Journal articles on the topic '1906-1962'

The Afrotropical species described as Trachyphloeini Lacordaire, 1863 were examined and their taxonomic status is revised. Atrachyphloeus Voss, 1962 is proposed as a junior synonym of Phaylomerinthus Schoenherr, 1842, Cathormiocerus africanus Hoffmann, 1965 as a junior synonym of Tapinomorphus sylvicola Voss, 1962 and Trachyphloeus pustulifer Voss, 1959 as a junior synonym of Platycopes tuberculatus Marshall, 1906. Atrachyphloeus convergens Voss, 1962 is transferred to the genus Phaylomerinthus Schoenherr, 1842, Trachyphloeus hardenbergi Marshall, 1923 and T. notulatus Boheman, 1842 to Glyptosomus Schoenherr, 1847, Trachyphloeus nanus Fåhraeus, 1871 to Pentatrachyphloeus Voss, 1974, Trachyphloeus pustulifer Voss, 1959 to Platycopes Schoenherr, 1823 and Trachyphloeus setiger Fåhraeus, 1871 to Phaylomerinthus Schoenherr, 1842. “Trachyphloeosoma” brevicolle Voss, 1974, “Trachyphloeus” brevis Boheman, 1842, “T”. nodifrons Hoffmann, 1968 and “T”. squalidus Boheman, 1842 are provisionally left in their current genera, but new genera for them will be described in future papers. The genus Phaylomerinthus Schoenherr, 1842 has been redefined and redescribed. Lectotypes for the following species are designated (current names added in brackets where different): Cathormiocerus africanus Hoffmann, 1965 (Tapinomorphus sylvicola Voss, 1962), Trachyphloeus hardenbergi Marshall, 1923 (Glyptosomus hardenbergi (Marshall, 1923)), Trachyphloeus nanus Fåhraeus, 1871 (Pentatrachyphloeus nanus (Fåhraeus, 1871)), Trachyphloeus notulatus Boheman, 1842 (Glyptosomus notulatus (Boheman, 1842)), Trachyphloeus pustulifer Voss, 1959 (Platycopes tuberculatus (Marshall, 1906)), Trachyphloeus setiger Fåhraeus, 1871 (Phaylomerinthus setiger (Fåhraeus, 1871)), “Trachyphloeus” brevis Boheman in Schoenherr, 1842 and “Trachyphloeus” squalidus Boheman in Schoenherr, 1842. Two paralectotypes of Cathormiocerus africanus Hoffmann, 1965 from Tanzania are described as a new species, Tapinomorphus franzi sp. n. All type specimens are illustrated.

Dossier: Grandes psiquiatras argentinas: Arturo AMEGHINO (1869-1948), René ARDITI ROCHA (1904-1962), Gregorio BERMANN (1894-1972), José T. BORDA (1869-1936), Gonzalo BOSCH (1885-1965), Exequías BRINGAS NÚÑEZ (1904-2000),Domingo CABRED (1859-1929), Raúl CAMINO (1939-2018), Lanfranco CIAMPI (1885-1962), Juan DALMA (1895-1977), Francisco DE VEYGA (1866-1942), Noel FELDMAN (1928-2001), R. Horacio ETCHEGOYEN (1919-2016), Jorge GARCÍA BADARACCO (1924-2010), Mauricio GOLDENBERG (1916-2006), José INGENIEROS (1877-1925), Cristofredo JAKOB (1856-1966), Alejandro KORN (1860 -1936), Enrique Eduardo KRAPF (1901-1963), Osvaldo LOUDET (1889-1983), Lucio MELÉNDEZ (1844-1901), Braulio MOYANO (1906-1959), Juan M. OBARRIO (1878-1958), Elpidio R. OLIVERA (1924-2016), Carlos Rodolfo PEREYRA (1903-1965), Enrique PICHON RIVIÈRE (1907-1977), José María RAMOS MEJÍA (1852-1914), Telma RECA (1904-1979), Carolina TOBAR GARCIA (1898-1962), Guillermo VIDAL (1917-2000).

Este artigo apresenta alguns dados sobre a história do campo de conhecimento e prática da Psicologia em sua relação com a educação no Brasil. Este estudo foi conduzido baseado no fundamento epistêmico-filosófico do materialismo histórico dialético e na nova história, utilizando fontes bibliográficas históricas e cinco relatos orais de personagens da Psicologia educacional e escolar. Os depoimentos e o material das fontes escritas constituíram o corpus documental, cuja organização seguiu a metodologia da história oral e da historiografia plural. Foi realizada análise descritivo-analítica compreendida em duas etapas: a) análise documental (fontes não orais) e b) construção de indicadores e núcleos de significação dos registros orais. A partir das análises, compôs-se uma periodização da história da Psicologia educacional e escolar brasileira por meio de marcos históricos que compreendeu as fases: 1) colonização, saberes psicológicos e educação (1500-1906), 2) a Psicologia em outros campos de conhecimento (1906-1930), 3) desenvolvimentismo - a Escola Nova e os psicologistas na educação (1930-1962), 4) A Psicologia educacional e a Psicologia do escolar (1962-1981), 5) o período da crítica (1981-1990), 6) a Psicologia educacional e escolar e a reconstrução (1990-2000) e 7) A virada do século: novos rumos? (2000-).

Sleeping-sickness control in southern Uganda created ideological openings for the articulation of colonial visions of African environments. Competing colonial agendas, Ugandans' positions in their own environments, and Ugandans' resistance and responses to colonial schemes determined how such visions played themselves out in practice. The emerging power of colonial science played an important role in colonial attempts at constructing nature and defining Africans' relationship with their environments through disease control. The combination of forced depopulations, strategic clearings, and planned resettlement in British sleeping-sickness control schemes in southern Uganda set in motion a cycle of long-term land alienation from 1906 to 1962 that reflected the particular relations between British science, environmental intervention, and colonisation.

La poliomielitis fue introducida en Cuba a finales del siglo XIX por norteamericanos residentes en Isla de Pinos. Las primeras epidemias ocurrieron en 1906 y 1909, aumentaron en intensidad entre 1930-1958. El objetivo del artículo es reconstruir la historia de la enfermedad y sus epidemias en Cuba hasta 1961, de la primera Campaña Nacional de Vacunación Antipolio (1962) y de sus resultados, bien como analizar la continuidad de las campañas anuales de vacunación hasta la certificación de su eliminación (1994). Se siguió el método histórico lógico; se revisaron documentos de archivos, las estadísticas del Ministerio de Salud Pública sobre morbilidad y mortalidad hasta el 2000. Se calcularon tasas brutas de morbilidad y mortalidad. Se realizaron entrevistas a personajes claves.

This paper deals with the study of the Orthoptera Tettigoniidae found in Nouabalé-Ndoki National Park (Republic of Congo) and the comparison of the results with those previously found in the neighbouring Dzanga-Ndoki National Park (Central African Republic). The study of specimens allowed for the description of a new tribe Myllocentrini, a new genus Pseudoeurycorypha (type species: P. civilettorum n. sp. from Republic of Congo, Central African Republic, and Côte d’Ivoire), and six new species Plangiopsis nouabalensis, Leiodontocercus vicentae, Phlaurocentrum dentatum, Poreuomena derozierae, Tetraconcha maculosa and Tetraconcha laszloi from Republic of Congo. In addition, Phlaurocentrum morettanum n. sp. is described from Côte d’Ivoire, while Phlaurocentrum morettoi Massa, 2013 from Central African Republic is synonymized with P. lobatum Ragge, 1962 from Democratic Republic of Congo. Furthermore, morphological evidence allows for the inclusion of three genera, Bongeia Sjöstedt, 1902, Itokiia Sjöstedt, 1902, and Tapiena Bolívar, 1906 (presently Afrotapiena n. gen.; species type: Tapiena minor Bolívar, 1906 from Ghana), in the tribe Plangiopsidini Cadeña-Castaneda, 2015 which currently contains Plangiopsis Karsch, 1889 and Plangiola Bolívar, 1906. Moreover, new morphological data on the group of Arantia rectifolia Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1878, including Arantia tanzanica Hemp & Massa, 2017 and Arantia marginata Massa, 2021, has enabled these two species to be transferred from the subgenus Euarantia Heller, 2014 to Arantia Stål, 1874. The male of Anthracopsis gigliotosi Karny, 1907 is described, and other species of Tettigoniidae are reported for the first time from Republic of Congo. Most of the endemic species or genera are highly vulnerable to extinction due to their small distributional ranges. The results highlight the importance of the Congo River Basin as a biodiversity hotspot and underline the need to find appropriate, additional and urgent conservation measures for this area of tropical forest.

A história da imprensa adventista brasileira começa com a publicação, em 1904, do primeiro periódico impresso em língua portuguesa da Igreja Adventista do Sétimo Dia (IASD), O arauto da verdade – surgimento que alguns estudiosos da história do adventismo no Brasil acreditam ocorrer em 1900. Em 1906, surge a então chamada Revista Trimensal, hoje, Revista Adventista, nome adotado em março de 1931. Na capa, ela passou a ser identificada como órgão oficial da Igreja brasileira dos adventistas do sétimo dia, designação que continuou até 1974. Considerada órgão geral da denominação em terras brasileiras desde 1975, a Revista Adventista tem por objetivo central noticiar os acontecimentos mais significativos do meio adventista e do cristianismo no Brasil e no mundo. A publicação conta com um acervo digital disponível na internet que abriga, na íntegra, todos os números do periódico, desde a sua primeira edição, em 1906 – de onde parte a pesquisa de fontes e análises expostas no presente texto, que aborda como a revista reportou a teologia ecumênica conciliar. Foram analisadas nove edições, publicadas entre 1962 e 1965 – os anos de realização de concílio –, em que os termos Concílio Vaticano II– e correlatos – e ecumenismo são encontrados. A pesquisa se justifica pelo ineditismo de uma investigação sobre a interpretação do concílio por um órgão da Igreja Adventista brasileira. O exame dos materiais selecionados foi realizado a partir dos conceitos de memória, condições de produção, paráfrase e polissemia da análise do discurso.

It has been installed that the species richness of the blackflies of the north-eastern macroslope of the Ukrainian Carpathians counts 38 species of 2 genera: Prosimulium Roubaud, 1906 (2 species) and Simulium Latreille, 1802 (36 species). 20 species develop in the streams (Simpson's species diversity index (Іs) equals to 0,22), and 26 species develop in the rivers (Іs – 0,10). There are 8 common species of Simuliidae for both types of watercourses (similarity index by Czekanowski/Sørensen (І) is 0,26). 12 species of blackflies develop only in the streams, and 18 species develop only in the rivers. S. trifasciatum Curtis, 1839, S. reptanoides Carlsson, 1962, S. ornatum Meigen, 1818 and S. intermedium Roubaud, 1906 dominate in the hydrobiocenoses of the north-eastern macroslope of the Ukrainian Carpathians. S. trifasciatum and S. ornatum are widespread. It has been discovered that Simuliidae fauna of main altitudinal zonal plant groups of the region differs in composition and quantitative correlation of species. S. intermedium, S. ornatum, S. reptans Linnaeus, 1758 and S. trifasciatum are eurytopic. In the hydrobiocenoses of the district of beech forests has been registered 31 species (Is – 0.09), and in the watercourses of the district of spruce mountain Carpathian forests has been registered 24 species (Is – 0.18). It has been found out that with the decrease of height in the district of the beech forests, the value of Simpson's species diversity index decreases from 0.16 (20 species) in the subdistrict of the dark-coniferous-beech watershed forests to 0.11 (21 species) in the subdistrict of fir-beech and beech-fir precarpathian forests.

The genus Rhopalapion Schilsky, 1906 is revised and its name is applied to Apionidae with elongate body, elongate antennal club and strong sexual dimorphism in the length of rostrum, whose biology is related to Malvaceae belonging to the genus Alcea L., 1753. The morphological study of various populations hitherto attributed to Rhopalapion longirostre (Olivier, 1807) allowed the identification of a further species, Rhopalapion celatum n. sp. (♂♀, type locality: S-Iran: Fars Province: Pâsârgâd: vicinity tomb of Cyrus), distributed in Turkey, Armenia, Azerbaijan, Syria, Iraq, Iran, Uzbekistan, Kyrgyzstan and Kazakhstan. Lectotype (♂) of Apion longirostre Olivier, 1807 is designated. The following new combinations are proposed for the species formerly assigned to Rhopalapion: Pseudaspidapion leptorostre (Voss, 1959) n. comb. and Harpapion coelestipenne (Voss, 1962) n. comb. The genera Anacrapion Mazur, 2011 and Lopatinapion Friedman, 2013 are provisionally removed from the tribe Malvapiini Alonso-Zarazaga, 1990 and considered members of the supertribe Aspidapiitae Alonso-Zarazaga, 1990 with no tribal attribution.

Początki spółdzielczości bankowej, której dziś kontynuatorem jest Bank Spółdzielczy w Szadku, przypadają na rok 1906. Inicjatorem i organizatorem oraz pierwszym prezesem towarzystwa bankowego był dr Ignacy Lipiński. Do roku 1921 bank działał jako „Towarzystwo Pożyczkowo-Oszczędnościowe”, a następnie został przekształcony w „Bank Szadkowski spółdzielnia z ograniczoną odpowiedzialnością w mieście Szadku”. W październiku 1939 r. działalność banku została zawieszona z powodu trwającej okupacji niemieckiej. Reaktywowanie Banku Spółdzielczego nastąpiło w roku 1947. W 1950 r. spółdzielnia uległa przekształceniu na Gminną Kasę Spółdzielczą, a osiem lat później na Kasę Spółdzielczą. W 1961 r. przyjęła nazwę „Bank Spółdzielczy. Spółdzielnia Oszczędnościowo-Pożyczkowa”. Od maja 1962 r. do dziś instytucja działa pod nazwą „Bank Spółdzielczy w Szadku”. W roku 1975 bank został włączony w struktury Banku Gospodarki Żywnościowej. 18 lipca 1978 r. oddano do użytku nowy gmach Banku Spółdzielczego przy ul. Sieradzkiej w Szadku. Szadkowski bank w 1995 r. przystąpił do Zrzeszenia Regionalnego przy GBW S.A. w Poznaniu. Obecnie bank posiada cztery oddziały (Wodzierady, Goszczanów, Warta, Łask), jedną filię i punkt kasowy (Szadek).

We recognize 20 species of Symmocinae, concluding that all belong in the genus Chersogenes Walsingham, 1908 with the synonyms Epanastasis Walsingham, 1908, syn. rev., Ambloma Walsingham, 1908, syn. nov. and Thanatovena Gozmány, 1957. Thirteen species are described as new: Chersogenes variabilis Falck & Karsholt, sp. nov. (Spain: Gran Canaria), Chersogenes pseudocanariensis Falck & Karsholt, sp. nov. (Spain: Gran Canaria), Chersogenes subextricata Falck & Karsholt, sp. nov. (Spain: Tenerife), Chersogenes gomerae Falck & Karsholt, sp. nov. (Spain: La Gomera), Chersogenes nigra Falck & Karsholt, sp. nov. (Spain: Gran Canaria), Chersogenes hermiguae Falck & Karsholt, sp. nov. (Spain: La Gomera), Chersogenes mercedella Falck & Karsholt, sp. nov. (Spain: Tenerife), Chersogenes duabusalis Falck & Karsholt, sp. nov. (Spain: Fuerteventura and Lanzarote), Chersogenes aguiari Falck & Karsholt, sp. nov. (Portugal: Selvagens Islands), Chersogenes coxi Falck & Karsholt, sp. nov. (Spain: Fuerteventura), Chersogenes lanzarotae Falck & Karsholt, sp. nov. (Spain: Lanzarote), Chersogenes fuerteventurae Falck & Karsholt, sp. nov. (Spain: Fuerteventura), Chersogenes indistincta Falck & Karsholt, sp. nov. (Spain: Fuerteventura and Lanzarote). Chersogenes extricata (Gozmány, 1964), sp. rev., comb. nov. is removed from synonymy of Chersogenes (Epanastasis) canariensis (Rebel, 1906) and reinstated as a distinct species. Chersogenes excellens (Gozmány, 1977), syn. nov., comb. nov. is synonymized with Chersogenes klimeschi (Gozmány, 1975), comb. nov. Symmoca canariensis Rebel, 1906 and Epanastasis eupracta Gozmány, 1988 are newly combined as Chersogenes canariensis (Rebel, 1906), comb. nov. and Chersogenes eupracta (Gozmány, 1988), comb. nov. The following North African species are formally transferred from Epanastasis: Chersogenes arenbergerorum (Gozmány, 1988), comb. nov., Chersogenes enigmatica (Gozmány, 1964), comb. n., Chersogenes eremicola (Gozmány, 1988), comb. nov., Chersogenes erroris (Gozmány, 1962), comb. nov., Chersogenes friedeli (Gozmány, 1988), comb. nov., Chersogenes tunesica (Gozmány, 1988), comb. nov., and Chersogenes vetustella (Zerny, 1935), comb. nov. Two species of Holcopogoninae, Turatia iranica Gozmány, 2000 and Hesperesta hartigi (Turati, 1934) are recorded as new to the Canary Islands. Two of the new species, C. duabusalis, sp. nov. and C. aguiari, sp. nov. have brachypterous males. Photographs of the adults of all species are shown. Photographs of the genitalia of the new species are provided. All of the new species are barcoded. Analyses of DNA barcodes show that the identifications and distinctiveness of each species as well-supported and genetically isolated.

The most relevant scientific names of subfamilies, tribes, and subtribes with extant members in Chironomidae are tabulated and discussed. Nomenclature is unified and stabilized, resulting in the following changed spellings or data. Family-group names: Boreoheptagyiini Brundin, 1966; Chironomidae Newman, 1834; Diamesinae Kieffer, 1922; Harrisonini Brundin, 1966; Heptagyiini Brundin, 1966; Macropelopiini ZavÍel, 1929; Pentaneurini Hennig, 1950; Podonominae Thienemann & Edwards in Thienemann, 1937; Protanypodini Brundin, 1956; Tanytarsini ZavÍel, 1917. Genus-group name: Zavrelia Kieffer, Thienemann & Bause in Bause, 1913. Species-group names: Lasiodiamesa serpentina Edwards & Thienemann in Thienemann, 1937; Zavrelia pentatoma Kieffer & Bause in Bause, 1913. Applications for rulings by the ICZN will be submitted to try to A) conserve Coelotanypodini Fittkau, 1962 in place of a senior synonym; B) fix the type species of Orthocladius van der Wulp, and conserve Orthocladiinae Kieffer, 1911 in place of two senior synonyms; C) fix the type species of Tanypus Meigen, and render Tanypodinae available from Kieffer (1906) rather than from Skuse (1889; type genus misidentified); and D) conserve Zavreliina Sæther, 1977 in place of a senior synonym.

The literary work of the Russian writer Leonid Solovyov (1906-1962) was widely known in the Soviet period of the twentieth century - but only by means of the novel dilogy about Khoja Nasreddin. His other stories and essays were not included in the readers repertoire or the research focus. One of the reasons for this is that the writer was repressed by Stalinist regime due to his allegedly anti-Soviet activities. In the light of modern post-Orientalist studies, Solovyovs prose is relevant as a subcomponent of Russian Orientalism both in general sense and as its Soviet version. The Oriental stories series, which is the subject of this article, has never been the object of scientific research before. The authors of the article are engaged, in a broad sense, in identifying the features of Solovyovs Oriental poetics, and, narrowly, in revealing some patterns of the Central Asian picture of the world. In particular, the portraits of social and professional types, met by Solovyov there in 1920-1930, are presented. Some of them have sunk into oblivion, others can be found today, in the XXI century. Comparative, typological and cultural methods are used in the interdisciplinary context of the article.

Hazrat Allama Sardar Ahmad is Pakistani and belongs to Faisalabad. He born on 22 September, 1906 in Diyal Gerh, Gordaspur Hindustan. He established a great Islamic Institute with the name “Mezher-ul-Islam Jamia Rizvia Jhang Bazar Faisalabad. He was great Islamic learned personality, Speaker, Teacher, Sufi Saint, Writer of many books and Faqih who had excellent command on Islamic Jurisprudence and was known by his students and followers as “Mohaddis-i-Azam” Pakistan. He was the son of great personality Choudhry Miran Buksh Chishti. He was also the organizer of “All India Sunni Conference” and took active part in the movement of Pakistan. He produced many Ulamas with full knowledge of Quran, Hadith, Fiqh, Arabic Language and Literature, Islamic history, Ilm-ul-Kalam, Islamic Political, Social, Economic Thoughts. In modern Islamic World, a great number of Ulamas are delivering Islamic teachings and services which have gained their education from the Jamia Rizvia Faisalabad. He was adherent spiritually with Shah Muhammad Taj-al-Haq of Chishti Sufi Order. He died on 29 Dec, 1962 and his Shrine is located in Sunni Rizvi Jamia Masjid JhangBazar, Faisalabad.

Writing in 1962 Stephen Neill listed twelve of what he regarded as “positive achievements of New Testament studies” over the past century.1 As an affirmation of progress in a notoriously difficult field of investigation, they make satisfying and even cheerful reading for the historian. Who was Jesus of Nazareth? What was his message? Why was he put to death? Why did his few followers become, in effect, the nucleus of the powerful and widespread community called Christianity? These were the enormously difficult questions that had begun to be posed in a critical-historical way in the mid-19th century, and some of the answers Bishop Neill discerned, though by no means final, represented ground gained and truths won. Neill's widely read book was revised in 1988, and though his optimism was here and there tempered by what had been said and thought in the twenty-five years since the first edition,2 there was still good reason to think that historians were by and large on the right track in pursuing what Albert Schweitzer described in 1906 as “the quest of the historical Jesus.”3

Обсуждение ремонта мавзолея Ходжи Ахмеда Ясави в г. Туркестане в 1906–1908 гг. – наименее известная страница в истории изучения памятника. Главенствующая роль в этой дискуссии принадлежит докладу гражданского инженера В.С. Гейнцельмана на имя Туркестанского генерал-губернатора по результатам обследования мавзолея в апреле 1906 г. Намеченные им меры по ремонту и сохранности туркестанского памятника в то время осуществить не удалось, но доклад Гейнцельмана стал программным документом, предвосхитившим почти всё, сделанное на мавзолее Ясави археологами, инженерами, архитекторами-реставраторами в ХХ в. Впервые в данной статье анализируются основные положения программы масштабного ремонта, изложенные В.С. Гейнцельманом в его докладе, а также в ряде других документов. Библиографические ссылки 1. Барановский В.Г. Юбилейный сборник о деятельности бывших воспитанников Института гражданских инженеров (Строительного училища). 1842–1892. СПб.: Ин-т гражданских инженеров, 1893. 406, XII с. 2. Вавилова Т. В.С. Гейнцельман [Электронный ресурс] URL: https://mytashkent.uz/2014/04/03/v-s-gejntselman/ 3. Голендер Б.А. Мои господа ташкентцы. История города в биографиях его знаменитых граждан. Ташкент, 2007. 264 с. 4. Ёлгин Ю.А. Археологические и историко-архитектурные исследования мавзолея Ходжи Ахмеда Ясави: вторая половина XIX в. – середина 1950-х годов: (Очерки и материалы). Алматы, 2013. 225 с. 5. Исследование, укрепление и реставрация памятника «Ахмад Ясеви» в г.Туркестане // ЦГА РУз., ф. Р2406, оп. 1, д. 344. 6. Маньковская Л.Ю. К изучению приёмов среднеазиатского зодчества конца XIV в.: (Мавзолей Ходжа Ахмеда Ясеви) // ИЗУ. 1962. Вып. I. С. 93–142. 7. Маньковская Л.Ю. Исследование архитектурного комплекса-мавзолея Ахмада Яссави в городе Туркестане и вопросы его реставрации: автореф. дис. … канд. искусствоведения. Ташкент: изд-во АН УзССР, 1963. 18 с. 8. Маньковская Л.Ю. К истории изучения мавзолея Ходжи Ахмеда Яссави в г. Туркестане // ЦГА РУз., ф. Р2810, оп. 1, д. 15. 9. Маньковская Л.Ю. Ремонты и реставрация мавзолея Ахмада Яссави в городе Туркестане Казахской ССР // ЦГА РУз. Ф. Р2810, оп. 1, д. 16. 10. О неисправности мечети Хазрета Ахмета Яссави в г. Туркестане и о продаже 2-х подсвечников // ЦГА РУз. Ф. И-1, оп. 12, д. 828. 11. О разрушении памятника, выстроенного Тамерланом в 1390 г. // ЦГА РУз., ф. И-17, оп. 1, д. 19184.

The architect John Sidney Swan (1874-1936) represents a little represented group in the history of New Zealand architecture. At the establishment of the New Zealand Institute of Architects in 1905, Swan was one of few architects present, along with William Gray Young (1895-1962), who had been trained in New Zealand through the article system. While training "on the job" was a common occurrence in the early development of the building industry in this country, few of these architects achieved great renown. Swan however, was a prominent architect in his day, designing Erskine Chapel in Island Bay (1906), Saint Gerard's Church in Mount Victoria (1908) and an unbuilt proposal for a Roman Catholic Basilica in Dufferin Street (1912). This renown may have been due to Swan's mentor, Fredrick de Jersey Clere, the vocal English émigré architect. However, this mentorship does not wholly explain Swan's prolific, and sometimes eccentric practice. This paper is part of an ongoing project to document Swan's work, and develop an understanding of his particular style, which, on the one hand, reflects an awareness of the contemporary English fashions, and yet, on the other, rejoices in an almost theatrical excessiveness, quite contrary both to the evolving architectural austerity of modernism, and Clere's more restrained style.

The classification of a group of Synopiidae is reviewed based primarily on new material from Australasia and the northern Pacific. A synopiid subfamily, Tironinae Stebbing, 1906 stat. nov. is diagnosed for the following six genera (3 new) consisting of 38 species (18 new): Tiron Lilljeborg, 1865, with 6 species, T. spiniferus Stimpson (type species), T. antarcticus K.H. Barnard, 1932, T. biocellatus J.L. Barnard, 1962, T. canadense sp. nov., T. lilljeborgi sp. nov., and T. sagamiense sp. nov.; Tironella gen. nov. with 3 species, T. altifrons (Reid, 1951, ex Tiron) comb. nov., T. bathyalis sp. nov. (type species), and T. pervicax (J.L. Barnard, 1967, ex Pseudotiron) comb. nov.; Glandulotiron gen. nov. with 15 species, G. pilocaputis sp. nov. (type species), G. salsevisio sp. nov., G. hexamatius sp. nov., G. spinipes sp. nov., G. concavus sp. nov., G. septimus sp. nov., G. meruspinosus sp. nov., G. bassianus sp. nov., G. curvispinus sp. nov., G. aotearoensis sp. nov., G. postremus sp. nov., G. griffithsi sp. nov., G. intermedius (Reid, 1951; ex Tiron) comb. nov., G. quadrioculatus (Dang & Le, 2012; ex Tiron) comb. nov., and G. australis (Stebbing, 1908; ex Tiron) comb. nov.; Pseudotiron Chevreux, 1895 with 4 species, P. bouvieri Chevreux, 1895, P. coas J.L. Barnard, 1967, P. golens J.L. Barnard, 1962, P. miratus sp. nov.; Metatiron Rabindranath, 1972, with 4 species, M. brevidactylus (Pillai, 1954, type species), M. bonaerensis Alonso de Pina, 1998, M. triocellatus (Goeke, 1982) and M. tropakis (J.L. Barnard, 1972); and Minitiron gen. nov. with 6 species, M. orpheus sp. nov. (type species), M. bellairsi (Just, 1981; ex. Metatiron) comb. nov., M. caecus (Ledoyer, 1979; ex. Metatiron) comb. nov., M. galeatus (Hirayama, 1988; ex Tiron) comb. nov., M. ovatibasis (Hirayama, 1988; ex Tiron) comb. nov., M. thompsoni (Walker, 1904; ex Tiron) comb. nov. Three species currently in Pseudotiron (P. longicaudatus Pirlot, 1934; P. sublongicaudatus Dang & Le, 2012; P. livingstonae Lörz & Coleman, 2013) are removed to Synopiidae incertae sedis. Metatiron brevidactylus (Pillay, 1957) by Ledoyer (1979) is removed to Minitiron incerta sedis. Species in the new genus Glandulotiron and a new species of Pseudotiron possess rows of elongate glands in uropods and the telson previously unknown in amphipods. A new key is presented for synopiid genera together with a key to world tironin genera and separate keys for the individual tironin genera. Global distribution and more detailed Australian distribution of the tironins are shown.

Abstract Starting from Pierre Bourdieu’s claim that “the impetus for change” — what I identify with modernity — “resides in the struggles that take place in the corresponding fields of production” (Bourdieu 1995: 81), and from a reading of literary texts I discussed elsewhere (Guardi 2016), in this paper I will present the life and work of Ḥammūd Ramaḍān (1906–1945). My aim is to highlight the “impetus for change” that occurred in the Algerian literary field long before 1962. Ḥammūd Ramaḍān, an Algerian poet and intellectual, thoroughly discussed the role of poetry in society and proposed new ways of writing in a changing era. He can be considered the first Arab poet who challenged the classic mode of Arabic language poetry in Algeria, and this happened before the emergence of the free verse movement in Iraq. His work will be analysed not only within the general framework of Arab modernity with the aim to provide a new definition of the Arab modernity’s canon, but also within the framework of Algerian literary production in Arabic. My main focus will be on some of his theoretical writings, in which he urges his fellow poets and intellectuals to make fundamental changes in their use of language in poetry so as to get closer to society. Although well versed in classical Arabic and in the Arab-Muslim classical heritage, Ramaḍān sees all this not as a chain that keeps the poet tethered to the past, but as a springboard to jump into the future.

The novel by George Sylvester Viereck (1884–1962) The House of the Vampire (1907) has become one of the most striking phenomena of American decadent literature and continues to attract the attention of literary scholars. Despite the contradictory and sometimes abusive reviews of contemporaries, the book aroused interest and proved to be commercially successful. The ambitious author decided to exploit the success and remake the novel into a play. Viereck had already tried his hand at writing plays, but his collection A Game at Love and Other Plays (1906) “were not, at least, written with an eye to the stage” (author’s preface). Success on the Broadway stage required the help of a professional playwright Edgar Allan Woolf (1881–1943), Viereck’s friend. The play entitled Vampire was staged in January, 1909 under both names, although the dramatization belonged entirely to Woolf. Adapting the novel to the stage and focusing on commercial success with the public, Woolf changed some details of the plot and the names of the characters and also added a happy-end. “My collaborator in the dramatization introduced a number of distinctly human features not contained in the novel,” Viereck wrote. The script was never published and no performance copy seems to have survived, so it has to be judged only from newspaper summaries and reviews. The article for the first time publishes an opinion about this play and Viereck's novel, given by the fiction writer and editor Ethel May Kelley (1878–1955) in a private letter of March, 1909 (the original is in the author's collection).

Family-group names proposed for beetles belonging to the family Cerambycidae are catalogued and their availability is determined using the rules of the current International Code of Zoological Nomenclature. A synoptic classification of the family summarizes the validity of the names. Type genera of all family-group names are listed and the type species and stems of genera of available family-group names are included. A new family-group name, Elytracanthinini Bousquet (type genus: Elytracanthina Monn, 2005, a replacement name for Elytracantha Lane, 1955) is proposed for Elytracanthinae Lane, 1955. Ichthyosoma armatum Montrouzier, 1855 is designated as type species of Icthyosoma Boisduval, 1835. Reversal of precedence is used to preserve the validity of the following family-group names: Anaglyptides Lacordaire, 1868 (over Anaglyptisidae Gistel, 1848 [Buprestidae]); Dryobiini Arnett, 1962 (over Dryobiadae Gistel, 1856 [Ptinidae]); Hemilophitae Thomson, 1868 (over Amphionychitae Thomson, 1860) and Hétéropsides Lacordaire, 1869 (over Dichophyiaeidae Gistel, 1848). The following family-group names, although junior synonyms, are preserved as valid until an application is submitted to the International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature; in these cases a reversal of precedence could not be applied: Eurypodini Gahan, 1906 (over Zaracinae Pascoe, 1869); Macronides Lacordaire, 1868 (over Enchapteritae Thomson, 1861); Pyresthides Lacordaire, 1868 (over Pseudolepturitae Thomson, 1861 and Erythrinae Pascoe, 1866) and Stenoderinae Pascoe, 1867 (over Syllitae Thomson, 1864). A total of 238 valid cerambycid family-group names (413 available names) are recognized in the following 13 subfamilies: Vesperinae (1 valid family-group name), Oxypeltinae (1), Disteniinae (4), Anoplodermatinae (3), Philinae (1), Parandrinae (2), Prioninae (24), Spondylidinae (5), Necydalinae (1), Lepturinae (8), Lamiinae (80), Dorcasominae (1), and Cerambycinae (107).

La morfología del Volcán Colima, analizada en conjunto con los tipos de rocas que lo constituyen, permite explicar las etapas eruptivas pasadas y define las áreas de riesgo futuro. La erosión dominante es de tipo fluvial y se manifiesta por una densa red de barrancos, cuyas cabeceras se presentan con una frecuencia de 5 a 15 por kilómetro cuadrado. Los barrancos se clasificaron en profundos (más de 60 m) y someros (menos de 60 m). Del análisis del relieve se infiere que el río Armería escurría por una ancha planicie aluvial antes de ser sepultado por avalanchas. El cono superior tiene una pendiente de 35 grados y muestra poca disección fluvial, debido a la juventud de los materiales que lo constituyen (erupciones de 1991, 1982, 1976, 1962, 1913, 1906, 1903, 1880…). El nevado de Colima, en cambio, presenta una mayor disección y por lo menos dos calderas. La cresta de la caldera del Volcán de Colima consiste en un escarpe de lava que se eleva a los 3000 msnm, con forma semicircular en planta. Al sureste parecen distinguirse otros restos. Uno de los rasgos distintivos del relieve al sur del volcán son los mogotes (hummocks), que se distribuyen en dos áreas diferentes por su altura y desarrollo, al sureste y suroeste. Los domos de lava de la ladera sur (Los Hijos) son estructuras de 120 a 300 m de altura, con pendientes de 20-35 grados y disección débil. Este fenómeno es importante en el flanco sur del Volcán de Colima. Se considera que en el futuro los flujos piroclásicos pueden encauzarse principalmente al sur, a partir de los 3700 msnm y alcanzar por lo menos la zona donde la pendiente se suaviza a 1600 msnm. En el caso de la ruptura del cono, la distribución de una nueva avalancha sería mucho mayor.

AbstractA well-preserved fauna of largely articulated trilobites is described from three new localities close to one another in the Bull River Valley, southeastern British Columbia. All the trilobites from these localities are from the lower or middle part of the Wujiajiania lyndasmithae Subzone of the Elvinia Zone, lower Jiangshanian, in the McKay Group. Two new species are proposed with types from these localities: Aciculolenus askewi and Cliffia nicoleae. The trilobite (and agnostid) fauna from these localities includes at least 20 species: Aciculolenus askewi n. sp., Agnostotes orientalis (Kobayashi, 1935), Cernuolimbus ludvigseni Chatterton and Gibb, 2016, Cliffia nicoleae n. sp., Elvinia roemeri (Shumard, 1861), Grandagnostus? species 1 of Chatterton and Gibb, 2016, Eugonocare? phillipi Chatterton and Gibb, 2016, Eugonocare? sp. A, Housia vacuna (Walcott, 1912), Irvingella convexa (Kobayashi, 1935), Irvingella flohri Resser, 1942, Irvingella species B Chatterton and Gibb, 2016, Olenaspella chrisnewi Chatterton and Gibb, 2016, Proceratopyge canadensis (Chatterton and Ludvigsen, 1998), Proceratopyge rectispinata (Troedsson, 1937), Pseudagnostus cf. P. josepha (Hall, 1863), Pseudagnostus securiger (Lake, 1906), Pseudeugonocare bispinatum (Kobayashi, 1962), Pterocephalia sp., and Wujiajiania lyndasmithae Chatterton and Gibb, 2016. Pseudagnostus securiger, a widespread early Jiangshanian species, has not been previously recorded from southeastern British Columbia. Non-trilobite fossils collected from these localities include brachiopods, rare trace fossils, a complete silica sponge (Hyalospongea), and a dendroid graptolite. The faunas from these localities are more diverse and better preserved than those from other previously documented localities of the same age in the region.Additional specimens of a rare species, found by amateur collectors in previously documented localities of slightly younger age (upper part of Wujiajiania lyndasmithae Subzone) in the same region, are documented. These new specimens, when combined with an earlier discovered specimen, provide adequate type material to propose a new species of Labiostria, L. gibbae, which may be useful for biostratigraphy.UUID:http://zoobank.org/89551eac-b3af-4b2b-8ef3-7c2e106a560d

This paper presents a global review of the current unwieldy concept of the genus Paramunna Sars, 1866. The study is based mainly on large new collections of material from Australia and subantarctic islands south of Tasmania and New Zealand. Of the four genera previously synonymised with Paramunna, Austrimunna Richardson, 1906 is revived (type species A. antarctica), Leptaspidia Bate & Westwood, 1867 and Metamunna Tattersall, 1905 are considered indeterminable, while Austronanus Hodgson, 1910 is not considered part of the Paramunna complex. Forty-three species, 27 new, are treated, mostly from Australia and adjacent subantarctic islands. Fifteen species currently in Paramunna do not belong in this complex. The type genus Paramunna Sars, 1866 comprises four known species, P. bilobata Sars, 1866, P. capensis Vanh�ffen, 1914, P. integra Nordenstam, 1933 and P. koreana Malyutina & Ushakova, 2001, and four new species. Nine new genera are created based on a cladistic analysis (type species, original combination): Ascionana (A. darwinia, sp. nov.), Epipedonana (E. profunda, sp. nov.), Harrietonana (Austrimunna subtriangulata Richardson, 1908), Kiklonana (Paramunna arnaudi Amar & Roman, 1974), Omonana (O. brachycephala, sp. nov.), Pagonana (Paramunna rostrata Hodgson, 1910), Palanana (Austrimunna serrata Richardson, 1908), Spiculonana (S. platysoma, sp. nov) and Sporonana (S. robusta, sp. nov.). Six species of Paramunna are transferred to other genera in the complex: P. simplex Menzies, 1962 and P.�parasimplex Winkler, 1994 to Omonana, gen. nov.; P. dilatata Vanh�ffen, 1914 to Pagonana, gen. nov.; P. gaini (Richardson, 1913) to Palanana gen. nov.; P. laevifrons Stebbing, 1910 and P. rhipis Shimomura & Mawatari, 1999 to Ascionana, gen. nov. Paramunna shornikovi Malyutina & Ushakova, 2001, is synonymised with P. rhipis. Keys to genera and species (if more than two in a genus) are given. Terminal males (males with elongated cephalon and massively enlarged pereonite 1) are documented in several genera. The distribution of the complex confirms that this part of the Paramunnidae is a Southern Hemisphere, shallow water group. Species previously thought to be circumpolar prove to be species complexes, with each species having a small distribution.

Radivoj Franciscus Mikuš (1906.–1983.) slovenski je jezikoslovac za koga se često kaže da je poznatiji izvan Slovenije nego u Sloveniji. Ta se tvrdnja zasniva na mnogim važnim podatcima u njegovoj bibliografii budući da je većinu svojih radova objavio u časopisima kao što su Word, Journal de Psychologie, Cahiers Ferdinand de Saussure, Lingua, Voprosy jazykoznanija dok je u Sloveniji objavio svega nekoliko radova, od kojih jedan rad u vlastitoj nakladi. Velik dio svojega radnog vijeka proveo je kao srednjoškolski profesor u Srbiji i Hrvatskoj (prije II. svjetskog rata) i u anonimnosti srednjoškolskog profesora, lektora i predavača francuskoga jezika u Ljubljani, sve do svoje knjige À propos de la syntagmatique du prof. A. Belić (1952) u kojoj se usudio kritizirati tada nedodirljivi jezikoslovni autoritet u Jugoslaviji – beogradskog profesora i predsjednika SANU – Aleksandra Belića. Time se je izložio žestokim kritikama srpske i slovenske akademije i na neki način sebi zatvorio svaki izgled za napredovanje u karijeri. Izlaz je pronašao u prijavi doktorata u Zagrebu kod prof. Guberine i zapošljavanjem na Filozofskom fakultetu u Zadru. Ovaj rad predstavlja bio-bibliografski vodič Mikuševa djelovanja kao sveučilišnog nastavnika i jezikoslovca u Zadru od 1959. do 1965. godine kada je službeno napustio Zadar i zaposlio se na Université Nationale du Zaïre* u Elisabethvilleu (Lumumbashi) gdje je ostao do odlaska u mirovinu 1973. godine. Govori se o njegovu radu na organizaciji studija na Katedri za francuski jezik Filozofskog fakulteta u Zadru i dekanskom mandatu na istom fakultetu. Daje se analitički pregled njegovih priloga u Radovima Filozofskog fakulteta u Zadru i u stranim časopisima objavljenima za njegova boravka u Zadru. Prema podatcimasačuvanim u obiteljskoj arhivi rekonstruirana su i predavanja koja je Mikuš održao u Njemačkoj i Belgiji u siječnju i veljači 1962. godine. Posebno se daje prikaz njegove knjige-skripte objavljene u Zadru 1963. i umnožene na ciklostilu, do sada potpuno nepoznate u Mikuševoj bibliografiji. Vrijeme provedeno u Zadru znanstveno je najplodniji period u životu Radivoja Franciskusa Mikuša, jednog od najpoznatijih predstavnika sintagmatike, jezikoslovne teorije nastale u krugu "Ženevske škole" i u brazdi njezina najpoznatijeg predstavnika Charlesa Ballya.

ObjectiveTo assess the quality of reporting of adverse events in clinical trials of covid-19 drugs based on the CONSORT (Consolidated Standards of Reporting Trials) harms extension and according to clinical trial design, and to examine reporting of serious adverse events in drug trials published on PubMed versus clinical trial summaries on ClinicalTrials.gov.DesignSystematic review.Data sourcesPubMed and ClinicalTrials.gov registries were searched from 1 December 2019 to 17 February 2022.Eligibility criteria for selecting studiesRandomised clinical trials evaluating the efficacy and safety of drugs used to treat covid-19 disease in participants of all ages with suspected, probable, or confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection were included. Clinical trials were screened on title, abstract, and text by two authors independently. Only articles published in French and English were selected. The Cochrane risk of bias tool for randomised trials (RoB 2) was used to assess risk of bias.ResultsThe search strategy identified 1962 randomised clinical trials assessing the efficacy and safety of drugs used to treat covid-19, published in the PubMed database; 1906 articles were excluded after screening and 56 clinical trials were included in the review. Among the 56 clinical trials, no study had a high score for quality of reporting of adverse events, 60.7% had a moderate score, 33.9% had a low score, and 5.4% had a very low score. All clinical trials with a very low score for quality of reporting of adverse events were randomised open label trials. For reporting of serious adverse events, journal articles published on PubMed under-reported 51% of serious adverse events compared with clinical trial summaries published on ClinicalTrials.gov.ConclusionsIn one in three published clinical trials on covid-19 drugs, the quality of reporting of adverse events was low or very low. Differences were found in the number of serious adverse events reported in journal articles versus clinical trial summaries. During the covid-19 pandemic, risk assessment of drugs in clinical trials of covid-19 drugs did not comply with good practice recommendations for publication of results.Systematic review registrationEuropean Network of Centres for Pharmacoepidemiology and Pharmacovigilance (ENCePP) EUPAS45959.

The Capsalinae Baird, 1853 (Monogenea: Capsalidae) is revised based on a thorough review of original descriptions and examination of type museum material, where available, to validate species. A total of 262 type and voucher specimens was studied representing apparently 42 of the 60 currently described capsaline species. A combination of characters that should be independent of variation due to specimen preparation techniques was chosen to discriminate species. These characters include the presence/absence of papillae on the ventral surface of the haptor, the presence/absence and the morphology of haptoral accessory sclerites and the presence/absence of dorsomarginal body sclerites and their morphology and distribution. We consider that only 36 of the 60 nominal capsaline species are valid. We could find no support for Caballerocotyla Price, 1960 and therefore we synonymise it with Capsala Bosc, 1811. Under the current concept we recognise 22 species of Capsala, 7 species of Capsaloides Price, 1938, 3 species of Nasicola Yamaguti, 1968 and 4 species of Tristoma Cuvier, 1817. The following Capsala species are considered valid: C. albsmithi (Dollfus, 1962) n. comb.; C. biparasitica (Goto, 1894) Price, 1938; C. caballeroi Winter, 1955; C. foliacea (Goto, 1894) Price, 1938; C. gouri Chauhan, 1951; C. gregalis (Wagner & Carter, 1967) n. comb.; C. interrupta (Monticelli, 1891) Johnston, 1929; C. katsuwoni (Ishii, 1936) Price, 1938; C. laevis (Verrill, 1875) Johnston, 1929; C. maccallumi Price, 1939; C. magronum (Ishii, 1936) Price, 1938; C. manteri Price, 1951; C. manteriaffinis (Mamaev, 1968) n. comb.; C. martinierei Bosc, 1811; C. notosinense (Mamaev, 1968) n. comb.; C. nozawae (Goto, 1894) Price, 1938; C. onchidiocotyle (Setti, 1899) Johnston, 1929; C. ovalis (Goto, 1894) Price, 1938; C. paucispinosa (Mamaev, 1968) n. comb.; C. pelamydis (Taschenberg, 1878) Price, 1938; C. poeyi (Pérez-Vigueras, 1935) Price, 1938; C. pricei Hildago-Escalente, 1950. We consider the following Capsaloides species valid: C. cornutus (Verrill, 1875) Price, 1938; C. cristatus Yamaguti, 1968; C. hoffmannae Lamothe-Argumedo, 1996; C. magnaspinosus Price, 1939; C. nairagi Yamaguti, 1968; C. perugiai (Setti, 1898) Price, 1938; C. sinuatus (Goto, 1894) Price, 1938. The following Nasicola species are deemed valid: N. brasiliensis Kohn, Baptista-Farias, Santos & Gibson, 2004; N. hogansi Wheeler & Beverley-Burton, 1987; N. klawei Stunkard, 1962. Presently, we consider the following Tristoma species valid: T. adcoccineum Yamaguti, 1968; T. adintegrum Yamaguti, 1968; T. coccineum Cuvier, 1817; T. integrum Diesing, 1850. A list of new and re-established synonyms is provided. The status of each species is discussed in detail and a key to all capsaline species that we consider valid is presented. The following 5 capsaline species are considered to be species inquirendae: Caballerocotyla phillippina Velasquez, 1982; Capsala megacotyle (Linstow, 1906) Johnston, 1929; Tristoma fuhrmanni Guiart, 1938; T. levinsenii Monticelli, 1891; T. uncinatum Monticelli, 1889. The importance of careful character selection to discriminate between capsaline species and the need for studies of live parasites to obtain additional characters based on reproductive structures is addressed. Hostspecificity in the Capsalinae is also discussed.

Latvian Academic LibraryRupniecibas str. 10, LV-1235, Riga, LatvijaE-mail: gjaunmuktane@lib.acadlib.lvLatvijos akademijos bibliotekos Rankraščių ir retų knygų skyrius turi didelę vadinamojo Mažosios Latvijos laikotarpio rankraščių kolekciją. Ją sudaro per 250 saugojimo vienetų, arba 3000 atskirų dokumentų.Mažosios Latvijos, arba Latvijos Antrojo pasaulinio karo pabėgėlių stovyklų, laikotarpiu (1945–1950) latviai buvo sukūrę etninę bendriją palyginti nedidelėje 250 000 km2 teritorijoje. Ši bendruomenė turėjo gerai organizuotą centrą, kuris skatino švietimo ir kultūros veiklą, plėtojo spaudą ir knygų leidybą.Didžiausia šio laikotarpio kolekcija priklauso Juriui Soikanui (1920–1995) – dailininkui, grafikui, pedagogui ir meno istorikui. Ji apima menininkų, rašytojų, žurnalistų, kitų asmenų laiškus, rašytus J. Soikanui iš įvairių pabėgėlių stovyklų Vokietijoje. Joje taip pat yra apie 400 J. Soikano originalių piešinių, paveikslų, knygų viršelių ir iliustracijų, kitų darbų.Įdomios medžiagos, apibūdinančios šį laikotarpį, galima rasti rašytojo ir žurnalisto Arturo Plaudžio (1915–2004), rašytojo ir žurnalisto Oļģerto Liepiņio (1906–1983), meno kritiko ir advokato Hugo Vītolio (1900–1976), rašytojo ir dailininko Jānio Sarmos (1884–1983), spaudos veikėjo Zigurdo Ritmanio (1923–1996), rašytojo Jānio Jaunsudrabiņio (1877–1962) ir kitų kolekcijose. Dažniausiai tai laiškai, taip pat kiti dokumentai iš pabėgėlių stovyklų laikotarpio, rašytojų autobiografijos, dienoraščiai, įvaiSantraukarūs rankraščiai, nuotraukos, kultūros renginių programos ir kita medžiaga. Visi šio laikotarpio rankraščiai gali būti suskirstyti į kelias pagrindines temines grupes.Pirmiausia – tai kova, kad išliktum. Laiškuose smulkiai aprašomos stovyklų gyvenimo sąlygos, kortelės, galimybės dirbti ir užsidirbti pragyvenimui. Aprašymai įvairūs, nes ir laiškų rašytojai, ir stovyklos skiriasi. Taip pat aprašoma konkurencija dėl valdžios įvairiose stovyklose, pabėgėlių nesutarimai. Ir tuo pat metu laiškai yra kupini užuojautos ir paramos, nes draugystė buvo svarbiausia pabėgėlių vertybė. Nepaisant nesutarimų, visuose laiškuose vyrauja šios temos: mokymosi ir kūrybinio darbo ilgesys, mokyklų ir teatro trupių atgaivinimas, meno parodų rengimas, rašytojų dienos, koncertai ir dainų šventės, laikraščių, žurnalų ir knygų leidyba. Šie laiškai atskleidžia apmąstymus ir teorines diskusijas apie literatūros ir meno tendencijas ir problemas, galimybes rašyti ir leisti knygas, kitas kultūros bei švietimo temas. Viena iš pagrindinių išvadų, kad šeima – šventa institucija ir vienintelė pabėgėlių užuovėja. Stipriausias jausmas – troškimas grįžti į Latviją, į namus.Nors ir po daugelio metų, svajonė grįžti namo išsipildė. Grįžo darbai – kultūros paveldas, kurį sudaro tūkstančiai vienetų knygų, parašytų ir išleistų emigracijoje, laikraščių ir žurnalų, laiškų, dokumentų, dienoraščių, rankraščių, fotografijų, meno kūrinių ir kt.

New specimens and a re-examination of their holotypes have clarified the status of six nominal species of the extinct membracoid family Archijassidae from the Late Triassic (Norian) fossil insect localities at Mount Crosby, Denmark Hill and Dinmore in south-eastern Queensland. The 57 available tegmina ostensibly attributable to one or other of the six species are remarkably similar in venation and only vary in size and to a lesser extent in shape. The latter character varies subtlety across a continuum and is of no use in species definition. The tegmina, however, fall into two distinct size groups, and in the absence of any other discernible or consistent diagnostic characters, these groups are adopted as separate species, acknowledging, of course, the artificial nature of fossil insect species based on the size only of isolated wings. The following taxonomic changes result: Mesojassus Tillyard, 1916 (= Triassojassus Tillyard, 1919, syn. nov., = Triassocotis Evans, 1956, syn. nov., = Hylicellites Becker-Migdisova, 1962, syn. nov.), Mesojassus ipsviciensis Tillyard, 1916 (= Triassojassus proavitus Tillyard, 1919, syn. nov., = Triassocotis stricta Evans, 1961, syn. nov.), Mesojassus australis (Evans, 1956) comb. nov. (= Triassocotis amplicata Evans, 1961, syn. nov., = Hylicellites reducta (Evans, 1956), syn. nov.). Mesojassus is one of the four genera of the subfamily Archija` ssinae, and differs from the Jurassic Archijassus Handlirsch, 1906, Mesoledra Evans, 1956, and Ardela Ansorge, 1996, in the separation of R and M well before the arculus (at the same level or slightly beyond in the others), the proximal position of dSc, well before the apex of the clavus (at or beyond the apex in the others), and the two-branched RA (simple in the others). The separation of R and M distinctly basal to the arculus, a character of frequent occurrence in extant membracoids, is proposed as a possible apomorphy for this otherwise most plesiomorphic genus of the Membracoidea. Mesojassus, the oldest member of the extant Membracoidea, is one of a growing inventory of genera from the Late Triassic of Queensland which are the oldest representatives of extant groups, adding further evidence of the Triassic as the dawn of much of the modern insect fauna.

<p>Tekst jest opracowaniem interdyscyplinarnym. Traktuje o związkach malarstwa, poezji i muzyki. Trzy obrazy polskich malarzy (Jacek Malczewski, <em style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Wigilia na Syberii</em>, Bronisław Wojciech Linke, <em style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Kanibalizm</em>, Jerzy Krawczyk, <em style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Birkenau</em>) stały się inspiracją dla poezji Jacka Kaczmarskiego, jego zaś wiersze (odpowiednio: <em style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Wigilia na Syberii</em>, <em style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Kanapka z człowiekiem</em>, <em style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Birkenau</em>) zostały umuzycznione przez Zbigniewa Łapińskiego i Przemysława Gintrowskiego. Artykuł – mający charakter analityczny – odsłania drogę przekazu artystycznego od obrazu, poprzez słowo poetyckie, do ujęcia muzycznego.</p><p>SUMMARY</p><p>The article is an interdisciplinary study, which discusses interrelations between painting, poetry and music. Three pictures by Polish painters – <em style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Wigilia na Syberii </em>[Christmas Eve in Siberia] by Jacek Malczewski (1854-1929), <em style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Kanibalizm </em> [Cannibalism] by Bronisław Wojciech Linke (1906-1962), and <em style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Birkenau </em> by Jerzy Krawczyk (1921-1969) – became the inspiration for Jacek Kaczmarski’s (1957-2004) poetry; his poems in turn, as poetic reactions to the foregoing paintings, <em style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Wigilia na Syberii </em>(1980), <em style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Kanapka z człowiekiem </em>[Sandwich with a Man] (1980) and <em style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Birkenau </em>(1981) respectively – were musicalized by Zbigniew Łapiński (b. 1947) and Przemysław Gintrowski (1951-2012), and performed by the trio of Kaczmarski, Łapiński, and Gintrowski (<em style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Wigilia na Syberii </em> in 1981) and by Przemysław Gintrowski alone (<em style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Kanapka z człowiekiem </em> in 2009, <em style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Birkenau </em>in 1991). The three-part, analytical article reveals the process of artistic communication: from a picture, to the poetic word, to a songster’s interpretation.</p><p> </p>

Abrantes, E.A., Bellini, B.C., Bernardo, A.N., Fernandes, L.H., Mendonça, M.C., Oliveira, E.P., Queiroz, G.C., Sautter, K.D., Silveira, T.C. & Zeppelini, D. (2010) Synthesis of Brazilian Collembola: an update to the species list. Zootaxa, 2388, 1–22.Ågren, H. (1903) Diagnosen einiger neuen Achorutiden aus Schweden (Vorläufige Mittheilungen). Entomologisk Tidskrift, 24, 126–128.Arlé, R. (1959) Collembola Arthropleona do Brasil oriental e central. Arquivos do Museu Nacional, 49, 155–211.Bellinger, P.F., Christiansen, K.A. & Janssens, F. (2010) Checklist of the Collembola of the World. Available from: http://www.collembola.org (Accessed 25 November 2010).Bonet, F. (1930) Remarques sur les hypogastruriens cavernicoles avec descriptions d’espèces nouvelles (Collembola). Eos Madrid, 6, 113–139.Börner, C. (1906) Das System der Collembolen nebst Beschreibung neuer Collembolen des Hamburger Naturhistorischen Museums. Mitteilungen aus den Naturhistorischen Museum in Hamburg, 23, 147–188.Cassagnau, P. & Rapoport, E.H. (1962) Collemboles d’Amérique du Sud, I Poduromorphes. Biologie de la Amérique Australe, 1, 139–184.Denis, J.R. (1931) Collemboles de Costa Rica avec une contribution au spèces d’lordre. Bolletino del Laboratorio di Zoologia Generale e Agraria della Facoltà Agraria in Portici, 25, 69–170.Fernandes, L.H. & Mendonça, M.C. (2004) Collembola Poduromorpha do litoral de Maricá, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil. Revista Brasileira de Zoologia, 21, 15–25.Massoud, Z. (1967) Monographie des Neanuridae, Collemboles Poduromorphes à pièces buccales modifiées. Biologie de l'Amérique Australe, Éditions du Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Volume III, Paris, pp.7–399.Mendonça, M.C. & Fernandes, L.H. (1997) A new genus of Brachystomellinae from Brazil (Collembola: Neanuridae). Boletim do Museu Nacional, nova seérie, zoologia, Rio de Janeiro, 379, 1–7.Najt, J. & Massoud, Z. (1974) Contribution à l’étude des Brachystomellinae (Insectes, Collemboles). I.—Nouvelles espèces récoltées en Argentine. Revue d’Ecologie et de Biologie du Sol, 11 (3), 367–372.Najt, J. & Palacios-Vargas, J.G. (1986) Nuevos Brachystomellinae de Mexico (Collembola, Neanuridae). Nouvelle Revue d’Entomologie, 3 (4), 457–471.Najt, J. & Weiner, W.M. (1996) Geographical distribution of Brachystomellinae (Collembola: Neanuridae). Pan-Pacific Entomologist, 72 (2), 61–69.Najt, J., Weiner, W.M. & Grandcolas, P. (2005) Phylogeny of the Brachystomellidae (Collembola) — were the mandibles ancestrally absent and did they re-appear in this family? Zoologica Scripta, 34, 305–312.Rapoport, E.H. & Rubio, I. (1963) Fauna collembologica de Chili. Investigaciones Zoologicas Chilenas, 9, 95–124.Schäffer, C. (1896) Die Collembolen der Umgebung von Hamburg und benachbarter Gebiete. Mitteilungen aus dem Naturhistorischen Museum in Hamburg, 13, 149–216.Weiner, W.M. & Najt, J. (2001) Species of Brachystomella (Collembola: Brachystomellidae) from the Neotropical region. European Journal of Entomology, 98 (3), 387–413.Wray, D.L. (1953) New Collembola from Puerto Rico. Journal of Agriculture of the University of Puerto Rico, 37 (2), 140–150.

The classification of Microhoriini Bonadona, 1974 is revised. Five genera are recognized: Aulacoderus LaFerté-Sénectère, 1849, Falsophilus Kejval, 2015, Liparoderus LaFerté-Sénectère, 1849, Microhoria Chevrolat, 1877, and Neocrohoria Telnov, 2019. (i) New species: Microhoria almukalla Kejval, sp. nov. (Yemen), M. anahita Kejval, sp. nov. (Iran), M. antalya Kejval, sp. nov. (Turkey), M. bacillisternum Kejval, sp. nov. (Iran), M. cervi Kejval, sp. nov. (Oman), M. fergana Kejval, sp. nov. (Kyrgyzstan), M. garavuti Kejval, sp. nov. (Tajikistan), M. gibbipennis Kejval, sp. nov. (Turkey), M. halophila Kejval, sp. nov. (Turkey), M. hazara Kejval, sp. nov. (Afghanistan), M. heracleana Kejval, sp. nov. (Greece), M. impavida Kejval, sp. nov. (Turkey), M. kabulensis Kejval, sp. nov. (Afghanistan), M. kermanica Kejval, sp. nov. (Iran), M. pahlavi Kejval, sp. nov. (Iran), M. persica Kejval, sp. nov. (Iran), M. strejceki Kejval, sp. nov. (Tajikistan), M. sawda Kejval, sp. nov. (Saudi Arabia), and M. sulaimanica Kejval, sp. nov. (Pakistan, Uzbekistan). (ii) New synonymies: Microhoria Chevrolat, 1877 = Clavicomus Pic, 1894 syn. nov. = Tenuicomus Pic, 1894 syn. nov.; Microhoria depressa (LaFerté-Sénectère, 1849) = Anthicus mollis Desbrochers des Loges, 1875 syn. nov.; Microhoria edmondi (Pic, 1893) = Anthicus spinosus Pic, 1912 syn. nov.; Microhoria globipennis (Pic, 1897) = Anthicus globipennis quercicola Sahlberg, 1913 syn. nov.; Microhoria luristanica (Pic, 1911) = Anthicus pietschmi Pic, 1938 syn. nov.; Microhoria ottomana (LaFerté-Sénectère, 1849) = Anthicus merkli Pic, 1897 syn. nov.; Microhoria pinicola (Reitter, 1889) = Microhoria feroni Bonadona, 1960 syn. nov.; Microhoria posthuma (Krekich-Strassoldo, 1931) = Anthicus fumeoalatus Krekich-Strassoldo, 1931 syn. nov.; Microhoria truncatipennis (Pic, 1897) = Anthicus mouzafferi Pic, 1910 syn. nov. (iii) Status changes. Anthicus tauricus var. inobscura Pic, 1908 is raised to species level as Microhoria inobscura (Pic, 1908) stat. nov.; Anthicus truncatus var. decoloratus Pic, 1897 is removed from synonymy with Anthicus truncatus Pic, 1895 and raised to species level as Microhoria decolorata (Pic, 1897) stat. restit. (iv) New combinations: Microhoria disconotata (Pic, 1907) comb. nov., M. fossicollis (LaFerté-Sénectère, 1849) comb. nov., M. gestroi (Pic, 1895) comb. nov., M. irregularis (Pic, 1932) comb. nov., M. lividipes (Desbrochers des Loges, 1875) comb. nov., M. marginicollis (Pic, 1951) comb. nov., M. nystii (LaFerté-Sénectère, 1849) comb. nov., M. schimperi (Pic, 1898) comb. nov., M. semiviridis (Pic, 1951) comb. nov., M. strandi (Krekich-Strassoldo, 1931) comb. nov., and M. yemenita (Nardi, 2004) comb. nov., all from Anthicus Paykull, 1798. Microhoria abscondita (Telnov, 2000) comb. nov., M. adusta (Krekich-Strassoldo, 1931) comb. nov., M. afghana (Telnov, 2010) comb. nov., M. almorae (Krekich-Strassoldo, 1931) comb. nov., M. ambusta (Krekich-Strassoldo, 1931) comb. nov., M. angulifer (Pic, 1893) comb. nov., M. anomala (Telnov, 1998) comb. nov., M. antinorii (Pic, 1894) comb. nov., M. apicordiger (Bonadona, 1954) comb. nov., M. aquatilis (Krekich-Strassoldo, 1931) comb. nov., M. assamensis (Pic, 1907) comb. nov., M. assequens (Krekich-Strassoldo, 1931) comb. nov., M. atrata (Krekich-Strassoldo, 1931) comb. nov., M. austriaca (Pic, 1901) comb. nov., M. bicarinifrons (Pic, 1892) comb. nov., M. biguttata (Bonadona, 1964) comb. nov., M. brevipilis (Pic, 1893) comb. nov., M. bruckii (Kiesenwetter, 1870) comb. nov., M. brunneipes (Krekich-Strassoldo, 1931) comb. nov., M. caeruleicolor (Pic, 1906) comb. nov., M. callima (Baudi di Selve, 1877) comb. nov., M. comes (Krekich-Strassoldo, 1931) comb. nov., M. cordata (Krekich-Strassoldo, 1931) comb. nov., M. curticeps (Pic, 1923) comb. nov., M. dichrous (LaFerté-Sénectère, 1849) comb. nov., M. doderoi (Pic, 1902) comb. nov., M. erythraea (Pic, 1899) comb. nov., M. erythrodera (Marseul, 1878) comb. nov., M. feai (Pic, 1907) comb. nov., M. fugax (LaFerté-Sénectère, 1849) comb. nov., M. fugiens (Marseul, 1876) comb. nov., M. garze (Telnov, 2018) comb. nov., M. gigas (Pic, 1899) comb. nov., M. gravida (Krekich-Strassoldo, 1931) comb. nov., M. harmandi (Pic, 1899) comb. nov., M. hauseri (Pic, 1906) comb. nov., M. henoni (Pic, 1892) comb. nov., M. heydeni (Marseul, 1879) comb. nov., M. himalayana (Pic, 1909) comb. nov., M. hummeli (Pic, 1933) comb. nov., M. immaculipennis (Krekich-Strassoldo, 1931) comb. nov., M. inabsoluta (Telnov, 2003) comb. nov., M. indeprensa (Telnov, 2000) comb. nov., M. kabyliana (Pic, 1896) comb. nov., M. kejvali (Telnov, 1999) comb. nov., M. kham (Telnov, 2018) comb. nov., M. kocheri (Pic, 1951) comb. nov., M. kuluensis (Pic, 1914) comb. nov., M. lepidula (Marseul, 1876) comb. nov., M. longiceps (LaFerté-Sénectère, 1849) comb. nov., M. longicornis (Uhmann, 1983) comb. nov., M. manifesta (Pic, 1907) comb. nov., M. martinezi (Pic, 1932) comb. nov., M. muguensis (Telnov, 2000) comb. nov., M. nigrocyanella (Marseul, 1877) comb. nov., M. nigrofusca (Telnov, 2000) comb. nov., M. nigroterminata (Pic, 1909) comb. nov., M. notatipennis (Pic, 1909) comb. nov., M. olivierii (Desbrochers des Loges, 1868) comb. nov., M. optabilis LaFerté-Sénectère, 1849) comb. nov., M. paganettii (Pic, 1909) comb. nov., M. phungi (Pic, 1926) comb. nov., M. picea (LaFerté-Sénectère, 1849) comb. nov., M. plagiostola (Bonadona, 1958) comb. nov., M. plicatipennis (Pic, 1936) comb. nov., M. posthuma (Krekich-Strassoldo, 1931) comb. nov., M. postimpressa (Pic, 1938) comb. nov., M. postluteofasciata (Pic, 1938) comb. nov., M. prolatithorax (Pic, 1899) comb. nov., M. proterva (Krekich-Strassoldo, 1931) comb. nov., M. ragusae (Pic, 1898) comb. nov., M. semidepressa (Pic, 1893) comb. nov., M. separatithorax (Pic, 1914) comb. nov., M. shibatai (Nomura, 1962) comb. nov., M. schrammi Pic, 1913) comb. nov., M. sikkimensis (Pic, 1907) comb. nov., M. sinensis (Pic, 1907) comb. nov., M. spinipennis (Pic, 1898) comb. nov., M. sporadica (Krekich-Strassoldo, 1931) comb. nov., M. striaticollis (Krekich-Strassoldo, 1931) comb. nov., M. subpicea (Pic, 1914) comb. nov., M. tersa (Krekich-Strassoldo, 1931) comb. nov., M. tonkinensis (Krekich-Strassoldo, 1928) comb. nov., M. truncatella (LaFerté-Sénectère, 1849) comb. nov., M. turgida (Krekich-Strassoldo, 1928) comb. nov., M. uhagoni (Pic, 1904) comb. nov., M. uniformis (Krekich-Strassoldo, 1931) comb. nov., M. variabilis (Telnov, 2003) comb. nov., M. weigeli (Telnov, 2000) comb. nov., M. versicolor (Kiesenwetter, 1866) comb. nov., M. wuyishanensis (Nardi, 2004) comb. nov., and Nitorus niger (Uhmann, 1996) comb. nov., all from Clavicomus Pic, 1894. Microhoria agriliformis (Pic, 1893) comb. nov., M. alfierii (Pic, 1923) comb. nov., M. angelinii (Degiovanni, 2012) comb. nov., M. babaulti (Pic, 1921) comb. nov., M. barnevillei (Pic, 1892) comb. nov., M. armeniaca (Pic, 1899) comb. nov., M. bonnairii (Fairmaire, 1883) comb. nov., M. cyanipennis (Grilat, 1886) comb. nov., M. depressa (LaFerté-Sénectère, 1849) comb. nov., M. dolichocephala (Baudi di Selve, 1877) comb. nov., M. duplex (Nardi, 2004) comb. nov., M. edmondi (Pic, 1893) comb. nov., M. escalerai (Pic, 1904) comb. nov., M. finalis (Telnov, 2003) comb. nov., M. fuscomaculata (Pic, 1893) comb. nov., M. insignita (Pic, 1906) comb. nov., M. luristanica (Pic, 1911) comb. nov., M. meloiformis (Reitter, 1890) comb. nov., M. mesopotamica (Pic, 1912) comb. nov., M. ocreata (LaFerté-Sénectère, 1847) comb. nov., M. olivacea (LaFerté-Sénectère, 1849) comb. nov., M. ottomana (LaFerté-Sénectère, 1849) comb. nov., M. pallicra (Dufour, 1849) comb. nov., M. paralleliceps (Reitter, 1890) comb. nov., M. paupercula (LaFerté-Sénectère, 1847) comb. nov., M. platiai (Degiovanni, 2000) comb. nov., M. siccensis (Normand, 1950) comb. nov., M. subaerea (Reitter, 1890) comb. nov., M. subcaerulea (Pic, 1906) comb. nov., M. subsericea (Pic, 1898) comb. nov., M. tarifana (Pic, 1904) comb. nov., M. tibialis (Waltl, 1835) comb. nov., M. velox (LaFerté-Sénectère, 1849) comb. nov., M. viridipennis (Pic, 1899) comb. nov., and M. viturati (Pic, 1893) comb. nov., all from Tenuicomus Pic, 1894. Microhoria decolorata (Pic, 1897) comb. nov. and M. truncata (Pic, 1895) comb. nov. from Stricticomus Pic, 1894. Microhoria truncatipennis (Pic, 1897) comb. nov. from Anthelephila Hope, 1833. (v) Lectotype designations. Lectotypes are designated for the following species: Anthicus depressus LaFerté-Sénectère, 1849, A. edmondi Pic, 1893, A. luristanicus Pic, 1911, A. merkli Pic, 1897, A. mouzafferi Pic, 1910, A. pietschmi Pic, 1938, A. pinicola Reitter, 1889, A. posthumus Krekich-Strassoldo, 1931, and A. spinosus Pic, 1912.

<p>(*) 238° contribution to the knowledge of the Staphylinidae.</p><p>The author proposes the following new synonymies: <em>Medon petrochilosi</em> Coiffait, 1970 = <em>Medon impar</em> Assing, 2004, syn. n.; <em>Medon seleucus</em> Bordoni, 1975 = M<em>edon subquadratus</em> Assing, 2004, syn. n.; <em>Medon lydicus</em> Bordoni, 1980 =<em> Medon lanugo</em> Assing, 2004, syn. n.; <em>Medon maronitus</em> (Saulcy, 1864) = <em>Medon reliquus</em> Assing, 2007, syn. n.;<em> Xantholinus puthzi</em> Bordoni, 1979 = <em>Xantholinus penicillatus</em> Assing, 2007, syn. n.; <em>Erymus gracilis</em> (Fauvel, 1895) = <em>Leptacinus mirus</em> Assing, 2011, syn. n.; <em>Tetartopeus</em> <em>rufonitidus</em> (Reitter, 1909) = <em>Tetartopeus ciceronii</em> Zanetti, 1998, syn. n.; <em>Xantholinus </em>Dejean, 1821 = <em>Afrolinus</em> Coiffait, 1962, syn. n. = <em>Calolinus</em> Coiffait, 1956, syn. n. = <em>Heterolius</em> Coiffait, 1983, syn. n. = <em>Idiolinus</em> Casey, 1906, syn. n. = <em>Neoleptophallus</em> Bordoni, 1985, syn. n. = <em>Paracyclinus</em> Bordoni, 1975, syn. n. = <em>Polydontophallus</em> Bordoni, 1972, syn. n. = <em>Purrolinus</em> Coiffait, 1956, syn. n. = <em>Stenophallus</em> Bordoni, 1972, syn. n. = <em>Tetralinus</em> Bordoni, 975, syn. n. = <em>Toxophallus</em> Bordoni, 1972, syn. n.; each previously recognized subgenus is here believed to represent a different species-group. The following taxa are considered valid subgenera of the genus Xantholinus: <em>Typhlolinus</em> Reitter, 1908; <em>Helicophallus</em> Coiffait, 1956, and obviously <em>Xantholinus</em> s. str. (linearisgroup); <em>Neohypnus</em> Coiffait &amp; Saiz, 1964 = <em>Sungaria</em> Bordoni, 2003, syn. n. The following new combinations are subsequently established: <em>Neohypnus</em> mandschuricus (Bernhauer, 1923), comb. n. (East Russia, S Mongolia, Korea); <em>Neohypnus meridionalis</em> (Bordoni, 2003), comb. n. (Guanxi); <em>Neohypnus</em> <em>rougemonti</em> (Bordoni, 2003), comb. n. (Zhejiang, Shaanxi). The genus <em>Sylea</em> Bordoni, 2001 is not a synonym of <em>Vulda</em> Jaquelin du Val, 1853, and is here a revalidated genus, and <em>Xantholinus kazachstanicus</em> Janak, 1979 does not belong to <em>Vulda</em> or <em>Sylea</em>, but it certainly belongs to a different genus, till now pending a formal name, whose delimitation and possible description need additional available material.</p>

A review of genus-group names for darkling beetles in the family Tenebrionidae (Insecta: Coleoptera) is presented. A catalogue of 4122 nomenclaturally available genus-group names, representing 2307 valid genera (33 of which are extinct) and 761 valid subgenera, is given. For each name the author, date, page number, gender, type species, type fixation, current status, and first synonymy (when the name is a synonym) are provided. Genus-group names in this family are also recorded in a classification framework, along with data on the distribution of valid genera and subgenera within major biogeographical realms. A list of 535 unavailable genus-group names (e.g., incorrect subsequent spellings) is included. Notes on the date of publication of references cited herein are given, when known. The following genera and subgenera are made available for the first time: Anemiadena Bouchard &amp; Bousquet, subgen. nov. (in Cheirodes Gené, 1839), Armigena Bouchard &amp; Bousquet, subgen. nov. (in Nesogena Mäklin, 1863), Debeauxiella Bouchard &amp; Bousquet, subgen. nov. (in Hyperops Eschscholtz, 1831), Hyperopsis Bouchard &amp; Bousquet, subgen. nov. (in Hyperops Eschscholtz, 1831), Linio Bouchard &amp; Bousquet, subgen. nov. (in Nilio Latreille, 1802), Matthewsotys Bouchard &amp; Bousquet, gen. nov., Neosolenopistoma Bouchard &amp; Bousquet, subgen. nov. (in Eurynotus W. Kirby, 1819), Paragena Bouchard &amp; Bousquet, subgen. nov. (in Nesogena Mäklin, 1863), Paulianaria Bouchard &amp; Bousquet, gen. nov., Phyllechus Bouchard &amp; Bousquet, gen. nov., Prorhytinota Bouchard &amp; Bousquet, subgen. nov. (in Rhytinota Eschscholtz, 1831), Pseudorozonia Bouchard &amp; Bousquet, subgen. nov. (in Rozonia Fairmaire, 1888), Pseudothinobatis Bouchard &amp; Bousquet, gen. nov., Rhytinopsis Bouchard &amp; Bousquet, subgen. nov. (in Thalpophilodes Strand, 1942), Rhytistena Bouchard &amp; Bousquet, subgen. nov. (in Rhytinota Eschscholtz, 1831), Spinosdara Bouchard &amp; Bousquet, subgen. nov. (in Osdara Walker, 1858), Spongesmia Bouchard &amp; Bousquet, subgen. nov. (in Adesmia Fischer, 1822), and Zambesmia Bouchard &amp; Bousquet, subgen. nov. (in Adesmia Fischer, 1822). The names Adeps Gistel, 1857 and Adepsion Strand, 1917 syn. nov. [= Tetraphyllus Laporte &amp; Brullé, 1831], Asyrmatus Canzoneri, 1959 syn. nov. [= Pystelops Gozis, 1910], Euzadenos Koch, 1956 syn. nov. [= Selenepistoma Dejean, 1834], Gondwanodilamus Kaszab, 1969 syn. nov. [= Conibius J.L. LeConte, 1851], Gyrinodes Fauvel, 1897 syn. nov. [= Nesotes Allard, 1876], Helopondrus Reitter, 1922 syn. nov. [= Horistelops Gozis, 1910], Hybonotus Dejean, 1834 syn. nov. [= Damatris Laporte, 1840], Iphthimera Reitter, 1916 syn. nov. [= Metriopus Solier, 1835], Lagriomima Pic, 1950 syn. nov. [= Neogria Borchmann, 1911], Orphelops Gozis, 1910 syn. nov. [= Nalassus Mulsant, 1854], Phymatium Billberg, 1820 syn. nov. [= Cryptochile Latreille, 1828], Prosoblapsia Skopin &amp; Kaszab, 1978 syn. nov. [= Genoblaps Bauer, 1921], and Pseudopimelia Gebler, 1859 syn. nov. [= Lasiostola Dejean, 1834] are established as new synonyms (valid names in square brackets). Anachayus Bouchard &amp; Bousquet, nom. nov. is proposed as a replacement name for Chatanayus Ardoin, 1957, Genateropa Bouchard &amp; Bousquet, nom. nov. as a replacement name for Apterogena Ardoin, 1962, Hemipristula Bouchard &amp; Bousquet, nom. nov. as a replacement name for Hemipristis Kolbe, 1903, Kochotella Bouchard &amp; Bousquet, nom. nov. as a replacement name for Millotella Koch, 1962, Medvedevoblaps Bouchard &amp; Bousquet, nom. nov. as a replacement name for Protoblaps G.S. Medvedev, 1998, and Subpterocoma Bouchard &amp; Bousquet, nom. nov. is proposed as a replacement name for Pseudopimelia Motschulsky, 1860. Neoeutrapela Bousquet &amp; Bouchard, 2013 is downgraded to a subgenus (stat. nov.) of Impressosora Pic, 1952. Anchomma J.L. LeConte, 1858 is placed in Stenosini: Dichillina (previously in Pimeliinae: Anepsiini); Entypodera Gerstaecker, 1871, Impressosora Pic, 1952 and Xanthalia Fairmaire, 1894 are placed in Lagriinae: Lagriini: Statirina (previously in Lagriinae: Lagriini: Lagriina); Loxostethus Triplehorn, 1962 is placed in Diaperinae: Diaperini: Diaperina (previously in Diaperinae: Diaperini: Adelinina); Periphanodes Gebien, 1943 is placed in Stenochiinae: Cnodalonini (previously in Tenebrioninae: Helopini); Zadenos Laporte, 1840 is downgraded to a subgenus (stat. nov.) of the older name Selenepistoma Dejean, 1834. The type species [placed in square brackets] of the following available genus-group names are designated for the first time: Allostrongylium Kolbe, 1896 [Allostrongylium silvestre Kolbe, 1896], Auristira Borchmann, 1916 [Auristira octocostata Borchmann, 1916], Blapidocampsia Pic, 1919 [Campsia pallidipes Pic, 1918], Cerostena Solier, 1836 [Cerostena deplanata Solier, 1836], Coracostira Fairmaire, 1899 [Coracostira armipes Fairmaire, 1899], Dischidus Kolbe, 1886 [Helops sinuatus Fabricius, 1801], Eccoptostoma Gebien, 1913 [Taraxides ruficrus Fairmaire, 1894], Ellaemus Pascoe, 1866 [Emcephalus submaculatus Brême, 1842], Epeurycaulus Kolbe, 1902 [Epeurycaulus aldabricus Kolbe, 1902], Euschatia Solier, 1851 [Euschatia proxima Solier, 1851], Heliocaes Bedel, 1906 [Blaps emarginata Fabricius, 1792], Hemipristis Kolbe, 1903 [Hemipristis ukamia Kolbe, 1903], Iphthimera Reitter, 1916 [Stenocara ruficornis Solier, 1835], Isopedus Stein, 1877 [Helops tenebrioides Germar, 1813], Malacova Fairmaire, 1898 [Malacova bicolor Fairmaire, 1898], Modicodisema Pic, 1917 [Disema subopaca Pic, 1912], Peltadesmia Kuntzen, 1916 [Metriopus platynotus Gerstaecker, 1854], Phymatium Billberg, 1820 [Pimelia maculata Fabricius, 1781], Podoces Péringuey, 1886 [Podoces granosula Péringuey, 1886], Pseuduroplatopsis Pic, 1913 [Borchmannia javana Pic, 1913], Pteraulus Solier, 1848 [Pteraulus sulcatipennis Solier, 1848], Sciaca Solier, 1835 [Hylithus disctinctus Solier, 1835], Sterces Champion, 1891 [Sterces violaceipennis Champion, 1891] and Teremenes Carter, 1914 [Tenebrio longipennis Hope, 1843]. Evidence suggests that some type species were misidentified. In these instances, information on the misidentification is provided and, in the following cases, the taxonomic species actually involved is fixed as the type species [placed in square brackets] following requirements in Article 70.3 of the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature: Accanthopus Dejean, 1821 [Tenebrio velikensis Piller &amp; Mitterpacher, 1783], Becvaramarygmus Masumoto, 1999 [Dietysus nodicornis Gravely, 1915], Heterophaga Dejean, 1834 [Opatrum laevigatum Fabricius, 1781], Laena Dejean, 1821, [Scaurus viennensis Sturm, 1807], Margus Dejean, 1834 [Colydium castaneum Herbst, 1797], Pachycera Eschscholtz, 1831 [Tenebrio buprestoides Fabricius, 1781], Saragus Erichson, 1842 [Celibe costata Solier, 1848], Stene Stephens, 1829 [Colydium castaneum Herbst, 1797], Stenosis Herbst, 1799 [Tagenia intermedia Solier, 1838] and Tentyriopsis Gebien, 1928 [Tentyriopsis pertyi Gebien, 1940]. The following First Reviser actions are proposed to fix the precedence of names or nomenclatural acts (rejected name or act in square brackets): Stenosis ciliaris Gebien, 1920 as the type species for Afronosis G.S. Medvedev, 1995 [Stenosis leontjevi G.S. Medvedev, 1995], Alienoplonyx Bremer, 2019 [Alienolonyx], Amblypteraca Mas-Peinado, Buckley, Ruiz &amp; García-París, 2018 [Amplypteraca], Caenocrypticoides Kaszab, 1969 [Caenocripticoides], Deriles Motschulsky, 1872 [Derilis], Eccoptostira Borchmann, 1936 [Ecoptostira], †Eodromus Haupt, 1950 [†Edromus], Eutelus Solier, 1843 [Lutelus], Euthriptera Reitter, 1893 [Enthriptera], Meglyphus Motschulsky, 1872 [Megliphus], Microtelopsis Koch, 1940 [Extetranosis Koch, 1940, Hypermicrotelopsis Koch, 1940], Neandrosus Pic, 1921 [Neoandrosus], Nodosogylium Pic, 1951 [Nodosogilium], Notiolesthus Motschulsky, 1872 [Notiolosthus], Pseudeucyrtus Pic, 1916 [Pseudocyrtus], Pseudotrichoplatyscelis Kaszab, 1960 [Pseudotrichoplatynoscelis and Pseudotrichoplatycelis], Rhydimorpha Koch, 1943 [Rhytimorpha], Rhophobas Motschulsky, 1872 [Rophobas], Rhyssochiton Gray, 1831 [Ryssocheton and Ryssochiton], Sphaerotidius Kaszab, 1941 [Spaerotidius], Stira Agassiz, 1846 (Mollusca) [Stira Agassiz, 1846 (Coleoptera)], Sulpiusoma Ferrer, 2006 [Sulpiosoma] and Taenobates Motschulsky, 1872 [Taeniobates]. Supporting evidence is provided for the conservation of usage of Cyphaleus Westwood, 1841 nomen protectum over Chrysobalus Boisduval, 1835 nomen oblitum.

This article discusses the Swedish nomad school system (nomadskola, 1913–1962), targeting the children of the reindeer herding Sámi, in an environmental history perspective. Earlier research has highlighted demographics (especially social Darwinism), national economy, and reform pedagogy as the ideological foundation of the nomad school system. This article shows that the fixing of a frontier between society and wilderness was at the confluence of all of these ideas. Reindeer as a vehicle for domesticating Arctic “wilderness,” furthering economic goals in peripheries, and modernising indigenous livelihoods has been noted in the North American and Russian/Soviet contexts, as well as in Scandinavia for the second half of the 20th century. This connection has not been explicitly made in the research concerning the early years of the nomad school system. The article concludes that the Swedish government did not have the expertise to control and economically exploit the “wilderness” of the high Scandes, but the reindeer-herding Sámi did. Swedish educational authorities launched the nomad school system in order to harness this expertise and make the reindeer herding livelihood more suitable to the needs of the Swedish economy.

The previously largely neglected and poorly known staphylinid faunas of Armenia and Nagorno-Karabakh are addressed. Based on a study of more than 31,000 Staphylinidae recently collected in various habitats and using different methods, and on a critical evaluation of previous literature records, a checklist of the faunas of Armenia and Nagorno-Karabakh is compiled. The fauna of Armenia currently includes 675, that of Nagorno-Karabakh 198 named species. Nevertheless, it is concluded that the species inventory of both regions, especially that of Nagorno-Karabakh, is still far from complete. As many as 262 and 183 species are reported from Armenia and Nagorno-Karabakh, respectively, for the first time. A list of 99 species erroneously or doubtfully recorded from the study region is provided. A comparison with the species number and systematic composition of the faunas of other Caucasian countries and regions revealed that (a) their known diversities are significantly lower than should be expected and (b) a remarkably high proportion (nearly 40 %) of Aleocharinae in the faunas of Armenia and Nagorno-Karabakh, with the genus Atheta Thomson, 1858 alone accounting for approximately 10 % of the total diversity in Armenia. The faunas of Armenia and Nagorno-Karabakh are primarily composed of widespread species, many of them Caspian (Caucasian) and Iranian elements, and remarkably few endemics. Only 23 species, thirteen of the Aleocharinae (most of them belonging to the genus Geostiba Thomson, 1858), four of the Pselaphinae, five of Scydmaeninae, and one of Staphylininae are classified as regional endemics, and one species of Aleocharinae from the peak region of Mount Khustup is classified as a local endemic. The distribution of one addititional species is confined to South Armenia and adjacent parts of North Iran. A number of species is currently known only from Armenia, but of doubtful taxonomic status or unlikely to represent endemics. Records of some species in Armenia and/or Nagorno-Karabakh revealed some remarkably discontinuous distributions with gaps of up to approximately 2,800 km; three of these distributions are mapped. Fourteen species are newly described: Omalium kociani Zanetti spec. nov. (Armenia: Jermuk) of the Omaliinae, Proteinus baculatus Assing spec. nov. (Armenia; Northeast Turkey) of the Proteininae, Bryaxis armeniacus Brachat spec. nov. (Armenia: NW Hrazdan) and B. meghruicus Brachat spec. nov. (South Armenia: Meghru range) of the Pselaphinae, Atheta (Paralpinia) meghruica Assing spec. nov. (South Armenia: Meghru range), Bellatheta khustupica Assing spec. nov. (South Armenia: Mount Khustup), Calodera alticola Assing spec. nov. (Armenia: Mount Karkar), and Tachyusa unguis Assing spec. nov. (South Armenia) of the Aleocharinae, Anotylus hamatoides Schülke spec. nov. (Armenia) of the Oxytelinae, Euconnus (Tetramelus) longilaminatus Meybohm spec. nov. (North Armenia), E. (T.) tavushus Meybohm spec. nov. (North Armenia), E. (T.) karabakhus Meybohm spec. nov. (Nagorno-Karabakh), Neuraphes (Paraphes) gomarantsus Meybohm spec. nov. (South Armenia: Meghru range), and N. (P.) syunikus Meybohm spec. nov. (South Armenia) of the Scydmaeninae. Eight synonymies and one revalidation are established: Dialycera minuta Luze, 1906 = Phyllodrepa armena Iablokoff-Khnzorian, 1959, syn. nov.; Mycetoporus silvaticus Iablokoff-Khnzorian, 1962 = M. dispersus Schülke & Kocian, 2000, syn. nov.; Aleochara subtumida (Hochhuth, 1859) = Aleochara khnzoriani Amiryan, 1999, syn. nov.; Platystethus cephalotes Eppelsheim, 1878, revalidated (previously synonym of P. laevis Markel & Kiesenwetter, 1848) = P. oblongopunctatus Roubal, 1911, syn. nov.; Euconnus lalvarensis Iablokoff-Khnzorian, 1964 = Euconnus pseudorobustus Franz, 1986, syn. nov.; Astenus rufopacus Reitter, 1909 = A. baali Coiffait, 1960, syn. nov.; Heterothops dissimilis (Gravenhorst, 1802) = H. armeniacus Coiffait, 1977, syn. nov.; Heterothops praevius Erichson, 1839 = Heterothops montanus Iablokoff-Khnzorian, 1966, syn. nov. Taxonomic acts Omalium kociani Zanetti spec. nov. – urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:5F24413E-6AB4-4D1C-B567-AB93C38380C9Proteinus baculatus Assing spec. nov. – urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:3DDB2D69-A000-4FFA-AAC7-48CE4BAB7020Bryaxis armeniacus Brachat spec. nov. – urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:01F595CB-9F3B-4DEE-8A4D-C97F39DE26E1Bryaxis meghruicus Brachat spec. nov. – urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:AA6E7E2A-4450-48E8-8048-8061C3C6DF5CAtheta (Paralpinia) meghruica Assing spec. nov. – urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:4673F1AA-F8C1-4524-AFA3-99E4E7F502FFBellatheta khustupica Assing spec. nov. – urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:C342B3DE-9EE5-4950-85BD-817DBEE6FE3ECalodera alticola Assing spec. nov. – urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:3BF46F7B-FBDB-4F1B-B0D0-89D669B021C2Tachyusa unguis Assing spec. nov. – urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:A4B4E5C2-EEB2-4146-B6F2-27D5873D5AEBAnotylus hamatoides Schulke, spec. nov. – urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:0167E052-EBAB-421A-BB72-39E33C1EDC97Euconnus (Tetramelus) longilaminatus Meybohm spec. nov. – urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:96692EB3-A82F-4ADB -A278-EC1B64040C82Euconnus (Tetramelus) tavushus Meybohm spec. nov. – urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:7F2BBD70-A7F8-4272-8195-02884B90F2DDEuconnus (Tetramelus) karabakhus Meybohm spec. nov. – urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:A60B66A1-20EB-4341-9950-B6485B1A3853Neuraphes (Paraphes) gomarantsus Meybohm spec. nov. – urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:102F7EEC-B2A5-458F-B271-E3582970195FNeuraphes (Paraphes) syunikus Meybohm spec. nov.– urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:2972F28B-0968-4810-B9F5-471E93F97F43

AbstractThe Leiden artist Hieronymus van der Mij is only known today as a portrait painter, e.g. from the twelve portraits in the Lakenhal in Leiden, one in the Rijksmuseum and the series of professors done for Leiden University. He also owed his fame in his own day primarily to his portraits, but as Jan van Gool pointed out in 1750 (Note I), he also had a penchant for painting 'antique and modern cabinet pictures'. The main reason why these have been forgotten is that over the years they have slipped almost unnoticed into the oeuvre of Willem van Mieris, not seldom with false signatures to boot. This article presents a short survey of the history and genre pieces discovered up to now as a basis for further research. A list of works known from descriptions in old sale catalogues, but not yet traced, is appended after the catalogue. Hieronymus van de Mij (1687-1761) was the son of the bronze caster Philip van der Mij. In February 1710 he was enrolled in the Leiden Album Studiosorum. He was a pupil of Willem van Mieris, the leading Leiden painter of the day, becoming a member of the Guild of St. Luke in 1724 and for some time serving as supervisor at the Leiden Academy. During his life he made a collection of prints, which was sold at his house after his death (Note 2). The history of his Diogenes' Drinking Bowl (Cat. No. 1, Fig. 1) is an example of the fate that befell most of his history and genre paintings. It came up as a work by him at sales in 1774 and 1783 (Note 3), but around 150 years later, on 23 April 1932, it was sold in Antwerp as a Willem van Mieris. It came up again under this name in Brussels on 3 March 1936 and finally appeared yet again in 1983 as by Frans van Mieris the Elder. It is not too surprising that it was attributed to Willem van Mieris, for the landscape and figures are entirely in his style, but closer inspection reveals awkwardness in the drawing and much more minute detailing than is to be found in Willem van Mieris' work, while the fine, drauglatsmanlike style makes a rather harder impression than Van Mieris' softer, more painterly manner. The same characteristics appear in a scene with The Young Bacchus (Cat. No. 2, Fig.2), which was sold in Cologne in 1938 as by Willem van Mieris and which may be the same as a picture of the same subject seen by Hofstede de Groot in Moscow, which was signed and dated 1716. The Bacchus is an advance on the Diogenes in that it is more broadly conceived and the drawing is firmer and more sure. A signed grisaille overdoor in the Lakenhal, showing an Allegory on Overseas Trade (Cat. No.3) Fig.3), is van der Mij's only surviving decorative painting. It again shows a rather hard linear style, especially by comparison with the much softer and more atmospheric grisailles by Jacob de Wit. A chimneypiece painting of the same subject sold at Zoeterwoude on 25 June 1784 may have come from the same house (Note 5). Genre paintings play an important part in Van der Mij's oeuvre. The earliest dated example, a Family Group at Buckingham Palace (Cat. No.4, Fig. 4), is one of his best works. It was also thought to be a Willem van Mieris until cleaning revealed Van der Mij's signature and the date 1728 (Note 6). It again shows his great dependence on his teacher and also his closeness to his contemporary and fellow-pupil Frans van Mieris the Younger, whose name was also linked with this picture in the past (Note 7). A closely related work with a nursing mother (Cat. No.5, Fig.5), which in 1942 was in the Bentink Collection at Kasteel Weldam and bore the signature of Willem van Mieris and the date 1735, must date from the 1730's) as must a painting of a Woman Holding a Beer Glass in Johannesburg (Cat. No. 6, Fig.15), which is wrongly attributed to Frans van Mieris the Younger. Another work wrongly attributed to the latter (Cat. No. 7, Fig. 6) is revealed as a Van der Mij by the stereotyped faces of the women, the glances and the gestures. A work signed by Van der Mij in full, which came up for sale in Amsterdam in 1950 (Cat. No. 8, Fig.3), is probably meant as a Four Ages of Man. The date is given in the sale catalogue as 1708, but must actually be 1738. Although the influence of Willem van Mieris is still detectable in the old woman, the two younger ones reflect the elegant style of the French painters of the first half of the 18th century. Two scenes in a sewing workroom sold in the same sale as by Willem van Mieris (Cat. Nos. 9 and 10, Figs. 8 andg) are clearly by the same hand as a signed Fruitseller and Young Man (Cat. No. 11, Fig. 16), which was in the hands of Katz at Dieren in 1962. The Leiden tradition, initiated by Gerard Dou, of having the spectator look through a window crops up in a rather unusual form in two pendants in a private collection in Bergamo (Cat. Nos. 12 and 13, Figs. 10 and 11) and in a more conventional and thus possibly happier manner in a signed and dated panel of 1757 sold in Munich in 1899 (Cat. No. 14, Fig. 17) and a Poulterer's Shop (Cat. No. 15, Fig. 12) at Kasteel Singraven at Denekamp, which is very close to it in style (and again bears a false signature of Willem van Mieris). Finally, there are two more genre scenes in landscapes: a Young Woman Feeding Grapes to a Parrot (Cat. No. 16, Fig.13) in a private collection in Sweden, an early work comparable to a painting of 1706 by Willem van Mieris in Dresden (Fig. 14, Note 9), and a Young Couple in a Lanelscape (Cat. No. 17, Fig. 17), which belongs to a later period and is somewhat further removed from Van Mieris, although it was nonetheless attributed to him in a sale of 1906 (Note 10).

O artigo pretende analisar a visão de Hannah Arendt (1906 –1975) sobre o julgamento do ex-nazista Otto Adolf Eichmann (1906 –1962) e à ideia de banalidade do mal pensada pela autora ao longo do julgamento. Para Arendt, o totalitarismo nazista criou um modelo novo de criminoso, pois o extermínio sistemático e organizado de milhões de seres humanos não é visto somente como monstruosidade por parte de um grupo, mas um ato cometido por pessoas que cumpriam meras obrigações burocráticas, assim como Eichmann. Portanto, nossa análise se concentrará no cumprimento de ordens associado a irreflexão, responsabilidade legal, inversão de valores morais provocada pelo Estado nazista, nos massacres administrativos e o perfil do réu.

Ten taxa of Balkan Isoperla Banks, 1906 are described or redescribed on the basis of SEM studies of the penis, traditional morphological features, and egg structure: I. oxylepis oxylepis (Despax, 1936), I. oxylepis balcanica Raušer, 1962, I. bosnica Aubert, 1964 stat. rev., I. citrina sp. n., I. albanica Aubert, 1964, I. vevcianensis Ikonomov, 1980, I. tripartita tripartita Illies, 1954, I. obliqua Zwick, 1978 stat. n., I. pesici sp. n. and I. autumnalis sp. n. The types and arrangement of scales and sensilla on penial lobes are summarized for West Palaearctic species groups with some preliminary changes in species grouping proposed. An annotated checklist of the Balkanian species is given and the known distribution of endemic taxa are depicted on maps. Isoperla oxylepis balcanica and I. vevcianensis are new for the fauna of Albania, while I. bosnica and I. grammatica (Poda, 1761) are new for Montenegro and Greece, respectively. Additional significant new country records are provided for Amphinemura triangularis (Ris, 1902), A. quadrangularis Zwick, 1978, Nemoura caligula Zwick,1978 and Leuctra jahorinensis Kaćanski, 1972.

China’s design education stems from education in craft and fine art. The beginning of China’s design education can be associated with artist Li Ruiqing, who was a scholar of the Imperial Academy. During the late Qing Dynasty, in 1906, he established the subject of ‘Crafts and Pictures’ at the Nanjing Educator School, which is now Southeast University. During the next 100 years, China’s design education passed through four stages: a focus on patterns and crafts, crafts and ornament, ornament and design, and creative design. The Japanese model of design, which is reflected in the first three stages and can be traced back to the Bauhaus design education system, had as its purpose ‘to educate the Craftsman-Artist’ (Chapkova & Zhang, 2019; Bredendieck, 1962, p. 15). Therefore, art and ornament have long been considered important parts of design, and the history of China’s design education represents the development history of fine art institutes to a certain degree (Wu, 2001).

No presente texto pretendeu-se realizar uma abordagem prospectiva em obras da Geografia Humana, caracterizadas como da Geografia Tradicional, a presença ou não das noções de circulação, transporte aéreo e turismo, no período que coincide com o dos primeiros voos tripulados em aparelhos mais pesados que o ar aos voos tidos como voos comerciais e com viagens que se caracterizassem como de turismo, ou seja, de 1906 à 1965. Essa prospecção preliminar foi realizada nas obras de Ratzel (1914 apud SILVA JUNIOR, 2011), La Blache (1954), Brunhes (1962), Derruau (1964) e George (1965) por enfocarem a Geografia Humana e Econômica em suas análises sobre o espaço geográfico. Procurou-se identificar em tais obras as referidas noções e qual o olhar desses autores para elas, tendo o cuidado de efetuar a análise em ordem cronológica. Verificou-se em tais obras que é a partir de 1960 que as referidas noções vão ser abordadas na Geografia, mas, que já havia preocupações com a circulação aérea desde Ratzel com suas observações sobre os três domínios: o terrestre, o marítimo e o aéreo.

Бањалучка интелектуална елита оснива 1929. године у Бањалуци друштво ''Змијање'', које је требало, поред другог, и да подигне спо-меник Петру Кочићу (1876–1916) у Бањалуци. У кругу чланова Друштва желио је да се нађе и Никола Тесла, који се са оваквом жељом обраћа Друштву, али је Теслино писмо нечијим немаром затурено и тако смо остали ускраћени за спознаје о евентуалним сљедећим Теслиним намјерама.На приједлог предсједника Главног одбора Друштва др Васе Глушца (1879–1955) и његових пријатеља, 1932. године покушало се договорити са вајаром Иваном Мештровићем (1883–1962) око израде споменика, али како је вајар Мештровић ангажован око припрема за своје двије изложбе, одржане у Прагу и Паризу 1933. године, почетком априла 1932. године расписан је кон-курс за израду споменика у Бањалуци. Према одлуци Оцењивачког суда, који засједа 10. јуна те године, између дванаест приспјелих радова, прву награду и право извођења добио је рад под називом ''Трибун'', коауторско дјело Антуна Аугустинчића (1900–1979) и Ивана Вање Радауша (1906–1975) из Загреба. Сљедећег дана, у просторији бањалучке гимназије отворена је изложба свих приспјелих радова, што представља прву вајарску изложбу код нас. Споменик Петру Кочићу свечано је откривен 6. новембра 1932. године у градском парку бана Милосављевића у Бањалуци.

В публикации представлен материал, освещающий историю создания работы Всеволода Федоровича Миллера «Die Sprache der Osseten» («Язык осетин»). Публикуемые выдержки из писем В.Ф. Миллера к Г.В. Баеву по этому вопросу в период с 1901 по 1906 гг. извлечены из фондов Научного архива СОИГСИ. Подборка материалов из писем дает возможность проследить основные этапы работы Миллера над рукописью книги, выяснить творческое участие в нем Гаппо Баева. Для истории научного осетиноведения несомненный интерес имеют сведения о начале и процессе работы ученого над рукописью книги, ее целях и задачах, структуре, новых разделах, сроках подготовки к печати, положительных откликах зарубежных ученых на книгу, которые Миллер сообщал Баеву. Немаловажно иметь в виду и помощь Баева в предоставлении ученому по его просьбе новейших на тот момент официальных статистических данных об общей численности осетин в Терской области и за ее пределами, которые Миллер впоследствии разместил во «Введении» к книге, в разделе «Территория распространения осетинского языка и его диалекты». Заслуживают внимания и рекомендации Миллера о необходимости издания в Осетии практической грамматики осетинского языка, в создании которой он предлагал свое содействие. Рассмотрен русскоязычный перевод книги, изданной в 1962 г. Академией наук СССР. Публикуемые материалы позволяют считать письма Миллера к Баеву одним из важных источников по истории создания ученым книги «Die Sprache der Osseten» («Язык осетин»). The article is devoted to the history of the creation of the V.F. Miller’s work «Die Sprache der Osseten» («The Ossetian Language»). Published excerpts from the letters V.F. Miller to G.V. Baev on this issue in the period from 1901 to 1906 were extracted from the collections of the Scientific Archive of the North Ossetian Institute for Humanitarian and Social Studies. The selection of materials from the letters allows us to trace the work process of Miller on the manuscript of the book at a specified time, and assess creative participation of Bayev in it. For the history of scientific Ossetian studies, information about the beginning and process of a scientist’s work on the manuscript of the book, its goals and objectives, structure, new sections, preparation periods for printing, positive responses of foreign scientists to the book, which Miller shared with Baev. It is also important to bear in mind the help provided to the scientist at his request by Baev by supplying the latest official statistics on the total number of the Ossetians both in the Terek region and beyond it, which Miller subsequently placed in the Introduction to the book, in the section «Territory of distribution of the Ossetian language and its dialects». Noteworthy are the recommendations of Miller on the need to publish in Ossetia a practical grammar of the Ossetian language, in the creation of which he offered his assistance. The Russian-language version of the book published in 1962 by the Academy of Sciences of the USSR is considered. Published materials allow us to count the letters of Miller to Baev, one of the most important sources on the history of the creation by the scholar of the book «Die Sprache der Osseten» («Ossetian Language»).

Мәкаләдә татар сәхнәсендә Гаяз Исхакый әсәрләренең куелыш тарихы буенча фактлар системалаштырыла. «Гаяз Исхакый һәм театр» темасы үзенең чиксез тирәнлеге белән фәнни мәйданда аерылып тора. Әлеге тема турында озак фикер йөртергә мөмкинлек туа. Бөек татар язучысы әсәрләренең сәхнәләштерү традицияләре театрның үсеше белән тирән бәйләнештә булганы ачык күренә. Әгәр беренче театр куелышларында режиссерлар темалар һәм образларны эшләүдә «автор артыннан» барсалар, тора-бара, төрле театраль стилистикасындагы иҗади экспериментлар юлына басалар. Гаяз Исхакый әсәрләренең татар сәхнәсендә сәхнәләштерү тарихы үз эченә ике этапны ала: 1) 1906 – 1923 еллар; 2) 1990дан – хәзерге көнгә кадәр. Татар театры үсеш алган саен үзгәрә бара, әмма иҗат әһелләре һәм тамашачыларның бөек язучы мирасына кызыксынуы үзгәрми. Г.Исхакый мирасын пропагандалауга татар сәхнәсендә режиссерлар Празат Исәнбәт (1927 – 2001), Ренат Әюпов (1964 елда туган), Фәрит Бикчәнтәев (1962 елда туган), Айдар Җаббаров (1991 елда туган) зур көч салганнар. Празат Исәнбәтнең иҗат портфелендә – Г.Исхакыйның «Зөләйха» (1993), «Брачный контракт» (1994), «Җан Баевич» (1995) спектакльләре. Фәрит Бикчәнтәев язучының прозасы белән кызыксынды. Ул «Көз» (1993), «Курчак туе» (2009) спектакльләрен куйды. Режиссер Ренат Әюпов та Гаяз Исхакый иҗаты белән тыгыз элемтәдә. Ул аның прозасын сәхнәләштерүдә зур тәҗрибә туплаган: «Кәләпүшче кыз (2002), «Остазбикә» (2005), «Сөннәтче бабай» (2005, 2021), «Кәҗүл читек» (2018). Чын революцияне, постмодернистик манерада спектакльләр куеп, яшь режиссер Айдар Җаббаров ясады. Ул, язучының башлангыч чорында язылган әсәрләренә нигезләнеп, ике спектакль тудырды: «Тормышмы бу?!» (2018), «Ул әле өйләнмәгән иде» (2022).

AbstractThis review summarizes the time that has passed from the initial registration of the cells that turned out to be platelets up to today's advanced methodologies in platelet investigation. The first reports of “granular masses” appeared in the 1840s, but these “granular masses” remained an unsolved mystery until the 1870s. The breakthrough came in the 1873–1882 period. The cells that later turned out to be platelets were further identified by the German Professor Max Schultze, and later by Osler, who described their disk-like structure. These initial descriptions of platelets were expanded by impressive studies performed by the Italian Pathologist Bizzozero who uncovered the anatomy of platelets and described their role, first in experimental thrombosis and later in the clotting process. Nearly 20 years later, in 1906, Wright published the discovery of megakaryocytes as platelet precursors. Shortly thereafter, the clinical proof of concept illustrating the pivotal role of platelets in arresting bleeding was revealed by Duke who introduced the bleeding time test, also in this period. To investigate platelet function more specifically, light transmission aggregometry was introduced in 1962 and remains the gold standard today. This method inspired the development of several devices employing whole blood using different principles for evaluating platelet function. As of today, flow cytometry is the most advanced method and holds promise to provide new insights into platelet activation. Additionally, advances in genetic testing by the use of next-generation sequencing will allow further improvement of our ability to diagnose inherited platelet disorders.

Introdução: Ações de vigilância sanitária eram desempenhadas desde os séculos XIX. Entretanto, foi somente no início do século XX, em meio a problemas sanitários que o Food and Drug Administration (FDA) foi criado nos Estados Unidos. No Brasil, o cenário de crises não foi diferente. Mas, foi somente em 1999 que a Agência Nacional de Vigilância Sanitária (ANVISA) foi criada. Objetivos: Comparar os marcos legais, históricos, atribuições, orçamento e recursos humanos da ANVISA e FDA. Material e Método: Trata-se de uma revisão bibliográfica e um estudo descritivo comparativo, realizados a partir de uma busca de artigos científicos em bibliotecas virtuais e em sites oficiais. Resultados: O FDA teve intenso processo regulatório ocorrido entre as primeiras décadas do século XX, como a legislação do Pure Food and Drug de 1906; a Food, Drug and Cosmetic Act, de 1938, em resposta às críticas feitas pelo Jornalista Samuel Hopkins Adams e o caso dos patent medicines; em resposta à tragédia do Elixir de Sulfanilamida, Insulin Ammendment de 1941; Kefauver-Harris Ammendment de 1962, em resposta ao caso talidomida; e os atos Prescription Drug User Fee, de 1992; e Food and Drug Administration Modernization, de 1997. No Brasil, o início do século XX foi marcado por ações descoordenadas, feitas por vários órgãos, trocas de administrações e contexto sociopolítico, que dificultaram o planejamento de ações de vigilância sanitária. Na década de 1970, o Brasil teve importantes alterações nas suas leis sanitárias, sendo criadas as leis nos 5.991, de 1973 e 6.360, de 1976, que ainda compõem o escopo regulatório da ANVISA. Com a criação do Sistema Único de Saúde e os escândalos envolvendo os medicamentos, como as pílulas de farinha, desvios de verbas e acidentes envolvendo clínica de hemodiálise e outro com o Césio 137, o governo inclina-se para um caráter protetor e preventivo, culminando com a criação da agência pela Lei no 9.782, de 1999. Ao comparar asagências vemos semelhanças nas atribuições, porém a ANVISA é incumbida de papéis como coordenação do SNVS entre as esferas federal, municipal e estadual e distrital e tem o papel de regular o preço de medicamentos, jurisdição que o FDA não tem acesso. Apesar disso, o quantitativo de recursos humanos e o orçamento da ANVISA é bem inferior ao do FDA, tendo uma razão de funcionários cerca de quase dez vezes menor, e orçamento previsto anual em dólar, quarenta vezes menor que o FDA (2019 a 2022). Ambas as agências foram influenciadas pelo Acordo sobre Aspectos da Propriedade Intelectual (TRIPS). Discussão e Conclusões: A ANVISA tem importante valor no cenário nacional e internacional, mesmo tendo sido criada em 1999, se consolidou pelo alto padrão regulatório mantendo uma identidade marcada pelo processo de desenvolvimento nacional. Apesar disso, nos últimos anos há uma crise de recursos humanos e orçamento, que são inversamente proporcionais ao desenvolvimento da agência.

Introduction Eating is one of the most quintessential activities of human life. Because of this primacy, eating is, as food anthropologist Sidney Mintz has observed, “not merely a biological activity, but a vibrantly cultural activity as well” (48). This article posits that the current awareness of climate change in the Western world is animating such cultural activity as the Slow Food movement and is, as a result, stimulating what could be seen as an evolutionary change in popular foodways. Moreover, this paper suggests that, in line with modelling provided by the Slow Food example, an increased awareness of the connections of climate change to the social injustices of food production might better drive social change in such areas. This discussion begins by proposing that contemporary foodways—defined as “not only what is eaten by a particular group of people but also the variety of customs, beliefs and practices surrounding the production, preparation and presentation of food” (Davey 182)—are changing in the West in relation to current concerns about climate change. Such modification has a long history. Since long before the inception of modern Homo sapiens, natural climate change has been a crucial element driving hominidae evolution, both biologically and culturally in terms of social organisation and behaviours. Macroevolutionary theory suggests evolution can dramatically accelerate in response to rapid shifts in an organism’s environment, followed by slow to long periods of stasis once a new level of sustainability has been achieved (Gould and Eldredge). There is evidence that ancient climate change has also dramatically affected the rate and course of cultural evolution. Recent work suggests that the end of the last ice age drove the cultural innovation of animal and plant domestication in the Middle East (Zeder), not only due to warmer temperatures and increased rainfall, but also to a higher level of atmospheric carbon dioxide which made agriculture increasingly viable (McCorriston and Hole, cited in Zeder). Megadroughts during the Paleolithic might well have been stimulating factors behind the migration of hominid populations out of Africa and across Asia (Scholz et al). Thus, it is hardly surprising that modern anthropogenically induced global warming—in all its’ climate altering manifestations—may be driving a new wave of cultural change and even evolution in the West as we seek a sustainable homeostatic equilibrium with the environment of the future. In 1962, Rachel Carson’s Silent Spring exposed some of the threats that modern industrial agriculture poses to environmental sustainability. This prompted a public debate from which the modern environmental movement arose and, with it, an expanding awareness and attendant anxiety about the safety and nutritional quality of contemporary foods, especially those that are grown with chemical pesticides and fertilizers and/or are highly processed. This environmental consciousness led to some modification in eating habits, manifest by some embracing wholefood and vegetarian dietary regimes (or elements of them). Most recently, a widespread awareness of climate change has forced rapid change in contemporary Western foodways, while in other climate related areas of socio-political and economic significance such as energy production and usage, there is little evidence of real acceleration of change. Ongoing research into the effects of this expanding environmental consciousness continues in various disciplinary contexts such as geography (Eshel and Martin) and health (McMichael et al). In food studies, Vileisis has proposed that the 1970s environmental movement’s challenge to the polluting practices of industrial agri-food production, concurrent with the women’s movement (asserting women’s right to know about everything, including food production), has led to both cooks and eaters becoming increasingly knowledgeable about the links between agricultural production and consumer and environmental health, as well as the various social justice issues involved. As a direct result of such awareness, alternatives to the industrialised, global food system are now emerging (Kloppenberg et al.). The Slow Food (R)evolution The tenets of the Slow Food movement, now some two decades old, are today synergetic with the growing consternation about climate change. In 1983, Carlo Petrini formed the Italian non-profit food and wine association Arcigola and, in 1986, founded Slow Food as a response to the opening of a McDonalds in Rome. From these humble beginnings, which were then unashamedly positing a return to the food systems of the past, Slow Food has grown into a global organisation that has much more future focused objectives animating its challenges to the socio-cultural and environmental costs of industrial food. Slow Food does have some elements that could be classed as reactionary and, therefore, the opposite of evolutionary. In response to the increasing homogenisation of culinary habits around the world, for instance, Slow Food’s Foundation for Biodiversity has established the Ark of Taste, which expands upon the idea of a seed bank to preserve not only varieties of food but also local and artisanal culinary traditions. In this, the Ark aims to save foods and food products “threatened by industrial standardization, hygiene laws, the regulations of large-scale distribution and environmental damage” (SFFB). Slow Food International’s overarching goals and activities, however, extend far beyond the preservation of past foodways, extending to the sponsoring of events and activities that are attempting to create new cuisine narratives for contemporary consumers who have an appetite for such innovation. Such events as the Salone del Gusto (Salon of Taste) and Terra Madre (Mother Earth) held in Turin every two years, for example, while celebrating culinary traditions, also focus on contemporary artisanal foods and sustainable food production processes that incorporate the most current of agricultural knowledge and new technologies into this production. Attendees at these events are also driven by both an interest in tradition, and their own very current concerns with health, personal satisfaction and environmental sustainability, to change their consumer behavior through an expanded self-awareness of the consequences of their individual lifestyle choices. Such events have, in turn, inspired such events in other locations, moving Slow Food from local to global relevance, and affecting the intellectual evolution of foodway cultures far beyond its headquarters in Bra in Northern Italy. This includes in the developing world, where millions of farmers continue to follow many traditional agricultural practices by necessity. Slow Food Movement’s forward-looking values are codified in the International Commission on the Future of Food and Agriculture 2006 publication, Manifesto on the Future of Food. This calls for changes to the World Trade Organisation’s rules that promote the globalisation of agri-food production as a direct response to the “climate change [which] threatens to undermine the entire natural basis of ecologically benign agriculture and food preparation, bringing the likelihood of catastrophic outcomes in the near future” (ICFFA 8). It does not call, however, for a complete return to past methods. To further such foodway awareness and evolution, Petrini founded the University of Gastronomic Sciences at Slow Food’s headquarters in 2004. The university offers programs that are analogous with the Slow Food’s overall aim of forging sustainable partnerships between the best of old and new practice: to, in the organisation’s own words, “maintain an organic relationship between gastronomy and agricultural science” (UNISG). In 2004, Slow Food had over sixty thousand members in forty-five countries (Paxson 15), with major events now held each year in many of these countries and membership continuing to grow apace. One of the frequently cited successes of the Slow Food movement is in relation to the tomato. Until recently, supermarkets stocked only a few mass-produced hybrids. These cultivars were bred for their disease resistance, ease of handling, tolerance to artificial ripening techniques, and display consistency, rather than any culinary values such as taste, aroma, texture or variety. In contrast, the vine ripened, ‘farmer’s market’ tomato has become the symbol of an “eco-gastronomically” sustainable, local and humanistic system of food production (Jordan) which melds the best of the past practice with the most up-to-date knowledge regarding such farming matters as water conservation. Although the term ‘heirloom’ is widely used in relation to these tomatoes, there is a distinctively contemporary edge to the way they are produced and consumed (Jordan), and they are, along with other organic and local produce, increasingly available in even the largest supermarket chains. Instead of a wholesale embrace of the past, it is the connection to, and the maintenance of that connection with, the processes of production and, hence, to the environment as a whole, which is the animating premise of the Slow Food movement. ‘Slow’ thus creates a gestalt in which individuals integrate their lifestyles with all levels of the food production cycle and, hence to the environment and, importantly, the inherently related social justice issues. ‘Slow’ approaches emphasise how the accelerated pace of contemporary life has weakened these connections, while offering a path to the restoration of a sense of connectivity to the full cycle of life and its relation to place, nature and climate. In this, the Slow path demands that every consumer takes responsibility for all components of his/her existence—a responsibility that includes becoming cognisant of the full story behind each of the products that are consumed in that life. The Slow movement is not, however, a regime of abstention or self-denial. Instead, the changes in lifestyle necessary to support responsible sustainability, and the sensual and aesthetic pleasure inherent in such a lifestyle, exist in a mutually reinforcing relationship (Pietrykowski 2004). This positive feedback loop enhances the potential for promoting real and long-term evolution in social and cultural behaviour. Indeed, the Slow zeitgeist now informs many areas of contemporary culture, with Slow Travel, Homes, Design, Management, Leadership and Education, and even Slow Email, Exercise, Shopping and Sex attracting adherents. Mainstreaming Concern with Ethical Food Production The role of the media in “forming our consciousness—what we think, how we think, and what we think about” (Cunningham and Turner 12)—is self-evident. It is, therefore, revealing in relation to the above outlined changes that even the most functional cookbooks and cookery magazines (those dedicated to practical information such as recipes and instructional technique) in Western countries such as the USA, UK and Australian are increasingly reflecting and promoting an awareness of ethical food production as part of this cultural change in food habits. While such texts have largely been considered as useful but socio-politically relatively banal publications, they are beginning to be recognised as a valid source of historical and cultural information (Nussel). Cookbooks and cookery magazines commonly include discussion of a surprising range of issues around food production and consumption including sustainable and ethical agricultural methods, biodiversity, genetic modification and food miles. In this context, they indicate how rapidly the recent evolution of foodways has been absorbed into mainstream practice. Much of such food related media content is, at the same time, closely identified with celebrity mass marketing and embodied in the television chef with his or her range of branded products including their syndicated articles and cookbooks. This commercial symbiosis makes each such cuisine-related article in a food or women’s magazine or cookbook, in essence, an advertorial for a celebrity chef and their named products. Yet, at the same time, a number of these mass media food celebrities are raising public discussion that is leading to consequent action around important issues linked to climate change, social justice and the environment. An example is Jamie Oliver’s efforts to influence public behaviour and government policy, a number of which have gained considerable traction. Oliver’s 2004 exposure of the poor quality of school lunches in Britain (see Jamie’s School Dinners), for instance, caused public outrage and pressured the British government to commit considerable extra funding to these programs. A recent study by Essex University has, moreover, found that the academic performance of 11-year-old pupils eating Oliver’s meals improved, while absenteeism fell by 15 per cent (Khan). Oliver’s exposé of the conditions of battery raised hens in 2007 and 2008 (see Fowl Dinners) resulted in increased sales of free-range poultry, decreased sales of factory-farmed chickens across the UK, and complaints that free-range chicken sales were limited by supply. Oliver encouraged viewers to lobby their local councils, and as a result, a number banned battery hen eggs from schools, care homes, town halls and workplace cafeterias (see, for example, LDP). The popular penetration of these ideas needs to be understood in a historical context where industrialised poultry farming has been an issue in Britain since at least 1848 when it was one of the contributing factors to the establishment of the RSPCA (Freeman). A century after Upton Sinclair’s The Jungle (published in 1906) exposed the realities of the slaughterhouse, and several decades since Peter Singer’s landmark Animal Liberation (1975) and Tom Regan’s The Case for Animal Rights (1983) posited the immorality of the mistreatment of animals in food production, it could be suggested that Al Gore’s film An Inconvenient Truth (released in 2006) added considerably to the recent concern regarding the ethics of industrial agriculture. Consciousness-raising bestselling books such as Jim Mason and Peter Singer’s The Ethics of What We Eat and Michael Pollan’s The Omnivore’s Dilemma (both published in 2006), do indeed ‘close the loop’ in this way in their discussions, by concluding that intensive food production methods used since the 1950s are not only inhumane and damage public health, but are also damaging an environment under pressure from climate change. In comparison, the use of forced labour and human trafficking in food production has attracted far less mainstream media, celebrity or public attention. It could be posited that this is, in part, because no direct relationship to the environment and climate change and, therefore, direct link to our own existence in the West, has been popularised. Kevin Bales, who has been described as a modern abolitionist, estimates that there are currently more than 27 million people living in conditions of slavery and exploitation against their wills—twice as many as during the 350-year long trans-Atlantic slave trade. Bales also chillingly reveals that, worldwide, the number of slaves is increasing, with contemporary individuals so inexpensive to purchase in relation to the value of their production that they are disposable once the slaveholder has used them. Alongside sex slavery, many other prevalent examples of contemporary slavery are concerned with food production (Weissbrodt et al; Miers). Bales and Soodalter, for example, describe how across Asia and Africa, adults and children are enslaved to catch and process fish and shellfish for both human consumption and cat food. Other campaigners have similarly exposed how the cocoa in chocolate is largely produced by child slave labour on the Ivory Coast (Chalke; Off), and how considerable amounts of exported sugar, cereals and other crops are slave-produced in certain countries. In 2003, some 32 per cent of US shoppers identified themselves as LOHAS “lifestyles of health and sustainability” consumers, who were, they said, willing to spend more for products that reflected not only ecological, but also social justice responsibility (McLaughlin). Research also confirms that “the pursuit of social objectives … can in fact furnish an organization with the competitive resources to develop effective marketing strategies”, with Doherty and Meehan showing how “social and ethical credibility” are now viable bases of differentiation and competitive positioning in mainstream consumer markets (311, 303). In line with this recognition, Fair Trade Certified goods are now available in British, European, US and, to a lesser extent, Australian supermarkets, and a number of global chains including Dunkin’ Donuts, McDonalds, Starbucks and Virgin airlines utilise Fair Trade coffee and teas in all, or parts of, their operations. Fair Trade Certification indicates that farmers receive a higher than commodity price for their products, workers have the right to organise, men and women receive equal wages, and no child labour is utilised in the production process (McLaughlin). Yet, despite some Western consumers reporting such issues having an impact upon their purchasing decisions, social justice has not become a significant issue of concern for most. The popular cookery publications discussed above devote little space to Fair Trade product marketing, much of which is confined to supermarket-produced adverzines promoting the Fair Trade products they stock, and international celebrity chefs have yet to focus attention on this issue. In Australia, discussion of contemporary slavery in the press is sparse, having surfaced in 2000-2001, prompted by UNICEF campaigns against child labour, and in 2007 and 2008 with the visit of a series of high profile anti-slavery campaigners (including Bales) to the region. The public awareness of food produced by forced labour and the troubling issue of human enslavement in general is still far below the level that climate change and ecological issues have achieved thus far in driving foodway evolution. This may change, however, if a ‘Slow’-inflected connection can be made between Western lifestyles and the plight of peoples hidden from our daily existence, but contributing daily to them. Concluding Remarks At this time of accelerating techno-cultural evolution, due in part to the pressures of climate change, it is the creative potential that human conscious awareness brings to bear on these challenges that is most valuable. Today, as in the caves at Lascaux, humanity is evolving new images and narratives to provide rational solutions to emergent challenges. As an example of this, new foodways and ways of thinking about them are beginning to evolve in response to the perceived problems of climate change. The current conscious transformation of food habits by some in the West might be, therefore, in James Lovelock’s terms, a moment of “revolutionary punctuation” (178), whereby rapid cultural adaption is being induced by the growing public awareness of impending crisis. It remains to be seen whether other urgent human problems can be similarly and creatively embraced, and whether this trend can spread to offer global solutions to them. References An Inconvenient Truth. 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