Dissertations / Theses on the topic '1910's'

My dissertation focuses on the notion of “gesture” as a somatic manifestation of psychological experience. This view of movement was elaborated by late 19th-century psychologists, who gave up the metaphysical notion of the soul in favor of neuro-physiological approaches to behavior. My study shows how the new scientific discourse penetrated into a broader cultural sphere, generating wide interest in the question how the body participates in and reflects affective and cognitive processes. I examine the modes of recording, representing and interpreting body movement as “expressive.” Based on archival materials and periodicals, I chart out avenues by which the ideas and methods of physiological psychology reached artists and writers – a task, which involves evaluating institutional practices and cultural-political trends that promoted interdisciplinary engagements. Ultimately, my study demonstrates how scientific discourse transformed techniques of film acting, prompted film industries’ inquiries into spectators’ physical reactions, and spurred literary scholars’ investigations of poets’ intonation and body movement. Yet, rather than positing the direct influence of science, I attend to a variety of ways in which writers and artists reinterpreted, defamiliarized and resisted the positivist outlook brought forward by physiological psychology. In Chapter 1, I show how Viktor Shklovskii drew on William James’s theory of the corporeal experience of emotion and Wilhelm Wundt’s ideas on the gestural origin of language to discuss Russian Futurist poetry as a “ballet for the organs of speech.” Chapter 2 analyzes Boris Eikhenbaum’s essays on poetic declamation by placing them in the context of the Petrograd Institute of the Living Word. In this organization, Russian Formalists worked alongside speech therapists and psychologists, using parlograph records of poetry performances. I compare their methods of registering poetic intonations to similar endeavors by American phoneticians Edward Scripture and R.H. Stetson. Chapter 3 traces the origins of Lev Kuleshov’s system of film actors’ training, arguing that his ideas emerged at the juncture of avant-garde theater, Pavlovian reflexology, and labor efficiency movement. Chapter 4 considers psycho-physiological approaches to film spectatorship, focusing on American and Soviet efforts to assess the emotional responses of filmgoers by photographing their facial reactions and registering changes in their vital signs.

Cette étude centrée sur le cinéma italien propose de décrire les liens prolifiques et complexes qui se sont noués entre la peinture du XIXe siècle, européenne et surtout italienne, et les films italiens allant de 1905 (La Presa di Roma, Alberini) à 1920 (La serpe, Roberti). Du filon historique aux mélodrames des dive, de la figuration enthousiaste de l’Histoire, au lyrisme de la passion amoureuse, un effet pictural hante les images cinématographiques qui portent en elles « le ferment d’un tableau possible » (Eric Rohmer). Il s’agira donc de penser les formes de partage entre cinéma et peinture, suivant l’étude iconographique de motifs (gestes, postures, décors, accessoires) et d’éléments formels (composition, cadre, échelle des plans, montage) ouvrant sur la question des styles, que le cinéma prolonge et altère : néoclassicisme, académisme, orientalisme, préraphaélisme, symbolisme, Art Nouveau. Ces notions d’esthétique permettent un rapprochement entre l’histoire de l’art et l’histoire du cinéma, et ouvrent sur la question de la survivance des images. Au moment où l’on enregistre sa disparition en faveur de l’abstraction, la peinture figurative du XIXe siècle persiste, se prolonge, et survit au cinéma. En retour, le cinéma italien des années 1910 tire une part de sa vitalité d’une matière picturale qui appartient déjà au passé. Cette recherche met ainsi à jour une série de questions permettant à la fois de revisiter un pan de l’histoire du cinéma italien, peu étudié en France, et plus largement de penser la relation du cinéma aux autres arts
This study centers around Italian cinema and proposes to describe the prolific and complex connections that developed between 19th century painting (European and mostly Italian) and the Italian films from 1905 (La Presa di Roma, Alberini) to 1920 (La Serpe, Roberti). From the historical inspiration to the dive melodramas, from the enthusiastic portrayal of History to the lyricism of passionate love, a pictorial effect haunts these cinematographic images in which can be found « the seed of a possible painting » (Eric Rohmer). Therefore, one needs to reflect on what cinema and painting share, following the iconographical study of figurative (gestures, postures, scenery, props) and formal elements (composition, frame, field size, editing) that lead to the question of the styles that the cinema prolongs and alters : neoclassicism, academism, orientalism, pre-Raphaelitism, symbolism, Art Nouveau. These aesthetic ideas allow for a convergence between the history of art and the history of cinema, which opens the question of the images' survival. At a time when 19th century figurative painting was being replaced by abstract art, it persisted and survived in cinema. In return, Italian cinema of the 1910s drew part of its vitality from pictorial material that already belonged to the past.Thus, this research brings to light a series of questions that allow for both a revisitation of a rarely studied period of the history of Italian cinema and more generally to reflect upon the relationship between cinema and other artforms

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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES
The main purpose of this paper is the first year of publication of the biobibliographic studies, prepared by Geraldo Ferraz (1905-1979) and Patrícia Galvão (1910-1962) in the literary supplement of the Diário de S. Paulo, entitled Anthology of foreign literature, published between November 24, 1946 to November 28, 1948. This research aimed to investigate a sampling of 9 articles that point to a historical moment of tension between the review, whose anecdotal-biographical traits were common in the field of journalism when it comes to literary criticism in the 1940’s, and specialized criticism, most commonly found within the academy. The hypothesis we propose is that this critique is articulated in three strands: firstly, the one whose discursive dominance resides in the sheer dissemination of the work and the author, passing through an intermediary model between review and critical academic commentary, and finally, the third model in which the specialized critical discourse prevails, taking advantage of an aesthetic-literary nature. For this, this study was structured based on the qualitative research to describe, to understand and to explain the forces that stress the critical project developed by the couple of organizers of the column. In this sense, the essay by Flora Süssekind (2002), Rodapés, tratados e ensaios, a formação da crítica brasileira moderna, is the starting point of this research, as well as the works developed by Afrânio Coutinho (1987, 2001, 2004) to understand the phenomenon of Brazilian literary criticism in the 1940s. In addition to contributing to the study of Brazilian literature, this project aims to retrieve the articles published in the column and, thus, to observe how the work of the literary critic was being performed in a period in which systematic academic criticism was being forged as the mainstream
Este trabalho tem por objeto central o primeiro ano de publicação dos estudos biobibliográficos, elaborados por Geraldo Ferraz (1905-1979) e Patrícia Galvão (1910-1962) no suplemento literário do Diário de S. Paulo, intitulados Antologia de literatura estrangeira, publicados entre 24 de novembro de 1946 a 28 de novembro de 1948. Esta pesquisa se propôs a investigar uma amostragem de 9 artigos que apontam para um momento histórico de tensão entre o review, de tratamento anedótico- biográfico, e a crítica especializada. A hipótese que projetamos é a de que essa crítica se articula em três vetores: primeiramente, aquele cuja dominância discursiva reside na divulgação da obra e do autor, passando por um modelo intermediário entre o review e o comentário crítico acadêmico, e, finalmente, o terceiro modelo no qual prevalece o discurso crítico especializado, de cunho estético-literário. Para tanto, este estudo se estruturou com base na pesquisa qualitativa para descrever, compreender e explicitar as forças que tensionam a projeto crítico desenvolvido pelo casal de organizadores da coluna. Nesse sentido, o ensaio de Flora Süssekind (2002), Rodapés, tratados e ensaios, a formação da crítica brasileira moderna, é o ponto de partida dessa investigação, assim como os trabalhos desenvolvidos por Afrânio Coutinho (1987, 2001, 2004) para compreender o fenômeno da crítica literária brasileira, nos anos de 1940. Além de contribuir para o estudo da literatura brasileira, este projeto pretende resgatar os artigos publicados na coluna e, assim, observar como se efetivou o trabalho do crítico literário num período que a crítica sistemática, acadêmica, se configurava enquanto ofício

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Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior
Platynosomum illiciens (Braun 1901) Kossack, 1910, considered by some authors as synonymy of Platynosomum fastosum and Platynosomum concinnum, is the most important trematode found in cats of tropical and subtropical areas, and its prevalence can reach up to 85%. In Brazil it was already found at different localities, but State of Rio de Janeiro is where it presents a higher prevalence and could be found in 56% of the cats. Due to the P. illiciens diagnosis is being done exclusively through the discovery of eggs of this parasite by fecal examination, and this is considered being little sensible, it is necessary the study of complementary tools of diagnosis for the parasite and the hepatic alterations possibly determined by this parasite. Therefore, radiology, ultrasound and computed tomography were used for the evaluation of alterations caused by P. illiciens in order to evidence alterations that aid in the diagnosis of this parasitosis or even to evidenced major alterations caused by the platynosomiasis. A triage was accomplished with 13 animals searching for the presence of P. illiciens eggs in feces. Eight positive cats (61.54%) were found, and submitted to the proposed image diagnosis technics, except for tomography which only seven animals were submitted. The radiologic examination evidenced five animals with enlargement of the liver; one animal was with a normal liver and in two animals the hepatic limits were not observed through the x-ray. In ultrasound scanning, six animals was identified hepatomegaly and in regard of the hepatic parenchyma only one animal presented this parameter altered. All the animals presented normal hepatic vessels and in regard to the biliary ducts, only two animals presented this parameter increased. Besides, the presence of the parasite can be evidenced in one animal during the accomplishment of the ultrasound scanning. In tomography, six cats were observed with enlargement of the liver and in regard to the other findings the results were descriptive. Among the obtained results, it can be concluded that the radiologic study just evaluate the liver size in a restricted way. The ultrasound scanning and computed tomography were considered good diagnostic tools, evaluating with clarity the hepatic size, the hepatic parenchyma, the configuration and width of biliary ducts, the gall bladder and the hepatic vessels.
Platynosomum illiciens (Braun, 1901) Kossack, 1910, considerado por alguns autores como sinon?mia de Platynosomum fastosum e Platynosomum concinnum, ? o mais importante tremat?deo encontrado em gatos de ?reas tropicais e subtropicais, com preval?ncia que pode chegar a 85%. No Brasil j? foi encontrado em diferentes localidades, mas o Estado do Rio de Janeiro ? onde apresenta maior preval?ncia podendo ser encontrado em 56% dos gatos. Devido ao diagn?stico de P. illiciens estar sendo feito exclusivamente atrav?s do achado de ovos deste parasito no exame de fezes, e este ser considerado pouco sens?vel, se faz necess?rio o estudo de meios complementares de diagn?stico do parasito e das poss?veis altera??es hep?ticas determinadas por este. Portanto, o exame radiol?gico, ultra-sonogr?fico e tomogr?fico foram utilizados na avalia??o das altera??es acarretadas pelo parasitismo por P. illiciens a fim de evidenciar altera??es que auxiliassem no diagn?stico desta parasitose ou mesmo evidenciar importantes altera??es causadas pela platinosom?ase. Foi realizada uma triagem em 13 animais em busca de gatos positivos para a presen?a de ovos de P. illiciens nas fezes. Foram encontrados oito gatos positivos (61,54%) os quais foram submetidos aos tr?s exames de diagn?stico por imagem propostos, com exce??o do exame de tomografia no qual apenas sete animais foram submetidos. O exame radiogr?fico evidenciou cinco animais com aumento hep?tico, um animal normal e em dois animais n?o se conseguiu identificar os limites hep?ticos atrav?s da radiografia. Na ultra-sonografia foi poss?vel identificar seis animais com hepatomegalia e em rela??o ao par?nquima apenas um animal apresentou este alterado. Todos os animais apresentaram os vasos hep?ticos normais e em rela??o ?s vias biliares, apenas dois animais apresentaram este par?metro aumentado. Al?m disso, pode-se evidenciar a presen?a do parasito em um animal durante a realiza??o da ultra-sonografia. Na tomografia foram observados seis gatos com o f?gado aumentado e em rela??o aos outros achados os resultados foram descritivos. Dentre os resultados obtidos, pode-se concluir que o exame radiogr?fico serviu apenas para avaliar de forma restrita o tamanho hep?tico. A ultrasonografia e a tomografia computadorizada se mostram como boas ferramentas de diagn?stico, avaliando-se com clareza o tamanho hep?tico, o par?nquima hep?tico, a conforma??o e a espessura das vias biliares, a ves?cula biliar al?m dos vasos hep?ticos.

Thesis (M.A.)--Georgia State University, 2006.
Title from title screen. Ian Christopher Fletcher, committee chair; Duane J Corpis, committee member. Electronic text (180 p.). Description based on contents viewed May 8, 2007. Includes bibliographical references (p. 163-180).

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Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior - CAPES
Conselho Nacional de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento Cient?fico e Tecnol?gico - CNPq
Cette ?tude propose une analyse des fa?ons dont la visualit? critique a ?t? ins?r?e dans le mouvement ouvrier br?silien ? travers la presse ouvri?re et syndicale au d?but du XX?me si?cle, agissant comme un espace de partage sensible. L'objectif principal est de prouver que le projet de constitution d'une identit? de classe au Br?sil, s?est ?galement assis sur une culture visuelle diversifi?e d?tentrice d?une historicit? particuli?re, en m?me temps qu?elle a traduit un effort pour cr?er des liens non seulement entre sujets politiques impliqu?s dans le mouvement, mais aussi avec une tradition figurative, dont les origines remontent ? l'exp?rience fran?aise moderne de production et de reproduction de dessins politiques de profil contestataire. L'exp?rience visuelle produite par le contact entre le dessin ou la caricature et le spectateur est entendu comme un intervalle de temps dans lequel ont ?t? pr?par?es les conceptions particuli?res et collectives appartenant ? la classe ouvri?re. En ce sens, nous avons examin? un total de six publications nationales produites dans l'axe Rio de Janeiro - S?o Paulo entre les ann?es 1910 et 1935, deux d?entre elles de contenu libertaire et anticl?rical (A Lanterna et A Plebe), deux produites par un organisme syndical (O Cosmopolita et Voz Cosmopolita) et deux li?s au Partido Communista do Brazil (A Classe Oper?ria et A Na??o). M?thodologiquement, nous avons d?cid? de travailler avec le classement th?matique des gravures parce que nous pensons que cette approche est celle qui couvre le mieux le volume g?n?reux d'images en notre possession et qui nous a permis d'?tablir des axes th?matiques capables de mieux r?pondre ? nos questions en profondeur, sans, simultan?ment, perdre de vue l'attention aux sp?cificit?s de ces images. ? travers des recherches d?velopp?es sur les archives fran?aises, nous avons pu construire une analyse crois?e avec des images produites par les publications fran?aises de critique sociale de la fin du XIX?me si?cle et d?but du XX?me si?cle, ce qui nous a permis de poursuivre l'enqu?te concernant les nouvelles significations incorpor?es dans les dessins br?siliens. En outre, ce croisement a aussi fourni l'occasion de dresser une g?n?alogie de ces manifestations symboliques qui apparaissent ici comme un outil pour comprendre les nouvelles et multiples significations et m?me les migrations symboliques articul?es par ces images par rapport aux gravures v?hicul?es dans les journaux br?siliens. Cependant, ce que nous cherchons avec cette analyse est d'?tudier la conformation du ? se faire reconna?tre ? et ? de se reconnaitre soim?me ? dans une collectivit? politique qui avait le but de la repr?sentativit?, en prenant l'exp?rience visuelle comme un ballast important pour ce projet identitaire.
O presente estudo prop?e uma an?lise acerca das formas com as quais a visualidade cr?tica foi inserida no movimento oper?rio brasileiro atrav?s da imprensa oper?ria e sindical durante o in?cio do s?culo XX, atuando como um espa?o de partilha do sens?vel. O objetivo central consiste em comprovar que o projeto de constitui??o de uma identidade classista no Brasil, esteve assentado tamb?m numa cultura visual diversificada detentora de uma historicidade que lhe ? particular ao mesmo tempo em que traduziu um esfor?o no sentido de criar v?nculos n?o apenas entre os sujeitos pol?ticos envolvidos com o movimento, mas tamb?m com uma tradi??o figurativa, cujas origens remontam ? experi?ncia francesa moderna de produ??o e reprodu??o de desenhos pol?ticos de perfil contestat?rio. A experi?ncia visual produzida a partir do contato entre o desenho ou a caricatura e o expectador ? entendida enquanto um intervalo de tempo no qual foram elaboradas concep??es particulares e coletivas acerca do que consistia pertencer ? classe oper?ria. Nesse sentido foram examinadas um total de seis publica??es nacionais produzidas no eixo Rio de Janeiro ? S?o Paulo entre os anos de 1910 e 1935, duas de conte?do libert?rio e anticlerical (A Lanterna e A Plebe), duas produzidas por um ?rg?o sindical (O Cosmopolita e Voz Cosmopolita) e duas vinculadas ao Partido Communista do Brazil (A Classe Oper?ria e A Na??o). Metodologicamente optamos por trabalhar com a seria??o tem?tica das gravuras por entendermos que esta abordagem ? a que melhor contempla o volume generoso de imagens que dispomos e que torna poss?vel que estabele?amos eixos tem?ticos capazes de responder aos nossos questionamentos em profundidade, sem perder de vista as especificidades dessas imagens. Em pesquisa desenvolvida junto aos arquivos franceses pudemos construir uma an?lise cruzada com imagens produzidas por publica??es francesas de cr?tica social do final do s?culo XIX e in?cio do XX o que nos possibilitou uma investiga??o mais profunda concernente ?s ressignifica??es incorporadas aos desenhos brasileiros. Al?m disso, esse cruzamento tamb?m nos deu a oportunidade de tra?ar uma genealogia dessas manifesta??es simb?licas que se inserem aqui tamb?m como ferramenta para compreens?o da m?ltiplas ressignifica??es e das pr?prias migra??es simb?licas articuladas por essas imagens em rela??o ?s gravuras veiculadas nos peri?dicos brasileiros. Contudo, o que buscamos com esta tese ? estudar a conforma??o do fazer-se reconhecer e do reconhecer-se dentro de um coletivo pol?tico com fins de representatividade, tomando a experi?ncia visual como um importante lastro desse projeto identit?rio.

Wilhelm worringer anticipa solo una actitud frente a la abstraccion: la de mondrian. El transito hacia la abstraccion fue vivido desde dos actitudes distintas: la primera compulsiva y catarquica: se abre una fisura entre el sujeto y el mundo, y los nuevos vinculos surgiran de una autentica transformacion. La segunda necesita nexos. Se trata de un proceso que conduce a la abstraccion desde inevitables dependencias con lo natural. El origen de las transformaciones de la imagineria pictorica en este siglo deriva, determinantemente, de las restricciones que se imponen al gesto y de las consecuencias del empleo de tecnicas de grabado. La escultura moderna no rodiniana (picasso) proviene de la mutacion escultorica de la pintura. La diagonal es una linea que implica una relacion particular en pintura, porque realmente manifiesta inestabilidad respecto a ella. En rodchenco no hay secuencias desde la pintura: el ataque contra ella es frontal. El analisis de la forma de proceder sistematica en la pintura de seurat obliga a deshacerse de la idea de una correlacion consecuente entre ciencias y pintura. Entre ambas experiencias no existe el vacio, sino una forma de relacion que tiene que ver con el fluir de las ideas de un tiempo, pero ese tipo de transferencias no resisten las exigencias del procedimiento cientifico. Los limites del cubismo los establece, entre otros, juan gris. El nucleo central de esa experiencia (picasso-brake) como constatamos en el analisis del cuaderno 026 de picasso rechaza las estratagemas compositivas. Los hallazgos procesuales implicitos en la experiencia cubista de los años doce-trece (picasso) son transferidos a la arquitectura y lo que sucede en el seno de la vanguardia sovietica es explicable, fundamentalmente, desde ese punto de vista.

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The objective of this dissertation is to understand the development of the ideas and beliefs of Miguel Reale (1910-2006) from the early 1930s to the late 1960s. Important events in Brazil s history took place in these forty years, in which Reale played a key role as both politician and intellectual. We present his political-ideological trajectory during these decades, which involved his participation in the Brazilian Integralist Action (AIB) party; the Vargas administration; the Progressive Social Party (PSP); and his contribution to the coup d état of 1964. We also examine his notions of history and state in his Integralist and post-Integralist phases. Last of all, we examine how in his pre-1964 writings Reale misrepresents class conflicts by referring to them as social chaos, and how after the coup he calls for revolutionary institutionalization, with the legitimization of political repression and wage cuts. This is, in short, an immanent critique of his writing, in J. Chasin s terms, in an attempt to understand the internal connections that inform his ideological output as a whole
O objetivo desta dissertação é compreender o desenvolvimento do ideário de Miguel Reale (1910-2006) entre o início da década de 1930 e final da década de 1960. Esses quarenta anos englobam momentos importantes da história brasileira, nos quais Reale exerceu papel destacado tanto como político quanto como intelectual. Apresentamos, nesses marcos, o seu itinerário político-ideológico, que envolveu a participação na Ação Integralista Brasileira, no Governo Vargas, no Partido Social Progressista e a contribuição para o golpe de Estado de 1964. Efetuamos, também, a exegese de sua concepção de história e de Estado, tendo como limite divisório seus momentos integralista e pós-integralista. Por fim, examinamos como Reale desnatura os conflitos de classes do pré-1964 ao qualificá-los como caos social e, vitorioso o golpe, como defende uma institucionalização revolucionária pautada pela legitimação da repressão política e do arrocho salarial. Trata-se, em síntese, da investigação de seus escritos por meio da análise imanente, nos termos de J. Chasin, buscando compreender as conexões internas que conformam a inteireza de sua produção ideológica

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The proposal of this work is focused on the analysis of social solidarity value and its axiological developments at the framework of the tributary normative system, using as theoretical basis of the questions the Law‟s Tridimensional Theory by Miguel Reale. Initially, I intend to show the essential concepts for understanding the Law‟s Tridimensional Theory designed by Miguel Reale, which leads to the foundations of its ontology and axiology, that finds its nucleus on the value source of the human being in its historic and cultural perspective, as well as on the way of integration between the constitutive elements of legal experience. Once is structured the philosophic foundation of the thesis, it goes to analyze the social solidarity value on its historical contextualization, towards the recognition of the evolution of its meaning over time, to subsequently check its axiological content and its relationship with other values linked to the human person, taking into account the theoretical concepts of Miguel Reale. Besides, I will show social solidarity value as constant or invariant axiological determinant of the formula for ideological integration of the model of the Democratic State of Law described on the constitutional normative complex, that influences the validity of the legal enactment process, as well as the construction of significance of their models, acting in tax normative system, for correlate the duty of collaboration of the community member to pay tax with the right of require for the (or duty of) State of redistribute properly the received riches. Finally, the aim is to consider the axiological effects of the social solidarity directions in the structuring elements of the tax normative system, presenting your decisive penetration in the exercise of the tax powers expressed on the Federal Constitution, determining the necessary relation of reciprocity implication with the ideals reflected in the general principles of the tax law, especially, the contributive ability and the linking of the financial resources
A proposta deste trabalho encontra-se centrada no estudo do valor da solidariedade social e seus desdobramentos axiológicos no âmbito do sistema normativo tributário, utilizando como base teórica das indagações a Teoria Tridimensional do Direito desenvolvida por Miguel Reale. Assim, procura-se, inicialmente, apresentar os conceitos essenciais para compreensão da Teoria Tridimensional do Direito pensada por Miguel Reale, o que conduz aos fundamentos da sua ontologia e axiologia, que tem como núcleo o valor fonte da pessoa humana em sua perspectiva histórico-cultural, bem como ao modo de integração existente entre os elementos constituintes da experiência jurídica. Devidamente estruturado o alicerce filosófico da tese, parte-se para análise do valor da solidariedade social com sua contextualização histórica, visando ao reconhecimento da evolução de seu significado ao longo dos tempos, para, posteriormente, ser verificada a extensão de seu conteúdo axiológico e suas relações com os demais valores ligados à pessoa humana, se valendo das concepções teóricas realeanas. Em seguida, insere-se o valor da solidariedade social como constante ou invariante axiológica determinante da fórmula de integração ideológica do modelo de Estado Democrático de Direito descrita no complexo normativo constitucional, que influencia a validade do processo de produção de normas jurídicas, assim como da construção de significado dos respectivos modelos, atuando, inclusive, no sistema normativo tributário, para correlacionar o dever de colaboração do membro da comunidade de pagar tributos ao direito de exigir (ou dever) do Estado de redistribuir adequadamente as riquezas arrecadadas. Por fim, pretende-se considerar os efeitos axiológicos da solidariedade social sentidos nos elementos estruturantes do sistema normativo tributário, apresentando sua penetração decisiva no exercício das competências tributárias expressas na Constituição Federal, determinando a necessária relação de implicação reciprocidade com seus ideais refletidos nos princípios gerais de direito tributário, especialmente, a capacidade contributiva e a afetação dos recursos financeiros arrecadados

Andrew Wyeth reste une figure contestée de l'art américain. Sa valeur marchande a atteint des sommets et la ferveur populaire à son égard ne s'est jamais démentie, alors que les historiens d'art et les critiques n'ont eu de cesse de s'interroger sur l'intérêt de son art, même depuis sa mort en 2009. Peintre figuratif depuis le début de sa carrière dans les années quarante, il fut rattaché tour à tour au Réalisme magique, puis au Régionalisme, du fait d'une propension marquée à dépeindre des scènes qualifiées d'étranges et d'un choix de sujets issus principalement d'un contexte rural, au moyen d'une technique de représentation extrêmement précise. La finalité de ce travail est de replacer l'art d'Andrew Wyeth dans la tradition de la peinture réaliste américaine et occidentale , en mettant à jour le dialogue entre l'artiste et ses prédécesseurs, notamment en ce qui concerne la représentation des paysages américains au travers du topos de la pastorale. La traditionnelle classification de son oeuvre dans l'histoire de l'art américain se trouve ainsi remise en question. Cette approche nécessite une mise au point théorique sur les concepts de réalisme et de réalité, que Wyeth interroge de manière discrète, en creux. Nous découvrons ainsi une oeuvre relativement complexe sur le plan formel (oscillant entre figuration et abstraction en particulier au niveau du travail sur la matière picturale), obsessionnelle quant au choix des sujets, et traversée par la question de la représentation de la figure de l'auteur, présence omnipotente mais demeurant esclave de symptômes que le peintre n'a eu de cesse de figurer en peinture
Andrew Wyeth is still a controversial figure in American art. Throughout his life the market value of his works increased along with his status as a fine artist acclaimed by the general public. Still, even his death in 2009 did not stop art historians and critics from questioning his legitimacy as a "serious" artist. He began his career as a figurative painter in the 1940s, and resolutely stuck to the genre. He was labeled a Magic Realist and a Regionalist, on account of his numerous depictions of "uncanny" rural scenes by means of sharp focus realism. This dissertation replaces Wyeth's artwork into the Western and American traditions of realistic painting and highlights his contant creative dialogue with his predecessors. Particular attention is paid to his representation of the American landscape and the pastoral topos in order to reassess his position in the history of American art. This reevaluation is based on the questioning of realism and reality, two notions that are consistently challenged by the artist, albeit indirectly. Wyeth's art thus appears far more complex than it may seem at first glance, poised between figuration and abstraction throught its painterly attention to textures. It resolves around an obsessive choice of themes and questions the representation of the figure of the author, ubiquitous yet exemplifying symptoms that he relentlessly depicted in his paintings

Tese (doutorado)—Universidade de Brasília, Instituto de Ciências Humanas, Programa de Pós-Graduação em História, 2012.
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Em Santa Catarina, no contexto das tensões sociopolíticas experimentadas na década de 1910, um movimento religioso desencadeou uma rebelião de proporções não vistas desde Canudos. Batizado pela historiografia nacional de Guerra do Contestado, esse episódio estendeu-se de 1912 a 1916, abrangendo mais de 25 mil quilômetros quadrados e matando milhares de pessoas. Para os rebeldes, o conflito foi uma guerra santa anunciada por profecias. Evento em que, à frente de um Exército celestial ou encantado, o mártir católico S. Sebastião foi escolhido para restaurar a monarquia e inaugurar um século de fartura e felicidade. Este trabalho tem por objetivo estudar a devoção ao mártir católico S. Sebastião no Contestado e a relação desta prática religiosa com a crença no retorno do rei Encoberto D. Sebastião, desaparecido na batalha de Alcácer Quibir, em 1578. Acredita-se que, mediante um processo de reelaboração dos símbolos e significados da religiosidade, no Contestado não mais o rei Encoberto, mas o mártir católico é quem entrara em cena no comando de um Exército. A tese central é que o fenômeno histórico do Contestado encontrará melhor compreensão no estudo das crenças que fundamentaram a representação coletiva das pessoas que integraram o movimento rebelde. ______________________________________________________________________________ ABSTRACT
In the state of Santa Catarina, in the context of the social and political tensions in 1910s, a religious movement triggered a rebellion not seen in Brazil since Canudos. Called by Brazilian historiography “Guerra do Contestado”, the conflict spread from 1912 to 1916, spanning more than 25 thousand square kilometers and killing thousands of people. For the rebels, the conflict was a “holy war” announced by prophecies. In this event, ahead of a celestial army (or “hidden” army), the Catholic martyr St. Sebastian was chosen to restore the monarchy and to inaugurate a century of plenty and happiness. This work aims at analysing the devotion to martyr St. Sebastian in the Contestado and the relationship with the belief in the return of the hidden king D. Sebastian, who disappeared in the battle of Alcácer Quibir, 1578. Through a process of reworking of the symbols and religious meanings, in the Contestado not a “Hidden King” is expected anymore, but the Catholic martyr is the one who had entered in scene in the command of a army. The central thesis is that the historical phenomenon of Brazil’s Contestado rebellion finds understanding in the study of beliefs that underlie the collective representation of people who joined the rebel movement.

Nous avons tente de definir dans cette these ce qui constitue "le feminin chez jean genet" dans la poetique de l'auteur (vingtieme siecle). Nous nous employons a montrer l'impulsion fondamentale du genre feminin et de la feminite dans l'ecriture de jean genet a travers ses poemes, recits, pieces de theatre et scenarios, en respectant une certaine evolution chronologique du sujet. Nous traitons notamment de l'ambivalence des nombreux personnages masculins partages entre "il" et "elle", a la fois masculins et feminins. Nous definissons l'origine du choix et les mecanismes qui font d'un etre un personnage feminin. Nous abordons ainsi l'enfance, l'heterosexualite, les couples a trois, l'homosexualite, l'inceste, le travestisme, le transsexualisme qui nous permettent de definir les cliches entourant la notion de genre et de montrer comment genet fait eclater de telles limites. Au sein meme de l'ecriture, nous montrons comment de facon insidieuse, puis de plus en plus manifeste, l'ecrivain impose le feminin pour renverser les barrieres sociales, raciales, politiques. La lutte pour la reconnaissance d'un genre devient celle au sens large, de tous les opprimes qui, comme les femmes, ont a souffir d'une quelconque oppression. Nous analysons comment genet a partir des exclus se rapproche peu a peu de la femme que nous etudions plus particulierement. L'auteur a travers des themes poetiques et politiques part a la recherche de la mere, la femme qu'il n'a jamais connue. Nous avons defini cette quete d'une image absolue
The dissertation is an attempt to delimitate the concept of feminine in jean genet's poetic work of the twentieth century. In his poems, narrations, plays, scripts i tryed to show the fundamental source of the feminine gender and femininity in jean genet's writing as well as the evolution of the topic through his wor. This concept of femininity took various forms among which one of the most prevailent certainly is the ambivalence of his male characters shared between "he" and "she", at once masculine and feminine. I defined the origine of the choice and, indeed, the very mechanisms which make up the feminine character. I then consider childhood, heterosexuality, threesomes, homosexuality, incest, tranvestism, transsexualism which allows me to define the cliches surrounding the notion of gender and hence i show how genet usurps such cliches by pushing back the limits. He roots that sexual transgression is in the process of writing itself and in so doing insidiously imposes the feminine as a tool to reverse social, racial, political barriers. The struggle for the aknowledgment of a gender becomes, to a larger extent that of all the oppressed who, like women, have to suffer from whatever oppression. I analysed how genet shifted from the notion of marginality to the notion of femininity as an other way of an other form of exclusion. Through the poetic and political themes, the author embarks on a search for the "mother", the "woman" he has never known. I have finally revealed this quest of an absolute image

William Burroughs's profane life has been an affront to conventional morality, and his transgressive works have strained against the thematic and formal boundaries of literature. Although he has remained a problematic figure, he is gradually gaining recognition as a literary innovator. This thesis argues that his writings may be understood as technologies of the self, that is, the texts are tools that the writer Oses to transform himself. The Introduction outlines the problems that his writings pose for criticism; provides an overview of critical responses to his work; and demonstrates the appropriateness of Michel Foucault's theory of the technologies of the self as an approach to his texts. Furthermore, it makes a comparison between Burroughs's concerns and similar concerns evident in Foucault. The most prominent of these is a fear of control, and a desire to escape from control. It is argued that this similarity arises from the writers' shared experience of homosexuality in the twentieth century. This experience provokes them to undertake a·work of homographesis, in which they attempt to undermine the construction of identity in text, whilst simultaneously reinscribing identity in problematized autobiographical writing. Chapter One provides a corrective to the critical neglect of Burroughs's homosexuality and focuses on his sexual problematic as a key factor in the development of his literary style. It argues that the writer has an abject imagination that was precipitated by three principal traumatic experiences: his homosexuality, his addiction to opiates, and the accidental shooting of his wife. The chapter examines the way that the writer develops his unique literary style, the routine, in an attempt to express his psychic disintegration. The routine becomes the basic building block of Naked Lunch, serving both as a cathartic release of psychic anguish and as an attempt to subvert repressive social and linguistic structures. The metaphor of the anal aesthetic is introduced to describe the intersection of linguistic, psychic and political strategies in the texts. Chapter Two addresses the period,subsequent to Naked Lunch, in which Burroughs experimented extensively with the cut-up technique to develop a form of aleatory collage. The chapter argues that the writer hoped that the technique would enable him to transform himself and to~discover a new way of thinking, but suggests that its extreme nature both isolated him from his audience and intensified his psychic abjection. Chapter Three follows on from this to argue that the writer responds to the limitations of the cut-up in The Wild Boys by returning to a more intelligible form of writing. This return corresponds with an attempt to inscribe homosexual themes into his work directly. However, the combination of a homosexual agenda and the writer's defence against the identity loss of abjection leads him to assert a radical masculine identity that causes him to perceive women as the chief perpetrators of control. As a result, he rejects women from his mythological system. Chapter Four suggests that in Cities of the Red Night and The Place of Dead Roads the writer moves away from the radical queer agenda of The Wild Boys in the hope of discovering a form of ethics that avoids the traps of universalized humanism and the harsh "othering" of the queer agenda. The chapter draws a parallel between Burroughs's individualized ethics and Foucault's idea of an ethics grounded in aesthetic self-fashioning. Chapter Five examines The Western Lands, in which the writer confronts death in order to discover the nature of individual value in a normalized culture. Like Foucault, Burroughs believes that the most important task in a limited existence is the dandyistic creation of the self.

Cette thèse, qui a pour sujet le genre de l'immigration et de la naturalisation à travers l'exemple marseillais de 1918 à 1940, entend croiser l'histoire des femmes et du genre et celle de l'immigration. Elle s'inscrit dans l'approche renouvelée des politiques d'immigration et des populations qui s'intéresse au rôle agissant des représentations, aux interactions entre les acteurs des politiques et les individus concernés, en particulier par l'étude des pratiques administratives. Cette recherche qui articule échelle nationale et locale s'appuie sur une analyse critique de sources diverses : archives préfectorales, archives de ministères, sources imprimées (études statistiques, ouvrages divers, presse, etc. ). L'objet de cette étude est d'interroger, dans la France des décennies 1920 et 1930 pétrie de préoccupations économiques et démographiques mais aussi secouée par des crises économiques, le poids du genre dans l'exclusion et l'intégration des immigrants à différents niveaux : les discours et les représentations, les flux d'immigration et leur comptage, les politiques d'immigration, le marché du travail et l'acquisition de la nationalité française (par décret et par mariage). Plus largement cette thèse entend contribuer à la compréhension de la construction de l'État-nation dans une perspective sexuée
This thesis addresses issues of gender in immigration and naturalization through the example of Marseilles from 1918 to 1940 by comparing the history of women and gender with the history of immigration. It adopts a new approach to immigration and population policies that examines the role of representations and of interactions between policy makers and individuals, particularly through the study of administrative practices. This research, conducted at both the national and local level, is based on a critical analysis of diverse sources: prefectorial and ministerial archives, printed materials (statistical studies, diverse publications, newspapers, etc. ). The aim of this study is to question how gender has affected the exclusion and integration of immigrants in a historical context marked by economic and demographic crises in France during the 1920s and 1930s. Different levels of analysis are reviewed: speeches and representations, immigration flows and headcount, immigration policies, the labour market, acquisition of citizenship (by decree or by marriage). Further, this thesis contributes to a broader understanding of the construction of a Nation-State from a gender perspective

Entre 1910 et 1960, la Roumanie passe d’un pays agricole dominé par l’idéal de l’État-nation à une république socialiste sous le contrôle de l’URSS, tout en ayant traversé le stade de dictature « nationaliste » alliée à l’Allemagne nazie. Cette thèse explore, dans ce contexte, l’évolution des conceptions des dirigeants politiques, des planificateurs et des architectes quant au rôle et aux moyens d’action de l’État dans le domaine du logement aidé. Quelles catégories sociales sont privilégiées pendant les différents régimes politiques qui se succèdent au pouvoir ? Les idéologies officielles de ces régimes façonnent-elles effectivement les politiques publiques, les stratégies d’aménagement urbain et les projets architecturaux ? En somme, comment le politique influe-t-il sur la création de l’espace urbain ? Cette thèse relativise l’idée selon laquelle le mode d’habiter et de concevoir la ville et le logement obéissent, en Roumanie, à des séquences historiques séparées et dépendent pleinement des idéologies des régimes successifs. Elle explore par là-même l’émergence d’une « ville socialiste » faite de ruptures et de continuités avec les périodes précédentes, tout en étant le fruit d’une multiplicité d’acteurs et d’idées divergentes
From 1910 to 1960, Romania turns from an agricultural country dominated by the ideal of a « nation state » into a socialist republic controlled by the USSR, being in between a « nationalist » dictatorship allied to Nazi Germany. In this historical context this paper explores the evolution of the way political leaders, city planners and architects conceived the role played by the state and the tools that it can use in the field of public aids to housing. Which social categories are particularly privileged by these different political regimes? Are official ideologies really embedded in public policies, in city planning strategies and in architectural projects realized during these regimes? Moreover, by which means and to which extent do political discourses shape urban space? This paper puts into perspective the idea that the conceptions regarding the city and housing in Romania follow historical sequences that are completely distinct from each other and that are the product of political ideologies. Thus it investigates the emergence of a “socialist city”, made up of ruptures and of continuities, and produced by a multiplicity of actors and of divergent ideas

Ce mémoire s'intéresse au traitement des thèmes de l'amour et de la sexualité dans les recueils La Fraise noire et La Demoiselle sauvage, de Corinna Bille. Privilégiant une approche thématique, inspirée de la démarche de Jean-Pierre Richard, l'analyse vise à montrer que les nouvelles inscrivent les thèmes de l'amour et de la sexualité dans la perspective plus vaste d'une quête d'unité, qui à la fois leur donne forme et les dépasse. Amour et sexualité seraient ainsi pensés en fonction d'une communion idéale de conscience et de corps avec l'aimé, qui permettrait aux personnages de renouer avec une unité d'avant la faute. L'échec de cette tentative, manifesté par la désillusion amoureuse et la mort finale des amants, amène à interroger les rapports entre innocence et connaissance, fantasme et désillusion, origine et fin, qui structurent l'ensemble des nouvelles. L'hypothèse démontrée au fil du travail est que la quête d'unité reproduit une logique cyclique : confrontés dans le monde terrestre à l'impossibilité de rejoindre l'autre, les personnages tendent vers une mort pensée non seulement comme fin, mais également comme possibilité de renouer avec l'unité primordiale. Dans un premier temps, l'analyse se concentre sur les présages de la désillusion amoureuse disséminés à même la quête d'unité des personnages, et révèle que l'idéal poursuivi porte en lui son propre échec. Dans un deuxième temps, le mémoire s'efforce de relever les diverses réappropriations textuelles de la chute chrétienne, pour montrer comment la désillusion amoureuse s'articule autour de la dichotomie biblique entre innocence et connaissance, et comment les personnages parviennent à la dépasser dans leur quête d'un au-delà terrestre ou céleste.

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The aim of this research is the PNAIC graduation course of literacy teachers, which took place in Osasco city in 2013. The general objective is to understand how the course proposal and didactics are present in two graduated teacher´s pedagogical practice and professional constitution. The specific objectives would be: 1) Generate records about the course, by collecting, organizing information and modus operandi description; 2) Analyze the course according to the bibliography considered in this paper, by emphasizing its connection with municipal, state, national and international policies of literacy promotion and teacher´s continued formation; 3) Present the portfolio of two teachers in formation, as instruments of their own formation process. 4) Analyze in the portfolio the elements that were produced and its close relation with the course proposal (directives and objectives), by illustrating how each pedagogue has appropriated of the course contents; and 5) Elaborate and understand the impacts in two pedagogues in formation, by analyzing the content and elements of the semi structured interviews. It was taken the assumption that it is possible to verify by portfolio and interview content analysis, the pedagogue formation proposal effectiveness present in National Pact for Literacy in the Right Age (PNAIC), in pedagogic practice and teacher's professionalism. This research of qualitative intent will be constituted mainly of three methodological procedures: (1) theoretical and document study, (2) portfolio analysis and (3) open questionnaire.
La presente investigación tiene como objetivo el curso de graduar de profesores alfabetizadores del PNAIC ocurrido en el municipio de Osasco en el año 2013, siendo objetivo general comprender cómo las propuestas formativa y didáctica del curso se constituyeron y se hicieron presentes en la práctica pedagógica y en la constitución de la " profesionalidad docente de dos profesoras del curso. Se definen como objetivos específicos: 1) Producir registros sobre el curso por medio de la recolección y organización de informaciones y descripción del modus operandi del mismo; 2) Analizar el curso de acuerdo con los referenciales teóricos utilizados en este trabajo para resaltar el vínculo de éste con las políticas internacionales, nacionales, estatales y municipales de promoción de la alfabetización y de formación continuada de profesores; 3) Presentar los portafolios de dos profesoras del curso como instrumentos del proceso formativo de las mismas; 4) Analizar en los portafolios los elementos producidos en íntima relación con la propuesta del curso (sus directrices y objetivos) dando a conocer cómo cada profesora adquirió los contenidos trabajados en el curso; y 5) Comprender los impactos en la formación y en la actuación de las los del curso / docentes a partir de los elementos que serán presentados en las entrevistas semiestructuradas que sean realizadas. Partiendo de la hipótesis de que es posible verificar por medio del análisis de los portafolios y de los cuestionarios, la efectividad de la propuesta de graduación de profesores presente en el Pacto Nacional por la Alfabetización en la Edad Correcta (PNAIC) en la práctica pedagógica y en la profesionalidad docente. Este estudio cualitativo estará formado fundamentalmente por tres pasos metodológicos: (1) estudio teórico y documental, (2) análisis de portafolios, y (3) cuestionario abierto.
A presente pesquisa tem como objeto o curso de formação de professores alfabetizadores do PNAIC ocorrido no município de Osasco no ano de 2013, sendo objetivo geral compreender, por meio da análise dos portfólios produzidos por duas professoras cursistas e das respostas das mesmas a um questionário, como as propostas formativa e didática do curso se constituíram e se fizeram presentes na prática pedagógica, e na constituição da profissionalidade docente destas duas professoras alfabetizadoras. Configuram-se como objetivos específicos: 1) Produzir registros sobre o curso por meio da coleta e organização de informações e descrição do modus operandi do mesmo; 2) Analisar o curso de acordo com os referenciais teóricos utilizados neste trabalho de modo a ressaltar a ligação deste com as políticas internacionais, nacionais, estaduais e municipais de promoção da alfabetização e de formação continuada de professores; 3) Apresentar os portfólios de duas professoras cursistas como instrumentos do processo formativo das mesmas; 4) Analisar nos portfólios os elementos produzidos em íntima relação com a proposta do curso (suas diretrizes e objetivos) dando a ver como cada professora apropriou-se dos conteúdos trabalhados no curso; e 5) Elaborar entendimento sobre os impactos na formação e na atuação das duas professoras alfabetizadoras autoras dos portfólios, partindo dos elementos a serem apresentados em um questionário. Partiu-se da hipótese de que é possível verificar por meio da análise dos portfólios e das respostas das professoras alfabetizadoras a um questionário, a efetividade da proposta de formação de professores presente no Pacto Nacional pela Alfabetização na Idade Certa (PNAIC) na prática pedagógica e na profissionalidade docente. Essa pesquisa de cunho qualitativo será constituída, principalmente, de três procedimentos metodológicos: (1) estudo teórico e documental, (2) análise de portfólios e (3) questionário aberto.

PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRO
Esta tese representa a segunda parte da pesquisa: Razão e Psicanálise. A pesquisa tem por objetivo investigar, no âmbito do contemporâneo debate epistemológico anglo-saxão, os fundamentos epistemológicos da teoria psicanalítica e se a mesma se apresenta como um competente instrumento de investigação para o fenômeno da loucura. A primeira parte da tese corresponde a um resumo atualizado de diversas avaliações filosóficas da psicanálise, na tradição em que se desenvolve a pesquisa. São apresentadas as avaliações de: Karl Popper, Adolf Grünbaum, Gregório Klimovsky e a crítica e alternativa de Larry Laudan acerca dos impasses da epistemologia anglo-saxã. Segue-se a avaliação de Marcia Cavell, já no âmbito da moderna filosofia da linguagem, iniciando-se assim a segunda parte da pesquisa. Em seguida discutimos: Wittgenstein e a Psicanálise - sua complexa relação com a proposta freudiana, seu entusiasmo e crítica. Fazemos uma avaliação própria da contribuição de Wittgenstein, articulando-a com um desenvolvimento da psicanálise: a teoria de relações de objeto. Dentro desta, tomamos a vertente kleiniana como referencial e, em particular, as contribuições de W. R. Bion. O Caso Schreber (Freud,1911) é apresentado e discutido como um estudo de caso, com o objetivo de avaliar a validade das noções filosófica e psicanalíticas expostas anteriormente; especialmente as noções de irracionalismo interno (em Cavell) e as de formas de vida e certeza (em Wittgenstein). A tese propõe que se veja o delírio (como paradigma da loucura) como: uma bizarra forma de vida, sugerindo também alguns candidatos a invariantes para o fenômeno da loucura nos diversos contextos. Discutimos sumariamente a relação: terapia filosófica e psicanálise. A tese tem como pano de fundo o que se denominou: a crise da psicanálise, a qual inserimos em outra, mais ampla e de longa duração: a crise da modernidade. A tese privilegia a dimensão clínica do projeto psicanalítico, propondo novas perspectivas para o mesmo, sobretudo, através de sua dimensão de crítica da cultura, chamando a atenção para os dois aspectos - clínico e cultural - na obra de Freud e a importância de estabelecer suas diferenças e relações.
This thesis represents the second part of the research: Reason and Psychoanalysis. The research aims to investigate, within the contemporary Anglo- Saxon debate, the epistemological foundations of psychoanalytical theory and whether it presents itself as an adequate tool for investigating madness and its manifestations. The first part of the thesis corresponds to a current summary of philosophical appraisals of psychoanalysis, in the traditional field of research development. It presents the following appraisals: Karl Popper s, Adolf Grünbaum s, Gregorio Klimovsky´s and Larry Laudan s criticism and alternative regarding Anglo-Saxon epistemology. The next appraisal is Marcia Cavell s one, already in the scope of the modern philosophy of language, initiating the second part of research. The next topic is: Wittgenstein and Psychoanalysis - his complex relation to the Freudian proposal, his enthusiasm and criticism. We show our own appraisal of Wittgenstein s contribution, linking it to a development of psychoanalysis: the object-relation theory. From the latter we took the Kleinian vision as referential and particularly W. R. Bion s contributions. The Case of Schreber (Freud,1911) is presented and investigated as a case study, with the aim of evaluating the validity of the philosophical and psychoanalytic notions previously exposed; particularly the notions of internal irrationalism (Cavell) and ways of living and certainty (Wittgenstein). The thesis suggests that delusion (taken as a paradigm of madness) may be seen as: a bizarre way of living, also suggesting some candidates as invariants for madness and its manifestations in varied contexts. We briefly discuss the relation between philosophical therapy and psychoanalysis. The background to the thesis is identified as what is known as the crisis of psychoanalysis, which we have placed within another, more comprehensive and durable one, the crisis of modernity. The thesis favours the clinical dimension of psychoanalytic project, suggesting new perspectives for it, through its dimension as a critique of culture. It calls attention to the two facets - clinical and cultural - of Freud´s work and the importance of establishing their differences and relations.

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As estrat?gias que homens e mulheres dos Campos de Cima da Serra adotaram para sobreviver ao cotidiano marcado pela viol?ncia s?o quest?es que permeiam este estudo. Priorizam-se, todavia as quest?es femininas, as mulheres v?timas e os agentes da viol?ncia. Esses elementos imiscuem-se nas redes que permeiam o cotidiano, pautado pelo ideal masculino; tamb?m se evidencia que a Modernidade estende os seus tent?culos, mas n?o abrange a todos. O que se constata ? que sujeitos espec?ficos s?o os que andam na contraven??o estabelecida pela ordem.

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Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior
Dans cette ?tude, j'ai eu comme objectif d'?tablir les connexions et/ou les non-connexions dans les discours journalistiques sur la modernit? p?dagogique, dans les journaux O Correio de Aracaju (Le Courrier d'Aracaju, Sergipe, Br?sil) et O S?culo (Le Si?cle, Portugal), dans la p?riode 1910-1920. J'ai tout particuli?rement cherch? le dit dans les journaux, dans le sens foucaldien du terme, en continu dialogue avec d'autres auteurs, dans une perspective interdisciplinaire. J'ai tent? de r?pondre ? mon interrogation initiale : quelles sont les connexions et non connexions que l'on pourrait ?tablir entre l'?cole Moderne du Portugal et celle de Sergipe, au Br?sil, en prenant comme source d'analyse les discours journalistiques dans des journaux des deux pays ? ? partir de ce questionnement, ? travers un abordage historico-comparatif interculturel, j'ai soutenu la TH?SE que les discours journalistiques du S?culo et du Correio de Aracaju, bien qu'ils rel?vent de genres journalistiques diff?rents quant au niveau de d?veloppement de la presse, ont traduit une perception et une assimilation de la modernit? p?dagogique articul?es ? une m?me epist?m?. Ainsi, ces discours ont ?merg? comme objets m?tis, dont la cr?ation s'est faite dans des interlocutions, ?changes, impositions et d?bats dans un processus continu de communication interculturelle. La nature messianique de ces discours, dans le syst?me d'id?es r?publicain, traduisait le sens de la modernit? p?dagogique pr?tendue et diffus?e par les textes qui exprimaient l'aspiration de rupture et de progr?s, tant au Portugal que dans l'?tat br?silien de Sergipe. Il a ?galement ?t? possible de faire des approximations/comparaisons entre la dispute (article d'opinion), dans le Correio de Aracaju et l'enqu?te (interview et reportage), dans O S?culo et de souligner ainsi les connexions et/ou non-connexions pr?sentes sur le th?me de la modernit? p?dagogique dans les discours journalistiques
Neste estudo, tive como objetivo estabelecer as conex?es e/ou desconex?es nos discursos jornal?sticos sobre a modernidade pedag?gica nos jornais o Correio de Aracaju (Sergipe/Brasil) e de O S?culo (Portugal), no per?odo de 1910 a 1920. Busquei, especialmente, o dito nos jornais, no sentido foucaultiano, em cont?nuo di?logo com outros autores, em uma perspectiva interdisciplinar. Procurei responder a minha indaga??o inicial: quais as conex?es e desconex?es que poderia estabelecer entre a Escola Moderna de Portugal e a de Sergipe/Brasil, tomando como fonte de an?lise os discursos jornal?sticos em jornais de ambos os pa?ses? A partir deste questionamento e mediante uma abordagem hist?rico-comparativa intercultural, defendi a TESE de que os discursos jornalisticos de O S?culo e do Correio de Aracaju, a despeito de trazerem g?neros jornal?sticos diferenciados face ao n?vel de desenvolvimento da imprensa, traduziram uma percep??o e assimila??o da modernidade pedag?gica articulada a uma mesma ?pist?m?. Assim, os referidos discursos emergiram, enquanto objeto mesti?o, cuja cria??o se deu nas interlocu??es, trocas, imposi??es, exposi??es e debates num processo cont?nuo de comunica??o intercultural. A natureza messi?nica desses discursos, dentro do ide?rio republicano, traduzia o sentido da modernidade pedag?gica pretendida e difundida pelos impressos que sintonizavam o anseio de ruptura e de progresso, tanto em Portugal quanto em Sergipe/Brasil. Foi poss?vel ainda fazer aproxima??es/compara??es entre a querela (artigo de opini?o) no Correio de Aracaju, e o inqu?rito (entrevista e reportagem), em O S?culo destacando, assim, as conex?es e/ou desconex?es presentes sobre a modernidade pedag?gica nos discursos jornal?sticos

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The present work is result of the nearness between geography and food and, aim the manners of eat in a context of reality like possibility of geographical investigation. It moderator for the man and your relations with the nature, with the social circle, with the people and with the place, to come into of production s manners of foods offered to know the relation of the men with the nature, the your organization social space and your relations with others actors, in the first chapter, we looked for the theorical fundamentation, finding in the cultural geography, the dialogue necessary to settle the categories of place, lived space, representations, food habits and support it. The register of cities of small region of Vão do Paranã in the goiano northeast and the informations of permanent and temporary farm works, having like prominent the city Guarani de Goiás made present. The second chapter, the confrontation between theory and practical beginning empirically the grasp of the manners of eat of the group in the city Guarani de Goiás, trying to explain the meanings of symbolic nature in the cycle of plant, pick, prepare and eat the foods. In the manners of prepare the foods made mister a space preparation of the food, in it the possibility of observe the scene pursued the social relations that established by means of food. In this space stressing the woman like main actress, understanding that she is producing and keeping of feed traditions and consequently cultural traditions in group in that is inserted. For that reason this dialogue between the make hers and the our interpretation, that allow to notice the beat, the auto sufficiency of foods, the relations, and the interior and external conflict that .The third chapter, reproduce the event mutirão of cassava´s flour and the production of rapadura, focusing in yours similarities, and differences, activities that cross and manifest values and identities local. The reflection about food brought the necessity of reflect too the hunger, like form of become it discussable. Clipping too was dedicated the participation of Brazil Kitchen a movable course of feed education, that multiply the concept of healthy and hygienic food. To deduce and interpret a city Guarani de Goiás one of municipal of goiano northeast was evidenced a municipal district segregated and conflict, however, a city that is a place of existence and the reproductions of men s life that like any human vacuum evolutions and opportunities
O presente trabalho é resultado da aproximação entre Geografia e Alimentação e aponta os modos de se alimentarem num contexto de realidade como possibilidade de investigação geográfica, mediados pelo homem e suas relações com a natureza, com o meio, com as pessoas e com o lugar. Adentrar os modos de produção de alimentos proporcionou conhecer a relação do homem com a natureza, a sua organização sócioespacial e suas relações com outros atores. No primeiro capítulo, buscou-se a fundamentação teórica da Geografia Cultural, o diálogo necessário para assentar as categorias lugar, espaço vivido, representações, hábitos alimentares e sustentá-las. O registro das cidades da Microrregião do Vão do Paranã no Nordeste Goiano e os dados das lavouras permanentes e temporárias, tendo como destaque a cidade de Guarani de Goiás fizeram-se presentes. No segundo capítulo, procedeu-se ao embate entre a teoria e a prática, iniciando-se empiricamente, a compreensão dos modos de se alimentar dos grupos sociais de Guarani de Goiás, para explicar os significados da natureza simbólica no ciclo de plantar, colher, preparar e comer. Nos modos de preparar os alimentos se fez mister uma interpretação espacial da cozinha; nela, a possibilidade de visualizar o cenário perseguido as relações sociais que se estabelecem por meio da alimentação. Nesse espaço, enfatizando a mulher como atriz principal, entendendo que ela é produtora e mantenedora das tradições alimentares e, conseqüentemente culturais, no grupo que se insere. Esse diálogo entre o fazer da mulher e a nossa interpretação nos permitiu e nos levou a perceber o ritmo, a auto-suficiência dos alimentos, as relações e os conflitos interiores e exteriores que os perpassam. O terceiro capítulo reproduz o evento mutirão de farinha de mandioca e a produção de rapadura, enfocando-os em suas semelhanças e diferenças, atividades que se cruzam e manifestam valores e identidades locais. A reflexão sobre alimentação trouxe a necessidades de também refletir sobre a fome, como forma de tomá-la discutível. Recorte também foi dedicado à participação da Cozinha Brasil um curso de educação alimentar móvel, que multiplica o conceito de alimentação saudável, higiênica e de baixo custo. Depreender e interpretar a cidade de Guarani de Goiás, um dos municípios do Nordeste Goiano, foi evidenciar um município segregado e conflituoso, entretanto, um lugar de existência e reproduções de vida de homens e mulheres que, como qualquer ser humano, aspiram à evolução e oportunidades.

La tesi ripercorre il rapporto tra il cattolicesimo politico tedesco - coagulatosi attorno al partito del Zentrum nel 1870 - e la S. Sede durante i pontificati di Leone XIII e Pio X.
The thesis aims to describe the relationship between political catholicism, the Zentrumspartei, and the Holy See during the papacies of Leo XIII and Pius X.

Les pratiques éducatives qui favorisent le bien-être de l'enfant à l'école constituent l’objet de cette thèse, qui s’inscrit dans le champ des recherches, en sciences de l’éducation, traitant des innovations pédagogiques, et participe de la visée d'une « école suffisamment bonne » qu'appelle de ses voeux Jeanne Moll. Dans cette optique, notre recherche porte sur les écoles se réclamant aujourd'hui du courant historique de l'Éducation nouvelle, qui inscrivent le bien-être de l'enfant à l'école au coeur de leur pédagogie. Bien que peu nombreuses, elles actualisent le paradigme de l’Éducation nouvelle forgé au début du 20ème siècle, centré sur l’enfant. Pour l’étude des pratiques éducatives qui s’y développent, cette thèse adopte une démarche socio-historique. Elle part d’une exploration du présent de ces écoles pour remonter à leurs sources et précédents historiques. En termes de méthode, elle procède, d’une part, par une enquête sociologique de type « recherche collaborative », d’autre part, par une enquête historique portant sur des situations éducatives exemplaires, réparties sur une cinquantaine d’années (1910-1960), à partir de fonds d’archives. Cette double approche, synchronique et diachronique, permet d'esquisser un nouveau paradigme éducatif qui prenne en compte la dimension de la « bien-traitance » de l'enfant à l'école. La pensée d'Edgar Morin, qui place l'identité humaine au coeur de ses recherches, nous permet de penser la place et le respect de l'enfant à l'école dans une perspective dialogique, qui éclaire une entité globale rendue invisible si l'on pense le bien-être de l'enfant, appartenant à la sphère privée, et l'école, qui relève de l'espace public, comme deux entités antagonistes et séparées
The educational practices that encourage the child's well-being at school are the object of this thesis, that belongs to researches on pedagogic innovations, and participates in the aim of a “good enough school” for which wishes Jeanne Moll. Starting from this point of view, our research focuses on schools belonging, still today, to the historical courant of New Education, that inscribe at the heart of their pedagogy the child's well-being at school. Although few in number, they update the paradigm of New education from the early 20th century, centered on the child. For the study of the educational practices that develop there, this thesis adopts a social-historical approach. It starts from a present exploration of theses schools to go back to their history and sources. In terms of method, it proceeds, on one hand of a “collaborative research” type sociological survey, and on another hand of a historical research, from archives, dealing on remarkable educational situations spread over fifty years (1910-1960). This dual approach, both synchronic and diachronic, allows to draw a new educational paradigm that would take into account the dimension of respect and “well-treatment” of the child at school. The thought of Edgar Morin, who places human identity at the heart of his researches, allows us to consider the place and respect of the child at school in a perspective, that reveals a global entity made invisible if one thinks of the well being of the child belonging to the private sphere, and school, which is of the public space, as two separate and antagonists entities

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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)
Como consequência da experiência histórica, as formas de dominação ganharam cada vez mais espaço na produção literária, até se constituírem num dos principais temas do romance ao longo de todo o século XX. Vários escritores configuraram esteticamente o problema do poder, desenvolvendo uma narrativa cujo tema central é a dominação; dominação essa perpetrada pelos totalitarismos de direita e esquerda. Mas é na obra do escritor norte-americano William S. Burroughs (1914-1997) que os mecanismos de dominação ganharão um novo estatuto, em especial na obra Almoço Nu (1959), na qual aparecem configurados os novos modos de dominação que emergiram a partir da Segunda Grande Guerra: monopólios, burocracias, estruturas de controle, etc. Outras características formais, não menos relevantes, acompanham a emergência das novas temáticas, principalmente os signos de dissolução e aleatoriedade que percorrem o livro de Burroughs, abolindo em definitivo qualquer exigência de unidade configuradora ao instaurar uma nova combinação entre forma de expressão e forma de conteúdo. De qualquer modo, um estudo do romance de Burroughs que leve em consideração todas essas particularidades exige um aparato conceitual apropriado. Neste sentido, a obra de Gilles Deleuze (1925-1995) fornece alguns elementos teóricos para a análise de Almoço Nu, a exemplo da noção de sociedades de controle, retirada da obra de Burroughs. Assim, o presente estudo busca apreender de que forma o romance Almoço Nu nos aponta as transformações temáticas e composicionais no romance da segunda metade do século XX correspondentes à experiência histórica na qual o problema da dominação veio a ocupar lugar de destaque nas produções literárias
As a consequence of historical experience, forms of domination have gained more space in the literary production, even if they constitute one of the main themes of the novel throughout the twentieth century. Several writers have shaped the aesthetic problem of power, developing a narrative whose central theme is domination, domination perpetrated by the totalitarian regimes of right and left. But it is the work of American writer William S. Burroughs (1914-1997) that the mechanisms of domination will gain a new status, especially in the work Naked Lunch (1959), in which they appear set new modes of domination that emerged from the Second World War: monopolies, bureaucratic structures, control, etc. Other formal features, not less relevant, accompanying the emergence of new themes, especially the signs of dissolution and randomness that run through the book of Burroughs, ultimately abolishing any requirement to establish a unit set up by combining new form of expression and form of content. In any case, a study of the Burroughs novel that takes into account all these specific requires a conceptual apparatus appropriate. In this sense, the work of Gilles Deleuze (1925-1995) provides some theoretical elements for the analysis of Naked Lunch, like the notion of societies of control, withdrawal from work of Burroughs. Thus, this study seeks to learn how the novel Naked Lunch points out the thematic and compositional changes in the novel of the second half of the twentieth century, corresponding to the historical experience in which the problem of domination came to occupy a prominent place in literary productions

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Le travail a analysé les almanachs publiés par le journal O Estado de S. Paulo en trois moments distincts: 1896, 1916 et 1940. Les études avec cette source se sont multipliés dans l` historiographie nationale et internationale, car, ces imprimes présentent une grande variété et des possibilités d`approches. Au Brésil, on note la présence des almanachs déjá dans la première moitié du XIX siécle. On a produit des almanachs littéraires, des administratifs, des pharmacies et aussi des almanachs lancés pour dês maisons d`éditions et dês journaux. Au cas dês sponsorisés par le journal de la famille Mesquita, on s`observe que les almanachs ont apparu en des moments importants de la ville de São Paulo, du pays et tout à fait du monde. La publication du almanach 1896 a rendu possibilité réfléchir sur le début de l`ascension de la capitale paulista et son processus de modernisation, que a apparue, surtout, dans les publicités présentes dans le imprime. Les Almanachs du Estado 1916 et 1940, ont invité, aussi, à réfléchir sur la construcion de l`identité paulista et nationale, vu que, sont venus à public pendant la Première et Deuxième Guerre Mondiale et ont prouvé les transformations que sont arrivés dans la cité de São Paulo, mais aussi dans le propre journal O Estado de S. Paulo
O trabalho analisou os almanaques publicados pelo jornal O Estado de S. Paulo em três momentos distintos: 1896, 1916 e 1940. As pesquisas com esse tipo de fonte multiplicaram-se na historiografia nacional e internacional, pois tais impressos apresentam grande diversidade e possibilidades de abordagens. No Brasil, registra-se a presença de almanaques já na primeira metade do século XIX. Produziram-se almanaques literários, administrativos, de farmácia, além dos lançados por editoras e jornais. No caso dos patrocinados pelo diário dos Mesquita, observa-se que vieram à público em momentos-chave da história da cidade de São Paulo, do país e mesmo do mundo. Pretendeu-se levar em conta o momento histórico em que cada edição surgiu, bem como a compreensão de seu conteúdo, materialidade e a própria história do órgão que os lançou. A publicação do almanaque de 1896 possibilitou refletir sobre o início do crescimento da capital paulista e seu processo de modernização, perceptíveis, sobretudo, nas publicidades presentes no impresso. Os almanaques do Estado de 1916 e 1940 convidaram, por sua vez, a refletir sobre a construção das identidades paulista e nacional, visto que vieram a público durante a Primeira e Segunda Guerra Mundial e atestaram as transformações que ocorreram não só a cidade de São Paulo, mas também no próprio jornal O Estado de S. Paulo

Orientador: Tânia Regina de Luca
Banca: Adelaide Maria Gonçalves Pereira
Banca: Flávia Arlanch Martins de Oliveira
Resumo: O trabalho analisou os almanaques publicados pelo jornal O Estado de S. Paulo em três momentos distintos: 1896, 1916 e 1940. As pesquisas com esse tipo de fonte multiplicaram-se na historiografia nacional e internacional, pois tais impressos apresentam grande diversidade e possibilidades de abordagens. No Brasil, registra-se a presença de almanaques já na primeira metade do século XIX. Produziram-se almanaques literários, administrativos, de farmácia, além dos lançados por editoras e jornais. No caso dos patrocinados pelo diário dos Mesquita, observa-se que vieram à público em momentos-chave da história da cidade de São Paulo, do país e mesmo do mundo. Pretendeu-se levar em conta o momento histórico em que cada edição surgiu, bem como a compreensão de seu conteúdo, materialidade e a própria história do órgão que os lançou. A publicação do almanaque de 1896 possibilitou refletir sobre o início do crescimento da capital paulista e seu processo de modernização, perceptíveis, sobretudo, nas publicidades presentes no impresso. Os almanaques do Estado de 1916 e 1940 convidaram, por sua vez, a refletir sobre a construção das identidades paulista e nacional, visto que vieram a público durante a Primeira e Segunda Guerra Mundial e atestaram as transformações que ocorreram não só a cidade de São Paulo, mas também no próprio jornal O Estado de S. Paulo
Résumé: Le travail a analysé les almanachs publiés par le journal O Estado de S. Paulo en trois moments distincts: 1896, 1916 et 1940. Les études avec cette source se sont multipliés dans l' historiographie nationale et internationale, car, ces imprimes présentent une grande variété et des possibilités d'approches. Au Brésil, on note la présence des almanachs déjá dans la première moitié du XIX siécle. On a produit des almanachs littéraires, des administratifs, des pharmacies et aussi des almanachs lancés pour dês maisons d'éditions et dês journaux. Au cas dês sponsorisés par le journal de la famille Mesquita, on s'observe que les almanachs ont apparu en des moments importants de la ville de São Paulo, du pays et tout à fait du monde. La publication du almanach 1896 a rendu possibilité réfléchir sur le début de l'ascension de la capitale paulista et son processus de modernisation, que a apparue, surtout, dans les publicités présentes dans le imprime. Les Almanachs du Estado 1916 et 1940, ont invité, aussi, à réfléchir sur la construcion de l'identité paulista et nationale, vu que, sont venus à public pendant la Première et Deuxième Guerre Mondiale et ont prouvé les transformations que sont arrivés dans la cité de São Paulo, mais aussi dans le propre journal O Estado de S. Paulo
Mestre

Ce travail de thèse consiste en une étude des rapports entre connaissance et sagesse chez deux penseurs de l'éducation : l'écrivain russe L. N. Tolstoï (1828-1910) et le pasteur danois N. F. S. Grundtvig (1783-1872). Il présente les idées pédagogiques de chaque auteur ainsi que leurs fondements philosophiques et religieux, puis il les met en relation afin d'approfondir leurs conceptions respectives de la connaissance et de la sagesse, et de déterminer quels liens ils établissent entre les deux concepts, du point de vue de l'éducation. Pour Tolstoï, la sagesse apparaît comme première, elle sert de fondement à une définition de l'utilité de la connaissance et à une recherche de son usage dans l'action. Chez Grundtvig, c'est au sein même de la pratique éducative que sont incluses sagesse fondamentale, connaissance et sagesse active. Divergentes en apparence, ces conceptions reflètent non seulement la pensée de chacun des auteurs mais aussi le contexte dans lequel elles ont été élaborées. Elles se rejoignent pourtant sur un plan fondamental, celui de la vision de l'homme sur laquelle elles s'appuient, une vision reconnaissant la valeur de la vie humaine en tant que telle, et non en fonction du développement de sa seule raison. Cette analyse, ainsi que l'importance accordée par chacun des auteurs à l'usage de la langue et au principe d'interrelation, ouvre, au plan éducatif, des pistes de rélexion pour la recherche d'un rapport possible entre connaissance et sagesse, à l'heure actuelle
This theses is a study of the relationship between knowledge and wisdom according to two educational thinkers : the Russian writer L. N. Tolstoy (1828-1910) and the Danish pastor N. F. S. Grundtvig (1783-1872). It presents the pedagogical ideas of each author as well as their philosophical and religious standpoints. Then it brings them together in order to deepen their respective conception of knowledge and wisdom, and determine what links they establish between the two concepts from the point of view of education. It transpires that wisdom comes first for Tolstoy ; it serves as the basis to define the usefulness of knowledge and to search for the application of this knowledge in action. For Grundtvig on the other hand, fundamental wisdom, knowledge and active wisdom are at the very heart of educational practice. Seemingly divergent these concepts reflect not only the way of thinking of each author but also the context in which they were conceived. They come together at a fundamental level however, that of their vision of humanity on which their concepts are founded, a vision recognising the intrinsic value in human life rather than one that depends on the development of intellect alone. This analysis, together with the importance given by each author to the usage of language and to the principle of interrelatedness, opens ways of reflecting on the possibility of a relationship between knowledge and wisdom in education today

Thesis (MA (Afrikaans and Dutch))—University of Stellenbosch, 2006.
This study explores the manner in which the incomprehensibility of people’s lives and the relativity of history are portrayed in Sleuteloog by Hella Haasse. The expansion of these two themes focuses on the roles of perspective and focalisation and their connection to the identity of the self and the “other” against the backdrop of Dutch India /Indonesia and the Netherlands.

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Este estudo trata das rela ›es entre a Igreja e o Estado, pela an‡lise do processo de laiciza ‹o do ensino, no Brasil, estabelecido pelo Art. † 72 da Constituição de 1891. Enfoca a laiciza ‹o do ensino pœblico, comparando a organiza ‹o do curr’culo da Escola Normal de Pernambuco (ENP), antes e ap—s a Constitui ‹o, bem como as repercuss›es do fato, entre as pessoas mais diretamente envolvidas no processo de mudan as, destacando aspectos do esp’rito de (In)Toler‰ncia presente na Repœblica. A defini ‹o do per’odo se justifica por incluir o momento de implanta ‹o do novo regime, marcado pela quebra do Padroado e pela laiciza ‹o do ensino. Entre as fontes utilizadas est‹o: a legisla ‹o, Cartas pastorais, registros de confer ncias pedag—gicas, revistas e jornais da Žpoca, analisadas na perspectiva da Nova Hist—ria, com o intuito de reconstruir aspectos relevantes do tema, nesse per’odo, pelo cruzamento das informa ›es obtidas. Em meio a mudan as econ™micas, pol’ticas e s—cio-culturais, a Repœblica anuncia novas preocupa ›es com a educa ‹o, inspiradas no positivismo, no liberalismo e nas ci ncias, cujas idŽias s‹o impulsionadas, tambŽm, pela laiciza ‹o do pa’s e do ensino pœblico. De um ensino formalista dos catecismos religiosos passa-se para um ensino laico, numa dire ‹o cientifica, com mŽtodos e programas modernos. A laiciza ‹o promove ainda a expans‹o do ensino, ao impor a toler‰ncia para todas as convic ›es sinceras, respeito a todos os direitos e a todas as liberdades, abrindo espa o para expans‹o das escolas protestantes e estimulando a Igreja Cat—lica a expandir tambŽm as suas escolas. A intoler‰ncia marca as a ›es da Igreja, em decorr ncia n‹o apenas da laiciza ‹o do ensino, mas, tambŽm de outras perdas, decorrentes da seculariza ‹o dos cemitŽrios, do car‡ter obrigat—rio do casamento civil, da liberdade da profiss‹o religiosa e da exclus‹o do subs’dio ao culto pœblico. O repœdio da Igreja ˆs medidas legais do Estado Ž expresso n‹o s— pelos religiosos, nos jornais cat—licos, como tambŽm nos jornais seculares, por jornalistas e missivistas ligados ao catolicismo.

Bien qu’il soit critique littéraire et sémiologue avant-gardiste des années 1950 aux années 1970, Roland Barthes nourrit pourtant une grande passion pour la littérature classique du XIXe siècle. En se déclarant « être à l’arrière-garde de l’avant-garde », Barthes a consacré de nombreux articles et livres aux écrivains de l’époque, parmi lesquels Michelet, Balzac et Flaubert tiennent respectivement une place considérable dans la carrière critique de Barthes. La lecture barthésienne de ces trois écrivains s’inscrit dans un parcours historique de sa problématique théorique. A travers sa lecture innovatrice des trois écrivains du XIXe siècle, en leur donnant des profils renouvelés, Barthes forge une critique d’avant-garde qui en fait un des plus grands lecteurs de notre époque
As the famous French literary theorist, semiologist and leader of the new criticism in the last century 50’s to 70’s, Roland Barthes had a great passion for the classical literature of the 19th century. Barthes who was an influential voice for the “New Novel” claimed to be “the rear guard of the front guard”, and had done in-depth research on many French writers of the nineteenth century, especially Michelet, Balzac and Flaubert, each of whom has his own characteristics in his writings and plays a crucial role in different evolutionary stages of his thoughts. It is in the reading of the classics of the 19th century that Barthes consolidated the unshakable status as a well-known pioneering literary critic of the 20th century

PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRO
CONSELHO NACIONAL DE DESENVOLVIMENTO CIENTÍFICO E TECNOLÓGICO
FUNDAÇÃO DE APOIO À PESQUISA DO ESTADO DO RIO DE JANEIRO
O primitivismo no Pau-Brasil de Oswald de Andrade: originalidade nativa como mensagem do espírito novo (1917-1925) é uma Dissertação animada pela vontade de investigar o desenvolvimento da idéia do primitivismo na controversa obra de Oswald de Andrade. E neste sentido, a tentativa de compreender a natureza histórica deste conceito lida de perto com uma reconfiguração sofrida pelas noções de modernismo e vanguarda na América Latina. Composto por dois capítulos, o estudo pretende no primeiro movimento avaliar a participação do escritor no grupo dos jovens artistas de São Paulo, que durante a Semana de Arte Moderna se insurgiu contra a inteligentsia nacional; e no segundo, analisar como se deu a sua redescoberta do Brasil, depois de um contato estreito com as vanguardas históricas sediadas em Paris.
Primitivism on Oswald de Andrade`s Pau-Brasil: native originality as a message of new spirit (1917-1925) is an attempt to analyze the development of the idea of primitivism on Oswald de Andrade`s work. Thus, the effort of comprehension the historicity of this concept needs to understand a reconfiguration suffered by notions as High Modernism and Avant-guard in Latin-America. In two parts, this paper aims at, in first, to evaluate Andrade`s participation inside the group of modernists in São Paulo before the Modern Art Week in 1922; and then, investigate how was possible his rediscovery of Brazil after kept close relationships with the foremost artists in Paris.

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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)
Esta pesquisa, Lógica pragmática e educação: experiência e linguagem em Dewey e Peirce, é uma análise da filosofia pragmatista, com destaque aos aspectos enunciados no título, concernentes ao legado de Dewey e às relações de aproximação e contraste que este mantém com os escritos de Peirce. O percurso investigativo, ao buscar contribuir para as pesquisas sobre os fundamentos teóricos do pragmatismo deweyano, poderá auxiliar o profissional de educação, no sentido de subsidiá-lo em uma reflexão acerca dos alicerces de uma filosofia da experiência, como a pragmática, o que poderá levá-lo a rever posturas tradicionais, tais como a supervalorização dos conteúdos e da memória, frente à rotina escolar. Nosso problema de pesquisa diz respeito à notável ausência de estudos concernentes à influência da filosofia de Peirce sobre a descrição do processo de conhecer em Dewey; inquietação que, ao ordenar nossa investigação, fê-la revelar-se um aporte teórico que pode nos socorrer com relação à indiferença do estudante frente ao processo educativo. Nas análises empreendidas, procuramos descrever de que modo a linguagem viabiliza a experiência (e vice-versa), cujo ambiente se constitui física e culturalmente. As relações entre a lógica e o pensamento reflexivo foram enunciadas em diversos aspectos, capitaneadas pela inferência – núcleo de toda ação inteligente, segundo o autor –. O símbolo revelou-se um operador cognitivo central neste processo, em consonância com a descrição semiótica de Peirce, que concebia aquele signo como realização de terceiridade, em sua tríade mais importante: ícone / índice / símbolo. Embora não tenhamos analisado a teoria peirceana com a mesma amplitude da lógica de Dewey...
This research, Pragmatic logics and education: experience and language, according to Dewey and Peirce, is an analysis of the pragmatic philosophy, highlighting the enunciated aspects in the title, concerning to the legacy of Dewey and the relations of approximation and contrast that Dewey maintains with the papers of Peirce. The investigative route, when searching to contribute for the researches about the theoretical basis of deweyan pragmatism, might help the education professional, referring to supporting him on a reflection about the basis of a philosophy of experience, as the pragmatic, which will lead him to rethink about traditional attitudes, such as the super valorization of the contents and memory in relation to the scholastic routine. Our problem of research refers to the notable absence of studies concerning the influence of the philosophy of Peirce about the description of the process of knowledge according to Dewey; inquietation, that, when directing our investigation, made it be revealed as an theoretical apport, which can help us, referring to the indifference of the student concerning the educational process. On the analyses elaborated, we tried to describe how the language enables the experience (and vice versa), whose environment is constituted physically and culturally. The relations between logics and the reflexive thought were enunciated in several aspects, conducted by the inference – nucleus of all the intelligent action, according to the author –. The symbol demonstrated to be a central cognitive operator in this process, in accordance with the semiotic description of Peirce, which conceived that sign as the realization of the thirdness, in his most important tryad: icon / index / symbol. Although we have not analyzed the theory of Peirce with the same amplitude of the logics of Dewey... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)

Zusammenfassung Untersuchungen zur Beeinflussung von experimentellen Salmonella Enteritidis PT4 Infektionen bei Küken durch den probiotischen Stamm Escherichia coli Nissle 1917 Imad Azmi Awadein Mohamed Institut für Bakteriologie und Mykologie, Veterinärmedizinische Fakultät, Universität Leipzig und Institut für Geflügelkrankheiten, Veterinärmedizinische Fakultät, Freie Universität Berlin Eingereicht im Januar, 2004 Schlüsselworte: (E. coli Stamm Nissle 1917, Küken, S. Enteritidis, Probiotika, Bdellovibrionen) (94 Seiten, 48 Abbildungen, 16 Tabellen und 150 Referenzen) 1- Untersucht wurden die Auswirkungen der oralen Applikation von E. coli Stamm Nissle 1917 und Bdellovibrio bacteriovorus auf die Reduktion der Ansiedlung von S. Enteritidis PT4, auf die Reduktion der Mortalitätsrate, auf die Gesamtzahl aerober und Gram-negativer Bakterien, auf die Anzahl von Bdellovibrionen und auf das Körpergewicht von SPF-Hühnern. Im Vergleich zur positiven Kontrollgruppe konnten bei der Ansiedlung von S. Enteritidis PT4 im Caecum der Testgruppen an den Tagen 14, 21 und 28 signifikante Unterschiede festgestellt werden. Im Vergleich zur positiven Kontrollgruppe, die eine Mortalitätsrate von 10% aufweist, war die Mortalitätsrate der Testgruppen deutlich reduziert. Ebenso waren in den Testgruppen die aerobe und Gram-negative Gesamtkeimzahl am Tag 28 im Vergleich zur positiven Kontrollgruppe deutlich verringert. Signifikanten Anstieg der Bdellovibrionen Anzahl zeigten die Testgruppen sowohl im Vergleich zur positiven als auch negativen Kontrollgruppe. Beim Vergleich zwischen dem Gesamtkörpergewicht der Testgruppen zu dem der negativen und den überlebenden Tieren der positiven Kontrollgruppe gab es keine signifikanten Unterschiede. 2- Untersucht wurden die Auswirkungen der oralen Applikation von E. coli Stamm Nissle 1917 und Bdellovibrio bacteriovorus auf die Reisolation von S. Enteritidis PT4 aus verschiedenen Teilen des Intestinaltrakts und diverser Organe von SPF-Hühnern. In Kropf, Proventrikel, Herzblut, Lunge, Leber und Milz der Testgruppen konnte im Vergleich zur positiven Kontrollgruppe eine Reduktion ermittelt werden, die Reisolation von S. Enteritidis aus dem Caecum der Testgruppen zeigte keinen Unterschied im Vergleich zur positiven Kontrollgruppe. 3- Untersucht wurden die Auswirkungen der oralen Applikation von E. coli Stamm Nissle 1917 und Bdellovibrio bacteriovorus an Konzentrationen von Serum-Avidin, IgY gegen S. Enteritidis und IgY gegen E. coli Nissle 1917 bei experimentell mit S. Enteritidis-infizierten SPF-Hühnern. Die Untersuchungen ergaben eine signifikante Senkung der Serum-Avidin-Konzentration im Vergleich zur positiven Kontrollgruppe, vor allem sieben Tage post infectionem mit S. Enteritidis. Ein signifikanter Anstieg der Konzentration von IgY gegen S. Enteritidis konnte bei den Testgruppen im Vergleich zur positiven Kontrollgruppe vor allem an den Tagen sieben verzeichnet werden. Ein signifikanter Anstieg der Konzentration von IgY gegen E. coli Nissle 1917 konnte in allen Testgruppen im Vergleich zur positiven Kontrollgruppe festgestellt werden. 4- Untersucht wurden die Auswirkungen der oralen Applikation von E. coli Nissle 1917 mit und ohne Plasmid auf die Reduktion der Ansiedelung von S. Enteritidis PT4, auf die Reduktion der Mortalitätsrate, die aerobe und Gram-negative Gesamtkeimzahl, die Bdellovibrionen-Gesamtkeimzahl, Keimzahlen von Lactobacillus, Bifidobacterium und C. perfringens und das Körpergewicht von SPF-Hühnern. Im Vergleich zur positiven Kontrollgruppe konnte im Caecum der Testgruppen ein signifikanter Rückgang der Ansiedelung von S. Enteritidis an den Tagen 7, 21 und 28 verzeichnet werden, außerdem konnte bei den Testgruppen kein Todesfall festgestellt werden, wohingegen die Sterblichkeitsrate der positiven Kontrollgruppe bei 15% lag. Ein signifikantes Absinken in der totalen Gesamtkeimzahl und der Gram-negativen Gesamtkeimzahl konnte für die Testgruppen im Vergleich zur positiven Kontrollgruppe an den Tagen 21 beziehungsweise 28 verzeichnet werden. Die Isolation von Bdellovibrionen aus den Testgruppen ergab keinen Unterschied zu den Kontrollgruppen. Die Lactobacillus-Bifidobacterium-Keimzahl war in den Testgruppen im Vergleich zur positiven Kontrollgruppe signifikant erhöht, vor allem am Tag sieben. Die C. perfringens-Keimzahl war in der positiven Kontrollgruppe gegenüber den Testgruppen am Tag 7 und 14 signifikant erhöht. Die Vergleiche des Körpergewichts der Testgruppen, negativer und überlebender Tiere der positiven Kontrollgruppe zeigten keinen signifikanten Unterschied. 5- Untersucht wurden die Auswirkungen der oralen Applikation von E. coli Stamm Nissle 1917 mit und ohne Plasmid auf die Reisolation von S. Enteritidis aus unterschiedlichen Teilen des Intestinaltraktes und aus Organen von SPF-Hühnern. Im Kropf, Proventrikel, Duodenum, Herzblut, Lunge, Leber und Milz konnte bei den Testgruppen im Vergleich zur positiven Kontrollgruppe eine Senkung der Reisolationsrate festgestellt werden, wohingegen sich keine Unterschied beim Vergleich der Caeca von positiver Kontrollgruppe und von den Testgruppen zeigte. 6- Untersucht wurden die Auswirkungen der oralen Applikation von E. coli Stamm Nissle 1917 mit und ohne Plasmid auf die Konzentrationen von Serum-Avidin, IgY gegen S. Enteritidis und IgY gegen E. coli Nissle 1917 bei experimentell mit S. Enteritidis-infizierten SPF-Hühnern. Bei der Serum-Avidin-Konzentration konnte kein Unterschied zwischen Testgruppen und positiver Kontrollgruppe festgestellt werden. Die Testgruppen zeigten ihrerseits im Vergleich zur positiven Kontrollgruppe eine signifikante Erhöhung der Konzentration von IgY gegen S. Enteritidis, vor allem an den Tagen 21 und 28. Ein signifikanter Anstieg der Konzentration von IgY gegen E. coli Nissle 1917 konnte in allen Testgruppen im Vergleich zur positiven Kontrollgruppe, vor allem an den Tagen sieben und vierzehn festgestellt werden. 7- Aus den Resultaten des ersten und des zweiten Versuchs schließen wir, dass der probiotische Stamm E. coli Nissle 1917 das Caecum von 7 bis 28 Tage alten Hühnern erfolgreich kolonialisieren kann. Orale Applikation des Stammes kann die Ansiedlung von S. Enteritidis, aerobe und Gram-negative Gesamtkeimzahl, Mortalitätsrate, Reisolationsrate von S. Enteritidis in Organen und im Intestinaltrakt (mit Ausnahme des Caecums im ersten Versuch) deutlich reduzieren. Die Kombination von E. coli Nissle 1917 und Bdellovibrio bacteriovorus hatte nicht den gewünschten Effekt, der auch von mehreren Autoren in-vitro beobachtet wurde. Bdellovibrionen waren in den Testgruppen des ersten Versuchs im Vergleich zu denen im zweiten deutlich erhöht. Beim durchschnittlichen Körpergewicht konnte kein signifikanter Unterschied zwischen beiden Versuchen festgestellt werden. Der Serum-Avidin-Spiegel war im ersten Versuch in der Testgruppe deutlich reduziert, im zweiten dagegen nicht. Dies ist möglicherweise auf den Effekt von Bdellovibrionen zurückzuführen, bedarf allerdings noch der weiteren Bestätigung. Im Allgemeinen konnten wir eine signifikante Verbesserung des Immunsystems der Vögel als Resultat der oralen Applikation von E. coli Nissle 1917 feststellen. 8- Untersucht wurden die antagonistischen Effekte von E. coli Stamm Nissle 1917 mit und ohne Plasmid auf die in-vitro-Wachstumsrate von S. Enteritidis PT4. Wir konnten feststellen, dass E. coli Nissle 1917 sowohl mit als auch ohne Plasmid die Wachstumsrate von S. Enteritidis erfolgreich reduzieren konnte
Summary Influence of the probiotic strain Escherichia coli Nissle 1917 on experimental infections with Salmonella Enteritidis PT4 in chickens Imad Azmi Awadein Mohamed Institute of Bacteriology and Mycology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Leipzig and Institute of Poultry Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Free University Berlin Submitted in January, 2004 Keywords: (E. coli strain Nissle 1917, chickens, S. Enteritidis, Probiotics, Bdellovibrios) (94 pages, 48 figures, 16 tables and 150 references) 1- The effect of oral application of E. coli strain Nissle 1917 with Bdellovibrio bacteriovorus on the colonization of S. Enteritidis PT4, reduction of the mortality rate, total aerobic bacterial counts, Gram negative bacterial counts, bdellovibrio bacterial counts and body weight of Specific Pathogen Free chickens were investigated. A significant reduction in the colonization of S. Enteritidis PT4 in the caecum of trial groups at 14, 21 and 28 days old in comparison to the positive control group was observed. A reduction in mortality rate in the trial groups was seen in comparison to the positive control group which had 10 %. The total aerobic and Gram negative bacterial counts were significantly decreased in the trial groups at 28 days old in comparison to the positive control group. Bdellovibrio bacterial counts were significantly increased in the trial groups in comparison to the control groups. No significant difference was seen in the mean body weight of the trial groups in comparison to control groups. 2- The effect of oral application of E. coli strain Nissle 1917 with Bdellovibrio bacteriovorus on reisolation rate of S. Enteritidis from different parts of the intestinal tract and organs of SPF chickens was investigated. A reduction in the S. Enteritidis reisolation rate was seen from crop, proventriculus, duodenum, heart blood, lungs, livers and spleens of the trial groups in comparison to the positive control group but not from the caecum. 3- The effect of oral application of E. coli strain Nissle 1917 and Bdellovibrio bacteriovorus on the serum avidin levels, IgY against S. Enteritidis and IgY against E. coli strain Nissle 1917 levels of SPF chickens experimentally infected with S. Enteritidis was investigated. A significant reduction in the serum avidin levels was observed in the trial groups at 7 days old in comparison to the positive control group. The antibody levels against S. Enteritidis was significantly increased in the trial group at 7 days old in comparison to the positive control group. A significant increase at day 7 in the antibody levels against E. coli strain Nissle 1917 was seen in the trial group in comparison to the positive control group. 4- The effect of oral application E. coli Nissle 1917 with and without plasmid on reduction on the colonization of S. Enteritidis PT4, reduction of the mortality rate, total aerobic bacterial counts, Gram negative bacterial counts, bdellovibrio bacterial counts, Lactobacillus-Bifidobacterium counts, C. perfringens bacterial counts and body weight of SPF chickens were investigated. A significant reduction in the colonization of S. Enteritidis PT4 in the caecum of trial groups at 7, 21 and 28 days old in comparison to the positive control group was observed. No mortalities were seen in the both trial groups in comparison to the positive control group which had 15 % mortalities. The total aerobic and Gram negative bacterial counts were significantly decreased in the trial groups at 21 and 28 days respectively old in comparison to the positive control group. No significant difference was observed in bdellovibrio isolation from the trial groups in comparison to the control group. Lactobacillus-Bifidobacterium bacterial counts were significantly increased in the trial groups at 7, 14 and 21 days old in comparison to the positive control group. A significant reduction in C. perfringens bacterial counts were seen in the trial groups at 7 and 14 days old in comparison to positive control group. No significant difference was observed in the mean body weight of the trial groups in comparison to control groups. 5- The effect of oral application E. coli Nissle 1917 with and without plasmid on the reisolation of S. Enteritidis from different parts of intestinal tract and organs of SPF chickens was investigated. A reduction in the S. Enteritidis reisolation rate was seen from crop, proventriculus, duodenum, caecum, heart blood, lungs, livers and spleens of the trial groups in comparison to the positive control group. 6- The effect of oral application E. coli Nissle 1917 with and without plasmid on the serum avidin levels, IgY against S. Enteritidis and IgY against E. coli strain Nissle 1917 levels of SPF chickens experimentally infected with S. Enteritidis were investigated. No significant reduction in the serum avidin levels were seen in the trial groups in comparison to the positive control group. The antibody levels against S. Enteritidis were significantly increased in the trial groups at 21 and 28 days old in comparison to the positive control group. A significant increase in the antibody levels against E. coli strain Nissle 1917 were seen in the trial groups in comparison to the positive control group. 7- From the results observed in the first and second experiments we concluded that probiotic strain E. coli Nissle 1917 can successfully colonize the caecum of SPF chickens from 7 to 28 days old. Oral appliction of probiotic strain E. coli Nissle 1917 has significantly reduced the S. Enteritidis colonization, total and Gram negative bacterial counts, mortality rate, reisolation rate of S. Enteritidis in organs and the intestinal tract except the caecum in first experiment in the trial groups in comparison to positive control. The combination between E. coli strain Nissle 1917 and B. bacteriovorus had not achieved the desirable effects in the first experiment which observed by many authors in vitro. Bdellovibrio was significantly increased in the trial groups of the first experiment in comparison to the second experiment. This may be a possible effect of Bdellovibrio which is yet to be confirmed. No significant difference was observed in the mean body weight in both experiment. A significant reduction of serum avidin levels were observed in the trial groups of the first experiment but not in the second experiment. We have observed a significant improvement in the immune system of the birds as a results of oral application of E. coli strain Nissle 1917. 8- Antagonistic effect of E. coli Nissle 1917 with and without plasmid on the growth rate of the S. Enteritidis PT4 in vitro was investigated. We concluded that E. coli Nissle 1917 with and without plasmid successfully reduced the growth rate of S. Enteritidis in comparison to the control one

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Este trabalho tem como objeto de análise os artigos de Monteiro Lobato publicados no jornal O Estado de S. Paulo, entre 1913 e 1923. Para constituição do corpus, foram consultadas todas as edições entre 1913 e 1930, período correspondente à fase de consolidação da imprensa no Brasil (Sodré, 1966; Bahia, 1954). Como objetivo central, tem-se a relação de Monteiro Lobato com o jornal O Estado de S. Paulo, procurando-se a identificação entre o discurso presente nos artigos do escritor e o discurso de um dos principais veículos da imprensa escrita da República Velha. O levantamento dos artigos no período de 1913 – ano do primeiro texto publicado por Lobato no Estado – e 1930 – data emblemática para a história do país e, portanto, para a imprensa de modo geral – desdobra-se ainda em outros focos de análise: a) abordagem das questões temáticas e formais dos textos de Lobato publicados no periódico; b) a participação do escritor nas atividades do Estado; c) a concepção de jornalismo e sociedade comuns ao jornal e ao articulista. A leitura dos textos e a análise sustentada tanto pelos estudos lobatianos quanto pelos estudos sobre a história brasileira revelam a sintonia de Monteiro Lobato com O Estado, ao menos na República recém-instaurada e tão precária no que diz respeito a um projeto de sociedade voltado aos brasileiros. O Estado é o espaço em que as idéias lobatianas dialogam intensamente com outros textos e autores, todos imbuídos da missão de, por meio da ciência e do desenvolvimento econômico, transformar o Brasil na potência americana dos trópicos. O...
This study aims to analyse Monteiro Lobato’s articles published on O Estado de S. Paulo (OESP) newspaper, between 1913 and 1923. For data collection, it was researched all editions between 1913 and 1930, a period when the printing press was established in Brazil (Sodré, 1966; Bahia, 1954). Our main objective is the Monteiro Lobato´s relation with OESP, searching for the identification between the writer´s articles and the speech of one of the main vehicle of the Old Republic printing press. The articles were researched between 1913 – when the very first Lobato’s article was published on OESP – and 1930 – a very important date for the history of the country and, therefore, for all the printing press - is organized in other analysis focus: a ) approaching of the theme and formal questions about Lobato’s published articles; b) the participation of the writer during the OESP activities; c) the conception of newspaper and society to news and writers. The reading of the texts and the analysis carried out for both Lobato studies and Brazilian History of the printing press show the proximity of Lobato and OESP, at least during the new established and so poor Republic dealing about a society project for Brazilian people. The OESP is the place where Lobato’s ideas dialogue deeply with other texts and writers, all impregnated with an objective of, through the science and the economical development, becoming Brazil the American power... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)

Orientador: João Luís Cardoso Tápias Ceccantini
Banca: Carlos Erivany Fantinati
Banca: Marisa Philbert Lajolo
Banca: Tânia Regina de Luca
Banca: Jézio Hernani Bomfim Gutierre
Resumo: Este trabalho tem como objeto de análise os artigos de Monteiro Lobato publicados no jornal O Estado de S. Paulo, entre 1913 e 1923. Para constituição do corpus, foram consultadas todas as edições entre 1913 e 1930, período correspondente à fase de consolidação da imprensa no Brasil (Sodré, 1966; Bahia, 1954). Como objetivo central, tem-se a relação de Monteiro Lobato com o jornal O Estado de S. Paulo, procurando-se a identificação entre o discurso presente nos artigos do escritor e o discurso de um dos principais veículos da imprensa escrita da República Velha. O levantamento dos artigos no período de 1913 - ano do primeiro texto publicado por Lobato no Estado - e 1930 - data emblemática para a história do país e, portanto, para a imprensa de modo geral - desdobra-se ainda em outros focos de análise: a) abordagem das questões temáticas e formais dos textos de Lobato publicados no periódico; b) a participação do escritor nas atividades do Estado; c) a concepção de jornalismo e sociedade comuns ao jornal e ao articulista. A leitura dos textos e a análise sustentada tanto pelos estudos lobatianos quanto pelos estudos sobre a história brasileira revelam a sintonia de Monteiro Lobato com O Estado, ao menos na República recém-instaurada e tão precária no que diz respeito a um projeto de sociedade voltado aos brasileiros. O Estado é o espaço em que as idéias lobatianas dialogam intensamente com outros textos e autores, todos imbuídos da missão de, por meio da ciência e do desenvolvimento econômico, transformar o Brasil na potência americana dos trópicos. O... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)
Abstract: This study aims to analyse Monteiro Lobato's articles published on O Estado de S. Paulo (OESP) newspaper, between 1913 and 1923. For data collection, it was researched all editions between 1913 and 1930, a period when the printing press was established in Brazil (Sodré, 1966; Bahia, 1954). Our main objective is the Monteiro Lobato's relation with OESP, searching for the identification between the writer's articles and the speech of one of the main vehicle of the Old Republic printing press. The articles were researched between 1913 - when the very first Lobato's article was published on OESP - and 1930 - a very important date for the history of the country and, therefore, for all the printing press - is organized in other analysis focus: a ) approaching of the theme and formal questions about Lobato's published articles; b) the participation of the writer during the OESP activities; c) the conception of newspaper and society to news and writers. The reading of the texts and the analysis carried out for both Lobato studies and Brazilian History of the printing press show the proximity of Lobato and OESP, at least during the new established and so poor Republic dealing about a society project for Brazilian people. The OESP is the place where Lobato's ideas dialogue deeply with other texts and writers, all impregnated with an objective of, through the science and the economical development, becoming Brazil the American power... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
Doutor

This thesis aims to analyze Emilio Frugoni, José G. Antuña and Carlos Quijano interpretations between Latin America and United States relationships in the XXth century. Since 1917 up to the sixties, these three uruguayan intellectuals approved or censored the Latin America and Pan American movements of integration, and contributed in a special way on americanism debate in Uruguay. Carlos Quijano criticized Pan America idea and by publicizing newspapers promoted the Latin America movement of integration. EmilioFrugoni was one of most important socialist intellectuals in Uruguay and, despite some initial disagreements, crossed his route with Carlos Quijano on proposing Latin American sovereign projects. On the contrary, José G. Antuña diverged with Emilio Frugoni and Carlos Quijano on shielding Pan America conception, articulating it to his conservative hispanism.
O principal objetivo da presente dissertação consiste em explicitar as interpretações dos intelectuais uruguaios Emilio Frugoni, José G. Antuña e Carlos Quijano sobre a América Latina e os Estados Unidos, de 1917 à década de 1960. Frugoni, Antuña e Quijano dedicaram especial atenção ao latino-americanismo e pan-americanismo, contribuindo de forma desigual e por caminhos divergentes para o fortalecimento do americanismo no Uruguai. Quijano foi um dos principais críticos uruguaios ao pan-americanismo e promoveu - por meio de uma destacada trajetória nos circuitos jornalísticos, políticos e universitários do Uruguai - a edificação de um projeto de união latino-americana, bem como de crítica antiimperialista. Frugoni foi o principal artífice do ideário socialista no Uruguai e, apesar de certas divergências iniciais, cruzou sua trajetória com Quijano, ao propor caminhos para a construção da soberania dos Estados latino-americanos. Antuña, por outro lado, foi um confesso adversário de Frugoni, mas também de Quijano, e atuou como um dos mais expressivos defensores do pan-americanismo no Uruguai, articulando-o ao hispanismo conservador.

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O presente estudo pretende demonstrar de modo geral e simplificado com base na teoria Semiótica de Peirce, como é possivel se analisar e descrever dispositivos legais, aqui propostos os artigos vetados do novo Código Florestal Brasileiro, buscando de certa forma trazer à luz suas ambiguidades, vaguezas, lacunas e ideologias subssumidas pelos textos. Para isso, abordamos o conceito de Linguagem proposto por Geraldi, passaremos pelo modelo comunicativo de Jackobson e adentraremos a Linguagem Jurídica, demosntrando o jogo inter-relacional da Semiótica como uma metalinguagem do Direito - sua Linguagem Objeto. Esta visão ficará mais clara logo em seguida, onde abarcaremos o estudo da Semiótica proposta por Peirce, que tem por objetivo o estudo dos apectos essenciais de todas as espécies de fenomenos produtor de significação, aqui o Direito; e por fim, traremos o estudo de caso com a análise e descrição semiótica dos artigos vetados do novo Código Florestal Brasileiro/2012, que nos demontrará como tais artigos, dependendo de seu conteúdo material, assumem as posturas supracitadas.
The present study intends in a general and simple way, based on Peirce's Semiotic Theory, to demonstrate how it is possible to analyse and describe legal dispositives, here consisted of the articles of the Brazilian Forestal Code, trying to turn manifest the ambiguities, gaps, ideologies subsumed under the text. In order to proceed in this intent we will present Geradi's concept of Language, and passing by Jackobson's communicative model, we will arrive at the Juridical Language, trying to establish the inter-relational playing between Semiotic as a Metalanguage of Law, while Law plays the role of Object-Language. In the following step, the assumed standpoint will become clearer with our approach of Peirce's Semiotics, whose aim is the study of the essential aspects of every kind of phenomena productive of signification, here represented by Law. Finally, we will proceed to a study of case through the semiotic analysis and description of the interposed articles of the new Brazilian Forestal Code, 2012, that will demonstrate that such articles, depending of their material content, assume the above mentioned postures.

1922 : annee de la proclamation de l'independance egyptienne. Mais il ne s'agit la que d'une independance de droit et non de fait. Il faudra en effet encore trentequatre ans aux egyptiens pour bouter hors d'egypte les britanniques, wui occupent le pays depuis 1882. Cette etude est une analyse des relations anglo-egyptiennes au cours de la periode allant de la proclamation de l'independance jusqu'a l'evacuation totale des troupes britanniques en 1956. Comment la grande-bretagne, apres que l'independance fut proclamee, continue-t-elle d'exeercer une grande influence sur les affaires interieur et exterieur de l'egypte? -quelles sont les etapes du nationalisme egyptien en qui conduiront a l'affranchissement total du pays? quelles sont les repercussions de la presence britannique sur les affaires interieures et exterieures de l'egypte? tels sont les trois points traites dans cette these
1922 : egypt's independence has just been proclaimed. But it is an independence de jure and not de facto. It will indeed take some thirty-four years more to the egyptians to oust the british from egypt, which has been occupied since 1882. This research work is an analysis of the anglo-egyptian relations during the period starting from the proclamation of the independence until the complete withdrawal of the british troops in 1956. - how will britain, after 1922, keep on having a great effet on egypt's affair? - what are the various stages of the egyptian nationalism which will lead the country to complete emancipation? - what are the consequential effects caused by the british presence on egypt's home and foreign policy

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O objetivo desta disserta??o ? discutir o processo de autonomiza??o da assinatura ?Gustavo Barroso? por meio do exame do discurso narrativo presente em Ideias e Palavras, em A Ronda dos S?culos e em Os Protocolos dos S?bios de Si?o, obras publicadas por Gustavo Adolfo Dodt Luiz Guilherme da Cunha Barroso entre 1917 e 1936. Defendemos a ideia de que Os Protocolos dos S?bios de Si?o constituem um novo texto produzido por Barroso a partir dos insumos das suas obras anteriores, e n?o simplesmente uma tradu??o da vers?o francesa do documento-marco do antissemitismo contempor?neo. Nesse intuito, baseamo-nos nos textos da Nova Hist?ria Pol?tica, da hist?ria do espa?o nacional e da Religi?o Pol?tica para percebermos como essa assinatura vai se adensando a partir da tese do imperialismo judaico e da afirma??o da nacionalidade brasileira, tendo em vista a produ??o de um discurso narrativo contra os judeus. Em respeito a isso, utilizamos como referencial metodol?gico os livros Narrative Discourse: An Essay in Method (1990) e Paratexts: Thresholds of interpretation (2001), de G?rard Genette, e dedicamos um cap?tulo da disserta??o para cada obra. No primeiro cap?tulo, caracterizamos o discurso narrativo de Ideias e Palavras, mostrando como a dubiedade da assinatura ?Jo?o do Norte (Gustavo Barroso)? explicita uma aprecia??o positiva dos judeus. No segundo cap?tulo, caracterizamos o discurso narrativo de A Ronda dos S?culos pensando a autonomia da assinatura e o processo de negativa??o dos judeus. No terceiro cap?tulo, analisamos o discurso narrativo dos Protocolos dos S?bios de Si?o e discutimos que a assinatura ?Gustavo Barroso?, j? aut?noma, assume a forma de antijuda?smo e antissemitismo. Demonstramos a continuidade da escala internacional como compreens?o espacial e temporal, a descri??o de ambientes f?sicos como pressuposto da psicologia dos personagens, a inser??o de p?ssaros como marca??o das clivagens na narrativa, o aparecimento da guerra como constante hist?rica, cita??o de judeus para discorrer sobre os judeus e a compreens?o da natureza humana como tendente ? destrui??o. Estudar os escritos de Gustavo Barroso ? importante na medida em que ele ? considerado o expoente do antissemitismo brasileiro, foi ele quem concatenou teoricamente o confluxo entre catolicismo e integralismo, de modo que ele se tornou um dos autores mais citados pelos antissemitas contempor?neos como uma forma legitimar as persegui??es ?s minorias e o pensamento autorit?rio.
This study aims discuss the process of autonomy of signature ?Gustavo Barroso? with the exam of the Narrative discourse present in Ideias e Palavras, A Ronda dos S?culos and Os Protocolos dos S?bios de Si?o, books published by intellectual Brazilian Gustavo Adolfo Dodt Luiz Guilherme da Cunha Barroso between 1917 and 1936. We defend the idea that Os Protocolos dos S?bios de Si?o [The Protocols of the Elders of Zion] constitute a new text, not simply a translation of French version. . In this sense, we are based on the texts of the New Political History, the history of the national space and the Political Religion, in order to understand how this signature builds on the thesis of the Jewish imperialism and the affirmation of Brazilian nationality, in view of the production of narrative discourse against the Jews. In this respect, we use as a methodological reference the books Narrative Discourse: An Essay in Method (1990) and Paratexts: Thresholds of interpretation (2001), by G?rard Genette, and dedicate a chapter of the dissertation for each work. In the first chapter, we characterize the narrative discourse of Ideias e Palavras, showing how the dubiousness of the signature "Jo?o do Norte (Gustavo Barroso)" makes explicit a positive appreciation of the Jews. In the second chapter, we characterized the narrative discourse of A Ronda dos S?culos, thinking about the autonomy of the signature and the process of negativation of the Jews. In the third chapter, we analyze the narrative discourse of Os Protocolos dos S?bios de Si?o and we discuss that signature "Gustavo Barroso" and Anti-semitism. We demonstrate the continuity of the international scale as spatial and temporal comprehension, the description of physical environments as a presupposition of the psychology of the characters, the insertion of birds as a mark of the cleavages in the narrative, the appearance of war as a historical constant, citation of Jews to discuss the Jews and the understanding of human nature as tending to destruction. Studying the writings of Gustavo Barroso is important insofar as he is considered the exponent of Brazilian anti-Semitism, it was he who theoretically concatenated the conflux between Catholicism and integralism, so that he became one of the authors most quoted by contemporary anti-Semites as a form legitimize persecution of minorities and authoritarian thinking.

La Première République tchécoslovaque naît en 1918. Les nouvelles autorités récupèrent largement l'ancienne administration de l'Empire Austro-Hongrois et, en particulier, sa police d'État, sans en réformer fondamentalement le fonctionnement ni en modifier l'encadrement en profondeur. À partir d'une étude sociologique centrée sur les relations de pouvoir nous cherchons à déterminer la signification de cette permanence et les conséquences qu'elle a eu sur le fonctionnement politique de la République ainsi que sur la crédibilité du changement par voie démocratique.