Journal articles on the topic '1887-1968'

Detached rostral teeth of fossil sawfishes of the family Sclerorhynchidae Cappetta (1974) are relatively common in Late Cretaceous marine strata of Texas. Most such teeth are referable to various species ofIschyrhizaandOnchopristis(Slaughter and Steiner, 1968). The extraordinarily large rostral teeth described herein are not referable to any sawfish presently known from North America. They belong toOnchosaurus pharao(Dames, 1887), which is known elsewhere from Egypt, Nigeria, Zaire, Angola, and Brazil (Arambourg, 1940; Tabaste, 1963; Cappetta, 1987). The specimens are the largest reported for any sawfish.

Some taxonomic and nomenclatural inconsistencies in the Scolopendridae are clarified. Heterostoma cribriferum var. robustum Haase, 1887 is placed in synonymy under Ethmostigmus rubripes platycephalus (Newport, 1845), and the synonymy of Congobius Dobroruka, 1968 and Parotostigmus Pocock, 1896 (a valid subgenus of Otostigmus Porat, 1876) is formalized. The nomen novum Scolopendra attemsi is proposed for Trachycormocephalus intermedius Attems, 1928, to avert homonymy with S. intermedia Porat, 1871, upon transferring the former into Scolopendra. The following seven new combinations are proposed: Scolopendra lutea (Attems, 1928) (transferred from Arthrorhabdus); S. arenicola (Lawrence, 1975), S. koreana (Verhoeff, 1934), S. langi (Chamberlin, 1927), S. monticola (Lawrence, 1975) and S. zuluana (Lawrence, 1958) (all from Trachycormocephalus); Otostigmus (Parotostigmus) kivuensis (Dobroruka, 1968) (from Congobius). Additionally, two subspecies of Rhysida nuda (Newport, 1845) — somala Manfredi, 1933 and subnuda Jangi, 1955 — are assigned to R. immarginata (Porat, 1876).

This article is devoted to the German-Jewish writer Arnold Zweig’s (1887–1968) biographical novella Symphonie Fantastique (1943), told from the perspective of a young musicologist participating in World War II, applied to the life and work of French composer Hector Berlioz. Arnold Zweig not only writes the biography of one of the most prominent French composers for Harold Breton, but he also confronts the Vichy Regime. The aim of this article is to capture the technique of Arnold Zweig, who combines history and the identification of an artist with a given object.

На основе малоизвестных украинских милицейских изданий 20-х годов ХХ в., а также опубликованных работ по истории криминалистики рассматривается жизненный путь и творческая деятельность Александра Акимовича Елисеева (1887–1968) – одного из пионеров советской криминалистики, внесшего значительный вклад в развитие криминалистической науки и судебной экспертизы в Украине. Обращается внимание преимущественно на деятельность А. А. Елисеева в период его пребывания руководителем научнотехнической части (подотдела) отдела уголовного розыска Главного управления милиции и розыска УССР (1923–1926). Разработанные им в эти годы различные ведомственные руководства, инструкции, методические указания, а также опубликованные статьи сыграли важную роль в распространении криминалистических знаний среди практических работников Украины.

The name Sorbus dacica Borbás (1887: 404), which refers to a well-defined species endemic to Romania, is widely accepted (e.g. Jávorka 1924–1925, Nyárády 1939, Kárpáti 1940, 1960, Buia 1956, Warburg & Kárpáti 1968, Dihoru & Pârvu 1987, Ciocârlan 2009, Dihoru & Negrean 2009, Kurtto 2009, Sârbu et al. 2013). This species is supposed to be of hybrid origin between some taxa of S. subgen. Aria Persoon (1806: 38) and S. aucuparia Linnaeus (1753: 477) of S. subgen. Sorbus; such hybrids and stabilized hybridogenous species are currently classified in S. subgen. Soraria Májovský & Bernátová (2001: 21).

В статье написано об открытии и содержании труда «Тарих-и Шавки» по истории последних периодов Кокандского ханства. Автор произведения Шамсиддин Шавки (1805-1887), служил мунши (секретарем - начальником канцелярии писарей) во дворце Кокандского ханства. Хотя Заки Валиди Туган дал предварительную информацию о рукописи, он написал, что рукопись находится «в руках населения». Такие историки, как Чарльзом Стори, Т. Бейсембиев, Ш. Вахидов, которые ссылались на данное произведение, отмечали, что рукопись находится «в руках народа» или «пока не найдена». Указано, что рукопись сохранилась в частной коллекции Исмаила Ходжи Лутфитдинова (1968 г.р.), жителя села Калвак Туракурганского района Наманганской области. Произведение представляет собой историческое, поэтическое произведение о последних днях Кокандского ханства и завоевании Ферганы Российской империей.

Pseudopaludicola ternetzi was described on the basis of an undefined number of syntypes, but involving males and females (Miranda-Ribeiro 1937). Since Miranda-Ribeiro described this species, several taxonomic considerations were made on it. First, Bokermann (1966) considered P. ternetzi as a synonym of P. ameghini (Cope 1887), without giving any evidence to support this decision. Although some authors followed this proposal (like Gallardo 1968), others continued considering P. ternetzi as a good species (e.g., Frost 1985; Lynch 1989). Haddad and Cardoso (1987) provided bioacustic and morphometric evidence to consider P. ameghini as a junior synonym of P. mystacalis (Cope 1887). In 1996, Lobo reviewed the type specimens of P. ameghini, P. mystacalis, and P. saltica described by Cope (1887) and housed at the ANSP (Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia), and redescribed P. ternetzi based on four vouchers collected by Dr. Ternetz in December of 1923, deposited in the Museu Nacional, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil (MNRJ). In coincidence with Haddad and Cardoso (1987), Lobo (1996) considered P. ameghini as a junior synonym of P. mystacalis, assigned a lectotype for P. ternetzi (MNRJ 5462, male), and designated as paralectotypes the vouchers MNRJ 477, MNRJ 5460, and MNRJ 5461 (all females). Lobo choose the only male syntype examined by him as lectotype considering that the detailed description by Miranda-Ribeiro (1937) of a male matched with the size and morphology of this specimen, while only reported some details of a female. Such taxonomic decision was based on the article 74 of the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature (ICZN 1985).

Confesiones de Dorish Dam (1929) de Delia Colmenares (1887-1968) y Las memorias de Mamá Blanca (1929) de Teresa de la Parra (1889-1936) son dos novelas que reaccionan a las nuevas tendencias surgidas en la segunda década del siglo XX, explícitamente en el caso de las vanguardias e implícitamente en el caso del regionalismo. En este artículo, propongo, más bien, que se encuentran cercanas a la estética modernista y posmodernista. Ambas, a su vez, ficcionalizan géneros menores como el diario y las memorias para crear una alianza de género no exenta de tensiones. Además, desde una mirada sui generis y en un contexto de modernización, construyen personajes femeninos alternativos, disidente en de la Parra y transgresor (lesbiana) en Colmenares.

<p>El presente estudio pone en cuestión la explicación geométrica dada por Ulf Linde a dos de las obras de Marcel Duchamp (1887-1968), La Mariée (1912) y el Grand Verre (1915-1923), en 1977. En el análisis de la primera de ellas, Linde acierta en el diagnóstico de que la obra responde a unas proporciones áureas, aunque con expresiones matemáticas incorrectas, y en la segunda realiza un análisis poco riguroso, dado que no proporciona las medidas de las que parte para realizarlo. Debido a ello, y como comprobación, realizo el mismo análisis de Linde aplicado al Grand Verre, pero partiendo de las medidas dadas por Duchamp, encontrando que a pesar de ser muy aproximado, no corresponde exactamente a la proporción áurea.</p>

O artigo propõe a exploração de um conceito histórico do mundo da arte: o de estatuto de arte. Considerando que qualquer produção artí­stica é associada ao contexto em que é produzida, analisou-se, a partir das reflexões de alguns autores, como Canclini (1984), Benjamin (1994) e Dickie (2007), o que pode conferir a um objeto o estatuto de obra de arte. Para representar o vasto grupo de tais objetos, a Mona Lisa, do italiano Leonardo da Vinci (1452 – 1519), tem papel fundamental para a análise. De forma a exemplificar como a prática artí­stica também pode apropriar-se de conceitos de seu universo - como o de estatuto de arte - ressignificando-os e promovendo conexão entre diferentes momentos históricos, analisou-se o trabalho L.H.O.O.Q., do francês Marcel Duchamp (1887 – 1968), que exemplifica uma prática questionadora e crí­tica dos paradigmas do mundo da arte

<p>El presente artículo estudia el aparato geométrico de la obra de Marcel Duchamp (1887-1968), Moulin à café o Molinillo de Café, también conocido por La Amoladora o su denominación inglesa, The Coffee Grinder, de 1911. Esta obra, (considerada seminal por el propio Duchamp), será fundamental para el desarrollo de la La Mariée de 1912 y de La Marièe mise à nu par ses cèlibataires meme, 1915-1923, (La novia puesta al desnudo por sus solteros, incluso), también conocida como Le Grand Vérre, El Gran Vidrio, o The Large Glass. Para la elaboración de este estudio ha sido fundamental la publicación De ou par Marcel Duchamp par Ulf Linde. (Aman y Birnbaum, 2013). Para poder contextualizar este estudio, en su tiempo, en las artes y la arquitectura, recomiendo leer mi anterior trabajo sobre la cuestión, titulado, Crítica del análisis geométrico realizado por Ulf Linde acerca de la obra de Marcel Duchamp. (Franco, 2017) 1, del cual, éste es continuación.</p>

El presente artículo pretende establecer las condiciones que le permitieron a Joaquín Edwards Bello (1887-1968) insertarse y consolidarse en el campo literario chileno de principios del siglo XX. Para ello, siguiendo a Bourdieu, se reconstruye su habitus con el fin de analizar las circunstancias sociales y económicas que llevaron a un joven perteneciente a la oligarquía chilena de principios del siglo XX a convertirse en escritor. Especialmente, se abordará su etapa formativa: la de sus primeras publicaciones tanto periodísticas como literarias. Es, en ese sentido, uno de los puntos clave la relación entre la clase social de Edwards Bello y la capital cultural del cambio de siglo, París. Reconstruir su periplo por las principales capitales europeas permite evidenciar cómo sus primeras estadías en Europa le permitieron a Edwards Bello entender el funcionamiento del campo y construir una imagen autorial no solo para ser utilizada en el viejo continente, sino también en Chile a la hora del retorno.

ResumenEste trabajo tiene por objetivo problematizar la producción escritural de Joaquín EdwardsBello (1887-1968), Vicente Huidobro (1893-1948), y dar a conocer el ingreso al campo literario de Teresa Wilms Montt (1893-1921) a través de las revistas literarias. Estos autores no sólo tienen en común haber compartido el mismo marco epocal, sino también su proveniencia social aristócrata, de buen talante económico y relacional, lo que desde su cuna les hacía pertenecer al campo de poder, lo cual les restaba autonomía frente a la elección y desarrollo de sus capitales específicos (Bourdieu, 2005). No obstante su acomodada disposición, estos escritores, particularmente Edwards Bello y Huidobro,se transformaron en productores heréticos, en tanto discutieron contra sus familias y las instituciones dominantes. Esto último se analizará desde la redefinición de la revista literaria en tanto constructora del campo y espacio de pugna de posiciones de donde participaron estos tres autores, donde desconfiguraron sus habitus.Palabras clave: Joaquín Edwards Bello, Teresa Wilms Montt, Vicente Huidobro, revistas literarias.

Texto investiga as Notas sobre o Infra-mince do artista Marcel Duchamp (1887-1968), redigidas em torno de 1935 e publicadas após sua morte por Paul Matisse, assinalando como foco de estudo as de número 01, 06, 16, 02, 46 e 03, nesta ordem. O Infra-mince é um enunciado de Marcel Duchamp na forma de um conjunto de notas, evocando aspectos sensoriais e envolvendo percepções da ordem do sensível, da sensação, da linguagem e da complexidade dos jogos de palavra. Duchamp, partindo sempre do devir imperceptível da sensação, legou-nos pelas notas do Infra-mince aquilo que considero o seu maior segredo. Esse conceito — Infra-mince — contém toda a potência de seu trabalho e induz a pensarmos em seu caráter plástico, teórico e mesmo histórico. Nas notas, observamos uma confluência entre o jogo, a palavra, a sensação e o erotismo. Destacamos a experiência sensorial como meio para a percepção do caráter lábil e flexível destas notas.

Based on a dataset of more than 5,000 contentious collective actions from 1700-2000, this paper examines the relation between popular protest and democratization of the Danish political system. The first wave of protests began in the 1830s and culminated in 1848 with the fall of absolutism and the transition to constitutional monarchy. The next protest wave from 1885 to 1887 arose from the so-called ‘constitutional struggle’ and mobilized hundreds of thousands of ordinary Danes, and contributed to the parliamentarization and nationalization of the political system. The third wave unfolded around the end of World War II, while the hitherto last wave of popular struggle erupted in 1968 with the youth rebellion. The analysis show that ‘democracy’ was the central issue of contention in all four of these protest waves, and support the main thesis that periods of intense interaction between popular protest and the state have had a decisive formative influence on the genesis and further development of Danish democracy.

The Brazilian Continental Margin hosts several deep seafloor landscapes. However, this deep margin is still poorly studied and monitored, compared to coastal and continental shelf areas, historically limited to areas of particular economic interest. Some studies financed by the Brazilian oil and gas company have been conducted off Southeast (SE) Brazil (Espírito Santo and Campos Basins) as part of the environmental licensing process for resource exploration. Similar results showed that annelid polychaetes dominated on the continental shelf and upper slope. Within a wide bathymetric range, Capitellidae species belonging to three different genera represented new records for Brazil: Mastobranchus Eisig, 1887, Peresiella Harmelin, 1968, and Polymastigos Green, 2002. Mastobranchus braziliensis sp. nov. was found in shallow waters (20–147m) of both Espírito Santo and Campos Basins; Peresiella megapapilata sp. nov. occurred from 21 to 446m of both Espírito Santo and Campos Basins; and Polymastigos profundus sp. nov. inhabited greater depths (990–1361m) of the Espírito Santo Basin only. Three new species are described and compared to other species of the respective genus, the diagnosis of some genera amended and the type material of Mastobranchus loii Gallardo, 1968 redescribed. Although the three genera have the same number of thoracic chaetigers, they present several morphological differences, and the current effort being made is to “translate” those differences into characters to be included on the generic diagnosis of each genus. Additionally, two new morphological characters were proposed for the family, the shape of thoracic chaetigers and depth of intersegmental groove.

Abstract Artikkelen drøfter sammenhenger mellom Marcel Duchamp (1887–1968) sin tenkning og danseimprovisasjon og kontaktimprovisasjon som tradisjoner. Forskningsprosjektet er tuftet på erfaring utøvere av danseimprovisasjon og kontaktimprovisasjon har gjort, og undersøker forbindelser mellom Duchamp og post-moderne improvisasjonsdanstradisjoner, og på hvilke måter bevissthet om slike forbindelser kan ha betydning for tradisjonenes utøvere. Forfatteren anvender Lindholm og Gadamers (1900–2002) tradisjonsbegrep som analytisk blikk og fortolkningsperspektiv, og får fram hvordan deler av Duchamps tankegods som kan forstås som overlevert via John Cage, Merce Cunningham og Robert Rauschenberg til dansekunstnere som var ansvarlig for oppstarten av postmoderne dans, og som i dag kan forstås som inkorporert i danseimprovisasjon og kontaktimprovisasjon. Tradisjonsperspektivet bidrar videre til å belyse hvordan utøvere kan få en økt forståelse av hva det innebærer å tilhøre en tradisjon, og hvilken betydningen det har å kjenne tradisjonen man tilhører best mulig. I tillegg synliggjøres hvordan postmoderne improvisasjonsdanstradisjoner ved Duchamp har europeiske røtter i tillegg til de amerikanske, og dette gir et utvidet perspektiv og bidrar til et mer komplekst bilde av tradisjonene både innholdsmessig og geografisk.

Hydroclimatic conditions and related water resources change in the Tibetan Plateau is one of the main concerns for future sustainable development in China. This study presents a 254-year precipitation reconstruction from August of the previous year to June of the current year for the northeastern Tibetan Plateau based on tree-ring width data of tree-ring cores of Picea crassifolia from three sampling sites. The precipitation reconstruction explained 51.4% of the variance in instrumental precipitation during the calibration period 1958–2013. Dry periods with precipitation below the 254-year average value occurred during 1848–1865, 1873–1887, 1898–1923, and 1989–2003, and wet periods (precipitation above the mean) occurred during 1769–1785, 1798–1833, 1924–1938, 1957–1968, and 2004–2013. Spatial correlation analyses with the precipitation gridded dataset showed that our reconstruction contains some strong regional-scale precipitation signals for the upper Yellow River Basin. Our precipitation reconstruction also agreed in general with other dendroclimatic precipitation reconstructions from surrounding regions. In addition, reconstructed precipitation changes were consistent with the streamflow variation of the Yellow River.

Neste artigo, analisamos um acervo de cartas escritas durante a primeira metade do século XX por Anna Spínola Teixeira (1864-1944) e pelas suas seis filhas mulheres, que teve com Deocleciano Pires Teixeira (1844-1930): Evangelina Spínola Teixeira (1886 - 1965), Celsina Spínola Teixeira (1887 - 1979), Hersília Spínola Teixeira (1891 - 1968), Leontina Spínola Teixeira (1896 - 1978), Angelina Spínola Teixeira (1905 - 1982) e Carmen Spínola Teixeira (1909 - 2002). Num total estimado de 2185 cartas (enviadas e recebidas), consultamos, principalmente, as enviadas. Para este texto, analisamos um total de 27 cartas com o objetivo de discutir sobre a fluência desse tipo de documento para a compreensão de elementos que ultrapassam os assuntos privados, com foco nos processos de migração e de circulação pelo território. Compreendemos que, para as famílias abastadas, migrações e deslocamentos se davam por opção e, quando eram motivadas por necessidade, se justificava para ter acesso a níveis mais elevados de escolarização; identificamos também a migração alheia à própria vontade, em função de interesses econômicos e patrimoniais de seus familiares.

The species of the assassin bug genus Haematoloecha Stål, 1874 (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Reduviidae: Ectrichodiinae)occurring in Taiwan are surveyed. Five species are recognized, two of them, Haematoloecha curta sp. nov. and H. pusillasp. nov. are described as new. Haematoloecha adachii Tachikawa, 1968 and H. nigrorubra Distant, 1919 are recorded forthe first time from Taiwan. Haematoloecha nigrorubra is recognized as having disjunct East Himalayan–Formosan dis-tribution pattern; a new subspecies, H. nigrorubra conspicua ssp. nov. is described for members of the Taiwanese popu-lation. A revised diagnosis of Haematoloecha is provided, species known to occur in Taiwan are keyed. The synonymyof H. nigriventris (Fallou, 1887) with H. nigrorufa (Stål, 1867) is confirmed. The colour variability of H. nigrorufa is dis-cussed. The following taxonomic changes are proposed: Haematoloecha puetzi (Kerzhner & Günther, 2004), comb. nov.(transferred from Parascadra Miller, 1954); H. nigrorubra Distant, 1919 = H. yunnana Hsiao & Ren, 1981, syn. nov.; H.rubescens Distant, 1883 = H. laeta Breddin, 1913, syn. nov. = H. laeta var. ardens Breddin, 1913, syn. nov. Lectotypes are designated for H. nigriventris, H. nigrorubra, H. nigrorufa and H. rubescens.

Knowledge of the European aquatic dance flies (Clinocerinae, Hemerodromiinae) is updated. The following new synonyms are proposed: Chelifera pallida Vaillant, 1981 with Chelifera diversicauda Collin, 1927, syn. nov.; Chelifera giraudae Vaillant, 1981 and Chelifera berdeni Vaillant, 1978 (nomen nudum) with Chelifera subangusta Collin, 1961, syn. nov.; Hemerodromia slovenica Horvat & Wagner, 1989 with Hemerodromia laudatoria Collin, 1927, syn. nov.; Hemerodromia maculata Vaillant, 1968 with Hemerodromia unilineata Zetterstedt, 1842, syn. nov.; Wiedemannia aerea Vaillant, 1967 with Wiedemannia hastata (Mik, 1880), syn. nov.; Wiedemannia brevilamellata Wagner, 1985 with Wiedemannia debilis Collin, 1961, syn. nov.; Wiedemannia bilobata Oldenberg, 1910 with Wiedemannia oxystoma (Bezzi, 1905), syn. nov. Lectotypes are designated for Clinocera (Wiedemannia) oxystoma Bezzi, 1905, Wiedemannia aerea Vaillant, 1967, Wiedemannia bilobata Oldenberg, 1910, Philolutra erminea Mik, 1887, Wiedemannia hastata (Mik, 1880), Wiedemannia mirousei Vaillant, 1956 and Phaeobalia pokornyi Mik, 1886. A neotype is designated for Wiedemannia alpina Vaillant, 1953. Wiedemannia rudolfi Wagner & Ivković, sp. nov. and Phaeobalia remschakae Wagner sp. nov. are described and figures of male terminalia are provided.

Abstract On the occasion of the 50th anniversary of the passing of the Transylvanian musician Nicolae Bretan (1887-1968), known during the interwar period due to his complex field of activity (interpreter, director, conductor, composer), we consider it necessary to elaborate a study that is critical for several reasons. Starting with the dilemmatic comments existent in the current bibliography, we propose, on the one hand, to systematize the information regarding the reception of his personality in the context of the age in which he lived and worked, and on the other hand, to outline the premises that generated the appearance of controversial writings, but especially to question their effects on the deformed stylistic perception of the musician at national and international level. We consider that this is one of the ways in which the “phenomenon of Bretan’s rebirth” can be objectively reevaluated, appreciating the existence and real contributions of a minor musician, who, although endowed with talent, could not be in the same compositional direction that included national models (George Enescu, Mihail Jora, Paul Constantinescu), are comparable to those in the universal space of the first half of the 20th century.

<p>Studia nad językiem publikacji pisarza, działacza społecznego i państwowego Ciszki Hartnego (1887–1937) w obrębie nauk filologicznych na Białorusi trwają od dawna, jednak zawierają wiele sądów polemicznych, żeby nie stwierdzić sprzecznych. Z jednej strony jest to pisarz, który aktywnie tworzył w latach 20. XX w., a język jego utworów poddawano bardzo intensywnym badaniom. W okresie 1920–2010 na ten temat opublikowano kilka artykułów. W obiegu naukowym znajduje się bogaty materiał faktograficzny. Językowi Hartnego poświęcono też fragment monografii pt. <em>Historia białoruskiego języka literackiego </em>z 1968 r. oraz rozdziały podręcznika akademickiego z zakresu historii literatury białoruskiej (1963 і 1984 r.). Kilka lat temu ukazała się monografia Alesia Kaurusa, który dokonał próby ponownej oceny publikacji z końca 1950–1960 r. Z drugiej strony opracowywanie dziedzictwa językowego Hartnego charakteryzuje brak ciągłości. W okresie poł. 1930. – kon. 1950. lat nikt nie zgłębiał języka Hartnego. Przyjęła się tradycja nie brać pod uwagę wcześniejszych prac, np. do dziś w badaniach nie znalazło oddźwięku solidne opracowanie Jazepa Losika powstałe pod koniec lat 20. XX w. Brakuje należytej metodologii opisu języka Hartnego jako części składowej historii białoruskiego języka literackiego. Do dziś język Hartnego jest oceniany nie z perspektywy historycznej, tylko jako potencjalna realizacji współczesnego języka literackiego.</p>

This article presents an introduction to the publication of “Foreword” (1940) — prepared by P.A. Sorokin (1889–1968), a Russian and American sociologist — for the first American edition of “Community and Society” (1887) by F. Tönnies (1855‒1936), a German sociologist. “Foreword” is examined as a standalone theoretical piece in order to complete the historical-sociological facts and circumstances of its creation and publication, the ideological connections of the text in question with any other theories, and above all — with the sociology created by F. Tönnies. In “Foreword”, which is filled with references to ideas by major representatives of Chinese, European and Arab cultures and to the social values in their ideological heritage, P.A. Sorokin established the universal character of the social organization types introduced by F. Tönnies — “community and society” (“Gemeinschaft und Gesellschaft” in German) — and stated his ideological affiliation to this dichotomy. Thus, the project for the theory of society and social evolution by P.A. Sorokin has been shown to cover both social forms introduced by F. Tönnies. The identified social values, which constitute an independent foundation for Sorokin’s theory of society and social evolution, help in developing the gnoseological aspect of his sociology. The writing of F. Tönnies, as well as P.A. Sorokin’s “Foreword”, defined their era. They include multiple points for incorporating new ideas in order to expand and evolve the theory of modern society.

In academia, the importance of interdisciplinary discourse (IDD) as an instrument of change and evolution for disciplines and subfields has expanded considerably in modern times. The concept of discourse continues to develop as a means of sharing and transmitting communication, dialogue, and ideas across disciplinary boundaries. While basic levels of discourse are simple, they can progress into more advanced stages where distinctive challenges arise. Under such circumstances, the transmission process has a significant impact on the substantive scholarship and value structures of the recipient discipline, causing it to recast itself in order to effectively absorb transmissions. For some disciplines, transmissions over the long run are beneficial and lead to progressive change and development. For others which did not form their owndistinct identities early in the developmental stages, the IDD process results incomplications since appropriate interfaces do not exist to absorb the transmissions received. This has the potential to trigger an identity crisis, as has been the case with public administration. This article examines three distinct periods of recasting in public administration: 1) early development and the influence of business models (1887-1940); 2) the development of a science of administration (1940-1968); and 3) postmodernism and public administration (1969—present). While public administration has evolved considerably across these periods of recasting, it has not escaped the immanent progression toward an identity crisis.

The supraspecific taxonomy of the species traditionally attributed to the flea beetle genusBlepharidaChevrolat, 1836 is discussed. A cladistic analysis, based on 30 morphological characters of traditionalBlepharidaspecies, has revealed that two genera occur in Sub-Saharan Africa:CalothecaHeyden, 1887 andBlepharidinaBechyné, 1968. The latter genus is known from Africa, and probably also Madagascar, and has two subgenera:Blepharidinas.str. andAfroblepharidasubgen. nov. Twenty-seven traditionalBlepharidaspecies are here attributed to the genusCalothecaHeyden, while eighteen species are assigned to the genusBlepharidinaBechyné. FourBlepharidinaspecies,antinorii(Chapuis, 1879),gedyei(Bryant, 1948),scripta(Weise, 1904) andsomaliensis(Bryant, 1948), belong to the new subgenusAfroblepharida. The following new synonymies are established:Eutheca conradsiWeise, 1906= Eutheca erlangeriWeise, 1907 syn. nov. =Blepharidella irregularisBryant, 1945 syn. nov.;Blepharida marginalisWeise, 1902 =Blepharida monticolaWeise, 1926 syn. nov. =Blepharida ugandaeBryant, 1944 syn. nov.;Blepharida inornataJacoby, 1895 =Blepharida semisulcataAchard, 1922 syn. nov.;Blepharidella lewiniWeise in Lewin, 1912 =Blepharidella picticollisBryant, 1945 syn. nov.;Podontia nigrotessellataBaly, 1865= Blepharidella rubrosignataBryant, 1945 syn. nov.= Blepharidella variabilisBryant, 1945 syn. nov.;Blepharida ornataBaly, 1881= Blepharida freyiBechyné, 1954 syn. nov.;Podontia reticulataBaly, 1865= Blepharida guttulaBryant, 1944 syn. nov.;Blepharida antinoriiChapuis, 1879 =Blepharida sudanicaBryant, 1944 syn. nov.;Blepharida scriptaWeise, 1904= Blepharida geminataBryant, 1944 syn. nov. In addition:Blepharida plagipennisAchard, 1922, its locality certainly mislabeled, is transferred to the New World genusNotozonaChevrolat, 1837;Calotheca thunbergiis proposed as the new name forBlepharida stolida(Thunberg, 1808). Finally, an updated catalogue of the known species ofCalothecaandBlepharidinais also supplied, including new synonymies, material examined, new faunistic records, distributions and chorotypes.

Despite being ‘one of the most notable leaders of the German Communist movement’, Ernst Meyer (1887–1930) remains relatively unknown. Prior to the online publication of the author’s PhD dissertation – an extensive 666-page biography of Meyer – there existed beyond two short biographies – an informative political autobiography from Meyer’s wife Rosa Meyer-Leviné and an essay by Hermann Weber published in 1968 – and some recent texts from the author, no other publications dealing closely with his life and work. Of these, only Meyer-Leviné’s biography has been published in English. Meyer played a major role in the left wing of the German labour movement, beginning in 1908 when he joined the German Social-Democratic Party (spd) until his death over twenty years later. A friend and collaborator of Rosa Luxemburg, he was also one of the founding and leading members of the International Group and its successor, the Spartacus League, in which the radical, anti-war wing of Social Democracy organised itself after the outbreak of World War i. He represented both of these groups as a delegate to the international conferences of anti-war socialists at Zimmerwald (1915) and Kienthal (1916). Elected to the kpd’s Zentrale at the party’s founding conference, Meyer remained a member of the leadership almost continuously in the years to come, occupying various leading positions. He also represented the party at the Second and Fourth World-Congresses of the Communist International (1920 and 1922).

The present study deals with the revision of type and non-type material from 14 species of Megalomma Johansson, 1925 (Polychaeta: Sabellidae) which have been described from America: M. bioculatum (Ehlers, 1887), M. carunculata Tovar-Hernández and Salazar-Vallejo, 2008, M. circumspectum (Moore, 1923), M. coloratum (Chamberlin, 1919), M. fauchaldi Giangrande, Licciano and Gambi, 2007, M. gesae Knight-Jones, 1997, M. heterops Perkins, 1984, M. lobiferum (Ehlers, 1887), M. modestum (de Quatrefages, 1866), M. pacifici (Grube, 1859), M. perkinsi Tovar-Hernández and Salazar-Vallejo, 2006, M. pigmentum Reish, 1963, M. roulei (Gravier, 1908b) and M. splendidum (Moore, 1905); five from other world-wide localities: M. acrophthalmos (Grube, 1878), M. claparedei (Gravier, 1908a), M. lanigera (Grube, 1846), M. mushaense (Gravier, 1908a), M. sp.; and the formal description of a new species: Megalomma georgiense n. sp., from USA. The genus Megalomma was amended based on radiolar, peristomial and chaetal features. Megalomma roulei (Gravier, 1908b) is declared incertae sedis. Megalomma clara (Chamberlin, 1919) is synonymized with M. coloratum (Chamberlin, 1919). Megalomma pigmentum Reish, 1963 and M. monoculata Hartmann-Schröder, 1965 are cryptic. A key is included to the American species of Megalomma. A cladistic analysis was conducted based on examination of type material from the species reviewed in this study and from twelve species based on original descriptions (M. cinctum Fitzhugh, 2003, M. inflata Capa & Murray, 2009, M. interrupta Capa and Murray, 2009, M. kaikourense Knight-Jones, 1997, M. messapicum Giangrande and Licciano, 2008, M. miyukiae Nishi, 1998, M. multioculatum Fitzhugh, 2002, M. nechamae Knight-Jones, 1997, M. phyllisae Capa and Murray, 2009, M. trioculatum Reish, 1968, M. quadrioculatum (Willey, 1905) and M. vesiculosum (Montagu, 1815)). The phylogenetic reconstruction of Megalomma using parsimony analysis of 32 morphological characters yielded 26 equally most parsimonious trees (CI= 0.38, RI= 0.56). The hypotheses by Capa and Murray (2009) that considered species with dorsal collar margins fused to the faecal groove (Knight-Jones’s group 1) as part of an apomorphic clade, and those with dorsal collar margins unfused to the faecal groove (Knight-Jones’s group 2) as plesiomorphic, are not supported in this present study. In our analysis, species nested in group 2 comprises one of the most derived clades, while the clade containing species of group 1 was not recovered. DNA barcoding of M. coloratum, M. lobiferum and M. carunculata is included.

Actual problems of origin, formation, anthropogenic transformation and disappearance modern geosystems between Western Bug, Rata and Solokiya rivers are considered. Special attention devoted to formation conditions research of Yastrubetska Delta as uncharacteristic for region of the Western Bug river valley. Based on retrospective-geographic analysis of literature and cartographic sources of the XVIII–XX centuries are traced stages of the Yastrubetska delta geosystems development and surrounding landscapes of between-river basin. In the second part of article analyzes the large-scale (1 : 25,000) cartographic works, in particular, the Austrian maps of the Third Topographic Survey (1869–1887), the Polish maps of the Military Geographical Institute (1929–1939) and the USSR Soviet General Staff maps (1968–1989). An overview of last three of five historical and geographical stages topographic maps made it possible to investigate and interpret conditions of Small-Polissya landscapes functioning and development in second half of XIX-th – second half of XX-th centuries. Maps of scale 1 : 50,000 – 1 : 300,000 used for clarifying geographical and landscape-ecological situation. The main tendencies of Western Bug, Rata and Solokiya rivers interfluve landscapes transformation for the last 240 years was analyzed. The best indicator for natural conditions transformation are changes in river network, forestation and territory bogging. The analysis of cartographic materials shows that the majority of channels and distributaries of Western Bug and its tributaries, especially within limits of Yastrubetska Delta and a significant reduction of forested areas and wetlands. Key words: landscape; geosystem; river valley; channel; delta; rivers interfluve.

Professor Alexander M. Seagal (1887–1968), was one of the first Russian cardiologists to identify cardiac arrhythmias as a separate independent problem in cardiology. In addition to numerous works on various issues of therapy and cardiology, he is the author of apparently the first Russian monograph on arrhythmology, "Rhythms of Cardiac Activity and Their Disorders," entirely devoted to cardiac arrhythmias and which went through two editions in Soviet times (1935 and 1958). An analysis of the mechanisms of not only pathological rhythms, but also physiological ones was carried out, an original clinical and electrocardiographic classification of bradycardias ("neurogenic" and "myogenic") and paroxysmal tachycardias was given, the electrophysiological and pathohistological basis of arrhythmias known at that time and methods of their treatment were analyzed. The book shows variants of arrhythmias that are still rare today ("cardiac alternation", etc.), and describes clinical variants of paroxysmal tachycardias, including atypical ones — induced by allergic triggers. In all cases of clinical examples, not only the clinical description and ECG picture of the arrhythmia are provided, but also the necessary therapeutic measures and prognosis. The clinic of arrhythmogenic syncope and other arrhythmic symptoms, which are still relevant in our time, is analyzed. Being a famous music connoisseur, A. M. Seagal used an original approach to recording the tones and rhythms of the heart, using a musical staff. Many clinical observations and conclusions are interesting and relevant in our time. A. M. Seagal was undoubtedly the one who stood at the origins of Russian arrhythmology, as a separate direction in cardiology.

According to the UN Charter (Article 26), the UN Security Council is the primary organ responsible for the maintenance of international peace and security. Nuclear states agreed to the adoption of a UN Security Council Resolution that provided positive security assurances. The adoption of UN Security Council Resolution №255 on June 19, 1968, was of particular significance. This resolution stipulated that instances of aggression involving the use of nuclear weapons or the threat of such aggression against a non-nuclear-weapon state would require immediate action by the UN Security Council and its permanent members, who are nuclear-armed states. The aim of the work is to determine the role of the UN Security Council in the system of preventing the proliferation of nuclear weapons. The methodological basis of the study will focus on the analysis and understanding of the impact of the UN Security Council on strategies and measures aimed at preventing the spread of nuclear weapons in the international context. The results of our research have shown that the role of the UN Security Council in the disarmament of Iraq’s nuclear program, which could have led to the development of nuclear weapons, proved to be significant. To achieve this, in accordance with UN Security Council Resolution №687 adopted on April 3, 1991, the Special Commission (UNSCOM) was established. During an extraordinary meeting of the UN Security Council at the highest level on September 24, 2009, Resolution UN Security Council Resolution № 1887 was adopted, aimed at supporting nuclear non-proliferation, criticizing Iran and North Korea. Resolution №1887 outlines measures to strengthen control and the rights of nuclear-weapon states to demand the return of nuclear materials and equipment in case of violations of the Non-Proliferation Treaty or withdrawal from it. It also involves enhancing security measures for the storage of nuclear materials and strict export controls. Conclusions. In our opinion, the powers of the UN Security Council in the field of non-proliferation of weapons of mass destruction should be utilized more promptly and effectively. The insufficient effectiveness of this international mechanism in preventing proliferation remains a cause for serious concern among UN members worldwide. To enhance the effectiveness of the UN Security Council, we propose the adoption of a comprehensive resolution that includes provisions on the procedure for a state’s withdrawal from the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons (NPT) and its violation of commitments to refrain from acquiring nuclear weapons. This resolution should stipulate the imposition of sanctions against such a state based on a special report from the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA). Such a mechanism can ensure an effective impact of the international community on states that withdraw from the NPT.

The British architect Oliver Hill (1887–1968) was an important and influential figure in the inter-war period. His ability to cross the boundaries of architectural style ensured career longevity and success, but invited a reputation as a half-hearted Modernist, lacking the rigour of his Modern Architectural Research (MARS) Group contemporaries. This view was acknowledged by the MARS chairman Wells Coates (1895–1958), in an early group memorandum of 1933, where he asserted that: ‘Certain people [including Oliver Hill] who are popularly and notoriously known as “modern” architects do not qualify in our sense.’ Unquestionably, there were two sides to Hill’s architecture, as he himself recognized in 1937: ‘Today, my love is divided between the new and the old.’While the MARS Group stuck rigidly to the dogma of the Modern Movement, Hill’s understanding and application of Modernism developed throughout the 1930s. Hill’s Modern buildings chronicle his shifting concept of modernity, reflecting the numerous sub-movements and strands of Modernism in inter-war Britain rather than any halfheartedness in his approach. Commonly remembered for his glitzy early examples of ‘the new’, such as Joldwynds (1930–32) and the Midland Hotel in Morecambe (1932–33), Hill’s Modernism was initially based upon a use of glass and silvered surfaces that straddled Art Deco and the International Style. Yet opulence was gradually replaced by a social concern focused on children’s welfare, evident in a series of exhibits, unrealized projects and school buildings. Hill’s later inter-war Modernism also reflected a wider move toward local materials and construction techniques that acknowledged the peculiarity of English conditions. This article contextualizes Hill’s adoption of Modernism and explores his public work of the late 1930s that combined his fascination for the new with his respect for national tradition.

The currently being prepared for publication “Foreword” to F. Tönnies’ work “Community and Society” was written by Harvard University professor P.A. Sorokin (1889–1968), who was a Russian/American sociologist. It was first published alongside the English translation of Tönnies’ book, issued in New York back in 1940. According to P.A. Sorokin, Tönnies’ community and society dichotomy represents a universal categorical description of two opposing forms of social organization. They appear in the social evolution of various civilizations and in the writings of their founders. P.A. Sorokin considered Tönnies to be one of the contemporary successors to the tradition of describing society in such a way. Tönnies’ book was ahead of its time. It is mentioned in “Foreword” that the first German edition, published in 1887, did not attract readers’ attention. However, when the 20th century came around — this book became a point of reference for German social scientists, as well as for educated individuals among the general public. “Foreword” mentions the reason for its rapid increase in popularity, which turned out to be a rapid and widespread transition from “community” to a “society” based on contractual relations. P.A. Sorokin points out that Tönnies created his essay during a time when the “Gesellschaft type of society” was “triumphantly rooting out the Gemeinschaft”. However, even back then Tönnies highlighted the shortcomings of capitalism as a form of social life. The American edition of Tönnies’ book, published in 1940, was its first complete translation to a foreign language (the 1927 Japanese edition had been shortened). P.A. Sorokin’s “Foreword” to this edition marked the beginning of this writing’s worldwide fame. This is the first time “Foreword” has ever been published in Russian. It was not included in the 2002 Russian edition of Tönnies’ book. This publication, however, makes up for such an omission in theoretical sociology. The publication together with commentary has been prepared by N.A. Golovin.

High morphological plasticity in populations of brine shrimp subjected to different environmental conditions, mainly salinity, hindered for centuries the identification of the taxonomic entities encompassed within Artemia. In addition, the mismatch between molecular and morphological evolution rates complicates the characterization of evolutionary lineages, generating taxonomic problems. Here, we propose a phylogenetic hypothesis for Artemia based on two new complete mitogenomes, and determine levels of congruence in the definition of evolutionary units using nuclear and mtDNA data. We used a fossil of Artemia to calibrate the molecular clock and discuss divergence times within the genus. The hypothesis proposed herein suggests a more recent time frame for lineage splitting than previously considered. Phylogeographic analyses were performed using GenBank available mitochondrial and nuclear markers. Evidence of gen e flow, identified through discordances between nuclear and mtDNA markers, was used to reconsider the specific status of some taxa. As a result, we consider Artemia to be represented by five evolutionary units: Southern Cone, Mediterranean—South African, New World, Western Asian, and Eastern Asian Lineages. After an exhaustive bibliographical revision, unavailable names for nomenclatural purposes were discarded. The remaining available names have been assigned to their respective evolutionary lineage. The proper names for the evolutionary units in which brine shrimps are structured remain as follows: Artemia persimilis Piccinelli & Prosdocimi, 1968 for the Southern Cone Lineage, Artemia salina (Linnaeus, 1758) for the Mediterranean-SouthAfrican Lineage, Artemia urmiana Günther, 1899 for the Western Asian Lineage, and Artemia sinica Cai, 1989 for the Eastern Asian Lineage. The name Artemia monica Verrill, 1869 has nomenclatural priority over A. franciscana Kellogg, 1906 for naming the New World Lineage. New synonymies are proposed for A. salina (= C. dybowskii Grochowski, 1896 n. syn., and A. tunisiana Bowen & Sterling, 1978 n. syn.), A. monica (= A. franciscana Kellogg, 1906 n. syn., and A. salina var. pacifica Sars, 1904 n. syn.); A. urmiana (= B. milhausenii Fischer de Waldheim, 1834 n. syn., A. koeppeniana Fischer, 1851 n. syn., A. proxima King, 1855 n. syn., A. s. var. biloba Entz, 1886 n. syn., A. s. var. furcata Entz, 1886 n. syn., A. asiatica Walter, 1887 n. syn., A. parthenogenetica Bowen & Sterling, 1978 n. syn., A. ebinurica Qian & Wang, 1992 n. syn., A. murae Naganawa, 2017 n. syn., and A. frameshifta Naganawa & Mura, 2017 n. syn.). Internal deep nuclear structuring within the A. monica and A. salina clades, might suggest the existence of additional evolutionary units within these taxa.

Meloidogyne hapla is one of the most damaging plant-parasitic nematodes in temperate regions. This nematode has a wide host range with more than 500 plant taxa including roses. In Ethiopia, rose production has developed over the past 10 years to the second most important export market after coffee. Considering the high damage potential of M. hapla, infestation of roses in Ethiopia with this nematode could result in major economic losses. Therefore, awareness of this nematode species is extremely important. During two surveys conducted in August 2011 and April 2012, M. hapla was detected in soil samples from six out of nine rose producing farms located in the districts of Ziway, Holleta, Sebeta, and Menagesha. At infested farms, rose plants appeared stunted and less productive and often showed symptoms of chlorosis and wilting. Identification was based on morphological and morphometrical characters of females, males, and second-stage juveniles, which were all within the range of variability known for this species (4). Shape of juvenile stylet knobs, shape of male head, and perennial pattern of the females with characteristic punctuations between the anus and tail terminus were also typical for M. hapla. The morphological identification was confirmed by sequence analysis of the D2-D3 expansion segment of the 28S rDNA gene following amplification with the primers D2A (5′-ACAAGTACCGTGAGGGAAAGTT-3′) and D3B (5′-TCGGAAGGAACCAGCTACTA-3′) (1). PCR products were purified and sequenced at the Macrogene sequencing facility service (Amsterdam, The Netherlands). Sequences were deposited in GenBank (KJ645427 to 33). The sequences were compared with previously published sequences in NCBI database and showed 96 to 100% sequence similarity with M. hapla accession nos. GQ130139, DQ328685, KF430798, and DQ145641. Unfortunately, comparison of sequences did not provide further information about the origin of this Ethiopian population, if it is native to Ethiopia or was imported with infected plant material. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first record of M. hapla occurring in Ethiopia. M. hapla is known as a serious pest of roses in colder climate regions. In Africa, it was previously reported from Tanzania (3) and South Africa (2). Thus, it appears that this species has now become also established in Ethiopia at higher altitudes (1,400 to 2,100 m above sea level) within the urban hinterland of Addis Ababa. References: (1) Baldwin et al. Mol. Phy. Evol. 8:248, 1887. (2) J. H. O'Bannon. Institute Agri. Res. 29, 1975. (3) E. Onkendi and L. N. Moleleki. Eur. J. Pl. Pathol. 136:1, 2013. (4) A. G. Whitehead. Trans. Zool. Soc. Lon.31:263, 1968.

An integral inculturated faith is anchored to the Filipino cultural heritage and identity. Primal cosmic beliefs and practices carried the holistic customs of stewardships towards God’s creation where it embodied the union and mutuality of the natives to nature rather than control and subordination. The research utilized primary materials written by Spanish ethnographers in the 16th-17th century. Although their observations were from the colonizers’ perspectives, it still revealed beliefs and practices at that time common among early Filipinos. One needs to filter and decipher those accounts to unearth early Filipinos experiences of oikenomous. Although the study was limited to the Tagalogs, still the dynamics of power-relations between the inhabitants and nature were demonstrated using the lenses of Foucault’s discourse on power. 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В статье приведен краткий историографический обзор научных работ, посвящённых изучению погребального обряда дольменной культурно-исторической общности на территории Северо-Западного Кавказа и Абхазии. В обзор включены публикации археологов и историков дореволюционного, советского и постсоветского периодов. Автором статьи рассмотрены суждения о предназначениях дольменов: это родовые гробницы или храмы. Выявлено несколько проблемных вопросов. Среди которых датировка дольменных памятников, а также их периодизация, которые представляют одно из ключевых направлений в изучении дольменной культуры. Перечислены теории погребального обряда, где преобладает мнение о захоронениях в сидячем положении. Приведен краткий перечень инвентаря, сопровождающий погребения. Описаны случаи вторичных захоронений, в которых встречаются и предметы средневекового времени. Библиографические ссылки Аханов И.И. Геленджикские курганные дольмены // СА. 1961. № 1. С. 139–150. Бжания В.В. Раскопки дольменов в селе Хуап в 1982 году / В. В. Бжания, И. И. Цвинария, Д. С. Бжания // Археологические открытия 1981-1982 гг. в Абхазии / Отв. ред. Г.К. Шамба. Тбилиси: МЕЦНИЕРЕБА, 1985. С. 8–14. Воронов Ю.Н. Древности Сочи и его окрестностей. Краснодар: Краснодарское книжное издательство, 1979. 125 с. Иващенко И.И. Исследование архаических памятников материальной культуры в Абхазии. Тифлис, 1935. 86 с. Куфтин Б.А. Материалы к археологии Колхиды. Тбилиси: Техника да шрома, 1949. 360 с. Лавров Л.И. Дольмены северо-западного Кавказа // Труды Абхазского института языка, литературы и истории им. Д. И. Гулиа. Вып. 31. / Гл. ред. X. С. Бгажба. Сухуми, 1960. С. 101–179. Ловпаче Н.Г. Преемственная связь адыго-абхазской культуры с испыунами (дольменами) Западного Кавказа // Древняя и средневековая культура адыгов. Материалы Международной научно-практической конференции (Нальчик, 16-20 октября 2013 г.). Ч. I / Отв. ред. Б.Х. Бгажноков, В.А. Фоменко. Нальчик: Издательский отдел КБИГИ РАН, 2014. С. 88–100. Марковин В.И. Дольменные постройки в бассейне реки Кяфар // СА. 1983. № 3. С. 90–109. Пачулиа В.П. Исторические памятники Абхазии, их значение и охрана. М.: Наука, 1968. 168 с. Рысин М.Б. Культурная трансформация и культура строителей дольменов на Кавказе // Древние общества Кавказа в эпоху палеометалла (ранние комплексные общества и вопросы культурной трансформации) / Археологические изыскания. Вып. 46. / Отв. ред. В.М. Массон. Санкт-Петербург: Европейский Дом, 1997. № 46. С. 85–123. Самоквасов Д.Я. Могильные древности Пятигорского округа // Труды V археологического съезда в Тифлисе в 1881 г. М. 1887. 411 с. Смирнов А.М. Пустой дольмен: утрата источника или норма погребальной практики // Stratum Plus. 2010. №2 С. 169–184. Соловьев Л.Н. Погребения дольменной культуры в Абхазии и прилегающей части Адлерского района // Труды Абхазского института языка, литературы и истории им. Д. И. Гулиа. Вып. 31. / Гл. ред. X. С. Бгажба. Сухуми, 1960. С. 69-101. Трифонов В.А. Дольмены в долине реки Жане // Археологические открытия: Европейская Россия 1991-2004 / Отв. ред. Н.А. Макаров. М.: ИА РАН, 2009. С. 115–128. Фелицын Е.Д. Кубанские древности. Дольмены - богатырские дома ст. Баговской, Майкопского уезда // Известия Императорского общества любителей естествознания, антропологии и этнографии. 1879. № 31. 28 с. Цвинария И.И. Раскопки дольменов в с. Отхара (Гудуатский район) // Полевые археологические исследования в 1977 г. / Под ред. О. Лордкипанидзе, Т. Микеладзе, И. Джалаганиа. Тбилиси: Мецниереба, 1980. С. 26–32.

Changes to the treatment of Coleoptera family-group names published by Bouchard et al. (2011) are given. These include necessary additions and corrections based on much-appreciated suggestions from our colleagues, as well as our own research. Our ultimate goal is to assemble a complete list of available Coleoptera family-group names published up to the end of 2010 (including information about their spelling, author, year of publication, and type genus). The following 59 available Coleoptera family-group names are based on type genera not included in Bouchard et al. (2011): Prothydrinae Guignot, 1954, Aulonogyrini Ochs, 1953 (Gyrinidae); Pogonostomini Mandl 1954, Merismoderini Wasmann, 1929, †Escheriidae Kolbe, 1880 (Carabidae); Timarchopsinae Wang, Ponomarenko &amp; Zhang, 2010 (Coptoclavidae); Stictocraniini Jakobson, 1914 (Staphylinidae); Cylindrocaulini Zang, 1905, Kaupiolinae Zang, 1905 (Passalidae); Phaeochroinae Kolbe, 1912 (Hybosoridae); Anthypnidae Chalande, 1884 (Glaphyridae); Comophorini Britton, 1957, Comophini Britton, 1978, Chasmidae Streubel, 1846, Mimelidae Theobald, 1882, Rhepsimidae Streubel, 1846, Ometidae Streubel, 1846, Jumnidae Burmeister, 1842, Evambateidae Gistel, 1856 (Scarabaeidae); Protelmidae Jeannel, 1950 (Byrrhoidea); Pseudeucinetini Csiki, 1924 (Limnichidae); Xylotrogidae Schönfeldt, 1887 (Bostrichidae); †Mesernobiinae Engel, 2010, Fabrasiinae Lawrence &amp; Reichardt, 1966 (Ptinidae); Arhinopini Kirejtshuk &amp; Bouchard, 2018 (Nitidulidae); Hypodacninae Dajoz, 1976, Ceuthocera Mannerheim, 1852 (Cerylonidae); Symbiotinae Joy, 1932 (Endomychidae); Cheilomenini Schilder &amp; Schilder, 1928, Veraniini Schilder &amp; Schilder, 1928 (Coccinellidae); Ennearthroninae Chûjô, 1939 (Ciidae); Curtimordini Odnosum, 2010, Mordellochroini Odnosum, 2010 (Mordellidae); Chanopterinae Borchmann, 1915 (Promecheilidae); Heptaphyllini Prudhomme de Borre, 1886, Olocratarii Baudi di Selve, 1875, Opatrinaires Mulsant &amp; Rey, 1853, Telacianae Poey, 1854, Ancylopominae Pascoe, 1871 (Tenebrionidae); Oxycopiini Arnett, 1984 (Oedemeridae); Eutrypteidae Gistel, 1856 (Mycteridae); Pogonocerinae Iablokoff-Khnzorian, 1985 (Pyrochroidae); Amblyderini Desbrochers des Loges, 1899 (Anthicidae); Trotommideini Pic, 1903 (Scraptiidae); Acmaeopsini Della Beffa, 1915, Trigonarthrini Villiers, 1984, Eunidiini Téocchi, Sudre &amp; Jiroux, 2010 (Cerambycidae); Macropleini Lopatin, 1977, Stenopodiides Horn, 1883, Microrhopalides Horn, 1883, Colaphidae Siegel, 1866, Lexiphanini Wilcox, 1954 (Chrysomelidae); †Medmetrioxenoidesini Legalov, 2010, †Megametrioxenoidesini Legalov, 2010 (Nemonychidae); Myrmecinae Tanner, 1966, Tapinotinae Joy, 1932, Acallinae Joy, 1932, Cycloderini Hoffmann, 1950, Sthereini Hatch, 1971 (Curculionidae). The following 21 family-group names, listed as unavailable in Bouchard et al. (2011), are determined to be available: Eohomopterinae Wasmann, 1929 (Carabidae); Prosopocoilini Benesh, 1960, Pseudodorcini Benesh, 1960, Rhyssonotini Benesh, 1960 (Lucanidae); Galbini Beaulieu, 1919 (Eucnemidae); Troglopates Mulsant &amp; Rey, 1867 (Melyridae); Hippodamiini Weise, 1885 (Coccinellidae); Micrositates Mulsant &amp; Rey, 1854, Héliopathaires Mulsant &amp; Rey, 1854 (Tenebrionidae); Hypasclerini Arnett, 1984; Oxaciini Arnett, 1984 (Oedemeridae); Stilpnonotinae Borchmann, 1936 (Mycteridae); Trogocryptinae Lawrence, 1991 (Salpingidae); Grammopterini Della Beffa, 1915, Aedilinae Perrier, 1893, Anaesthetinae Perrier, 1893 (Cerambycidae); Physonotitae Spaeth, 1942, Octotomides Horn, 1883 (Chrysomelidae); Sympiezopinorum Faust, 1886, Sueinae Murayama, 1959, Eccoptopterini Kalshoven, 1959 (Curculionidae). The following names were proposed as new without reference to family-group names based on the same type genus which had been made available at an earlier date: Dineutini Ochs, 1926 (Gyrinidae); Odonteini Shokhin, 2007 (Geotrupidae); Fornaxini Cobos, 1965 (Eucnemidae); Auletobiina Legalov, 2001 (Attelabidae). The priority of several family-group names, listed as valid in Bouchard et al. (2011), is affected by recent bibliographic discoveries or new nomenclatural interpretations. †Necronectinae Ponomarenko, 1977 is treated as permanently invalid and replaced with †Timarchopsinae Wang, Ponomarenko &amp; Zhang, 2010 (Coptoclavidae); Agathidiini Westwood, 1838 is replaced by the older name Anisotomini Horaninow, 1834 (Staphylinidae); Cyrtoscydmini Schaufuss, 1889 is replaced by the older name Stenichnini Fauvel, 1885 (Staphylinidae); Eremazinae Iablokoff-Khnzorian, 1977 is treated as unavailable and replaced with Eremazinae Stebnicka, 1977 (Scarabaeidae); Coryphocerina Burmeister, 1842 is replaced by the older name Rhomborhinina Westwood, 1842 (Scarabaeidae); Eudysantina Bouchard, Lawrence, Davies &amp; Newton, 2005 is replaced by the older name Dysantina Gebien, 1922 which is not permanently invalid (Tenebrionidae). The names Macraulacinae/-ini Fleutiaux, 1923 (Eucnemidae), Anamorphinae Strohecker, 1953 (Endomychidae), Pachycnemina Laporte, 1840 (Scarabaeidae), Thaumastodinae Champion, 1924 (Limnichidae), Eudicronychinae Girard, 1971 (Elateridae), Trogoxylini Lesne, 1921 (Bostrichidae), Laemophloeidae Ganglbauer, 1899 (Laemophloeidae); Ancitini Aurivillius, 1917 (Cerambycidae) and Tropiphorini Marseul, 1863 (Curculionidae) are threatened by the discovery of older names; Reversal of Precedence (ICZN 1999: Art. 23.9) or an application to the International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature will be necessary to retain usage of the younger synonyms. Reversal of Precedence is used herein to qualify the following family-group names as nomina protecta: Murmidiinae Jacquelin du Val, 1858 (Cerylonidae) and Chalepini Weise, 1910 (Chrysomelidae). The following 17 Coleoptera family-group names (some of which are used as valid) are homonyms of other family-group names in zoology, these cases must be referred to the Commission for a ruling to remove the homonymy: Catiniidae Ponomarenko, 1968 (Catiniidae); Homopterinae Wasmann, 1920, Glyptini Horn, 1881 (Carabidae); Tychini Raffray, 1904, Ocypodina Hatch, 1957 (Staphylinidae); Gonatinae Kuwert, 1891 (Passalidae); Aplonychidae Burmeister, 1855 (Scarabaeidae); Microchaetini Paulus, 1973 (Byrrhidae); Epiphanini Muona, 1993 (Eucnemidae); Limoniina Jakobson, 1913 (Elateridae); Ichthyurini Champion, 1915 (Cantharidae); Decamerinae Crowson, 1964 (Trogossitidae); Trichodidae Streubel, 1839 (Cleridae); Monocorynini Miyatake, 1988 (Coccinellidae); Gastrophysina Kippenberg, 2010, Chorinini Weise, 1923 (Chrysomelidae); Meconemini Pierce, 1930 (Anthribidae). The following new substitute names are proposed: Phoroschizus (to replace Schizophorus Ponomarenko, 1968) and Phoroschizidae (to replace Schizophoridae Ponomarenko, 1968); Mesostyloides (to replace Mesostylus Faust, 1894) and Mesostyloidini (to replace Mesostylini Reitter, 1913). The following new genus-group name synonyms are proposed [valid names in square brackets]: Plocastes Gistel, 1856 [Aesalus Fabricius, 1801] (Lucanidae); Evambates Gistel, 1856 [Trichius Fabricius, 1775] (Scarabaeidae); Homoeoplastus Gistel, 1856 [Byturus Latreille, 1797] (Byturidae). Two type genera previously treated as preoccupied and invalid, Heteroscelis Latreille, 1828 and Dysantes Pascoe, 1869 (Tenebrionidae), are determined to be senior homonyms based on bibliographical research. While Dysantes is treated as valid here, Reversal of Precedence (ICZN 1999: Art. 23.9) is used to conserve usage of Anomalipus Guérin-Méneville, 1831 over Heteroscelis.

Omissions from and corrections to Alonso Zarazaga & Lyal (1999) are given. The following 19 valid taxa described before 2000 were absent and are now included: Brarus Kuschel, 1997 in Nemonychidae, Brachycorynus, Habroxenus, Neoxenus, Sicanthus and Trigonorhinini (all of Valentine, 1999 in Anthribidae), Gobicar Gratshev & Zherikhin, 1999 in Eccoptarthridae, Neoicaris Hoffmann, 1968 in Erirhinidae, Baezia Alonso-Zarazaga & García, 1999, Ecezius Thompson, 1982, Hirtegrius Colonnelli, 1999, Kyklioacalles Stueben, 1999, Neasphalmus Nakane, 1963, Neomroczkowskiella Kania, 1999, Notegrius Colonnelli, 1999, Onyxacalles Stueben, 1999, Oreochorus Zaslavskij & Korotyaev, 1998, Perigasteromimus Colonnelli, 1999, Pseudoglyptobaris Thompson, 1982 and Strophocodes Pelletier, 1999 in Curculionidae. A new replacement name is proposed in Attelabidae: Riedeliops Alonso-Zarazaga & Lyal (subgenus of Euops Schoenherr, 1839) nom. nov. for Charops Riedel, 1998 (non Holmgren, 1858). New synonymies are: Basitropini Lacordaire, 1866 (= Eugonini Lacordaire, 1866, syn. nov.) in Anthribidae; Haplorhynchites (Haplorhynchites) Voss, 1924 (= Aphlorhynchites Sawada, 1993, syn. nov., removed from synonymy with Teretriorhynchites) in Rhynchitidae; Belorhynchus Berthold, 1827 (= Belopherus Schoenherr, 1833, syn. nov.) and Arrhenodini Lacordaire, 1866 (= Belorhynchini Lacordaire, 1866, syn. nov.) in Brentidae; Otiorhynchus (Dorymerus) Seidlitz, 1890 (= Otiorhynchus (Normotionus) Reitter, 1912, syn. nov.), Pseudomeira Stierlin, 1881 (= Neoperitelinus O’Brien & Wibmer, 1982, syn. nov.), Polydrusini Schoenherr, 1823 (= Liophloeidae Gistel, 1848, syn. nov.), Leptomias (Leptomias) Faust, 1886 (= Formanekia Fleischer, 1923, syn. nov.) and Trachodini Gistel, 1848 (= Acicnemidini Lacordaire, 1866, syn. nov.) in Curculionidae. New type species designations are: Hypera arvernica Capiomont, 1868 for Pachypera Capiomont, 1868 (Curculionidae) and Orthosinus velatus Motschulsky, 1863 for Orthosinus Motschulsky, 1863 (Dryophthoridae). Two taxa are described as new in Curculionidae: Otiorhynchus (Magnanotius) Alonso-Zarazaga & Lyal, subgen. nov. (type species Otiorhynchus kollari Gyllenhal, 1834, in Entiminae Otiorhynchini), and PajnisoodesAlonso-Zarazaga & Lyal gen. nov. (type species: Dirodes flavomaculatus Pajni & Sood, 1982 in Lixinae Cleonini). New combinations are: Pajnisoodes flavomaculatus (Pajni & Sood, 1982) and P. chandigarhensis (Pajni & Sood, 1982), both from Dirodes. New placements are: Teretriorhynchites Voss, 1938 to subgenus of Haplorhynchites (from Involvulus) (Rhynchitidae). Hypodeporaus Voss, 1922 to subgenus of Deporaus (from synonymy under Caenorhinus) (Rhynchitidae). Belorhynchus Berthold, 1827 to genus in Arrhenodini (from synonymy under Nemorhinus) (Brentidae). Tychaeini Schönfeldt, 1910 to tribe in Trachelizinae (from synonymy under Belorhynchini) (Brentidae). Afghanocryptus Voss, 1961 to Erirhininae Arthrostenini (Erirhinidae) from Ocladiinae (Brachyceridae). Myocalandra Faust, 1894 to Diocalandrini (from Litosomini) (Dryophthoridae). Hydronomidius Faust, 1898 to Erirhininae Erirhinini (Erirhinidae) from Bagoinae (Curculionidae). Picia Tournier, 1895 to Erirhinini from Stenopelmini (Erirhinidae). Hypsomus Schoenherr, 1836, Sidomenia Laporte, 1840 and Stenotypus Marshall, 1957 to Curculioninae i. sed. (Curculionidae) from Erirhinini (Erirhinidae). Meripherellus Lea, 1915 to Tychiini i. sed. (Curculionidae) from Erirhinini (Erirhinidae). Opsittis Pascoe, 1870 to Molytinae i. sed. (Curculionidae) from Erirhinini (Erirhinidae). Praolepra Broun, 1880 to Storeini (Curculionidae) from Erirhinini (Erirhinidae). Herpes Bedel, 1874 to Hyperinae Hyperini (from Entiminae Thecesternini) (Curculionidae). Oropterus White, 1846 to Eugnomini from Anthonomini (Curculionidae). Pachytrichus Schoenherr, 1836 to Curculioninae i. sed. from Rhythirrhinini (Curculionidae). Oreoscotus Aurivillius, 1910 to Aminyopini from Molytinae i. sed. (Curculionidae). Dirodes Pascoe, 1887 to Sternechini from Cleonini (Curculionidae). Rhinospineus Hoffmann, 1961 to genus in Cyphicerina (from synonymy under Taurostomus) (Curculionidae). Epicthonius Schoenherr, 1823 to genus in Cyclomini (from synonymy under Cyclomus) (Curculionidae). Caulostrophilus Desbrochers, 1905 to genus in Brachyderini (from subgenus of Caulostrophus) and Pelletierius Alonso-Zarazaga & Lyal, 1999 to genus in Brachyderini (from subgenus of Strophosoma) (Curculionidae). Meconemus Labram & Imhoff, [1838] is reinstated as the valid name for Ischnocerus Schoenherr, 1839 (Anthribidae).

After World War II the development of special (auxiliary) historical disciplines in Lviv was determined by a number of features, including significant changes in the personal composion of their researchers. Some Polish and Ukrainian scientists, who have studied these disciplines, left the city. Instead, some Ukrainians, who had been living in the Ukrainian ethnic territories that have been transmitted to Poland after 1945, were repatriated to Lviv. Among these Ukrainians was a former teacher Ivan Zayats (1887–1968). He has graduated the Faculty of Philosophy of Lviv University (1913), where he had studied history and geography. During the interwar period (1920s – 1930s) he was a teacher in secondary schools in Peremyshl, participated in the cultural and educational life of the local Ukrainian community, was a co-organizer of The Ukrainian regional museum “Stryvigor”. Iv. Zayats has got a job at the Lviv State Republican Historical Museum in August 1946. At this museum he has worked as a researcher and chief custodian of its funds fifteen years. The museum was established by merging several Lviv museums and big local collections in May 1940. After that, this museum has become the owner of the largest collection of coins and medals in the city. Famous Polish museologist Rudolf Menkitskyj was the first who has carried out the work on their arrangement. The next who worked with coins and medals at the museum in 1944–1946 was Marjan Haisig, a former researcher at Lviv University. Iv. Zayats worked with numismatic collection of this museum at 1946–1961. He carried out an inventory, conservation and restoration of old and newly acquired materials, prepared indexes, selected some coins and medals for the museum exhibitions. He also started his scientific work in the field of numismatics at that time. In the 1950s the object of his scientific interests was the Lviv mint of the XIV–XV centuries. As the result of these studies he prepared an article in 1957. The article would have been to be published in the museum`s edition, which called “Reports and notices of the [Lviv State Historical] Museum”. This edition was never published due to a number of objective and subjective factors. Iv. Zayats’ article was not published either, although its content was known to some Lviv historians. We have find the typescript and pre-editions of this work (the text of Iv. Zayats’ article is given in the second part of our publication). The exploring of this article allows us to agree with the positive assessment of this scientific work, which was made by the former head of the Museum of Sphragistics and Numismatics of Lviv University Ivan-Julian Shpytkovskyj. It seems interesting Iv. Zayats’ attempt to consider the issue of issuance and circulation of coins of Lviv minting of the 14th – 15th centuries in the broader context of the changes that affected the Halycian-Volyn lands at this period. Also interesting his attempt to look at the status and relation of the Halychyna state to the Polish and Hungarian kingdoms through the prism of numismatics. Iv. Zayats, in particular, agreed with the opinion of some researchers who have spoken of a personal union between Halychyna and Poland during the reign of King Сasimir (Kazimierz) III and denied the fact of incorporation of Halychyna into Poland. He also wrote about the politically undefined status of Halychyna in relation to Poland and Hungary during the reign of Prince Wladyslaw of Opole and the next transformation this state into an ordinary Hungarian province during the subsequent reign of King Louis (Ludovic) of Hungary. According to Iv. Zayats’ article, the appearance of a Polish eagle on the coins minted in Lviv and the cessation of the issuance of a separate Rus coin in Lviv, was a sign of closer unification of Halychyna and Poland during the reign of King Wladyslaw II Jagiello. At the article listed the types of coins minted at this time in Lviv, presented their images and legends, draws a conclusion about the possible time of cessation of work the mint in the city. At the present time the scientific value of Iv. Zayats’ work reduced after research by Mykola Kotlyar, Stanislava Kubyak and Andriy Kryzhanivskyj. However, now it remains as an interesting monument of Ukrainian historiography of special (auxiliary) historical disciplines of the 1940s and 1950s.

Šime Dujmović (1887 - 1968), a sculptor from Hvar, is an almost unknown and unrecognized artist in the sphere of Croatian art. If one is aware that he created most of his ‘oeuvre’ as the executor of numerous statues conceived by Ivan Meštrović, and that he considered himself merely a technical assistant to the great master, the silence surrounding Dujmović’s name can be seen to be partly his fault, due to the fact that he never emphasized his share in this work, and did not attempt to ‘bring into question’ Meštrović’s art by individuating his own style. By abstaining from a personal style and manner, which might have taken him on the journey to sculptural individuality, Dujmović’s status in Croatian sculpture was lower than his ability deserved. It seems that, to this considerably skilled sculptor, it was more important to follow other people’s designs and carry out a given task to the best of his abilities, transforming matter into the most appropriate expression, at the expense of his own poetics which, considering his mastery of the techne, had much potential. Dujmović’s repression of his sculptural talent seems to be rooted in his attitude towards sculpture as a task which had to be carried out in a given material, not necessarily as a work of art which would have surpassed craftsmanship (although it is also rooted in the unfavourable circumstances of his life). Writing about the nineteenth- and twentieth-century sculptors and carvers of Split and Dalmatia, Grgo Gamulin described a plethora of obscure figures who shaped the Croatian sculptural tradition at the turn of the century when sculpture started to elevate itself with a new consciousness, leaving behind the modesty of craftsmanship but for an always uncertain destination. ‘Certainly, we find ourselves in the area of craftsmanship and skill, but one never knows when art will appear on that boundary, and the very question of that boundary (between craftsmanship and art) is uncertain and ‘‘mobile’’, Gamulin concluded. This statement can largely be applied to Šime Dujmović, who repressed his own expression and, by following tradition and other sculptors (Meštrović), in the end missed his opportunity to demonstrate his real abilities. Nonetheless, a small number of his works, such as his most ambitious project, the public sculpture Source of New Life, demonstrate that he did attempt to be individual, but from the wrong angle, that of the perfection of technical skill. Even if this sculpture was nothing more than a compilation of art nouveau, art deco and Meštrović, it confirmed that Dujmović was a master sculptor with enviable sculptural skill and that this technical ability had once again obstructed his path to individual expression. Not even in this most ambitious of his works were his authorial aims put first; instead, they were eclipsed by his skill in carving after models instead of shaping his own recognizable stamp. This paper deals with some of his other sculptures Svetovid, Mother and Child, Sculptor at Work, Defending he Homeland) but it also highlights his contribution to he sculptural physiognomy of the mausoleum of the Račić family, in which Dujmović executed his most difficult works for Meštrović (The Crucified Christ, The Entombment, Madonna and Child, cherubim heads and other decorative elements). The paper also mentions other numerous works on which Dujmović worked for Meštrović (Amor and Psyche, Woman with a Harp, the monuments Gratitude to France, To the Unknown Hero, nd Our Lady of Petropolje). Through an evaluation of he contribution assistants made on projects for master culptors such as Meštrović, and a consideration of the ecognizability of his ‘hand’ in the final appearance of he work, a question emerges which touches on the heart of the relationship between Meštrović and Dujmović: what is the ratio between the creator of the idea and the manual assistant in its execution? Can authorship be ‘boiled down’ to the conception of a work of art, or should some credit also be given to the assistants who frequently ‘spoiled’ or altered the master’s style? By considering the case of Dujmović, this paper provides answers by giving specific examples of cases in which an assistant’s contribution is significant and unmissable, without expressing an individual style. A rhetorical question which poses itself here is whether in such a manner Dujmović’s work (but also, more generally, the work of other numerous assistants and colleagues in the workshops of master sculptors anywhere) could be taken out of the shadow of the great master by acknowledging at least that part of his authorial input in which he spoke about himself while working for the master sculptor.

Авторами статьи представлены результаты изучения истории изучения курганов. Территория современной Белгородской области до 1954 г. входила в состав Воронежской и Курской губерний /областей. В этот период изучение древностей происходит в русле развития археологии указанных регионов. С конца 1950-ых гг. в области работают крупные академические археологические экспедиции, начинает формироваться актуальный банк данных о курганных памятниках региона. В 2000-х гг. проводится сплошное обследование области на предмет наличия курганов силами местных экспедиций. Библиографические ссылки Археологические исследования в РСФСР 1934-1936 гг. Краткие отчеты и сведения / Под ред. В. В. Гольмстен; Ин-т истории материальной культуры им. Н. Я. Марра. М.; Ленинград: Изд-во Акад. наук СССР, 1941 (Ленинград). 328 с. Археологические памятники Белгородской области / Отв. ред. А.Г. Дьяченко Вып. 1. Белгород: Управление культуры администрации Белгородской области, 1992. С. I-VIII, 1-53, IХ-XV. 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A different name than English literature, ‘Anglo-Indian Literature’, was given to the body of literature in English that emerged on account of the British interaction with India unlike the case with their interaction with America or Australia or New Zealand. Even the Indians’ contributions (translations as well as creative pieces in English) were classed under the caption ‘Anglo-Indian’ initially but later a different name, ‘Indo-Anglian’, was conceived for the growing variety and volume of writings in English by the Indians. However, unlike the former the latter has not found a favour with the compilers of English dictionaries. With the passage of time the fine line of demarcation drawn on the basis of subject matter and author’s point of view has disappeared and currently even Anglo-Indians’ writings are classed as ‘Indo-Anglian’. Besides contemplating on various connotations of the term ‘Indo-Anglian’ the article discusses the related issues such as: the etymology of the term, fixing the name of its coiner and the date of its first use. In contrast to the opinions of the historians and critics like K R S Iyengar, G P Sarma, M K Naik, Daniela Rogobete, Sachidananda Mohanty, Dilip Chatterjee and Gayatri Chakravorty Spivak it has been brought to light that the term ‘Indo-Anglian’ was first used in 1880 by James Payn to refer to the Indians’ writings in English rather pejoratively. However, Iyengar used it in a positive sense though he himself gave it up soon. The reasons for the wide acceptance of the term, sometimes also for the authors of the sub-continent, by the members of academia all over the world, despite its rejection by Sahitya Akademi (the national body of letters in India), have also been contemplated on. References Alphonso-Karkala, John B. (1970). Indo-English Literature in the Nineteenth Century, Mysore: Literary Half-yearly, University of Mysore, University of Mysore Press. Amanuddin, Syed. (2016 [1990]). “Don’t Call Me Indo-Anglian”. C. D. Narasimhaiah (Ed.), An Anthology of Commonwealth Poetry. Bengaluru: Trinity Press. B A (Compiler). (1883). Indo-Anglian Literature. Calcutta: Thacker, Spink and Co. PDF. Retrieved from: https://books.google.co.in/books?id=rByZ2RcSBTMC&pg=PA1&source= gbs_selected_pages&cad=3#v=onepage&q&f=false ---. (1887). “Indo-Anglian Literature”. 2nd Issue. Calcutta: Thacker, Spink and Co. PDF. Retrieved from: http://www.jstor.org/stable/60238178 Basham, A L. (1981[1954]). The Wonder That Was India: A Survey of the History and Culture of the Indian Sub-Continent before the Coming of the Muslims. Indian Rpt, Calcutta: Rupa. PDF. Retrieved from: https://archive.org/details/TheWonderThatWasIndiaByALBasham Bhushan, V N. (1945). The Peacock Lute. Bomaby: Padma Publications Ltd. Bhushan, V N. (1945). 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