Academic literature on the topic '1930s Australia'
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Journal articles on the topic "1930s Australia"
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Deveson, E. D. "The Search for a Solution to Australian Locust Outbreaks: How Developments in Ecology and Government Responses Influenced Scientific Research." Historical Records of Australian Science 22, no. 1 (2011): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/hr11003.
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A national research approach to the ?grasshopper problem' began following a plague of the Australian plague locust (Chortoicetes terminifera Walker) in inland south-eastern Australia in the 1930s. After the plague of the 1950s, the role of arid inland areas as a source of migrations into agricultural areas received greater attention. In the 1960s and 1970s, international collaborative experimental research with the CSIRO advanced the knowledge of locust lifecycles and population ecology. Studies of nocturnal mass migration on upper-level winds brought a new understanding of Australian locust population dynamics. This paper traces Australian research into locust ecology within the contexts of locust infestations and government responses to them. Investigations on Australian locusts reflected many contemporary ideas and methods in entomological research and contributed to the development of international ecological theory during the twentieth century. International locust research based on the phase change and outbreak area model of Uvarov particularly influenced work carried out in Australia.
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Kass, Dorothy. "Clarice Irwin’s visions for education in Australia in the 1920s and 1930s: “what might be”." History of Education Review 48, no. 2 (2019): 198–213. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/her-02-2019-0003.
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Purpose The paper is a study of Clarice McNamara, née Irwin (1901–1990), an educator who advocated for reform in the interwar period in Australia. Clarice is known for her role within the New Education Fellowship in Australia, 1940s–1960s; however, the purpose of this paper is to investigate her activism in an earlier period, including contributions made to the journal Education from 1925 to 1938 to ask how she addressed conditions of schooling, curriculum reform, and a range of other educational, social, political and economic issues, and to what effect. Design/methodology/approach Primary source material includes the previously ignored contributions to Education and a substantial unpublished autobiography. Used in conjunction, the sources allow a biographical, rhetorical and contextual study to stress a dynamic relationship between writing, attitudes, and the formation and activity of organisations. Findings McNamara was an unconventional thinker whose writing urged the case for radical change. She kept visions of reformed education alive for educators and brought transnational progressive literature to the attention of Australian educators in an overall reactionary period. Her writing was part of a wider activism that embraced schooling, leftist ideologies, and feminist issues. Originality/value There has been little scholarly attention to the life and work of McNamara, particularly in the 1920s–1930s. The paper indicates her relevance for histories of progressive education in Australia and its transnational networks, the Teachers Federation and feminist activism between the wars.
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Paisley, Fiona. "Citizens of their World: Australian Feminism and Indigenous Rights in the International Context, 1920s and 1930s." Feminist Review 58, no. 1 (1998): 66–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/014177898339596.
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Inter-war Australia saw the emergence of a feminist campaign for indigenous rights. Led by women activists who were members of various key Australian women's organizations affiliated with the British Commonwealth League, this campaign proposed a revitalized White Australia as a progressive force towards improving ‘world’ race relations. Drawing upon League of Nations conventions and the increasing role for the Dominions within the British Commonwealth, these women claimed to speak on behalf of Australian Aborigines in asserting their right to reparation as a usurped people and the need to overhaul government policy. Opposing inter-war policies of biological assimilation, they argued for a humane national Aboriginal policy including citizenship and rights in the person. Where white men had failed in their duty towards indigenous peoples, world women might bring about a new era of civilized relations between the races.
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Collins, Peter, and Xinyue Yao. "Colloquialisation and the evolution of Australian English." English World-Wide 39, no. 3 (2018): 253–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/eww.00014.col.
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Abstract This paper investigates whether colloquialisation – a stylistic shift by which written genres come to be more similar to spoken genres – has played a role in the endonormativisation of the grammar of Australian English, a variety which has long been noted for its penchant for colloquialism. The study tracks changes in grammatical colloquialism from the early 20th century against the historical backdrop of the progressive decline in Britishness in Australia and the pervasive effects of “Americanisation”. The data are derived from a suite of parallel Brown-family corpora representing British, American, and Australian English of the 1930s, 1960s, 1990s and 2006. Multivariate techniques are used to delimit 26 “colloquial” and “anti-colloquial” grammatical features from a set of 83 potentially relevant features, and to examine changes in their frequencies between 1931 and 2006, in the three varieties, and across the three major genres of fiction, learned writing and press reportage.
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Morris, Meaghan. "Media and popular modernism around the Pacific War: An inter-Asian story." Memory Studies 6, no. 3 (2013): 359–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1750698013482646.
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Across much of the Asia-Pacific today, the smart phone, the tablet and the laptop or home personal computer are vying with the humble TV set not only to promote new models of lifestyle and to distribute communal and national stories but also to circulate other people’s stories and ways of life, complicating notions of heritage and cultural affinity. The proliferation of media technologies and their rapid spread across populations hitherto remote from or hostile to each other has transformed the conditions for the practice as well as the study of memory in this region as elsewhere. Yet, there are precedents for these developments; ‘new waves’ of media culture responded to technological change, colonial conflict, war, revolution and the growing influence of Hollywood across the Asia-Pacific region after the Pacific War. In Australia, one such ‘wave’ was a boom in travel writing from the 1930s to the 1950s, and another was the ‘new Australian cinema’ of the 1970s and early 1980s. Drawing on work in progress about Ernestine Hill, a mid-twentieth-century writer preoccupied with technology, this article suggests that asking how ‘old’ media have circulated ‘new’ memories of community in the past also opens up a way of situating old Australian national stories in a regional frame today.
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Jackson, Stephen J. "British History is Their History: Britain and the British Empire in the History Curriculum of Ontario, Canada and Victoria, Australia 1930-1975." Espacio, Tiempo y Educación 4, no. 2 (2017): 165. http://dx.doi.org/10.14516/ete.161.
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This article investigates the evolving conceptions of national identity in Canada and Australia through an analysis of officially sanctioned history textbooks in Ontario, Canada and Victoria, Australia. From the 1930s until the 1950s, Britain and the British Empire served a pivotal role in history textbooks and curricula in both territories. Textbooks generally held that British and imperial history were crucial to the Canadian and Australian national identity. Following the Second World War, textbooks in both Ontario and Victoria began to recognize Britain’s loss of power, and how this changed Australian and Canadian participation in the British Empire/Commonwealth. But rather than advocate for a complete withdrawal from engagement with Britain, authors emphasized the continuing importance of the example of the British Empire and Commonwealth to world affairs. In fact, participation in the Commonwealth was often described as of even more importance as the Dominions could take a more prominent place in imperial affairs. By the 1960s, however, textbook authors in Ontario and Victoria began to change their narratives, de-emphasizing the importance of the British Empire to the Canadian and Australian identity. Crucially, by the late 1960s the new narratives Ontarians and Victorians constructed claimed that the British Empire and national identity were no longer significantly linked. An investigation into these narratives of history will provide a unique window into officially acceptable views on imperialism before and during the era of decolonization.
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Solomou, Solomos, and Martin Weale. "Unemployment and Real Wages in the Great Depression." National Institute Economic Review 214 (October 2010): R51—R61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0027950110389762.
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This article uses a dataset covering ten advanced economies (Australia, Belgium, Canada, France, Germany, Netherlands, Norway, Sweden, United Kingdom and the United States) to explore the role of real wages as an influence on employment and unemployment in the Great Depression and more generally in the 1920s and 1930s. The distinction between employment and unemployment movements during the Great Depression helps to clarify the role of supply side influences on the national heterogeneity of unemployment increases during the Great Depression. We find little general econometric evidence for the idea that movements in product wages had strong influences on employment either during the period of rising unemployment associated with the depression of the 1930s or more generally with the data which exist for the 1920s and 1930s.
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Green, D. H. "Alfred Edward Ringwood. 19 April 1930–12 November 1993." Biographical Memoirs of Fellows of the Royal Society 44 (January 1998): 351–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsbm.1998.0023.
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Ted Ringwood was born in Kew, an inner Melbourne suburb, on 19 April 1930, an only child in a family that identified strongly with Australia and with Melbourne in particular. Both his parents were Australian, but his mother's parents had come to Australia as Presbyterian emigrants from Ulster. His paternal grandfather was born in New Zealand, his paternal greatgrandfather in Australia and his grandmother in India. His father, also Alfred Edward Ringwood, enlisted as an 18–year–old in the First World War and fought in France, suffering gas attack, trench feet and other distressing experiences which impacted heavily on his later life. During the 1920s he held a variety of unskilled jobs and was essentially unemployed from the beginning of the Depression onwards. Ted's mother and extended family on both sides provided stability when his father joined Australia's large, itinerant ‘odd–jobbing’ labour force during the 1930s. (Later, his father received a war service pension.) Ted's mother, with clerical skills, supported the family through much of the Depression. However, the family's precarious financial position meant that Ted was boarded out with grandparents and relatives for extended periods. His maternal grandfather owned a small foundry in Fitzroy and successfully managed a small business through the Depression and the Second World War years.
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Zhang, Chunyan. "The Countryside as an Inhospitable Frontier in Australian and Chinese Films." English Language and Literature Studies 10, no. 3 (2020): 39. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/ells.v10n3p39.
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The Countryside as an inhospitable frontier, as a place where human beings live a harsh life, frequently appeared in both Australian film and Chinese leftist films in the period of nationalism, the 1920s and 1930s. In Australia, this construction manifests itself in the old idea of human beings in conflict with nature, working in an unfriendly environment to make the barest living. In China, it is a new construction, differing from the old motif of a “pastoral” countryside blessed by nature. In Australia, despite its challenges, the countryside was still regarded as a peaceful homeland for human beings to return to, but in Chinese leftist culture, the construction of a negative image of the countryside was so extreme that it was depicted as a totally wretched world.
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Lipton, Martina. "Jessie Matthews’ Construction of a Star Persona on her Post-war Australian Tours." New Theatre Quarterly 31, no. 2 (2015): 116–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0266464x15000238.
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Jessie Matthews’ post-war tours to Australia were part of a sequence of commercially successful imported productions then heralded as a great boom era in Australian theatre. However, Matthews’ waning popularity in Britain since the 1940s meant that she was no longer recognizable as the screen darling of the 1930s. Indeed, the Australian press had to remind its readers of ‘evergreen Jessie’s’ succession of British film hits such as The Good Companions (1933) and Evergreen (1934). This article examines the critical and public reception of Matthews’ tours with a focus on the strategic management of her star persona, both on and off stage, including her public criticism of Australian theatre management and employment opportunities for Australian theatre performers. Martina Lipton is an Honorary Associate Lecturer at the University of Queensland and was recently the Research Fellow (Australia) on the Leverhulme Research Project ‘British-Australian Cultural Exchange: Live Performance 1880–1960’. Her publications include the chapter ‘Localism and British Modern Pantomime’ in A World of Popular Entertainments (Cambridge Scholars Publishing, 2012) and articles for Australasian Drama Studies, Contemporary Theatre Review, New Theatre Quarterly, and Popular Entertainment Studies.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "1930s Australia"
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Wyndham, Diana Hardwick. "Striving for National Fitness: Eugenics in Australia 1910s to 1930s." University of Sydney, History, 1996. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/402.
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Eugenics movements developed early this century in more than 20 countries, including Australia. However, for many years the vast literature on eugenics focused almost exclusively on the history of eugenics in Britain and America. While some aspects of eugenics in Australia are now being documented, the history of this movement largely remained to be written. Australians experienced both fears and hopes at the time of Federation in 1901. Some feared that the white population was declining and degenerating but they also hoped to create a new utopian society which would outstrip the achievements, and avoid the poverty and industrial unrest, of Britain and America. Some responded to these mixed emotions by combining notions of efficiency and progress with eugenic ideas about maximising the growth of a white population and filling the "empty spaces". It was hoped that by taking these actions Australia would avoid "racial suicide" or Asian invasion and would improve national fitness, thus avoiding "racial decay" and starting to create a "paradise of physical perfection". This thesis considers the impact of eugenics in Australia by examining three related propositions: 1. that from the 1910s to the 1930s, eugenic ideas in Australia were readily accepted because of concerns about declining birth rate; 2. that, while mainly derivative, Australian eugenics had several distinctive Australian qualities; 3. that eugenics has a legacy in many disciplines, particularly family planning and public health. This examination of Australian eugenics is primarily from the perspective of the people, publications and organisations which contributed to this movement in the first half of this century. In addition to a consideration of their achievements, reference is also made to the influence which eugenic ideas had in such diverse fields as education, immigration, law, literature, politics, psychology and science.
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Wyndham, Diana. "Striving for national fitness eugenics in Australia 1910s to 1930s /." Connect to full text, 1996. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/402.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Sydney, 1997.<br>Title from title screen (viewed Apr. 15, 2008). Submitted in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy to the Dept. of History, Faculty of Arts. Degree awarded 1997; thesis submitted 1996. Includes bibliography. Also available in print form.
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Peters, Margaret P. "Children's culture and the state : South Australia, 1890s-1930s /." Title page, contents and abstract only, 1991. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09PH/09php4823.pdf.
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Fetherstonhaugh, Timothy John. "The journal Walkabout and outback Australia 1930s-1950s: A romantic rapprochement with the landscape in the face of modernity." Thesis, Fetherstonhaugh, Timothy John (2002) The journal Walkabout and outback Australia 1930s-1950s: A romantic rapprochement with the landscape in the face of modernity. PhD thesis, Murdoch University, 2002. https://researchrepository.murdoch.edu.au/id/eprint/52982/.
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This thesis analyses the popular Australian journal Walkabout with emphasis on the 1930s and 1940s. Walkabout's principal subject was the Australian hinterland, in particular its outback. This thesis examines the nature of Walkabout's romantic representation of the outback landscape and its people, and the implications such representation had for configuring the nation.
Walkabout was a unique journal in the interwar period for its blend of educational and entertaining articles that celebrated the outback landscape to reveal to Australians, not the alienating exoticism of a foreign land, but the integral centrality of the landscape in defining the identity of a nation and its people. This study reveals a hitherto unexplored dimension of romanticism in Australian interwar cultural expression which, through the travel writing and natural history essay, provided the dominant means by which Walkabout made the outback landscape meaningful to Australians. This romantic discourse was marked by the search for an arcadian rapprochement of Australian nature and culture as a foundation for articulating a national identity through the tenets of romanticism. In projecting the perceived organic verities of outback nature onto an Australian people the romantic vision laid claim to a relatively unknown landscape free of association with other national visions, which provided a powerful means of ‘naturalising’ an Australian identity.
This thesis argues that Walkabout's exploration of the outback landscape was a romantic impulse set against a rapidly modernising Australia and its utilitarian expression. Articles of travel writing constructed the outback landscape and people as an organic unity in which the natural qualities of the landscape determined the character of the ‘real’ Australian and ‘real’ Australia to a degree not seen in previous representations of the relationship between Australians and other landscapes. After World War II, Walkabout's romanticism declined in lieu of a growing utilitarianism that was revealed through an increasing scientific approach to understanding the outback. The conditions of modernity eroded the outback’s romantic isolation from the modem world and the landscape was viewed as resource for a modem nation rather than as romantic object definitive of a people and nation.
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David, Mirela Violeta. "Free Love, Marriage, and Eugenics| Global and Local Debates on Sex, Birth Control, Venereal Disease and Population in 1920s-1930s China." Thesis, New York University, 2014. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=3635118.
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<p> This dissertation traces how eugenics came to underpin discourses pertaining to free love, sex and reproduction in 1920s-1930s China. It shows the eugenic and evolutionist limits to radical or liberal intellectuals' understanding of the role of the individual in the pursuit of sex, free love and birth control. The study examines the scientific view of modernity embodied in eugenics, as well as the challenges to this vision based on humanism and sex aestheticism. Bertrand Russell's visit to China in 1920 with his lover Dora Black led to heated discussions surrounding free love and free divorce, where privacy, the eugenic idea of a "robust individual" and science were key. Meanwhile, translations and the reception of Ellen Key and Havelock Ellis's works on eugenics and love underpinned the reconciliation in Chinese liberal intellectuals' thought between individualism/evolutionary humanism and eugenics, particularly in their debates on sexual and emotional ethics in the 1920s. Margaret Sanger's visit to China in 1922 opened up a debate on the suitability of eugenic birth control to solve China's problems, such as overpopulation and venereal disease. By probing into her interactions with Chinese intellectuals in 1922, this study reveals how her eugenic ideas were received, as well as the political tensions regarding her birth control advocacy. The dissertation demonstrates that the sexual reproductive considerations that had been viewed in the 1920s as a problem of the relationship between the individual and nation/race/society, by the 1930s came to completely subordinate the role of the individual to national and racial regeneration concerns. Sanger's continued correspondence with Chinese medical professionals came to shape the birth control movement in the 1930s in more strictly eugenic terms. This research contends that eugenics was not only influential in discourse, but came to be implemented in practice in the fields of sex hygiene, birth control and VD regulation. The agency of pioneer female gynecologists in the 1930s is emphasized by examining how they brought eugenics in practice in their birth control clinics, how they localized global female experience and theories on birth control and hygiene, either through translation or through their attempts to reach working class women with contraceptive sex education. Lastly I argue that eugenics and social hygiene also functioned as a male oriented ideology in VD policies of various colonial powers: British, American, Japanese, and French as part of an economy of empire. By contrast Chinese Nationalist Hygiene Campaigns and female gynecologists' internalizing of eugenics focused on female health.</p>
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Souliman, Victoria. "“The remoteness that pains us” : National identity, expatriatism and women’s agency in the artistic exchanges between Australia and Britain in the 1920s and 1930s." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019USPCC097.
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Cette thèse explore l’influence artistique et culturelle de la Grande-Bretagne en Australie, ou les caractéristiques britanniques de l’identité australienne, depuis les années suivant la fin de la Première Guerre Mondiale jusqu’à 1941. La culture australienne de cette période a souvent été décrite comme isolée, voire même « en quarantaine », caractérisée par son acceptation tardive du modernisme. Bien qu’à cette époque la Grande-Bretagne accorde davantage d’indépendance et d’autonomie à ses dominions, l’Australie cherche à maintenir des liens culturels et impériaux en s’identifiant exclusivement à la Grande-Bretagne. Ainsi, pendant cette période, la majorité des Australiens considèrent toujours l’Angleterre comme mère patrie et Londres attire de nombreux artistes australiens expatriés. Pour reprendre les termes de Daniel Thomas, historien de l’art australien, l’Australie développe une identité culturelle dite « bi-hémisphérique Anglo-australienne », imprégnée de nationalisme, de conservatisme et de valeurs patriarcales. Cette thèse examine les échanges artistiques entre l’Australie et la Grande-Bretagne pendant les années 1920 et 1930 et met en lumière les complexités de l’identification culturelle. Elle considère tout particulièrement le fait que l’historiographie nationaliste de l’art australien a passé sous silence le rôle joué par les femmes dans la construction de l’identité nationale et dans la définition d’un art australien. A travers l’analyse des collections nationales d’art britannique et les mécanismes de circulation de l’art moderne britannique en Australie, cette thèse met en avant la dualité de l’identité culturelle australienne et la marginalisation des femmes, non seulement en tant qu’artistes mais aussi en tant que défenseuses culturelles. En mettant l’accent sur l’expérience d’expatriés australiens en Angleterre et comment ceux-ci cherchent à s’intégrer à la scène artistique britannique, cette thèse rend compte de l’importance de l’expatriation en tant que concept contribuant aux historiographies de l’art en Grande-Bretagne et en Australie. Enfin, cette thèse conceptualise le travail de deux Australiennes expatriées, Edith May Fry et Clarice Zander, qui, en tant qu’organisatrices d’expositions, ont considérablement contribué à la dissémination du modernisme en Australie et à la définition de l’identité culturelle australienne pendant l’entre-deux-guerres. L’enjeu de cette thèse est de démontrer les mécanismes qui ont permis à l’Australie de représenter sa propre identité à travers l’art tout en continuant à s’identifier à la Grande-Bretagne<br>This thesis explores the cultural and artistic influence of Britain in Australia, or the Britishness of the Australian character, from the years directly following the end of World War I until 1941. Australia during this period was often described as an isolated, or a “quarantined”, culture characterised by its delay in accepting modernism. Despite Britain ceding more independence and autonomy to its dominions at the time, Australia sought to maintain its cultural and imperial bond, identifying exclusively with Britain in a number of ways. For instance, many Australians still considered Britain to be “Home”, while London continued to attract expatriate artists from Australia. In the words of Australian art historian Daniel Thomas, Australia developed a “bi-hemispheric Anglo-Australian cultural identity”, which was marked by nationalism, conservatism and masculinism. This thesis examines the artistic exchanges between Australia and Britain in the 1920s and 1930s, shedding light on the complexities of cultural identification. It considers in particular the fact that such nationalistic historiography of Australian art has denied women’s agency in defining Australian art and identity. The national collections of British art, as well as the mechanisms of the circulation of modern British art in Australia, are closely examined to demonstrate the dualism of Australian cultural identity and the marginalisation of women within this history, not only as artists but also as art patrons. This thesis discusses the experience of Australian expatriates in England, considering how they sought to integrate into the British art scene. In doing so, it brings to the fore the significance of expatriatism as a concept that shaped both Australian and British art historiographies. Finally, it conceptualises the achievements of two Australian expatriate women, Edith May Fry and Clarice Zander, who, as exhibition curators, played a crucial role in disseminating modernism in Australia and defining Australia’s cultural identity during the interwar period. The aim of this thesis is thus to demonstrate the mechanisms through which Australia sought to represent its national character in art, as it strove to maintain its identification with Britain
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Carty, Bridget Mary, and n/a. "Managing Their Own Affairs: The Australian Deaf Community During the 1920s and 1930s." Griffith University. School of Education and Professional Studies, 2005. http://www4.gu.edu.au:8080/adt-root/public/adt-QGU20060123.131332.
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This thesis examines the development of and interrelationships among organisations in the Australian Deaf community during the early part of the 20th Century, particularly during the 1920s and 1930s. It focuses on those organisations which Deaf people attempted to establish themselves, or with hearing supporters, in response to their rejection of the philosophy and practices of the existing charitable organisations such as Deaf Societies and Missions. It also analyses the responses of the Societies and Missions to these moves. The thesis adopts a social history perspective, describing events as much as possible from the perspective of the Deaf people of the time. These developments within the Deaf community were influenced by wider social movements in Australian society during these decades, such as the articulation of minority groups as 'citizens', and their search for 'advancement', autonomy and equal rights. Australia's first schools and post-school organisations for Deaf people were closely modelled on 19th Century British institutions. The thesis describes the development of these early Australian institutions and argues that Deaf people had active or contributing roles in many of them. During the early 20th Century most of these organisations came under closer control of hearing people, and Deaf people's roles became marginalised. During the late 1920s many Deaf adults began to resist the control of Societies and Missions, instead aspiring to 'manage their own affairs'. In two states, working with hearing supporters, they successfully established alternative organisations or 'breakaways', and in another state they engaged in protracted but unsuccessful struggles with the Deaf Society. Australian Deaf people established a national organisation in the 1930s, and this led to the creation of an opposing national organisation by the Societies. Most of these new organisations did not survive beyond the 1930s, but they significantly affected the power structures and relationships between Deaf and hearing people in Australia for several decades afterwards. These events have been largely ignored and even strategically suppressed by later generations, possibly for reasons which parallel other episodes of amnesia and silence in Australian history.
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Foster, Michael E., and n/a. "The Praxis of Theatre Directing: An Investigation of the Relationship Between Directorial Paradigms and Radical Group Theatre in Australia Since 1975." Griffith University. School of Arts, 2004. http://www4.gu.edu.au:8080/adt-root/public/adt-QGU20040810.091417.
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The thesis investigates the field of Theatre practice variously referred to as alternative, non-mainstream, avant-garde, community or fringe theatre. I have suggested the term 'Radical Group Theatre' - a term which, I believe, best encompasses the sector formerly represented by this diverse body of theatre practice. I focus on the relationship between theoretical and practical paradigms, and debates surrounding them; theatre making processes; and directorial practice in a theatre form which has emerged as a distinctive set of characteristics, ideological frameworks and practices in the Australian context. The work is strongly informed by the perspectives and practices of a range of major contributors to the field. It notes the inadequacy of conventional analytics and established understandings of the theory/practice nexus for exploring Radical Group Theatre, and establishes an alternate set of frameworks. These enable fresh engagement with the development and current praxis of an important theatre form which has not previously been considered as a whole field yet has taken particularly exciting directions in Australia over the past three decades. Methodology and objectives: An important aspect of the study is the way in which the research methodology parallels the practice under investigation. That is, the practice of Radical Group Theatre in Australia mirrors the 'Reflective Reflexive Loop' which I propose as the pre-eminent principle of the praxis. The methodology has developed out of my Masters degree research which was an interrogation of my directorial practice in the field of Youth/Community theatre, 1976-1989. I was further interested to analyse the field of group theatre to determine whether common key principles identified as characteristics of the form in the earlier study constituted the basis for an analytical model of Radical Group Theatre praxis. The investigation for this thesis began with a project designed to synthesise the essential qualities of directorial practice: the qualities of the good director, the major influences on practice, and the expectations participants have regarding the function of the director. The preliminary findings formed the basis for a comparative study which sought answers to the key questions as they apply to a pre-professional radical theatre setting - university student theatre. This project gave birth to the focus questions of the study which established the theoretical and methodological frames for the thesis.
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Windsor, Carol A. "Industry policy, finance and the AIDC : Australia from the 1950s to the 1970s." Thesis, University of Queensland, 2009. http://espace.library.uq.edu.au/view/UQ:189307.
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This thesis, conceived within a Marxist framework, addresses key conceptual issues in the writing and theorising on industry policy in post second world- war Australia. Broadly, the thesis challenges the way that industry policy on the left of politics (reflected in the social democratic and Keynesian positions) has been constructed as a practical, progressive policy agenda. Specifically, the thesis poses a direct challenge to the primacy of the ‘national’ in interpreting the history of industry policy. The challenge is to the proposition that conflicts between national industry and international finance arose only from the mid 1980s. On the contrary, as will be seen, this is a 1960s issue and any interpretation of the debates and the agendas surrounding industry policy in the 1980s must be predicated on an understanding of how the issue was played out two decades earlier. As was the case in the 1960s, industry policy in the 1980s has been isolated from two key areas of interrogation: the role of the nation state in regulating accumulation and the role of finance in industry policy. In the 1950s and more so in the 1960s and early 1970s there was a reconfiguration of financing internationally but it is one that did not enter into industry policy analysis. The central concern therefore is to simultaneously sketch the historical political economy on industry policy from the 1950s through to the early 1970s in Australia and to analytically and empirically insert the role of finance into that history. In so doing the thesis addresses the economic and social factors that shaped the approach to industry finance in Australia during this critical period. The analysis is supported by a detailed examination of political and industry debates surrounding the proposal for, and institution of, a key national intervention in the form of the Australian Industry Development Corporation (AIDC).
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Kendal, Stephen Leslie, and n/a. "THE IMPLEMENTATION OF PUBLIC POLICY. UNIVERSITY AMALGAMATIONS IN AUSTRALIA IN THE 1980s AND 1990s." University of Canberra. Business and Government, 2006. http://erl.canberra.edu.au./public/adt-AUC20071005.123202.
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This thesis considers the adequacy of existing theories of implementation of tertiary education policy, in relation to university amalgamations in the 1980s and 1990s in Australia. In particular the thesis examines the difficulties of mergers attempted in the case of Monash University (a successful amalgamation), the University of New England (a partially successful amalgamation), and the Australian National University (an amalgamation which never took place). The thesis argues that the best available model of policy implementation in the tertiary education sector is that set out by Cerych and Sabatier (1986), and that even this is less than adequate through its omission of several relevant factors, notably the factor of leadership. The thesis accordingly presents a modification of the Cerych and Sabatier (1986) model as well as suggestions for inclusion of factors omitted in the broader implementation literature.
Books on the topic "1930s Australia"
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Australia's China: Changing perceptions from the 1930s to the 1990s. Cambridge University Press, 1996.
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Kingsmill, John. Australia street: A boy's-eye view of the 1920s and 1930s. Hale & Iremonger, 1991.
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Jones, Philip G. Australia's Muslim cameleers: Pioneers of the inland, 1860s-1930s. Wakefield Press, 2010.
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Holmes, Katie. Spaces in her day: Australian women's diaries of the 1920s and 1930s. Allen & Unwin, 1995.
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Spenceley, G. F. R. A bad smash: Australia in the depression of the 1930s. McPhee Gribble, 1990.
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Masson, Mick. Surviving the dole years: The 1930s, a personal story. New South Wales University Press, 1993.
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Featherstone, Lisa. Sexual Violence in Australia, 1970s–1980s. Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-73310-0.
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Milne, Geoffrey. Theatre Australia (un)limited: Australian theatre since the 1950s. Rodopi, 2004.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "1930s Australia"
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Weblin, Mark. "John Anderson Arrives: 1930s." In History of Philosophy in Australia and New Zealand. Springer Netherlands, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-6958-8_4.
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Kelloway, Phoebe. "Labour ‘Armies’ in the 1930s' Depression." In Histories of Fascism and Anti-Fascism in Australia. Routledge, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003120964-3.
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Lynch, Gordon. "‘The Risk Involved is Inappreciable… and the Gain Exceptional’: Child Migration to Australia and Empire Settlement Policy, 1913–1939." In UK Child Migration to Australia, 1945-1970. Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-69728-0_2.
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AbstractThis chapter examines the development of UK child migration to Australia in the inter-war period. Following the opening of Kingsley Fairbridge’s experimental farm school for child migrants at Pinjarra in 1913, the 1920s and 1930s saw a gradual increase in the number of voluntary societies involved in this work and of residential institutions in Australia receiving child migrants. The growth of these programmes in the wider context of the UK Government’s assisted migration policies is discussed. During the 1930s, the global financial depression weakened governmental support for assisted migration, and greater caution emerged within the UK Government about the value of some planned migration schemes. Nevertheless, by 1939, child migration to Australia was seen by UK policy-makers as a small but important part of the attempt to strengthen ties with Britain’s Dominions and to make more efficient use of their collective human and material resources.
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Twomey, Michael J. "Economic Fluctuations in Argentina, Australia and Canada During the Depression of the 1930s." In Argentina, Australia and Canada. Palgrave Macmillan UK, 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-17765-3_12.
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Alhadeff, Peter. "Public Finance and the Economy in Argentina, Australia and Canada During the Depression of the 1930s." In Argentina, Australia and Canada. Palgrave Macmillan UK, 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-17765-3_11.
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Ellis, Robert B., and David S. Waller. "A Study of the Marketing Curriculum in Australia: The 1930S to Now." In Looking Forward, Looking Back: Drawing on the Past to Shape the Future of Marketing. Springer International Publishing, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-24184-5_21.
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Woollacott, Angela. "Colonial Origins and Audience Collusion: The Merle Oberon Story in 1930s Australia." In Transnational Lives. Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9780230277472_8.
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Goodwin, Ken. "New reputations of the 1920s and 1930s." In A History of Australian Literature. Macmillan Education UK, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-18177-3_5.
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Moore, Nicole. "Red Love as Seditious Sex: Bans on Proletarian Women’s Writing in Australia in the 1930s." In Red Love Across the Pacific. Palgrave Macmillan US, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9781137507037_3.
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Goodwin, Ken. "Major new voices of the 1930s and 1940s." In A History of Australian Literature. Macmillan Education UK, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-18177-3_6.
Full textConference papers on the topic "1930s Australia"
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Marfella, Giorgio. "Seeds of Concrete Progress: Grain Elevators and Technology Transfer between America and Australia." In The 38th Annual Conference of the Society of Architectural Historians Australia and New Zealand. SAHANZ, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.55939/a4000pi5hk.
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Modern concrete silos and grain elevators are a persistent source of interest and fascination for architects, industrial archaeologists, painters, photographers, and artists. The legacy of the Australian examples of the early 1900s is appreciated primarily by a popular culture that allocates value to these structures on aesthetic grounds. Several aspects of construction history associated with this early modern form of civil engineering have been less explored. In the 1920s and 1930s, concrete grain elevator stations blossomed along the railway networks of the Australian Wheat Belts, marking with their vertical presence the landscapes of many rural towns in New South Wales, Queensland, Victoria, and Western Australia. The Australian reception of this industrial building type of American origin reflects the modern nation-building aspirations of State Governments of the early 1900s. The development of fast-tracked, self-climbing methods for constructing concrete silos, a technology also imported from America, illustrates the critical role of concrete in that effort of nation-building. The rural and urban proliferation of concrete silos in Australia also helped establish a confident local concrete industry that began thriving with automatic systems of movable formwork, mastering and ultimately transferring these construction methods to multi-storey buildings after WWII. Although there is an evident link between grain elevators and the historiographical propaganda of heroic modernism, that nexus should not induce to interpret old concrete silos as a vestige of modern aesthetics. As catalysts of technical and economic development in Australia, Australian wheat silos also bear important significance due to the international technology transfer and local repercussions of their fast-tracked concrete construction methods.
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Alexander, Elinor. "Natural hydrogen exploration in South Australia." In PESA Symposium Qld 2022. PESA, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.36404/putz2691.
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South Australia has taken the lead nationally in enabling exploration licences for natural hydrogen. On 11 February 2021 the Petroleum and Geothermal Energy Regulations 2013 were amended to declare hydrogen, hydrogen compounds and by-products from hydrogen production regulated substances under the Petroleum and Geothermal Energy Act 2000 (PGE Act). Companies are now able to apply to explore for natural hydrogen via a Petroleum Exploration Licence (PEL) and the transmission of hydrogen or compounds of hydrogen are now permissible under the transmission pipeline licencing provisions of the PGE Act. The maximum area of a PEL is 10,000 square kilometres so they provide a large acreage position for explorers. PEL applicants need to provide evidence of their technical and financial capacity as well as a 5-year work program which could include field sampling, geophysical surveys (e.g., aeromagnetics, gravity, seismic and MT) and exploration drilling to evaluate the prospectivity of the licence for natural hydrogen. Since February 2021, seven companies have lodged 35 applications for petroleum exploration licences (PELs), targeting natural hydrogen. The first of these licences (PEL 687) over Kangaroo Island and southern Yorke Peninsula was granted to Gold Hydrogen Pty Ltd on 22 July 2021. As well as issuing exploration licences, a key role of the South Australian Department for Energy and Mining is to provide easy access to comprehensive geoscientific data submitted by mineral and petroleum explorers and departmental geoscientists since the State was founded in 1836. Access to old 1920s and 1930s reports, together with modern geophysical and well data has underpinned the current interest in hydrogen exploration. Why the interest? 50-80% hydrogen content was measured in 1931 by the Mines Department in gas samples from wells on Kangaroo Island, Yorke Peninsula and the Otway Basin, potential evidence that the natural formation of hydrogen has occurred. Iron-rich cratons and uranium-rich basement (also a target for geothermal energy explorers) occur in the Archaean-Mesoproterozoic Gawler Craton, Curnamona and Musgrave provinces which are in places fractured and seismically active with deep-seated faults. Sedimentary cover ranges from Neoproterozoic-Recent in age, with thick clastic, carbonate and coal measure successions in hydrocarbon prospective basins and, in places, occurrences of mafic intrusives and extrusives, iron stones, salt and anhydrite which could also be potential sources of natural hydrogen.
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Collins, Julie. "Fresh Air and Sunshine: The Health Aspects of Sleepouts, Sunrooms, and Sundecks in South Australian Architecture of the 1930s." In The 38th Annual Conference of the Society of Architectural Historians Australia and New Zealand. SAHANZ, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.55939/a3989p6hza.
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This paper examines the development of infrastructures for outdoor advertising and debates over visual ‘oversaturation’ in the built environment. It begins with the boom in posters that came in the 19th century with a plethora of new manufactured goods and the attempts by civic officials to create structures that would extend cities’ available surface area for the placement of ads. It then charts the rise of building-top ‘sky signs,’ articulated billboards, kiosks, and digital media facades while detailing the policy initiatives meant to regulate these ad surfaces. This work builds on ongoing research into the development of signage technologies in Sydney and Melbourne, the measurement and regulation of ‘visual pollution’, and the promotion of entertainment and nightlife in precincts defined by neon and historic signage.
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Carter, Nanette. "The Sleepout." In The 38th Annual Conference of the Society of Architectural Historians Australia and New Zealand. SAHANZ, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.55939/a3999pm4i5.
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Going to bed each night in a sleepout—a converted verandah, balcony or small free-standing structure was, for most of the 20th century, an everyday Australian experience, since homes across the nation whether urban, suburban, or rural, commonly included a space of this kind. The sleepout was a liminal space that was rarely a formal part of a home’s interior, although it was often used as a semi-permanent sleeping quarter. Initially a response to the discomfort experienced during hot weather in 19th century bedrooms and encouraged by the early 20th century enthusiasm for the perceived benefits of sleeping in fresh air, the sleepout became a convenient cover for the inadequate supply of housing in Australian cities and towns and provided a face-saving measure for struggling rural families. Acceptance of this solution to over-crowding was so deep and so widespread that the Commonwealth Government built freestanding sleepouts in the gardens of suburban homes across Australia during the crisis of World War II to house essential war workers. Rather than disappearing at the war’s end, these were sold to homeowners and occupied throughout the acute post-war housing shortage of the 1940s and 1950s, then used into the 1970s as a space for children to play and teenagers to gain some privacy. This paper explores this common feature of Australian 20th century homes, a regional tradition which has not, until recently, been the subject of academic study. Exploring the attitudes, values and policies that led to the sleepout’s introduction, proliferation and disappearance, it explains that despite its ubiquity in the first three-quarters of the 20th century, the sleepout slipped from Australia’s national consciousness during a relatively brief period of housing surplus beginning in the 1970s. As the supply of affordable housing has declined in the 21st century, the free-standing sleepout or studio has re-emerged, housing teenagers of low-income families.
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Moghassemi, Golshan, and Peyman Akhgar. "The Advent of Modern Construction Techniques in Iran: Trans-Iranian Railway Stations (1933-1938)." In The 38th Annual Conference of the Society of Architectural Historians Australia and New Zealand. SAHANZ, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.55939/a3986pe808.
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It was only in the early 20th century that the concept of ‘architect’, as defined in Europe, was introduced in Iran. During the nineteenth century, Iranian architects were traditional master builders (me’mars) who would learn architecture after years of working with a master. This unique change in the conception of architecture in Iran took place during the interwar period. In 1926, when Reza Shah founded the Pahlavi dynasty, his policies toward rapid modernisation transformed the way architectural design and practice was performed in Iran. Among Reza Shah’s earliest programs was the construction of numerous railway stations, extended from north to south, and for that, he invited Western-educated architects and European companies to Iran. The architecture of railway stations became one among the earliest examples of Iranian modern architecture, leading to the introduction of modern materials such as reinforced concrete to Iran. By considering Reza Shah’s nationalist policies and progressive agenda, this article investigates the architecture of railway stations, illuminating how their construction paved the way for the arrival of modern architecture and the development of construction technology in 1930s Iran.
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Christensen, David, and Andrew Re. "Is Australia Prepared for the Decommissioning Challenge? A Regulator's Perspective." In SPE Symposium: Decommissioning and Abandonment. SPE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/208483-ms.
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Abstract The National Offshore Petroleum Safety and Environmental Management Authority (NOPSEMA) is Australia's independent expert regulator for health and safety, structural (well) integrity and environmental management for all offshore oil and gas operations and greenhouse gas storage activities in Australian waters, and in coastal waters where regulatory powers and functions have been conferred. The Australian offshore petroleum industry has been in operation since the early 1960s and currently has approximately 57 platforms, 11 floating facilities, 3,500km of pipelines and 1000 wells in operation. Many offshore facilities are now approaching the end of their operational lives and it is estimated that over the next 50 years decommissioning of this infrastructure will cost more than US$40.5 billion. Decommissioning is a normal and inevitable stage in the lifetime of an offshore petroleum project that should be planned from the outset and matured throughout the life of operations. While only a few facilities have been decommissioned in Australian waters, most of Australia's offshore infrastructure is now more than 20 years old and entering a phase where they require extra attention and close maintenance prior to decommissioning. When the NOGA group of companies entered liquidation in 2020 and the Australian Government took control of decommissioning the Laminaria and Corallina field development it became evident that there were some fundamental gaps in relation to decommissioning in the Australian offshore petroleum industry. There are two key focus areas that require attention. Firstly, regulatory reform including policy change and modification to regulatory practice. Secondly, the development of visible and robust decommissioning plans by Industry titleholders. The purpose of this paper is to highlight the importance and benefit of adopting good practice when planning for decommissioning throughout the life cycle of a petroleum project. Whilst not insurmountable, the closing of these gaps will ensure that Australia is well placed to deal with the decommissioning challenge facing the industry in the next 50 years.
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Charitonidou, Marianna. "The Reconceptualization of the City’s Ugliness Between the 1950s and 1970s in the British, Italian, and Australian Milieus." In The 38th Annual Conference of the Society of Architectural Historians Australia and New Zealand. SAHANZ, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.55939/a3981pqn6x.
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The paper examines the reorientations of the appreciation of ugliness within different national contexts in a comparative or relational frame, juxtaposing the British, Italian, and Australian milieus, and to relate them to the ways in which the transformation of the urban fabric and the effect of suburbanization were perceived in the aforementioned national contexts. Special attention is paid to the production and dissemination of the ways the city’s uglification was conceptualized between the 1950s and 1970s. Pivotal for the issues that this paper addresses are Ian Nairn’s Outrage: On the Disfigurement of Town and Countryside (1956) Robin Boyd’s Australian Ugliness (1960), and the way the phenomenon of urban expansion is treated in these books in comparison with other books from the four national contexts under study, such as Ludovico Quaroni’s La torre di Babele (1967) and Reyner Banham’s The New Brutalism: Ethic Or Aesthetic? (1966).
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Xinting, Liang. "The Trajectory of Collective Life: The Ideal and Practice of New Village in Tianjin, 1920s-1950s." In The 38th Annual Conference of the Society of Architectural Historians Australia and New Zealand. SAHANZ, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.55939/a4026pt85d.
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Originated from New Village Ideal in Japan, New Village was introduced to China in the early 1920s and became a byword for social reform program. Many residential designs or projects whose name includes the term “Village” or “New Village” had been completed in China since that time. This paper uses the Textual Criticism method to sort out the introduction and translation of New Village Ideal theory in China, and to compare the physical space, life organization and concepts of the New Village practices in ROC with in early PRC of Tianjin. It is found that the term “New Village” continued to be used across several historical periods, showing very similar spatial images. But the construction and usage of New Village and the meaning of collective life changed somewhat under different political positions and social circumstances: New Village gradually became an urban collective residential area which only bore the living function since it was introduced into modern China. The goal of its practice changed from building an equal autonomy to building a new field of power operation, a new discourse of social improvement and a new way for profit-seeking capital. With the change of state regime, the construction had entered a climax stage. New Village then became the symbol of the rising political and social status of the working class, and the link between the change of urban nature and spatial development. Socialism collective life and the temporal and spatial separation or combination between production and live constructed the collective conscience and identity of residents. The above findings highlight the independence of architecture history from general history, help to examine the complexity of China’s localization New Village practice and the uniqueness of Tianjin’s urban history, and provide new ideas for the study of China’s modern urban housing development from the perspective of changes in daily life organization.
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Srinivasan, B., and J. Zeleznikow. "Databases in the 1990s." In Australian Database Research Conference. WORLD SCIENTIFIC, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/9789814540254.
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Srinivasan, B., and J. Zeleznikow. "Databases in the 1990s: 2." In 2nd Australian Databases-Information Systems Conference. WORLD SCIENTIFIC, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/9789814539111.
Full textReports on the topic "1930s Australia"
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Donnini, Frank P. ANZUS in Revision: Changing Defense Features of Australia and New Zealand in the Mid-1980s. Defense Technical Information Center, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada421898.
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McIntyre, Phillip, Susan Kerrigan, and Marion McCutcheon. Australian Cultural and Creative Activity: A Population and Hotspot Analysis: Albury-Wodonga. Queensland University of Technology, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.5204/rep.eprints.206966.
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Albury-Wodonga, situated in Wiradjuri country, sits astride the Murray River and has benefitted in many ways from its almost equidistance from Sydney and Melbourne. It has found strength in the earlier push for decentralisation begun in early 1970s. A number of State and Federal agencies have ensured middle class professionals now call this region home. Light industry is a feature of Wodonga while Albury maintains the traditions and culture of its former life as part of the agricultural squattocracy. Both Local Councils are keen to work cooperatively to ensure the region is an attractive place to live signing an historical partnership agreement. The region’s road, rail, increasing air links and now digital infrastructure, keep it closely connected to events elsewhere. At the same time its distance from the metropolitan centres has meant it has had to ensure that its creative and cultural life has been taken into its own hands. The establishment of the sophisticated Murray Art Museum Albury (MAMA) as well as the presence of the LibraryMuseum, Hothouse Theatre, Fruit Fly Circus, The Cube, Arts Space and the development of Gateway Island on the Murray River as a cultural hub, as well as the high profile activities of its energetic, entrepreneurial and internationally savvy locals running many small businesses, events and festivals, ensures Albury Wodonga has a creative heart to add to its rural and regional activities.
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Commonwealth Bank of Australia - Branches - Shepparton - Premises exterior - February 1930. Reserve Bank of Australia, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.47688/rba_archives_pn-000476.
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Research Department - Central Bank - General - Central Bank Policy (Australia) - 1930 - 1951. Reserve Bank of Australia, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.47688/rba_archives_2006/16467.
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Research Department - Government Finance - Australian Public Debt - Australian Public Debt General Memoranda - File 1 - 1930 - 1944. Reserve Bank of Australia, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.47688/rba_archives_2006/17119.
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State Savings Bank of Western Australia - Moora - Depositors Ledgers - Accounts 1-499 - 1922-1930. Reserve Bank of Australia, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.47688/rba_archives_2006/21018.
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Research Department - Government Finance - State Governments - Statements of Consolidated Revenue & Expenditure Accounts & Loan Fund Accounts (Niemeyer Statements) - South Australia - August 1930 - June 1939. Reserve Bank of Australia, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.47688/rba_archives_2006/17044.
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Research Department - Government Finance - State Governments - Statements of Consolidated Revenue & Expenditure Accounts & Loan Fund Accounts (Niemeyer Statements) - Western Australia - Aug 1930 - Jun 1939. Reserve Bank of Australia, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.47688/rba_archives_2006/17047.
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