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Dissertations / Theses on the topic '1898'

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Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 15 June 2025

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1

Silva, Marcos Rafael da. "Os protocolos italianos (1892-1898)." Universidade de São Paulo, 2018. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/8/8138/tde-06092018-150804/.

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A presente tese estuda as negociações diplomáticas entre Brasil e Itália para solucionar reclamações de imigrantes italianos residentes no país, conhecidas como Protocolos Italianos. Tais reclamações foram organizadas e compiladas pelo Consulado Italiano no Brasil e encaminhadas ao Ministério das Relações Exteriores (MRE) brasileiro, que instituiu comissões mistas para julga-las e o respectivo pagamento de indenizações aos reclamantes. Entre as reclamações constam por violências sofridas, invasão e saque perpetrados contra italianos por forças federais durante a Revolução Federalista; contratos não cumpridos entre italianos e a Administração Pública. No entanto, para efetivar o acordo foi necessária a aprovação da Câmara dos Deputados e do Senado Federal, em que parte dos deputados durante várias sessões se opuseram aos Protocolos, afirmando que eles feriam a honra nacional. Assim, intensos debates na Câmara, no Senado e, também, na imprensa foram travados a esse respeito. O zênite da questão foi os conflitos acirrados entre brasileiros e italianos nas ruas de São Paulo motivados pelos Protocolos Italianos. E apesar da intensa mobilização contrária, os acordos foram aprovados e as indenizações pagas. A questão incidiu ainda como ameaça ao poder do presidente Prudente de Moraes, considerando que eles funcionaram como bandeira de reivindicações nacionalistas, manifestadas em discursos parlamentares, lideradas pelo vicepresidente Manoel Vitorino, inimigo político do presidente, e seus seguidores jacobinos. Revelou ainda a repressão exercida sobre o incipiente movimento operário, na medida em que figurou entre os reclamantes italianos aqueles expulsos do Brasil por anarquismo.<br>The present thesis investigates diplomatic agreements made between Brazil and Italy to solve claims from Italian immigrants resident in Brazil, known as the Italian Protocols. These claims were organised and compiled by the Italian Consulate in São Paulo and sent to the Brazilian Ministry of Foreign Affairs (MRE), which instituted mixed committees to judge them and their respective indemnity payment to the claimants. Claims reported violence, property invasion and looting perpetrated against Italian immigrants by federal forces during the Federalist Revolution, and also unconcluded contracts between Italians and the public administration. However, the approval by the Members of the Parliament and the Federal Senate was necessary to make these agreements effective. Some of the representatives voted against these Protocols in several sessions, stating that they would offend the national honor. Thus, intense debates on this subject were held in the Parliament, in the Senate and also in press. The top of this issue were the fierce conflicts between Brazilians and Italians on the streets of São Paulo, motivated by the Italian Protocols. Despite intense opposing mobilization, agreements were approved and indemnities paid. This issue also ended up being a threat to the power of President Prudente de Moraes, once the Protocols resulted as an excuse for nationalist claims, expressed in representatives speeches, under the leadership of Vice-President Manoel Vitorino, political opponent of the President, and his Jacobin followers. It also revealed the repression on the incipient labor movement, which was found in claims by Italians expelled from Brazil under accusations of anarchism.
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San, Cristóbal Sebastián Antonio. "La transformación de la Catedral (1896-1898)." Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, 2014. http://repositorio.pucp.edu.pe/index/handle/123456789/113943.

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3

López, Camila Soares. "O simbolismo no Mercure de France (1890-1898) /." Assis, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/149934.

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Orientador: Alvaro Santos Simões Junior<br>Banca: Norma Domingos<br>Banca: Tania Regina de Luca<br>Banca: Guacira Marcondes Machado Leite<br>Banca: Viviane Araujo Alves da Costa Pereira<br>Resumo: Na França do século XIX, o periodismo alcançou o seu auge. A época é reconhecida por alguns estudiosos, a exemplo de Dominique Kalifa e Marie-Ève Thérenty, como aquela da "civilização do jornal", pois se notabilizou pelo surgimento de folhas populares, vendidas a preços módicos, e pelo considerável aumento do público leitor, assim como pela vulgarização do folhetim, espaço cedido à contribuição literária. Em sua maioria, seus colaboradores eram também homens de Letras que buscavam meios de subsistência ao se dividirem entre as colunas desses jornais e seus romances, poemas e peças de teatro. Subordinados não apenas a esse suporte, mas, também, aos editores da época, jovens escritores da década de 1880, embalados pelo sentimento de decadência do Positivismo e das ciências, ousaram romper com tal relação de dependência, criando revistas que rivalizavam com a produção da grande presse. Nasceram, assim, as petites revues. Nas petites revues, os jeunes, oriundos de agrupamentos decadentistas e simbolistas, podiam se dedicar àquilo que julgavam ser a "arte pura". Nesses periódicos, difundiam seus versos, excertos de romances, contos e, ainda, assinavam a crítica literária. Em 1890, veio à luz a série moderne do Mercure de France. Essa revista, dirigida por Alfred Vallette, foi divulgadora dessa crítica, publicando, entre 1890 e 1898, diversos escritos que lançavam um olhar atento sobre a produção literária de seu tempo. Além disso, mostrou-se parte integrante de um processo de dese... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)<br>Abstract: In 19th century in France, journalism achieved its height. Many scholars, such as Dominique Kalifa and Marie-Ève Thérenty, recognize the period as that of the "newspaper civilization", when popular press appeared and it was sold in low prices, and the increase of the readership occurred, as well as the vulgarization of the feuilleton, a space accorded to the literary contribution. Most of its collaborators were also Men of Letters who tried to acquire their means of subsistence by dividing their time between the news columns and their novels, poems and plays. Subordinated not only to that support, but also to the editors from the period, young writers from the 1880's, encouraged by the feeling of decadence of Positivism and sciences, attempted to challenge the relation of dependence, creating magazines that rivalled with the production of grande presse. In this manner, the petites revues were born. In the petites revues, the jeunes, derived from the decadent and symbolist groups, could dedicate themselves to what they considered the "pure art". In it, they published their verses, short stories and literary criticism. In 1890, appeared the série moderne of the Mercure de France. The magazine, which was directed by Alfred Vallette, was a disseminator of this criticism, publishing, between 1890 and 1898, many writings that were interested to the literary production from the period. Besides, it showed up as component of a development process of the genre in France, of which pract... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)<br>Résumé: Au XIXe siècle en France, le périodisme a atteint son apogée. L'époque est reconnue par quelques chercheurs, comme Dominique Kalifa et Marie-Ève Thérenty, comme celle de la « civilisation du journal », car elle est devenue notable grâce au surgissement des feuilles populaires, vendues à bas prix et à la considérable croissance du public lecteur, ainsi que par la vulgarisation du feuilleton, espace cédé à la contribution littéraire. Dans sa majorité, leurs collaborateurs était aussi des hommes de lettres qui cherchaient des moyens de subsistance en se partageant entre les colonnes de ces journaux et leurs romans, poèmes et pièces de théâtre. Subordonnés pas seulement à ce support, mais aussi aux libraires de l'époque, les jeunes écrivains de la décennie 1880, bercés par le sentiment de décadence du Positivisme et des sciences, ont osé rompre avec tel rapport de dépendance, en créant des revues qui ont rivalisé avec la production de la grande presse. Alors, les petites revues sont nées. Dans les petites revues, les jeunes, originaires des groupements décadentistes et symbolistes, ont pu se dédier à ce qu'ils jugeaient être « l'art pur ». Dans ces périodiques, ils diffusaient leurs vers, des extraits de romans, des contes et ils signaient les textes de critique littéraire. En 1890, la série moderne du Mercure de France a vu le jour. Cette revue, dirigée par Alfred Vallette, a été propagandiste de cette critique-là, en publiant entre 1890 et 1898 plusieurs écrits qui portaient un... (Résumé complet accès életronique ci-dessous)<br>Doutor
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4

Alonso, Paula. "The origins of the Argentine Radical Party, 1889-1898." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1992. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.334932.

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Callender, Ronald Montgomery. "Hurter and Driffield: the critical years, 1889 to 1898." Thesis, University of Bolton, 2004. https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.748547.

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6

Aw, Malik. "La conquête de la boucle du Niger (1894-1898)." Paris 4, 1985. http://www.theses.fr/1985PA040005.

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Васильєв, Юрій Костянтинович, Юрий Константинович Васильев, Yurii Kostiantynovych Vasyliev, Костянтин Костянтинович Васильєв, Константин Константинович Васильев та Kostiantyn Kostiantynovych Vasyliev. "Действительный член общества одесских врачей К.Р. Генрихсен (1838-1898)". Thesis, Изд-во СумГУ, 2007. http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/5276.

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8

Klemm, Margot. "Ferdinand Julius Cohn, 1828-1898 : Pflanzenphysiologe, Mikrobiologe, Begründer der Bakteriologie /." Frankfurt am Main : P. Lang, 2003. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb39125696x.

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9

Pagès, Ruiz Eduard. "Utilitat i obrerisme a la Catalunya del segle XIX (1868-1898)." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Barcelona, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/1995.

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La present tesi doctoral demostra la influència que l'ètica utilitarista va exercir en el pensament obrerista català del darrer terç del segle XIX. <br/>L'utilitarisme clàssic havia quedat definit entre finals del segle XVIII i principis del XIX per obra del filòsof i jurisconsult anglès Jeremy Bentham, qui havia recollit el pensament dels moralistes anglesos i dels enciclopedistes francesos que el precediren, especialment Helvètius i D'Holbach. A Espanya el pensament utilitarista &#9472;resumit en la màxima moral el major bé pel major nombre&#9472;, va ser molt ben rebut en el periode liberal, i el propi Bentham va ser consultat pels constitucionalistas de Cadis. Tot i així, el prestigi del jurisconsult anglès va ser efímer, ja que cap a mitjan anys quaranta, coincidint amb l'ascens d'una llarga etapa moderada a la política espanyola, i amb l'oposició del catolicisme i del romanticisme, l'autoritat de Bentham va quedar eclipsada. <br/>Fins aquí l'opinió establerta, però la tesi defensa que el pensament utilitarista no va desparèixer del tot, ja que es podrà trobar tot l'esperit utilitarista en el pensament i l'obra dels nuclis republicans posteriors més propers a l'obrerisme, com ara el moviment cooperativista o l'icarianisme. I, per damunt de tot, que l'ètica l'utilitarista clàssica va ressorgir amb tota la força dins del grup anarquista barceloní que va rebre la Primera Internacional.<br/>Entre els anarquistes de primera hora, la utilitat pública va ser l'argument cabdal que esgrimiren per demostrar la necessitat de la revolució social i ètica que demandaven. La premsa internacionalista catalana més important (<i>La Federación</i>, <i>La Revista Social</i>) va repetir incansablement que l'element més útil de la societat era l'obrer; que la resta de classes eren inútils i paràsites del seu treball i, per tant supèrflues; que l'educació havia d'estar dirigida a ensenyar coses útils; que l'oci burgès era immoral, o que l'art havia de tenir una funció útil i moral, ja que allò que només era bell no produïa cap mena de progrès. Fins i tot un text clàssic de l'utilitarisme, La moral universal, de l'enciclopedista baró D'Holbach, va ser publicat (anònimament) a les planes de La Revista Social com a guia de comportament ètic per a tots els treballadors. En definitiva, hem d'afirmar que la utopia social que pretengué assolir l'anarquisme català del darrer terç del segle XIX es fonamentà en el criteri ètic de la utilitat.<br><I>The present doctoral thesis demonstrates the influence that the utilitarian ethics exerted in the Catalan working thought of the last third of XIX century. <br/>The classic utilitarianism, which had been defined between the end of 18th century and principles of the 19th century, by the work of the English philosopher Jeremy Bentham, was very well received in the Spanish liberal circles. In spite of this, according to the established opinion, in the middle of century the influence of Bentham had practically disappeared under the pressure of the Catholicism and the romanticism.<br/>Nevertheless, the thesis defends that the utilitarianism far from disappearing resurged closest in the Catalan republican thought to the working-class movement and, mainly, in the later anarchist group who received the First International. <br/>For the anarchists the workers were the only useful and indispensable element of the society, and the concept of public utility became the argument that repeated constantly to demand the social revolution. Even an important working newspaper as La Revista Social published the classic utilitarian text of Baron D'Holbach, "The Universal Moral", to serve as ethical guide for the workers. <br/>In sort, the anarchism wanted to design a new society based on the utility criterion. </I>
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10

Sloan, Rachel Beth. "Cross-Channel Dialogues : Antinaturalism in Britain and France, c.1878-1898." Thesis, Courtauld Institute of Art (University of London), 2007. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.498051.

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11

Allen, Christopher John Wallace. "Non-Benthamite influences of the English law of evidence : 1828 - 1898." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 1994. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.360559.

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12

Castellanos, Escudier Alicia. "Filipinas : de la insurrección a la intervención de EE.UU. : 1896-1898 /." Madrid : Sílex, 1998. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37038552h.

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13

Villar, Piñón José Antonio. "La apropiación de la obra científica de John Tyndall en España: (1868-1898)." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/285116.

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La figura del físico irlandés John Tyndall (1820-1893), postergada en la historia de la ciencia hasta fechas recientes, ha recobrado actualidad a la luz de los trabajos de estudiosos de la época victoriana como William H. Brock, Frank M. Turner, Ruth Barton, Bernard Lightman o Ursula DeYoung. Ante la inexistencia de estudios previos, sobre el impacto de su figura y obra en España, esta investigación doctoral se marcó como objetivo encontrar actores e instituciones que fuesen receptores activos del naturalismo científico tyndalliano en el último tercio del siglo XIX. La circulación de dicho programa científico se plasmó en la práctica pedagógica del institucionismo español, en los usos didácticos de los libros de texto de física y química más empleados en la enseñanza superior, y en las páginas de la Revista de la Sociedad de Profesores de Ciencias. Claras muestras de la contribución tyndalliana a ensanchar el ámbito de la educación científica en España, y al proceso de configuración disciplinar de la Física. Un privilegiado marco espacial de apropiación del programa tyndalliano fue el “Ateneo Científico, Literario y Artístico de Madrid”, foco introductor del positivismo en España. John Tyndall, como paradigmático divulgador científico decimonónico, fue el prototipo adoptado por los científicos “tyndallistas” estudiados: José Rodríguez Mourelo (1857-1932), Luis Simarro Lacabra (1851-1921), Enrique Serrano Fatigati (1845-1918) y José Rodríguez Carracido (1856-1928). Su común estrategia en favor de la educación popular se vehiculó por medio de conferencias, la edición de manuales divulgativos, colaboraciones en revistas especializadas, discursos académicos, viajes instructivos, y en la prensa periódica. Al estudiar la importancia de la literatura como espacio de divulgación científica en la esfera pública descubrimos las resonancias tyndallianas, presentes en las obras de divulgación científica o de carácter literario, de la novelista Emilia Pardo Bazán. Su primera novela, Pascual López. Autobiografía de un estudiante de medicina (1879), testimonia la influencia de figuras institucionistas como el químico José Rodríguez Mourelo, en la primigenia formación científica de la escritora. El protagonista científico de dicha novela coincide con el arquetipo novelado del propio John Tyndall. Ello muestra, en toda su amplitud, el intenso proceso de apropiación del programa intelectual tyndalliano en España. La repercusión pública del controvertido discurso pronunciado por Tyndall en Belfast en el año 1874, y su posterior refutación experimental de la generación espontánea, fueron factores claves para entender las lecturas de su programa, en el contexto de las problemáticas relaciones entre ciencia y religión. En un inicio, los sectores confesionales lo percibirán como un peligroso anatema materialista, aunque a partir del paradigma teológico neotomista, impulsado por León XIII, se advierten nuevas señales apropiadoras de la autoridad científica de su figura. En contrapartida, para el librepensamiento, el cientificismo y el regeneracionismo español, representó un utópico referente de progreso. Su figura fue apropiada por un heterogéneo sector socio-político, oscilando desde el anarquismo y republicanismo hasta sectores de mentalidad liberal pertenecientes a la élite política de la Restauración borbónica, como evidencia el inédito epistolario aportado. Nuestra investigación aborda la forma en que la figura de John Tyndall fue apropiada por los diversos actores involucrados, en función de sus propios intereses: intelectuales, profesionales, políticos y morales.<br>Left behind until recently by historians of science, the Irish physicist John Tyndall (1820-1893) has been recognized in the context of the Victorian scholarly works of William H. Brock, Frank M. Turner, Ruth Barton, Bernard Lightman or Ursula DeYoung. As a result of the lack of previous studies about the impact of his life and scientific work in Spain, this PhD Dissertation sets the target to find actors and institutions which were active receivers of Tyndall’s scientific naturalism in the last third of the nineteenth century. The circulation of his scientific program resulted in the pedagogical practice of the Spanish “institucionismo”, in the educational uses of textbooks of physics and chemistry for higher education, and in the pages of the Revista de la Sociedad de Profesores de Ciencias. This demonstrates Tyndall’s contribution to widen the field of science education in Spain, and the setup process of Physics as an academic discipline. A privileged appropriation space for Tyndall’s program was "El Ateneo Científico, Literario y Artístico de Madrid", a crucial site for the introduction of positivism in Spain. John Tyndall, as paradigmatic nineteenth-century populariser was adopted as a prototype by ”Tyndallian” scientists such as: José Rodríguez Mourelo (1857-1932), Luis Simarro Lacabra (1851-1921), Enrique Serrano Fatigati (1845-1918) and Jose Rodriguez Carracido (1856-1928). They shared a common strategy for popular education through public lectures, popular science books, journals articles, academic addresses, educational journeys, and the periodical press. In considering the importance of literature as a site of science in the public sphere, we discover Tyndall’s resonances - in science popularization and literary works - of the Spanish novelist Emilia Pardo Bazán. Her first novel entitled, “Pascual López. Autobiografía de un estudiante de medicina” (1879), testifies the influence of the “institucionismo” on her early scientific training through names such as the chemist José Rodríguez Mourelo. The novel’s scientific hero fits in the fictionalized archetype of John Tyndall. This is an overall good example of the intense process of appropriation of Tyndall’s intellectual program in Spain. The public impact of the controversial Tyndall’s Belfast address (1874) and his subsequent experimental refutation of spontaneous generation are key factors to understand the readings of his program, in the context of the problematic relationship between science and religion. At first, the religious sectors perceive him as a dangerous materialistic anathema, but from the neo-Thomist theological paradigm, driven by Leo XIII, new signs of appropriation of his scientific authority appeared. On the other side, for the Spanish free-thinking, scientism, and “regeneracionismo”, Tyndall represented the utopia of progress. He was appropriated by heterogeneous socio-political groups, ranging from anarchists and republicans to liberals belonging to the political establishment of the Bourbon restoration, as clearly reported by the unpublished correspondence. Our research analyses how the various actors involved appropriated John Tyndall according to their own, intellectual, professional, political and moral agendas.
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Ohran, Aid. "Ryssen Kommer : Synen på det ryska hotet i svensk landsortspress, från 1858 - 1898." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för kulturvetenskaper (KV), 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-28403.

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With this essay, I want to examine the image of Russians in the Swedish rural press during the second half of the 19th century, how rusophobia appeared in Swedish rural press and how the image of Russians changed during this time. To find this out, I set these questions:    • How was Russians and Russia portrayed in the Swedish rural press?  • Did the view of Russians change during this time? The essay is written so that I have interpreted my empirical material to do a discourse analysis in which I analyse different articles that have been written about Russia and Russians in a stereotypical way. The source material used in the thesis comes from 41 news articles; the bulk of the source material comes from newspapers that were published during the late 19th century. Rural press reporting on Russia and Russians were in the second half of the 19th century mostly negative. Of the 41 articles that were examined it was found that about half were negative, less than one-sixth were positive, while about a third were neutral. The reason that many of the articles were negative has to do with Sweden's shared history with Russia, with many wars and territorial losses. The negative perception came from the very fact that Russia was Sweden's foremost enemy during the late 19th century. Although the image of Russia was mostly negative, the way the Russians and Russia were portrayed in the late 19th century changed from being obvious negative to have a more concealed negative view.
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15

Croguennec-Massol, Gabrielle. "Presse, littérature et société, à Cuba au temps des guerres d'Indépendance, 1868-1898." Toulouse 2, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003TOU20036.

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Les deux guerres cubaines d'Indépendance marquent deux tentatives de rupture avec la métropole espagnole et la constitution de Cuba comme Etat nation. Ce lent processus est présent et analysé dans la presse du temps, qui grâce au progrès technique de l'époque, connaît un formidable essor, devient un moyen privilégié d'information, de diffusion des idées et de la culture. La littérature, à travers la presse, reçoit de nombreuses influences étrangères, et s'affirme peu à peu comme littérature nationale. Elle participe au processus de construction identitaire de Cuba, et propose une lecture et une représentation de la société en prise avec les événements. Sur le plan politique, la presse véhicule le processus de formation identitaire, avec ses réticences, ses contradictions, et ses interrogations, dans une société qui connaît de nombreux clivages, dus à l'esclavage et à la présence d'une population de couleur, rejetée d'abord, puis considérée comme une alliée possible à la fin du siècle<br>The two cuban Independance wars are two attempts to separate with the Spanish metropole and with Cuba becoming a state nation. This slow process is present and analysed in the press of the time, which, due to the technical development occuring in this period, is growing rapidly, becoming a privileged information media, and a way to spread ideas and culture. The literature, found in the press, includes many influences from other countries, and soon becomes a national literature. It is involved in the building process of the Cuban identity and delivers a representation of the society directly related to the daily events. From a political point of view, press conveys the identity building process, with its reticences, its contradictions and its interrogations in a society exhibiting numerous divisions coming from slavery and the presence of coloured people, rejected in a first time, then knowing attempts of seduction near the end of the century
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Boyer, William Haas. "Oregon politics and the evolution of the Populist movement in Portland, 1890-1898 /." view abstract or download file of text, 2003. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/uoregon/fullcit?p3080582.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Oregon, 2003.<br>Typescript. Includes vita and abstract. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 474-491). Also available for download via the World Wide Web; free to University of Oregon users.
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Zacaïr, Philippe. "Antonio Maceo Grajales (1845-1896) : biographie guerrière et politique." Paris 3, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999PA030134.

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Ne en 1845 a santiago de cuba, dans une famille de gens de couleur libres, antonio maceo grajales a profondement marque l'histoire de cuba dans la seconde moitie du 19eme siecle. Son role de premier plan dans les luttes politiques et guerrieres qui ont conduit l'ile de cuba a briser violemment le lien colonial qui l'unissait a l'espagne, a fait de maceo un heros largement celebre par tous les cubains. Aussi, l'historiographie cubaine regorge d'ouvrages biographiques consacres a un heros a qui elle a donnee une dimension largement mythique. Cette these n'est pas qu'une nouvelle biographie d'antonio maceo grajales. Elle part de l'idee que le heros cubain ne contribua pas seulement a rendre possible l'emergence de la nationalite cubaine, mais porta egalement un voeu politique original : l'antillanite. A travers quelques episodes marquants de sa trajectoire politique et militaire, nous chercherons a mieux connaitre ce produit et ce militant conscient de l'identite caribeenne.
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18

Filho, Cicero João da Costa. "Padaria espiritual: cultura e política em Fortaleza no final do século XIX (1892-1898)." Universidade de São Paulo, 2007. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/8/8138/tde-03032008-135623/.

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Esta pesquisa buscou analisar a formação dos mais significativos movimentos beletrítiscos acontecidos no Ceará, sobretudo, o movimento dos padeiros, surgido em 30 de maio de 1892. O sentido de toda um agitação literária no Ceará, daí um certo teor gregário resultando assim na formação de grupos ou rodas literárias se deve em grande parte pelo objetivo dos homens de letras de adentrar a imprensa jornalística ou a acomodação nas repartições públicas , haja vista as atividades letradas servirem como forma de ascensão sócio-economica. Diferente da Mocidade Cearense comprometida com os interesses econômicos dos emergentes setores urbanos e de estreita ligação com as tradicionais oligarquias rurais, o grupo dos padeiros, oriundo dos Novos do Ceará diferente do arsenal teórico científico pautado nas idéias positivas e evolutivas iria propor um novo projeto literário baseado nos valores e hábitos do \"tipo\" campestre, heróico e valente. O movimento literário e artístico dos artistas padeiros seria uma \"cousa nova\", fugindo, pois, das formalidades científicas e bacharelescas dos tantos outros movimentos acontecidos anteriormente. De forte caráter boêmio e pilhérico o movimento dos padeiros causou \"escândalo\" numa pacata e provinciana Fortaleza de então, acostumada à seca, à pilheria e ao aluá. Se contrapondo ao projeto literário da velha Mocidade comprometida com a estrutura burguesa de raiz européia, a Padaria Espiritual prometia falar a linguagem do universo de hábitos e valores do povo cearense em contraposição ao mundo liberal e burguês das classes médias e altas que experimentam o diaa- dia dos grandes centros urbanos com suas relações viciosas ou degenerativas, o que não acontecia com as relações nada formais do homem puro e ingênuo que reside no campo.Portanto, o movimento dos padeiros iria se contrapor de forma retórica à burguesia, classe responsável pela disseminação de um conjunto de normas e valores que carrearam todo um processo de significativas mudanças econômicas festejadas pelas idéias de \"civilização\" e de \"progresso\" em detrimento da cultura maior da população pobre e humilde desassistida das míninas condições de sobrevivência.<br>This study aimed at analyzing the origin of one of the most significant literary movements ever appeared in Ceará, namely that of the \"bakers\", started on May 30th, 1892. The literary frenzy in Ceará and the social nature of this movement, resulting in the formation of literary groups or circles, is due to a large extent to the the interest of those men of letters in entering the field of journalism or finding a public job, for the scholarly activities were seen at the time as a path to socio-economic growth. The \"bakers\" group differed from the Mocidade Cearense (Ceará Youth) movement, which was committed to promoting the emerging urban sectors economic interests and bore close links with the traditional agricultural oligarchies, making use of a scientific theoretical background based on positivist and evolutionist ideas. On the other hand, the members of the \"bakers\" movement, which derived from the Novos do Ceará (Ceará Youngsters) group, adopted a new literary project based on the values and habits of the heroic and brave countryside men. The literary and artistic movement of the \"bakers\" searched to find \"something new\", therefore moving away from the scientific and scholarly formalities which characterized many prior movements. Its strong bohemian and witty character caused outrage in the calm and provician Fortaleza of the time, used to no kore than droughts, humour and \"aluá\". In contrast with the literary project of the old Youth, which searched to preserve the european bourgeois structure of the State of Ceará, the Padaria Espiritual (Spiritual Bakery) promised to speak the language of the universe of habits and values of the people of Ceará, opposing the liberal and bourgeois world of the middle and upper classes that lived in the great urban centers and experience its vicious or degenerative relations, while the countryside man remained pure and innocent in his all but formal relations. Therefore, the \"bakers\" movement rhetorically opposed the bourgeoisie, responsible for the dissemination of a set of norms and values that started a process of significant economic changes linked to the ideas of \"civilization\" and \"progress\" and that were very well received, in detriment of the culture of the poor and humble population lacking the minimal survival conditions.
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Reis, Andreia. "A circulação de informação médica : análise da revista médica portuense "AMedicina Moderna" : (1894-1898)." Master's thesis, Porto : [Edição do Autor], 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10216/20309.

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20

Nicolau, Giselle Pereira. "Um Gavroche entre a política e a sociedade: teatro de Arthur Azevedo (1891-1898)." Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, 2012. http://www.bdtd.uerj.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=8365.

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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior<br>Arthur Azevedo a vécu une époque de changements. Né à São Luís au Maranhão, le 7 juillet 1855, il a quitté son lieu d origine à lâge de 18 ans, pour chercher des opportunités à la Cour, comme beaucoup d'autres jeunes provinciaux de cette époque là. À Rio de Janeiro, il a été journaliste, chroniste e fonctionnaire, mas il se distingua au théâtre. Arthur assista au passage de l`Empire à la Republique, en faisant de cet ensemble d'événements un matériel pour ses chroniques et pièces de théâtre, surtout les revues de l année. En partant du concept de culture politique, tel comme il a été formulé par Serge Bernstein, nous cherchons à analyser le production dArthur dans les années postérieures au changement du régime, face au contexte social et théâtral dans lequel était inseré lauteur, en articulant ses choix politiques et la culture de lépoque à l'oeuvre qu'il légua.<br>Arthur Azevedo viveu uma época de mudanças. Nascido em São Luís do Maranhão, em 7 de julho de 1855, na Corte, como tantos outros jovens provincianos daquela época. No Rio de Janeiro, foi jornalista, escritor, funcionário público e destacado autor teatral. Testemunhou a passagem do Império à República, fazendo desse conjunto de acontecimentos, matéria e cenário para suas crônicas, contos e peças teatrais, em especial, em suas Revistas de Ano. Partindo do conceito de cultura política, tal como foi formulado por Serge Bernstein, pretende-se analisar a produção de Arthur nos anos subseqüentes à mudança do regime, à luz do contexto social e teatral experimentado pelo autor, articulando suas escolhas políticas e a cultura da época à obra por ele deixada.
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21

Reis, Andreia. "A circulação de informação médica : análise da revista médica portuense "AMedicina Moderna" : (1894-1898)." Dissertação, Porto : [Edição do Autor], 2009. http://aleph.letras.up.pt/F?func=find-b&find_code=SYS&request=000196676.

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22

Marza, Suzanne. "Premières manifestations de la franc-maçonnerie féminine en Espagne au XIXe siècle : 1868-1898." Aix-Marseille 1, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997AIX10097.

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La franc-maconnerie feminine est un fait avere dans l'espagne du xixe siecle. Nous en voulons pour preuve les revues et bulletins, que nous avons pu consulter. Dans une premiere partie, nous avons replace les maconnes dans leur contexte historique, economique, politique et culturel. Deux dates marquantes delimitent l'epoque sur la quelle nous travaillons : 1868, &lt;&lt; la gloriosa &gt;&gt; et 1898, l'effrondrement de l'empire colonial espagnol. Une etude de la condition feminine dans ses multiples facettes nous a semblee necessaire : destin social, aspect juridique, relations a l'eglise, a l'education et au monde du travail. Dans une deuxieme partie, nous evoquons le paysage maconnique espagnol (grande orients, grandes loges), precede d'un bref historique, comprenant la maconnerie d'adoption. Les textes fondateurs (old charges), constitutions d'anderson, etc. , sont etudies ainsi que le discours des francs-macons sur la femme. Des sensibilites plurielles sont apparues et beaucoup de macons se sont interroges sur la question : la femme est-elle initiable ? les differents opinions et argumentations sont reprises et largement citees dans cette etude. Nous avons travaille sur un corpus de quelques 500 maconnes et nous avons degage le profil type de la maconne de base. Les macons espagnols construisent volontiers leur temple en famille : des couples, des fratries, des meres et peres avec leur fille, ainsi que nombre de louvetaux frequentent souvent un meme atelier. Des maconnes figurent aux tableaux des ateliers de perfection ainsi que parmi les officieres des loges bleues. Les maconnes choisissent le jour de leur initiation un nom symbolique, leur etude s'est averee tres eclairante pour notre propos. Nous donnons enfin largement la parole aux maconnes qu'un ecrit ou une simple anecdote a tire de l'anonymat. Dans une troisieme partie nous presentons quelques maconnes d'exception qui nous sont mieux connues : a. Carvia, m. Vargas chambo, a. Lopez de ayalia et r. De acufia. Ce travail ne se veut pas exhaustif mais nous avons tente de rassembler ce qui est epars. Ces macons et maconnes qui ont reve a un avenir radieux ont agi avec conviction pour faire evoluer leur present avec la determination de ceux qui cheminent vers la lumiere<br>FEMININE FREEMASONRY IS AN ESTABLISHED FACT IN NINETEENTH CENTURY SPAIN. WE FIND THE PROOF OF THIS IN THE REVIEWS AND BULLETINS WHISH WE HAVE BEEN ABLE TO CONSULT. IN THE FIRST SECTION, WE HAVE SITUATED THE FEMENINE FREEMASONS IN THEIR HISTORICAL, ECONOMICAL, POLITICAL AND CULTURAL CONTEXTS. TWO NOTEWORTHY DATES MARK THE PERIOD WHICH WE ARE STUDYING : 1868, &lt;&lt; LA GLORIOSA &gt;&gt; ; 1898, THE FALL OF THE SPANISH COLONIAL EMPIRE. WE THINK THAT IT IS NECESSARY TO STUDY THE IMPLICATIONS, RELATIONSHIPS WITH THE CHURCH, EDUCATION AND EMPLOYMENT. IN THE SECOND SECTION, WE DEAL WITH THE TEXTURE OF THE SPANISH MASONIC MOVEMENT (GRANDS ORIENTS, GRANDES LOGES), BEGINNING with A SHORT HISTORICAL ACCOUNT, INCLUDING THE ADOPTED MASONIC MOVEMENT. THE ORIGINAL TEXTES (OLD CHARGES), ANDERSON'S CONSTITUTIONS, ETC. , ARE EXAMINED TOGETHER WITH THE MASONS' POINT OF VIEW REGARDING WOMEN. DIFFERING POINTS OF VIEW HAVE COME TO LIGHT AND MANY MASONS HAVE PONDERED THE QUESTION : CAN A WOMAN BE INITIATED , THE DIFFERENT OPINIONS AND EXPLANATIONS HAVE BEEN USED AND OFTEN QUOTED IN THIS TESIS. WE HAVE WORKED ON A GROUP OF SOME 500 MASONS AND BROUGHT TO LIGHT THE TYPICAL PROFILE OF THE STANDARD MASON. THE SPANISH MASONS OFTEN FORM THEIR GROUP THROUGH THEIR FAMILY TIES : COUPLES, BROTHER, FATHERS AND MOTHER WITH THEIR DAUGHTER, IN THIS WAY A NUMBER OF YOUNGSTERS MET IN THE SAME GROUP. LADY MASONS ARE FOUND ENROLED IN THE GROUPS FOR PERFECTING FREE MASONRY AND AMONGST THE OFFICIELS IN THE BLUE LOGES. THE LADY MASONS CHOSE A SYMBOLIC NAME ON THE DAY OF THEIR INITIATION. THEIR STUDY ENLIGHTENS THIS TESIS. FINALLY WE COTE MANY LADY MASONS WHOSE WRITINGS OR ANECDOTES HAVE BEEN BROUGTH TO LIGTH. IN THE THIRD SECTION WE INTRODUCE SOME EXCEPTIONAL LADY MASONS WHO ARE BETTER KNOWN TO US : A. CARVIA, M. VARGAS CHAMBO; A. LOPEZ DE AYALA ET R. DE ACUFIA. THIS TESIS IS NOT EXHAUSTIVE BUT WE HAVE TRIED TO PUT TOGETHER DISPERSED INFORMATION. THESE FREEMASONS AND LADY MASONS WHO DREAM OF A RADIANT FUTURE ACTED WITH CONVICTION TO MAKE THEIR TIMES EVOLVE USING THE DETERMINATION OF THOSE WHO TRAVEL TOWARD THE LIGHT
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23

Reed, Alden. "Nationalists & guerillas| How nationalism transformed warfare, insurgency & colonial resistance in late 19th century Cuba (1895-1898) and the Philippines (1899-1902)." Thesis, University of New Hampshire, 2016. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10127465.

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<p> In the modern age, nationalism has profoundly impacted warfare. While nationalism has helped transform pre-modern societies into nation-states in part arguably to more efficiently wage warfare, it has also lead to a decline in the effectiveness of conventional military power. Warfare in late nineteenth century Cuba and the Philippines demonstrates many of the new features of &ldquo;nationalist warfare,&rdquo; showing increased violence is brought about not just by conventional technological developments, but also by &ldquo;social technology&rdquo; like nationalism. Nationalist ideology makes it nearly impossible for conventional military forces to occupy or control a nationalist society and suppress resistance to foreign rule. Attempts to suppress nationalist resistance can only be achieved by denying the rebellion external support and directly targeting the civilian population. The difficulty of suppressing nationalist resistance ensures increasingly protracted, bloody and destructive wars will be the norm and that within these conflicts targeting non-combatants and civilian infrastructure is virtually unavoidable.</p>
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24

Trindade, Alexandro Dantas. "Andre Rebouças : da Engenharia Civil a Engenharia Social." [s.n.], 2004. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/280291.

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Orientador: Elide Rugai Bastos<br>Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Filosofia e Ciencias Humanas<br>Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-04T00:49:16Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Trindade_AlexandroDantas_D.pdf: 21115251 bytes, checksum: 848744294bd81cb6812d3da0b6a49cc3 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2004<br>Resumo: o objetivo do trabalho é analisar o sentido das idéias do engenheiro André Rebouças (1838-1898). A proposta metodológica procura integrar a formação intelectual, a trajetória profissional e a obra como etapas necessárias de uma sociologia das idéias. Interpreta-se a trajetória profissional e intelectual de Rebouças à luz de contextos sociais e políticos distintos: durante a primeira metade da década de 1860, Rebouças completou sua formação intelectual nos quadros da burocracia militar, na condição de tenente-engenheiro, absorvendo da Escola Militar a crítica fomentada pelo oficialato às instituições imperiais; durante as décadas de 1860 e 1870, participou, na qualidade de engenheiro civil, ativamente do processo de modernização material do Segundo Reinado, inserido na burocracia de Estado mas ao mesmo tempo buscando formas associativas que fugissem à centralização estatal; na década de 1880, projeta se enquanto reformista social, visando articular o movimento abolicionista a projetos de reforma do estatuto territorial. Nesse sentido, a hipótese do trabalho é a de que a diferença entre as perspectivas modernista e reformista pode ser explicada recorrendo-se ao contexto de crise da sociedade escravista e das instituições monárquicas<br>Abstract: The aim of this work is to analyse the signification of the engineer André Rebouças' ideas (1838-1898). In this way, the metodological proposal seek to integrate his intellectual formation, his professional trajectory and his work as necessaries stages of a sociology of ideas. I explain his professional and intellectual trajectory by unequal social and political contexts: during the first half of 1860 decade, Rebouças completed his intellectual formation in military bureaucracy, as a lieutenant-engineer, feelling and shareing whit enthusiasm the critic of monarchyst's institutions fomented by the military officer; during the 1860 and 1870 decades, he participated activelly, as a civil engineer, of the Second Reign modernization process, inserted in the State bureaucracy, but seeking associated forms who get out of the centralization of the brazilian state; during the 1880 decade, he projected him self as a social reformist, in the aim to articulate both abolitionist and land propriety reform movements. In this way, this work assuption is that the difference of the modernist and reformist perspectives can be eXplained in the search of the slavery society and monarchyst's institutions' crisis<br>Doutorado<br>Doutor em Ciências Sociais
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25

Cullen, Crisol Dolores Maria. "Electoral practices in Argentina 1898-1904." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1994. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.239281.

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26

Tillmann, Serge. "La prédication d'Albert Schweitzer 1898-1948." Phd thesis, Université de Strasbourg, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00947572.

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Aborder l'oeuvre de prédication d'Albert Schweitzer aujourd'hui, c'est se donner la possibilité de comprendre sa personnalité, sa vie, son oeuvre humanitaire et intellectuelle autrement, à la lumière de son profond amour pour Jésus. Vivre l'appel de Jésus, là est l'ambition du pasteur Albert Schweitzer. Il donne à voir par sa prédication ce que l'enseignement de Jésus implique dans la vie de chaque homme. La prédication d'Albert Schweitzer est une équation dont les deux termes, mystique et éthique, portent les tensions de toute existence humaine. Pour lui, loin d'aboutir à un affrontement stérile, mystique et éthique, s'équilibrent et s'enracinent au coeur de l'Évangile. Il donne en partage, en une prédication, en une image, pareille à une fenêtre ouverte sur l'univers, l'amour infini de Jésus. Pour Albert Schweitzer le Royaume de Dieu est là où l'homme prie par sa vie, là où il agit, selon sa définition de l'eschatologie conséquente. Schweitzer a toujours évité de se laisser enfermer dans un système dogmatique, voulant bâtir une prédication où pensée et action naissent l'une de l'autre en un mouvement de vie.
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27

Bearman, Christopher James. "English folk music movement 1898-1914." Thesis, University of Hull, 2001. http://hydra.hull.ac.uk/resources/hull:5448.

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The folk music movement was an important influence on English cultural life in the years immediately before the First World War. From remote origins in the 1830s and 1840s and small beginnings in the 1880s and 1890s, it suddenly caught the public mood between 1904 and 1914 and for a brief moment it seemed as though a genuinely indigenous and unifying cultural force might have been found. This proved to be a false hope, but nevertheless the movement has survived and has a continuing place in English cultural historiography. This movement, however, has never been provided with a general history, still less one which has tried to analyse what actually happened. Instead, over the past thirty years since 1970 an interpretation has developed based on Marxist political thought and cultural theory. Coming as it does from a political position based on class conflict and hostility towards nationalism, this interpretation is profoundly antipathetic to the phenomenon it has sought to analyse and has been more concerned to condemn than to understand. It has seen folk song and dance in terms of material expropriated from the working class, misrepresented and transformed in order to reflect 'bourgeois' ideology, and then fed back to the working class via their children in the state education system. Its weakness is that it has never been able to prove these propositions. This thesis attempts to undermine the Marxist interpretation and to provide a firm foundation of research for future analysis. Chapter One is a historiographical survey of the literature showing how it has developed and exposing its lack of a research base. Chapter Two is a narrative intended to provide a connecting thread for the analytical material which follows. Chapter Three examines the folk music organisations. Chapters Four and Five challenge the central assumptions of the Marxist interpretation by showing that the material was not exclusively 'working class', that folk music collection and publication was careful and scrupulous, and that the movement never succeeded in penetrating the state education system to any significant extent before 1914.
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28

Fernandes, Pinheiro Da Silva Maria Da Graça. "Edições Marques Abreu (Porto, 1898-1974)." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Politècnica de València, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10251/63233.

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[EN] Editions Marques Abreu (Porto, 1898-1958) is a doctoral investigation project focused in the photographic and graphic work of José Antunes Marques Abreu, in which we intended to clarify his pioneering and visionary contribute to the development of photography, the photography and graphic industries and the printed edition in Portugal, through the topics, the processes and the techniques. The photography work and the editions Marques Abreu are a landmark reference in the analysis and the critical reflexion in the field of photography and graphic arts in Portugal, between the end of the 19th century and the first half of the 20th century. He connected photography to the graphic arts on common topics, customs and traditions and heritage was a constant in his graphic work. Marques Abreu was one of the photographers and photoengravers who contributed the most for the development and improvement of these arts in Portugal. The implantation of photography in Oporto was at that time doing his first steps and the processes of engraving were being implanted with some ignorance. It is to this man we owe the art of well photographing, editing and printing with artistic and technological quality. Marques Abreu was a multitalented professional as an investigator, teacher, typographer, printer, businessman and above all a great photoengraving master.<br>[ES] Ediciones Marques Abreu (Oporto, 1998/58) es un proyecto de investigación doctoral centrado en la obra fotográfica y gráfica de José Antunes Marques Abreu, pensada para explicar su contribución pionera y visionaria en el desarrollo de la fotografía, las industrias gráficas, y la edición impresa en Portugal, a través del tratamiento de los temas, los procesos y las técnicas. El trabajo fotográfico y las ediciones de Marques Abreu es un punto de referencia en el análisis y la reflexión crítica en el campo de la fotografía y las artes gráficas en Portugal, entre el final del s. XIX y la primera mitad del s. XX. Vinculando la fotografía a las artes gráficas con temas comunes, costumbres y constante patrimonio inusual en la obra gráfica. Marques Abreu fue uno de los fotógrafos y fotograbadores que más contribuyeron al desarrollo y mejora de estas artes en Portugal. La implementación de la fotografía en Oporto en esos momentos empezaba a dar los primeros pasos, y los procesos de estampación se aplicaban con cierta ignorancia, y éste será el autor que contribuya definitivamente al arte de la fotografía, la edición y la impresión con calidad artística y nivel tecnológico. Marques Abreu fue un polifacético profesional tras haber sido, investigador, profesor, tipógrafo, impresor, editor, empresario y, sobre todo, un gran maestro de fotograbado.<br>[CAT] Edicions Marques Abreu (Porto, 1998/58) és un projecte de recerca doctoral centrat en l'obra fotogràfica i gràfica de José Antunes Marques Abreu, pensada per a explicar la seua contribució pionera i visionària en el desenvolupament de la fotografia, les indústries gràfiques, i l'edició impresa a Portugal, a través del tractament dels temes, els processos i les tècniques. El treball fotogràfic i les edicions de Marques Abreu és un punt de referència en l'anàlisi i la reflexió crítica en el camp de la fotografia i les arts gràfiques a Portugal, entre el final del s. XIX i la primera meitat del s. XX. Vinculant la fotografia a les arts gràfiques amb temes comuns, costums i constant patrimoni inusual en l'obra gràfica. Marques Abreu va ser un dels fotògrafs i fotogravadors que més van contribuir al desenvolupament i millora d'aquestes arts a Portugal. La implementació de la fotografia a Porto en aqueixos moments començava a donar els primers passos, i els processos d'estampació s'aplicaven amb certa ignorància, i aquest serà l'autor que contribuís definitivament a l'art de la fotografia, l'edició i la impressió amb qualitat artística i nivell tecnològic. Marques Abreu va ser un polifacètic professional després d'haver sigut, investigador, professor, tipògraf, impressor, editor, empresari i, sobretot, un gran mestre de fotogravat.<br>Fernandes Pinheiro Da Silva, MDG. (2016). Edições Marques Abreu (Porto, 1898-1974) [Tesis doctoral no publicada]. Universitat Politècnica de València. https://doi.org/10.4995/Thesis/10251/63233<br>TESIS
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Mitchell, Michael James Ross. "Municipal transport in Aberdeen 1898-1975." Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 1993. http://digitool.abdn.ac.uk/R?func=search-advanced-go&find_code1=WSN&request1=AAIU052053.

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In the late nineteenth century, and the first seventy years of the twentieth, municipal enterprise in utilities was one of the major functions of local authorities. The process by which Aberdeen took its tramways into municipal ownership is examined, and contrasted with experience in Glasgow Management and direction of the Transport Department by professional managers and politicans was an issue throughout its history. After the First World War, the Department had to deal with pressures of competition and renewal of assets when Aberdeen was undergoing rapid change in population distribution as central areas were cleared and new housing was constructed in outlying areas. The influence of central government became more marked through the financing and planning of these housing estates, and the local government structures in Aberdeen were placed under increasing strain. The failure to co-ordinate planning, housing and transport resulted in fragmented decision-making, and the lack of a transport strategy in particular led to serious mistakes in transport planning and investment. The direction of transport policy was also affected by external factors, including concerns about road safety and traffic congestion. The decision to abandon the tramways is examined in some depth, and it is concluded that their abandonment should have been undertaken earlier, avoiding needless fleet renewal. In the post-tramway period the difficulties facing the Transport Department, of dealing with falling demand and the need to reduce costs, are examined. Throughout the study, the influence of local politicians on decision-making, and the influence of local critics of their policies, are considered.
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30

Carvalho, Danielle Crepaldi 1982. "Arte em tempos de "chirinola" : a proposta de renovação teatral de Coelho Netto (1897-1898)." [s.n.], 2009. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/270221.

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Orientador: Orna Messer Levin<br>Acompanha 1 CD-ROM<br>Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Estudos da Linguagem<br>Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-14T12:21:36Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Carvalho_DanielleCrepaldi_M.pdf: 8306817 bytes, checksum: 03d52e563169bdbc68987dd592f976fa (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009<br>Resumo: Neste trabalho, analiso a produção teatral com que o literato Henrique Maximiniano Coelho Netto (1864-1934) - autor importante na virada do século XIX para o XX - inaugurou sua intervenção nos palcos cariocas, em especial o "poema dramático" Pelo Amor! (1897), o "episódio lírico" Ártemis e a "balada em prosa rítmica" Hóstia (1898). Através de tais obras, o literato almejava combater a crise que, segundo seu julgamento, o teatro enfrentava. Sua crítica era dirigida tanto às peças teatrais representadas nas casas de espetáculos comerciais do Rio de Janeiro quanto aos artistas que nelas atuavam. O repertório das companhias que estavam em cartaz na capital era composto, em sua maioria, pelos melodramas lacrimosos e especialmente pelas comédias musicadas - estas recebiam a contribuição dos gêneros musicais populares (a exemplo do lundu e do maxixe). As comédias musicadas exploravam as situações cômicas, algumas vezes fantasiosas, por meio de diálogos construídos, muitas vezes, sobre o duplo sentido das palavras. Além da ausência de qualidades artísticas, Netto considerava essas comédias musicadas licenciosas, já que invariavelmente assumiam uma conotação sexual, devido aos ditos ambíguos que utilizavam e às danças sensuais. Sendo assim, o literato propunha-se a conduzir uma regeneração nos palcos, apoiando-se, para isso, na tradição literária ocidental, da qual retirou os assuntos para a escrita desses dramas. E por acreditar que o elenco profissional não tinha condições intelectuais para levar à cena peças literárias, estimulou que fossem encenadas por um elenco amador composto pela elite econômica do Rio de Janeiro. Pelo Amor! trata da desolação de uma condessa escocesa frente à perda do esposo e o amor que nutre por ele, o qual engendrará o desfecho trágico de ambos. A atmosfera lúgubre que perdura no drama se reflete na música criada por Leopoldo Miguez, que, tendo sofrido visível influência do músico alemão Richard Wagner, criou temas musicais para as personagens principais e esboçou uma interação entre elas no plano musical. A iniciativa conquistou adeptos mas também recebeu críticas. O mesmo deu-se, no ano seguinte, quando da encenação de Ártemis (música de Alberto Nepomuceno) e Hóstia (música de Delgado de Carvalho), no ano seguinte. Na verdade, muitas foram as críticas, ora às peças, ora à relação entre o texto e a música, reação que, em grande medida, tangia o aspecto político. Ora, a imposição de um novo modelo artístico intentava gerar a reordenação do cenário artístico carioca e a exclusão de obras consagradas pelo público e também parte da crítica, como as óperas italianas, as comédias musicadas e os melodramas. Proponho-me, na presente dissertação, a analisar as três peças de Coelho Netto à luz da produção teatral e crítica da época e sobre a época, e daquilo que os literatos do Rio de Janeiro publicaram a respeito da movimentação cultural da cidade. Ocasionalmente, tal trabalho também irá se estender à partitura das obras, para que a relação entre texto e música seja melhor compreendida.<br>Abstract: In this work, I analyze the theater plays with which Henrique Maximiniano Coelho Netto (1864- 1934) - important Brazilian writer in the turn of the nineteenth century to the twentieth - started his interference in the stage of Rio de Janeiro, specially the "dramatic poem" Pelo Amor! (1897), the "lyric episode" Ártemis and the "ballad in rhythmic prose" Hóstia (1898). Through these plays, the writer claimed to defeat the crisis he believed the theatre was facing. His criticism aimed the plays presented in the commercial theaters of Rio de Janeiro and the actors and actresses that played them. Thecompanies' repertoire was restricted to almost only teary melodramas and specially musical comedies - the comedies had the contribution of popular music (for example, lundu and maxixe) and presented usually funny and sometimes fantastic situations, with dialogues that eventually leaned upon double senses. Beyond the lack of artistic qualities, Netto considered the musical comedies vicious, because of the sexual insinuation they implied through dialogues and music. Therefore, the writer intended to conduct a regeneration of the stage, using for that the occidental literary tradition, from where the subjects of these plays were chosen. And because he believed the professional artists lacked intellectual conditions to present literary plays, he gave his work to be put on stage by amateur groups that had the economic elite as members. Pelo Amor! presents the desolation of a Scottish countess because of the loss of her husband and the love that she devotes to his, which is responsible for the tragic ending of both. The grim atmosphere that remains in the drama reflects in the music created by Leopoldo Miguez, that had suffered visible influence of the German musician Richard Wagner, for Miguez creates musical themes for the leading characters and paints an interaction between them in the musical field. But the idea didn't have only adepts. The same happened with Ártemis (music by Alberto Nepomuceno) and Hóstia (music by Delgado de Carvalho), in the following year. In fact, many were the detractors of the texts and music of these plays, reaction that is largely related to political aspects, once the imposition of a new artistic model intended to cause the reorganization of Rio's artistic scenery and the exclusion of work of arts that were successful among the public and also part of the critic, like the Italian opera, the musical comedies and the melodramas. I intend to analyze these plays taking in consideration the theatrical and critical production of that time and of nowadays and what Rio's writers published related to the cultural activities of the capital. This work will also occasionally refer to the printed lyrics of the plays in order to understand the relation between text and music.<br>Mestrado<br>Literatura e Outras Produções Culturais<br>Mestre em Teoria e História Literária
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31

Silva, Gabriela Ucoski da. "História e aspectos do cotidiano da hospedaria de imigrantes do Cristal Porto Alegre (1890-1898)." Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10923/5745.

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Made available in DSpace on 2014-04-11T02:01:09Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 000456791-Texto+Completo-0.pdf: 2614971 bytes, checksum: 49c00f606b82d96ba2433381b3ba694b (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014<br>The purpose of this paper is to question the organization, functioning and everyday life of the Immigrant`s Inn of Cristal District, space created to the reception of the new coming immigrant in Porto Alegre in the last decade of the XIX century. From this century on, a wide flow of people starts to leave their countries in search of a new life, especially in the three Americas. In front of this fact, innumerable politics intended to treat the immigration and the colonization were created, standing out the ones involved with the procedures adopted in the moment of the arrival of these population flow. Among them, there was the creation of the immigrant`s inn, institutions that became common in that period. Rio Grande do Sul, in its turn, obeying to the central government mandate, cared for providing such institutions, especially in Porto Alegre. Meanwhile, few studies deal with this subject. Furthermore, a great “corpus documental” of the Immigrant`s Inn of Cristal District made it possible to know how the immigrant`s accommodation happened in the moment that the immigration flow was intense, beyond the history of that institution. The study permitted, still, understand the Brazilian and Rio Grande do Sul immigration politician turned back to the reception and accommodation of the new comers, as well as changes, problems and difficulties faced alongside the time in that enterprise, singularly in Rio Grande do Sul.<br>O presente trabalho tem como objetivo problematizar a organização, o funcionamento e o cotidiano da Hospedaria de Imigrantes do Cristal, espaço criado para recepção dos imigrantes recém-chegados a Porto Alegre na última década do século XIX. A partir de meados deste, tem início um amplo trânsito de pessoas que deixam seus países em busca de uma nova vida, especialmente nas Américas. Diante desse fato, inúmeras políticas destinadas a tratar da imigração e da colonização foram criadas, destacando-se as voltadas aos procedimentos adotados no momento da chegada desse fluxo populacional. Dentre elas, constava a criação das hospedarias de imigrantes, instituições que se tornaram comuns nesse período. O Rio Grande do Sul, por sua vez, obedecendo aos decretos do governo central, tratou de providenciar tais instituições, especialmente em Porto Alegre. Entretanto, pouquíssimos estudos versam sobre este assunto. Ademais, um vasto corpus documental da Hospedaria de Imigrantes do Cristal possibilitou conhecer como se deu a acomodação dos imigrantes no momento em que o fluxo imigratório foi intenso, além da história dessa instituição. O estudo permitiu, ainda, compreender a política imigratória brasileira e rio-grandense voltada à recepção e acomodação dos recém-chegados, bem como as mudanças, os problemas e as dificuldades enfrentadas ao longo do tempo nesse empreendimento, singularmente no Rio Grande do Sul.
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32

Sen, Satadru. "Punishment and society in colonial India : the penal settlement in the Andaman Islands, 1858-1898 /." Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/10376.

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33

Yu, Shiu-nung. "Upholding the sacred teachings : action and ideas against the reform movement in Hunan, 1897-1898 /." Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 1999. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B20735248.

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34

Martínez, Taberner Guillermo. "La región del Nanyō. El Japón Meiji y las colonias asiáticas del imperio español, 1858-1898." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/80040.

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La reapertura de Japón y la transformación del período Meiji tuvieron implicaciones regionales que llevaron al reforzamiento de los vínculos con las colonias asiáticas del imperio español durante la segunda mitad del siglo XIX. En el marco de las relaciones iniciadas con el proyecto para la firma del tratado hispano-japonés de 1868, destacaron tres procesos históricos. El primero fue la incorporación del gobierno español al sistema de “tratados desiguales” vigente en Japón. En segundo lugar, el papel de las islas Filipinas, Marianas y Carolinas en la nanshin-ron 南進論 o “teorías del avance hacia el sur” a la hora de fomentar la penetración de los intereses japoneses en el Nanyō 南洋o región de los “mares del sur”. Finalmente, destacó la intensificación de las relaciones entre los archipiélagos japonés y filipino durante la última década de este siglo. El análisis de estos procesos permite observar cómo el declive de un imperio español que trataba de conservar sus colonias asiáticas, discurrió paralelamente al ascenso de Japón como una nueva potencia que exploraba las posibilidades de expandir sus intereses en la región donde estaban localizadas dichas colonias.<br>The reopening of Japan and the transformation during the Meiji period had regional implications linked to the intensification of the relationship with the Asian colonies of the Spanish empire during the second half of the 19th century. In the context of the relationships initiated with the project for the Japanese-Spanish treaty of 1868, it is possible to highlight three historic processes. First is the Spanish project to join the unequal treaty system established in Japan. Secondly is the role of the Philippine, Marianas and Caroline islands within the nanshin-ron 南進論 or “theories of the advance towards the South Seas” to promote the penetration of the Japanese interest in the Nanyō 南洋 or “South Seas”. Lastly is the process of strengthening linkages between Japan and the Philippines during the last decade of this century. The analysis of these processes allows us to observe how the decline of a Spanish empire trying to maintain its Asian colonies was parallel to the rise of Japan as a new power, which explored new possibilities to expand its interests in the region where these colonies were located.
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35

Tyreman, Katie. "Between Women: Visualizing Victorian Women Artists’ Identities through Art Movements, Media and Scale, c. 1848-1898." Thesis, University of York, 2013. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.594222.

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36

Silva, Gabriela Ucoski da. "Hist?ria e aspectos do cotidiano da hospedaria de imigrantes do Cristal Porto Alegre (1890-1898)." Pontif?cia Universidade Cat?lica do Rio Grande do Sul, 2014. http://tede2.pucrs.br/tede2/handle/tede/2491.

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Made available in DSpace on 2015-04-14T13:48:11Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 456791.pdf: 2614971 bytes, checksum: 49c00f606b82d96ba2433381b3ba694b (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-03-20<br>The purpose of this paper is to question the organization, functioning and everyday life of the Immigrant`s Inn of Cristal District, space created to the reception of the new coming immigrant in Porto Alegre in the last decade of the XIX century. From this century on, a wide flow of people starts to leave their countries in search of a new life, especially in the three Americas. In front of this fact, innumerable politics intended to treat the immigration and the colonization were created, standing out the ones involved with the procedures adopted in the moment of the arrival of these population flow. Among them, there was the creation of the immigrant`s inn, institutions that became common in that period. Rio Grande do Sul, in its turn, obeying to the central government mandate, cared for providing such institutions, especially in Porto Alegre. Meanwhile, few studies deal with this subject. Furthermore, a great corpus documental of the Immigrant`s Inn of Cristal District made it possible to know how the immigrant`s accommodation happened in the moment that the immigration flow was intense, beyond the history of that institution. The study permitted, still, understand the Brazilian and Rio Grande do Sul immigration politician turned back to the reception and accommodation of the new comers, as well as changes, problems and difficulties faced alongside the time in that enterprise, singularly in Rio Grande do Sul.<br>O presente trabalho tem como objetivo problematizar a organiza??o, o funcionamento e o cotidiano da Hospedaria de Imigrantes do Cristal, espa?o criado para recep??o dos imigrantes rec?m-chegados a Porto Alegre na ?ltima d?cada do s?culo XIX. A partir de meados deste, tem in?cio um amplo tr?nsito de pessoas que deixam seus pa?ses em busca de uma nova vida, especialmente nas Am?ricas. Diante desse fato, in?meras pol?ticas destinadas a tratar da imigra??o e da coloniza??o foram criadas, destacando-se as voltadas aos procedimentos adotados no momento da chegada desse fluxo populacional. Dentre elas, constava a cria??o das hospedarias de imigrantes, institui??es que se tornaram comuns nesse per?odo. O Rio Grande do Sul, por sua vez, obedecendo aos decretos do governo central, tratou de providenciar tais institui??es, especialmente em Porto Alegre. Entretanto, pouqu?ssimos estudos versam sobre este assunto. Ademais, um vasto corpus documental da Hospedaria de Imigrantes do Cristal possibilitou conhecer como se deu a acomoda??o dos imigrantes no momento em que o fluxo imigrat?rio foi intenso, al?m da hist?ria dessa institui??o. O estudo permitiu, ainda, compreender a pol?tica imigrat?ria brasileira e rio-grandense voltada ? recep??o e acomoda??o dos rec?m-chegados, bem como as mudan?as, os problemas e as dificuldades enfrentadas ao longo do tempo nesse empreendimento, singularmente no Rio Grande do Sul.
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37

Perroncel, Morvan. "Génie national et mouvement démocratique : discours sur la notion et participations politiques du Seikyôsha (1888-1898)." Paris 7, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PA070009.

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Ce travail porte sur le Seikyôsha, cercle d'intellectuels formé à Tokyo en 1888 et connu pour-sa défense du « génie national » (kokusui) japonais. L'attention a été portée sur les idées exprimées dans la revue Nihonjin (« Japonais ») mais également sur les divers engagements et participations politique du groupe. S'agissant de la doctrine, on s'est attaché à montrer que l'émergence d'un discours nationaliste, au sens étroit du terme, était rendue possible par l'introduction du concept de société dans les discours politiques. Une attention particulière a I été donnée aux articles de Shiga Shigetaka (1862-1927), chez qui est sensible notamment une influence darwinienne. Plusieurs autres intervenants ont été étudiés (Inoue Enryô, Kikuchi Kumatarô, Miyake Setsurei), dont les conceptions de la nation (minzoku / kokumin) diffèrent entre elles et de celle de Shiga. A partir de 1890, la principale inflexion qu'on peut observer est l'adjonction d'un versant asiatiste à des discours qui, jusque-là, traitaient du Japon comme d'une entité autonome. S'agissant des engagements, on a notamment souligné le fait que la revue avait toujours été une revue politique et que ce caractère s'était même accentué au fil des années, son opposition aux clans du gouvernement la faisant souvent suspendre entre 1890 et 1895. Ce désir de participation politique s'est réalisé à la fois en relation avec les partis et indépendamment d'eux, le Seikyôsha prêchant surtout l'union de l'opposition, au moins jusqu'au lendemain de la Guerre sino-japonaise (1894-1895) : la revue s'ouvre alors largement à des représentants du parti Kaishintô et Shiga participe directement, en 1896, à la fondation du Shinpotô<br>The object of this research is the Seikyôsha, a circle of intellectuals founded in Tokyo in 1888 and known as the exponent of a Japanese « national genius » (kokusui). Attention has been given both to the particular and various commitments of the group and to the ideas expressed in its journal Nihonjin (« The Japanese »). As for the doctrine, the emergence of a modem nationalist discourse has been linked to the introduction of the concept of society in political discourses. The analysis has been focused firstly on articles published by Shiga Shigetaka (1863-1927), in which a darwinian influence must be noticed. Shiga's discourse on the nation (minzoku I kokumin) has then been contrasted with other Seikyôsha members' views and approaches (Inoue Enryô, Kikuchi Kumatarô, Miyake Setsurei). After 1890, the main change observed is the adjunction of an asiatist perspective to a discourse initially setting Japan as an autonomous entity. As for the commitments, the fact has been stressed that Nihonjin has always been a political journal : it has been so from the very beginning and this aspect has been more pronounced with years. Between 1890 and 1895, Nihonjin has often been suspended for criticizing government clans. This desire of political participation has been carried out both in connection with and independently from the partys - the Seikyôsha's main | advocacy being union of the opposition - at least until Sino-Japanese war (1894-1895) : from | 1895 to 1899, the journal has been widely opened to Kaishintô's leading members and Shiga | took an active part in the foundation of the Shinpotô in 1896
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38

Schöne, Lutz [Verfasser]. "Eisenbetonschalen zwischen 1898 und 1928 / Lutz Schöne." Aachen : Shaker, 2011. http://d-nb.info/1074088425/34.

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39

Demay, Aline. "Tourisme et colonisation en Indochine (1898-1939)." Thèse, Paris 1, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/10096.

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Comment le tourisme s’est-il développé dans un territoire en pleine expansion coloniale ? Comment tourisme et colonisation se sont-ils conjugués ? Quel lien peut-on établir entre ces deux dynamiques ? C’est ce à quoi cette thèse tente de répondre en démontrant l’instrumentalisation du tourisme par les politiques coloniales. Elle se divise en sept chapitres abordant successivement le transfert des pratiques touristiques de l’Europe à l’Indochine, leurs implantations, leurs intégrations aux politiques de mise en valeur des années 1920, les conséquences spatiales de leurs implantations (construction de voies de communication et d’hébergements hôteliers) et la communication instaurée par l’Etat pour promouvoir l’Indochine comme une destination touristique auprès des Indochinois comme des touristes étrangers.<br>How did tourism develop in a rapidly expanding colonial territory? How were tourism and colonization combined? What links were established between these two processes? These are the questions that this thesis addresses by demonstrating the exploitation of tourism by colonial policies. This thesis is divided into seven chapters dealing successively with the transfer of European tourism practices to Indochina, their location, their integration into the politics of territorial development in the 1920s, the spatial consequences of their implementation (construction of roads and hotel accommodation), and the attempts of the State to promote Indochina as a touristic destination for both Indochinese and foreign tourists alike.
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40

Fairbairn, Brett. "The German elections of 1898 and 1903." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1987. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.328439.

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41

Ng, Tat-yan, and 伍達仁. "Jian Bozan (1898-1968) and his historiography." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1991. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31950012.

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42

Yang, Hao-han Helen, and 楊浩涵. ""A lady wanted": Victorian governesses abroad1856-1898." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2008. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B41633805.

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43

Bennett, Bridget. "Harold Frederic (1856-1898) : lives and works." Thesis, University of York, 1992. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.317729.

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44

Campbell, Fergus J. M. "Land and politics in Connacht, 1898-1909." Thesis, University of Bristol, 1996. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.284901.

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Padilla, Angulo Fernando J. "Volunteers of the Spanish Empire (1855-1898)." Thesis, University of Bristol, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/1983/2bc728c1-7535-4df7-a528-4be5d50af721.

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Volunteers of the Empire (1855-1898) explores the history of the Volunteer units that existed in Cuba, Puerto Rico, Santo Domingo, and the Philippines during the second half of the 19th century. These units were closely associated with the continuity of Spanish sovereignty, and to understandings of the empire as an extension of the Spanish Nation. The Volunteers have traditionally been considered the private militia of the Spanish colonial elite, politically conservative, and made up almost exclusively of Spaniards from the metropolis, the so-called peninsulares. This thesis challenges this view and explores the history of the Volunteers in a new light. Principally drawing on unpublished documents consulted in Spain, Cuba, and Puerto Rico (encompassing military records, letters, and memoirs), this thesis explores four main aspects: the reasons that motivated the creation of the Volunteers, the participation of colonial societies, the Volunteers’ relationship with the Spanish authorities, and their social and political cohesion. In a major revision of the existing historiography, this thesis demonstrates that both "peninsulares" and creoles participated in the Volunteers. This heterogeneity meant that the Volunteers’ relationship with the Spanish authorities fluctuated between loyalty and confrontation depending on the challenges posed to the colonial statu quo by the colonial policy designed in Madrid. The Volunteers were also diverse in social (there were "peninsulares" and creoles, working-class, middle-class and affluent members), and political terms. Conservatives, liberals, republicans, and socialists filled their ranks. The cohesive principle of the Volunteers resided in adherence to the idea of the Spanish Nation’s unity, rather than in loyalty to the imperial authorities. This thesis argues that the Volunteers can be held to represent the ambivalent relationship between Nation and Empire, something which is still poorly understood in the Spanish case despite recent advances. It reveals the existence of a loyalist sentiment among significant sectors of the colonial societies, inviting us to reconsider the political and social dimensions of the struggles for independence in the Spanish colonies.
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Hattukangas, J. (Jukka). "Suhtautuminen karhuun Suomen Urheilulehdissä vuosina 1898–1905." Bachelor's thesis, University of Oulu, 2017. http://urn.fi/URN:NBN:fi:oulu-201710193001.

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47

Desvois, Jean-Michel. "Presse et politique en Espagne : 1898-1936." Bordeaux 3, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1989BOR30006.

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Presse et politique en espagne (1898-1936) est un ensemble de publications et travaux divers regroupes en trois livres. Le livre premier, consacre aux entreprises de presse, aborde, en liaison avec le contexte general, les aspects legaux, economiques et techniques de leur activite, et permet de degager un certain nombre de constantes: importance des donnees politiques, poids du progres technique, et permanence de conflits d'interets, au sein de la presse elle-meme et entre elle et son environnement. Industriels et financiers, journalistes et public participent ou assistent a une integration croissante de ce secteur de l'economie dans le systeme capitaliste. Le livre deuxieme, consacre a la premiere grande campagne d'opinion qu'ait connue l'espagne, celle que declenche en 1921 la defaite d'annual, montre comment on peut parvenir au noeud d'une situation historique donnee en partant du discours d'un certain nombre de journaux importants et en le replacant dans son contexte. En effet, c'est eux qui menent le combat contre le systeme politique issu de la restauration et provoquent l'avenement d'une dictature qui ne sera qu'un court palliatif a sa decomposition et a sa chute finale. Le livre troisieme, centre sur la iie republique, temoigne aussi pour partie de l'interaction qui existe entre la presse et les circonstances ou elle opere, que ce soit sous l'angle des repercussions-limitees il est vraiqu'entrainent pour elle l'instauration du nouveau regime et ses vicissitudes, ou par ses reactions dans une conjoncture qui marquera profondement la memoire collective des espagnols. Temoin de l'histoire en train de se faire, la presse peut en devenir protagoniste. C'est a ce double titre que son etude permet de mieux apprehender la realite de l'espagne contemporaine<br>Press and politics in spain (1898-1936) is a collection of publications and research articles presented in three volumes. The first volume, on newspapers as business undertakings, looks at the legal, economic and technical aspects of their activity within the general context, and brings to light a number of underlying trends: the importance of the political situation, the impact of technological progress and the enduring conflicts of interest, both within the press and between the press and its environment. Industrialists and financiers, journalists and the general public witnessed or took an active part in the growing integration of this sector of the economy into the capitalist system. The second volume focuses on the first major campaign of opinion in spain's history, which was to culminate in the defeat of annual in 1921. It shows how the central core of a given historical situation can be revealed by studying the discourse of a number of important newspapers and placing it in context. These newspapers were at the forefront of the struggle against the political system which emerged in the wake of the restoration, and they were instrumental in bringing to power a dictatorship which was no more than a short-term palliative to its decline and ultimate fall. The third volume, centred on the second republic, also reflects the interaction between the press and the circumstances in which it operates, as seen either from the point of view of the repercussions for the press-admittedly limited- of the establishment of the new regime and its changing fortunes, or from that of its reactions during a period of political and social upheaval which was to leave a profound mark on the collective memory of the spanish. A witness to history in the making, the press can also become actively involved. It is for both these reasons that studying it can yield a better understanding of contemporary spain
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Rendón, Catherine. "Manuel Estrada Cabrera : Guatemalan president, 1898-1920." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1988. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:f51e5514-9a9e-49e8-8c82-d7e1b128fa5c.

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This study offers an account of the presidency of Manuel Estrada Cabrera (1898-1920), concentrating on the political, social and economic aspects of his regime. Following the 'Liberal' inheritance of the Justo Rufino Barrios years (1871-1885), Cabrera is a significant figure in the trajectory of autocratic regimes in Guatemala, which, with few interruptions, stretches from Rafael Carrera (1844-1861) to the present day. Cabrera inherited some of the techniques of Guatemalan dictatorship, but he was also an unorthodox and controversial ruler, remarkable for his sustained retention of power and for the methods he used. The historiography of nineteenth and twentieth-century Guatemala is not generally rich and the Cabrera period is one which has been neglected. Although the United States' and several other diplomatic archives were examined in order to complete this study, it must be stressed that it does not try to explain Guatemalan history through U.S. foreign policy; rather it seeks to focus on the man, and the people who kept him in power for twenty-two years. Diplomats and travellers wrote informative reports which often give frank assessments of character and motive, as well as commenting on internal and external matters in reports which supplement local sources. Secondary sources have also been examined, as well as what remains of Cabrera's private archives, contemporary letters and documents. Furthermore, oral sources added much information. This dictatorship is intrinsically interesting, given the peculiarities and unusual transformations which Cabrera instituted in his government and in national life so as to retain power. This study of Cabrera hopes to enable the reader to appreciate better how such autocracies have propagated themselves in Guatemala and what strains and pressures they were under, and may even afford some pointers for more recent times.
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49

Rhay, Gary D. "Army professionalism 1877-1898: myth or reality /." Fort Leavenworth, KS : [US Army Command and General Staff College], 1990. http://cgsc.cdmhost.com/u?/p4013coll2,1433.

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50

Krauße, Anna-Carola. "Lotte Laserstein (1898 - 1993) : Leben und Werk /." Berlin : Reimer, 2006. http://swbplus.bsz-bw.de/bsz250623412rez.htm.

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