysis or parasthesia due to injury or inflammation. He invented many surgical instruments such as Babcock forceps, which is widely used in everyday surgical practice, the Babcock probe, and also sump drain and lamp chimney sump drain, which also bear his name. In 1947, he received the Master Surgeon Award from the International College of Physicians and Surgeons and in 1954 the American Medical Association presented him with the Distinguished Service Medal.

AbstractThis paper treats taxonomically 10 North American species of the genus Pardosa. The coloradensis group contains only the three species Pardosa metlakatla Emerton, 1917, Pardosa coloradensis Banks, 1894, and Pardosa ontariensis Gertsch, 1933 (= Pardosa pristina Fox, 1937, new synonym). The xerampelina group contains three Nearctic species, namely, Pardosa diuturna Fox, 1937, Pardosa xerampelina (Keyserling, 1877) (= Pardosops impavidula Roewer, 1954, new synonym), and Pardosa nordicolens Chamberlin and Ivie, 1947. The lapponica group comprises the Holarctic species Pardosa lapponica (Thorell, 1872) (= Pardosa harperi Bishop, 1949, new synonym) and the Nearctic Pardosa concinna (Thorell, 1877). The tesquorum group is composed of the Holarctic species Pardosa tesquorum (Odenwall, 1901) and the Nearctic Pardosa mulaiki Gertsch, 1934.

Als Richard Strauss' Elektra am 24. März 1909 in Wien erstmals aufgeführt wurde, hatte Anna Bahr-Mildenburg (1872-1947) die Rolle der Klytämnestra übernommen. Mit ihrer Darstellung konnte sie, auch bei späteren Aufführungen in ganz Europa, große Erfolge verbuchen. [...] Die nachfolgenden Ausführungen haben nicht nur zum Ziel, die Künstlerin als Darstellerin der Klytämnestra zu würdigen, sondern sollen vor allem ihr Darstellungskonzept anhand ihres mit handschriftlichen Eintragungen versehenen Klavierauszuges zur Elektra beleuchten. Gefragt werden solI einerseits, wie dieses in den zeitgenössischen Diskursen zur Bühnendarsrellung positioniert war. Andererseits geht es um die Frage, ob mit diesem Konzept eine in der Partitur möglicherweise immanente gestische Interpretation der Figur oder jedenfalls die Medialität von Körper und Stimme sichtbar und einer wissenschaftlichen Betrachtung zugänglich gemacht werden kann.

The genus Epicadinus Simon, 1895 can easily be distinguished from the other Neotropical Stephanopines by their abundant and robust setiferous tubercles, topped by elongated macrosetae, which cover most of the tegument. Additionally, the genus can be recognized by a pair of conical ocular mounds above the ALE, the anterior eye row very recurved, posterior one slightly procurved; carapace flattened and without tubercles, and opisthosoma with three conical projections (“tubercles”) of variable size and shape. This work is a taxonomic review of the 12 valid species of Epicadinus as listed in version 19 of the World Spider Catalogue (2018), whose hitherto known distribution included few records from Brazil, French Guiana, Bolivia and Peru, and only one from Mexico. Four valid species are recognized: Epicadinus biocellatus Mello-Leitão, 1929; E. trispinosus (Taczanowski, 1872) [with two junior synonyms E. trifidus (Pickard-Cambridge, 1893) syn. nov. and E. cornutus (Taczanowski, 1872) syn. nov.]; E. spinipes (Blackwall, 1862) [with two junior synonyms E. albimaculatus Mello-Leitão, 1929 syn. nov. and E. gavensis Soares, 1946 syn. nov]; and E. villosus [with two junior synonyms E. helenae Piza, 1936 syn. nov. and E. marmoratus Mello-Leitão, 1947 syn. nov.]. Epicadinus polyophthalmus Mello-Leitão, 1929 and Epicadinus tuberculatus Petrunkevitch, 1910 are transferred to Epicadus. Epicadus polyophthalmus (Mello-Leitão, 1929) comb. nov. is considered a nomen dubium. Epicadus tuberculatus (Petrunkevitch, 1910) comb. nov. is a senior synonym of Epicadus pustulosus (Mello-Leitão, 1929) syn. nov.

Hannes Olof Gosta Alfven was born in Norrkoping, Sweden, the son of Johannes Alfven (1878–1944) and Anna–Clara Romanus (1874–1947). Both his parents were practising physicians; they settled in the industrial town of Norrkoping because of their interest in social work. Hannes had one sister Anne–Marie (b. 1913), who became a librarian. His father, who grew up in Stockholm, had a strong interest in science and especially psychiatry. One of his father's many brothers was also a physician, Andrew Alfven; he was politically radical and devoted much of his time to giving evening lectures at worker's institutes. Another uncle, Gosta Alfven, was an agronomist with concern for environmental issues; he also took a private interest in astronomy, keeping a daily journal of luminosity of the stars. A third uncle, Hugo Alfven (1872–1960) was a musician, famous both as a conductor and composer.

A tanulmány az erdélyi magyar pszichológia, s különösen a kísérleti megközelítés és az oktatás alakulásával foglakozik a kezdetektől 1989-ig. A kezdeteket a kolozsvári Ferenc József Tudományegyetem alapításától (1872) a felszámolásáig (1919) tartó időszakban Parádi Kálmán, első erdélyi „Physiológiai lélektan”-a (1887), Lechner Károly pszichiáterprofesszor, Palágyi Menyhért filozófus reakcióidő-vizsgálatai (1906) és Böhm Károly filozófiaprofesszor tevékenysége illusztrálja. A két világháború között Erdélyben csak a kolozsvári román I. Ferdinánd Király Egyetemen volt lehetőség pszichológiát és filozófiát tanulni; a pszichológiai érdeklődést egyesületek, folyóiratok tartották fenn. A második bécsi döntés utáni időszakban (1940–1944), a Szegedről Kolozsvárra visszaköltözött egyetem Lélektani Intézetében (professzor: Várkonyi Hildebrand Dezső), majd 1945–1959 között létrejött Bolyai Tudományegyetem Pszichológiai Tanszéke (vezetője 1946–1947-ben Harkai Schiller Pál, majd Zörgő Benjamin) tevékenységéhez kapcsolódik a képzés és kutatás. A következő fejlődési szakasz a kényszeregyesített Babeş-Bolyai Egyetem Pszichológiai Tanszéke magyar tagozatának munkájához (Zörgő Benjamin, Fodor Katalin, Kulcsár Tibor) kapcsolódik. 1982 és 1989 között a romániai pszichológia teljes betiltása következik be, és csak Ceauşescu diktatúrájának 1989-es megdöntése után szerveződik újra.

Het wordt in de historiografie van de Vlaamse beweging aanvaard dat Hendrik Conscience door de Brusselse progressieve vereniging ‘De Veldbloem’ in 1872 werd gevraagd om te kandideren voor de parlementaire verkiezingen. Conscience zou dat geweigerd hebben. Dit is uiteraard geen onbetekenend feit in de biografie van de man die ‘zijn volk leerde lezen’.Dit gegeven is terug te voeren op de geschriften van Antoon Jacob (°1889) van na de Eerste Wereldoorlog. Jacob werd beschouwd als een autoriteit inzake Conscience. Maar waar is het bewijs? Hij verwees daarbij naar “uitvoerige correspondentie” maar die is niet te vinden. Het ADVN slaagde erin om de archivalische nalatenschap van de in 1947 gestorven Jacob te verwerven. Daarin bleken heel wat brieven van en aan Conscience te zitten. De briefwisseling met ‘De Veldbloem’ was onderwerp van deze bijdrage. Daarin is geen spoor te vinden van de poging om Conscience op het politieke strijdtoneel te brengen in Brussel. Daarbij moet de vraag gesteld worden hoe Jacob deze archiefstukken verzamelde en wat ermee is gebeurd tijdens zijn turbulente leven en talrijke omzwervingen. Het is best mogelijk dat er een en ander is verloren gegaan. Toch is deze nalatenschap een belangrijke aanwinst voor de studie van de geschiedenis van de Vlaamse beweging en die van Conscience in het bijzonder. ________ The Brussels association ‘De Veldbloem’ seeks contact with Hendrik Conscience. Two recently discovered letters It is an accepted fact in the historiography of the Flemish Movement that the Brussels progressive Association ‘De Veldbloem’ [=the Wildflower] asked Hendrik Conscience in 1872 to be their candidate for the parliamentary elections. It is said that Hendrik Conscience refused the request. This is of course a very significant fact in the biography of the man ‘who taught his people to read.’ This information may be inferred from the writings of Antoon Jacob (°1889) from the period after the First World War. Jacob was regarded as an authority on Conscience. But where is the evidence of this? In his claim, he referred to ‘extensive correspondence’, but that correspondence is not extant. The ADVN managed to acquire the archival legacy of Jacob who died in 1947. It turned out that it included quite a number of letters to and from Conscience. The exchange of letters with ‘De Veldbloem’ was the subject of this contribution. It contains no trace of the attempt to bring Conscience into the political arena in Brussels. It raises the question how Jacob collected these archival documents and what happened to them during his turbulent life and his many peregrinations. It is certainly possible that some documents have been lost. However, this legacy is still an important acquisition for the study of the history of the Flemish Movement and of Conscience in particular.

The Kızılırmak River is the longest inland river, has the second-largest basin, and is one of the most important water sources of Turkey. On the other hand, flow data in the basin are too short-term and discordant, with too many gaps to provide reliable information regarding variations in river runoff. In this research, we reconstructed the April–July total precipitation and mean April–August streamflow of Gökırmak River at one gauge in the lower Kızılırmak River Basin using seven regional tree-ring chronologies. Tree-ring chronologies were highly correlated with the precipitation from April to July and with the streamflow from April to August. Both reconstructions successfully explained total variance in instrumental records with 0.36 (precipitation) and 0.35 (streamflow) R2 values. We provided 210 years (1794–2003) of precipitation and streamflow reconstructions, which largely overlapped. Five extreme dry (1840, 1842, 1873, 1887, and 1947) and four extreme wet years (1829, 1837, 1814 and 1881) were determined. The longest consecutive drought and wet events were three years long, for the periods of 1926–1928 and 1835–1837, respectively. The 13-year low-pass filter values highlighted a 30-year-long (from 1843 to 1872) stationary period of April–August mean streamflow.

The publication contains review of the genera of jumping spiders: Emertonius, Evarcha, Nigorella, Padilothorax, Stagetillus, and delimits five more new genera, provides graphic documentation for species considered recognizable and adds description of four new species. The taxonomic procedures are carried out according to methodology of "pragmatic classification", which stresses importance of graphic diagnostic characters presented in a comparative way (see also review at “Methodological postulates” subchapter). Some new procedures are introduced, testing their acceptability.The following new genera are delimited and described in this paper: Evarcha Simon, 1889 s. s. (a part of Evarcha s. l.), Evacin Prószyński, 2017 gen. n., Evalba Prószyński, 2017 gen. n., Evaneg Prószyński, 2017 gen. n., Evawes Prószyński, 2017 gen. n., Padillothorus gen. n. Genus Emertonius Peckham & Peckham, 1892, misinterpreted twice by the WSC Editors, is reinstated again, with full diagnostic documentation repeated.The following new species are described in this paper - Emertonius koomeni sp. n., Evacin besar sp. n., Evaneg aegiptiaca Prószyński, 2017 sp. n ."Emertonius" palawanensis sp. n.New synonyms documented.Evarcha acuta Wesolowska, 2006 = Evacin acuta (Wesolowska, 2006), comb. n., Evarcha bulbosa Zabka, 1985 = Evacin bulbosa (Zabka, 1985), comb. n., Evarcha cancellata Simon, 1902 = Evacin cancellata (Simon, 1902), comb. n., Evarcha flagellaris Haddad & Wesolowska, 2011= Evacin flagellaris (Haddad & Wesolowska, 2011), Evarcha flavocincta (C. L. Koch, 1846) = Evacin flavocincta (C. L. Koch, 1846) comb. n., Evarcha heteropogon Simon, 1903 = Evacin heteropogon Simon, 1903, comb. n., Evarcha infrastriata (Keyserling, 1881) = Evacin infrastriata (Keyserling, 1881), comb. n., Evarcha karas Wesolowska, 2011 = Evarcha karas (Wesolowska, 2011), comb. n., Evarcha kirghisica Rakov, 1997 = Evacin kirghisica (Rakov, 1997), comb. n., Evarcha kochi Simon, 1902 = Evacin kochi Simon, 1902 comb. n., Evarcha nigrifrons (Koch C.L., 1846) = Evacin nigrifrons (Koch C.L., 1846), comb. n., Evarcha optabilis Fox, 1937 = Evacin optabilis (Fox, 1937), comb. n., Evarcha pococki Zabka, 1985 = Evacin pococki (Zabka 1985), comb. n., Evarcha pulchella Thorell, 1895 = Evacin pulchella (Thorell, 1895), comb. n., Evarcha pseudopococki Peng X., Xie L. & Kim, 1993 = Evacin pseudopococki (Peng X., Xie L. & Kim, 1993), comb. n., Evarcha reiskindi Berry, Beatty, Proszynski, 1996 = Evacin reiskindi (Berry, Beatty, Proszynski, 1996), comb. n., Evarcha simoni[s] (Thorell, 1892)= Evacin simonis (Thorell, 1892), comb. n., Evarcha striolata Wesołowska & Haddad, 2009 = Evacin striolata (Wesołowska & Haddad, 2009), comb. n., Evarcha vitosa Próchniewicz, 1989 = Evacin vitosa (Próchniewicz, 1989), comb. n.Evarcha albaria (L. Koch, 1878) = Evalba albaria (L. Koch, 1878), comb. n., Evarcha coreana Seo, 1988 = Evalba coreana (Seo, 1988), comb. n., Evarcha fasciata Seo, 1992 = Evalba fasciata (Seo, 1988), comb. n., Evarcha paralbaria Song & Chai, 1992 = Evalba paralbaria (Song & Chai, 1992), comb. n., Evarcha selenaria Suguro & Yahata, 2012 = Evalba selenaria (Suguro & Yahata, 2012), comb. n., Evarcha wulingensis Peng, Xie & Kim, 1993 = Evalba wulingensis (Peng, Xie & Kim, 1993), comb. n.Evarcha armeniaca (Logunov, 1999) = Evaneg armeniaca (Logunov, 1999), comb. n., Evarcha darinurica Logunov, 2001 = Evaneg darinurica (Logunov, 2001) , comb. n., Evarcha negevensis (Proszynski, 2000) = Evaneg negevensis (Proszynski, 2000) comb. n., Evarcha nenilini Rakov, 1997= Evaneg nenilini (Rakov, 1997), comb. n., Evarcha nepos ( O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1872) = Evaneg nepos (O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1872), comb. n., Evarcha nigricans Dalmas, 1920 = Evaneg nigricans (Dalmas, 1920), comb. n.,Evarcha pileckii Proszynski, 2000 = Evaneg pileckii (Proszynski, 2000), comb. n., Evarcha praeclara Prószyński & Wesolowska, in Prószyński, 2003 = Evaneg praeclara (Prószyński & Wesolowska, in Prószyński, 2003), comb. n., Evarcha seyun Wesolowska W., van Harten, 2007 = Evaneg seyun (Wesolowska W., van Harten, 2007), comb. n., Neaetha aegyptiaca Denis, 1947 female only = Evaneg aegyptiaca (Prószyński, 2017) ), comb. n., Neaetha aegyptiaca Denis, 1947 male only = Hyllus aegyptiacus (Denis, 1947), comb. n.Evarcha arabica Wesolowska & van Harten, 2007 = Evawes arabica (Wesolowska & van Harten, 2007) comb. n., Evarcha awashi Wesolowska & Tomasiewicz, 2008 = Evawes awashi (Wesolowska & Tomasiewicz, 2008) comb. n., Evarcha bakorensis Wesolowska & Russel-Smith 2011 = Evawes bakorensis (Wesolowska, Russel-Smith 2011) comb.n., Evarcha bicuspidata Peng & Li, 2003 = Evawes bicuspidata (Peng & Li, 2003) comb. n., Evarcha bihastata Wesolowska & Russell-Smith, 2000 = Evawes bihastata (Wesolowska & Russell-Smith, 2000), comb.n., Evarcha carbonaria (Lessert, 1927) = Evawes carbonaria (Lessert, 1927), comb.n., Evarcha chubbi Lessert, 1925 = Evawes chubbi (Lessert, 1925), comb. n., Evarcha culicivora Wesolowska & Jackson 2003 = Evawes culicivora (Wesolowska & Jackson 2003) comb. n., Evarcha denticulata Wesołowska & Haddad, 2013 = Evawes denticulata (Wesołowska & Haddad, 2013), comb.n., Evarcha elegans Wesolowska & Russel-Smith, 2000 = Evawes elegans (Wesolowska & Russel-Smith, 2000), comb. n., Evarcha ignea Wesołowska & Cumming 2008= Evawes ignea (Wesołowska & Cumming 2008), comb. n., Evarcha jucunda (Lucas, 1846) = Evawes jucunda (Lucas, 1846) comb. n., Evarcha longula (Thorell, 1881) = Evawes longula (Thorell, 1881) comb. n., Evarcha maculata Rollard & Wesolowska, 2002 = Evawes maculata (Rollard & Wesolowska, 2002), comb. n., Evarcha madagascariensis Proszynski, 1992 = Evawes madagascariensis (Proszynski, 1992), comb. n., Evarcha mirabilis Wesołowska & Haddad 2009 = Evawes mirabilis (Wesołowska & Haddad 2009), comb.n., Evarcha patagiata (O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1872) = Evawes patagiata (O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1872), comb.n., Evarcha picta Wesolowska & van Harten, 2007 = Evawes picta (Wesolowska & van Harten, 2007), comb. n., Evarcha pinguis Wesołowska & Tomasiewicz, 2008 = Evawes pinguis (Wesołowska, Tomasiewicz, 2008), comb. n., Evarcha prosimilis Wesolowska & Cumming, 2008= Evawes prosimilis (Wesolowska & Cumming, 2008), comb. n., Evarcha zimbabwensis Wesolowska & Cumming, 2008 = Evawes zimbabwensis (Wesolowska & Cumming, 2008), comb. n.Evarcha hirticeps (Song & Chai, 1992) = Nigorella hirticeps (Song & Chai, 1992), comb. n., Evarcha hunanensis Peng, Xie & Kim, 1993 - withdrawal from synonymy = Nigorella hunanensis (Peng, Xie & Kim, 1993), comb. n., Evarcha petrae Prószyński, 1992 = Nigorella petrae (Prószyński, 1992), comb. n., Evarcha sichuanensis Peng, Xie & Kim, 1993 = Nigorella sichuanensis (Peng, Xie & Kim, 1993), comb. n.Hyllus fischeri Bösenberg & Strand, 1906 = Evacin fischeri (Bösenberg & Strand, 1906), comb. n. (separated from synonymy of Evarcha flavocincta).Hasarius simonis Thorell, 1892 = Evacin simonis (Thorell, 1892), comb. n. (separated from synonymy of Evarcha flavocincta).Myrmarachne aureonigra Edmunds, Prószyński, 2003) = Myrmaplata aureonigra (Edmunds, Prószyński, 2003), comb. n.Myrmarachne exasperans (Peckham & Peckham, 1892) = Emertonius exasperans Peckham & Peckham, 1892 (return to original combination),"Myrmarachne" "exasperans": Wanless 1978: 235, f. 1A-F, not f. 2) (male from Palawan only) = "Emertonius" palawanensis sp. n.,Myrmarachne grossa Edmunds & Prószyński, 2003 = Toxeus grossus (Edmunds & Prószyński, 2003) comb. n.Neaetha aegyptiaca Denis, 1947 (in part - female) = Evaneg aegiptiaca Prószyński, 2017, sp. n., Neaetha aegyptiaca Denis, 1947 (in part - male) = Hyllus aegiptiacus (Denis, 1947) comb. n.Stagetillus elegans (Reimoser, 1927) = Padillothorus elegans Reimoser, 1927, comb. n., reinstated original combination, Stagetillus semiostrinus (Simon, 1901) = Padillothorax semiostrinus Simon, 1901, comb. n., reinstated original combination, Stagetillus taprobanicus (Simon, 1902) = Padillothorax taprobanicus Simon, 1902, comb. n., reinstated original combination.Viciria alba Peckham & Peckham, 1903 = Evacin alba (Peckham & Peckham, 1903), comb. n.Correction of the following synonyms (rejecting biologically misleading changes by the WSC) documented in this paper. Colyttus kerinci (Prószyński & Deeleman-Reinhold, 2012) = Donoessus kerinci Prószyński & Deeleman-Reinhold, 2012 (returned to the previous combination), Colyttus nigriceps (Simon, 1899) = Donoessus nigriceps (Simon, 1899) (returned to the previous combination), Colyttus striatus (Simon, 1902) = Donoessus striatus Simon, 1902 (returned to the previous combination),Coryphasia heros (Bryant, 1943) = Dinattus heros Bryant, 1943 (returned to the previous combination), Jollas armatus (Bryant, 1943) = "Oningis" armatus Bryant, 1943 (returned to the previous combination), Jollas crassus (Bryant, 1943) = "Oningis" crassus Bryant, 1943 (returned to the previous combination), Laufeia daiqini (Prószyński & Deeleman-Reinhold, 2012) = Junxattus daiqini Prószyński & Deeleman-Reinhold, 2012 (returned to the previous combination), Laufeia eucola (Thorell, 1890) = Orcevia eucola Thorell, 1890 (returned to the previous combination), Laufeia keyserlingi (Thorell, 1890) = Orcevia keyserlingi Thorell, 1890 (returned to the previous combination), Laufeia kuloni (Prószyński & Deeleman-Reinhold, 2012) = Orcevia kuloni Prószyński & Deeleman-Reinhold, 2012, (returned to the previous combination,), Laufeia minuta (Prószyński, 1992) = Lechia minuta (Prószyński, 1992) (returned to the previous combination), Laufeia proszynskii Song, Gu & Chen, 1988= Orcevia proszynskii (Song, Gu & Chen, 1988) (returned to the previous combination), Laufeia squamata = Lechia squamata (returned to the previous combination)Notice on pending revisions Evaneg praeclara (Prószyński & Wesolowska in Prószyński, 2003) (= "Evarcha praeclara") is a composite species, pending taxonomic revision, "Myrmarachne" kilifi Wanless, 1978 - placement and diagnostic characters pending revision, "Myrmarachne" laurentina Bacelar, 1953 - placement and diagnostic characters pending revision.Removal from Evarcha: Evarcha wenxianensis Tang & Yang, 1995 = Yaginumaella wenxianensis (Tang & Yang, 1995) (Fig, 15R).

Joseph Barcroft (1872–1947) was an eminent British physiologist who made contributions to many areas. Some of his studies at high altitude and related topics are reviewed here. In a remarkable experiment he spent 6 days in a small sealed room while the oxygen concentration of the air gradually fell, simulating an ascent to an altitude of nearly 5,500 m. The study was prompted by earlier reports by J. S. Haldane that the lung secreted oxygen at high altitude. Barcroft tested this by having blood removed from an exposed radial artery during both rest and exercise. No evidence for oxygen secretion was found, and the combination of 6 days incarceration and the loss of an artery was heroic. To obtain more data, Barcroft organized an expedition to Cerro de Pasco, Peru, altitude 4,300 m, that included investigators from both Cambridge, UK and Harvard. Again oxygen secretion was ruled out. The protocol included neuropsychometric measurements, and Barcroft famously concluded that all dwellers at high altitude are persons of impaired physical and mental powers, an assertion that has been hotly debated. Another colorful experiment in a low-pressure chamber involved reducing the pressure below that at the summit of Mt. Everest but giving the subjects 100% oxygen to breathe while exercising as a climber would on Everest. The conclusion was that it would be possible to reach the summit while breathing 100% oxygen. Barcroft was exceptional for his self-experimentation under hazardous conditions.

Cmentarz to temat wręcz stworzony do snucia dekadenckich rozważań nad ulotnością i kruchością ludzkiego życia, nic zatem dziwnego, że chętnie podejmowali go młodopolscy moderniści. Jednym z nich był Józef Czajkowski (1872–1947) – twórca niezwykle wszechstronny i zasłużony dla rozwoju polskiej architektury, rzemiosła i edukacji, a przy tym grafik i malarz eksperymentujący z kompozycją, kolorem i warsztatem. Świadczy o tym litografia barwna z 1903 roku jego autorstwa, zatytułowana Cmentarz klasztorny w Krakowie, oraz obraz olejny na płótnie z 1910 roku Ogród zimą, będący powtórzeniem, ale i rozwinięciem graficznej kompozycji. Czajkowski, dla którego zima ze swoim krajobrazem była ulubioną do uwieczniania porą roku (czego potwierdzeniem są dwa wybitne płótna: Sad w zimie z 1900 roku ze zbiorów Muzeum Narodowego w Krakowie oraz namalowane rok później Zima. Paw w ogrodzie z Lwowskiej Galerii Sztuki), zarówno w litografii, jak i w obrazie olejnym dał popis maestrii w syntetyzowaniu kompozycji, budowaniu przestrzeni za pomocą kontrastów walorowych i barwnych i oddawaniu atmosfery miejsca. Zwłaszcza wysmakowane niuanse w obrębie wąskiej gamy bieli, czerni i brązów, zastosowane w Ogrodzie zimą, pokazują malarską klasę Czajkowskiego, jak się okazuje – równie wybitnego pejzażystę, jak jego młodszy brat Stanisław Czajkowski. Obaj bracia byli uczniami Jana Stanisławskiego. Józef wydaje się jednak być bardziej oryginalnym i wytrawnym kolorystą i symbolistą, choć nie poświęcił się malarstwu. W swojej dojrzałej twórczości dążył do syntezy sztuk, każde dzieło traktując wielopłaszczyznowo, pod względem poszukiwań tak warsztatowych, jak i treściowych. Dlatego wątek sepulkralny, pojawiający się także w obrazie Kirkut z 1900 roku, nie wydaje się być przypadkowy i zasługuje na wnikliwą analizę – także w kontekście badań nad grafiką i malarstwem młodopolskiego modernizmu.

The results of systematic monitoring in Ukraine of drought manifestations by the method of generalization of spring, summer and autumn droughts conducted by I. Ye. Buchynsky for 1872-1969 and our meteorological generalizations by types of weather (1951-1984) and clearly expressed zonal climate changes (1985-2006) and statistical and local signs of climate aridization at the meteorological station in the northern part of the Forest-Steppe (" Shepherds ") – 2006-2020, covering a total historical period of 150 years. According to the spatial distribution of droughts, determined by a single method, from 1982 to the late 60s of the twentieth century. Mainly in the south of Ukraine, in 2 years. The number of moderate and extensive droughts since the early twentieth century. (11-30 % of the area of distribution), characteristic of the summer period, and they are repeated in the south in 4-5 years. Catastrophic droughts (more than 50%) are characteristic of large areas for every tenth year, which, since the last quarter of the nineteenth century and to the 50s of the twentieth century. Ended in famine for the population (especially the droughts of 1891, 1921, 1947). Subsequent droughts in 1963 and 1968 were characterized by abnormal weather conditions, but without a food crisis, which was associated with the beginning of chemicalization and the increase in agricultural crops. Meteorological indicators of six stations in different climatic zones for 1951-1981 and 1985-2008 indicate a zonal systematic increase in positive air temperatures with decreasing precipitation, the deficit of which is compensated by the system of agriculture with moderate saturation of organic and mineral fertilizers, which have a stabilizing effect extreme years. From the last quarter of the twentieth century. Climate change has been identified, which is related not only to the greenhouse effect, but also to the frequency that depends on the ecliptic of the globe. Particularly noticeable climate change in recent decades, accompanied by a systematic increase in air temperature and increasing aridity of the climate, and requires humanity to new technical and technological solutions.

Our research project “Unworthy of History” focuses on discussing the historical narrative in Polishhistory textbooks that are used in teaching history at the middle school level. The aim is to analyze and describe ways of thinking about as well as presenting the role and place of women and men in history in schools. Research shows that women are portrayed in textbooks as playing a less important role than men – they are almost non-existent in public life. “(...) what is male is universal. What is female is accidental and secondary”. The few women that are mentioned in these textbooks are portrayed in traditional roles, usually family roles, and in those contexts and spheres of life that are culturally considered to be typically feminine. Women are not only under-represented in history textbooks; also, informationabout them is often distorted or simply untrue. The topic of the (in)equality between women and men as well as the history of women’s emancipation movements, which are related to the empowerment of half of humanity, is not considered worthy to be presented in Polish textbooks. Our presentation and study focused on the absence and stereotypical representations of women scientists in Polish history textbooks. The results reveal that although women could be as creative and hard working as men – not exclusively in the fields traditionally associated with women (e.g. Josephine Cochran invented the dishwasher in 1872, and Marion Donovan – disposable diapers in 1950) butalso in those associated with men (e.g. Mary Anderson created windshield wipers in 1903 and Grace Murray found the first computer bug in 1947) – their contribution to the development of societies is marginalised, trivialised or totally omitted by the authors Polish history textbooks. In every textbook analysed, men make up over 90% of characters introduced by name although they were not necessarily widely known. On the other hand, women who achieved professional success in science, art or social development get ignored.

ObjectiveInflammation has been implicated in the aetiology of mental illness. We conducted the first systematic review and meta-analysis of the association between peripheral markers of inflammation and generalised anxiety disorder (GAD).DesignSystematic review and meta-analysis of studies measuring peripheral cytokine levels in people with GAD compared with controls.Data sourcesMEDLINE (1950–), EMBASE (1947–), PsycINFO (1872–) and Web of Science (1945–) databases up until January 2018.Eligibility criteriaPrimary, quantitative research studies of people with a diagnosis of GAD assessed using a standardised clinical interview that measured peripheral inflammatory markers.Data extraction and synthesisTwo independent reviewers extracted data and assessed study quality. Meta-analysis using a random-effects model was conducted for individual cytokines where data from three or more studies were available.Results14 of 1718 identified studies met the inclusion criteria, comprising 1188 patients with GAD and 10 623 controls. In total 16 cytokines were evaluated. Significantly raised levels of C reactive protein (CRP), interferon-γ and tumour necrosis factor-α were reported in patients with GAD compared with controls in two or more studies. Ten further proinflammatory cytokines were reported to be significantly raised in GAD in at least one study. However, 5 of 14 studies found no difference in the levels of at least one cytokine. Only CRP studies reported sufficient data for meta-analysis. CRP was significantly higher in people with GAD compared with controls, with a small effect size (Cohen’s d=0.38, 0.06–0.69), comparable with that reported in schizophrenia. However, heterogeneity was high (I2=75%), in keeping with meta-analyses of inflammation in other psychiatric conditions and reflecting differences in participant medication use, comorbid depression and cytokine sampling methodology.ConclusionThere is preliminary evidence to suggest an inflammatory response in GAD, but it remains unclear whether inflammatory cytokines play a role in the aetiology. GAD remains a poorly studied area of neuroinflammation compared with other mental disorders, and further longitudinal studies are required.

The author of this article researches the historical personality of Lieutenant-General Anton Ivanovich Denikin (1872–1947) – a unique, tragic figure in the history of the Russian power, a military leader, a politician, a writer, – during thirty years of his scientific and pedagogical activity. The scientific results obtained by the researcher are reflected in his doctoral dissertation, four monographs. The biography of the combat Russian general was written, which was published twice (in 2000 and 2006) by the publishing house “Young Guard” in the series “Life of wonderful people”. Documentary-fiction narration about the personality and the fate of Anton Ivanovich has been performed, a large number of articles in scientific periodicals and reports in the materials of various scientific forums were published. An anthology about him is also published in the format “pro et contra”. It is clear that such a vast and diverse body of work could not but reflect the topic that is indicated in the title of this article. Was Lieutenant General Anton Ivanovich Denikin an anti-Semite? If he was, how was it reflected in his deeds? The search for answers to such burning questions, questions that are exclusively debatable and sometimes polemical in nature (both in domestic and foreign historiography), was carried out through the analysis of a number of business documents and materials deposited both in federal state archives and published in various collections and separately. It was necessary to study a number of historiographical sources created by researchers in the Soviet, post-Soviet, modern periods of domestic historical science development, as well as abroad. At the same time, the author of this article tried to ensure a careful and correct attitude to the historiographic developments of the predecessors. However, such a research algorithm does not exclude a critical aspect (do not confuse with ill-natured criticism!). Naturally, the article doesn’t have any claim to represent a complete coverage of the problem. It has some elements of sketchiness and appeals to the author’s early works, which comprehensively research the historical personality of Anton Ivanovich Denikin, including the problem of the «Jewish issue”.

AbstractL'étude de l'histoire du droit canonique en Belgique (1918-1993) est portée, essentiellement, par les facultés de droit canonique de l'université de Louvain. Jusqu'en 1968 l'Université Catholique de Louvain (U. C.L. et K.U. Leuven) était dotée d'une faculté unitaire de droit canonique (Faculté de Droit canonique / Faculteit Kerkelijk Recht). En 1968, à l'occasion du "splitsing", deux facultés autonomes et indépendantes furent creées: une Faculté de Droit canonique à l' U. C.L. (Louvain-la-Neuve), qui s'intégrait très rapidement dans la Faculté de Théologie et qui perdait ainsi très vite sa spécificité - on vient d'ailleurs de la suspendre -; une Faculteit Kerkelijk Recht à la K. U. Leuven (Leuven) dotée d'un statut spécial et particulier ("bijzondere faculteit"), qui connaît une expansion toute relative (e.a. grâce à son orientation anglo-américaine). Evidemment, la position actuelle du droit canonique positif se caractérise par un rétrécissement grandissant, dû à la position de l'Eglise en tant qu'institution (la séparation de l'Eglise et de l'Etat) et, à l'intérieur de l'Eglise, à une perte certaine de sa fonctionnalité en faveur d'une approche théologique. Ces conditions particulières ne favorisent pas l'étude de l'histoire du droit canonique. Deux chercheurs éminents d'une renommée internationale, issus de ces facultés, ont déterminé l'étude du droit canonique: Monseigneur A. Van Hove (1872-1947) et le Chanoine Gérard Fransen (°1915). Van Hove doit sa renommée à ses études sur les rapports juridiques concernant la principauté de Liège, sur l'histoire de l'université de Louvain en général et, en particulier, sur la faculté de droit canonique et sur la doctrine médiévale, mais, avant tout, à ses Prolegomena. Parmi ces élèves on compte, e.a., H. Wagnon et W. Onclin. G. Fransen s'est concentré et se concentre davantage sur l'étude des manuscrits canoniques (analyses, stemmata codicum) et les sources canoniques (éditions critiques et approche typologique). On lui doit, e.a., une édition modèle de la Summa 'Elegantius in iure divino'seu Coloniensis, des contributions approfondies sur les collections canoniques, les décrétales et les collections de décrétales, les questiones et la doctrine canonique médiévale. Il compte parmi ses élèves, e.a., C. Van de Wiel, E. Van Balberghe et D. van den Auweele. Monseigneur H. Wagnon (1906-1983) et Monseigneur W. Onclin (1905-1989) ont largement contribué à l'étude de l'histoire de droit canonique. Wagnon était un spécialiste reconnu de relations entre l'Eglise et l'Etat au XIXe siècle. Le nom de Onclin, promoteur de Fransen, est associé à Vaticanum II et au nouveau Code de droit canonique (1983). L'étude de l'histoire du droit canonique ne se limite pas à ces facultés ni, d'ailleurs, à l'université de Louvain. Signalons, à titre d'exemple, les études de J. Warichez (Etienne de Tournai), M. Nuttinck (Zeger-Bernard Van Espen), de J. Roegiers, D. van den Auweele, W. Prevenier, P.C. Boeren, e.a. A l'université de Gand deux élèves de R.C. van Caenegem, à savoir D. Lambrecht et M. Vleeschouwers-Van Melkebeek, ont examiné la pratique judiciaire (la synode paroissiale, les officialités). L'avenir de l'histoire du droit canonique se situe dans la grande tradition instaurée par H. Kantorowicz, S. Kuttner, E. Kantorowicz, P. Legendre, G. Fransen, P. Landau (la genèse et la généalogie du droit canonique à partir du XIe-XIIe siècles, tout en conservant son approche érudite et scientifique classique (S. Kuttner, G. Fransen) et en s'alignant sur la voie tracée par P. Landau (la perspective de l'élaboration d'un droit européen).

The genus Limonius Eschscholtz, 1829 was last treated as a whole by Candèze (1860). Since then, members have been placed in eight other genera: Cidnopus Thomson, 1859; Gambrinus LeConte, 1853; Elathous Reitter, 1890; Kibunea Kishii, 1966; Limoniscus Reitter, 1905; Nothodes LeConte, 1861; Pheletes Kiesenwetter, 1858; and Solskyana Dolin, 1978. Based on the examination of adult and larval characters, five genera are recognized: Elathous Reitter, 1890; Gambrinus LeConte, 1853; Limonius Eschscholtz, 1829; Pheletes Kiesenwetter, 1858; and Tetralimonius new genus. Limoniscus Reitter, 1905 and Sichuanelater Platia and Gudenzi, 2006 are new synonymies of Gambrinus LeConte, 1853; Micrathous Lane, 1971, Neoathousius Schimmel and Platia, 1991 and Solskyana Dolin, 1978 are all new synonymies of Limonius. A total of 84 new combinations are proposed: Nearctic: Elathous huguenini (Van Dyke, 1932) new combination; Gambrinus angulatus (Motschulsky, 1859) new combination; Gambrinus bicolor (Van Dyke, 1932) new combination; Gambrinus clypeatus (Motschulsky, 1859) new combination; Gambrinus confusus (LeConte, 1853) new combination; Gambrinus cribriceps (Van Dyke, 1943) new combination; Gambrinus crotchii (Horn, 1872) new combination; Gambrinus flavomarginatus (Knull, 1938) new combination; Gambrinus fulvipilis (Candèze, 1860) new combination; Gambrinus griseus (Beauvois, 1805) new combination; Gambrinus humidus (Lane, 1941) new combination; Gambrinus interstitialis (Melsheimer, 1846) new combination; Gambrinus lanchesteri (Lane, 1941) new combination; Gambrinus meridianus (Knull, 1947) new combination; Gambrinus mirus (LeConte, 1853) new combination; Gambrinus norahae (Al Dhafer, 2009) new combination; Gambrinus olentangyi (Knull, 1947) new combination; Gambrinus plebejus (Say, 1825) new combination; Gambrinus propexus (Candèze, 1860) new combination; Gambrinus rudis (Brown, 1933) new combination; Gambrinus rufihumeralis (Lane, 1941) new combination; Gambrinus seminudus (Van Dyke, 1932) new combination; Gambrinus shircki (Lane, 1965) new combination; Gambrinus sinuifrons (Fall, 1907) new combination; Gambrinus snakensis (Lane, 1965) new combination; Gambrinus stigma (Herbst, 1806) new combination; Gambrinus pictus (Van Dyke, 1932) new combination; Gambrinus ulkei (Horn, 1871) new combination; Gambrinus ursinus (Van Dyke, 1932) new combination; Gambrinus venablesi (Wickham, 1913) new combination; Limonius brevis (Van Dyke, 1932) new combination; Limonius sordidus (Van Dyke, 1932) new combination; Pheletes lecontei (Lane, 1971) new combination; Tetralimonius definitus (Ziegler, 1845) new combination; Tetralimonius humeralis (Candèze, 1860) new combination; Tetralimonius maculicollis (Motschulsky, 1860) new combination; Tetralimonius nimbatus (Say, 1825) new combination; Tetralimonius ornatulus (LeConte, 1857) new combination. Palearctic: Gambrinus elegans (Buysson, 1891) new combination; Gambrinus gibbosus (Platia and Gudenzi, 2006) new combination. Gambrinus henanensis (Schimmel, 2006) new combination; Gambrinus hinakurai (Kishii, 1998) new combination; Gambrinus katoi (Kishii, 2002) new combination; Gambrinus kawaharai (Kishii, 2002) new combination; Gambrinus kucerai (Schimmel, 2006) new combination; Gambrinus nanshanensis (Arimoto and Hiramatsu, 2013) new combination; Gambrinus naomii (Kishii, 1997) new combination; Gambrinus shaanxiensis (Schimmel, 2006) new combination; Gambrinus suturalis (Gebler, 1844) new combination; Gambrinus takabai (Kishii, 1997) new combination; Gambrinus violaceus (Müller, 1821) new combination; Gambrinus wittmeri (Chassain, 1998) new combination; Gambrinus yamato (Kishii, 1998) new combination; Gambrinus yujii (Arimoto, 2013) new combination; Gambrinus zhejiangensis (Schimmel, 2015) new combination; Limonius brancuccii (Schimmel and Platia, 1991) new combination; Limonius decorus (Gurjeva, 1975) new combination; Limonius exiguus (Schimmel and Platia, 1991) new combination; Limonius hartmanni (Schimmel, 1998) new combination; Limonius hiermeieri (Schimmel and Platia, 1991) new combination; Limonius hirtus (Dolin, 1978) new combination; Limonius hubeiensis (Kishii and Jiang, 1996) new combination; Limonius kubani (Schimmel, 1996) new combination; Limonius loebli (Schimmel and Platia, 1991) new combination; Limonius longicornis (Schimmel and Platia, 1991) new combination; Limonius macedonicus (Cate and Platia, 1989) new combination; Limonius marginellus brusteli (Leseigneur, 2004) new combination; Limonius manaliensis (Schimmel and Platia, 1991) new combination; Limonius miandamensis (Schimmel and Platia, 1991) new combination; Limonius minusculus (Schimmel and Platia, 1991) new combination; Limonius nigronitidus (Han and Lee, 2012) new combination; Limonius platiai (Mertlik, 1996) new combination; Limonius pseudopilosus (Platia and Gudenzi 1985) new combination; Limonius recticornis (Schimmel and Platia, 1991) new combination; Limonius riesei (Platia, 1988) new combination; Limonius rusticus (Schimmel and Platia, 1991) new combination; Limonius schurmanni (Platia and Gudenzi, 1998) new combination; Limonius sinensis (Schimmel and Platia, 1994) new combination; Limonius singularis (Schimmeland Platia, 1991) new combination; Limonius stapfi (Schimmel, 2007) new combination; Limonius turcicus (Platia, 2004) new combination; Limonius wittmeri (Schimmel and Platia, 1991) new combination; Tetralimonius quercus (Olivier, 1790) new combination; Tetralimonius reitteri (Gurjeva, 1976) new combination. The following 12 North American species are removed from synonymy and recognized as valid species: Gambrinus interstitialis (Melsheimer, 1846) status resurrected; Gambrinus propexus (Candèze, 1860) status resurrected; Gambrinus shircki (Lane, 1965) status resurrected; Gambrinus snakensis (Lane, 1965) status resurrected; Gambrinus ulkei (Horn, 1871) status resurrected; Limonius anceps LeConte, 1853 status resurrected; Limonius dubitans LeConte, 1853 status resurrected; Limonius infuscatus Motschulsky, 1859 status resurrected; Limonius pilosulus Candèze, 1891 status resurrected; Limonis semianeus LeConte, 1853 status resurrected. Tetralimonius humeralis (Candèze, 1860) status resurrected; Tetralimonius maculicollis (Motschulsky, 1860) status resurrected. New replacement names are proposed for three homynyms: Limonius schimmeli Etzler new name for Neoathousius ferrugineus Schimmel and Platia, 1991; Elathous malatyanus Etzler new name for Elathous bicolor Platia, 2010, not Elathous bicolor (LeConte, 1853); and Microdesmes carteri Etzler new name for Limonius angulatus Carter, 1939 (= Microdesmes angulatus). Limonius kondratieffi Al Dhafer, 2009 is a new synonymy of Elathous bicolor (LeConte, 1853). A key to genera, generic descriptions, notes on species, and definitions of important characters are provided.

Нечаева Могила – единственный сохранившийся до наших дней скифский царский курган-гигант в Северном Причерноморье. С 1853 г. он известен российским археологам. Его высота на сегодняшний день составляет 14–15 м. За последние два века курган претерпел существенные изменения. В середине 19 ст. были отмечены просадки насыпи, затем на вершине был вырыт глубокий колодец, позднее засыпанный, и на его месте выстроена беседка. Особо трагическую роль курган сыграл в годы Великой Отечественной войны, когда он был одним из узловых опорных пунктов войск вермахта в Никопольско-Криворожской наступательной операции Красной армии в декабре 1943 г. – январе 1944 г., в ходе которой была разгромлена криворожско–никопольская группировка, пытавшаяся удержать любой ценой Никопольский марганцевый и Криворожский железорудный бассейны. В боях за Нечаеву Могилу полегло более полутора тысяч советских воинов. Сам курган, в особенности его вершина, был изрыт блиндажами и ходами сообщений, а также сотнями воронок от снарядов. После войны вершина кургана была полностью перепланирована и на ней был установлен триангуляционный пункт высшей категории. Все факты указывают на то, что ранее курган входил в число крупнейших скифских царских курганов Северного Причерноморья и имел высоту не менее 20 м. Библиографические ссылки Артамонов М.И. Из истории методики археологических раскопок // ПИДО. 1935. № 1–2. С. 142–164. Бидзиля В.И., Полин С.В. Скифский царский курган Гайманова Могила. Киев: Скиф, 2012. 814 с. Бобринский А.А. Вновь открытая могила скифского царя // ИТУАК. 1913. № 50. Браун Ф.А. Разыскания в области гото-славянских отношений. СПб.: Тип. Имп. Акад. наук, 1899. ХХ, 392 с. Брун Ф.И. Черноморье. Сборник исследований по исторической географии Южной России. Одесса: Тип. Г. Ульриха, 1880. Ч. 2. 422 с. Бурачков П. 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An account is given of the names of families, genera, and species of hydroids established by C.M. Fraser of Canada, excluding those from Allan Hancock Pacific Expeditions and the Allan Hancock Caribbean Sea Expedition. The names of four families, 11 genera, and 101 species are attributed to him in this work, complementing those of another two genera and 164 species described by Fraser in various Allan Hancock publications. Information is provided on type localities of his new species, on locations and kinds of type material in existence, where known, and on the current taxonomic status of families, genera, and species described by him in works reviewed herein. Two replacement names (Thuiaria geniculata Fraser, 1918a and Salacia fraseri Calder, 1991) exist for Thuiaria distans Fraser, 1914a (not Thuiaria distans Allman, 1877). The widely overlooked senior synonym, T. geniculata, is recognized as the valid name of the species. Diphasia alta nom. nov. is proposed as a new replacement name for the permanently invalid junior primary homonym Diphasia robusta Fraser, 1943a (not D. attenuata robusta Billard, 1924). In addition, Cryptolaria crassa nom. nov. is proposed as a new replacement name for the junior secondary homonym Cryptolaria rigida (Fraser, 1948) [not C. rigida (Fraser, 1940a)]. Lectotypes have been designated for 47 of the species to establish objective standards for application of their names. Corymorpha adventitia Fraser, 1941b, from the Pacific coast of Panama, is assigned to Ralpharia Watson, 1980, as R. adventitia. No type specimens are known to exist for seven of the species considered, including one holotype (of Hebella eximia Fraser, 1944a) missing from its bottle. Particular attention has been paid to dating and chronology of the 51 publications of Fraser covered in this work. Earlier bibliographic errors are corrected, most notably establishing that the book Distribution and relationship in American hydroids was published in early 1947 rather than 1946 as per the title page.

It is famously narrated that Pakistan came into being as a state for the Muslim minority of India. Nevertheless, Pakistan was also the homeland of many other religious natives such as Christian, Sikhs, Hindus, Parsis, Buddhists. Even many Jews lived in Pakistan who were the natives of this land for centuries before the partition of 1947. All of these religions are completely different from each other and also have their rituals, traditions, language, caste system, creed, ethnicity, marriage, and divorce laws. All of Pakistan’s constitutions give minorities equal rights, but when in the 1960s, Pakistan developed its first family laws for Muslims and launched “Nikah Nama”, and made other rules and regulations for the majority of its population but forgot about its minorities. Pakistan’s minorities suffer under Anglo Hindu Laws and The Christian Marriage Act of 1872 until recently. Pakistan introduced The Sindh Hindus Marriage Act 2016, the Hindu Marriage Act of 2017 Passed by the National Assembly of Pakistan, The Punjab Anand Karaj Marriage Act of 2018 for Sikh nationals, and the Christian Marriage and Divorce Act 2019 (still waiting for legislation). This article provides a brief introduction of above mention laws in the context of developments under the rights of religious minorities of the state. For this purpose, qualitative research is being conducted.

No repertório exclusivo para violão, à exceção de algumas obras de Villa-Lobos, ainda são raras e/ou desconhecidas as peças para o instrumento que remetem ao período de consolidação do choro como gênero musical, um processo que se alastrou de meados do século XIX até os decênios iniciais dos novecentos. Na tentativa de colaborar com o preenchimento da lacuna, o presente artigo objetiva apresentar ineditamente dois choros para violão compostos por volta de 1912: Colibri, de Melchior Cortez (1882-1947); e Caranguejo, de Francesco Rosa Gadanho (1872 -?). Em diálogo com trabalhos de referência sobre o tema e através do levantamento de fontes, edições e manuscritos até então desconhecidos, o texto tem como objetivos secundários traçar uma genealogia preliminar das obras e de seus compositores, destrinchar a relação composicional das peças (que podem ser tocadas em versões para solo ou duo), discutir sucintamente algumas das possíveis razões que justificam porque poucas peças do gênero sobreviveram, avaliar possíveis intersecções entre violão e circo no ínterim em questão, bem como analisar de que forma os imbricamentos musicais e a permeabilidade terminológica que rondaram o período de constituição do choro também estão presentes nos subtítulos e no conteúdo musical das peças suscitadas. Finalmente, apresentamos os critérios que nortearam uma iminente edição moderna das partituras, a ser publicada em parceria com a editora Legato. Como resultado, acreditamos que a discussão de tais perspectivas não somente colabora para alargar o entendimento de nossas práticas de outrora, mas também possibilita que novas peças do repertório pioneiro do violão brasileiro sejam paulatinamente incorporadas na literatura do instrumento.