Relevant bibliographies by topics / 1930s and 1940s

Contents

  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Academic literature on the topic '1930s and 1940s'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 15 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "1930s and 1940s"

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Eero, Margit. "Reconstructing the population dynamics of sprat (Sprattus sprattus balticus) in the Baltic Sea in the 20th century." ICES Journal of Marine Science 69, no. 6 (2012): 1010–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/icesjms/fss051.

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Abstract Eero, M. 2012. Reconstructing the population dynamics of sprat (Sprattus sprattus balticus) in the Baltic Sea in the 20th century. – ICES Journal of Marine Science, 69: 1010–1018 . Long time-series of population dynamics are increasingly needed in order to understand human impacts on marine ecosystems and support their sustainable management. In this study, the estimates of sprat (Sprattus sprattus balticus) biomass in the Baltic Sea were extended back from the beginning of ICES stock assessments in 1974 to the early 1900s. The analyses identified peaks in sprat spawner biomass in the beginning of the 1930s, 1960s, and 1970s at ∼900 kt. Only a half of that biomass was estimated for the late 1930s, for the period from the late 1940s to the mid-1950s, and for the mid-1960s. For the 1900s, fisheries landings suggest a relatively high biomass, similar to the early 1930s. The exploitation rate of sprat was low until the development of pelagic fisheries in the 1960s. Spatially resolved analyses from the 1960s onwards demonstrate changes in the distribution of sprat biomass over time. The average body weight of sprat by age in the 1950s to 1970s was higher than at present, but lower than during the 1980s to 1990s. The results of this study facilitate new analyses of the effects of climate, predation, and anthropogenic drivers on sprat, and contribute to setting long-term management strategies for the Baltic Sea.
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Jost, Timothy Stoltzfus. "Eight Decades of Discouragement: The History of Health Care Cost Containment in the USA." Forum for Health Economics and Policy 15, no. 3 (2012): 53–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/fhep-2012-0009.

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Abstract This chapter traces the history of attempts at cost control in the United States from the origins of our modern health care financing system in the 1930s and 1940s, through health care cost regulation in the 1970s, and the deregulatory 1980s and 1990s, to the Affordable Care Act.
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Schultz, Sally M., and Roxanne T. Johnson. "INCOME TAX ALLOCATION: THE CONTINUING CONTROVERSY IN HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVE." Accounting Historians Journal 25, no. 2 (1998): 81–111. http://dx.doi.org/10.2308/0148-4184.25.2.81.

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The appropriate means of accounting for income taxes on financial statements has been among the most hotly debated and frequently recycled issues of the past 50 years. This retrospective account begins with the issuance of the first professional standards during the 1930s and 1940s, and illustrates how theoretical arguments, developed in professional and academic journals during the 1950s, were subsequently recycled and revised during later decades. The problems that led to reconsideration of the deferred tax issue by both the APB during the 1960s and the FASB during the 1980s and 1990s are discussed, as are the solutions offered by these standard setters.
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Adom Getachew Talks to Ashish Ghadiali. "World makers of the Black Atlantic." Soundings 75, no. 75 (2020): 180–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.3898/soun.75.11.2020.

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In Worldmaking After Empire, Adom Getachew challenges standard histories of decolonisation, which chart the story of a simple shift from empire to independent nationhood. She shows that supporters of decolonisation have always sought to create something much more than nationalisms: they have engaged in a dynamic and rival system of revolutionary worldmaking, seeking an alternative international system that could replace the old inequitable dispensation. She charts this decolonial project from its roots in the works of Black Atlantic thinkers like W.E.B. Du Bois and C.L.R. James in the 1920s and 1930s. The key events she tracks are the challenges the project faced in the United Nations in the 1940s and 1950s; attempts at regional federation in late 1950s and 1960s; and the emergence of the New International Economic Order in the 1960s and 1970s. This a twentieth century tradition now ripe to be reclaimed and revived.
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Didenko, К. "INVOLVEMENT OF THE THEORY OF SOCIAL CONSTRUCTION FOR CONSIDERATION OF ARCHITECTURAL AND CITY BUILDING PRACTICE." Municipal economy of cities 1, no. 154 (2020): 185–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.33042/2522-1809-2020-1-154-185-191.

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Social aspects of the formation of architectural complexes in metropolian Kharkov have not yet been analyzed in homeland architectural theory. The study into "Kharkov constructivism", due to unfortunate historical ocurrence, is still in fact at the initial stage. Thesises of Kharkov authors illuminate this phenomenon in general or analyze some of the most significant sights. Approaches to the study of social aspects of architecture and urban development went through several stages. Architectural theory of the late 1940s- the beginning of 1950s was sharply critical of the architectural and urban planning experiments in the 1920s. The XXth century Soviet history of architecture in the 1960s and 1970s was marked by ideological rehabilitation of constructivism, including social experiments of the 1920s - early 1930s. A turn from apologetics of the 1960s - 1980s to critical analysis of the architecture and urban development of the avant-garde was indicated at the beginning of 2000s by the studies considering Soviet architectural and urban planning practice in the context of public behavior management as a tool for structuring general population to achieve political goals. Foreign studies into the Soviet avant-garde sprang up in the 1970s - early 1980s affected by Western sociology where architecture began to be viewed as a tool for managing social processes and new types of structures and models of urban planning organization- as “a transition from social to material”. Many studies highlighted the influence of Soviet architectural and urban planning programs of the 1920s and 1930s on the system and structure of public consciousness. There was established that large-scale housing, cultural and domestic construction was carried out as part of the capital's administrative and government center creation programs and the formation of an industrial complex. There were identified four conceptual approaches for housing construction, they were consistently implemented during the realization of the two above-mentioned programs: garden city, communal house, housing complex and social city. In these programs, the concepts of "garden city" and "communal houses" were practically tested and reasonably rejected, and the most productive models were residential complexes and social city. Keywords: social construction, architectural and urban concepts, soviet human, metropolian Kharkov.
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Ramsey, Justin, and Tara S. Ramsey. "Ecological studies of polyploidy in the 100 years following its discovery." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 369, no. 1648 (2014): 20130352. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2013.0352.

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Polyploidy is a mutation with profound phenotypic consequences and thus hypothesized to have transformative effects in plant ecology. This is most often considered in the context of geographical and environmental distributions—as achieved from divergence of physiological and life-history traits—but may also include species interactions and biological invasion. This paper presents a historical overview of hypotheses and empirical data regarding the ecology of polyploids. Early researchers of polyploidy (1910s–1930s) were geneticists by training but nonetheless savvy to its phenotypic effects, and speculated on the importance of genome duplication to adaptation and crop improvement. Cytogenetic studies in the 1930s–1950s indicated that polyploids are larger (sturdier foliage, thicker stems and taller stature) than diploids while cytogeographic surveys suggested that polyploids and diploids have allopatric or parapatric distributions. Although autopolyploidy was initially regarded as common, influential writings by North American botanists in the 1940s and 1950s argued for the principle role of allopolyploidy; according to this view, genome duplication was significant for providing a broader canvas for hybridization rather than for its phenotypic effects per se . The emphasis on allopolyploidy had a chilling effect on nascent ecological work, in part due to taxonomic challenges posed by interspecific hybridization. Nonetheless, biosystematic efforts over the next few decades (1950s–1970s) laid the foundation for ecological research by documenting cytotype distributions and identifying phenotypic correlates of polyploidy. Rigorous investigation of polyploid ecology was achieved in the 1980s and 1990s by population biologists who leveraged flow cytometry for comparative work in autopolyploid complexes. These efforts revealed multi-faceted ecological and phenotypic differences, some of which may be direct consequences of genome duplication. Several classical hypotheses about the ecology of polyploids remain untested, however, and allopolyploidy—regarded by most botanists as the primary mode of genome duplication—is largely unstudied in an ecological context.
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Uchvatov, Pavel S. "THE CHANGE OF GENERATIONS IN THE SOVIET REGIONAL ELITE (on the example of the Mordovian ASSR government in 1934–1991)." Historical Search 2, no. 2 (2021): 46–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.47026/2712-9454-2021-2-2-46-57.

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The article examines the development of the regional elite in the Soviet historical era using the example of the supreme state administration authority of a one particular autonomous republic. Several transformation stages in the elite of functionaries that was in power in Mordovia from the 1930s to 1991:
 
 1) early 1930s – mid-1937 The national elite, formed during the Mordovian statehood formation, consisted, first, of autonomy supporters who were active in the 1920s; secondly, of people who came to the system of power as a result of Soviet «localization policy» applied to the control organs. They held leading positions until mass political repressions of 1937–1938.;
 
 2) the end of the 1930s – the first half of the 1950s. There was an advancement of representatives of the so-called Stalinist control organs. Soviet «localization policy» was curtailed, and the number of the Moravians in the Soviet authorities decreased; the majority in the Council of People’s Commissars of the Mordovian ASSR was relatively young managers aged 30–40 years. Despite a frequent change of personnel, already in the second half of the 1940s there was a tendency of relative stabilization in the government composition;
 
 3) mid-1950s – late 1960s. A core of experienced leaders who were working in their positions for quite a long time formed in the Council of Ministers. Its chairman I.P. Astaykin, who held this position for more than 15 years, had a great influence on the government;
 
 4) the 1970s – late 1980s. After the change in the Republican party leadership, representatives of a new generation came to power. However, renewal of personnel was subsequently replaced by «stagnant» phenomena: a long stay in power of individual managers, gradual aging of the Council of Ministers members, the growth of the total number of managers;
 
 5) late 1980s – 1991 As a result of the union center’s initiatives, as well as attainment of the maximum age by many regional leaders, there was some renewal in the composition of the Council of Ministers. But the old party and economic nomenclature continued to maintain its position in the republic until the very end of the Soviet system.
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Decker, Todd. "Fancy Meeting You Here: Pioneers of the Concept Album." Daedalus 142, no. 4 (2013): 98–108. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/daed_a_00233.

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The introduction of the long-playing record in 1948 was the most aesthetically significant technological change in the century of the recorded music disc. The new format challenged record producers and recording artists of the 1950s to group sets of songs into marketable wholes and led to a first generation of concept albums that predate more celebrated examples by rock bands from the 1960s. Two strategies used to unify concept albums in the 1950s stand out. The first brought together performers unlikely to collaborate in the world of live music making. The second strategy featured well-known singers in songwriter-or performer-centered albums of songs from the 1920s, 1930s, and 1940s recorded in contemporary musical styles. Recording artists discussed include Fred Astaire, Ella Fitzgerald, and Rosemary Clooney, among others.
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Torma, Franziska. "Frontiers of Visibility." Transfers 3, no. 2 (2013): 24–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.3167/trans.2013.030203.

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This article deals with the history of underwater film and the role that increased mobility plays in the exploration of nature. Drawing on research on the exploration of the ocean, it analyzes the production of popular images of the sea. The entry of humans into the depths of the oceans in the twentieth century did not revitalize myths of mermaids but rather retold oceanic myths in a modern fashion. Three stages stand out in this evolution of diving mobility. In the 1920s and 1930s, scenes of divers walking under water were the dominant motif. From the 1940s to the 1960s, use of autonomous diving equipment led to a modern incarnation of the “mermen“ myth. From the 1950s to the 1970s, cinematic technology was able to create visions of entire oceanic ecosystems. Underwater films contributed to the period of machine-age exploration in a very particular way: they made virtual voyages of the ocean possible and thus helped to shape the current understanding of the oceans as part of Planet Earth.
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Duan, J., L. Wang, L. Li, and Y. Sun. "Tree-ring inferred glacier mass balance variation in southeastern Tibetan Plateau and its linkage with climate variability." Climate of the Past Discussions 9, no. 4 (2013): 3663–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/cpd-9-3663-2013.

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Abstract. A large number of glaciers in the Tibetan Plateau (TP) have experienced wastage in recent decades. And the wastage is different from region to region, even from glacier to glacier. A better understanding of long-term glacier variations and their linkage with climate variability requires extending the presently observed records. Here we present the first tree-ring-based glacier mass balance (MB) reconstruction in the TP, performed at the Hailuogou Glacier in southeastern TP during 1865–2007. The reconstructed MB is characterized mainly by ablation over the past 143 yr, and typical melting periods occurs in 1910s–1920s, 1930s–1960s, 1970s–1980s, and the last 20 yr. After the 1900s, only a few short periods (i.e., 1920s–1930s, the 1960s and the late 1980s) is characterized by accumulation. These variations can be validated by the terminus retreat velocity of the Hailuogou Glacier and the ice-core accumulation rate in Guliya and respond well to regional and Northern Hemisphere temperature anomaly. In addition, the reconstructed MB is significantly and negatively correlated with August-September all-Indian monsoon precipitation (AIR) (r1871–2008= −0.342, p < 0.0001). These results suggest that temperature variability is the dominant factor for the long-term MB variation at the Hailuogou Glacier. Indian summer monsoon precipitation doesn't affect the MB variation, yet the significant negative correlation between the MB and the AIR implies the positive effect of summer heating of the TP on Indian summer monsoon precipitation.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "1930s and 1940s"

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Liao, Yen Jen Yvonne. "Western music and municipality in 1930s and 1940s Shanghai." Thesis, King's College London (University of London), 2017. https://kclpure.kcl.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/western-music-and-municipality-in-1930s-and-1940s-shanghai(aafa1e93-7c19-44d9-8c77-df226ed5d568).html.

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The aim of this thesis is to examine the complex relationship between western music and municipality in 1930s and 1940s Shanghai. The objective is to carry out an inquiry into musical venues, municipal policies and ideas of musical sound in a fragmented administrative geography. Music historians have yet to research in tandem municipalities of the British and French settlers, Japanese military and the Chinese Nationalists—an alternative historical modelling that nuances studies of 1930s and 1940s Shanghai as a global and colonial metropolis. In terms of the evidence, the thesis draws on documentary sources in Chinese, English, French and German from Shanghai’s treaty port, war and postwar years. Surviving materials extend from concert programmes, used scores and musical advertisements to venue licences and tax correspondence. The four main chapters function as case studies; each is located in a specific municipality. Chapter One discusses the International Settlement: British settlers’ sonic values and the aural phenomenon of the Shanghai Municipal Brass Band in the parks. Chapter Two discusses the French Concession: the sonic regulation of the French Municipal Council and the jarring but no less ‘French’ entertainment of eateries. Chapter Three discusses ‘Little Vienna’ in Japanese-occupied Shanghai: the landscape of European Jewish cafés and their sound worlds of Unterhaltungsmusik in the Restricted Sector for Stateless Refugees. Chapter Four discusses Nationalist Shanghai: eateries’ claims of a distinct musical sound in the context of an anti-music tax policy. The Epilogue shifts from ‘1930s and 1940s Shanghai’ as a matter of music history to matters of historiography, first exploring reproduction maps and repositories, then outlining some further directions for an archival musicology. In terms of its overall contribution, the thesis brings to light not only Shanghai’s western musical venues and municipal policies, but also the peculiar geography of a city of cities, multinational yet divided.
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Snoyman, Natalie. ""In to Stay" : Selling Three-Strip Technicolor and Fashion in the 1930s and 1940s." Doctoral thesis, Stockholms universitet, Institutionen för mediestudier, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-146279.

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This study investigates the relationship between the fashion and film industries during the classical era between the early 1930s and mid-1940s. It focuses on the three-strip Technicolor process as the binding force upon which these two industries relied in collaborations during that time and looks at technical challenges the new process presented to productions in terms of wardrobe design. Another issue explored is fashion’s role in the actual development of the three-strip process, allowing the Technicolor laboratory to improve the technology through a popular, marketable, and readily available product. Using Technicolor as a point of focus and continuity, this dissertation explores different types of productions filmed in the three-strip process, including shorts and newsreels, industrial and sponsored films, as well as feature-length films.  Drawing from a wide range of archival material and a highly interdisciplinary approach, the study delves into the relationship between the fashion and film industries. While the ties between them have been strong since the advent of cinema, previous research has approached their relationship almost exclusively from a promotional perspective. Technicolor’s multifaceted affiliation with the fashion industry, however, warrants a more thorough investigation and this dissertation takes steps towards expanding that research area through a series of case studies. The first chapter provides an overview of color film methods that preceded three-strip Technicolor and outlines some of the key discourses involving color and realism. Chapter 2 addresses the intertwined relationship between the fashion and film industries through a study of fashion department in the popular fan magazine Photoplay and also examines the use of color in that publication. Chapter 3 investigates the fashion short as a vehicle for demonstrating the commercial potential of the three-strip process. It does this by examining the making and promotion of Vyvyan Donner’s Fashion Forecast series. This chapter also looks at the specific work carried out by Technicolor’s Color Control Department. Chapter 4 explores industrial and sponsored films in three-strip Technicolor for the fashion industry with an emphasis on those made to promote rayon. The second half of this chapter examines the 1930/1940 seasons of the New York World’s Fair, focusing on the presence there of Technicolor and the American rayon industry. Lastly, Chapter 5 looks at three-strip Technicolor in feature-length films by considering its collaborations with the fashion industry that took place in the classical era. This chapter also examines design considerations made regarding wardrobe in those films.  The study concludes that color’s versatility made it incredibly influential on consumer culture and was key to ventures between the fashion and film industries in this era and beyond. It also ultimately demonstrates the ways in which color, fashion, and film intersected and complemented one another in terms of their aesthetic and commercial commonalities.
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Chen, Szu-Wei. "The music industry and popular song in 1930s and 1940s Shanghai : a historical and stylistic analysis." Thesis, University of Stirling, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1893/202.

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In 1930s and 1940s Shanghai, musicians and artists from different cultures and varied backgrounds joined and made the golden age of Shanghai popular song which suggests the beginnings of Chinese popular music in modern times. However, Shanghai popular song has long been neglected in most works about the modern history of Chinese music and remains an unexplored area in Shanghai studies. This study aims to reconstruct a historical view of the Shanghai popular music industry and make a stylistic analysis of its musical products. The research is undertaken at two levels: first, understanding the operating mechanism of the ‘platform’ and second, investigating the components of the ‘products’. By contrasting the hypothetical flowchart of the Shanghai popular music industry, details of the producing, selling and consuming processes are retrieved from various historical sources to reconstruct the industry platform. Through the first level of research, it is found that the rising new media and the flourishing entertainment industry profoundly influenced the development of Shanghai popular song. In addition, social and political changes and changes in business practices and the organisational structure of foreign record companies also contributed to the vast production, popularity and commercial success of Shanghai popular song. From the composition-performance view of song creation, the second level of research reveals that Chinese and Western musical elements both existed in the musical products. The Chinese vocal technique, Western bel canto and instruments from both musical traditions were all found in historical recordings. When ignoring the distinctive nature of pentatonicism but treating Chinese melodies as those on Western scales, Chinese-style tunes could be easily accompanied by chordal harmony. However, the Chinese heterophonic feature was lost in the Western accompaniment texture. Moreover, it is also found that the traditional rules governing the relationship between words and the melody was dismissed in Shanghai popular songwriting. The findings of this study fill in the neglected part in modern history of Chinese music and add to the literature on the under-explored musical area in Shanghai studies. Moreover, this study also demonstrates that against a map illustrating how musical products moved from record companies to consumers along with all other involved participants, the history of popular music can be rediscovered systematically by using songs as evidence, treating media material carefully and tracking down archives and surviving participants.
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馮文基 and Man-ki Fung. "Sociologists, history, and modernity: some observations on the development of sociology in China, 1930s and 1940s." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1989. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B43893223.

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Fung, Man-ki. "Sociologists, history, and modernity : some observations on the development of sociology in China, 1930s and 1940s /." [Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong], 1989. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B12569434.

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Suggs, Vickie Leverne. "The Production of Political Discourse: Annual Radio Addresses of Black College Presidents During the 1930s and 1940s." Digital Archive @ GSU, 2009. http://digitalarchive.gsu.edu/eps_diss/33.

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The social and political role of Black college presidents in the 1930s and 1940s via annual radio addresses is a relevant example of how the medium of the day was used as an apparatus for individual and institutional agency. The nationalist agenda of the United States federal government indirectly led to the opportunity for Black college leadership to address the rhetoric of democracy, patriotism, and unified citizenship. The research focuses on the social positioning of the radio addresses as well as their role in the advancement of Black Americans. The primary question that informs the research is whether the 1930s and 1940s was a period of rising consciousness for Black America. The aim of this study is to examine the significance of radio during the pre- to post-war era, its parallel use by the United States federal government and historically Black colleges and universities (HBCUs), and the interrelationship between education, politics, and society. The use of social history allows historical evidence to be viewed from the lens of identifying social trends. The social trends of the period examined include the analysis of economics, politics, and education. An additional benefit of using social history is the way in which it examines the masses and how they help shape history in conjunction with the leaders of a given period of examination. The research method also entails an in-depth analysis of 14 annual radio addresses delivered by three Black college presidents in the South during the 1930s and 1940s: Mordecai W. Johnson, James E. Shepard, and Benjamin E. Mays. Common themes found among radio addresses include morality and ethical behavior; economic, political, and social equality; access and inclusion in a democratic society; and a collective commitment to a just society. Black education as a form of racial uplift unveiled the meaning of access and the collective advancement of the race. Agreeing to deliver the radio addresses as a part of government-sponsored programming resulted in an inter-racial alliance between Black college leadership and the federal government. To this end, Black college leadership operationalized their access and education to benefit the needs of their race.
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Suggs, Vickie L. "The production of political discourse annual radio addresses of Black college presidents during the 1930s and 1940s /." unrestricted, 2008. http://etd.gsu.edu/theses/available/etd-07242008-220731/.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Georgia State University, 2008.<br>Title from file title page. Philo Hutcheson, committee chair; Richard Lakes, Marybeth Gasman, Joyce King, committee members. Description based on contents viewed Nov. 13, 2009. Includes bibliographical references (p. 159-165).
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Shin, Boram. "Between the Uzbek and the Soviet : Uzbek identity construction through Soviet culture from the 1930s to 1940s." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2015. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.709314.

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Schonbach, Morris. "Native American Fascism during the 1930s and 1940s a study of its roots, its growth, and its decline /." New York : Garland Pub, 1985. http://catalog.hathitrust.org/api/volumes/oclc/12419923.html.

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Zhang, Liao. "Maximizing Soviet Interests in Xinjiang: The USSR’s Penetration in Xinjiang from the Mid-1930s to the Early 1940s." The Ohio State University, 2012. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1338326445.

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Books on the topic "1930s and 1940s"

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Kibata, Yoichi. Anglo-Japanese in the 1930s and 1940s. London School of Economics and Political Science, 1986.

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British politics in the 1930s and 1940s. Cambridge University Press, 1987.

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1949-, Adams Henry, Lenz Emily, and D. Wigmore Fine Art, Inc, eds. Charles Green Shaw (1892-1974): The 1930s & 1940s. D. Wigmore Fine Art, Inc., 2007.

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Suzanne, Silverthorn, ed. Dolls and accessories of the 1930s and 1940s. Schiffer Publishing, 2002.

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Harriett, Swedberg, ed. Furniture of the depression era: Furniture and accessories of the 1920s, 1930s, and 1940s. Collector Books, 1996.

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Swedberg, Robert W. Furniture of the depression era: Furniture and accessories of the 1920s, 1930s, and 1940s. Collector Books, 1987.

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Maund, Mary. My memories of Pudleston in the 1930s and 1940s. the Author, 1994.

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Russell, Eric W. Wheels and things: 1930s, 1940s, places, transport, friends, people, adverts, events. Brewin Books, 1996.

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English journeys: National and cultural identity in 1930s and 1940s England. Cambria Press, 2012.

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Loeb, Susanna. The effect of measured school inputs on academic achievement: Evidence from the 1920s, 1930s and 1940s birth cohorts. National Bureau of Economic Research, 1995.

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Book chapters on the topic "1930s and 1940s"

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Blamires, Harry. "Today the struggle The 1930s and 1940s." In Twentieth-Century English Literature. Palgrave Macmillan UK, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-18511-5_7.

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Kirby, David A. "Censoring Science in 1930s and 1940s Hollywood Cinema." In ACS Symposium Series. American Chemical Society, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/bk-2013-1139.ch019.

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Kurmangaliyeva Ercilasun, Guljanat. "Famine in Kyrgyzstan in the 1930s and 1940s." In Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, and Uzbekistan. Palgrave Macmillan US, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/978-1-137-52236-8_3.

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Macdonald, Kate. "Aggressive Reactions: Yates in the 1930s and 1940s." In Novelists Against Social Change. Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-137-45772-1_6.

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Goodwin, Ken. "Major new voices of the 1930s and 1940s." In A History of Australian Literature. Macmillan Education UK, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-18177-3_6.

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George, Jodi-Anne. "The Monsters Meet the Critics: the 1930s and 1940s." In Beowulf. Macmillan Education UK, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-137-09801-6_4.

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Pirozhkov, Serhii. "Population Loss in Ukraine in the 1930s and 1940s." In Ukrainian Past, Ukrainian Present. Palgrave Macmillan UK, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-22671-9_6.

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Varfolomeev, Sergey, Nataliya Basova, Sofya Lushchekina, Patrick Masson, Sergey Moralev, and Evgeniy Rozengart. "Research on cholinesterases in the Soviet Union and Russia." In ORGANOPHOSPHORUS NEUROTOXINS. Publishing Center RIOR, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.29039/12_035-043.

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This work presents the historical aspect of the study of cholinesterases and the effects of their inhibition by organophosphorus compounds, which were carried out in the USSR and Russia, from the 1930s–1940s to the present.
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Varfolomeev, Sergey, Nataliya Basova, Sofya Lushchekina, Patrick Masson, Sergey Moralev, and Evgeniy Rozengart. "Research on cholinesterases in the Soviet Union and Russia." In Organophosphorous Neurotoxins. Publishing Center RIOR, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.29039/chapter_5e4132b5ec8217.46437513.

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This work presents the historical aspect of the study of cholinesterases and the effects of their inhibition by organophosphorus compounds, which were carried out in the USSR and Russia, from the 1930s-1940s to the present.
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Pang, Les. "Radio Frequency IdentificationTechnology in Digital Government." In Information Security and Ethics. IGI Global, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-59904-937-3.ch174.

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Following technical strides in radio and radar in the 1930s and 1940s, the 1950s were a period of exploration for radio frequency identity (RFID) technology as shown by the landmark development of the long-range transponder systems for the “identification, friend or foe” for aircraft. Commercial use of RFID appeared in the 1960s, such as electronic article surveillance systems in retail stores to prevent theft. The 1970s were characterized by developmental work resulting in applications for animal tracking, vehicle tracking, and factory automation. RFID technology exploded during the 1980s in the areas of transportation and, to a lesser extent, personnel access and animals. Wider deployment of RFID tags for automated toll collection happened in the 1990s. Also, there was growing interest of RFID for logistics and having it work along side with bar codes. In the beginning of the 21st century, the application of RFID technology has been ubiquitous and now it is practically part of everyday life (Landt, 2001).
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Conference papers on the topic "1930s and 1940s"

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Zhao, Peiqing. "Cholera Epidemic Prevention in Ningbo in 1930s and 1940s." In 7th International Conference on Humanities and Social Science Research (ICHSSR 2021). Atlantis Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/assehr.k.210519.236.

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Schwartz, Mischa. "Improving the noise performance of communication systems: 1930s to early 1940s." In 2008 IEEE History of Telecommunications Conference - "From Semaphone to Cellular Radio Telecommunications". IEEE, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/histelcon.2008.4668718.

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Pioro, Igor. "Heat-Transfer at Supercritical Pressures." In 2010 14th International Heat Transfer Conference. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ihtc14-23403.

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The first works devoted to the problem of heat transfer at supercritical pressures started as early as the 1930s. E. Schmidt and his associates investigated free-convection heat transfer to fluids at the near-critical point with the objective of developing a new effective cooling system for turbine blades in jet engines. In the 1950s, the idea of using supercritical “steam”-water appeared to be rather attractive for steam generators / turbines to increase thermal efficiency of fossil-fired power plants. Intensive work on this subject was mainly performed in the former USSR and in the USA in the 1950s–1980s. Therefore, the most investigated flow geometry at supercritical pressures is circular tubes with water as the coolant. Currently, using supercritical “steam” in fossil-fired power plants is the largest industrial application of fluids at supercritical pressures. At the end of the 1950s and the beginning of the 1960s, some studies were conducted to investigate the possibility of using supercritical water as a coolant in nuclear reactors. Several concepts of nuclear reactors were developed. However, this idea was abandoned for almost 30 years, and then regained momentum in the 1990s as a means to improve the performance of water-cooled nuclear reactors. Main objectives of using supercritical water in nuclear reactors are increasing the efficiency of modern nuclear power plants, which is currently 30–35%, to circa 43–50%, and decreasing operational and capital costs by eliminating steam generators, steam separators, steam dryers, etc. Therefore, objectives of the current paper are to assess the work that was performed and to understand specifics of heat transfer at supercritical pressures.
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Brown, Peter, and David McCauley. "Port Hope Area Initiative." In ASME 2003 9th International Conference on Radioactive Waste Management and Environmental Remediation. ASMEDC, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icem2003-4675.

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The Port Hope Area Initiative involves a process that will lead to the cleanup of low-level radioactive wastes in two communities in Southern Ontario and the construction of three new long-term waste management facilities in those communities. The history of the Initiative provides important insights into local participation and the successes and failures of siting efforts. The wastes resulted from the operations of an industrial process in Port Hope that began in the 1930s. Initially, wastes (contaminated with radium, uranium, and arsenic) from radium processing were deposited in a relatively uncontrolled manner at various locations within the town. By the 1940s, uranium processing wastes were deposited at nearby purpose-built radioactive waste management facilities. The problem of contamination was first recognized in 1974 and the worst cases quickly cleaned up. However, large volumes of contamination remained in the community. There were three successive efforts to develop an approach to deal with the area’s contamination. In the early to mid 1980s, a standard approach was employed; i.e. indentifying the most technically appropriate local site for a disposal facility, proceeding to evaluate that site, and communicating the benefits of the chosen approach to the local community. That approach was resoundingly rejected by local citizens and government representatives. The second effort, an innovative and consultative voluntary siting effort carried out during the late-1980s and early to mid-1990s involved the solicitation of other municipalities to volunteer to host a facility for the disposal of the Port Hope areas wastes. That effort resulted in the identification of a single volunteer community. However, negotiations between the federal government and the municipality were unable to reach an acceptable agreement establishing the conditions for the community to host the waste management facility. The third effort, a community-driven approach, was undertaken in the late-1990s and resulted in an agreement in 2001 between the Government of Canada and the local communities that sets in motion a process for the cleanup of the local wastes and long-term management in new local waste management facilities. This paper provides insights into the history of the problem, the efforts of the federal government over the last two decades to deal with the issue, how local participation and decision-making processes affected the successes of the various siting approaches, and lessons learned that might be of interest to others who must deal with environmental remediation situations that involve siting long-term management facilities.
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Matveeva, I. I. "Two Yushki: Andrey Platonov in search of a positive hero." In SCIENCE OF RUSSIA: GOALS AND OBJECTIVES. L-Journal, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.18411/sr-10-12-2020-22.

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The article describes the semantic, autobiographical, historical and literary contexts of one unusual name, which is discovered several times in the creative works of Andrei Platonov of different periods. The author of the article examines the etymology of the name Yushka, analyzes the stories “Yushka”, “At the Dawn of Hazy Youth”, Platonov's correspondence, plunges into the historical and literary situation of the 1930s – 1940s, connects it with the idea of the analyzed works. Contradictory to the widespread belief that the story "Yushka" was Platonov's response to A. Gurvich's article, the author believes that Platonov answered many critics with this story. In the stories, which, according to the author, constitute a dilogy Platonov presented the ideal hero of the era and an example of the attitude of criticism to the writer and man.
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Amend, Bill. "Early Generation Pipeline Girth Welding Practices and Their Implications for Integrity Management of North American Pipelines." In 2010 8th International Pipeline Conference. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ipc2010-31294.

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The characteristics of early generation pipelines (i.e., “vintage pipelines”) reflect the rapid evolution of pipeline materials, welding, and inspection practices that occurred during the first half of the twentieth century. The diverse range of welding and inspection practices and the unique characteristics of early generation pipeline welds can influence pipeline segment risk ranking and integrity assessment. This paper summarizes some of the key findings regarding girth weld fabrication, performance and integrity assessment determined during the course of a literature review performed as part of a recently completed PRCI project. Some of the key findings include: 1. The failure rate of early generation girth welds is low, particularly for welds made by arc welding and for welds made after 1930. This is especially true when considering the rate of catastrophic failures (ruptures or nearly full circumference breaks). Welds are typically reported to be responsible for no more than about 6% of significant pipeline failures. 2. Pipeline girth welds are unlikely to fail unless subjected to axial strains that far exceed the strains related to internal pressure alone. Girth welds containing significant workmanship flaws are likely to be resistant to failure at stresses less than the pipe yield strength unless the welds are undermatched and/or are susceptible to brittle fracture initiation. Common mechanical tests, such as Charpy impact testing or CTOD tests may result in grossly conservative indications of the likelihood of brittle fracture occurring in vintage girth welds. 3. A diverse range of early generation girth weld joint designs exist, some of which hamper effective inspection using ILI or represent challenges to effective assessment using conventional fitness-for-service or engineering critical assessment methods (ECA). Effective probabilistic ECA is further hampered by wide variations in workmanship and difficulty in determining mechanical property distributions. 4. Pipeline vintage is a poor indicator of girth weld integrity. Pipeline girth weld integrity is more likely related to project-specific inspection and testing practices than to pipeline age. Welding and inspection practices evolved very quickly in the 1920s through the 1940s and a wide range of practices were used on different pipelines that were constructed in the same time period. Girth weld integrity is typically highest for post 1930s pipelines that were subjected to radiographic inspection.
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Pearce, John A. "FEM Numerical Model Comparison of Skin Thermal Damage Models to Experimental Results." In ASME 2010 Summer Bioengineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/sbc2010-19437.

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Prediction of the threshold of skin burns from radio frequency (RF) current is clinically relevant. The classical studies on skin burns in the 1940s and 1950s [1–3] continue to be the most often cited and utilized framework. In the early 1980s an experimental study of radio frequency (RF) current [4] utilized circular disk electrodes applied to pig skin to create skin burns. A preliminary model of one of the more severe burn experiments has been described [5]. The objective of this study was to inspect the threshold skin damage experiment [3] and apply a recent model for micro-vascular disruption [6].
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Semushev, I. N. "A.V. BURDUKOV ABOUT MONGOLIA IN THE 1910S-1920s." In Россия и Монголия в ХХ-XXI вв.: к 100-летию монгольской революции и установления дипломатических отношений. Сибирское отделение РАН, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.53954/9785604607886_99.

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Bal, Oğuz. "Theoretical Foundations of Privatization and Results in Turkey." In International Conference on Eurasian Economies. Eurasian Economists Association, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.36880/c04.00614.

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Liberal economic order, businesses efficiency, productivity and profitability, competition for work is present in accordance with the principles defended private property order. As sistematical the main foundations of economic liberalism created by Adam Smith. Then, his prenciples developed by evolving Classic School, continued to the sovereignty until the Great Depression of 1929. I.World War took place in an environment dominated by Classical Ekol During, and after the war, from the principles of Classical School had not doubt. In 1936, John Maynard Keynes, the basic assumptions of the classical school refused. Following the II. World War; the 1950s and 1960s,sounds of the proponents of the liberal principles, was not strong as much as Keynesians. In the 1970s, emerged the world's most developed economy ABD, the high unemployment and inflation. Until 1973, wasn’t confronted with a serious crisis. Content of the neo-liberal economic policies between 1975-1980 was adopted. Since the 1980s, heavily affecting the world economy started to implement neoliberal policies. Acceleration of privatization, taxes, discounts for large scale unemployment, increase monetary measures to keep inflation under control was applied. In this article, on eight chapters were created. In the chapters, concept, scope and content, historical background of privatization, investigated material causes that give rise to privatization, the basic bases of privatization, the ideological foundations of privatization. Privatization aims were discussed, and was given examples of countries is characterized by intense privatization. The general results and in Turkey latests cases were discussed.
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BLUM, BRUCE. "A paradigm for the 1990s validated in the 1980s." In 7th Computers in Aerospace Conference. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.2514/6.1989-3041.

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Reports on the topic "1930s and 1940s"

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Loeb, Susanna, and John Bound. The Effect of Measured School Inputs on Academic Achievement: Evidence from the 1920s, 1930s and 1940s Birth Cohorts. National Bureau of Economic Research, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w5331.

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Knapp, George E. Buffalo Soldiers at Fort Leavenworth in the 1930s and Early 1940s: Interviews Conducted by Major George E. Knapp. Defense Technical Information Center, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada635647.

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Card, David, John DiNardo, and Eugena Estes. The More Things Change: Immigrants and the Children of Immigrants in the 1940s, the 1970s, and the 1990s. National Bureau of Economic Research, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w6519.

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Eichengreen, Barry, and Richard Portes. Dealing With Debt: The 1930s and the 1980s. National Bureau of Economic Research, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w2867.

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Hendershott, Patric, and Joe Peek. Treasury Bill Rates in the 1970s and 1980s. National Bureau of Economic Research, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w3036.

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Gordon, Robert. The 1920s and the 1990s in Mutual Reflection. National Bureau of Economic Research, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w11778.

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Darby, Michael, and James Lothian. Economic Events and Keynesian Ideas: The 1930s and the 1970s. National Bureau of Economic Research, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w1987.

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Joyce, Robert, and Andrew Hood. The economic circumstances of cohorts born between the 1940s and the 1970s. Institute for Fiscal Studies, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1920/re.ifs.2013.0089.

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Allen, Steven. Developments in Collective Bargaining in Construction in the 1980s and 1990s. National Bureau of Economic Research, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w4674.

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White, Eugene. Bubbles and Busts: The 1990s in the Mirror of the 1920s. National Bureau of Economic Research, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w12138.

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