Journal articles on the topic '1875-1933'

Celem opracowania jest zwrócenie uwagi na prace, które ukazały się drukiem w latach 30. XX w. na łamach „Archiwum Historii i Filozofii Medycyny” i dotyczyły dziejów medycyny antycznej. Inicjatorem takiej tematyki badawczej był założyciel i długoletni redaktor tego periodyku Adam Wrzosek (1875–1965), wówczas profesor historii i filozofii medycyny Uniwersytetu w Poznaniu. W kierowanym przez niego zakładzie powstało pierwsze opracowanie: Poglądy Hippokratesa na etykę lekarską (1933). Staraniom prof. Wrzoska, który zaproponował współpracę pracującemu na tej samej uczelni prof. Witoldowi Klingerowi (1875–1962), filologowi klasycznemu, zawdzięczamy publikację na łamach „Archiwum” dwóch znakomitych przekładów oryginalnych tekstów Hippokratesa oraz Galena. Należy podkreślić, że tematyka wspomnianego powyżej artykułu i tekstów źródłowych pozostawała w ścisłym związku z potrzebą kształtowania etosu lekarza doskonałego jako osoby czystej moralnie, która korzysta z posiadanej wiedzy, mając na uwadze w największym stopniu szeroko pojęte dobro każdego pacjenta.

The final phase of Venizelism (1928–1933) has traditionally been considered as a period of considerable foreign policy accomplishments (e.g. friendship treaties with Italy, Yugoslavia and Turkey). Yet despite the attention which has been paid to these agreements, the period was clearly marked by the government's drive towards internal infrastructural changes via its commitment to extensive public works programmes. This effort necessitated a huge influx of capital from abroad; in fact, in the period between 1924 and 1931 more money entered the country than at any time since 1875–90. In this context, Britain's influential role was further enhanced as a result of the indispensability of the London credit market, and her financial presence in Greece was to set the tone and pace of Anglo-Greek relations. Probably no institution reflected this uneven relation more accurately than the International Financial Commission (I.F.C).

Résumé Les arabisants “classicisants” continuent de se référer à A Grammar of the Arabic Language de William Wright (1830–1889), qu’ils citent généralement sans plus de précision. Ce faisant, ils dissimulent la longue histoire de cet ouvrage. Au premier chef, il est la traduction, parue en 2 volumes (1859 et 1862), de la 2e édition, en langue allemande, de la Grammatik der arabischen Sprache (1859) de Carl Paul Caspari (1814–1892). Mais cet ouvrage a lui-même une longue histoire. Une première édition en était parue, en latin, en 1848, sous le titre de Grammatica arabica. La première partie (Doctrina de elementis et formis) avait même été imprimée, une première fois, en 1844. Dans la préface à l’édition latine de 1848, Caspari cite ses deux principales sources: la Grammaire arabe (11810, 21831) d’Antoine-Isaac Silvestre de Sacy (1758–1838) et la Grammatica critica linguae arabicae, en deux volumes (1831 et 1833), de Heinrich Ewald (1803–1875). La version allemande de la Grammaire arabe de Caspari fut rééditée en 1866. Une nouvelle édition en parut en 1876, révisée par August Müller (1848–1892). Cette 4e édition fut traduite en français (deux tirages en 1880 et 1881) par une personnalité étonnante, le Colombien Ezequiel Uricoechea (1834–1880). Elle fut également rééditée (5e et dernière édition) en 1887. Quant à la Grammaire arabe de Wright, une seconde édition, “révisée et grandement augmentée”, en parut, en 2 volumes, en 1874 et 1875, et une troisième édition, révisée par William Robertson Smith (1846–1894) et Michael Jan de Goeje (1836–1909), également en 2 volumes, en 1896 et 1898. Cette troisième édition, avec quelques modifications dues à Anthony Ashley Bevan (1859–1933), fut réimprimée en 1933: c’est à elle, constamment réimprimée, que se réfèrent généralement les arabisants. La Grammaire arabe de Wright apparaît ainsi comme le travail collectif de l’orientalisme européen du XIXe et de la première moitié du XXe siècle, en venant rappeler au passage qu’il est impossible d’en faire l’histoire sans la connaissance de deux de ses grandes langues académiques: le latin et l’allemand.

The genus Melanophryniscus Gallardo, 1961 currently comprises 25 recognized species (Frost 2012) arranged in three (Cruz & Caramaschi 2003) to four species groups (Cespedez & Motte 2001, quoted by Maneyro et al. 2008) on the basis of morphological characters. The Melanophryniscus stelzneri species group currently contains nine species, i.e. M. atroluteus (Miranda-Ribeiro, 1920), M. cupreuscapularis Céspedez & Alvarez, 2000, M. dorsalis (Mertens, 1933), M. fulvoguttatus (Mertens, 1937), M. klappenbachi Prigioni & Langone, 2000, M. krauczuki Baldo & Basso, 2004, M. montevidensis (Philippi, 1902), M. rubriventris (Vellard, 1947), and M. stelzneri (Weyenbergh, 1875). So far, advertisement calls of only four of these species have been described, i.e. those of M. atroluteus, M. dorsalis, M. krauczuki, and M. montevidensis (Kwet et al. 2005, Baldo & Basso 2004). Herein, we describe the courtship call and distress call of M. klappenbachi and compare it with the calls of other members of the group (for definitions of the respective call types see below).

During the 1920s, the world-wide eugenics movement reached a peak level of popularity. Historians have stressed the key role of the textbook “Human Heredity and Racial Hygiene” in the popularisation of eugenic thinking in Germany. In this textbook the well known scientists Erwin Baur (1875-1933), Eugen Fischer (1874-1967) and Fritz Lenz (1887-1976) tried to combine genetics, anthropology and racial hygiene to form a “Magna Carta” of eugenics. This paper aims at quantitatively reconstructing the book’s development into a standard work. 325 contemporary reviews of the book were analysed. More than 80% of the reviewers evaluated the book positively recommending it to a variety of readers. Most of the reviewers were Medical Doctors concentrating on the eugenic aspects of the book. The reception study makes the reciprocity of eugenics as an accepted science and academics forming it into science prevalent. Explanations for the uniform reaction of the scientific community are discussed. *Key words*: reception study, interwar years, eugenics

Evgeny V. Spektorsky (1875–1951) based his monograph, a survey of the history of social science ideas, on his teaching experience at the universities of Warsaw, Kiev, Prague, Belgrade and Ljubljana. The manuscript, finished by mid-1931, was accepted for publication by the Slovenska Matica publishing house on the recommendation of Anton Lajovic, lawyer and composer. Entitled The History of Social Philosophy, it was translated into Slovenian by Josip Vidmar and published in two volumes in 1932 and 1933. The print run was high: 5,000 copies of Volume I and 4,500 copies of Volume II. Spektorsky argued for a genetic analysis of the history of social science thought, which he saw as a treasury of ideas influencing human life. He emphasised the impact of ideas because these had, in his view, left a deeper impact on the history of mankind than scientific studies or proofs of eternal truths. Although critical of Marxism, whose pretensions to a scientific world view he saw as a mere propaganda move, Spektorsky never accepted dogmatic views.

Eight taxa of Sorbus Linnaeus, 1753 sensu stricto (Rosaceae) from China have been studied karyologically through chromosome counting, chromosomal measurement and karyotype symmetry. Genome size was also estimated by flow cytometry. Six taxa, S. amabilis Cheng ex T.T.Yu et K.C.Kuan, 1963, S. hupehensis var. paucijuga (D.K. Zang et P.C. Huang, 1992) L.T. Lu, 2000, S. koehneana C.K. Schneider, 1906, S. pohuashanensis (Hance, 1875) Hedlund, 1901, S. scalaris Koehne, 1913 and S. wilsoniana C.K. Schneider, 1906 are diploids with 2n = 34, whereas two taxa, S. filipes Handel-Mazzetti,1933 and S. ovalis McAllister, 2005 are tetraploid with 2n = 68. In general, the chromosome size is mainly small, and karyotypes are symmetrical with predominance of metacentric chromosomes. Genome size variation of diploids and tetraploids is 1.401 pg –1.676 pg and 2.674 pg –2.684 pg, respectively. Chromosome numbers of S. amabilis and S. hupehensis var. paucijuga, and karyotype and genome size of eight taxa studied are reported for the first time. This study emphasised the reliability of flow cytometry in genome size determination to infer ploidy levels in Chinese native Sorbus species.

Eight taxa of Sorbus Linnaeus, 1753 sensu stricto (Rosaceae) from China have been studied karyologically through chromosome counting, chromosomal measurement and karyotype symmetry. Genome size was also estimated by flow cytometry. Six taxa, S. amabilis Cheng ex T.T.Yu et K.C.Kuan, 1963, S. hupehensis var. paucijuga (D.K. Zang et P.C. Huang, 1992) L.T. Lu, 2000, S. koehneana C.K. Schneider, 1906, S. pohuashanensis (Hance, 1875) Hedlund, 1901, S. scalaris Koehne, 1913 and S. wilsoniana C.K. Schneider, 1906 are diploids with 2n = 34, whereas two taxa, S. filipes Handel-Mazzetti,1933 and S. ovalis McAllister, 2005 are tetraploid with 2n = 68. In general, the chromosome size is mainly small, and karyotypes are symmetrical with predominance of metacentric chromosomes. Genome size variation of diploids and tetraploids is 1.401 pg –1.676 pg and 2.674 pg –2.684 pg, respectively. Chromosome numbers of S. amabilis and S. hupehensis var. paucijuga, and karyotype and genome size of eight taxa studied are reported for the first time. This study emphasised the reliability of flow cytometry in genome size determination to infer ploidy levels in Chinese native Sorbus species.

2009 brings not only the 50th anniversary of the Antarctic Treaty but also the end of the International Geophysical Year (IGY) and of its extension into the period of International Geophysical Cooperation (IGC 1959). It is also the 133rd anniversary of K. Weyprecht's suggestion that initiated the impetus. As he noted, ‘if Polar Expeditions are looked upon merely as a sort of international steeple-chase . . . and their main object is to exceed by a few miles the latitude reached by a predecessor these mysteries (of Meteorology and Geomagnetism) will remain unsolved’ (Weyprecht 1875). Although he stressed the importance of observations in both the Arctic and Antarctic during the first International Polar Year (IPY) in 1882–1883 only two stations in the sub-Antarctic region, at Cap Horn and South Georgia, made such scientific recordings. In spite of the fact that several expeditions to the Antarctic had been made in the period between the first and the second IPY 1932–1933, no stations were created in Antarctica during that IPY. The major increase in scientific studies in Antarctica came with the third IPY, which became the IGY of 1957–1958.

Thirteen species of Phyllium (Phyllium) Illiger, 1798 are studied and (re)described in detail with emphasis on those species which exhibit more or less well developed alae in the females and those occurring in the Philippine Islands and on Palawan. Amongst these five new species are described and illustrated from both sexes and the eggs: Ph. (Ph.) ericoriai Hennemann, Conle, Gottardo & Bresseel n. sp. from the Philippine Islands of Luzon, Marinduque and Batan, Phyllium philippinicum Hennemann, Conle, Gottardo & Bresseel n. sp. from the Philippine Island of Luzon, Phyllium mindorense Hennemann, Conle, Gottardo & Bresseel n. sp. from the Philippine Island of Mindoro, Phyllium mabantai Bresseel, Hennemann, Conle & Gottardo n. sp. from the Philippine Island of Mindanao and Ph. (Ph.) gantungense Hennemann, Conle, Gottardo & Bresseel n. sp. from Palawan. Ph. (Ph.) celebicum de Haan, 1842 is re-described with the male and egg described and illustrated for the first time. It is shown to be restricted to Sulawesi and Ambon with all records from continental Asia based on misidentifications mostly relating to Ph. (Ph.) westwoodii Wood-Mason, 1875. All Philippine records of Ph. (Ph.) celebicum de Haan relate to Ph. (Ph.) ericoriai Hennemann, Conle, Gottardo & Bresseel n. sp.. Both sexes and the eggs of Ph. (Ph.) westwoodii Wood-Mason, 1875 are re-described and illustrated and a survey is provided of its intraspecific variability. This species was misinterpreted by most former authors and is here shown to be widely distributed in southern continental Asia having so far been recorded from the Andamans, Myanmar, Thailand, Laos, Kamputchea, S-China, N-Vietnam, Sumatra and the Riouw Archipelago. The holotype of Phyllium (Ph.) siccifolium (Linné, 1758) is described in detail for the first time with illustrations provided. This, the type-species of the entire family Phylliidae, is shown to have been misinterpreted by almost all previous authors and the distribution to be in fact restricted to the Moluccas (Ambon, Ceram, Halmahera, Sula Islands and Banggai). Ambon is shown to be most likely the type-locality of Ph. siccifolium. Records from Peninsular Malaysia have proven to relate to Ph. (Ph.) hausleithneri Brock, 1999 and Philippine material erroneously referred to as “Ph. siccifolium” by various authors is Ph. (Ph.) philippinicum Hennemann, Conle, Gottardo & Bresseel n. sp.. Ph. (Ph.) tobeloense Größer, 2007 from Halmahera (Moluccas) is shown to represent a junior synonym of Ph. siccifolium (n. syn.). Comparison of the Malayan Ph. (Ph.) hausleithneri Brock, 1999 with Malayan specimens previously referred to as „Ph. siccifolium” has revealed these to be the same species which shows considerable variation concerning to the shape of the abdomen in females. Ph. (Ph.) hausleithneri is characteristic for the conspicuous blue interior marking on the mesoand metacoxae. Both sexes and the eggs as well as the remarkable variation of females are illustrated. Similarly strong variation is recorded and illustrated for females of the Javanese Ph. (Ph.) jacobsoni Rehn & Rehn, 1933. A brief discussion of its variability and distribution as well as a summary of the diagnostic features and illustrations of the females and eggs are presented. The Philippine Ph. (Ph.) bilobatum Gray, 1843 is only known from the unique female holotype and all subsequent records appear to have been based on misidentified material. Subsequent records from Peninsular Malaysia relate to Ph. (Ph.) hausleithneri Brock, 1999 and records from Java have all proven to represent Ph. (Ph.) jacobsoni Rehn & Rehn, 1933. The male allotype of Ph. (Ph.) woodi Rehn & Rehn, 1933 from the Philippine island of Mindanao is specifically distinct from the female holotype from Sibuyan Island and here designated as a paratype of Ph. (Ph.) mabantai Bresseel, Hennemann, Conle & Gottardo n. sp.. The diagnostic features of Ph. (Ph.) woodi, a species so far only known from the island of Sibuyan, are briefly summarized. With emphasis on the Philippine fauna, a checklist and keys are provided for the nine species of Phyllium Illiger, 1798 presently known to occur in the Philippine Islands and Palawan. Critical notes are presented on the current intra-generic systematization of Phyllium Illiger, 1798 along with an extended and more detailed distinction between the two subgenera contained, Phyllium Illiger, 1798 and Pulchriphyllium Griffini, 1898. Based on morphological features of the insects and eggs species-groups are suggested within both subgenus. Phyllium (Phyllium) is proposed to include the siccifolium species-group and celebicum species-group, whereas Phyllium (Pulchriphyllium) subdivides into the bioculatum species-group, schultzei species-group, frondosum species-group and brevipenne species-group. The latter two groups are shown to differ considerably from other members of the subgenus and do not belong in Pulchriphyllium (sensu stricto). Keys are provided for the distinction of the speciesgroups here proposed. The celebicum species-group of Phyllium (Phyllium) is discussed in more detail and provisionally contains all those species in which females have developed alae, a fact overlooked for several species by previous authors. Eight species are here attributed to the celebicum species-group and keys are provided to distinguish these.Five species are transferred from one subgenus to the other. Phyllium drunganum Yang, 1995 and Ph. tibetense Liu, 1993 from S-China are removed from the subgenus Pulchriphyllium and transferred to Phyllium (Phyllium) (n. comb.). Ph. chitoniscoides Größer, 1992 and Ph. frondosum Redtenbacher, 1906 from New Guinea as well as Ph. keyicum Karny, 1914 from they Key-Islands are removed from Phyllium (Phyllium) and transferred to the frondosum species-group of Phyllium (Pulchriphyllium) (n. comb.). Ph. insulanicum Werner, 1922 from the Key Islands is removed from synonymy with the New Guinean Ph. frondosum Redtenbacher, 1906 and synoynmised with Ph. keyicum Karny, 1914; differences between Ph. frondosum and Ph. keyicum are presented. The Philippine Phyllium (Phyllium) pusillulum Rehn & Rehn, 1933 is removed from the genus Phyllium Illiger, 1798 and transferred to Microphyllium Zompro, 2001, hence the valid name now is Microphyllium pusillulum (Rehn & Rehn, 1993 n. comb.). Some taxonomically important features traditionally used for distinguishing the genera and species in the family Phylliidae are critically discussed. The present distinction of Chitoniscus Stål, 1875 and Phyllium Illiger, 1798 is shown to be problematic since research on the length relation of the meso-praescutum (anterior portion of the mesonotum in front of the tegmina) has revealed several species in Phyllium Illiger, 1798 that violate the generic description by having this clearly transverse and actually keying out to Chitoniscus Stål, 1875. The prosternal projection characteristic for Chitoniscus Stål, 1875 is shown to be also present in several members of Phyllium Illiger, 1798. Although the entire family Phylliidae was traditionally diagnosed by females having the antennae with nine segment, six species of Phyllium (Phyllium) Illiger, 1798 are here shown to have in fact ten antennomeres. Another interesting fact are the distinctly pectinate ungues (= claws) seen in Ph. (Ph.) gantungense n. sp. which have so far only been known to occur in the Old World areolate family Aschiphasmatidae.

The present paper describes 16 new species and one new genus from French Guiana and numerous taxonomic changes are proposed prior to the publication of a comprehensive guide to the Phasmatodea of French Guiana. The following 16 new species are described and illustrated: Phanocles procerus n. sp., Phanocloidea lobulatipes n. sp., Cladomorphus guianensis n. sp., Hirtuleius gracilis n. sp., Parastratocles rosanti n. sp., Parastratocles fuscomarginatus n. sp., Paraprisopus apterus n. sp., Paraprisopus multicolorus n. sp., Agrostia longicerca n. sp., Isagoras similis n. sp., Paragrostia brulei n. sp., Prexaspes globosicaput n. sp., Prexaspes guianensis n. sp., Dinelytron cahureli n. sp., Prisopus clarus n. sp. and Prisopus conocephalus n. sp.. The new genus Paragrostia n. gen. is established for the newly described Paragrostia brulei n. sp. and Paragrostia flavimaculata (Heleodoro, Mendes & Rafael, 2017) n. comb. the latter of which is here transferred from Agrostia Redtenbacher, 1906. Fifty-six new combinations are proposed with species transferred to other genera: Bacteria pallidenotata Redtenbacher, 1908, is transferred to Phanocloidea Zompro, 2001 (n. comb.); Bacteria maroniensis Chopard, 1911 is transferred to Phanocles Stål, 1875 (n. comb.); Cladomorphus gibbosus (Chopard, 1911) is transferred to Hirtuleius Stål, 1875 (n. comb.); Stratocles soror Redtenbacher, 1906, Parastratocles lugubris (Redtenbacher, 1906) and Parastratocles cryptochloris (Rehn, 1904) are transferred to Brizoides Redtenbacher, 1906 (n. comb.); Stratocles xanthomela (Olivier, 1792), Stratocles forcipatus Bolívar, 1896 and Stratocles tessulatus (Olivier, 1792) are transferred to Parastratocles (n. comb.); Olcyphides cinereus (Olivier, 1792), Perliodes affinis Redtenbacher, 1906, Perliodes nigrogranulosus Redtenbacher, 1906, Perliodes sexmaculatus Redtenbacher, 1906, Isagoras rugicollis (Gray, 1835), Isagoras sauropterus Rehn, 1947, Brizoides viridipes (Rehn, 1905) and Brizoides graminea Redtenbacher, 1906 are transferred to Agrostia Redtenbacher, 1906 (n. comb.); Agrostia flavimaculata Heleodoro, Mendes & Rafael, 2017 is transferred to Paragrostia n. gen. (n. comb.); Isagoras affinis Chopard, 1911, Isagoras chocoensis Hebard, 1921, Isagoras metricus Rehn, 1947 and Isagoras schraderi Rehn, 1947 are transferred to Tenerella Redtenbacher, 1906 (n. comb.); Xerosoma glyptomerion Rehn, 1904 is transferred to Isagoras Stål, 1875 (n. comb.); Isagoras venosus (Burmeister, 1838), Paraphasma paulense Rehn, 1918 and Paraphasma quadratum (Bates, 1865) are transferred to Prexaspes Stål, 1875 (n. comb.); Prexaspes (Prexaspes) cneius (Westwood, 1859) is transferred to Tenerella Redtenbacher, 1906 (n. comb.); Prexaspes lateralis (Fabricius, 1775) is transferred to Paraphasma Redtenbacher, 1906 (n. comb.); Isagoras santara (Westwood, 1859) and Prexaspes olivaceus Chopard, 1911 are transferred to Periphloea Redtenbacher, 1906 (n. comb.); Dinelytron agrion Westwood, 1859 is transferred to Paraprisopus Redtenbacher, 1906 (n. comb.); Anarchodes atrophicus (Pallas, 1772) is transferred to Ignacia Rehn, 1904 (n. comb.); Planudes asperus Bellanger & Conle, 2013, Planudes brunni Redtenbacher, 1906, Planudes cortex Hebard, 1919, Planudes crenulipes Rehn, 1904, Planudes funestus Redtenbacher, 1906, Planudes melzeri Piza, 1937, Planudes molorchus (Westwood, 1859), Planudes paxillus (Westwood, 1859), Planudes perillus Stål, 1875, Planudes pygmaeus (Redtenbacher, 1906) and Planudes taeniatus Piza, 1944 are transferred to Isagoras Stål, 1875 (n. comb.); Prisopoides atrobrunneus Heleodoro & Rafael, 2020, Prisopoides brunnescens Heleodoro & Rafael, 2020, Prisopoides caatingaensis Heleodoro & Rafael, 2020 and Prisopoides villosipes (Redtenbacher, 1906) are transferred to Prisopus Peletier de Saint Fargeau & Serville, 1828 (n. comb.); Melophasma antillarum (Caudell, 1914), Melophasma brachypterum Conle, Hennemann & Gutiérrez, 2011, Melophasma colombianum Conle, Hennemann & Gutiérrez, 2011 and Melophasma vermiculare Redtenbacher, 1906 are transferred to Paraprisopus Redtenbacher, 1906 (n. comb.); Prexaspes (Elasia) ambiguus (Stoll, 1813), Prexaspes (Elasia) brevipennis (Burmeister, 1838), Prexaspes (Elasia) pholcus (Westwood, 1859), Prexaspes (Elasia) viridipes Redtenbacher, 1906 and Prexaspes (Elasia) vittata (Piza, 1985) are transferred to Prexaspes Stål, 1875 (n. comb.). Twenty-six new synonymies are established: Perliodes Redtenbacher, 1906 and Chlorophasma Redtenbacher, 1906 are synonymised with Agrostia Redtenbacher, 1906 (n. syn.); Chlorophasma Redtenbacher, 1906 is synonymised with Agrostia Redtenbacher, 1906 (n. syn.); Elasia Redtenbacher, 1906 is synonymised with Prexaspes Stål, 1875 (n. syn.); Prisopoides Heleodoro & Rafael, 2020 is synonymised with Prisopus Peletier de Saint Fargeau & Serville, 1828 (n. syn.); Melophasma Redtenbacher, 1906 is synonymised with Paraprisopus Redtenbacher, 1906 (n. syn.); Bacteria crassipes Chopard, 1911 is synonymised with Bacteria pallidenotata Redtenbacher, 1908 (n. syn.); Perliodes grisescens Redtenbacher, 1906 and Metriophasma (Metriophasma) pallidum (Chopard, 1911) are synonymised with Agrostia cinerea (Olivier, 1792) (n. syn.); Perliodes nigrogranulosus Redtenbacher, 1906 and Metriophasma (Metriophasma) ocellatum (Piza, 1937) are synonymised with Isagoras rugicollis (Gray, 1835) (n. syn.); Isagoras chopardi Hebard, 1933 is synonymised with Tenerella cneius (Westwood, 1859) (n. syn.); Isagoras proximus Redtenbacher, 1906 is synonymised with Isagoras glyptomerion (Rehn, 1904) (n. syn.); Chlorophasma hyalina Redtenbacher, 1906 is synonymised with Agrostia graminea (Redtenbacher, 1906) (n. syn.); Isagoras nitidus Redtenbacher, 1906 is synonymised with Anisa flavomaculatus (Gray, 1835) (n. syn.); Prexaspes acuticornis (Gray, 1835) is synonymised with Prexaspes servillei (Gray, 1835) (n. syn.); Prexaspes nigromaculatus Chopard, 1911 is synonymised with Periphloea santara (Westwood, 1859) (n. syn.); Prexaspes (Elasia) janus Kirby, 1904 is synonymised with Paraphasma maculatum (Gray, 1835) (n. syn.); Prexaspes dictys (Westwood, 1859) is synonymised with Prexaspes brevipennis (Burmeister, 1838) (n. syn.); Parastratocles aeruginosus Redtenbacher, 1906: 107 is synonymised with Parastratocles forcipatus Bolívar, 1896 (n. syn.); Parastratocles carbonarius (Redtenbacher, 1906: 106) is synonymised with Parastratocles lugubris (Redtenbacher, 1906) (n. syn.); Prisopus spinicollis Burmeister, 1838, Prisopus spiniceps Burmeister, 1838 and Prisopus cornutus Gray, 1835 are synonymised with Prisopus ohrtmanni (Lichtenstein, 1802) (n. syn.); the genus Planudes Stål, 1875 is synonymised with Isagoras Stål, 1875 (n. syn.); Pseudophasma annulipes (Redtenbacher, 1906) is synonymised with Pseudophasma blanchardi (Westwood, 1859) (n. syn.); Ignacia appendiculatum (Kirby, 1904) is synonymised with Anarchodes atrophicus (Pallas, 1772) (n. syn.). Isagoras obscurum Guérin-Méneville, 1838 is shown to have been erroneously synonymised with Isagoras rugicollis (Gray, 1835) and is here re-established as a valid species (rev. stat.). Pseudophasma castaneum (Bates, 1865) is re-established as a valid species here (rev. stat.). Paraprisopus Redtenbacher, 1906 and the entire tribe Paraprisopodini are transferred to Pseudophasmatidae: Pseudophasmatinae (n. comb.). Lectotypes are designated for Perliodes grisescens Redtenbacher, 1906, Isagoras plagiatus Redtenbacher, 1906.Neotypes are designated for Agrostia cinerea (Olivier, 1792), Prexaspes ambiguus (Stoll, 1813), Prisopus horridus (Gray, 1835) and Prisopus sacratus (Olivier, 1792).

Prvi pisani spomen šibenske crkve sv. Julijana datira u treću četvrtinu 14. stoljeća, kada se ona navodi kao ecclesia sancti Iuliani. U 15. je stoljeću nad tom crkvom dograđena gornja, crkva sv. Nikole, o čemu svjedoči vizitacija koju je kanonik Juraj Šižgorić obavio 1481. godine. Dana 17. ožujka 1569., prema odluci mletačkog Senata, crkva je dana na korištenje pravoslavnim Grcima i uređena je po propisima istočne crkve, no katolički oltar sv. Mihovila i sv. Julijana, tada smješten na bočnom zidu crkve, i nadalje je održavan. Od 1778. godine crkva je postupno bila u sve lošijem stanju, čak je početkom 19. stoljeća služila kao skladište. Dana 25. srpnja 1875. nadarbenik Ivan Belamarić se u korist pravoslavne šibenske crkvene općine odrekao prava na katolički dio. Gornju su pak crkvu pravoslavni Srbi prepustili starokatolicima 1931. godine, a od 1933. godine je u donjem prostoru bila „Nova štamparija“. U prosincu 1943. cijela je građevina znatno stradala u savezničkom bombardiranju Šibenika. Konzervatorsko-restauratorska i arheološka istraživanja provedena 2019. godine ponudila su uvid u povijesni pregled zbivanja i određivanje pojedinih faza, te su ostvareni preduvjeti za buduće korištenje crkve sv. Julijana, valorizirajući njezinu pripadnost malobrojnom tipološkom krugu dvokatnih crkvi na našoj obali, kao i kontinuitet postojanja i održavanja više liturgija na tom mjestu, ispreplićući različite obrede i vjere kroz nekoliko stoljeća.

Abstract Tree-ring width standard chronologies were created from Juniperus przewalskii Kom data collected in the southern Three-River Headwaters (TRH) region. Statistical analysis results showed high correlation between the first primary component (PC1) of the four chronologies and instrumental precipitation records during the annual September–August interval. Precipitation of the region was reconstructed for the past 461 years. It was verified that the reconstruction model was stable by split-sample calibration-verification statistics. The reconstruction series revealed 22 extremely dry years and 9 extremely wet years. Results showed relatively dry periods occurred during 1567–1597, 1604–1614, 1641–1656, 1684–1700, 1734–1755, 1817–1830, 1913–1932, 1953–1971, 1990–2005. Relatively wet periods occurred during 1615–1630, 1657–1683, 1701–1733, 1756–1786, 1798–1816, 1844–1855, 1864–1875, 1885–1912, 1933–1952, 1977–1989. Comparison with tree-ring based precipitation reconstructions, and chronologies from surrounding areas provided a high degree of confidence in our reconstruction, and correlated well with the Monsoon Asia Drought Atlas (MADA) dataset in the public section of corresponding grids. The empirical mode decomposition analysis suggests the existence of significant periods with intervals of 2–5, 6–10, 11–18, and 28–60 years. This research contributes to a better understanding of historical variations in precipitation and will aid in future plans to address climate change of the TRH region.

The taxonomic knowledge of the spider fauna of Québec (Canada) is updated with new records, corrections, recent taxonomic changes, and additions to the species list. Illustrations are provided for species not previously reported for the province. The following species are reported for the first time: Araneidae: Araneus iviei (Archer 1951), Araneus juniperi (Emerton 1884), Araneus thaddeus (Hentz 1847), Araneus washingtoni Levi 1971; Clubionidae: Elaver excepta (L. Koch 1866); Dictynidae: Emblyna chitina (Chamberlin & Gertsch 1958); Gnaphosidae: Zelotes exiguoides Platnick & Shadab 1983, Haplodrassus eunis Chamberlin 1922; Linyphiidae: Centromerus cornupalpis O. Pickard-Cambridge 1875, Ceratinopsis nigripalpis Emerton 1882, Eridantes utibilis Crosby & Bishop 1933, Pocadicnemis pumila (Blackwall 1841), Sciastes extremus Holm 1967, Scotinotylus vernalis (Emerton 1882), Thyreosthenius parasiticus (Westring 1851); Nesticidae: Nesticus cellulanus (Clerck 1757); Philodromidae: Philodromus histrio (Latreille 1819), Philodromus oneida Levi 1951; Salticidae: Pellenes montanus (Emerton 1894), Synageles canadensis Cutler 1988; Tetragnathidae: Tetragnatha guatemalensis O. Pickard-Cambridge 1889; Theridiidae: Achaearanea conjuncta (Gertsch & Mulaik 1936), Enoplognatha intrepida (Sørensen 1898), Euryopis gertschi Levi 1951, Pholcomma hirsutum Thorell 1869, Theridion impressum L. Koch 1881; Thomisidae: Xysticus fraternus Banks 1895, and Zodariidae: Zodarion rubidum Simon 1914. Collecting data, overview of distribution, and a diagnosis are provided for each added species. The spider fauna of Québec is discussed in light of these new records, and the value of such faunistic/taxonomic work is stressed.

The Epicauta vittata group are commonly known as striped blister beetles and was defined by previous authors to include 32 species, 18 from North America, Central America and northern South America, and 14 from southern South America. In the present revision we revised 22 species from South America, excluding the following southern South American species: E. borgmeieri Denier, 1935; E. floydwerneri Martínez, 1955; E. franciscana Denier, 1935; E. fulginosa (Oliver, 1795); E. purpureiceps (Berg, 1889); E. rutilifrons Borchmann, 1930; and E. zebra (Dohrn, 1876) because they do not have the diagnostic characters of the group. The species of the E. vittata group from southern South America are: E. bosqi Denier, 1935; E. clericalis (Berg, 1881); E. grammica (Fischer, 1827); E. leopardina (Haag-Rutemberg, 1880); E. luteolineata Pic, 1933; E. missionum (Berg, 1881); E. monachica (Berg, 1883); E. rutilifrons Borchmann, 1930; plus two more species E. excavata (Klug, 1825); and E. semivittata (Fairmaire, 1875) until now not included in other groups. We provide a complete diagnosis of the E. vittata group from southern South America, redescribing and illustrating all included species. Detailed descriptions and illustrations of female and male genitalia are presented for the first time for these species. Finally, we provide an identification key for the ten species presently included in the E. vittata group, and update the geographic distribution of each species.

The rove beetles (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae) are one of the most diverse families of beetles comprising more than 63650 species worldwide (Irmler et al. 2018). It is the best studied coleopteran family in Georgia (Herman, 2001; Schülke & Smetana, 2015), with more than 750 species recorded (Tarkhnishvili & Chaladze, 2019). The first records of Staphylinidae from Lagodekhi were reported by Zhizhilashvili (1941), who recorded 12 species of rove beetles from the reserve: Anotylus hybridus Eppelsheim, 1878 as Oxytelus; Anotylus gibbulus Eppelsheim, 1878 as Oxytelus; Xantholinus variabilis Hochhuth, 1851; Cordalia obscura Gravenhorst; Philonthus parvicornis Gravenhorst, 1802 as P. agilis Gravenhorst; Stenus circularis Gravenhorst, 1802 as S. clavulus Hochhuth; S. cribratus Kiesenwetter, 1850; Tachyporus hypnorum (Fabricius, 1775); Ocypus nitens (Schrank, 1781) as Staphylinus similis Fabricius; Quedius minor Hochhuth, 1849 as Q. distincticolor Roubal; Aleochara intricata Mannerheim; Olophrum caucasicum Fauvel, 1875. The record of Medon bicolor (Olivier, 1795) (as Sunius) in the same paper is erroneous because the species is absent from Georgia. Coiffait (1969) described Quedius grouziacus as a new species from Lagodekhi, however the species was later synonymized with Q. suramensis Epelsheim, 1880 by Solodovnikov (2002). Ushakov (1988) recorded Gauropterus sanguinipes Reitter, 1889, Gyrohypnus angustatus Stephens,1832 and Atrecus affinis (Paykull, 1789) as Baptolinus affinis caucasius Roubal, 1933. Gusarov and Koval (2002) registered Korgella caucasica (Gusarov & Koval, 2002; Özdikmen, 2005), as Heinzia. Later Shavrin & Khachikov (2019) added Acrolocha amabilis (Heer, 1841) which was new to the staphylinid fauna of Georgia. There have been no other focused studies on the Staphylinidae of Lagodekhi Protected Areas (LPA), though we recognize that there are likely further records in the literature.

One of the addressees of the letters of Prof. Ananiasz Zajączkowski was Aleksander Mardkowicz (1875–1944), a notary from Lutsk, who was one of the most affluent Karaim activists of the inter-war period. As a young man he moved to Yekaterinoslav, where he worked in a notary’s practice. There he made his debut publishing a few poems in Russian in some literary magazines. After Poland gained its independence, in 1921 Mardkowicz returned to Lutsk, where he started to play an important role in the life of the local Karaim community as a member and, for a time, a president of the Board of the community. But the major focus of his work were literary and editorial activities. As there was a need for literature which would encourage Karaim readers to develop an interest in their own language, tradition and past, towards the end of the 1920s Mardkowicz struck upon the idea of creating a Karaim publishing house. In ten years between 1930 and 1939 he published 15 brochures (most of them written by himself): four short stories, four poems, a collection of religious songs, a calendar, a Karaim-Polish-German dictionary, a grammar of the south-western dialect (written by A. Zajączkowski) and three brochures in Polish on the history and traditions of the Karaims. “Karaj Awazy”, a magazine entirely in Karaim, whose twelve issues appeared between 1931 and 1939, can be regarded as his major work. It had an enormous impact on the cultural life of Karaim communities not only in Lutsk, but in Halicz and in Lithuania as well. The letters written by Zajączkowski to Mardkowicz between the summer of 1933 and the spring of 1939 show us some unknown aspects of the relations between the editors of two Karaim magazines appearing in the same time: “Myśl Karaimska” in Vilnius and “Karaj Awazy” in Luck.

The main retrospective-geographical (historical) stages of ponds formation in the Volyn Region are considered – initial, early (manufactory), industrial and modern (agrarian, post-industrial). In order to analyse conditions and functioning of the region’s pond farms we used topographic maps for four historical periods: Commonwealth of Poland historical atlas (scale 1 : 300,000, early ХІХ century), Russian Empire (scale 1 : 126,000, 1875), Polish (scale 1 : 100,000, 1924-1933) and Soviet maps (scale 1 : 100,000, 1977-1992). They reflect the trend of changes in the parameters and functioning of the existing ponds in the Volyn Region over the last 220 years. Landscape-hydrological systems were selected for geospatial analysis of location features of the ponds and water mills within the Volyn Region. Overall, 19 individual landscape-hydrological systems were established. An exponential increase in the number of ponds in early and industrial stages was identified, considering some decreases in particular historical periods. The number of ponds in the region varied from 76 (in the 1970s) to 625 units (1970-80s). A clear, almost linear, increase in ponds total area was observed. During the studied historical period, the area of ponds increased from 1,553.7 to 4,242.4 ha. The highest concentration of pond farms is specific to the landscape-hydrological systems of the Volyn Highland, especially to the Stir-III sub-basins (29.9 % of the total count in the region), Luga-III and Goryn-III. At the same time, a gradual decrease in the average area of a pond – from 20.44 (in the 70s of the XIX century) to 6.28 ha (70-80 years of the XX century) was shown. The considerable number of ponds in the rural areas of the Volyn Region is an important factor in the creation of new work places, recreation areas, diversification of agricultural products and feed base.

The death of Ibsen in 1906 prompted a number of appraisals of the dramatist by Marxist critics, notably Clara Zetkin, Henrietta Roland-Holst, and George Plekhanov. The most extended of these was Anatoly Lunacharsky's article, ‘Ibsen and the Petty Bourgeoisie’, published in three parts in Obrazovanie, St. Petersburg, Nos. 5–7 (June-August 1907). The central section, ‘Ibsen's Dramas’, is printed below. Born in the Ukraine in 1875, Lunacharsky became a Marxist in his teens and joined the Moscow Social Democrat group in 1899. Arrested for his political activities, he was exiled to Northern Russia, where he wrote his first theoretical treatise, An Essay in Positive Aesthetics. In 1903 he joined the Bolsheviks, but broke with Lenin after 1905, having identified himself with the so-called ‘God-seeking’ tendency. Following the fall of Tsarism in 1917 Lunacharsky rejoined the Bolsheviks, and after the October Revolution he was appointed to Lenin's first ‘Cabinet’ as Commissar for Enlightenment, a post embracing the arts and education. Exceptionally, he retained this position up until 1930, when he became one of the Soviet Union's two representatives to the League of Nations. He died in 1933, shortly before he was due to become Soviet ambassador to Spain. Lunacharsky's published output runs to some 1,500 articles, embracing philosophy, aesthetics, and theoretical and critical writings on all the arts. He also wrote a number of plays, including Faust and the City (1918) and Oliver Cromwell (1920). He was an intellectual of wide erudition and acute critical perception, balancing respect for the old and the traditional with encouragement for the new and the inconoclastic. As Commissar for Enlightenment, he did much to defend the early avant garde's freedom to experiment, making the Soviet Union a power-house of artistic innovation.

Nine junior homonyms are given new replacement names: Anthicus dravidiacus nom. nov. (= A. postnotatus Pic, 1943 not A. (Aulacoderus) sefrensis var. postnotatus Pic, 1910); Anthicus monsonicus nom. nov. (= A. caroli Bonadona, 1978 not A. caroli Pic, 1893); Aulacoderus controversus nom. nov. (= Anthicus (Aulacoderus) singularis Hille, 1985 not Anthicus singularis Pic, 1927); Aulacoderus copiosissimus nom. nov. (= Anthicus (Aulacoderus) brevicornis Hille, 1984 not Anthicus brevicornis Pic, 1894a, not A. brevicornis Pic, 1894b); Aulacoderus hamatus nom. nov. (= Anthicus (Aula- coderus) ruficeps Hille, 1984 not Anthicus ruficeps Pic, 1913); Macrotomoderus ater nom. nov. (= M. niger Uhmann, 1993 not M. niger Pic, 1943); Macrotomoderus sandokan nom. nov. (= Derarimus minor Uhmann, 1994a = D. minor Uhmann, 1994b, not M. minor Pic, 1934); Mecynotarsus abductus nom. nov. (= M. bimaculatus Pic, 1942 not M. algiricus var. bimaculatus Desbrochers des Loges, 1898); Tomoderus abditus nom. nov. (= T. flavus Uhmann, 1981 not T. flavus Heberdey, 1936). The lectotypes of the following taxa are designated: Notoxus limbatus Fabricius, 1798, Anthicus gracilior var. auliatanus Pic, 1940, Anthicus (Aulacoderus) sulcithorax var. nigrithorax Pic, 1897, Anthicus (Aulacoderus) sulcithorax var. pallidior Pic, 1941 and Endomia unifasciata var. maculata Pic, 1919. The following synonyms are established or confirmed: Anthelephila anastasei (Pic, 1935b) = Formicomus anastasei Pic, 1935c syn. nov.; Anthelephila pedestris (Rossi, 1790) = Notoxus limbatus Fabricius, 1798 syn. nov.; Anthicus flavicoloratus Pic, 1951 = Anthicus flavicoloratus Pic, 1952 syn. nov.; Aulacoderus sulcithorax ssp. sulcithorax (Desbrochers des Loges, 1875) = Anthicus sulcithorax var. nigrithorax Pic, 1897 = Anthicus sulcithorax var. pallidior Pic, 1941 syn. nov.; Cordicollis gracilior (Abeille de Perrin, 1885) = Anthicus gracilior var. auliatanus Pic, 1940; Cyclodinus casloni (Buck, 1965) = Anthicus basilewskyi Buck, 1965 syn. nov. = Cyclodinus bucki Telnov, 2006 syn. nov.; Endomia occipitalis (Dufour, 1843) = Endomia occipitalis var. quadrinotatus Pic, 1913; Endomia unifasciata ssp. unifasciata (Bonelli, 1812) = Eudomia [sic!] unifasciata var. maculata Pic, 1919; Omonadus brevicornis (Pic, 1894a) = Anthicus brevicornis Pic, 1894b syn. nov.; Macrotomoderus bidens (Uhmann, 1994a) = Derarimus bidens Uhmann, 1999 syn. nov.; Macrotomoderus flavicornis (Uhmann, 1994a) = Derarimus flavicornis Uhmann, 1996 syn. nov.; Macrotomoderus flavipubens (Uhmann, 1994a) = Derarimus flavipubens Uhmann, 1996 syn. nov.; Macrotomoderus foveicollis (Uhmann, 1994a) = Derarimus foveicollis Uhmann, 1996 syn. nov.; Macrotomoderus sandokan nom. nov. = Derarimus minor Uhmann, 1994a syn. nov. = Derarimus minor Uhmann, 1994b syn. nov.; Macrotomoderus schillhammeri (Uhmann, 1994a) = Derarimus schillhammeri Uhmann,1996 syn. nov.; Macrotomoderus schoedli (Uhmann, 1994a) = Derarimus schoedli Uhmann, 1996 syn. nov.; Macrotomoderus schuhi (Uhmann, 1994a) = Derarimus schuhi Uhmann, 1994b syn. nov.; Macrotomoderus sumatrensis (Uhmann, 1994a) = Derarimus sumatrensis Uhmann, 1999 syn. nov.; Notoxus boviei boviei Pic, 1920 = N. boviei pallidoapicalis Pic, 1952. Anthicus basilewskyi Pic, 1955 from Rwanda is transferred to Sapintus (subgenus Sapintus) Casey, 1895 comb. nov., Anthicus drurei Pic, 1901 from Iraq is moved to Cyclodinus Mulsant & Rey, 1866 comb. nov., and Anthicus melanocephalus Bonelli, 1812 (nomen dubium) from Italy to Microhoria Chevrolat, 1877 comb. nov. Notoxus boviei var. semitestaceus Pic, 1952 and N. rothschildi var. inapicalis Pic, 1914 are automatically placed as subspecies. Anthicus Babaulti var. atripes Pic, 1921, A. Babaulti var. elgeyosus Pic, 1939, A. subinstabilis var. Karikalensis Pic, 1933, A. subinstabilis var. Nathani Pic, 1933, A. subinstabilis var. subindicus Pic, 1933, A. subinstabilis var. subsabuleti Pic, 1933, Cucullus Westwood, 1830, Macratria Severini var. diversimembris Pic, 1955, Notoxus boviei var. lateapicalis Pic, 1955, N. Jeanneli var. bisbinotatus Pic, 1921, N. Jeanneli var. innotatus Pic, 1921 (not N. chaldeus var. innotatus Pic, 1919) and N. Jeanneli var. uninotatus Pic, 1921 are unavailable names. Leptaleus barbieri Pic, 1952 from Vietnam is not a nomen nudum as recently presented. New records from European (Albania, Armenia, Azerbaijan, Bosnia Herzegovina, Canary Islands, Czech Republic, Georgia, Greece, Italy, Macedonia, Russia, Ukraine, Yugoslavia), Asian (China, Kyrgyzstan, Oman, Syria, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, Yemen) and South American (Argentina) countries are provided for eighteen species of seven genera (Anthicus, Aulacoderus, Cyclodinus, Endomia, Notoxus, Omonadus and Stenidius). Aulacoderus sulcithorax sulcithorax and Notoxus lobicornis Reiche, 1864 are excluded from the fauna of the Afrotropical region and of Italy, respectively. Endomia unifasciata ab. insularis Pic, 1934 from Sicily (Italy) is confirmed to be an unavailable name, and its "type" is a member of E. unifasciata ssp. unifasciata.

Die Typen und weiteres Material der in der Holarktis vorkommenden Arten der Gattung Amarochara Thomson werden revidiert. Von 25 als valid erkannten Arten werden 24 beschrieben bzw. redeskribiert: A. umbrosa (Erichson), A. heterogaster Cameron, A. sororcula Cameron, A. inquilina (Casey) , A. fenyesi Blatchley, A. brevios sp. n., A. bonnairei (Fauvel), A. cribripennis (Mulsant & Rey), A. siculifera sp. n., A. inermis sp. n., A. caeca sp. n., A. crassicornis (Quedenfeldt), A. forticornis (Lacordaire), A. carinata sp. n., A. loebli Pace, A. seriepunctata sp. n., A. armata sp. n., A. wrasei sp. n., A. megalops sp. n., A. formosana sp. n., A. densepunctata sp. n. und A. splendens Jarrige. Die Identität von A. tingitana Jarrige, deren Holotypus verschollen ist, bleibt ungeklärt. Die Revision ergab folgende Synonymien, Neukombinationen und Ersatznamen: Calodera Mannerheim, 1830 = Nasirema Casey, 1893, syn. n.; Aleochara Gravenhorst, 1802 = Sorecocephala Bernhauer, 1902, syn. n.; Amarochara heterogaster Cameron, 1939 = A. simlaensis Cameron, 1939, syn. n., = A. smetanai Pace, 1992, syn. n.; Calodera bonnairei Fauvel, 1865, nomen protectum = Oxypoda glabriventris Rye, 1865, nomen oblitum; Dasygnypeta velata (Erichson, 1837) = Calodera flavipes Motschulsky, 1858 (zuvor Synonym von Amarochara forticornis); Alevonota japonica (Cameron, 1933), comb. n. (ursprünglich Amarochara); Calodera caseyi nom. n., comb. n. (ursprünglich als Nasirema humilis Casey, 1893 beschrieben und später Amarochara zugeordnet, sekundäres jüngeres Synonym von Calodera humilis Erichson); Calodera parviceps (Casey, 1893), comb. n. (ursprünglich als Nasirema beschrieben, später als Synonym von Amarochara umbrosa vermutet); Pseudocalea korbi (Bernhauer, 1902), comb. n. (ursprünglich Amarochara); Aleochara (Ceranota) ocaleoides (Bernhauer, 1902), comb. n. (ursprünglich Amarochara); Aleochara (Ceranota) subtumida (Hochhuth, 1849) = Calodera brunnea Motschulsky, 1860 (vorher Synonym von Amarochara forticornis), = Ocalea reitteri Bernhauer, 1900, syn. n. Amarochara flavicornis Bernhauer, 1907 wird in die Tribus Athetini transferiert, ihre Gattungszugehörigkeit ist jedoch zweifelhaft. Für Calodera bonnairei Fauvel wird ein Neotypus designiert. Lectotypen werden designiert für Calodera umbrosa Erichson, 1837, Amarochara heterogaster Cameron, 1939, Nasirema inquilina Casey, 1906, Oxypoda glabriventris Rye, 1865, Ilyobates cribripennis Mulsant & Rey, 1875 und Ocalea reitteri Bernhauer, 1900. In einem historischen Überblick werden die taxonomischen Entwicklungen zur Gattung Amarochara zusammengefasst. Auf der Grundlage phylogenetischer Untersuchungen und Schlussfolgerungen wird die bestehende Untergattungssystematik nicht übernommen. Da aber die Arten anderer zoogeographischer Regionen bisher nicht revidiert wurden, werden die Subgenera nicht formal synonymisiert. Statt dessen werden die holarktischen Vertreter der Gattung 5 Artengruppen zugeordnet. Die Beschreibungen der Gattung, der Artengruppen sowie der Arten werden durch eine Bestimmungstabelle und durch Abbildungen der Mundteile, der primären und sekundären Geschlechtsmerkmale sowie weiterer Unterscheidungsmerkmale ergänzt. Die verfügbaren biogeographischen Daten werden zusammengefasst; für eine Reihe von Arten werden Verbreitungskarten vorgelegt. Ergebnisse von Freilanduntersuchungen und Sammlungsdaten deuten darauf hin, dass die holarktischen Amarochara-Arten univoltin sind und sich im Frühjahr und Sommer fortpflanzen. Reproduktion und Überwinterung finden offenbar in einem bisher unbekannten unterirdischen Habitat statt. Die verfügbaren ökologischen Daten werden zusammengefasst und diskutiert. Die Phänologien einiger besser bekannter Arten werden in Form von Diagrammen illustriert. Die Sexualmerkmale zweier in andere Gattungen kombinierter Arten, Pseudocalea korbi (Bernhauer) und Aleochara ocaleoides (Bernhauer), werden abgebildet.StichwörterColeoptera, Staphylinidae, Aleocharinae, Oxypodini, Amarochara, Nasirema, Calodera, Ocalea, Pseudocalea, Aleochara, Alevonota, Dasygnypeta, Sorecocephala, Holarctic region, Palaearctic region, Nearctic region, taxonomy, biogeography, ecology, life history, new species, new synonymy, new combination, neotype designation, lectotype designation.Nomenklatorische Handlungenocaleoides (Bernhauer, 1902) (Aleochara (Ceranota)), comb. n. hitherto Amarochara ocaleoidesjaponica (Cameron, 1933) (Alevonota), comb. n. hitherto Amarochara (Amarochara) japonicaarmata Assing, 2002 (Amarochara), spec. n.bonnairei (Fauvel, 1865) (Amarochara), Neotype; nom. protectum hitherto Calodera (Ilyobates) bonnaireibrevios Assing, 2002 (Amarochara), spec. n.caeca Assing, 2002 (Amarochara), spec. n.carinata Assing, 2002 (Amarochara), spec. n.cribripennis (Mulsant & Rey, 1875) (Amarochara), Lectotype described as Ilyobates cribripennisdensepunctata Assing, 2002 (Amarochara), spec. n.formosana Assing, 2002 (Amarochara), spec. n.heterogaster Cameron, 1939 (Amarochara), Lectotypeinermis Assing, 2002 (Amarochara), spec. n.inquilina (Casey, 1906) (Amarochara), Lectotype described as Nasirema inquilinamegalops Assing, 2002 (Amarochara), spec. n.seriepunctata Assing, 2002 (Amarochara), spec. n.siculifera Assing, 2002 (Amarochara), spec. n.umbrosa (Erichson, 1837) (Amarochara), Lectotype described as Calodera umbrosawrasei Assing, 2002 (Amarochara), spec. n.simlaensis Cameron, 1939 (Amarochara (Lasiochara)), syn. n. of Amarochara heterogaster Cameron, 1939smetanai Pace, 1992 (Amarochara (Lasiochara)), syn. n. of Amarochara heterogaster Cameron, 1939caseyi Assing, 2002 (Calodera), nom. n. pro Nasirema humilis Casey, 1893, nec Erichson, 1837parviceps (Casey, 1893) (Calodera), comb. n. hitherto Nasirema parvicepsreitteri Bernhauer, 1900 (Ocalea), Lectotype; syn. n. of Aleochara (Ceranota) subtumida (Hochhuth, 1849)glabriventris Rye, 1865 (Oxypoda), Lectotype; nom. oblitum now a synonym of Amarochara bonnairei (Fauvel, 1865): nom. protectumkorbi (Bernhauer, 1902) (Pseudocalea), comb. n. hitherto Amarochara korbi

Nach Untersuchung von Typen und weiterem Material paläarktischer Aleochara-Arten der Untergattungen Xenochara Mulsant & Rey, 1874 und Rheochara Mulsant & Rey, 1875 werden vier Artengruppen charakterisiert: die A. cuniculorum-Gruppe, die A. parvicornis-Gruppe, die A. laevigata-Gruppe und die A. maculata-Gruppe. 25 Arten werden beschrieben bzw. redeskribiert und abgebildet, darunter zehn neue Arten: Aleochara (Xenochara) gontarenkoi sp. n. (Ukraine, Türkei) und A. (X.) utriculata sp. n. (Mongolei) aus der A. cuniculorum-Gruppe; A. (X.) suslica sp. n. (Ukraine) aus der A. parvicornis-Gruppe; A. (X.) grandeguttata sp. n. (Türkei, Armenien, Ungarn), A. (X.) brevilaminata sp. n. (Mittelasien) und A. (X.) falcata sp. n. (Russland) aus der A. laevigata-Gruppe; A. (X.) cristata sp. n. (westliches Mittelmeergebiet) und A. (X.) hamulata sp. n. (östliches Mittelmeergebiet) aus der A. maculata-Gruppe; A. (X.) himalayanae sp. n. (China: Gansu, Qinghai) und A. (X.) digitulata sp. n. (China: Gansu) aus der A. sparsa-Gruppe. Die äußeren Merkmale und Genitalien einiger weiterer Arten werden abgebildet. Folgende Synonymisierungen werden vorgenommen: Xenochara Mulsant & Rey, 1874 = Dyschara Mulsant & Rey, 1874, syn. n., = Ophiochara Bernhauer, 1901, syn. n., = Euryodma Reitter, 1909, syn. n.; Aleochara cuniculorum Kraatz, 1858 = A. peusi Wagner, 1949, syn. n.; A. parvicornis Fauvel, 1900 = A. bobaci Krása, 1933, syn. n., = A. gracilis Likovský, 1965, syn. n.; A. gracilis Likovský ist darüber hinaus ein primäres Homonym. Drei Namen werden revalidiert: A. dalila Likovský, 1984 (bisher ein Synonym von A. peusi); A. lonae Gridelli, 1924 (bisher ein Synonym von A. laevigata Gyllenhal, 1810); A. accepta Likovský, 1972 (bisher ein Synonym von A. signata (Sahlberg, 1876)). Für A. cuniculorum Kraatz, 1858, A. breiti Ganglbauer, 1897, A. bisignata Erichson, 1837, A. cornuta Fauvel, 1886, A. peeziana Lohse, 1961, A. tenuicornis Kraatz, 1856 und A. pernigra Schubert, 1906 werden Lectotypen designiert. Weitere Nachweise verschiedener Aleochara-Arten werden aus der paläarktischen Region gemeldet, darunter zahlreiche Erstnachweise. Die Verbreitungsgebiete von 14 Arten werden anhand von Karten illustriert.StichwörterColeoptera, Staphylinidae, Aleocharinae, Aleochara, Xenochara, Rheochara, Palaearctic region, taxonomy, new species, new synonymies, revalidations, lectotype designations, distribution, ecology.Nomenklatorische HandlungenDyschara Mulsant & Rey, 1874 (Aleochara), syn. n. of Aleochara (Xenochara) Mulsant & Rey, 1874Euryodma Reitter, 1909 (Aleochara), syn. n. of Aleochara (Xenochara) Mulsant & Rey, 1874Ophiochara Bernhauer, 1901 (Aleochara), syn. n. of Aleochara (Xenochara) Mulsant & Rey, 1874gracilis Likovský, 1965 (Aleochara (Isochara)), syn. n. of Aleochara (Xenochara) parvicornis Fauvel, 1900gridellii Bernhauer, 1936 (Aleochara (Polychara)), syn. n. of Aleochara (Xenochara) lonae Gridelli, 1924peusi Wagner, 1949 (Aleochara (Polychara)), syn. n. of Aleochara (Xenochara) cuniculorum Kraatz, 1858bobaci Krása, 1933 (Aleochara (Rheochara)), syn. n. of Aleochara (Xenochara) parvicornis Fauvel, 1900accepta Likovský, 1972 (Aleochara (Xenochara)), stat. rev. hitherto a synonym of Aleochara signata (J. Sahlberg, 1876)breiti Ganglbauer, 1897 (Aleochara (Xenochara)), Lectotype described as Aleochara (Polychara) breitibrevilaminata Assing, 2009 (Aleochara (Xenochara)), spec. n.cornuta Fauvel, 1886 (Aleochara (Xenochara)), Lectotype described as Aleochara cornutacristata Assing, 2009 (Aleochara (Xenochara)), spec. n.cuniculorum Kraatz, 1858 (Aleochara (Xenochara)), Lectotypedalila Likovský, 1984 (Aleochara (Xenochara)), stat. rev. hitherto a synonym of Aleochara (Polychara) peusi Wagner, 1949digitulata Assing, 2009 (Aleochara (Xenochara)), spec. n.falcata Assing, 2009 (Aleochara (Xenochara)), spec. n.gontarenkoi Assing, 2009 (Aleochara (Xenochara)), spec. n.grandeguttata Assing, 2009 (Aleochara (Xenochara)), spec. n.hamulata Assing, 2009 (Aleochara (Xenochara)), spec. n.himalayanae Assing, 2009 (Aleochara (Xenochara)), spec. n.laevigata Gyllenhal, 1810 (Aleochara (Xenochara)), Lectotype described as Aleochara laevigatalonae Gridelli, 1924 (Aleochara (Xenochara)), stat. rev. described as Aleochara laevigata lonaepeeziana Lohse, 1961 (Aleochara (Xenochara)), Lectotype described as Aleochara peezianapernigra Schubert, 1906 (Aleochara (Xenochara)), Lectotype described as Aleochara pernigrasuslica Assing, 2009 (Aleochara (Xenochara)), spec. n.tenuicornis Kraatz, 1856 (Aleochara (Xenochara)), Lectotype described as Aleochara tenuicornisutriculata Assing, 2009 (Aleochara (Xenochara)), spec. n.

El presente artículo analiza la actividad intelectual desarrollada en el Madrid de los primeros años de la Restauración por el político autonomista cubano Rafael Montoro (1852-1933), considerando su participación en dos de las principales publicaciones de la época, Revista Europea y Revista Contemporánea, así como su constante presencia en los debates que se celebraban en el Ateneo de Madrid.

The genus Micaria Westring, 1851 (Araneae, Gnaphosidae) is a group of small (1.85–5 mm) ant-like spiders that can be distinguished from other gnaphosids by their piriform gland spigots that are similar in size to the major ampullate gland spigots. According to the World Spider Catalog, there are 105 species of Micaria in the world, of which only three species are known from the African part of the Afrotropical Region, namely M. chrysis (Simon, 1910), M. tersissima Simon, 1910 and M. beaufortia (Tucker, 1923). The objectives of this study were to revise Micaria in the Afrotropical Region, providing new and updated records for each of the species, evaluating the relationships between them using COI barcoding data, and providing information on their biology, mimetic relationships and feeding ecology. These objectives were met by collecting fresh material from the KwaZulu-Natal, Western Cape, Northern Cape and Free State provinces in South Africa. Fresh material of M. tersissima and M. chrysis were collected from their type localities, Komaggas and Port Nolloth (Northern Cape Province), respectively, for identification and DNA analyses. COI sequences generated, together with those sourced from Barcode of Life Data Systems (BOLD) and GenBank, were aligned using the CulstalW alignment algorithm in the Mega X software, and molecular phylogenetic analyses were performed using MrBayes for Bayesian Inference (BI) and RaxML for maximum likelihood (ML) analyses. Morphological examination of the collected and voucher material yielded 17 new species for the Afrotropical Region, namely M. basaliducta sp. nov. (♀, ♂, South Africa), M. bimaculata sp. nov. (♀, ♂, Mauritania), M. bispicula sp. nov. (♀, ♂, Namibia, South Africa), M. durbana sp. nov. (♀, ♂, South Africa, Zambia), M. felix sp. nov. (♀, ♂, Cameroon, Ethiopia, Malawi, Mozambique, Namibia, South Africa, Zambia, Zimbabwe), M. gagnoa sp. nov. (♀, ♂, Côte d’Ivoire, Mozambique, Mozambique, Tanzania), M. koingnaas sp. nov. (♂, South Africa), M. lata sp. nov. (♂, Namibia, South Africa), M. laxa sp. nov. (♀, South Africa), M. mediospina sp. nov. (♂, South Africa), M. parvotibialis sp. nov. (♀, ♂, Senegal), M. plana sp. nov. (♀, ♂, Ethiopia), M. quadrata sp. nov. (♀, Ethiopia), M. quinquemaculosa sp. nov. (♀, ♂, Namibia, South Africa), M. rivonosy sp. nov. (♀, ♂, Madagascar), M. sanipass sp. nov. (♂, South Africa) and M. scutellata sp. nov. (♂, South Africa). Furthermore, both sexes of M. beaufortia, as well as the male of M. tersissima, are redescribed. Both sexes of M. chrysis are described for the first time, as this species was only known from a juvenile. Of the previously known species, M. beaufortia (Botswana, Ethiopia, Lesotho, Namibia, South Africa, Zimbabwe) and M. chrysis (Côte d’Ivoire, Ethiopia, Lesotho, Namibia, South Africa, Tanzania) are widespread in the Afroptropics, while M. tersissima is only known from South Africa. Both the Bayesian inference and the maximum likelihood analysess recovered Micaria (sensu lato) as monophyletic with the inclusion of the subopaca group. The pulicaria species group was recovered as polyphyletic in both the BI and ML analyses. Four Afrotropical species, as well as the M. rossica Thorell, 1875/M. foxi Gertsch, 1933 group, formed a clade sister to M. formicaria (Sundevall, 1831). Eight of the Afrotropical species now have COI barcoding data uploaded to BOLD.

By the 1930s few Catholics in the United States could have been unaware of their church's absolute prohibition on contraception. A widely-publicized papal encyclical had spoken to the issue in 1930, even as various Protestant churches were for the first time giving a public blessing to the practice of birth control in marriage. Growing numbers of American Catholics had been exposed since at least 1920 to frank and vigorous preaching on the subject in the context of parish missions. (Missions are probably best understood as the Catholic analogue of a revival.) And by the early 1930s Catholic periodicals and pamphlets addressed the question of birth control more frequently and directly than ever before. As a Chicago Jesuit acknowledged in 1933, “Practically every priest who is close to the people admits that contraception is the hardest problem of the confessional today.” A major depression accounted in part for the hardness of the problem. But it was more fundamentally caused by the laity's heightened awareness of their church's stance on birth control and their growing consciousness of this position as a defining attribute of Catholic identity.

A list of available taxonomic names in Curculionidae: Scolytinae and Platypodinae in familyand genus-groups is given, together with some remarks on unavailable nominal taxa. Comments are provided on their status and nomenclature, and additions and corrections to extant catalogues given, as a first step for their inclusion in the electronic catalogue ‘WTaxa’. Available names, not recognised as such in current published catalogues, are: Mecopelminae Thompson, 1992; Trypodendrina Nunberg, 1954; Archaeoscolytus Butovitsch, 1929; Camptocerus Dejean, 1821; Coccotrypes Eichhoff, 1878 (April); Coptogaster Illiger, 1804; Cosmoderes Eichhoff, 1878 (April); Cryptoxyleborus Wood & Bright, 1992; Cylindra Illiger, 1802; Dendrochilus Schedl, 1963; Dendrocranulus Schedl, 1938; Doliopygus Browne, 1962; Doliopygus Schedl, 1972; Erioschidias Wood, 1960; Ernopocerus Wood, 1954; Idophelus Rye, 1877; Lepicerus Eichhoff, 1878 (April); Lepidocerus Rye, 1880; Miocryphalus Schedl, 1963; Ozopemon Hagedorn, 1910; Phloeoditica Schedl, 1963; Pinetoscolytus Butovitsch, 1929; Pycnarthrum Eichhoff, 1878 (April); Pygmaeoscolytus Butovitsch, 1929; Scolytogenes Eichhoff, 1878 (April); Spinuloscolytus Butovitsch, 1929; Stephanopodius Schedl, 1963; Stylotentus Schedl, 1963; Thamnophthorus Blackman, 1942; Trachyostus Browne, 1962; Treptoplatypus Schedl, 1972; Triarmocerus Eichhoff, 1878 (April); Trypodendrum Agassiz, 1846; Tubuloscolytus Butovitsch, 1929; Xelyborus Schedl, 1939. Unavailable names, not recognised as such in the current published catalogues, are: Chaetophloeini Schedl, 1966; Eidophelinae Murayama, 1954; Mecopelmini Wood, 1966; Strombophorini Schedl, 1960; Tomicidae Shuckard, 1840; Trypodendrinae Trédl, 1907; Acryphalus Tsai & Li, 1963; Adryocoetes Schedl, 1952; Asetus Nunberg, 1958; Carphoborites Schedl, 1947; Charphoborites Schedl, 1947; Cryptoxyleborus Schedl, 1937; Cylindrotomicus Eggers, 1936; Damicerus Dejean, 1835; Damicerus Dejean, 1836; Dendrochilus Schedl, 1957; Dendrocranulus Schedl, 1937; Doliopygus Schedl, 1939; Erioschidias Schedl, 1938; Ernopocerus Balachowsky, 1949; Gnathotrichoides Blackman, 1931; Ipites Karpiński, 1962; Isophthorus Schedl, 1938; Jugocryphalus Tsai & Li, 1963; Landolphianus Schedl, 1950; Mesopygus Nunberg, 1966; Micraciops Schedl, 1953; Miocryphalus Schedl, 1939; Mixopygus Nunberg, 1966; Neohyorrhynchus Schedl, 1962; Neophloeotribus Eggers, 1943; Neopityophthorus Schedl, 1938; Neoxyleborus Wood, 1982; Phloeoditica Schedl, 1962; Platypinus Schedl, 1939; Platyscapulus Schedl, 1957; Platyscapus Schedl, 1939; Pygodolius Nunberg, 1966; Scutopygus Nunberg, 1966; Stephanopodius Schedl, 1941; Stylotentus Schedl, 1939; Taphrostenoxis Schedl, 1965; Tesseroplatypus Schedl, 1935; Thamnophthorus Schedl, 1938; Thylurcos Schedl, 1939; Trachyostus Schedl, 1939; Treptoplatus Schedl, 1939. The name Tesseroceri Blandford, 1896, incorrectly given as “Tesserocerini genuini” in current catalogues, is unavailable as basionym for the family-group name, since it was proposed as a genusgroup name. Resurrected names from synonymy are: Hexacolini Eichhoff, 1878 from synonymy under Ctenophorini Chapuis, 1869 (invalid name because its type genus is a homonym) and given precedence over Problechilidae Eichhoff, 1878 under Art. 24.2; Hylurgini Gistel, 1848 from virtual synonymy under Tomicini C.G. Thomson, 1859 (unavailable name); Afromicracis Schedl, 1959 from synonymy under Miocryphalus Schedl, 1939 (an unavailable name) to valid genus; Costaroplatus Nunberg, 1963 from synonymy under Platyscapulus Schedl, 1957 (an unavailable name) to valid genus; Cumatotomicus Ferrari, 1867 from synonymy under Ips DeGeer, 1775 to valid subgenus of the same; Hapalogenius Hagedorn, 1912 from synonymy under Rhopalopselion Hagedorn, 1909 to valid genus; Pseudips Cognato, 2000, from synonymy under Orthotomicus Ferrari, 1867 to valid genus. New synonyms are: Hexacolini Eichhoff, 1878 (= Erineophilides Hopkins, 1920, syn. nov.); Hypoborini Nuesslin, 1911 (= Chaetophloeini Schedl, 1966, unavailable name, syn. nov.); Scolytini Latreille, 1804 (= Minulini Reitter, 1913, syn. nov.); Afromicracis Schedl, 1959 (= Miocryphalus Schedl, 1963, syn. nov.); Aphanarthrum Wollaston, 1854 (= Coleobothrus Enderlein, 1929, syn. nov.); Coccotrypes Eichhoff, 1878 (April) (= Coccotrypes Eichhoff, 1878 (December), syn. nov.); Cosmoderes Eichhoff, 1878 (April) (= Cosmoderes Eichhoff, 1878 (December), syn. nov.); Cumatotomicus Ferrari, 1867 (=Emarips Cognato, 2001, syn. nov.); Doliopygus Browne, 1962 (=Doliopygus Schedl, 1972, syn. nov.); Eidophelus Eichhoff, 1875 (= Idophelus Rye, 1877, syn. nov.); Hapalogenius Hagedorn, 1912 (= Hylesinopsis Eggers, 1920, syn. nov.); Phloeoborus Erichson, 1836 (= Phloeotrypes Agassiz, 1846, syn. nov.); Pycnarthrum Eichhoff, 1878 (April) (= Pycnarthrum Eichhoff, 1878 (December), syn. nov.); Scolytogenes Eichhoff, 1878 (April) (= Scolytogenes Eichhoff, 1878 (December) = Lepicerus Eichhoff, 1878 (December) = Lepidocerus Rye, 1880, synn. nov.); Trypodendron Stephens, 1830 (=Xylotrophus Gistel, 1848 = Trypodendrum Gistel, 1856, synn. nov.); Xylechinus Chapuis, 1869 (= Chilodendron Schedl, 1953, syn. nov.); Cosmoderes monilicollis Eichhoff, 1878 (April) (= Cosmoderes monilicollis Eichhoff, 1878 (December), syn. nov.); Hylastes pumilus Mannerheim, 1843 (= Dolurgus pumilus Eichhoff, 1868, syn. nov.); Hypoborus hispidus Ferrari, 1867 (= Pycnarthrum gracile Eichhoff, 1878 (April) syn. nov.); Miocryphalus agnatus Schedl, 1939 (= Miocryphalus agnatus Schedl, 1942, syn. nov.); Miocryphalus congonus Schedl, 1939 (= Miocryphalus congonus Eggers, 1940, syn. nov.); Lepicerus aspericollis Eichhoff, 1878 (April) = Lepicerus aspericollis Eichhoff, 1878 (December), syn. nov.); Spathicranuloides moikui Schedl, 1972 (June) (= Spathicranuloides moikui Schedl, 1972 (December), syn. nov.); Triarmocerus cryphalo-ides Eichhoff, 1878 (April) (= Triarmocerus cryphaloides Eichhoff, 1878 (December), syn. nov.); Scolytogenes darvini Eichhoff, 1878 (April) (= Scolytogenes darwinii Eichhoff, 1878 (December), syn. nov.). New type species designations are: Bostrichus dactyliperda Fabricius, 1801 for Coccotrypes Eichhoff, 1878 (April); Triarmocerus cryphaloides Eichhoff, 1878 (April) for Triarmocerus Eichhoff, 1878 (April); Ozopemon regius Hagedorn, 1908 for Ozopemon Hagedorn, 1910 (non 1908); Dermestes typographus Linnaeus, 1758 for Bostrichus Fabricius, 1775 (non Geoffroy, 1762). New combinations are: Afromicracis agnata (Schedl, 1939), A. attenuata (Eggers, 1935), A. ciliatipennis (Schedl, 1979), A. congona (Schedl, 1939), A. dubia (Schedl, 1950), A. elongata (Schedl, 1965), A. grobleri (Schedl, 1961), A. klainedoxae (Schedl, 1957), A. longa (Nunberg, 1964), A. natalensis (Eggers, 1936), A. nigrina (Schedl, 1957), A. nitida (Schedl, 1965), A. pennata (Schedl, 1953) and A. punctipennis (Schedl, 1965) all from Miocryphalus; Costaroplatus abditulus (Wood, 1966), C. abditus (Schedl, 1936), C. carinulatus (Chapuis, 1865), C. clunalis (Wood, 1966), C. cluniculus (Wood, 1966), C. clunis (Wood, 1966), C. costellatus (Schedl, 1933), C. frontalis (Blandford, 1896), C. imitatrix (Schedl, 1972), C. manus (Schedl, 1936), C. occipitis (Wood, 1966), C. pulchellus (Chapuis, 1865), C. pulcher (Chapuis, 1865), C. pusillimus (Chapuis, 1865), C. subabditus (Schedl, 1935), C. turgifrons (Schedl, 1935) and C. umbrosus (Schedl, 1936) all from Platyscapulus; Hapalogenius africanus (Eggers, 1933), H. alluaudi (Lepesme, 1942), H. angolanus (Wood, 1988), H. angolensis (Schedl, 1959), H. arabiae (Schedl, 1975), H. atakorae (Schedl, 1951), H. ater (Nunberg, 1967), H. baphiae (Schedl, 1954), H. brincki (Schedl, 1957), H. confusus (Eggers, 1935), H. decellei (Nunberg, 1969), H. dimorphus (Schedl, 1937), H. dubius (Eggers, 1920), H. emarginatus (Nunberg, 1973), H. endroedyi (Schedl, 1967), H. fasciatus (Hagedorn, 1909), H. ficus (Schedl, 1954), H. fuscipennis (Chapuis, 1869), H. granulatus (Lepesme, 1942), H. hirsutus (Schedl, 1957), H. hispidus (Eggers, 1924), H. horridus (Eggers, 1924), H. joveri (Schedl, 1950), H. kenyae (Wood, 1986), H. oblongus (Eggers, 1935), H. orientalis (Eggers, 1943), H. pauliani (Lepesme, 1942), H. punctatus (Eggers, 1932), H. quadrituberculatus (Schedl, 1957), H. rhodesianus (Eggers, 1933), H. saudiarabiae (Schedl, 1971), H. seriatus (Eggers, 1940), H. squamosus (Eggers, 1936), H. striatus (Schedl, 1957), H. sulcatus Eggers, 1944), H. togonus (Eggers, 1919), H. ugandae (Wood, 1986) and H. variegatus (Eggers, 1936), all from Hylesinopsis. New ranks are: Diapodina Strohmeyer, 1914, downgraded from tribe of Tesserocerinae to subtribe of Tesserocerini; Tesserocerina Strohmeyer, 1914, downgraded from tribe of Tesserocerinae to subtribe of Tesserocerini. New placements are: Coptonotini Chapuis, 1869 from tribe of Coptonotinae to tribe of Scolytinae; Mecopelmini Thompson, 1992, from tribe of Coptonotinae to tribe of Platypodinae; Schedlariini Wood & Bright, 1992, from tribe of Coptonotinae to tribe of Platypodinae; Spathicranuloides Schedl, 1972, from Platypodinae s.l. to Tesserocerina; Toxophthorus Wood, 1962 from Scolytinae incertae sedis to Dryocoetini. Confirmed placements are: Onychiini Chapuis, 1869 to tribe of Cossoninae (including single genus Onychius Chapuis, 1869); Sciatrophus Sampson, 1914 in Cossoninae incertae sedis; Cryphalites Cockerell, 1917 in Zopheridae Colydiinae. Corrected spellings are: Micracidini LeConte, 1876 for Micracini; Phrixosomatini Wood, 1978 for Phrixosomini. Gender agreements are corrected for species of several genera.

The classification of Microhoriini Bonadona, 1974 is revised. Five genera are recognized: Aulacoderus LaFerté-Sénectère, 1849, Falsophilus Kejval, 2015, Liparoderus LaFerté-Sénectère, 1849, Microhoria Chevrolat, 1877, and Neocrohoria Telnov, 2019. (i) New species: Microhoria almukalla Kejval, sp. nov. (Yemen), M. anahita Kejval, sp. nov. (Iran), M. antalya Kejval, sp. nov. (Turkey), M. bacillisternum Kejval, sp. nov. (Iran), M. cervi Kejval, sp. nov. (Oman), M. fergana Kejval, sp. nov. (Kyrgyzstan), M. garavuti Kejval, sp. nov. (Tajikistan), M. gibbipennis Kejval, sp. nov. (Turkey), M. halophila Kejval, sp. nov. (Turkey), M. hazara Kejval, sp. nov. (Afghanistan), M. heracleana Kejval, sp. nov. (Greece), M. impavida Kejval, sp. nov. (Turkey), M. kabulensis Kejval, sp. nov. (Afghanistan), M. kermanica Kejval, sp. nov. (Iran), M. pahlavi Kejval, sp. nov. (Iran), M. persica Kejval, sp. nov. (Iran), M. strejceki Kejval, sp. nov. (Tajikistan), M. sawda Kejval, sp. nov. (Saudi Arabia), and M. sulaimanica Kejval, sp. nov. (Pakistan, Uzbekistan). (ii) New synonymies: Microhoria Chevrolat, 1877 = Clavicomus Pic, 1894 syn. nov. = Tenuicomus Pic, 1894 syn. nov.; Microhoria depressa (LaFerté-Sénectère, 1849) = Anthicus mollis Desbrochers des Loges, 1875 syn. nov.; Microhoria edmondi (Pic, 1893) = Anthicus spinosus Pic, 1912 syn. nov.; Microhoria globipennis (Pic, 1897) = Anthicus globipennis quercicola Sahlberg, 1913 syn. nov.; Microhoria luristanica (Pic, 1911) = Anthicus pietschmi Pic, 1938 syn. nov.; Microhoria ottomana (LaFerté-Sénectère, 1849) = Anthicus merkli Pic, 1897 syn. nov.; Microhoria pinicola (Reitter, 1889) = Microhoria feroni Bonadona, 1960 syn. nov.; Microhoria posthuma (Krekich-Strassoldo, 1931) = Anthicus fumeoalatus Krekich-Strassoldo, 1931 syn. nov.; Microhoria truncatipennis (Pic, 1897) = Anthicus mouzafferi Pic, 1910 syn. nov. (iii) Status changes. Anthicus tauricus var. inobscura Pic, 1908 is raised to species level as Microhoria inobscura (Pic, 1908) stat. nov.; Anthicus truncatus var. decoloratus Pic, 1897 is removed from synonymy with Anthicus truncatus Pic, 1895 and raised to species level as Microhoria decolorata (Pic, 1897) stat. restit. (iv) New combinations: Microhoria disconotata (Pic, 1907) comb. nov., M. fossicollis (LaFerté-Sénectère, 1849) comb. nov., M. gestroi (Pic, 1895) comb. nov., M. irregularis (Pic, 1932) comb. nov., M. lividipes (Desbrochers des Loges, 1875) comb. nov., M. marginicollis (Pic, 1951) comb. nov., M. nystii (LaFerté-Sénectère, 1849) comb. nov., M. schimperi (Pic, 1898) comb. nov., M. semiviridis (Pic, 1951) comb. nov., M. strandi (Krekich-Strassoldo, 1931) comb. nov., and M. yemenita (Nardi, 2004) comb. nov., all from Anthicus Paykull, 1798. Microhoria abscondita (Telnov, 2000) comb. nov., M. adusta (Krekich-Strassoldo, 1931) comb. nov., M. afghana (Telnov, 2010) comb. nov., M. almorae (Krekich-Strassoldo, 1931) comb. nov., M. ambusta (Krekich-Strassoldo, 1931) comb. nov., M. angulifer (Pic, 1893) comb. nov., M. anomala (Telnov, 1998) comb. nov., M. antinorii (Pic, 1894) comb. nov., M. apicordiger (Bonadona, 1954) comb. nov., M. aquatilis (Krekich-Strassoldo, 1931) comb. nov., M. assamensis (Pic, 1907) comb. nov., M. assequens (Krekich-Strassoldo, 1931) comb. nov., M. atrata (Krekich-Strassoldo, 1931) comb. nov., M. austriaca (Pic, 1901) comb. nov., M. bicarinifrons (Pic, 1892) comb. nov., M. biguttata (Bonadona, 1964) comb. nov., M. brevipilis (Pic, 1893) comb. nov., M. bruckii (Kiesenwetter, 1870) comb. nov., M. brunneipes (Krekich-Strassoldo, 1931) comb. nov., M. caeruleicolor (Pic, 1906) comb. nov., M. callima (Baudi di Selve, 1877) comb. nov., M. comes (Krekich-Strassoldo, 1931) comb. nov., M. cordata (Krekich-Strassoldo, 1931) comb. nov., M. curticeps (Pic, 1923) comb. nov., M. dichrous (LaFerté-Sénectère, 1849) comb. nov., M. doderoi (Pic, 1902) comb. nov., M. erythraea (Pic, 1899) comb. nov., M. erythrodera (Marseul, 1878) comb. nov., M. feai (Pic, 1907) comb. nov., M. fugax (LaFerté-Sénectère, 1849) comb. nov., M. fugiens (Marseul, 1876) comb. nov., M. garze (Telnov, 2018) comb. nov., M. gigas (Pic, 1899) comb. nov., M. gravida (Krekich-Strassoldo, 1931) comb. nov., M. harmandi (Pic, 1899) comb. nov., M. hauseri (Pic, 1906) comb. nov., M. henoni (Pic, 1892) comb. nov., M. heydeni (Marseul, 1879) comb. nov., M. himalayana (Pic, 1909) comb. nov., M. hummeli (Pic, 1933) comb. nov., M. immaculipennis (Krekich-Strassoldo, 1931) comb. nov., M. inabsoluta (Telnov, 2003) comb. nov., M. indeprensa (Telnov, 2000) comb. nov., M. kabyliana (Pic, 1896) comb. nov., M. kejvali (Telnov, 1999) comb. nov., M. kham (Telnov, 2018) comb. nov., M. kocheri (Pic, 1951) comb. nov., M. kuluensis (Pic, 1914) comb. nov., M. lepidula (Marseul, 1876) comb. nov., M. longiceps (LaFerté-Sénectère, 1849) comb. nov., M. longicornis (Uhmann, 1983) comb. nov., M. manifesta (Pic, 1907) comb. nov., M. martinezi (Pic, 1932) comb. nov., M. muguensis (Telnov, 2000) comb. nov., M. nigrocyanella (Marseul, 1877) comb. nov., M. nigrofusca (Telnov, 2000) comb. nov., M. nigroterminata (Pic, 1909) comb. nov., M. notatipennis (Pic, 1909) comb. nov., M. olivierii (Desbrochers des Loges, 1868) comb. nov., M. optabilis LaFerté-Sénectère, 1849) comb. nov., M. paganettii (Pic, 1909) comb. nov., M. phungi (Pic, 1926) comb. nov., M. picea (LaFerté-Sénectère, 1849) comb. nov., M. plagiostola (Bonadona, 1958) comb. nov., M. plicatipennis (Pic, 1936) comb. nov., M. posthuma (Krekich-Strassoldo, 1931) comb. nov., M. postimpressa (Pic, 1938) comb. nov., M. postluteofasciata (Pic, 1938) comb. nov., M. prolatithorax (Pic, 1899) comb. nov., M. proterva (Krekich-Strassoldo, 1931) comb. nov., M. ragusae (Pic, 1898) comb. nov., M. semidepressa (Pic, 1893) comb. nov., M. separatithorax (Pic, 1914) comb. nov., M. shibatai (Nomura, 1962) comb. nov., M. schrammi Pic, 1913) comb. nov., M. sikkimensis (Pic, 1907) comb. nov., M. sinensis (Pic, 1907) comb. nov., M. spinipennis (Pic, 1898) comb. nov., M. sporadica (Krekich-Strassoldo, 1931) comb. nov., M. striaticollis (Krekich-Strassoldo, 1931) comb. nov., M. subpicea (Pic, 1914) comb. nov., M. tersa (Krekich-Strassoldo, 1931) comb. nov., M. tonkinensis (Krekich-Strassoldo, 1928) comb. nov., M. truncatella (LaFerté-Sénectère, 1849) comb. nov., M. turgida (Krekich-Strassoldo, 1928) comb. nov., M. uhagoni (Pic, 1904) comb. nov., M. uniformis (Krekich-Strassoldo, 1931) comb. nov., M. variabilis (Telnov, 2003) comb. nov., M. weigeli (Telnov, 2000) comb. nov., M. versicolor (Kiesenwetter, 1866) comb. nov., M. wuyishanensis (Nardi, 2004) comb. nov., and Nitorus niger (Uhmann, 1996) comb. nov., all from Clavicomus Pic, 1894. Microhoria agriliformis (Pic, 1893) comb. nov., M. alfierii (Pic, 1923) comb. nov., M. angelinii (Degiovanni, 2012) comb. nov., M. babaulti (Pic, 1921) comb. nov., M. barnevillei (Pic, 1892) comb. nov., M. armeniaca (Pic, 1899) comb. nov., M. bonnairii (Fairmaire, 1883) comb. nov., M. cyanipennis (Grilat, 1886) comb. nov., M. depressa (LaFerté-Sénectère, 1849) comb. nov., M. dolichocephala (Baudi di Selve, 1877) comb. nov., M. duplex (Nardi, 2004) comb. nov., M. edmondi (Pic, 1893) comb. nov., M. escalerai (Pic, 1904) comb. nov., M. finalis (Telnov, 2003) comb. nov., M. fuscomaculata (Pic, 1893) comb. nov., M. insignita (Pic, 1906) comb. nov., M. luristanica (Pic, 1911) comb. nov., M. meloiformis (Reitter, 1890) comb. nov., M. mesopotamica (Pic, 1912) comb. nov., M. ocreata (LaFerté-Sénectère, 1847) comb. nov., M. olivacea (LaFerté-Sénectère, 1849) comb. nov., M. ottomana (LaFerté-Sénectère, 1849) comb. nov., M. pallicra (Dufour, 1849) comb. nov., M. paralleliceps (Reitter, 1890) comb. nov., M. paupercula (LaFerté-Sénectère, 1847) comb. nov., M. platiai (Degiovanni, 2000) comb. nov., M. siccensis (Normand, 1950) comb. nov., M. subaerea (Reitter, 1890) comb. nov., M. subcaerulea (Pic, 1906) comb. nov., M. subsericea (Pic, 1898) comb. nov., M. tarifana (Pic, 1904) comb. nov., M. tibialis (Waltl, 1835) comb. nov., M. velox (LaFerté-Sénectère, 1849) comb. nov., M. viridipennis (Pic, 1899) comb. nov., and M. viturati (Pic, 1893) comb. nov., all from Tenuicomus Pic, 1894. Microhoria decolorata (Pic, 1897) comb. nov. and M. truncata (Pic, 1895) comb. nov. from Stricticomus Pic, 1894. Microhoria truncatipennis (Pic, 1897) comb. nov. from Anthelephila Hope, 1833. (v) Lectotype designations. Lectotypes are designated for the following species: Anthicus depressus LaFerté-Sénectère, 1849, A. edmondi Pic, 1893, A. luristanicus Pic, 1911, A. merkli Pic, 1897, A. mouzafferi Pic, 1910, A. pietschmi Pic, 1938, A. pinicola Reitter, 1889, A. posthumus Krekich-Strassoldo, 1931, and A. spinosus Pic, 1912.

Seven species and two families previously unknown from New Zealand are recorded: Dynomene pilumnoides Alcock, 1900, Metadynomene tanensis (Yokoya, 1933) (Dynomenidae new to New Zealand); Pseudopalicus undulatus Castro, 2000 (Palicidae); Mursia microspina Davie & Short, 1989 (Calappidae new to New Zealand); Ovalipes elongatus Stephenson & Rees, 1968, Thalamita danae Stimpson, 1858, (Portunidae); Percnon planissimum (Herbst, 1804) (Plagusiidae); Ontogenetic morphological changes in Nectocarcinus antarcticus (Portunidae) are described. The southern limit for Pseudopalicus undulatus is extended from Fiji to New Zealand and the depth limit from 410 m to more than 560 m. A checklist of Brachyura recorded from the Kermadec Is is also updated. The genus Dromia Weber, 1795 (Dromiidae) is revised and restricted to the Atlantic Ocean (6 species) and Metadromia gen. nov. and Tumidodromia gen. nov., are erected for Indo-West Pacific species previously included in Dromia sensu lato. A new species of Rochinia (Epialtidae) is described from the Rumble V seamount. The stridulatory ridges on the chelipeds of Ocypode (Ocypodidae), important for identification, are shown to be sexually dimorphic: males have more striae than females. A single specimen of O. pallidula is reported from the Leigh Marine Reserve where it may have been accidentally released.

The genus Olios Walckenaer, 1837 is revised, a generic diagnosis is given and an identification key to eight species groups is provided. Olios in its revised sense includes 87 species and is distributed in Africa, southern Europe and Asia. Three species groups are revised in this first part, an identification key to species for each group is provided, five new species are described and all included species are illustrated. The Olios argelasius-group includes O. argelasius Walckenaer, 1806, O. canariensis (Lucas, 1838), O. pictus (Simon, 1885), O. fasciculatus Simon, 1880 and O. kunzi spec. nov. (male, female; Namibia, Zambia, South Africa); it is distributed in the Mediterranean region, northern Africa including Canary Islands, in the Middle East, South Sudan, East Africa, and southern Africa. The Olios coenobitus-group includes O. angolensis spec. nov. (male; Angola), O. coenobitus Fage, 1926, O. denticulus spec. nov. (male; Java), O. erraticus Fage, 1926, O. gambiensis spec. nov. (male, female; Gambia), O. milleti (Pocock, 1901b), O. mordax (O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1899) and O. pusillus Simon, 1880; it is distributed in Africa (Gambia, Angola, Tanzania, Madagascar) and Asia (India, Sri Lanka, Indonesia: Java). The Olios auricomis-group includes only O. auricomis (Simon, 1880), distributed in Africa south of 10°N. Other species groups are introduced briefly and will be revised in forthcoming revisions. The Olios correvoni-group includes currently O. claviger (Pocock, 1901a), O. correvoni Lessert, 1921, O. correvoni choupangensis Lessert, 1936, O. darlingi (Pocock, 1901a), O. faesi Lessert, 1933, O. freyi Lessert, 1929, O. kassenjicola Strand, 1916b, O. kruegeri (Simon, 1897a), O. quadrispilotus (Simon, 1880) comb. nov., O. lucieni comb. nov. nom. nov., O. sjostedti Lessert, 1921 and O. triarmatus Lessert, 1936; it is distributed in Africa (Zimbabwe, Tanzania incl. Zanzibar, Angola, Congo, Central Africa, South Africa, Botswana; O. darlingi was recorded from Zimbabwe and Botswana and not from South Africa). The Olios rossettii-group includes: O. baulnyi (Simon, 1874), O. bhattacharjeei (Saha & Raychaudhuri, 2007), O. brachycephalus Lawrence, 1938, O. floweri Lessert, 1921, O. jaldaparaensis Saha & Raychaudhuri, 2007, O. japonicus Jäger & Ono, 2000, O. kolosvaryi (Caporiacco, 1947b) comb. nov., O. longipes (Simon, 1884b), O. lutescens (Thorell, 1894), O. mahabangkawitus Barrion & Litsinger, 1995, O. obesulus (Pocock, 1901b), O. rossettii (Leardi, 1901), O. rotundiceps (Pocock, 1901b), O. sericeus (Kroneberg, 1875), O. sherwoodi Lessert, 1929, O. suavis (O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1876), O. tarandus (Simon, 1897d), O. tener (Thorell, 1891) and O. tiantongensis (Zhang & Kim, 1996); it is distributed in the Mediterranean region, in Africa (especially eastern half) and Asia (Middle East and Central Asia to Japan, Philippines and Java). The Olios nentwigi-group includes O. diao Jäger, 2012, O. digitatus Sun, Li & Zhang, 2011, O. jaenicke Jäger, 2012, O. muang Jäger, 2012, O. nanningensis (Hu & Ru, 1988), O. nentwigi spec. nov. (male, female; Indonesia: Krakatau), O. perezi Barrion & Litsinger, 1995, O. scalptor Jäger & Ono, 2001 and O. suung Jäger, 2012; it is distributed in Asia (Thailand, Laos, Vietnam, Cambodia, China, Taiwan, Indonesia, Philippines), Papua New Guinea and Mariana Islands. Olios diao is newly recorded from Cambodia and Champasak Province in Laos. The Olios stimulator-group includes O. admiratus (Pocock, 1901b), O. hampsoni (Pocock, 1901b), O. lamarcki (Latreille, 1806) and O. stimulator Simon, 1897c; it is distributed in Africa (Madagascar, Seychelles), Middle East and South Asia (United Arab Emirates, Iraq, Afghanistan, Pakistan, India, Maldives, Sri Lanka). The Olios hirtus-group includes O. bungarensis Strand, 1913b, O. debalae (Biswas & Roy, 2005), O. ferox (Thorell, 1892), O. hirtus (Karsch, 1879a), O. igraya (Barrion & Litsinger, 1995) comb. nov., O. menghaiensis (Wang & Zhang, 1990), O. nigrifrons (Simon, 1897b), O. punctipes Simon, 1884a, O. punctipes sordidatus (Thorell, 1895), O. pyrozonis (Pocock, 1901b), O. sungaya (Barrion & Litsinger, 1995) comb. nov., O. taprobanicus Strand, 1913b and O. tikaderi Kundu et al., 1999; it is distributed in South, East and Southeast Asia (Sri Lanka, India, Nepal, Bangladesh, Myanmar, China, Laos, Thailand, Cambodia, Vietnam, Malaysia, Indonesia, Philippines). Nineteen synonyms are recognised: Nisueta Simon, 1880, Nonianus Simon, 1885, both = Olios syn. nov.; O. spenceri Pocock, 1896, O. werneri (Simon, 1906a), O. albertius Strand, 1913a, O. banananus Strand, 1916a, O. aristophanei Lessert, 1936, all = O. fasciculatus; O. subpusillus Strand, 1907c = O. pusillus; O. schonlandi (Pocock, 1900b), O. rufilatus Pocock, 1900c, O. chiracanthiformis Strand, 1906, O. ituricus Strand, 1913a, O. isongonis Strand, 1915, O. flavescens Caporiacco, 1941 comb. nov., O. pacifer Lessert, 1921, all = O. auricomis; Olios sanguinifrons (Simon, 1906b) = O. rossettii Leardi, 1901; O. phipsoni (Pocock, 1899), Sparassus iranii (Pocock, 1901b), both = O. stimulator; O. fuligineus (Pocock, 1901b) = O. hampsoni. Nine species are transferred to Olios: O. gaujoni (Simon, 1897b) comb. nov., O. pictus comb. nov., O. unilateralis (Strand, 1908b) comb. nov. (all three from Nonianus), O. affinis (Strand, 1906) comb. nov., O. flavescens Caporiacco, 1941 comb. nov., O. quadrispilotus comb. nov., O. similis (Berland, 1922) comb. nov. (all four from Nisueta), O. sungaya (Barrion & Litsinger, 1995) comb. nov., O. igraya (Barrion & Litsinger, 1995) comb. nov. (both from Isopeda L. Koch 1875). Olios lucieni nom. nov. comb. nov. is proposed for Nisueta similis Berland, 1922, which becomes a secondary homonym. The male of O. quadrispilotus comb. nov. is described for the first time. Sixteen species are currently without affiliation to one of the eight species groups: O. acolastus (Thorell, 1890), O. alluaudi Simon, 1887a, O. batesi (Pocock, 1900c), O. bhavnagarensis Sethi & Tikader, 1988, O. croseiceps (Pocock, 1898b), O. durlaviae Biswas & Raychaudhuri, 2005, O. gentilis (Karsch, 1879b), O. gravelyi Sethi & Tikader, 1988, O. greeni (Pocock, 1901b), O. inaequipes (Simon 1890), O. punjabensis Dyal, 1935, O. ruwenzoricus Strand, 1913a, O. senilis Simon, 1880, O. somalicus Caporiacco, 1940, O. wroughtoni (Simon, 1897c) and O. zulu Simon, 1880. Five of these species are illustrated in order to allow identification of the opposite (male) sex and to settle their systematic placement. Thirty-seven species are considered nomina dubia, mostly because they were described from immatures, three of them are illustrated: O. abnormis (Blackwall, 1866), O. affinis (Strand, 1906) comb. nov., O. africanus (Karsch, 1878), O. amanensis Strand, 1907a, O. annandalei (Simon, 1901), O. bivittatus Roewer, 1951, O. ceylonicus (Leardi, 1902), O. conspersipes (Thorell, 1899), Palystes derasus (C.L. Koch, 1845) comb. nov., O. detritus (C.L. Koch, 1845), O. digitalis Eydoux & Souleyet, 1842, O. exterritorialis Strand, 1907b, O. flavovittatus (Caporiacco, 1935), O. fugax (O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1885), O. guineibius Strand, 1911c, O. guttipes (Simon, 1897a), O. kiranae Sethi & Tikader, 1988, O. longespinus Caporiacco, 1947b, O. maculinotatus Strand, 1909, O. morbillosus (MacLeay, 1827), O. occidentalis (Karsch, 1879b), O. ornatus (Thorell, 1877), O. pagurus Walckenaer, 1837, O. patagiatus (Simon, 1897b), O. praecinctus (L. Koch, 1865), O. provocator Walckenaer, 1837, O. quesitio Moradmand, 2013, O. quinquelineatus Taczanowski, 1872, O. sexpunctatus Caporiacco, 1947a, Heteropoda similaris (Rainbow, 1898) comb. rev., O. socotranus (Pocock, 1903), O. striatus (Blackwall, 1867), O. timidus (O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1885), Remmius variatus (Thorell, 1899) comb. nov., O. vittifemur Strand, 1916b, O. wolfi Strand, 1911a and O. zebra (Thorell, 1881). Eighty-nine species are misplaced in Olios but cannot be affiliated to any of the known genera. They belong to the subfamilies Deleninae Hogg, 1903, Sparassinae Bertkau, 1872 and Palystinae Simon, 1897a, nineteen of them are illustrated: O. acostae Schenkel, 1953, O. actaeon (Pocock, 1898c), O. artemis Hogg, 1915, O. atomarius Simon, 1880, O. attractus Petrunkevitch, 1911, O. auranticus Mello-Leitão, 1918, O. benitensis (Pocock, 1900c), O. berlandi Roewer, 1951, O. biarmatus Lessert, 1925, O. canalae Berland, 1924, O. caprinus Mello-Leitão, 1918, O. chelifer Lawrence, 1937, O. chubbi Lessert, 1923, O. clarus (Keyserling, 1880), O. coccineiventris (Simon, 1880), O. corallinus Schmidt, 1971, O. crassus Banks, 1909, O. debilipes Mello-Leitão, 1945, O. discolorichelis Caporiacco, 1947a, O. erroneus O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1890, O. extensus Berland, 1924, O. fasciiventris Simon, 1880 , O. feldmanni Strand, 1915, O. fimbriatus Chrysanthus, 1965, O. flavens Nicolet, 1849, O. fonticola (Pocock, 1902), O. formosus Banks, 1929, O. francoisi (Simon, 1898a), O. fulvithorax Berland, 1924, O. galapagoensis Banks, 1902, O. gaujoni (Simon, 1897b) comb. nov., O. giganteus Keyserling, 1884, O. hoplites Caporiacco, 1941, O. humboldtianus Berland, 1924, O. insignifer Chrysanthus, 1965, O. insulanus (Thorell, 1881), O. keyserlingi (Simon, 1880), O. lacticolor Lawrence, 1952, O. lepidus Vellard, 1924, O. longipedatus Roewer, 1951, O. machadoi Lawrence, 1952, O. macroepigynus Soares, 1944, O. maculatus Blackwall, 1862, O. marshalli (Pocock, 1898a), O. mathani (Simon, 1880), O. minensis Mello-Leitão, 1917, O. monticola Berland, 1924, O. mutabilis Mello-Leitão, 1917, O. mygalinus Doleschall, 1857, O. mygalinus cinctipes Merian, 1911, O. mygalinus nirgripalpis Merian, 1911, O. neocaledonicus Berland, 1924, O. nigristernis (Simon, 1880), O. nigriventris Taczanowski, 1872, O. oberzelleri Kritscher, 1966, O. obscurus (Keyserling, 1880), O. obtusus F.O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1900, O. orchiticus Mello-Leitão, 1930, O. oubatchensis Berland, 1924, O. paraensis (Keyserling, 1880), O. pellucidus (Keyserling, 1880), O. peruvianus Roewer, 1951, O. pictitarsis Simon, 1880, O. plumipes Mello-Leitão, 1937, O. princeps Hogg, 1914, O. pulchripes (Thorell, 1899), O. puniceus (Simon, 1880), O. roeweri Caporiacco, 1955a, O. rubripes Taczanowski, 1872, O. rubriventris (Thorell, 1881), O. rufus Keyserling, 1880, O. sanctivincenti (Simon, 1898b), O. similis (O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1890), O. simoni (O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1890), O. skwarrae Roewer, 1933, O. spinipalpis (Pocock, 1901a), O. stictopus (Pocock, 1898a), O. strandi Kolosváry, 1934, O. subadultus Mello-Leitão, 1930, O. sulphuratus (Thorell, 1899), O. sylvaticus (Blackwall, 1862), O. tamerlani Roewer, 1951, O. tigrinus (Keyserling, 1880), O. trifurcatus (Pocock, 1900c), O. trinitatis Strand, 1916a, O. velox (Simon, 1880), O. ventrosus Nicolet, 1849, O. vitiosus Vellard, 1924 and O. yucatanus Chamberlin, 1925. Seventeen taxa are transferred from Olios to other genera within Sparassidae, eight of them are illustrated: Adcatomus luteus (Keyserling, 1880) comb. nov., Eusparassus flavidus (O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1885) comb. nov., Palystes derasus (C.L. Koch, 1845) comb. nov., Heteropoda similaris (Rainbow, 1898) comb. rev., Remmius variatus (Thorell, 1899) comb. nov., Nolavia audax (Banks, 1909) comb. nov., Nolavia antiguensis (Keyserling, 1880) comb. nov., Nolavia antiguensis columbiensis (Schmidt, 1971) comb. nov., Nolavia fuhrmanni (Strand, 1914) comb. nov., Nolavia helva (Keyserling, 1880) comb. nov., Nolavia stylifer (F.O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1900) comb. nov., Nolavia valenciae (Strand, 1916a) comb. nov., Nungara cayana (Taczanowski, 1872) comb. nov., Polybetes bombilius (F.O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1899) comb. nov., Polybetes fasciatus (Keyserling, 1880) comb. nov., Polybetes hyeroglyphicus (Mello-Leitão, 1918) comb. nov. and Prychia paalonga (Barrion & Litsinger, 1995) comb. nov. One species is transferred from Olios to the family Clubionidae Wagner, 1887: Clubiona paenuliformis (Strand, 1916a) comb. nov.

RESUMENEste artículo propone un recorrido a través de la figura del pensador de la Baja Edad Media a la Ilustración. Publicada en 1621, la Anatomía de la melancolía de Robert Burton dibuja la imagen del filósofo nuevo, opuesto a los desvergonzados filosofastros que daban título a la comedia de 1615. Demócrito Júnior supone la confirmación de la nueva figura intelectual que ha dejado atrás al clerc de la Baja Edad Media: el humanista del Renacimiento que, gracias a la rehabilitación llevadaa cabo por Marsilio Ficino del mal de la bilis negra, confiesa con orgullo su carácter melancólico, propio del genio fuera de lo común. Su sucesor, el philosophe del siglo XVIII ya no necesita acudir a la afección atrabiliaria para postularse como el guía que ha de conducir y domesticar al pueblo.PALABRAS CLAVE: melancolía, filosofastros, época moderna, philosophe, pueblo.ABSTRACTThis article proposes a journey through the figure of the thinker from the late Middle Ages to the Enlightenment. Published in 1621, Robert Burton’s Anatomy of Melancholy depicts the image of the new philosopher as opposed to those shameless philosophasters, to which the title of his 1615 comedy refers. Democritus Junior embodies the confirmation of the new intellectual figure that has abandoned the clerc of the late Middle Ages: that Renaissance humanist who, thanks to Marsilio Ficino’s rehabilitation of the malady of the black bile, proudly confesses his melancholiccharacter, typical of extraordinary geniuses. His successor, the 18th century philosophe, no longer needs to resort to bad-tempered humour in order to present himself as the guide destined to direct and domesticate common people.KEY WORDS: melancholy, philosophasters, early modern period, philosophe, common people.BIBLIOGRAFÍAAgamben, G., Stanze. La parola e il fantasma nella cultura occidentale, Torino, Einaudi, 1977.Aristóteles, El hombre de genio y la melancolía: problema XXX, I, Barcelona, Quaderns Crema, 1996, edición bilingüe, prólogo y notas de Jackie Pigeaud, traducción de Cristina Serna.Badinter, É., Les passions intellectuelles, vol. I. Désirs de gloire (1735-1751), Paris, Fayard, 1999 (traducción española: Las pasiones intelectuales, vol. I. Deseos de gloria (1735-1751), Buenos Aires, FCE, 2007D’Alembert, “Réflexions sur l’état présent de la République des lettres pour l’article gens de lettres, écrites en 1760 et par conséquent relatives à cette époque”, en OEuvres et correspondances inédites (éditées par Charles Henry), Genève, Slatkine, 1967.Bartra, R., Cultura y melancolía. Las enfermedades del alma en la España del Siglo de Oro, Barcelona, Anagrama, 2001.Bauman, Z., Legisladores e intérpretes. Sobre la modernidad, la posmodernidad y los intelectuales, Buenos Aires, Universidad Nacional de Quilmes, 1997, traducción de Horacio Pons.Burton, R., Philosophaster, Whitefish, Kessinger Publishing, 1992, ed. Latin-English.Burton, R., Anatomía de la melancolía, Madrid, Asociación Española de Neuropsiquiatría, 1997-2002, 3 vols., prefacio de Jean Starobinski, traducción de Ana Sáez Hidalgo, Raquel Álvarez Peláez y Cristina Corredor.Chartier, R., Espacio público, crítica y desacralización en el siglo XVIII. Los orígenes culturales de la Revolución Francesa, Barcelona, Gedisa, 2003, traducción de Beatriz Lonné.Darnton, R., “La dentadura postiza de George Washington”, en El coloquio de los lectores. Ensayos sobre autores, manuscritos, editores y lectores, México, FCE, 2003, prólogo, selección y traducción de Antonio Saborit, pp. 285-310.Darnton, R., Los best sellers prohibidos en Francia antes de la Revolución, Buenos Aires, FCE, 2008, traducción de Antonio Saborit.Diderot, D., “Éléments de physiologie”, en OEuvres complètes de Diderot revues sur les éditions originales comprenant ce qui a été publié à diverses époques et les manuscrits inédits conservés à la Bibliothèque de l›Ermitage, Paris, Garnier frères, 1875-1877, notices, notes, table analytique, étude sur Diderot et le mouvement philosophique au XVIIIe siècle par Jules Assézat [et Maurice Tourneaux].Dumarsais, C. Ch., Nouvelles libertés de penser, Amsterdam, Piget, 1743.Erasmo de Rotterdam, “Colloquio llamado Combite religioso”, en A. Herrán y M. Santos (eds.), Coloquios familiares: edición de Alonso Ruiz de Virués (siglo XVI), Rubí (Barcelona), Anthropos, 2005.Furetière, A., “Hydre”, en Dictionnaire universel, contenant généralement tous les mots françois tant vieux que modernes, et les termes de toutes les sciences et des arts..., Paris, France-expansion, 1972 –reproduction de l’édition de La Haye et Rotterdam, A. et R. Leers, 1690, 3 tomes dans un volume, non paginé.Garin, E., “El filósofo y el mago”, en E. Garin (ed.), El hombre del Renacimiento, Madrid, Alianza, 1990, traducción de Manuel Rivero Rodríguez.Garnier, J.-J., L’Homme de lettres, Paris, Panckoucke, 1764.Goulemot, J.-M., Adieu les philosophes: que reste-t-il des Lumières?, Paris, Seuil, 2001.Klibansky, R., Panofsky, E. y Saxl, F., Saturno y la melancolía. Estudios de historia de la filosofía de la naturaleza, la religión y el arte, Madrid, Alianza, 1991, versión española de María Luisa Balseiro.Le Goff, J., Los intelectuales en la Edad Media, Barcelona, Gedisa, 1986, traducción de Alberto L. Bixio.Lepenies, W., ¿Qué es un intelectual europeo? Los intelectuales y la política del espíritu en la historia europea, Barcelona, Galaxia Gutenberg/Círculo de Lectores, 2008, traducción de Sergio Pawlosky.Masseau, D., L’invention de l’intellectuel dans l’Europe du XVIIIe siècle, Paris, Presses Universitaires de France, 1994.Mornet, D., Les origines intellectuelles de la Révolution française: 1715-1787, Paris, Armand Colin, 1933 (traducción española: Los orígenes intelectuales de la Revolución Francesa, 1715-1787, Buenos Aires, Paidós, 1969, traducción de Carlos A. Fayard).Radin, P., Primitive Religion. Its Nature and Origin, New York, The Viking Press, 1937.Rivera García, A., “La pintura de la crisis: Albrecht Dürer y la Reforma”, Artificium. Revista iberoamericana de estudios culturales y análisis conceptual, 1 (2010), pp. 100-119.Schiebinger, L., Nature’s body. Gender in the Making of Modern Science, New Brunswick (New Jersey), Rutgers University Press, 2006.Starobinski, J., “Habla Demócrito. La utopía melancólica de Robert Burton”, en R. Burton, Anatomía de la melancolía, vol. I, traducción de Julián Mateo Ballorca, pp. 11-29.Taine, H.- A., Histoire de la littérature anglaise, Paris, L. Hachette, 2e édition revue et augmentée, 1866.Tocqueville, A. de, El Antiguo Régimen y la Revolución, Madrid, Istmo, 2004, edición de Antonio Hermosa Andújar.Van Kley, D. K., The Damiens Affair and the Unraveling of the Ancien Régime, 1750-1770, Princeton, Princeton University Press, 1984.Vernière, P., “Naissance et statut de l’intelligentsia en France”, in Ch. Mervaud et S. Menant (éd.), Le siècle de Voltaire: hommage à René Pomeau, Oxford, Voltaire Foundation, 1987, vol. II, pp. 933-941; É. Walter, “Sur l’intelligentsia des Lumières”, Dix-huitième siècle, 5, 1973, pp. 173-201.Voltaire, Les oeuvres complètes de Voltaire / The Complete Works of Voltaire, Genève/Toronto/Paris, Institut et Musée Voltaire/University of Toronto Press, edited by Theodore Besterman], tome 82, Notebooks (vol. 2), 1968.Weber, M., La ética protestante y el “espíritu” del capitalismo, Madrid, Alianza, 2001, traducción de Joaquín Abellán García.

El nacimiento de una nueva vida, siempre fue y seguirá siendo el acontecimiento más hermoso e importante de la creación; y las condiciones que rodean la atención de la futura madre, también son cruciales para el desarrollo normal del recién nacido. El Instituto Nacional Materno Perinatal viene cumpliendo su misión de dar atención especializada a la mujer en salud sexual y reproductiva y al neonato de alto riesgo, desarrollando investigación, tecnología y docencia a nivel nacional; desde su creación hace 194 años, un 10 de octubre de 1826. Fue el Mariscal don Andrés de Santa Cruz, Presidente del Consejo de Gobierno de la República quien por decreto supremo emitido por Hipólito Unanue, creó la Casa de Maternidad, centro hospitalario que tendría como finalidad socorrer a las mujeres pobres en sus partos y formar parteras instruidas y hábiles,1 y se instaló en el Colegio de Santo Tomás.2 Su "partida de nacimiento" está inscrita en la historia de la Medicina Peruana, como el acontecimiento más importante de los primeros años de la República. La Casa de Maternidad empezó a funcionar el 12 de mayo de 1830 bajo de la dirección de la matrona Benita Paulina Cadeau de Fessel con formación profesional parisina, que tuviera como maestros a Madame La Chapelle y al profesor Antoin Dubois en la Escuela Nacional de Partos de París, propulsora de los conocimientos de la escuela francesa, cuna de la formación a todo nivel. Ella dió inicio a la enseñanza científica de la Obstetricia en el Perú. En 1836 agobiada por la enfermedad dejo la Maternidad y el colegio de partos en 18361. La Casa de Maternidad se traslada al Hospital de Santa Ana en 1841 y la Sociedad de Beneficencia Pública de Lima nombra como director al Dr. Camilo Segura en 1948 con lo que se inicia su refundación2. En 1852 viaja a Paris a especializarse en Cirugía y Partos en la Universidad de La Soborna. Retorna en 1853 e implanta un conjunto de técnicas y medidas acordes a los conocimientos más adelantados de su época que redujeron la morbilidad y mortalidad materna y perinatal. En 1857 la Casa de Maternidad se traslada al Colegio de San Idelfonso, para luego pasar en 1875 al Hospital de San Andrés, y dos años más tarde volvió al Hospital Santa Ana hasta 1922 año en el que se trasladó en el local que actualmente ocupa y desde entonces empieza a ser llamado extraoficialmente Hospital de Maternidad de Lima, aunque esta denominación recién se oficializa 10 años más tarde3. El doctor Enrique Febres Odriozola por aquel entonces le cambia la nominación de Casa de Maternidad por la de Instituto Obstétrico Ginecológico3. En 1934, durante el gobierno del Presidente Oscar R. Benavides, se construye la parte que da al jirón Miroquesada, es decir, la Dirección, la antigua Emergencia y la ex clínica, Santa María3. El 22 de diciembre de 1937 el Dr. Victor Bazul Fonseca realiza la primera cesárea segmentaria en el Perú a la paciente Felipa Otárola, una primigesta a término adolescente de 15 años con pelvis estrecha, usando fórceps de Simpson se extrajo un RN masculino de 3700 grs. y fue dada de alta del antiguo Servicio 5 a los 42 días. Este hecho no fue fortuito, sino fruto del estudio constante, de la ejecución previa en cadáveres, y su experiencia en otras técnicas quirúrgicas; desde aquella fecha, difunde esta técnica a través de la Cátedra, del Hospital, de la Sociedad Peruana de Obstetricia y Ginecología y de cuanto certamen científico había4. Lina Medina Vásquez nació en Huancavelica, Perú, el 27 de septiembre de 1933 y es considerada la madre más joven de la historia. El 14 de mayo de 1939, Lina, a los 5 años de edad, dió a luz a un niño mediante cesárea, realizada por el Dr. Lozada, el Dr. Colareta y el Dr. Bussalleu5. En 1941 después del terremoto de mayo, en que queda afectada parte del hospital, por iniciativa del doctor Víctor Bazul Fonseca, se construye un "servicio modelo piloto" en lo que fue el antiguo Servicio Nº 6 3. En 1943, durante el primer gobierno de don Manuel Prado, se construye la parte que da al jirón Cangallo, en la que lamentablemente no se siguió el modelo propuesto y se tugurizó el hospital en la forma que estuvieron antiguamente los servicios Nº. 1 y 2. Ese mismo año, por decreto supremo, se le da la denominación oficial de Hospital de Maternidad de Lima. En 1962 se le despoja de su administración a la Beneficencia Pública de Lima, que le encargara el Ministerio de la Ley 127 años atrás y por D.S. Nº. 43 A.S del 09 de marzo, es transferido al Ministerio de Salud. Como presente por sus 142 años de existencia, el 8 de junio de 1968, es obsequiada en su propio terreno con un edificio de 4 plantas, donde funcionarían los servicios básicos de atención para la creciente población de parturientas, estable, con casa propia, el transformado Hospital de Maternidad de Lima, fija sus metas en el progreso académico y tecnológico. En la década del 80 se construyen el área para el Servicio de Emergencia y el Servicio de Alto Riesgo Obstétrico y la Unidad de Vigilancia Intensiva Obstétrica. En 1992 obtiene la denominación de Instituto Materno Perinatal. En el 2001 se inaugura el Hospital de la Amistad Perú Japón, alcanzándose altos niveles de calidad en la atención de las emergencias obstétricas, en el nuevo Servicio de Emergencia, en la atención del parto en el Servicio de Centro Obstétrico, atención de las gestantes con graves complicaciones en la Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos Materno, atención de los recién nacidos con graves complicaciones en la Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos Neonatales y en la Unidad de Cuidados Intermedios Neonatales; y en la atención de los procedimientos quirúrgicos en Servicio de Centro Quirúrgico, contando además con el apoyo de la Central de Esterilización. En el 2002 logra la denominación de Instituto Especializado Materno Perinatal y desde el 2006 es categorizado como Instituto Nacional Materno Perinatal. En el 2021 el INMP cumplirá 195 años de vida institucional en favor de la salud de las mujeres, gestantes y recién nacidos del Perú, en favor de la docencia de pre y post grado en ginecología-obstetricia y neonatología, y en la investigación. Será siempre muy importante recordar con mucho orgullo la historia de la Maternidad de Lima.

RESUMENDe entre todos los objetos, tiempos, espacios, palabras y seres que componen el mundo físico, algunos están investidos de un valor especial por cuanto se les atribuye la virtud de visibilizar las instancias invisibles de las que dependemos los mortales. Es lo sagrado. A lo sagrado se le depara un trato singular hecho de respeto, veneración o miedo, pero en ocasiones también de rencor y de odio por lo que encarna o representa. Es adorado, pero también, y acaso por las mismas razones, puede ser insultado, destruido, objeto de burla y, si tiene forma humana, martirizado o asesinado. La violencia contra lo sagrado puede caber en sistemas religiosos que le otorgan a la agresión un papel central en su universo mítico o ritual. También se ofende u agrede lo santo para grupos o pueblos a someter, puesto que en ello está resumido su orden del mundo. Desde esta perspectiva, el agravio, la irreverencia y el daño pasan a reclamar un lugar protagonista en los estudios sobre la institución religiosa de la cultura bajo las figuras del sacrilegio y la profanación.PALABRAS CLAVE: sagrado, profanación, sacrilegio, violencia religiosa, iconoclastia.ABSTRACTOf all the objects, times, spaces, words and beings that make up the physical world, some are invested with a special value because they are attributed the virtue of making visible the invisible instances on which we mortals depend. This is the sacred. The sacred is given a singular treatment combining respect, veneration or fear, but sometimes also resentment and hatred of what it embodies or represents. It is adored, but also, and perhaps for the same reasons, it can be insulted,destroyed, mocked and, if it has a human form, martyred or killed. Violence against the sacred can fit into religious systems that give aggression a central role in their mythical or ritual universe. Also offended or attacked is what is sacred for groups or peoples to be subdued, since in it an embodiment of their world order. From this perspective, aggravation, irreverence and damage occupy a central place in the studies on the religious institution of culture under the figures of sacrilege and profanation.KEY WORDS: sacred, profanation, sacrilege, religious violence, iconoclasm. BIBLIOGRAFÍAAgamben, G. (2005), Profanaciones, Barcelona, Anagrama.Arbeola, V. M. (1973), Socialismo y anticlericalismo, Madrid, Taurus.Arce Fustero, G. (2018), De espaldas a Cristo. Una historia del anticlericalisme en Colombia, 1849-1948, Medellín, Editorial Universidad de Medellín.Aston, M. (1988), England’s Iconoclasts, Oxford, Oxford University Press.Auzépy, M. F. (1987), “L’iconodulie: Défense de l’image ou de la devotion de l’image”, en Boesfplug, F. y Lossy, N. (comp.), Nicée II, 787-19 87. Douze siecles d’imagerie religieuse, París, Cerf, 157-164.Bataille, G. 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The John Innes Centre has a large collection of the correspondence of William Bateson (F.R.S., 1894), its first Director, who worked at the John Innes Horticultural Institution, Merton, Surrey, from 1910 until his death in 1926 at the age of 64. Previous to this appointment, Bateson was Professor of Biology at Cambridge and an enthusiastic promulgator of the new science of genetics. Indeed, he actually coined the term genetics , in 1905. Whilst studying the genetics of Antirrhinum , Bateson came into contact with a colleague in Germany, Erwin Baur (1875-1933), who was also a staunch advocate of Mendelian genetics. The two biologists became friends and confidants.

Thomas Neville George, later renowned as a Carboniferous stratigrapher and palaeontologist and also as a geomorphologist, was born in Morriston, Swansea, on 13 May 1904, being the elder of two children and the only son of Thomas Rupert George (1873-1933) and Elizabeth George (née Evans, 1875-1937). The family background on both sides was dominated by school teaching driven by a deep-seated moral belief in the ability of education to improve and enrich the lives of otherwise impoverished folk. His father, Thomas Rupert George, had attended the University College of Wales at Aberystwyth and originally came from Port Eynon. He became a school teacher and eventually headmaster in a Swansea school but much of his time was given to Socialist politics, particularly in organizing the local Trades and Labour Council, of which he was an honorary secretary. Neville’s mother, Elizabeth, was a school teacher from Swansea Training College and for a short time taught her son at his first primary school. She came from a chapel-going family, whereas his father did not, and Neville attended chapel sporadically until he was eight but not thereafter.

В статье показано, как в результате Октябрьской революции 1917 года было прервано развитие педагогической науки в России. В результате догматического прочтения идеи немецкого философа Карла Маркса, неверно интерпретированной вождем революции В.И. Лениным, был выдвинут ошибочный лозунг обязательного «соединения обучения с производительным трудом молодого поколения». Основываясь на нем, Н.К. Крупская навязала образованию тупиковую модель так называемой «трудовой школы». Она ввергла российскую школу в десятилетие хаоса и ошибок, привела к дезориентации педагогической общественности, разрушению системы профессиональных учебных заведений. Таков неизбежный результат любого политического вмешательства в образование и идеологии – в научную педагогику. Автор считает идею трудовой школы «русским крестом» отечественной педагогики, а степень ее восприятия – тестом на объективность и профессионализм российских ученых. Крупская Надежда Константиновна (1869–1939 г.г.) – жена вождя революции В.И. Ленина, одна из идеологов педагогики марксизма и создателей советской системы народного образования, заместитель наркома просвещения РСФСР, доктор педагогических наук, почетный член АН СССР. С 1930 года была отстранена от работы в Наркомпросе и занялась вопросами библиотечной работы. Луначарский Анатолий Васильевич (1875–1933 г.г.) – близкий соратник В.И. Ленина, первый нарком просвещения РСФСР, искусствовед, писатель, переводчик. В 1929 году смещён с поста наркома и назначен директором Института литературы и языка Коммунистической академии. Сторонник латинизации русского алфавита. Академик АН СССР. The article shows how, as a result of the October Revolution, 1917, the development of pedagogical science in Russia was interrupted. As a result of a dogmatic reading of the idea of the German philosopher Karl Marx, which was incorrectly interpreted by the leader of the revolution V.I. Lenin, the erroneous slogan was put forward of the obligatory “combination of education with the productive labor of the young generation”. Based on it, N.K. Krupskaya imposed an impasse on the model of the so-called labor school. It plunged the Russian school into a decade of chaos and mistakes, which led to disorientation of the pedagogical community, the destruction of the system of professional educational institutions. This is an inevitable result of any political interference in education and ideology – in scientific pedagogy. The author considers the idea of a labor school to be the “Russian cross” of Russian pedagogy, and the degree of its perception is treated as a test of the objectivity and professionalism of Russian scientists. Krupskaya Nadezhda Konstantinovna (1869–1939) – the wife of the leader of the revolution V.I. Lenin, one of the ideologists of pedagogy of Marxism and the creators of the Soviet public education system, deputy commissar of education of the RSFSR, doctor of pedagogical sciences, honorary member of the USSR Academy of Sciences. Since 1930, she was removed from her position, and was engaged in library work. Lunacharsky Anatoly Vasilievich (1875–1933) – a close associate of V.I. Lenin, the first People's Commissar of Education of the RSFSR, an art critic, writer, translator. In 1929, he was removed from his position as people's commissar and was appointed director of the Institute of Literature and Language of the Communist Academy. Supporter of the Latinization of the Russian alphabet.

В статье показано, как в результате Октябрьской революции 1917 года было прервано развитие педагогической науки в России. В результате догматического прочтения идеи немецкого философа Карла Маркса, неверно интерпретированной вождем революции В.И. Лениным, был выдвинут ошибочный лозунг обязательного «соединения обучения с производительным трудом молодого поколения». Основываясь на нем, Н.К. Крупская навязала образованию тупиковую модель так называемой «трудовой школы». Она ввергла российскую школу в десятилетие хаоса и ошибок, привела к дезориентации педагогической общественности, разрушению системы профессиональных учебных заведений. Таков неизбежный результат любого политического вмешательства в образование и идеологии – в научную педагогику. Автор считает идею трудовой школы «русским крестом» отечественной педагогики, а степень ее восприятия – тестом на объективность и профессионализм российских ученых. Крупская Надежда Константиновна (1869–1939 г.г.) – жена вождя революции В.И. Ленина, одна из идеологов педагогики марксизма и создателей советской системы народного образования, заместитель наркома просвещения РСФСР, доктор педагогических наук, почетный член АН СССР. С 1930 года была отстранена от работы в Наркомпросе и занялась вопросами библиотечной работы. Луначарский Анатолий Васильевич (1875–1933 г.г.) – близкий соратник В.И. Ленина, первый нарком просвещения РСФСР, искусствовед, писатель, переводчик. В 1929 году смещён с поста наркома и назначен директором Института литературы и языка Коммунистической академии. Сторонник латинизации русского алфавита. Академик АН СССР. The article shows how, as a result of the October Revolution, 1917, the development of pedagogical science in Russia was interrupted. As a result of a dogmatic reading of the idea of the German philosopher Karl Marx, which was incorrectly interpreted by the leader of the revolution V.I. Lenin, the erroneous slogan was put forward of the obligatory “combination of education with the productive labor of the young generation”. Based on it, N.K. Krupskaya imposed an impasse on the model of the so-called labor school. It plunged the Russian school into a decade of chaos and mistakes, which led to disorientation of the pedagogical community, the destruction of the system of professional educational institutions. This is an inevitable result of any political interference in education and ideology – in scientific pedagogy. The author considers the idea of a labor school to be the “Russian cross” of Russian pedagogy, and the degree of its perception is treated as a test of the objectivity and professionalism of Russian scientists. Krupskaya Nadezhda Konstantinovna (1869–1939) – the wife of the leader of the revolution V.I. Lenin, one of the ideologists of pedagogy of Marxism and the creators of the Soviet public education system, deputy commissar of education of the RSFSR, doctor of pedagogical sciences, honorary member of the USSR Academy of Sciences. Since 1930, she was removed from her position, and was engaged in library work. Lunacharsky Anatoly Vasilievich (1875–1933) – a close associate of V.I. Lenin, the first People's Commissar of Education of the RSFSR, an art critic, writer, translator. In 1929, he was removed from his position as people's commissar and was appointed director of the Institute of Literature and Language of the Communist Academy. Supporter of the Latinization of the Russian alphabet.