Journal articles on the topic '1875-1937'

Occasional small specimens of herring have, since at least 1875, been taken by Plymouth anglers in winter under harbour lights. In 1937 larger herrings appeared, and a specialised rod fishery developed which continued, apart from the war years, until 1953, when it collapsed suddenly.

Мақола БХСР (Бухоро халқ совет республикаси)даги раҳбар арбобларнинг маориф тизимидаги ислоҳотларни амалга ошириш ва ушбу соҳада кадрлар тайёрлаш масалаларига бағишланган. Хусусан, БХСР Нозирлар Шўроси раиси Файзулла Хўжаев (1896-1938), БХСР маориф нозирлари бўлиб ишлаган ёш бухороликларнинг етакчилари бўлган Қори Йўлдош Пўлатов (1890-1965), Абдурауф Фитрат (1886-1938), Абдувоҳид Бурхонов (1875-1934), Мусажон Сайиджонов (1893-1937) кабилар БХСР маориф соҳасини ислоҳ қилишга катта эътибор қаратганликлари таҳлил қилинган.

Maurice Ravel (1875–1937), a musician of the highest order, died in a state of dementia. A genius of orchestration, a successful experimenter in musical forms and styles; he was at his best when given to composing small-scale constructions. His musical miniatures combine an extraordinary expressiveness with an unparalleled, almost mechanical precision. The latter quality provoked Stravinsky into calling him a “Swiss clock-maker of music”.

ZUSAMMENFASSUNGVordergründig betrachtet sind wir Ärzte gesunde Helfer, die Patienten kranke Hilfsbedürftige. Wir tragen den weißen Kittel, sie das Flügelhemd. Einige von uns sind selbst Patienten und wir alle haben schon kranke Ärzte behandelt. Was passiert, wenn Ärzte schwer erkranken? Wir drei krebskranke Ärzte berichten über unseren Perspektivwechsel. Unsere Erfahrungen ermöglichen uns, vom Ende her zu denken, und prägen nachhaltig unseren Blick auf die moderne Medizin.

Arthur J. Penty, an English architect in private practice in York at the turn of the century, became associated with Barry Parker and Raymond Unwin as a freelance designer and exerted a fundamentally important (though largely unsung) influence on the stylistic principles now associated with Parker and Unwin's work at the First Garden City, Letchworth (founded 1903) and at Hampstead Garden Suburb in London (commenced 1905). He was a competent Arts and Crafts designer during a late phase of this idiom's effectiveness in England, believing it to be both culturally and socially appropriate in its reflection of the English temperament and its demand for high quality production. His concerns for the latter prompted him to be an architectural theorist, to popularize the work of Voysey and Lethaby, and to advocate greater on-site collaboration between architects and craftsmen and the virtual abolition of designing on paper. It also persuaded him to become a political activist and to originate a movement-Guild Socialism-which placed great faith in the potential governance of education and production by restored crafts guilds and which enjoyed a brief moment of success in the form of a National Guilds League just after the First World War. Medievalism is the key concept linking all aspects of his life's work-his devotion to the teachings of Morris, his respect for likeminded 19th-century practical idealists, his wish to encourage a return to systems of quality control and production effective in the Middle Ages, and his "medievalist" detailing of several of Parker and Unwin's landmark buildings.

Distribution data are presented for several species of weevils (Coleoptera: Brentidae, Curculionidae) from Hungary. Ceutorhynchus viridanus Gyllenhal, 1837, Miarus ursinus Abeille de Perrin, 1906, Otiorhynchus ovalipennis Boheman, 1842, Otiorhynchus ropotamus Angelov, 1974, and Pachyrhinus lethierryi (Desbrochers des Loges, 1875) are first recorded from the country. Additionally, recent, unpublished Hungarian records of Alcidodes karelinii (Boheman, 1844), Ceratapion armatum (Gerstaecker, 1854), Curculio gyongyiae Szénási, 2022, Gronops lunatus (Fabricius, 1775), Herpes porcellus (Lacordaire, 1863), Hypera libanotidis (Reitter, 1896), Loborhynchapion amethystinum (Miller, 1857), Otiorhynchus coarctatus Stierlin, 1861, Otiorhynchus juglandis Apfelbeck, 1895, Otiorhynchus lutosus Stierlin, 1858, Otiorhynchus roubali Penecke, 1931, Otiorhynchus winkleri F. Solari, 1937 and Polydrusus crinipes Germann, 2018 are presented.

Lectotypes are designated for the following species-group names of New world Gymnetini. Genus Allorrhina Burmeister, 1842: A. baeri Bourgoin, 1911; A. gounellei Bourgoin, 1911; A. nickerli Moser, 1911; A. soror Moser, 1911; and A. tridentata Moser, 1908. Genus Amithao Thomson, 1878: Cotinis cavifrons Burmeister, 1842; Desicasta metallica Janson, 1885; and Cotinis erythropus moreletii Blanchard, 1850. Genus Astroscara Sch rhoff, 1937: G. flavoradiata Moser, 1918. Genus Blaesia Burmeister, 1842: B. subrugosa Moser, 1905. Genus Gymnetis MacLeay, 1819: G. aureotorquata Bourgoin, 1912; G. balzarica Janson, 1880; G. bouvieri Bourgoin, 1912; G. callispila Bates, 1889; G. chanchamayensis Pouillaude, 1913; G. chontalensis Janson, 1875; G. colombiana Pouillaude, 1913; G. coturnix Burmeister, 1842; G. difficilis Burmeister, 1842; G. dysoni Schaum, 1848; G. ecuadoriensis Pouillaude, 1913; Cetonia flava Weber, 1801; G. limbolaniata Pouillaude, 1913; G. mathani Pouillaude, 1913; G. meleagris Burmeister, 1842; G. nigrina Bates, 1886; G. olivina Pouillaude, 1913; Paragymnetis rubrocincta Sch rhoff, 1937; G. poecila Schaum, 1848; G. punctipennis Burmeister, 1842; G. radiicollis Burmeister, 1847; G. ramulosa Bates, 1872; G. salicis Bates, 1889; G. scheini Sch rhoff, 1937; P. burmeisteri Sch rhoff, 1937; G. vandepolli Bates, 1889; G. variabilis Moser, 1921; and G. zikani Moser, 1921. Genus Heterocotinis Mart nez, 1948: G. terminata Gory and Percheron, 1833. Genus Hoplopyga Thomson, 1880: G. aequatorialis Moser, 1918; G. boliviensis Moser, 1918; G. foeda Schaum, 1848; and G. peruana Moser, 1912. Genus Marmarina Kirby, 1827: Cetonia insculpta Kirby, 1819; G. tigrina Gory and Percheron, 1833; and Maculinetis litorea Sch rhoff, 1937. Lectotype designation, label data, and type depository are given for each species. A photograph of the lectotype is provided for most species. Commentary clarifying the status of the type series is given for some species.

L’œuvre du compositeur Maurice Ravel (1875-1937) fait résonner un Orient singulier. Si on y découvre l’ombre scintillante du monde de la pacotille « fin de siècle », on y trouve aussi les couleurs chaudes et rêveuses que la littérature et la peinture ont données à un Orient imaginé depuis plus de deux siècles. Au cours de cet article, nous présenterons quelques aspects de l’œuvre de Ravel qui font appel à une culture de l’Orient basée sur le récit et l’imagination. C’est par un processus d’appropriation très particulier que le compositeur réalise certaines de ses œuvres les plus emblématiques et caractéristiques de ce que nous appellerons un orientalisme « poétique ». Nous puiserons nos exemples musicaux dans Shéhérazade (1903) et Ma Mère l’Oye (1910).

The present paper describes 16 new species and one new genus from French Guiana and numerous taxonomic changes are proposed prior to the publication of a comprehensive guide to the Phasmatodea of French Guiana. The following 16 new species are described and illustrated: Phanocles procerus n. sp., Phanocloidea lobulatipes n. sp., Cladomorphus guianensis n. sp., Hirtuleius gracilis n. sp., Parastratocles rosanti n. sp., Parastratocles fuscomarginatus n. sp., Paraprisopus apterus n. sp., Paraprisopus multicolorus n. sp., Agrostia longicerca n. sp., Isagoras similis n. sp., Paragrostia brulei n. sp., Prexaspes globosicaput n. sp., Prexaspes guianensis n. sp., Dinelytron cahureli n. sp., Prisopus clarus n. sp. and Prisopus conocephalus n. sp.. The new genus Paragrostia n. gen. is established for the newly described Paragrostia brulei n. sp. and Paragrostia flavimaculata (Heleodoro, Mendes & Rafael, 2017) n. comb. the latter of which is here transferred from Agrostia Redtenbacher, 1906. Fifty-six new combinations are proposed with species transferred to other genera: Bacteria pallidenotata Redtenbacher, 1908, is transferred to Phanocloidea Zompro, 2001 (n. comb.); Bacteria maroniensis Chopard, 1911 is transferred to Phanocles Stål, 1875 (n. comb.); Cladomorphus gibbosus (Chopard, 1911) is transferred to Hirtuleius Stål, 1875 (n. comb.); Stratocles soror Redtenbacher, 1906, Parastratocles lugubris (Redtenbacher, 1906) and Parastratocles cryptochloris (Rehn, 1904) are transferred to Brizoides Redtenbacher, 1906 (n. comb.); Stratocles xanthomela (Olivier, 1792), Stratocles forcipatus Bolívar, 1896 and Stratocles tessulatus (Olivier, 1792) are transferred to Parastratocles (n. comb.); Olcyphides cinereus (Olivier, 1792), Perliodes affinis Redtenbacher, 1906, Perliodes nigrogranulosus Redtenbacher, 1906, Perliodes sexmaculatus Redtenbacher, 1906, Isagoras rugicollis (Gray, 1835), Isagoras sauropterus Rehn, 1947, Brizoides viridipes (Rehn, 1905) and Brizoides graminea Redtenbacher, 1906 are transferred to Agrostia Redtenbacher, 1906 (n. comb.); Agrostia flavimaculata Heleodoro, Mendes & Rafael, 2017 is transferred to Paragrostia n. gen. (n. comb.); Isagoras affinis Chopard, 1911, Isagoras chocoensis Hebard, 1921, Isagoras metricus Rehn, 1947 and Isagoras schraderi Rehn, 1947 are transferred to Tenerella Redtenbacher, 1906 (n. comb.); Xerosoma glyptomerion Rehn, 1904 is transferred to Isagoras Stål, 1875 (n. comb.); Isagoras venosus (Burmeister, 1838), Paraphasma paulense Rehn, 1918 and Paraphasma quadratum (Bates, 1865) are transferred to Prexaspes Stål, 1875 (n. comb.); Prexaspes (Prexaspes) cneius (Westwood, 1859) is transferred to Tenerella Redtenbacher, 1906 (n. comb.); Prexaspes lateralis (Fabricius, 1775) is transferred to Paraphasma Redtenbacher, 1906 (n. comb.); Isagoras santara (Westwood, 1859) and Prexaspes olivaceus Chopard, 1911 are transferred to Periphloea Redtenbacher, 1906 (n. comb.); Dinelytron agrion Westwood, 1859 is transferred to Paraprisopus Redtenbacher, 1906 (n. comb.); Anarchodes atrophicus (Pallas, 1772) is transferred to Ignacia Rehn, 1904 (n. comb.); Planudes asperus Bellanger & Conle, 2013, Planudes brunni Redtenbacher, 1906, Planudes cortex Hebard, 1919, Planudes crenulipes Rehn, 1904, Planudes funestus Redtenbacher, 1906, Planudes melzeri Piza, 1937, Planudes molorchus (Westwood, 1859), Planudes paxillus (Westwood, 1859), Planudes perillus Stål, 1875, Planudes pygmaeus (Redtenbacher, 1906) and Planudes taeniatus Piza, 1944 are transferred to Isagoras Stål, 1875 (n. comb.); Prisopoides atrobrunneus Heleodoro & Rafael, 2020, Prisopoides brunnescens Heleodoro & Rafael, 2020, Prisopoides caatingaensis Heleodoro & Rafael, 2020 and Prisopoides villosipes (Redtenbacher, 1906) are transferred to Prisopus Peletier de Saint Fargeau & Serville, 1828 (n. comb.); Melophasma antillarum (Caudell, 1914), Melophasma brachypterum Conle, Hennemann & Gutiérrez, 2011, Melophasma colombianum Conle, Hennemann & Gutiérrez, 2011 and Melophasma vermiculare Redtenbacher, 1906 are transferred to Paraprisopus Redtenbacher, 1906 (n. comb.); Prexaspes (Elasia) ambiguus (Stoll, 1813), Prexaspes (Elasia) brevipennis (Burmeister, 1838), Prexaspes (Elasia) pholcus (Westwood, 1859), Prexaspes (Elasia) viridipes Redtenbacher, 1906 and Prexaspes (Elasia) vittata (Piza, 1985) are transferred to Prexaspes Stål, 1875 (n. comb.). Twenty-six new synonymies are established: Perliodes Redtenbacher, 1906 and Chlorophasma Redtenbacher, 1906 are synonymised with Agrostia Redtenbacher, 1906 (n. syn.); Chlorophasma Redtenbacher, 1906 is synonymised with Agrostia Redtenbacher, 1906 (n. syn.); Elasia Redtenbacher, 1906 is synonymised with Prexaspes Stål, 1875 (n. syn.); Prisopoides Heleodoro & Rafael, 2020 is synonymised with Prisopus Peletier de Saint Fargeau & Serville, 1828 (n. syn.); Melophasma Redtenbacher, 1906 is synonymised with Paraprisopus Redtenbacher, 1906 (n. syn.); Bacteria crassipes Chopard, 1911 is synonymised with Bacteria pallidenotata Redtenbacher, 1908 (n. syn.); Perliodes grisescens Redtenbacher, 1906 and Metriophasma (Metriophasma) pallidum (Chopard, 1911) are synonymised with Agrostia cinerea (Olivier, 1792) (n. syn.); Perliodes nigrogranulosus Redtenbacher, 1906 and Metriophasma (Metriophasma) ocellatum (Piza, 1937) are synonymised with Isagoras rugicollis (Gray, 1835) (n. syn.); Isagoras chopardi Hebard, 1933 is synonymised with Tenerella cneius (Westwood, 1859) (n. syn.); Isagoras proximus Redtenbacher, 1906 is synonymised with Isagoras glyptomerion (Rehn, 1904) (n. syn.); Chlorophasma hyalina Redtenbacher, 1906 is synonymised with Agrostia graminea (Redtenbacher, 1906) (n. syn.); Isagoras nitidus Redtenbacher, 1906 is synonymised with Anisa flavomaculatus (Gray, 1835) (n. syn.); Prexaspes acuticornis (Gray, 1835) is synonymised with Prexaspes servillei (Gray, 1835) (n. syn.); Prexaspes nigromaculatus Chopard, 1911 is synonymised with Periphloea santara (Westwood, 1859) (n. syn.); Prexaspes (Elasia) janus Kirby, 1904 is synonymised with Paraphasma maculatum (Gray, 1835) (n. syn.); Prexaspes dictys (Westwood, 1859) is synonymised with Prexaspes brevipennis (Burmeister, 1838) (n. syn.); Parastratocles aeruginosus Redtenbacher, 1906: 107 is synonymised with Parastratocles forcipatus Bolívar, 1896 (n. syn.); Parastratocles carbonarius (Redtenbacher, 1906: 106) is synonymised with Parastratocles lugubris (Redtenbacher, 1906) (n. syn.); Prisopus spinicollis Burmeister, 1838, Prisopus spiniceps Burmeister, 1838 and Prisopus cornutus Gray, 1835 are synonymised with Prisopus ohrtmanni (Lichtenstein, 1802) (n. syn.); the genus Planudes Stål, 1875 is synonymised with Isagoras Stål, 1875 (n. syn.); Pseudophasma annulipes (Redtenbacher, 1906) is synonymised with Pseudophasma blanchardi (Westwood, 1859) (n. syn.); Ignacia appendiculatum (Kirby, 1904) is synonymised with Anarchodes atrophicus (Pallas, 1772) (n. syn.). Isagoras obscurum Guérin-Méneville, 1838 is shown to have been erroneously synonymised with Isagoras rugicollis (Gray, 1835) and is here re-established as a valid species (rev. stat.). Pseudophasma castaneum (Bates, 1865) is re-established as a valid species here (rev. stat.). Paraprisopus Redtenbacher, 1906 and the entire tribe Paraprisopodini are transferred to Pseudophasmatidae: Pseudophasmatinae (n. comb.). Lectotypes are designated for Perliodes grisescens Redtenbacher, 1906, Isagoras plagiatus Redtenbacher, 1906.Neotypes are designated for Agrostia cinerea (Olivier, 1792), Prexaspes ambiguus (Stoll, 1813), Prisopus horridus (Gray, 1835) and Prisopus sacratus (Olivier, 1792).

Este texto analisa o pensamento educacional de Antonio Gramsci (1891-1937) sobre a organização escolar italiana entre os anos de 1922 e 1932, contextualiza historicamente as análises gramscianas e demarca o amadurecimento de suas ideias apresentadas nos Quaderni del carcere. Gramsci analisou a reforma educacional do Estado fascista, conhecida como Reforma Gentile (1922-1923), e apontou que ela se voltava à manutenção dos privilégios culturais de um grupo sobre os demais, impedindo o acesso dos subalternos à universidade e à cultura humanista. Promovida por Giovanni Gentile (1875-1944) e Giuseppe Lombardo-Radice (1879-1938), a organização escolar italiana era tida como democrática, pois ampliava a oferta do Ensino Profissionalizante e permitia o ingresso dos subalternos no mercado de trabalho. No Caderno 12, Gramsci (2007) criticou a organização escolar italiana e seu caráter aparentemente democrático e propôs a criação de uma escola única, formadora da cultura geral, humanista, filosófica e desinteressada na formação imediata do trabalhador.

The genus Melanophryniscus Gallardo, 1961 currently comprises 25 recognized species (Frost 2012) arranged in three (Cruz & Caramaschi 2003) to four species groups (Cespedez & Motte 2001, quoted by Maneyro et al. 2008) on the basis of morphological characters. The Melanophryniscus stelzneri species group currently contains nine species, i.e. M. atroluteus (Miranda-Ribeiro, 1920), M. cupreuscapularis Céspedez & Alvarez, 2000, M. dorsalis (Mertens, 1933), M. fulvoguttatus (Mertens, 1937), M. klappenbachi Prigioni & Langone, 2000, M. krauczuki Baldo & Basso, 2004, M. montevidensis (Philippi, 1902), M. rubriventris (Vellard, 1947), and M. stelzneri (Weyenbergh, 1875). So far, advertisement calls of only four of these species have been described, i.e. those of M. atroluteus, M. dorsalis, M. krauczuki, and M. montevidensis (Kwet et al. 2005, Baldo & Basso 2004). Herein, we describe the courtship call and distress call of M. klappenbachi and compare it with the calls of other members of the group (for definitions of the respective call types see below).

There are currently only eleven species of Quasipaa (Anura: Dicroglossidae) distributed in southern and southwestern China to central Vietnam, southeastern Thailand, and southwestern Cambodia and presumably also in Laos (Frost 2020). Eight species of Quasipaa are currently known in China: Q. boulengeri (Günther 1889), Q. courtoisi (Angel 1922), Q. exilispinosa (Liu & Hu 1975), Q. jiulongensis (Huang & Liu 1985), Q. shini (Ahl 1930), Q. spinosa (David 1875), Q. yei (Chen, Qu, and Jiang 2002), and Q. verrucospinosa (Bourret 1937). The first seven species are endemic to China (AmphibiaChina 2020). These species have similar morphological traits and are capable of introgressive hybridization between the closely related species of this genus(Zhang et al. 2018). Despite the detailed acoustic analysis that is available to identify a variety of species and is beneficial to the study of anuran taxonomy (e.g., Microhyla species; Chen et al. 2020), advertisement calls have only been reported in detail for Q. spinosa (Yu & Zheng 2009; Chen et al. 2012; Shen et al. 2015) and Q. shini (Kong et al. 2016), whereas the call for Q. exilispinosa was briefly described from observations in captivity (Voitel 2000).

A Hungarian writer who became a prominent public figure in the Horthy era, Cécile Tormay’s (1875-1937) fame and success was principally due to her memoir, Bujdosó könyv [‘The Hiding Book’], a work published in 1920-21 that depicts the two Hungarian revolutions following World War I. This popular work enjoyed several editions during the interwar period and was translated into English and French for propaganda purposes. After World War II, Bujdosó könyv was among the first works banned by Hungarian authorities for its anti-Semitism. Hailed as the most notable female author of the interwar period, Tormay’s name rose anew after the fall of socialism in 1989. Fueled by the official biography written two years after her death in the Horthy era by the conservative professor of literature, János Hankiss, a revival in the cult surrounding Tormay’s work has taken place in recent years. Hankiss portrayed Tormay as a woman of Hungarian noble descent whose deeds were motivated by sheer patriotism. This paper contends that Cécile Tormay was embraced by the interwar elite for her active role in the counter-revolutionary conspiracy against the First Hungarian Republic.

From 8-12 August 1914, the British Association for the Advancement of Science, meeting in Australia, descended on Adelaide. The meeting included delegates from a dozen overseas countries, including many from the United Kingdom. Amongst the visiting geologists were Arthur Philemon Coleman (1852-1939) and William Morris Davis (1850-1934), Rollin Thomas Chamberlin (1881-1948) and John Walter Gregory (1864-1932), Albrecht Penck (1858-1945) and Johannes Walther (1860-1937), Alexander du Toit (1878-1948) and Hartley Travers Ferrar (1879-1932), George William Lamplugh (1859-1926) and Sydney Hugh Reynolds (1867-1949), as well as the home-based T. W. Edgeworth David (1858-1934) and Ernest Willington Skeats (1875-1953). The proceedings created immense public interest and brought science to the people in a way never before achieved in Australia. That the meeting proceeded at all is a tribute to the Australian Government, the Association, and the conference organisers, as well as the participants, for the First World War had been declared only a few days before the meeting. The interactions between the home population and the delegates, and between delegates, provide an enlightening commentary on the values and standards of our world almost a century ago.

A taxonomic and biogeographic review of thirteen species of Encephalus Stephens 1832 and Gyrophaena Mannerheim 1830 (Aleocharinae: Gyrophaenina) of Middle Asia, with an emphasis on the fauna of Kazakhstan is provided. Gyrophaena (s.str.) aryanamensis Enushchenko, sp. nov. from Tajikistan and Kyrgyzstan, and G. (s.str.) hochhuthi Bernhauer 1908 are re-(described) and illustrated. Several synonymies are established: Encephalus (s.str.) angusticollis Sahlberg 1880 = E. solskyi Heyden 1880 (replacement name of E. kraatzi Solsky 1875; not synonym of G. nitidula (Gyllenhal 1810)), resyn., = E. torosus Eppelsheim 1893, syn. nov.; G. (s.str.) affinis Mannerheim 1830 = G. glareicola Pace 2010, syn. nov., = G. kangasi Rutanen 1994, syn. nov., = G. ranongensis Pace 2005, syn. nov., = G. rosskotheni Wüsthoff 1937, syn. nov. Illustrations of habitus and sexual characters of E. angusticollis are provided. A key to the species of Gyrophaena of the laetula group of Kazakhstan is given. Several members of Gyrophaenina are recorded for the first time: E. angusticollis, G. (s.str.) bihamata Thomson 1867, G. (s.str.) congrua Erichson 1837, G. (s.str.) joyi Wendeler 1924, G. (s.str.) obsoleta Ganglbauer 1895, G. (Phaenogyra) strictula Erichson 1839 from Kazakhstan and Middle Asia, and G. (s.str.) hochhuthi from Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, and China.

Piculus chrysochloros (Vieillot 1818) is a species of woodpecker that ranges from Argentina to Panama, occurring in lowland forests as well as Cerrado, Caatinga and Chaco vegetation. Currently, nine subspecies are accepted, but no study has evaluated individual variation within populations, so the status of these taxa remains uncertain. Here we review the taxonomy and distribution of this species, based on morphological and morphometric data from 267 specimens deposited in ornithological collections. Our results suggest the existence of six unambiguous taxonomic units that can be treated as phylogenetic species: Piculus xanthochloros (Sclater & Salvin 1875), from northwestern South America; Piculus capistratus (Malherbe 1862), from northern Amazonia west to the Branco River; Piculus laemostictus Todd 1937, from southern Amazonia; Piculus chrysochloros (Vieillot 1818), from the Cerrado, Caatinga and Chaco; Piculus paraensis (Snethlage 1907) from the Belém Center of Endemism; and Piculus polyzonus (Valenciennes 1826) from the Atlantic Forest. Both Brazilian endemics (P. polyzonus and P. paraensis) are threatened due to habitat loss. In addition, we found one undescribed form from the Tapajós-Tocantins interfluve, now under study, that may prove to be a valid species once more specimens and other data become available.

The genus Quasipaa (Family Dicroglossidae) is currently composed of 11 species distributed in China and Southeast Asia: Quasipaa acanthophora (Dubois & Ohler 2009), Q. boulengeri (Günther 1889), Q. courtoisi (Angel 1922), Q. delacouri (Angel 1928), Q. exilispinosa (Liu & Hu, 1975), Q. fasciculispina (Inger 1970), Q. jiulongensis (Huang & Liu, 1985), Q. shini (Ahl 1930), Q. spinosa (David 1875), Q. verrucospinosa (Bourret 1937), Q. yei (Chen, Qu & Jiang 2002) (Frost 2016). These species are morphologically similar, and their taxonomy is subject to controversy (Che et al. 2009). Analyses of nuclear and mitochondrial genes suggest the genus likely encompass additional cryptic species (Ye et al. 2013). Bioacoustics has contributed to studies on the taxonomy of the genus (Ye et al. 2013; Shen et al. 2015), however, to date, only the advertisement calls of Q. spinosa are known (Yu & Zheng 2009; Chen et al. 2012; Shen et al. 2015). Here, we describe the advertisement calls of Q. shini, which inhabits streams in the southern part of central China(Guizhou, Hunan, Guangxi and Jiangxi) and is characterized by the presence of keratinized skin spines on the lateral surfaces of the body.

The article provides the list of Lepidoptera (the families: Cossidae, Coleophoridae, Choreutidae, Ethmiidae, Pterophoridae, Pyralidae, Crambidae, Lemoniidae, Lasiocampidae, Drepanidae, Geometridae, Sphingidae, Erebidae, Noctuidae, Lycaenidae, Nymphalidae, Pieridae), collected in four localities in the Republic of Dagestan in September 2020. In total, 207 species have been recorded. Five species are reported for the fauna of Russia for the first time: Casignetella texanella (Chambers, 1878) (Coleophoridae), Agriphila cyrenaicellus (Ragonot, 1887), Thyridiphora furia (Swinhoe, 1884), Haritalodes derogata (Fabricius, 1775) (Crambidae), and Scopula minorata (Boisduval, 1833) (Geometridae); 23 species - for the fauna of Eastern Caucasus: Perygra glaucicolella (Wood, 1892), Ecebalia halophilella (Zimmermann, 1926), E. linosyris (E. Hering, 1937), Ionescumia clypeiferella (O. Hofmann, 1871), Carpochena trientella (Christpoh, 1872) (Coleophoridae), Tebenna micalis (Mann, 1857) (Choreutidae), Ethmia candidella (Alpheraky, 1908) (Ethmiidae), Stenoptilia zophodactyla (Duponchel, 1838), Stenoptilodes taprobanes (Felder & Rogenhofer, 1875), Crombrugghia laetus (Zeller, 1847) (Pterophoridae), Glyptoteles leucacrinella Zeller, 1848, Cadra calidella (Guenée, 1845), (Pyralidae), Agriphila selasella (Hübner, [1813]), Agriphila tolli (Bleszynski, 1952), Agriphila poliellus (Treitschke, 1832), Pediasia contaminella (Hübner, 1796), Pediasia fascelinella (Hübner, [1813]), Uresiphita gilvata (Fabricius, 1794), Antigastra catalaunalis (Duponchel, 1833) (Crambidae), Watsonalla binaria (Hufnagel, 1767) (Drepanidae), Idaea degeneraria erschoffi (Christoph, 1872), Scopula nigropunctata (Hufnagel, 1767), and Rhodometra sacraria (Linnaeus, 1767) (Geometridae).

Osobni fond Antuna Hrvatina (HR-DAPA-904 Antun Hrvatin: 1905/1937 [1945/1946]) pisana je ostavština mještanina sela Kašćerga i naselja Ukotići, nastala u rasponu od pedesetak godina u prvoj polovici 20. stoljeća. U tom se fondu nalaze dvije njegove bilježnice u koje je unosio zapise o svojoj osobnoj povijesti i povijesti Kašćerge. Autobiografsko-kroničarski zapisi prve bilježnice (HR-DAPA-904/1.1. Kronika (1891-1913)), koji obuhvaćaju razdoblje od 1875. do 1913. godine, temom su ovoga članka. Riječ je, dakle, o pismenom i u svoje vrijeme uglednom seljaku, koji u prijelomnom trenutku svoga života, postavši udovcem i samohranim roditeljem višečlane obitelji, u manjoj mjeri progovara o svom i životu svoje obitelji te puno detaljnije o zbivanjima važnim za život seoske zajednice kojoj je pripadao. Njegovo početno autobiografsko pripovijedanje, potaknuto osobnim životnim gubitkom, smrću supruge, koji je očigledno obilježio i zaključio jedno životno razdoblje, biva upotpunjeno kroničarskim svjedočenjem i bilježenjem zbivanja koja su se doticala šire zajednice čiji je on bio sužitelj i suvremenik. Javno se djelovanje Antuna Hrvatina nije odvijalo obnašanjem istaknutih/značajnih funkcija u političkom, društvenom, vjerskom, gospodarskom ili bilo kojem drugom aspektu života Kašćerge. Premda je imao zaduženje oko vođenja aktivnosti u svezi s izgradnjom dijela ceste Kašćerga – Zamask, u okviru svoga društvenog angažmana, te usto i zaduženje crkvenoga ključara, on nije bio osoba čije je djelovanje ostavilo traga u stručnoj ili znanstvenoj literaturi koja je obrađivala modernu povijest Istre. Objavljivanjem dijela njegove ostavštine, ponuđena je i otvorena mogućnost povjesničarima, osobito onima koji se bave poviješću seoskih zajednica odnosno mikropoviješću, da vrednovanjem individualnoga i pojedinačnog analiziraju kompleksne odnose istarskoga društva s kraja 19. i početka 20. stoljeća.

The World species of the genus Tachyusa, Erichson are revised and the genus is redefined. Tachyusilla and Tachyusota are placed in synonymy with Tachyusa. The revised Tachyusa includes 53 species, 16 of which are described as new: T. americanoides sp. n., T. bertiae sp. n., T. coarctatoides sp. n., T. hammondi sp. n., T. harbinica sp. n., T. krugeri sp. n., T. loebli sp. n., T. mindoroensis sp. n., T. nilensis sp. n., T. pseudosulciventris sp. n., T. riftensis sp. n., T. schawalleri sp. n., T. schillhammeri sp. n., T. smetanai sp. n., T. testacea sp. n. and T. turcica sp. n. The following new synonymies are proposed (each first name being valid): Tachyusa nitella Fauvel, 1895 = Tachyusa jonica Scheerpeltz, 1958, syn. nov., T. arida Casey, 1906 = T. ohioana Casey, 1911, syn. n.; T. elegans Cameron, 1939 = T. singalorum Pace, 1987, syn. n.; T. nitidula Mulsant & Rey, 1875 = T. iberica Fagel, 1957, syn. n.; T. obsoleta Casey, 1906 = T. pruinosa Casey, 1906, syn. n., = T. dakotana Casey, 1906, syn. n., = T. subaluatacea Casey, 1906, syn. n., = T. parviceps Casey, 1906, syn. n., = T. missouriana Casey, 1906, syn. n., = T. illini Casey, 1906, syn. n.; T. orientis Bernhauer, 1938 = T. reitteri Bernhauer, 1938, syn. n., = T. chinensis Pace, 1990, syn. n.; T. wei Pace, 1990 = T. hebeiensis Pace, 1998, syn. n. The following synonymies are confirmed: T. americana Casey, 1906 = T. meraca Casey, 1911, = T. silvatica Casey, 1911; T. balteata Erichson, 1839 = T. balteata elongata Kolenati, 1846; T. cavicollis LeConte, 1863 = T. carolinae Casey, 1906; T. coarctata Erichson, 1837 = T. coarctata cyanea Kraatz, 1856; T. faceta Casey, 1885 = T. vespertina Casey, 1906, = T. vaciva Casey, 1911; T. ferialis Erichson, 1839 = T. bicolor Mulsant & Rey, 1875; T. gracillima LeConte, 1863 = T. smithi Casey, 1906, = T. virginica Casey, 1911; T. nitidula Mulsant & Rey, 1875 = T. ventralis Fauvel, 1898; T. schuberti Jacobson, 1909 = T. bicolor Schubert, 1906, nom. preoc. A neotype is designated for Tachyusa nitella Fauvel, 1895. Both Tachyusa impressa Eppelsheim, 1877 and T. flavolimbata Eppelsheim, 1877, previously considered junior synonyms of T. agilis Baudi, 1869, and T. concinna Heer, 1838, previously considered a junior synonym of T. coarctata Erichson, 1937, are recognised as valid. All species are briefly described/redescribed and illustrated. An identification key to the World species of Tachyusa is provided. A phylogeny of fifty-three species belonging to the genus Tachyusa is proposed, based on fifty-six morphological characters. Cladistic analysis revealed the monophyly of the genus with two major clades.

Ovaj smo rad pripremile kako bi poslužio kao uvodni tekst tri članka koja slijede u ovom broju Vjesnika istarskog arhiva, a naslova su: »Rodjen sam u Kašćergi…. Autobiografsko kroničarski zapis Antuna Hrvatina (1875. – 1913.)«, »Pisma Ivana Aničića (Zlovečere) Antunu Flegi (1910. – 1913.)« i »Righe na duši pravom arhivu«. U ta su tri članka pored uvodnih objašnjena uvršteni prijepisi autobiografsko-kroničarskih zapisa te preslici fotografija, tiskovina i fragmenata nastalih mahom u prva dva desetljeća 20. stoljeća i pohranjenih u dva osobna fonda (HR-DAPA-904 Antun Hrvatin: 1905/1937 [1945/1946] i HRDAPA- 925 Katarina Šćuka Kukec: 1905/1989) i Zbirci pisama DAPA (HR-DAPA-899/7 Zbirka Pisama (1824/1913). Pisma Ivana Aničića Antunu Flegi (1910/1913)). Riječ je o ostavštinama Antuna Flege i Katarine Šćuka-Kukec, koji su ih osobno predali u pohranu ondašnjem Historijskom arhivu u Pazinu, odnosno DAPA, te o pisanoj ostavštini Antuna Hrvatina koju su mu unuci kao nasljedstvo predali Historijskom arhivu u Pazinu. Nakon uvoda se u radu objašnjava zajednički kontekst navedenog gradiva s obzirom na različite stvaratelje te značaj tih primopredaja i u arhivskom i u osobnom kontekstu. Sve tri biografski kontekstualizirane primopredaje jasno pokazuju kako je DAPA u slučajevima preuzimanja takvih ostavština »malih ljudi« preuzeo ne samo dužnosti skrbnika njihove materijalne ostavštine, nego je zadobio i povjerenje takvih stvaratelja ili njihovih nasljednika kao pouzdan čuvar i posrednik osobnih životnih priča.

The Udea species (currently six) present in the Afrotropical realm are revised based on adults. Phlyctaenia epicoena Meyrick, 1937 syn. nov. is found to be identical with U. ferrugalis (Hübner, 1796). Udea delineatalis (Walker in Melliss 1875) and U. hageni Viette, 1952 are redescribed. In addition, five species of Udea are described as new to science: U. kirinyaga Mally sp. nov. from Mount Kenya in Kenya, U. nicholsae Mally sp. nov., U. meruensis Mally sp. nov. and U. momella Mally sp. nov., all three from Mount Meru in Tanzania, and U. namaquana Karisch & Mally sp. nov. from South Africa. A phylogenetic analysis based on morphological data and mitochondrial COI as well as the nuclear wingless gene, where available, places the new species in the U. ferrugalis species group, which also comprises U. ferrugalis as well as U. delineatalis from the oceanic island of St. Helena. Another island endemic, Udea hageni from Tristan da Cunha, is found to be a member of the U. numeralis group, as sister to U. numeralis. An additional synapomorphic character of the genitalia is recognised for the U. ferrugalis group. Udea infuscalis (Zeller, 1852) and U. melanostictalis (Hampson in Poulton 1916) are misplaced in Udea and transferred to Pyraustinae, as Lirabotys infuscaliscomb. nov. and Achyra melanostictaliscomb. nov., respectively. Adults, tympanic organs, and genitalia of both sexes, where available, are illustrated. A checklist summarises the now eight Afrotropical Udea species.

The following new synonymies are established: Acrodactyla iliensis Sheng & Bian 1996 = Acrodactyla lachryma Pham, Broad, Matsumoto & Böhme 2012, syn. nov.; Euceros Gravenhorst 1829 = Lentocerus Dong & Naito 1999, syn. nov.; Euceros pruinosus (Gravenhorst 1829) = Lentocerus dentatus Dong & Naito 1999, syn. nov.; Euceros sensibus Uchida 1930 = Lentocerus lijiangensis Dong & Naito 1999, syn. nov.; Gyroneuron Kokujev 1901 = Cyclophatnus Cameron 1910, syn. nov.; Gyroneuron flavum (Cameron 1910) = Gyroneuron testaceator Watanabe 1934, syn. nov.; Liotryphon strobilellae (Linnaeus 1758) = Townesia qinghaiensis He 1996, syn. nov. The following are new combinations: Aleiodes insignis (Brues 1926), Aleiodes lateralis (Cameron 1905), Aleiodes maculicornis (Brues 1926), Aleiodes siccitesta (Morley 1937), Cyclophatnus flavum (Cameron 1910), Rhaconotus striatulus (Cameron 1909), Tolonus cingulatorius (Morley 1912), Zatypota tropica (Morley 1912). Netelia morleyi Townes, Townes & Gupta 1961 is transferred from the subgenus Netelia Gray 1860 to the subgenus Paropheltes Cameron 1907. One new replacement name is proposed: Aleiodes philippinensis nom. nov. for Rhogas lateralis Baker 1917, nec Troporhogas lateralis Cameron 1905. Lectotypes are designated for Antrusa persimilis Nixon 1954, Rhyssalus striatulus Cameron 1909, Troporhogas trimaculata Cameron 1905, Hemiteles cingulatorius Morley 1912, Paniscus ferrugineus Cameron 1889 and for Xanthojoppa inermis Morley 1917. Some previously overlooked type specimens are interpreted and illustrated and some errors in the literature corrected. Hosts are recorded for two genera of Ichneumoninae for the first time: Catadelphops nasutus (Heinrich 1962) was reared from Proserpinus terlooii (Edwards 1875) (Lepidoptera: Sphingidae) in the USA, and Aethianoplis excavata (Roman 1910) was reared from Precis octavia (Cramer 1777) (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae) in Uganda.

Abstract Materials from topographic surveys had a serious impact on the labels on the maps that were based on these surveys. Collecting toponyms and information that were to be placed as labels on a final map, was an additional duty the survey officers were tasked with. Regulations concerning labels were included in survey manuals issued by the Austro-Hungarian Militärgeographisches Institut in Vienna and the Polish Wojskowy Instytut Geograficzny in Warsaw. The analyzed Austro-Hungarian regulations date from the years 1875, 1887, 1894, 1903 (2nd ed.). The oldest manual was issued during the Third Military Survey of Austria-Hungary (1:25,000) and regulated the way it was conducted (it is to be supposed that the issued manual was mainly a collection of regulations issued prior to the survey launch). The Third Survey was the basis for the 1:75,000 Spezialkarte map. The other manuals regulated the field revisions of the survey. The analyzed Polish manuals date from the years 1925, 1936, and 1937. The properties of the labels resulted from the military purpose of the maps. The geographical names’ function was to facilitate land navigation whereas other labels were meant to provide a military map user with information that could not be otherwise transmitted with standard map symbols. A concern for not overloading the maps with labels is to be observed in the manuals: a survey officer was supposed to conduct a preliminary generalization of geographical names. During a survey both an Austro-Hungarian and a Polish survey officer marked labels on a separate “label sheet”. The most important difference between the procedures in the two institutes was that in the last stage of work an Austro-Hungarian officer transferred the labels (that were to be placed on a printed map) from the “label sheet” to the hand-drawn survey map, which made a cartographer not responsible for placing them in the right places. In the case of the Polish institute the labels remained only on the “label sheets”.

Pamela Beth Radcliff, From Mobilisation to Civil War: The Politics of Polarisation in the Spanish City of Gijón, 1900–1937 (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1996), 354 pp., £40, ISBN 0–521–56213–9.Carolyn Boyd, Historia Patria: Politics, History, and National Identity in Spain, 1875–1975 (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1997), 358 pp., $49.50, £35.00, ISBN 0–691–02656–4.Sebastian Balfour, The End of the Spanish Empire 1898–1923 (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1997), 269 pp., £35.00, ISBN 0–198–20507–4.Clare Mar-Molinero and Angel Smith, eds., Nationalism and the Nation in the Iberian Peninsula: Competing and Conflicting Identities (Oxford/Washington, DC: Berg, 1996), 281 pp., £34.95, pb £14.95, ISBN 1–859–73175–9.Michael Richards, A Time of Silence: Civil War and the Culture of Repression in Franco's Spain, 1936–1945 (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1998), 314 pp., £40.00, $59.95, ISBN 0–521–59401–4.Gerald Howson, Arms for Spain: the Untold Story of the Spanish Civil War (London: John Murray, 1998), 354 pp., £25, ISBN 0–719–55556–6.During the long years of Francoism, Spanish historiography was dominated by a search for explanation. Against the regime's triumphalist account of the ‘essential’ Spain – resurgent in the form of the victorious general's authoritarian, confessional state – exiled intellectuals such as Claudio Sánchez-Albornoz and Américo Castro posed questions about the ‘problem’ of Spain, looking to the country's past to explain the political violence of the present. For those who won the Civil War of 1936–39, Spain's national destiny was to remain true to the imperial, Catholic legacy of the Habsburg monarchy. Eschewing modern ‘decadence’ and the false paths of secularism and democracy, Spain was to remain, according to Franco, the ‘spiritual reserve of the west’. Such a vision of history, in Mike Richards's words, ‘appropriated time itself in acknowledging no distinctions between past, present and future’ (Mar-Molinero and Smith, p. 152). To Francoist ideologues, both history and the nation were understood in terms of providential destiny: once understood, the national destiny would prove immutable.

The genus Sitticus Simon, 1901 sensu lato is revised and split into new genera Sittiab gen. n., Sittiflor gen. n., Sittilong gen. n., Sittisax gen. n., which join existing already Attulus Simon, 1889 sensu novo, Jollas Simon, 1901, Sitticus Simon, 1901 sensu stricto, and Sittipub Prószyński, 2016, based on interpretation of taxonomic data from a number of publications of the Author, on the background of world's literature synthesized in Prószyński (2016a, b) available at http://www.peckhamia.com/salticidae/Subfamilies/, and http://www.peckhamia.com/salticidae/.The following new synonyms and combinations are established, or clarified. Attus viduus Kulczyński, 1895 (removed from synonymy of A. distinguendus) = Attulus avocator (O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1885) comb. n., Jollas armatus (Bryant, 1943) = "Oningis" armatus Bryant, 1943b - retransfer of misplaced species, belonging to EUOPHRYINES, Jollas crassus (Bryant, 1943) = "Oningis" crassus Bryant, 1943 - retransfer of misplaced species, belonging to EUOPHRYINES, Jollas lahorensis (Dyal, 1935) (nomen dubium) = "Oningis" lahorensis Dyal, 1935 - unrecognizable species, should be listed as nomen dubium in its original combination, Sitticus absolutus (Gertsch, Mulaik, 1936) = Sittiab absolutus (Gertsch & Mulaik, 1936) comb. n., Sitticus ammophilus (Thorell, 1875) = Attulus ammophilus (Thorell, 1875) comb. n., Sitticus ansobicus Andreeva, 1976 = Attulus ansobicus (Andreeva, 1976) comb. n., Sitticus atricapillus (Simon, 1882) = Sittiflor atricapillus (Simon, 1882) comb. n., Sitticus avocator (Pickard-Cambridge O., 1885) = Attulus avocator (Pickard-Cambridge O., 1885) comb. n., Sitticus burjaticus Danilov & Logunov, 1993 = Attulus burjaticus (Danilov & Logunov, 1993) comb. n., Sitticus caricis (Westring, 1861) = Sittiflor caricis (Westring, 1861) comb. n., Sitticus clavator Schenkel, 1936 = Attulus clavator (Schenkel, 1936) comb. n., Sitticus concolor: Maddison, 1996 (nomen dubium) = Sittiab cursor (Barrows, 1919) comb. n., Sitticus cursor (Barrows, 1919) = Sittiab cursor (Barrows, 1919) comb. n., Sitticus cutleri Prószynski, 1980 = Sittiflor cutleri (Prószynski, 1980) comb. n., Sitticus damini (Chyzer & Kulczynski, 1891) = Attulus damini (Chyzer & Kulczynski, 1891) comb. n., Sitticus distinguendus (Simon, 1868) = Attulus distinguendus (Simon, 1868) comb. n., Sitticus dorsatus: Richman, 1979 (nomen dubium) = Sittiab absolutus Gertsch & Mulaik, 1936 comb. n., Sitticus dubatolovi Logunov & Rakov, 1998 = Attulus dubatolovi (Logunov & Rakov, 1998) comb. n., Sitticus dudkoi Logunov, 1998 = Sittiflor dudkoi (Logunov, 1998) comb. n., Sitticus dzieduszyckii (L. Koch, 1870) = Sittisax dzieduszyckii (L. Koch, 1870) comb. n., Sitticus floricola (Koch C.L., 1837) = Sittiflor floricola (Koch C.L., 1837) comb. n., Sitticus floricola palustris (Peckham & Peckham, 1883) = Sittiflor floricola palustris (Peckham & Peckham, 1883) comb. n., Sitticus goricus Ovtsharenko, 1978 = Attulus goricus (Ovtsharenko, 1978) comb. n., Sitticus inopinabilis Logunov, 1992 = Attulus inopinabilis (Logunov, 1992) comb. n., Sitticus inexpectus Logunov, Kronestedt, 1997 = Sittiflor inexpectus (Logunov, Kronestedt, 1997) comb. n., Sitticus juniperi Gertsch & Riechert, 1976 = Sittiab juniperi (Gertsch & Riechert, 1976) comb. n., Sitticus karakumensis Logunov, 1992 = Attulus karakumensis (Logunov, 1992) comb. n., Sitticus kazakhstanicus Logunov, 1992 = Attulus kazakhstanicus (Logunov, 1992) comb. n., Sitticus longipes (Canestrini, 1873) = Sittilong longipes (Canestrini, 1873) comb. n., Sitticus magnus Chamberlin, Ivie, 1944 = Sittiflor magnus (Chamberlin, Ivie, 1944) comb. n., Sitticus mirandus Logunov, 1993 =Attulus mirandus (Logunov, 1993) comb. n., Sitticus monstrabilis Logunov, 1992 = Sittiflor monstrabilis (Logunov, 1992), Sitticus nenilini Wesolowska, Logunov, 1993 = Attulus nenilini (Wesolowska, Logunov, 1993) comb. n., Sitticus niveosignatus (Simon, 1880) = Attulus niveosignatus (Simon, 1880) comb. n., Sitticus penicillatus (Simon, 1875) = Attulus penicillatus (Simon, 1875) comb. n., Sitticus penicilloides Wesolowska, 1981 =Attulus penicilloides (Wesolowska, 1981) comb. n., Sitticus pulchellus Logunov, 1992 = Sittiflor pulchellus (Logunov, 1992) comb. n., Sitticus ranieri (Peckham & Peckham, 1909) = Sittisax ranieri (Peckham & Peckham, 1909), Sitticus rivalis Simon, 1937 = Sittiflor striatus (Emerton, 1911) - reinstated synonym, contra Logunov, 2004 a: 35, Sitticus rupicola (Koch C.L., 1837) = Sittiflor rupicola (Koch C.L., 1837) comb. n., Sitticus saltator (Simon, 1868) = Attulus saltator (Simon, 1868) comb. n., Sitticus saxicola (C. L. Koch, 1846) = Sittisax saxicola (C. L. Koch, 1846) comb. n., Sitticus sinensis Schenkel, 1963 = Attulus sinensis (Schenkel, 1963) comb. n., Sitticus striatus Emerton, 1911 = Sittiflor striatus (Emerton, 1911) comb. n., Sitticus talgarensis Logunov & Wesolowska, 1993 = Attulus talgarensis (Logunov & Wesolowska, 1993) comb. n., Sitticus vilis (Kulczynski, 1895) =Attulus vilis (Kulczynski, 1895) comb. n., Sitticus zaisanicus Logunov, 1998 = Attulus zaisanicus (Logunov, 1998) comb. n., Sitticus zimmermanni (Simon, 1877) = Sittiflor zimmermanni (Simon, 1877).South American groups of species Sitticus leucoproctus and Sitticus palpalis are left temporarily within genus Sitticus pending further research. Pseudattulus kratochvili Caporiacco, 1955 (female only) = Sitticus cabellensis Prószyński, 1971 comb. reinstated = Sittisax cabellensis (Prószyński, 1971) comb. n.Referring to previous paper by Prószyński (2016c) I correct species synonym Myrmavola globosa (Wanless, 1978) = Toxeus globosus (Wanless, 1978), being a typing error.Also, I reconfirm hereby original genus placement of Emertonius exasperans Peckham & Peckham, 1892, as seconded by Prószyński & Deeleman-Reinhold, 2010: 164-167, figs 169-171 and documented at: http://www.peckhamia.com/salticidae/q24-Emer.html, dismissed by the World Spider Catalog, ver. 2016 with incompetent comment.Misplacement in Sitticus s.l. detected: Sitticus taiwanensis Peng X. & Li S., 2002, Sitticus wuae Peng X. & Tso I., Li S., 2002 – correction pending further research.

A list of available taxonomic names in Curculionidae: Scolytinae and Platypodinae in familyand genus-groups is given, together with some remarks on unavailable nominal taxa. Comments are provided on their status and nomenclature, and additions and corrections to extant catalogues given, as a first step for their inclusion in the electronic catalogue ‘WTaxa’. Available names, not recognised as such in current published catalogues, are: Mecopelminae Thompson, 1992; Trypodendrina Nunberg, 1954; Archaeoscolytus Butovitsch, 1929; Camptocerus Dejean, 1821; Coccotrypes Eichhoff, 1878 (April); Coptogaster Illiger, 1804; Cosmoderes Eichhoff, 1878 (April); Cryptoxyleborus Wood & Bright, 1992; Cylindra Illiger, 1802; Dendrochilus Schedl, 1963; Dendrocranulus Schedl, 1938; Doliopygus Browne, 1962; Doliopygus Schedl, 1972; Erioschidias Wood, 1960; Ernopocerus Wood, 1954; Idophelus Rye, 1877; Lepicerus Eichhoff, 1878 (April); Lepidocerus Rye, 1880; Miocryphalus Schedl, 1963; Ozopemon Hagedorn, 1910; Phloeoditica Schedl, 1963; Pinetoscolytus Butovitsch, 1929; Pycnarthrum Eichhoff, 1878 (April); Pygmaeoscolytus Butovitsch, 1929; Scolytogenes Eichhoff, 1878 (April); Spinuloscolytus Butovitsch, 1929; Stephanopodius Schedl, 1963; Stylotentus Schedl, 1963; Thamnophthorus Blackman, 1942; Trachyostus Browne, 1962; Treptoplatypus Schedl, 1972; Triarmocerus Eichhoff, 1878 (April); Trypodendrum Agassiz, 1846; Tubuloscolytus Butovitsch, 1929; Xelyborus Schedl, 1939. Unavailable names, not recognised as such in the current published catalogues, are: Chaetophloeini Schedl, 1966; Eidophelinae Murayama, 1954; Mecopelmini Wood, 1966; Strombophorini Schedl, 1960; Tomicidae Shuckard, 1840; Trypodendrinae Trédl, 1907; Acryphalus Tsai & Li, 1963; Adryocoetes Schedl, 1952; Asetus Nunberg, 1958; Carphoborites Schedl, 1947; Charphoborites Schedl, 1947; Cryptoxyleborus Schedl, 1937; Cylindrotomicus Eggers, 1936; Damicerus Dejean, 1835; Damicerus Dejean, 1836; Dendrochilus Schedl, 1957; Dendrocranulus Schedl, 1937; Doliopygus Schedl, 1939; Erioschidias Schedl, 1938; Ernopocerus Balachowsky, 1949; Gnathotrichoides Blackman, 1931; Ipites Karpiński, 1962; Isophthorus Schedl, 1938; Jugocryphalus Tsai & Li, 1963; Landolphianus Schedl, 1950; Mesopygus Nunberg, 1966; Micraciops Schedl, 1953; Miocryphalus Schedl, 1939; Mixopygus Nunberg, 1966; Neohyorrhynchus Schedl, 1962; Neophloeotribus Eggers, 1943; Neopityophthorus Schedl, 1938; Neoxyleborus Wood, 1982; Phloeoditica Schedl, 1962; Platypinus Schedl, 1939; Platyscapulus Schedl, 1957; Platyscapus Schedl, 1939; Pygodolius Nunberg, 1966; Scutopygus Nunberg, 1966; Stephanopodius Schedl, 1941; Stylotentus Schedl, 1939; Taphrostenoxis Schedl, 1965; Tesseroplatypus Schedl, 1935; Thamnophthorus Schedl, 1938; Thylurcos Schedl, 1939; Trachyostus Schedl, 1939; Treptoplatus Schedl, 1939. The name Tesseroceri Blandford, 1896, incorrectly given as “Tesserocerini genuini” in current catalogues, is unavailable as basionym for the family-group name, since it was proposed as a genusgroup name. Resurrected names from synonymy are: Hexacolini Eichhoff, 1878 from synonymy under Ctenophorini Chapuis, 1869 (invalid name because its type genus is a homonym) and given precedence over Problechilidae Eichhoff, 1878 under Art. 24.2; Hylurgini Gistel, 1848 from virtual synonymy under Tomicini C.G. Thomson, 1859 (unavailable name); Afromicracis Schedl, 1959 from synonymy under Miocryphalus Schedl, 1939 (an unavailable name) to valid genus; Costaroplatus Nunberg, 1963 from synonymy under Platyscapulus Schedl, 1957 (an unavailable name) to valid genus; Cumatotomicus Ferrari, 1867 from synonymy under Ips DeGeer, 1775 to valid subgenus of the same; Hapalogenius Hagedorn, 1912 from synonymy under Rhopalopselion Hagedorn, 1909 to valid genus; Pseudips Cognato, 2000, from synonymy under Orthotomicus Ferrari, 1867 to valid genus. New synonyms are: Hexacolini Eichhoff, 1878 (= Erineophilides Hopkins, 1920, syn. nov.); Hypoborini Nuesslin, 1911 (= Chaetophloeini Schedl, 1966, unavailable name, syn. nov.); Scolytini Latreille, 1804 (= Minulini Reitter, 1913, syn. nov.); Afromicracis Schedl, 1959 (= Miocryphalus Schedl, 1963, syn. nov.); Aphanarthrum Wollaston, 1854 (= Coleobothrus Enderlein, 1929, syn. nov.); Coccotrypes Eichhoff, 1878 (April) (= Coccotrypes Eichhoff, 1878 (December), syn. nov.); Cosmoderes Eichhoff, 1878 (April) (= Cosmoderes Eichhoff, 1878 (December), syn. nov.); Cumatotomicus Ferrari, 1867 (=Emarips Cognato, 2001, syn. nov.); Doliopygus Browne, 1962 (=Doliopygus Schedl, 1972, syn. nov.); Eidophelus Eichhoff, 1875 (= Idophelus Rye, 1877, syn. nov.); Hapalogenius Hagedorn, 1912 (= Hylesinopsis Eggers, 1920, syn. nov.); Phloeoborus Erichson, 1836 (= Phloeotrypes Agassiz, 1846, syn. nov.); Pycnarthrum Eichhoff, 1878 (April) (= Pycnarthrum Eichhoff, 1878 (December), syn. nov.); Scolytogenes Eichhoff, 1878 (April) (= Scolytogenes Eichhoff, 1878 (December) = Lepicerus Eichhoff, 1878 (December) = Lepidocerus Rye, 1880, synn. nov.); Trypodendron Stephens, 1830 (=Xylotrophus Gistel, 1848 = Trypodendrum Gistel, 1856, synn. nov.); Xylechinus Chapuis, 1869 (= Chilodendron Schedl, 1953, syn. nov.); Cosmoderes monilicollis Eichhoff, 1878 (April) (= Cosmoderes monilicollis Eichhoff, 1878 (December), syn. nov.); Hylastes pumilus Mannerheim, 1843 (= Dolurgus pumilus Eichhoff, 1868, syn. nov.); Hypoborus hispidus Ferrari, 1867 (= Pycnarthrum gracile Eichhoff, 1878 (April) syn. nov.); Miocryphalus agnatus Schedl, 1939 (= Miocryphalus agnatus Schedl, 1942, syn. nov.); Miocryphalus congonus Schedl, 1939 (= Miocryphalus congonus Eggers, 1940, syn. nov.); Lepicerus aspericollis Eichhoff, 1878 (April) = Lepicerus aspericollis Eichhoff, 1878 (December), syn. nov.); Spathicranuloides moikui Schedl, 1972 (June) (= Spathicranuloides moikui Schedl, 1972 (December), syn. nov.); Triarmocerus cryphalo-ides Eichhoff, 1878 (April) (= Triarmocerus cryphaloides Eichhoff, 1878 (December), syn. nov.); Scolytogenes darvini Eichhoff, 1878 (April) (= Scolytogenes darwinii Eichhoff, 1878 (December), syn. nov.). New type species designations are: Bostrichus dactyliperda Fabricius, 1801 for Coccotrypes Eichhoff, 1878 (April); Triarmocerus cryphaloides Eichhoff, 1878 (April) for Triarmocerus Eichhoff, 1878 (April); Ozopemon regius Hagedorn, 1908 for Ozopemon Hagedorn, 1910 (non 1908); Dermestes typographus Linnaeus, 1758 for Bostrichus Fabricius, 1775 (non Geoffroy, 1762). New combinations are: Afromicracis agnata (Schedl, 1939), A. attenuata (Eggers, 1935), A. ciliatipennis (Schedl, 1979), A. congona (Schedl, 1939), A. dubia (Schedl, 1950), A. elongata (Schedl, 1965), A. grobleri (Schedl, 1961), A. klainedoxae (Schedl, 1957), A. longa (Nunberg, 1964), A. natalensis (Eggers, 1936), A. nigrina (Schedl, 1957), A. nitida (Schedl, 1965), A. pennata (Schedl, 1953) and A. punctipennis (Schedl, 1965) all from Miocryphalus; Costaroplatus abditulus (Wood, 1966), C. abditus (Schedl, 1936), C. carinulatus (Chapuis, 1865), C. clunalis (Wood, 1966), C. cluniculus (Wood, 1966), C. clunis (Wood, 1966), C. costellatus (Schedl, 1933), C. frontalis (Blandford, 1896), C. imitatrix (Schedl, 1972), C. manus (Schedl, 1936), C. occipitis (Wood, 1966), C. pulchellus (Chapuis, 1865), C. pulcher (Chapuis, 1865), C. pusillimus (Chapuis, 1865), C. subabditus (Schedl, 1935), C. turgifrons (Schedl, 1935) and C. umbrosus (Schedl, 1936) all from Platyscapulus; Hapalogenius africanus (Eggers, 1933), H. alluaudi (Lepesme, 1942), H. angolanus (Wood, 1988), H. angolensis (Schedl, 1959), H. arabiae (Schedl, 1975), H. atakorae (Schedl, 1951), H. ater (Nunberg, 1967), H. baphiae (Schedl, 1954), H. brincki (Schedl, 1957), H. confusus (Eggers, 1935), H. decellei (Nunberg, 1969), H. dimorphus (Schedl, 1937), H. dubius (Eggers, 1920), H. emarginatus (Nunberg, 1973), H. endroedyi (Schedl, 1967), H. fasciatus (Hagedorn, 1909), H. ficus (Schedl, 1954), H. fuscipennis (Chapuis, 1869), H. granulatus (Lepesme, 1942), H. hirsutus (Schedl, 1957), H. hispidus (Eggers, 1924), H. horridus (Eggers, 1924), H. joveri (Schedl, 1950), H. kenyae (Wood, 1986), H. oblongus (Eggers, 1935), H. orientalis (Eggers, 1943), H. pauliani (Lepesme, 1942), H. punctatus (Eggers, 1932), H. quadrituberculatus (Schedl, 1957), H. rhodesianus (Eggers, 1933), H. saudiarabiae (Schedl, 1971), H. seriatus (Eggers, 1940), H. squamosus (Eggers, 1936), H. striatus (Schedl, 1957), H. sulcatus Eggers, 1944), H. togonus (Eggers, 1919), H. ugandae (Wood, 1986) and H. variegatus (Eggers, 1936), all from Hylesinopsis. New ranks are: Diapodina Strohmeyer, 1914, downgraded from tribe of Tesserocerinae to subtribe of Tesserocerini; Tesserocerina Strohmeyer, 1914, downgraded from tribe of Tesserocerinae to subtribe of Tesserocerini. New placements are: Coptonotini Chapuis, 1869 from tribe of Coptonotinae to tribe of Scolytinae; Mecopelmini Thompson, 1992, from tribe of Coptonotinae to tribe of Platypodinae; Schedlariini Wood & Bright, 1992, from tribe of Coptonotinae to tribe of Platypodinae; Spathicranuloides Schedl, 1972, from Platypodinae s.l. to Tesserocerina; Toxophthorus Wood, 1962 from Scolytinae incertae sedis to Dryocoetini. Confirmed placements are: Onychiini Chapuis, 1869 to tribe of Cossoninae (including single genus Onychius Chapuis, 1869); Sciatrophus Sampson, 1914 in Cossoninae incertae sedis; Cryphalites Cockerell, 1917 in Zopheridae Colydiinae. Corrected spellings are: Micracidini LeConte, 1876 for Micracini; Phrixosomatini Wood, 1978 for Phrixosomini. Gender agreements are corrected for species of several genera.

The article reveals a typological similarity of the image system in a number of programmatic poems of Ivan kuratova, on the one hand, and a classic of Udmurt literature Kuzma Pavlovich Chainikova, widely known by the pseudonym Kusebay Gerd (1898-1937) on the other. Images of darkness enveloping everything around, the desire to dispel it, hopes for the sunrise, the life-giving power of the native word, song, poetry create a through emotional space of communication between two related peoples. Despite the difference in the time of the poets, the second of them seems to pick up the metaphor of the burning problems of modern society, revealing the unchanging faith of peoples in a better future.

RESUMENEl “triunfo del ultramontanismo” durante la edad contemporánea ha marcado la evolución del catolicismo de los últimos siglos, otorgando al Papa un mayor control sobre una Iglesia que ha mirado a Roma con el propósito de plegarse a las formas y disposiciones del sucesor de San Pedro. En España, esta evolución fue acompañada tanto de la vinculación de la identidad católica con la nacional como de la división entre los católicos en razón de los diferentes programas políticos desde la irrupción del liberalismo. Ambos fenómenos influyeron decisivamente en la pugna interna habida en el bando sublevado por la orientación del Estado que saliese de la Guerra Civil (1936-1939).El presente trabajo aborda, de modo comparativo, la celebración del “Día del Papa” durante los años de la Guerra Civil en la zona franquista, analizando cómo la fiesta fue orientada para la movilización popular y para fomentar la imagen de la adhesión al pontífice tanto fuera como dentro de España, con fines propagandísticos y políticos anteriores a los piadosos. La exaltación de la veneración del Papa contrastó con el desigual acatamiento de sus orientaciones y con los recelos hacia su actitud respecto de los contendientes. Palabras clave: “Día del Papa”, Pio XI, Ildebrando Antoniutti, Isidro GomáTopónimos: España, Santa SedePeriodo: Guerra Civil ABSTRACTThe “success of Ultramontanism” during the contemporary era has marked the evolution of Catholicism over the last few centuries, granting the Pope greater control over a Church looking to Rome with a view to submitting to the methods and the provisions of the heir of Saint Peter. In Spain, this evolution was accompanied by both the bond between Catholic and National identities and the division among Catholics over the different political agendas presented since the emergence of liberalism. Both phenomena had a decisive influence upon the internal struggle within the rebel faction with regard to the direction to be taken by the state in the wake of the Spanish Civil War (1936-1939).This work shows how the celebration of “Pope’s day” in the Francoist zone during the Spanish Civil War was not so much an expression of faith as a political and propaganda gesture to demonstrate support for the Pope within and beyond Spain. The call for exaltation of the Pope contrasted with unequal observance of his instructions and distrust of his attitude towards the warring parties. Keywords: “Pope’s day”, Pius XI, Ildebrando Antoniutti, Isidro Goma.Place names: Spain, Holy SeePeriod: Spanish Civil War REFERENCIASÁlvarez Bolado, A., Para ganar la guerra, para ganar la paz, Madrid, Pontificia Universidad de Comillas, 1995.Álvarez Junco, J., Mater Dolorosa. La idea de España en el siglo XIX, Madrid, Taurus, 2001.Andrés-Gallego, J. y Pazos, A. 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The genus Olios Walckenaer, 1837 is revised, a generic diagnosis is given and an identification key to eight species groups is provided. Olios in its revised sense includes 87 species and is distributed in Africa, southern Europe and Asia. Three species groups are revised in this first part, an identification key to species for each group is provided, five new species are described and all included species are illustrated. The Olios argelasius-group includes O. argelasius Walckenaer, 1806, O. canariensis (Lucas, 1838), O. pictus (Simon, 1885), O. fasciculatus Simon, 1880 and O. kunzi spec. nov. (male, female; Namibia, Zambia, South Africa); it is distributed in the Mediterranean region, northern Africa including Canary Islands, in the Middle East, South Sudan, East Africa, and southern Africa. The Olios coenobitus-group includes O. angolensis spec. nov. (male; Angola), O. coenobitus Fage, 1926, O. denticulus spec. nov. (male; Java), O. erraticus Fage, 1926, O. gambiensis spec. nov. (male, female; Gambia), O. milleti (Pocock, 1901b), O. mordax (O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1899) and O. pusillus Simon, 1880; it is distributed in Africa (Gambia, Angola, Tanzania, Madagascar) and Asia (India, Sri Lanka, Indonesia: Java). The Olios auricomis-group includes only O. auricomis (Simon, 1880), distributed in Africa south of 10°N. Other species groups are introduced briefly and will be revised in forthcoming revisions. The Olios correvoni-group includes currently O. claviger (Pocock, 1901a), O. correvoni Lessert, 1921, O. correvoni choupangensis Lessert, 1936, O. darlingi (Pocock, 1901a), O. faesi Lessert, 1933, O. freyi Lessert, 1929, O. kassenjicola Strand, 1916b, O. kruegeri (Simon, 1897a), O. quadrispilotus (Simon, 1880) comb. nov., O. lucieni comb. nov. nom. nov., O. sjostedti Lessert, 1921 and O. triarmatus Lessert, 1936; it is distributed in Africa (Zimbabwe, Tanzania incl. Zanzibar, Angola, Congo, Central Africa, South Africa, Botswana; O. darlingi was recorded from Zimbabwe and Botswana and not from South Africa). The Olios rossettii-group includes: O. baulnyi (Simon, 1874), O. bhattacharjeei (Saha & Raychaudhuri, 2007), O. brachycephalus Lawrence, 1938, O. floweri Lessert, 1921, O. jaldaparaensis Saha & Raychaudhuri, 2007, O. japonicus Jäger & Ono, 2000, O. kolosvaryi (Caporiacco, 1947b) comb. nov., O. longipes (Simon, 1884b), O. lutescens (Thorell, 1894), O. mahabangkawitus Barrion & Litsinger, 1995, O. obesulus (Pocock, 1901b), O. rossettii (Leardi, 1901), O. rotundiceps (Pocock, 1901b), O. sericeus (Kroneberg, 1875), O. sherwoodi Lessert, 1929, O. suavis (O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1876), O. tarandus (Simon, 1897d), O. tener (Thorell, 1891) and O. tiantongensis (Zhang & Kim, 1996); it is distributed in the Mediterranean region, in Africa (especially eastern half) and Asia (Middle East and Central Asia to Japan, Philippines and Java). The Olios nentwigi-group includes O. diao Jäger, 2012, O. digitatus Sun, Li & Zhang, 2011, O. jaenicke Jäger, 2012, O. muang Jäger, 2012, O. nanningensis (Hu & Ru, 1988), O. nentwigi spec. nov. (male, female; Indonesia: Krakatau), O. perezi Barrion & Litsinger, 1995, O. scalptor Jäger & Ono, 2001 and O. suung Jäger, 2012; it is distributed in Asia (Thailand, Laos, Vietnam, Cambodia, China, Taiwan, Indonesia, Philippines), Papua New Guinea and Mariana Islands. Olios diao is newly recorded from Cambodia and Champasak Province in Laos. The Olios stimulator-group includes O. admiratus (Pocock, 1901b), O. hampsoni (Pocock, 1901b), O. lamarcki (Latreille, 1806) and O. stimulator Simon, 1897c; it is distributed in Africa (Madagascar, Seychelles), Middle East and South Asia (United Arab Emirates, Iraq, Afghanistan, Pakistan, India, Maldives, Sri Lanka). The Olios hirtus-group includes O. bungarensis Strand, 1913b, O. debalae (Biswas & Roy, 2005), O. ferox (Thorell, 1892), O. hirtus (Karsch, 1879a), O. igraya (Barrion & Litsinger, 1995) comb. nov., O. menghaiensis (Wang & Zhang, 1990), O. nigrifrons (Simon, 1897b), O. punctipes Simon, 1884a, O. punctipes sordidatus (Thorell, 1895), O. pyrozonis (Pocock, 1901b), O. sungaya (Barrion & Litsinger, 1995) comb. nov., O. taprobanicus Strand, 1913b and O. tikaderi Kundu et al., 1999; it is distributed in South, East and Southeast Asia (Sri Lanka, India, Nepal, Bangladesh, Myanmar, China, Laos, Thailand, Cambodia, Vietnam, Malaysia, Indonesia, Philippines). Nineteen synonyms are recognised: Nisueta Simon, 1880, Nonianus Simon, 1885, both = Olios syn. nov.; O. spenceri Pocock, 1896, O. werneri (Simon, 1906a), O. albertius Strand, 1913a, O. banananus Strand, 1916a, O. aristophanei Lessert, 1936, all = O. fasciculatus; O. subpusillus Strand, 1907c = O. pusillus; O. schonlandi (Pocock, 1900b), O. rufilatus Pocock, 1900c, O. chiracanthiformis Strand, 1906, O. ituricus Strand, 1913a, O. isongonis Strand, 1915, O. flavescens Caporiacco, 1941 comb. nov., O. pacifer Lessert, 1921, all = O. auricomis; Olios sanguinifrons (Simon, 1906b) = O. rossettii Leardi, 1901; O. phipsoni (Pocock, 1899), Sparassus iranii (Pocock, 1901b), both = O. stimulator; O. fuligineus (Pocock, 1901b) = O. hampsoni. Nine species are transferred to Olios: O. gaujoni (Simon, 1897b) comb. nov., O. pictus comb. nov., O. unilateralis (Strand, 1908b) comb. nov. (all three from Nonianus), O. affinis (Strand, 1906) comb. nov., O. flavescens Caporiacco, 1941 comb. nov., O. quadrispilotus comb. nov., O. similis (Berland, 1922) comb. nov. (all four from Nisueta), O. sungaya (Barrion & Litsinger, 1995) comb. nov., O. igraya (Barrion & Litsinger, 1995) comb. nov. (both from Isopeda L. Koch 1875). Olios lucieni nom. nov. comb. nov. is proposed for Nisueta similis Berland, 1922, which becomes a secondary homonym. The male of O. quadrispilotus comb. nov. is described for the first time. Sixteen species are currently without affiliation to one of the eight species groups: O. acolastus (Thorell, 1890), O. alluaudi Simon, 1887a, O. batesi (Pocock, 1900c), O. bhavnagarensis Sethi & Tikader, 1988, O. croseiceps (Pocock, 1898b), O. durlaviae Biswas & Raychaudhuri, 2005, O. gentilis (Karsch, 1879b), O. gravelyi Sethi & Tikader, 1988, O. greeni (Pocock, 1901b), O. inaequipes (Simon 1890), O. punjabensis Dyal, 1935, O. ruwenzoricus Strand, 1913a, O. senilis Simon, 1880, O. somalicus Caporiacco, 1940, O. wroughtoni (Simon, 1897c) and O. zulu Simon, 1880. Five of these species are illustrated in order to allow identification of the opposite (male) sex and to settle their systematic placement. Thirty-seven species are considered nomina dubia, mostly because they were described from immatures, three of them are illustrated: O. abnormis (Blackwall, 1866), O. affinis (Strand, 1906) comb. nov., O. africanus (Karsch, 1878), O. amanensis Strand, 1907a, O. annandalei (Simon, 1901), O. bivittatus Roewer, 1951, O. ceylonicus (Leardi, 1902), O. conspersipes (Thorell, 1899), Palystes derasus (C.L. Koch, 1845) comb. nov., O. detritus (C.L. Koch, 1845), O. digitalis Eydoux & Souleyet, 1842, O. exterritorialis Strand, 1907b, O. flavovittatus (Caporiacco, 1935), O. fugax (O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1885), O. guineibius Strand, 1911c, O. guttipes (Simon, 1897a), O. kiranae Sethi & Tikader, 1988, O. longespinus Caporiacco, 1947b, O. maculinotatus Strand, 1909, O. morbillosus (MacLeay, 1827), O. occidentalis (Karsch, 1879b), O. ornatus (Thorell, 1877), O. pagurus Walckenaer, 1837, O. patagiatus (Simon, 1897b), O. praecinctus (L. Koch, 1865), O. provocator Walckenaer, 1837, O. quesitio Moradmand, 2013, O. quinquelineatus Taczanowski, 1872, O. sexpunctatus Caporiacco, 1947a, Heteropoda similaris (Rainbow, 1898) comb. rev., O. socotranus (Pocock, 1903), O. striatus (Blackwall, 1867), O. timidus (O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1885), Remmius variatus (Thorell, 1899) comb. nov., O. vittifemur Strand, 1916b, O. wolfi Strand, 1911a and O. zebra (Thorell, 1881). Eighty-nine species are misplaced in Olios but cannot be affiliated to any of the known genera. They belong to the subfamilies Deleninae Hogg, 1903, Sparassinae Bertkau, 1872 and Palystinae Simon, 1897a, nineteen of them are illustrated: O. acostae Schenkel, 1953, O. actaeon (Pocock, 1898c), O. artemis Hogg, 1915, O. atomarius Simon, 1880, O. attractus Petrunkevitch, 1911, O. auranticus Mello-Leitão, 1918, O. benitensis (Pocock, 1900c), O. berlandi Roewer, 1951, O. biarmatus Lessert, 1925, O. canalae Berland, 1924, O. caprinus Mello-Leitão, 1918, O. chelifer Lawrence, 1937, O. chubbi Lessert, 1923, O. clarus (Keyserling, 1880), O. coccineiventris (Simon, 1880), O. corallinus Schmidt, 1971, O. crassus Banks, 1909, O. debilipes Mello-Leitão, 1945, O. discolorichelis Caporiacco, 1947a, O. erroneus O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1890, O. extensus Berland, 1924, O. fasciiventris Simon, 1880 , O. feldmanni Strand, 1915, O. fimbriatus Chrysanthus, 1965, O. flavens Nicolet, 1849, O. fonticola (Pocock, 1902), O. formosus Banks, 1929, O. francoisi (Simon, 1898a), O. fulvithorax Berland, 1924, O. galapagoensis Banks, 1902, O. gaujoni (Simon, 1897b) comb. nov., O. giganteus Keyserling, 1884, O. hoplites Caporiacco, 1941, O. humboldtianus Berland, 1924, O. insignifer Chrysanthus, 1965, O. insulanus (Thorell, 1881), O. keyserlingi (Simon, 1880), O. lacticolor Lawrence, 1952, O. lepidus Vellard, 1924, O. longipedatus Roewer, 1951, O. machadoi Lawrence, 1952, O. macroepigynus Soares, 1944, O. maculatus Blackwall, 1862, O. marshalli (Pocock, 1898a), O. mathani (Simon, 1880), O. minensis Mello-Leitão, 1917, O. monticola Berland, 1924, O. mutabilis Mello-Leitão, 1917, O. mygalinus Doleschall, 1857, O. mygalinus cinctipes Merian, 1911, O. mygalinus nirgripalpis Merian, 1911, O. neocaledonicus Berland, 1924, O. nigristernis (Simon, 1880), O. nigriventris Taczanowski, 1872, O. oberzelleri Kritscher, 1966, O. obscurus (Keyserling, 1880), O. obtusus F.O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1900, O. orchiticus Mello-Leitão, 1930, O. oubatchensis Berland, 1924, O. paraensis (Keyserling, 1880), O. pellucidus (Keyserling, 1880), O. peruvianus Roewer, 1951, O. pictitarsis Simon, 1880, O. plumipes Mello-Leitão, 1937, O. princeps Hogg, 1914, O. pulchripes (Thorell, 1899), O. puniceus (Simon, 1880), O. roeweri Caporiacco, 1955a, O. rubripes Taczanowski, 1872, O. rubriventris (Thorell, 1881), O. rufus Keyserling, 1880, O. sanctivincenti (Simon, 1898b), O. similis (O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1890), O. simoni (O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1890), O. skwarrae Roewer, 1933, O. spinipalpis (Pocock, 1901a), O. stictopus (Pocock, 1898a), O. strandi Kolosváry, 1934, O. subadultus Mello-Leitão, 1930, O. sulphuratus (Thorell, 1899), O. sylvaticus (Blackwall, 1862), O. tamerlani Roewer, 1951, O. tigrinus (Keyserling, 1880), O. trifurcatus (Pocock, 1900c), O. trinitatis Strand, 1916a, O. velox (Simon, 1880), O. ventrosus Nicolet, 1849, O. vitiosus Vellard, 1924 and O. yucatanus Chamberlin, 1925. Seventeen taxa are transferred from Olios to other genera within Sparassidae, eight of them are illustrated: Adcatomus luteus (Keyserling, 1880) comb. nov., Eusparassus flavidus (O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1885) comb. nov., Palystes derasus (C.L. Koch, 1845) comb. nov., Heteropoda similaris (Rainbow, 1898) comb. rev., Remmius variatus (Thorell, 1899) comb. nov., Nolavia audax (Banks, 1909) comb. nov., Nolavia antiguensis (Keyserling, 1880) comb. nov., Nolavia antiguensis columbiensis (Schmidt, 1971) comb. nov., Nolavia fuhrmanni (Strand, 1914) comb. nov., Nolavia helva (Keyserling, 1880) comb. nov., Nolavia stylifer (F.O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1900) comb. nov., Nolavia valenciae (Strand, 1916a) comb. nov., Nungara cayana (Taczanowski, 1872) comb. nov., Polybetes bombilius (F.O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1899) comb. nov., Polybetes fasciatus (Keyserling, 1880) comb. nov., Polybetes hyeroglyphicus (Mello-Leitão, 1918) comb. nov. and Prychia paalonga (Barrion & Litsinger, 1995) comb. nov. One species is transferred from Olios to the family Clubionidae Wagner, 1887: Clubiona paenuliformis (Strand, 1916a) comb. nov.

Ch.-M. Widor (1844–1937) inscribed his name in the history of French music primarily as an author of organ works (10 Organ Symphonies, 1872–1900, in particular). But other genre branches of his creativity (symphonic, chamber-instrumental, chamber-vocal, operatic, choral) remains less famous for wide public. This quite vast layer is mostly not studied in musical science. However, at the recent time the interest is somewhat growing both among musicologists (A. Thomson, E. Krivitskaya, M. R. Bundy), and among the performers, which confi rms the relevance of this article. The objectives of this study are to consider compositions by Ch.-M. Widor (Piano Concerto No.1, Fantasy, Piano Concerto No.2) both in terms of features of individual creator style and context of concert branch history in France. Information about works is supplemented by the analysis of the basic musical text parameters. Ch.-M. Widor graduated the Brussels Conservatory, where he was studied from 1859 to 1863 – in classes of organ (J.-N. Lemmens) and composition (F.-J. Fetis). At 1860s, the young man was visiting Paris. Soon he was acquainted with C. Saint-Saens, which infl uenced Ch.-M. Widor not only in terms of his executive career turn, but also was etalon of instrumental writing. It seems that the writing of instrumental Concertos for violin (ор. 26, 1877), cello (ор. 41, 1877), and piano (ор. 39, 1876) in many ways is owed by C.Saint-Saens and the impulse to French music of the 1870s given by him. Piano Concerto No.1 f-moll by Ch.-M.Widor was well appreciated by the contemporaries of the composer. In fi rst movement (Allegro con fuoco) the active narrative is combining with predominantly lyrical mood. It passes in constant pulsation without any whimsical tempo deviations, as well as without cadenza using. Contemplative and philosophical meditations are concentrated at the second movement (Andante religioso). The exposition of ideas is embodied in oppositions of characters, concentrated and depth in front of light and joyous. By the way, a little similar can be found in Andante sostenuto quasi adagio of Piano Concerto No.1 (published in 1875) by C. Saint-Saens. The cycle is crowned with a lively scherzo fi nal with elegant dotted rhythm using. On the whole we can say that the Piano Сoncerto No.1 by Ch.-M. Widor purposefully continues the traditions of C. Saint-Saens. This is noticeable in the clarity of the structure, emphatic melody, and also in some specifi c features – the avoidance of long-term solo cadenzas and the absence of expanded orchestra tutti’s, as well as the laconicism of development section at the fi rst movement. Echoes of F. Liszt and C. Franck can be heard in Fantasy As-dur op. 62 for piano and orchestra (1889, dedicated to I. Philipp). Ch.-M. Widor shows interest in this genre type as many other French authors at 1880–1890s. In work there are many counterpoint and variation elements, which is due to author’s mastery of organ-polifonic writing. In our opinion, eclectic combinations of the main subject in the spirit of F. Liszt – R. Wagner with oriental saucy theme at the end of composition are quite in the style of C. Saint-Saens. Piano Concerto No.2 c-moll (1905) is standing out with its clear attachment to the late-romantic line. It is somewhat out of the general context of genre existence in France, especially when comparing with signifi cantly more traditional Piano Concertos by B. Godard (No.2, 1894), C. Saint-Saens (No.5, 1896), T. Dubois (No.2, 1897), A. Gedalge (1899), J. Massenet (1902). This manifests itself in appeal to fateful gloomy spirit, abundance of dark paints in the sound, the complication of the tonal-harmonic language, increased expressivity, psychologization. Here are found more fi ne-tooth application of timbre orchestral potential (in comparison with the Piano Concerto No.1), as well as increasing of orchestra importance upon the whole. This is paradoxical, but its performing tradition has developed not in the best way, so that nowadays this remarkable work is very rarely heard at concert halls. In our time, the author’s creativity is a real terra incognita that encompasses a lot of hidden masterpieces. Results of the research bring to light that examined works by composer are outstanding illustrations of French romantic music. Ch.-M. Widor is an example of original talent that continues the late Romanticism line in France at the end of 19th and fi rst third of the 20th century, together with other authors – L. Vierne, V. d’Indy, A. Magnard, F. Schmitt. His works for piano and orchestra quite deserve to become on a par with recognized masterpieces, included in the concert repertoire of pianists and orchestras by different countries of the world. The perspectives of the further research are defi ned in more detailed analytical labors, including the extension of analysis over Violin Concerto op. 26 and Cello Concerto op. 41 by author. The learning of these works will allow to complement the history of the concert genre of French Romanticism with new details, that will enable to see the evidence of succession and the vitality of traditions.

RESUMENEste artículo propone un recorrido a través de la figura del pensador de la Baja Edad Media a la Ilustración. Publicada en 1621, la Anatomía de la melancolía de Robert Burton dibuja la imagen del filósofo nuevo, opuesto a los desvergonzados filosofastros que daban título a la comedia de 1615. Demócrito Júnior supone la confirmación de la nueva figura intelectual que ha dejado atrás al clerc de la Baja Edad Media: el humanista del Renacimiento que, gracias a la rehabilitación llevadaa cabo por Marsilio Ficino del mal de la bilis negra, confiesa con orgullo su carácter melancólico, propio del genio fuera de lo común. Su sucesor, el philosophe del siglo XVIII ya no necesita acudir a la afección atrabiliaria para postularse como el guía que ha de conducir y domesticar al pueblo.PALABRAS CLAVE: melancolía, filosofastros, época moderna, philosophe, pueblo.ABSTRACTThis article proposes a journey through the figure of the thinker from the late Middle Ages to the Enlightenment. Published in 1621, Robert Burton’s Anatomy of Melancholy depicts the image of the new philosopher as opposed to those shameless philosophasters, to which the title of his 1615 comedy refers. Democritus Junior embodies the confirmation of the new intellectual figure that has abandoned the clerc of the late Middle Ages: that Renaissance humanist who, thanks to Marsilio Ficino’s rehabilitation of the malady of the black bile, proudly confesses his melancholiccharacter, typical of extraordinary geniuses. His successor, the 18th century philosophe, no longer needs to resort to bad-tempered humour in order to present himself as the guide destined to direct and domesticate common people.KEY WORDS: melancholy, philosophasters, early modern period, philosophe, common people.BIBLIOGRAFÍAAgamben, G., Stanze. La parola e il fantasma nella cultura occidentale, Torino, Einaudi, 1977.Aristóteles, El hombre de genio y la melancolía: problema XXX, I, Barcelona, Quaderns Crema, 1996, edición bilingüe, prólogo y notas de Jackie Pigeaud, traducción de Cristina Serna.Badinter, É., Les passions intellectuelles, vol. I. Désirs de gloire (1735-1751), Paris, Fayard, 1999 (traducción española: Las pasiones intelectuales, vol. I. Deseos de gloria (1735-1751), Buenos Aires, FCE, 2007D’Alembert, “Réflexions sur l’état présent de la République des lettres pour l’article gens de lettres, écrites en 1760 et par conséquent relatives à cette époque”, en OEuvres et correspondances inédites (éditées par Charles Henry), Genève, Slatkine, 1967.Bartra, R., Cultura y melancolía. Las enfermedades del alma en la España del Siglo de Oro, Barcelona, Anagrama, 2001.Bauman, Z., Legisladores e intérpretes. Sobre la modernidad, la posmodernidad y los intelectuales, Buenos Aires, Universidad Nacional de Quilmes, 1997, traducción de Horacio Pons.Burton, R., Philosophaster, Whitefish, Kessinger Publishing, 1992, ed. Latin-English.Burton, R., Anatomía de la melancolía, Madrid, Asociación Española de Neuropsiquiatría, 1997-2002, 3 vols., prefacio de Jean Starobinski, traducción de Ana Sáez Hidalgo, Raquel Álvarez Peláez y Cristina Corredor.Chartier, R., Espacio público, crítica y desacralización en el siglo XVIII. Los orígenes culturales de la Revolución Francesa, Barcelona, Gedisa, 2003, traducción de Beatriz Lonné.Darnton, R., “La dentadura postiza de George Washington”, en El coloquio de los lectores. Ensayos sobre autores, manuscritos, editores y lectores, México, FCE, 2003, prólogo, selección y traducción de Antonio Saborit, pp. 285-310.Darnton, R., Los best sellers prohibidos en Francia antes de la Revolución, Buenos Aires, FCE, 2008, traducción de Antonio Saborit.Diderot, D., “Éléments de physiologie”, en OEuvres complètes de Diderot revues sur les éditions originales comprenant ce qui a été publié à diverses époques et les manuscrits inédits conservés à la Bibliothèque de l›Ermitage, Paris, Garnier frères, 1875-1877, notices, notes, table analytique, étude sur Diderot et le mouvement philosophique au XVIIIe siècle par Jules Assézat [et Maurice Tourneaux].Dumarsais, C. Ch., Nouvelles libertés de penser, Amsterdam, Piget, 1743.Erasmo de Rotterdam, “Colloquio llamado Combite religioso”, en A. Herrán y M. Santos (eds.), Coloquios familiares: edición de Alonso Ruiz de Virués (siglo XVI), Rubí (Barcelona), Anthropos, 2005.Furetière, A., “Hydre”, en Dictionnaire universel, contenant généralement tous les mots françois tant vieux que modernes, et les termes de toutes les sciences et des arts..., Paris, France-expansion, 1972 –reproduction de l’édition de La Haye et Rotterdam, A. et R. Leers, 1690, 3 tomes dans un volume, non paginé.Garin, E., “El filósofo y el mago”, en E. Garin (ed.), El hombre del Renacimiento, Madrid, Alianza, 1990, traducción de Manuel Rivero Rodríguez.Garnier, J.-J., L’Homme de lettres, Paris, Panckoucke, 1764.Goulemot, J.-M., Adieu les philosophes: que reste-t-il des Lumières?, Paris, Seuil, 2001.Klibansky, R., Panofsky, E. y Saxl, F., Saturno y la melancolía. Estudios de historia de la filosofía de la naturaleza, la religión y el arte, Madrid, Alianza, 1991, versión española de María Luisa Balseiro.Le Goff, J., Los intelectuales en la Edad Media, Barcelona, Gedisa, 1986, traducción de Alberto L. Bixio.Lepenies, W., ¿Qué es un intelectual europeo? Los intelectuales y la política del espíritu en la historia europea, Barcelona, Galaxia Gutenberg/Círculo de Lectores, 2008, traducción de Sergio Pawlosky.Masseau, D., L’invention de l’intellectuel dans l’Europe du XVIIIe siècle, Paris, Presses Universitaires de France, 1994.Mornet, D., Les origines intellectuelles de la Révolution française: 1715-1787, Paris, Armand Colin, 1933 (traducción española: Los orígenes intelectuales de la Revolución Francesa, 1715-1787, Buenos Aires, Paidós, 1969, traducción de Carlos A. Fayard).Radin, P., Primitive Religion. Its Nature and Origin, New York, The Viking Press, 1937.Rivera García, A., “La pintura de la crisis: Albrecht Dürer y la Reforma”, Artificium. Revista iberoamericana de estudios culturales y análisis conceptual, 1 (2010), pp. 100-119.Schiebinger, L., Nature’s body. Gender in the Making of Modern Science, New Brunswick (New Jersey), Rutgers University Press, 2006.Starobinski, J., “Habla Demócrito. La utopía melancólica de Robert Burton”, en R. Burton, Anatomía de la melancolía, vol. I, traducción de Julián Mateo Ballorca, pp. 11-29.Taine, H.- A., Histoire de la littérature anglaise, Paris, L. Hachette, 2e édition revue et augmentée, 1866.Tocqueville, A. de, El Antiguo Régimen y la Revolución, Madrid, Istmo, 2004, edición de Antonio Hermosa Andújar.Van Kley, D. K., The Damiens Affair and the Unraveling of the Ancien Régime, 1750-1770, Princeton, Princeton University Press, 1984.Vernière, P., “Naissance et statut de l’intelligentsia en France”, in Ch. Mervaud et S. Menant (éd.), Le siècle de Voltaire: hommage à René Pomeau, Oxford, Voltaire Foundation, 1987, vol. II, pp. 933-941; É. Walter, “Sur l’intelligentsia des Lumières”, Dix-huitième siècle, 5, 1973, pp. 173-201.Voltaire, Les oeuvres complètes de Voltaire / The Complete Works of Voltaire, Genève/Toronto/Paris, Institut et Musée Voltaire/University of Toronto Press, edited by Theodore Besterman], tome 82, Notebooks (vol. 2), 1968.Weber, M., La ética protestante y el “espíritu” del capitalismo, Madrid, Alianza, 2001, traducción de Joaquín Abellán García.

El nacimiento de una nueva vida, siempre fue y seguirá siendo el acontecimiento más hermoso e importante de la creación; y las condiciones que rodean la atención de la futura madre, también son cruciales para el desarrollo normal del recién nacido. El Instituto Nacional Materno Perinatal viene cumpliendo su misión de dar atención especializada a la mujer en salud sexual y reproductiva y al neonato de alto riesgo, desarrollando investigación, tecnología y docencia a nivel nacional; desde su creación hace 194 años, un 10 de octubre de 1826. Fue el Mariscal don Andrés de Santa Cruz, Presidente del Consejo de Gobierno de la República quien por decreto supremo emitido por Hipólito Unanue, creó la Casa de Maternidad, centro hospitalario que tendría como finalidad socorrer a las mujeres pobres en sus partos y formar parteras instruidas y hábiles,1 y se instaló en el Colegio de Santo Tomás.2 Su "partida de nacimiento" está inscrita en la historia de la Medicina Peruana, como el acontecimiento más importante de los primeros años de la República. La Casa de Maternidad empezó a funcionar el 12 de mayo de 1830 bajo de la dirección de la matrona Benita Paulina Cadeau de Fessel con formación profesional parisina, que tuviera como maestros a Madame La Chapelle y al profesor Antoin Dubois en la Escuela Nacional de Partos de París, propulsora de los conocimientos de la escuela francesa, cuna de la formación a todo nivel. Ella dió inicio a la enseñanza científica de la Obstetricia en el Perú. En 1836 agobiada por la enfermedad dejo la Maternidad y el colegio de partos en 18361. La Casa de Maternidad se traslada al Hospital de Santa Ana en 1841 y la Sociedad de Beneficencia Pública de Lima nombra como director al Dr. Camilo Segura en 1948 con lo que se inicia su refundación2. En 1852 viaja a Paris a especializarse en Cirugía y Partos en la Universidad de La Soborna. Retorna en 1853 e implanta un conjunto de técnicas y medidas acordes a los conocimientos más adelantados de su época que redujeron la morbilidad y mortalidad materna y perinatal. En 1857 la Casa de Maternidad se traslada al Colegio de San Idelfonso, para luego pasar en 1875 al Hospital de San Andrés, y dos años más tarde volvió al Hospital Santa Ana hasta 1922 año en el que se trasladó en el local que actualmente ocupa y desde entonces empieza a ser llamado extraoficialmente Hospital de Maternidad de Lima, aunque esta denominación recién se oficializa 10 años más tarde3. El doctor Enrique Febres Odriozola por aquel entonces le cambia la nominación de Casa de Maternidad por la de Instituto Obstétrico Ginecológico3. En 1934, durante el gobierno del Presidente Oscar R. Benavides, se construye la parte que da al jirón Miroquesada, es decir, la Dirección, la antigua Emergencia y la ex clínica, Santa María3. El 22 de diciembre de 1937 el Dr. Victor Bazul Fonseca realiza la primera cesárea segmentaria en el Perú a la paciente Felipa Otárola, una primigesta a término adolescente de 15 años con pelvis estrecha, usando fórceps de Simpson se extrajo un RN masculino de 3700 grs. y fue dada de alta del antiguo Servicio 5 a los 42 días. Este hecho no fue fortuito, sino fruto del estudio constante, de la ejecución previa en cadáveres, y su experiencia en otras técnicas quirúrgicas; desde aquella fecha, difunde esta técnica a través de la Cátedra, del Hospital, de la Sociedad Peruana de Obstetricia y Ginecología y de cuanto certamen científico había4. Lina Medina Vásquez nació en Huancavelica, Perú, el 27 de septiembre de 1933 y es considerada la madre más joven de la historia. El 14 de mayo de 1939, Lina, a los 5 años de edad, dió a luz a un niño mediante cesárea, realizada por el Dr. Lozada, el Dr. Colareta y el Dr. Bussalleu5. En 1941 después del terremoto de mayo, en que queda afectada parte del hospital, por iniciativa del doctor Víctor Bazul Fonseca, se construye un "servicio modelo piloto" en lo que fue el antiguo Servicio Nº 6 3. En 1943, durante el primer gobierno de don Manuel Prado, se construye la parte que da al jirón Cangallo, en la que lamentablemente no se siguió el modelo propuesto y se tugurizó el hospital en la forma que estuvieron antiguamente los servicios Nº. 1 y 2. Ese mismo año, por decreto supremo, se le da la denominación oficial de Hospital de Maternidad de Lima. En 1962 se le despoja de su administración a la Beneficencia Pública de Lima, que le encargara el Ministerio de la Ley 127 años atrás y por D.S. Nº. 43 A.S del 09 de marzo, es transferido al Ministerio de Salud. Como presente por sus 142 años de existencia, el 8 de junio de 1968, es obsequiada en su propio terreno con un edificio de 4 plantas, donde funcionarían los servicios básicos de atención para la creciente población de parturientas, estable, con casa propia, el transformado Hospital de Maternidad de Lima, fija sus metas en el progreso académico y tecnológico. En la década del 80 se construyen el área para el Servicio de Emergencia y el Servicio de Alto Riesgo Obstétrico y la Unidad de Vigilancia Intensiva Obstétrica. En 1992 obtiene la denominación de Instituto Materno Perinatal. En el 2001 se inaugura el Hospital de la Amistad Perú Japón, alcanzándose altos niveles de calidad en la atención de las emergencias obstétricas, en el nuevo Servicio de Emergencia, en la atención del parto en el Servicio de Centro Obstétrico, atención de las gestantes con graves complicaciones en la Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos Materno, atención de los recién nacidos con graves complicaciones en la Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos Neonatales y en la Unidad de Cuidados Intermedios Neonatales; y en la atención de los procedimientos quirúrgicos en Servicio de Centro Quirúrgico, contando además con el apoyo de la Central de Esterilización. En el 2002 logra la denominación de Instituto Especializado Materno Perinatal y desde el 2006 es categorizado como Instituto Nacional Materno Perinatal. En el 2021 el INMP cumplirá 195 años de vida institucional en favor de la salud de las mujeres, gestantes y recién nacidos del Perú, en favor de la docencia de pre y post grado en ginecología-obstetricia y neonatología, y en la investigación. Será siempre muy importante recordar con mucho orgullo la historia de la Maternidad de Lima.

La institución romana del domicilium convierte al sujeto en residente. Suele designar el lugar de residencia prolongada del incola o habitante que ha emigrado a una comunidad, por contraposición al municeps; por lo tanto, es un vínculo jurídico entre la ciudad y la persona que ha emigrado a ella. Frente a la expresión de la origo en los textos epigráficos, que es muy abundante, la manifestación del domicilo solo se hace de forma excepcional, en atención al escaso número de referencias conservadas, y su enunciación es muy similar a la que marca el origen. Palabras clave: domicilium, origo, ciudadano, epigrafía, latina.Topónimos: Imperio Romano.Periodo: Principado (27 a. C. – 284 d. C.) ABSTRACTThe Roman institution of the domicilium turns the subject into a resident. It usually designates the place of prolonged residence of the incola or inhabitant who has emigrated to a community, as opposed to the municeps. Therefore, it is a legal link between the city and the person who emigrates there. As opposed to the expression of the origo in epigraphic texts, which is very common, the manifestation of the domicile occurs only exceptionally, in view of the scant number of surviving references, and its enunciation is very similar to that which indicates provenance. Keywords: domicilium, origo, citizen, epigraphy, Latin.Place names: Roman EmpirePeriod: Principate (27 BC - 284 AD) REFERENCIASAncelle, A. (1875), Du Domicile, Paris, these pour le doctorat, Faculte de droit de Paris.Andreu, J., (2008), “Sentimiento y orgullo cívico en Hispania: en torno a las menciones de origo en la Hispania Citerior”, Gerión, 26(1), pp. 349-378.Ayiter, K. (1962),“Einige Bemerkungen zum Domicilium des Filius Familias im römischen Recht“, en Studi in onore di Emilio Betti, vol. II, Milano, pp. 71-84.Baccari, M. P. (1996), Cittadini, popoli e comunione nella legislazione dei secoli IV-VI, Torino, G. Giappichelli.Baudry, F. (1892), s.v. “domicilium”, en Dictionnaire des Antiquités Grecques et Romaines Daremberg-Saglio, II.1, Paris, Hachette.Berger, A, (1916), s.v. “incola”, en Pauly-Wissowa Realencyclopädie der classischen Altertumswissenschaft, IX.2, Stuttgart, J. B. Metzler Verlag.Bianchi, L. (2019), “Celebrazioni monumentali delle guerre daciche di Traiano sui luoghi degliavvenimenti”, en A. M. Liberati, Da Roma all’Oriente. Riflessioni sulle campagne traianee. Atti della Giornata di studi Istituto Nazionale di Studi Romani, 11 ottobre 2017. Città di Castello-Italia: LuoghInteriori, 193-241.Bonjour, M. (1975), Terre natale. Études sur une composante affective du patriotisme romain, Paris, Les Belles Lettres.Brugi, B. (1926), Istituzioni di Diritto Romano (diritto privato giustinianeo). Torino, Utet.Bruguière, M. B. (1979), “Le domicile dans les droits antiques”, en Mélanges dédiés à Gabriel Marty, Tolouse, Université des sciences sociales, 199-219.Burdese, A. (1964), s.v. “Domicilio (diritto romano)”, voce dell'Enciclopedia del Diritto, XIII, Milano, Giuffrè editore, pp. 837-838.Cagnat, R. (1898), Cours d’epigraphie latine, Paris, A. Fontemoing.Calzada, M. A. (2010), “Origo, incolae, municipes y civitas Romana a la luz de la «Lex Irnitana»”, Anuario de historia del derecho español, 80, pp. 673-688.Chavanes, H., (1863), Du Domicile, Paris, Thèse de Doctorat, Faculté de Droit de Paris, 17 Août 1863.Cichorius, C. (1904), Die römischen denkmäler in der Dobrudscha. Ein erklärungsversuch, Berlin, Weidmann Verlag.Colin, J. (1956), “Le Préfet du Prétoire Cornelius Fuscus: un enfant de Pompei”, Latomus, 15-1, pp. 57-82.Cuena, J. (2008), “Nuevos significados de origo en las fuentes legislativas postclásicas”, Revista General de Derecho romano, 10, pp. 1-27.De Martino, F. (1973), Storia della costituzione romana, III, Napoli, Casa Editrice Eugenio Jovene.De Ruggiero, E. (1921), La patria nel diritto pubblico romano, Roma, Maglione Strini.De Savigny, F. (1924), Sistema de Derecho romano actual, (traducción española de J. Mesía y M. Poley), Madrid, Centro Editorial de Góngora.Dessau, H. (1914-1916), Inscriptiones Latinae Selectae: pars III. Indices, Berlín, apud Weidmannos.D'Ors, A. (1951), Epigrafía de la España romana, Madrid, Instituto Nacional de Estudios Jurídicos.Encarnação, J. (2000), “L’Africa et la Lusitania: trois notes épigraphiques”, en M. Khanoussi, P. Ruggeri y C. Vismara, L’Africa romana. Geografi, viaggiatori, militari nel Maghreb: alle origini dell’archeologia nel Nord Africa. Atti del XIII convegno di studio Djerba, 10–13 dicembre 1998, Roma, Carocci, Vol. II, pp. 1291-1298.Forcellini, A. A. (1965), Lexicon Totius Latinitatis, II, Patavaii, 1940 (2ª reimpresión anastática de 1965), Patavii [Padoue], Gregoriana edente; Bononia [Bologne], A. Forni. s. v. “domicilium”, pp. 191 ss., y s.v. “domus”, pp. 194 ss.Humbert, G. 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Quelques remarques à propos d'une inscription du Museo Arqueológico Nacional (CIL II, 3423)”, Homenaje al Profesor Martín Almagro Basch, Madrid, vol. III, pp. 339-345.Leonhard, R. (1905), s.v. “domicilium”, en en Pauly-Wissowa Realencyclopädie der classischen Altertumswissenschaft, V, Stuttgart, J. B. Metzler Verlag., V, cols. 1299 ss.Licandro, O. (2004), Domicilium habere. Persona e territorio nelladisciplina del domicilio romano, Torino, Giappichelli Editori.López M. L. (2008), Domicilium y vinculación jurídica local. Régimen jurídico del domicilio en Derecho romano, Madrid, http://vlex.com/vid/54106991Mahboubi, M. (1982), “Les élites municipales de la Numidie: deux groupes: étrangers à la cité et vétérans”, Aufstieg und Niedergang der römischen Welt. II. Principat. 10, 2, pp. 673-682.Marucchi, O. (1912), Christian Epigraphy. An Elementary Treatise with a Collection of Ancient Christian Inscriptions Mainly of Roman Origin, Cambridge, Cambridge University Press.Mommsen, Th. 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Some albums entail more than meets the ear. In the Age of Ravel and In the Age of Debussy surround representative works of Maurice Ravel (1875–1937) and Claude Debussy (1862–1918) with contextualizing selections from contemporaries. Compellingly rendered by Ransom Wilson and François Dumont, these discs document six decades of innovation. They also illuminate intriguing connections as well as fascinating contrasts among familiar and unfamiliar works. And each celebrates the art of the French flute. But there's more.

O presente texto, segmento de pesquisa de doutorado realizada no Dep. De Música da ECA/USP, com o apoio da FAPESP, pretende fazer uma reflexão sobre a correspondência do compositor francês Maurice Ravel (1875-1937), voltando-se mais especificamente ao período da Primeira Guerra Mundial (1914-1918). Fundamentado em trabalhos referenciais e no importante acervo da correspondência do compositor, de posse da Bibliothèque Nationale de France – BNF, o presente texto pretende questionar a que ponto a idéia fixa pela defesa da pátria tomou conta da vida do compositor, influenciando sua produção musical do período em questão.

Thomas Neville George, later renowned as a Carboniferous stratigrapher and palaeontologist and also as a geomorphologist, was born in Morriston, Swansea, on 13 May 1904, being the elder of two children and the only son of Thomas Rupert George (1873-1933) and Elizabeth George (née Evans, 1875-1937). The family background on both sides was dominated by school teaching driven by a deep-seated moral belief in the ability of education to improve and enrich the lives of otherwise impoverished folk. His father, Thomas Rupert George, had attended the University College of Wales at Aberystwyth and originally came from Port Eynon. He became a school teacher and eventually headmaster in a Swansea school but much of his time was given to Socialist politics, particularly in organizing the local Trades and Labour Council, of which he was an honorary secretary. Neville’s mother, Elizabeth, was a school teacher from Swansea Training College and for a short time taught her son at his first primary school. She came from a chapel-going family, whereas his father did not, and Neville attended chapel sporadically until he was eight but not thereafter.

Maurice Ravel (1875-1937), French composer, pianist and conductor, is one of the most important composers of the 20th century. In Ravel's works for piano, the effects of impressionism come to life with the use of all the colors of the instrument. In orchestral work, these effects are enlivened by various tones and colors obtained by combining instruments with different colors and characteristics individually or in different groups. With this article, ‘Pavane pour une infante défunte’ (Pavane for the Dead Princess), which is one of the works designed by Maurice Ravel for piano and later given a new identity with its orchestration, is intended to reveal Ravel's understanding of orchestration by studying in terms of orchestration techniques. The article will focus on the principles that the composer pays attention to when performing orchestral transcribing from the piano writing. In Ravel’s orchestration, it is aimed to create an example of orchestral transcription by addressing topics such as the balance factor and the methods, used to create various colors, the creation of contrast between the musical ideas and the techniques, used in expressing musical ideas and feelings via orchestration.

Dendritic and/or rosetted microborings in calcareous and osteic skeletal substrates have a diverse trace fossil record, spanning most of the Phanerozoic, whereas the ichnodiversity of comparable bioerosion traces produced in modern seas is rather limited. The most prominent occurrences are known from Devonian brachiopods and from Upper Cretaceous belemnite rostra. Ichnotaxonomically, they are comprised within one of the few ichnofamilies established to date, the Dendrinidae Bromley et al., 2007. As an outcome of the present revision of this ichnofamily, the plethora of 84 ichnospecies established within 25 ichnogenera since the erection of the type ichnogenus Dendrina Quenstedt, 1849 was considerably condensed to 22 ichnospecies included in 7 ichnogenera, based on a coherent morphological categorisation and ichnotaxobasis assessment. The suite of ichnogenera now subsumed within the Dendrinidae includes Dendrina Quenstedt, 1849; Clionolithes Clarke, 1908; Calcideletrix Mägdefrau, 1937; Dictyoporus Mägdefrau, 1937; Abeliella Mägdefrau, 1937; Nododendrina Vogel et al., 1987; and Pyrodendrina Tapanila, 2008. New combinations thereby concern Dendrina dendrina (Morris, 1851) comb. nov., Clionolithes pannosus (Solle, 1938) comb. nov., C. alcicornis (Vogel et al., 1987) comb. nov., C. convexus (Hofmann, 1996) comb. nov., Calcideletrix anomala (Mägdefrau, 1937) comb. nov., C. fastigata (Radtke, 1991) comb. nov., Dictyoporus balani (Tavernier et al., 1992) comb. nov., Nododendrina europaea (Fischer, 1875) comb. nov., N. incomposita (Mägdefrau, 1937) comb. nov. and N. paleodendrica (Elias, 1957) comb. nov. Investigation of new material and a reassessment of 63 dendrinid microborings previously addressed in informal nomenclature allowed the establishment of two complementing ichnogenera, Rhopalondendrina igen. nov. and Antodendrina igen. nov., and eight new ichnospecies, comprising Pyrodendrina arctica isp. nov., P. belua isp. nov., P. villosa isp. nov., Rhopalondendrina avis igen. et isp. nov., R. acanthina igen. et isp. nov., R. contra igen. et isp. nov., R. tigris igen. et isp. nov. and Antodendrina ligula igen. et isp. nov. In densely bioeroded calcareous substrates, different dendrinids and other bioerosion traces may be found in direct contact with each other, forming composite trace fossils, but some of these associations appear rather systematic in nature and could be the work of the same tracemaker under different behavioural modes, thus forming compound trace fossils. In these cases, however, the distinction between the two concepts remains largely equivocal. Dendrinid microborings are primarily found in living and dead calcareous skeletal substrates of bivalves, brachiopods, belemnites and corals, with complementing records from six other substrate types. Facing considerable sampling artefacts, evidence for true substrate specificity or symbiotic relationships is inconclusive as yet, whereas there is direct evidence for post-mortem infestation in several cases, such as the diverse dendrinid associations in Upper Cretaceous belemnite guards. Despite a wealth of available interpretations, the actual biological identity of the dendrinids’ tracemakers remains largely speculative. The most convincing evidence has been put forward in support of foraminiferans as the producers of Nododendrina, and excavating micro-sponges producing Clionolithes and some Calcideletrix. Since most of the dendrinids are found in aphotic (palaeo-)environments, these two principal types of organotrophic tracemakers are also potential candidates for the other ichnogenera. With regards to evolutionary patterns through geologic time, strong adaptive radiations are evident from the ichnodiversity of dendrinid ichnospecies in the Early to Mid-Palaeozoic, reflecting the “Ordovician Bioerosion Revolution” (sensu Wilson & Palmer 2006) and the “Mid-Palaeozoic Precursor of the Mesozoic Marine Revolution” (sensu Signor & Brett 1984), respectively, and in the Mesozoic, coinciding with the prominent “Marine Mesozoic Revolution” (sensu Vermeij 1977). This pattern mimics that of other micro- and macro-bioerosion trace fossils and is interpreted as a reflection of increased predation pressure and consequent infaunalisation. For extinction events, in turn, a differential effect is recorded in that the first four of the “Big Five” mass extinctions appear not to have had any noticeable effect on dendrinid ichnodiversity, whereas the end-Cretaceous mass-extinction resulted in a 77% drop following the Cretaceous peak ichnodiversity of 13 dendrinid ichnospecies.