Relevant bibliographies by topics / 1930s, United States

Contents

  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Academic literature on the topic '1930s, United States'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 13 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "1930s, United States"

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Jost, Timothy Stoltzfus. "Eight Decades of Discouragement: The History of Health Care Cost Containment in the USA." Forum for Health Economics and Policy 15, no. 3 (2012): 53–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/fhep-2012-0009.

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Abstract This chapter traces the history of attempts at cost control in the United States from the origins of our modern health care financing system in the 1930s and 1940s, through health care cost regulation in the 1970s, and the deregulatory 1980s and 1990s, to the Affordable Care Act.
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George, John. "The Virtual Disappearance of the White Male Sprinter in the United States: A Speculative Essay." Sociology of Sport Journal 11, no. 1 (1994): 70–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/ssj.11.1.70.

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Over the past 30 years almost all world-class United States sprinters have been black. There were also many fast black sprinters in the United States before the 1960s, but in addition there were a considerable number of world-class white sprinters. In fact, during the 1940s and 1950s the fastest men were white. This was not the case during the 1930s, when the best male sprinters were black. This essay discusses the phenomenon and attempts to give reasons for it. Sociological explanations seem considerably more plausible than physical characteristics based on perceived racial differences.
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Mauget, Steven A. "Intra- to Multidecadal Climate Variability over the Continental United States: 1932–99." Journal of Climate 16, no. 13 (2003): 2215–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/2751.1.

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Abstract Trend analysis is used frequently in climate studies, but it is vulnerable to a number of conceptual shortcomings. This analysis of U.S. climate division data uses an alternate approach. The method used here subjects time series of annual average temperature and total precipitation to tests of Mann–Whitney U statistics over moving sampling windows of intra- to multidecadal (IMD) duration. In applying this method to time series of nationally averaged annual rainfall, a highly significant incidence of wet years is found after the early 1970s. When applied to individual climate divisions this test provides the basis for a climate survey method that is more robust than linear trend analysis, and capable of objectively isolating the timing and location of major IMD climate events over the United States. From this survey, four such periods emerge between 1932 and 1999: the droughts of the 1930s and 1950s, a cool 1964–79 period, and wet–warm time windows at the end of the century. More circumstantial consideration was also given here to the state of ENSO, the Pacific decadal oscillation (PDO), the winter state of the North Atlantic Oscillation, and mean annual Northern Hemisphere surface temperature during those periods. Anecdotal evidence presented here suggests that wet years associated with warm-phase ENSO conditions and the positive phase of the PDO may have played a role in ending the drought periods of the 1930s and 1950s. Conversely, the La Niña–like climate impacts found here during the late 1940s to mid-1950s, and the increased incidence of cold phase ENSO and negative phase PDO conditions during that time, suggests connections between that ocean state and severe drought. Significant late-century warmth was found mainly in the western United States after the mid-1980s, but no evidence of a cooling trend was evident in the southeast, as reported elsewhere. The late-century wet regime appears to have occurred in two phases, with wetness confined to the east during 1972–79, and more concentrated in the southwest and central United States during 1982–99.
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Dassbach, Carl H. A. "Enterprises and B Phases: The Overseas Expansion of U.S. Auto Companies in the 1920s and Japanese Auto Companies in the 1980s." Sociological Perspectives 36, no. 4 (1993): 359–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1389393.

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This article addresses a neglected aspect of long wave theory—the increase in certain types of investments during a B phase. Drawing on Arrighi's conceptualization of long waves, a theoretical explanation is developed for increased investments, especially foreign investments, during a B phase. Two examples of foreign investment during a B phase are then examined: American automobile companies in Europe during the 1920s and Japanese automobile companies in the United States during the 1980s. It is demonstrated that there are several parallels between the two which can be explained by the theoretical model developed in the first section. Finally, it is argued that the parallels between the foreign activities of American automobile companies in the 1920s and the foreign activities of Japanese automobile companies in the 1980s will continue and the fate of Japanese companies in the United States during the 1990s will be similar to the fate of American companies in Europe during the 1930s.
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Smith, Sara R. "Queers are Workers, Workers are Queer, Workers' Rights are Hot! The Emerging Field of Queer Labor History." International Labor and Working-Class History 89 (2016): 184–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s014754791500040x.

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Gay male stewards performing drag shows on large passenger ships in the 1930s. Male hustlers selling sex to men for money and then going home to their girlfriends in the 1950s. Lesbian bus drivers organizing in the 1970s to include “sexual orientation” in their union contract's antidiscrimination clause. Gay male flight attendants fired from their jobs for being HIV-positive in the 1980s. These are some of the stories told in the four books under review, each about the queer labor history of the United States.
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Wu, Lawrence L., Steven P. Martin, Paula England, and Nicholas D. E. Mark. "Sexual Abstinence in the United States: Cohort Trends in Abstaining from Sex While Never Married for U.S. Women Born 1938 to 1983." Socius: Sociological Research for a Dynamic World 6 (January 2020): 237802312090847. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2378023120908476.

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In this data visualization, the authors document trends in abstaining from sex while never married for U.S. women born 1938–1939 to 1982–1983. Using data from the six most recent National Surveys of Family Growth, the authors’ estimates suggest that for women born in the late 1930s and early 1940s, 48 percent to 58 percent reported abstaining from sex while never married. Abstinence then declined rapidly among women born in the late 1940s through the early 1960s, leveling off at between 9 percent and 12 percent for more recent birth cohorts. Thus, for U.S. women born between the mid-1960s and the early 1980s, roughly one in nine abstained from sex while never married.
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Minin, Oleg. "Russian Artists in the United States." Experiment 20, no. 1 (2014): 229–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/2211730x-12341264.

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Charting Nicholas Remisoff’s artistic legacy during his California period, this essay explores his contributions to the cultural landscape of the state and emphasizes his work on live stage productions in San Francisco and Los Angeles in the early 1930s and 1940s. Delineating the critical reception of Remisoff’s work in opera, ballet and theatre in these cities, this essay also highlights the artist’s interactions and key collaborations with other Russian and European émigré artists and reflects on the nature of Remisoff’s particular affinity with Southern California.
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McGregor, Kent M. "DROUGHT DURING THE 1930s AND 1950s IN THE CENTRAL UNITED STATES." Physical Geography 6, no. 3 (1985): 288–301. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02723646.1985.10642277.

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Anstead, Gregory M. "History, Rats, Fleas, and Opossums: The Ascendency of Flea-Borne Typhus in the United States, 1910–1944." Tropical Medicine and Infectious Disease 5, no. 1 (2020): 37. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/tropicalmed5010037.

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Flea-borne typhus, due to Rickettsia typhi and Rickettsia felis, is an infection causing fever, headache, rash, hepatitis, thrombocytopenia, and diverse organ manifestations. Although most cases are self-limited, 26%–28% have complications and up to one-third require intensive care. Flea-borne typhus was recognized as an illness similar to epidemic typhus, but having a milder course, in the Southeastern United States and TX from 1913 into the 1920s. Kenneth Maxcy of the US Public Health Service (USPHS) first described the illness in detail and proposed a rodent reservoir and an arthropod vector. Other investigators of the USPHS (Eugene Dyer, Adolph Rumreich, Lucius Badger, Elmer Ceder, William Workman, and George Brigham) determined that the brown and black rats were reservoirs and various species of fleas, especially the Oriental rat flea, were the vectors. The disease was recognized as a health concern in the Southern United States in the 1920s and an increasing number of cases were observed in the 1930s and 1940s, with about 42,000 cases reported between 1931–1946. Attempts to control the disease in the 1930s by fumigation and rat proofing and extermination were unsuccessful. The dramatic increase in the number of cases from 1930 through 1944 was due to: the diversification of Southern agriculture away from cotton; the displacement of the smaller black rat by the larger brown rat in many areas; poor housing conditions during the Great Depression and World War II; and shortages of effective rodenticides and insecticides during World War II.
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Introvigne, Massimo. "“Theosophical” Artistic Networks in the Americas, 1920–1950." Nova Religio 19, no. 4 (2016): 33–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/nr.2016.19.4.33.

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Latin American scholars have discussed interbellum “Theosophical networks” interested in new forms of spirituality as alternatives to Catholicism, positivism and Marxism. In this article I argue that these networks included not only progressive intellectuals and political activists but also artists in Latin America, the United States and Canada, and that their interests in alternative spirituality contributed significantly to certain artistic currents. I discuss three central locations for these networks, in part involving the same artists: revolutionary Mexico in the 1920s; New York in the late 1920s and 1930s; and New Mexico in the late 1930s and 1940s. The Theosophical Society, the Delphic Society, Agni Yoga and various Rosicrucian organizations attracted several leading American artists involved in the networks.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "1930s, United States"

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Matlin, John S. "Political party machines of the 1920s and 1930s : Tom Pendergast and The Kansas City democratic machine." Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2009. http://etheses.bham.ac.uk//id/eprint/449/.

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This thesis is a study of American local government in the 1920s and 1930s and the role played by political party machines. It reviews the growth of overtly corrupt machines after the end of the Civil War, the struggle by the Progressives to reform city halls throughout America at the turn of the twentieth century and the rise of second phase machines at the end of the First World War. It analyses the core elements of machines, especially centralization of power, manipulation of incentives, leadership and “bossism”, and use of patronage. Throughout it emphasises that first and foremost, machines were small monopoly businesses whose vast profits, derived from improper and corrupt use of government levers, were allocated among a small group of senior players. Using the Kansas City Democratic machine of the infamous Tom Pendergast as a case study, it examines challenges to machines and the failure of the local press to expose Pendergast’s wrongdoing. It analyses elements of machine corruption, first in the conduct of elections where numerous fraudulent tactics kept machines in power and, second, in the way machines corruptly manipulated local government, often involving organized crime. Finally, the thesis examines the breach of ethics of machine politics, measuring the breaches against the pragmatism of bosses. Numerous larger-than-life characters appear in the thesis from bosses such as Tweed of Tammany Hall infamy, Alonzo “Nuckie” Johnson, Frank Hague and Tom Pendergast, the gangster John Lazia, as well as men who did business with or fought Pendergast, such as future president Harry S. Truman, Missouri U.S. Attorney Maurice Milligan and even Franklin D. Roosevelt.
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Schonbach, Morris. "Native American Fascism during the 1930s and 1940s a study of its roots, its growth, and its decline /." New York : Garland Pub, 1985. http://catalog.hathitrust.org/api/volumes/oclc/12419923.html.

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Gephardt, Dennis Marklin. "American Newsreels of the 1930s." W&M ScholarWorks, 1998. https://scholarworks.wm.edu/etd/1539626183.

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Christofides, Sheila School of Art History &amp Theory UNSW. "The intransigent critic: reconsidering the reasons for Clement Greenberg???s formalist stance from the early 1930s to the early 1970s." Awarded by:University of New South Wales. School of Art History and Theory, 2004. http://handle.unsw.edu.au/1959.4/20562.

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This thesis investigates the reasons for Greenberg???s aesthetic intransigence ??? that is, his adherence to a formalist/purist stance, and his refusal to countenance non-purist twentiethcentury avant-garde trends evident in the art he ignored or denigrated, and in the art he promoted. The most substantial body of work challenged is Cold War revisionism (exemplified by the scholarship of Francis Frascina, Serge Guilbaut, and John O???Brian) which casts Greenberg as a politically expedient party to the imperialist agendas of various CIA-funded organisations. The major conclusions reached are that: Greenberg???s aesthetic intransigence was driven by a similarly intransigent ethico-political position, and that his critical method reflected patterns of argumentation set up in ???Avant-Garde and Kitsch??? (1939). This essay, and Greenberg???s ethico-political position, derived, not least, from his direct encounter with American Nazism and anti-Semitism which led him to realise that America (with what he saw as its decadence, cultural apathy, and low-level mass taste) was as vulnerable to the threat of totalitarianism as Europe and Russia. Reflecting this fear, ???Avant-Garde and Kitsch??? had juxtaposed a stagnant, impure culture with a vigorous avantgarde culture of impeccable vintage ??? in the process infusing politics into a formalist, historical conception of modernism Greenberg first devised in the early 1930s and then augmented, during 1938-9, with Hans Hofmann???s theories and others. Thus established, this rudimentary paradigm for Greenberg???s art writing was elaborated upon and made canonical in ???Towards a Newer Laocoon??? (1940), and entrenched after the war concurrent with the entrenchment of his ethico-political position. In the face of a Stalinist/capitalist war of wills, continuing anti-Semitism, and what Greenberg perceived as increasing decadence, he continued to argue for a serious, professionally-skilled (predominantly abstract) art, which would be resistant to the ersatz, yet not dehumanized by excluding the natural. By promoting this as the only genuine avant-garde art (while ignoring or denigrating playful, humorous and anarchic avant-garde tendencies), and by reiterating in the 1950s his pre-war Marxist sympathies, Greenberg was effectively demonstrating his continued hope for a utopian culture (luxuriant, formal, informed and socialist) first visualised in the late 1930s.
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Alter, Peter Thomas. "The Serbian great migration: Serbs in the Chicago region, 1880s to 1930s." Diss., The University of Arizona, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/289230.

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This work is the study of the dual movement of a people. Firstly, the Serbs physically migrated, starting in the 1880s and concluding in the 1910s, from the Balkans to the Chicago region. Secondly, by the late 1930s, these immigrants had moved racially from being an indeterminate racial group to being part of the white race. When Serbs came to the Chicago region, Protestant native-born Americans did not consider them to be white. From the Serbs' arrival around the turn of the century to the early 1930s, Chicago area Progressives and residents constructed a racialized view of these Serbs. The Serbs, according to these mostly Anglo Americans, were uncivilized. Middle-class immigrant Serbs, declaring a need for racial improvement, constructed themselves as civilized and white. These Serbs pointed back to centuries of Serbian civilization and culture as proof of their fitness to participate in Anglo-American society. Serbian history showed they were a truly democratic and civilized people, not the tribal savages that Anglo-Americans saw. Immigrant Serbs, through benefit and fraternal organizations, also promoted the Yugoslav ideal as the path toward civilization. Creating a Yugoslav kingdom of Serbs, Croats, and Slovenes would show Americans that all Serbs everywhere were democratic and civilized. With the rise of xenophobia and racism during the 1920s, the United States experienced a crisis in race and citizenship. Serbs stood at the crossroads of this crisis. While middle-class Serbs continued promoting themselves as white and civilized, Anglo Americans realized that they too could benefit from these Serbian middle class' efforts. The Serbs, Anglo-Americans argued, should become citizens and pledge their allegiance to the United States. Through this process of citizenship, the Serbs would learn to be good Americans, a key to becoming white. As part of the white race, the Serbs would no longer present a challenge to Anglo-American racial hegemony.
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Leib, Joelle. "How to be a Good Neighbor: Christianity's Role in Enacting Non-interventionist Policies in Latin America During the 1930s and 1940s." Scholarship @ Claremont, 2017. http://scholarship.claremont.edu/scripps_theses/1069.

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This thesis attempts to demonstrate how Reverend and Professor Hubert Herring’s dedication to Congregationalism motivated him to advocate for the autonomy of Latin American nations through the pursuit of non-interventionist policies, an approach the U.S. government ultimately adopted when it best suited its interests during World War II.
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Coulter, Matthew Ware. "Beyond the Merchants of Death: the Senate Munitions Inquiry of the 1930s and its Role in Twentieth-Century American History." Thesis, University of North Texas, 1996. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc279357/.

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The Senate Munitions Committee of 1934-1936, chaired by Gerald Nye of North Dakota, provided the first critical examination of America's modern military establishment. The committee approached its task guided by the optimism of the progressive Social Gospel and the idealism of earlier times, but in the middle of the munitions inquiry the nation turned to new values represented in Reinhold Niebuhr's realism and Franklin D. Roosevelt's Second New Deal. By 1936, the committee found its views out of place in a nation pursuing a new course and in a world threatening to break out in war. Realist historians writing in the cold war period (1945-1990) closely linked the munitions inquiry to isolationism and created a one-dimensional history in which the committee chased evil "merchants of death." The only book-length study of the munitions investigation, John Wiltz's In Search of Peace, published in 1963, provided a realist interpretation. The munitions inquiry went beyond the merchants of death in its analysis of the post-World War I American military establishment. A better understanding emerges when the investigation is considered not only within an isolationist framework, but also as part of the intellectual, cultural, and political history of the interwar years. In particular, Franklin Roosevelt's political use of the investigation becomes apparent. Sources used include the committee's hearings, exhibits, and reports, the Gerald Nye Papers, the Franklin Roosevelt Papers, the Cordell Hull Papers, the R. Walton Moore Papers, the Henry Stimson Papers, the Homer Cummings Diaries, and the State Department's decimal files.
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Haas, Benjamin D. "Singing Songs of Social Significance: Children's Music and Leftist Pedagogy in 1930s America." Thesis, connect to online resource, 2008. http://digital.library.unt.edu/permalink/meta-dc-9777.

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Krueckeberg, John Christian 1966. "Fighting the fascist option in the Great Depression: Raymond Swing, Dale Carnegie and the cultural history of the specter of fascism in the 1930s' United States." Diss., The University of Arizona, 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/282368.

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American fascism is an underdeveloped topic in American history and it often rests in the pale of narratives focused upon, respectively, American extremism, protest movements, and assimilation processes. This informal dismissal is due, in part, to an historiographical misunderstanding of the work of Raymond Swing. Swing, an intellectual to whom all historians of "native" American fascism have turned, pioneered studies of the fascist tendencies extant in specific organizations and politicians of the 1930s; yet, no study of Swing's antifascist life exists. Unrecognized by the scholars who have appropriated small amounts of Swing's writings is that he changed his definition of fascism over the decade, placing the locus of fascism in three different discursive formations: economic, political, and then cultural. Perceiving American fascism in the early thirties to be more than simply the nationalistic politics of demagogues and their followers, Swing first defined the phenomenon as economic: a calculus of expenditure that tolerated the death of Americans deemed superfluous or dangerous by those who expunged them. In the middle thirties Swing perceived fascism to be the political phenomenon of a dictatorship that operated within the calculus. Swing moved towards a cultural definition of fascism as the United States experienced a "red scare" and Germany and Italy both expanded their territory and supported dictatorships emerging elsewhere. By the end of the decade, Swing committed himself to a definition of fascism as a "culture of barbarism" and he presented it to his radio audience of millions as the antithesis of American culture. He had moved far from his 1933 conception of American culture being inherently fascist. Swing's thought is understandable when considered in its contexts. To understand Swing's biographical context this dissertation places him in the history of his family of reformers and elicits the "progressive" theme to his life story. To understand the context of the Great Depression that informed Swing's changing definitions, this dissertation studies Swing's work in conjunction with the decade's popular culture. Special emphasis is placed upon Dale Carnegie, political films of 1933, and the Federal Theatre Project's, It Can't Happen Here.
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McBee, Randy D. "Struggling, petting, muzzling, mushing, loving, fondling, feeling or whatever you wish to call it : a social history of working-class heterosexuality in the United States, 1890s-1930s /." free to MU campus, to others for purchase, 1996. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/mo/fullcit?p9821329.

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Books on the topic "1930s, United States"

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Social history of the United States: The 1930s. ABC-CLIO, 2008.

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American culture in the 1930s. Edinburgh University Press, 2008.

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Frank, Alvin C. A history of FBI telecommunications, 1930s to 1980s: A vision to the future. A.C. Frank, 2007.

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Barreca, Alan. Agricultural policy, migration, and malaria in the 1930s United States. National Bureau of Economic Research, 2011.

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Perry, Mehrling, and Hart Albert Gailord 1909-, eds. Debt, crisis, and recovery: The 1930s and the 1990s. M. E. Sharpe, 1995.

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Lindop, Edmund. America in the 1930s. Twenty-First Century Books, 2010.

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America in the 1930s. Twenty-First Century Books, 2004.

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Richard, Martin. American ingenuity: Sportswear, 1930s-1970s. Metropolitan Museum of Art, 1998.

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Metropolitan Museum of Art (New York, N.Y.), ed. American ingenuity: Sportswear, 1930s-1970s. Metropolitan Museum of Art, 1998.

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Lindenmeyer, Kriste. The greatest generation grows up: American childhood in the 1930s. Ivan R. Dee, 2005.

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Book chapters on the topic "1930s, United States"

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Applewhite, Harriet B. "The Final Suffrage Debates, 1920s and 1930s." In Women Representatives in Britain, France, and the United States. Palgrave Macmillan US, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9781137525871_2.

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Williams, Andrew J. "France, Britain and the United States in the 1930s until the Fall of France." In France, Britain and the United States in the Twentieth Century 1900–1940. Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9781137315458_5.

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Cross, Gary. "What Does “Fast Capitalism” Mean for Consumers? Examples of Consumer Engineering in the United States." In Consumer Engineering, 1920s–1970s. Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-14564-4_3.

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Tropea, Joseph L. "Bureaucratic Order and Special Children: Urban Schools, 1950s–1960s." In Urban Education in the United States. Palgrave Macmillan US, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9781403981875_12.

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MacDonald, Victoria-María. "In Search of Educational Opportunity and Access, the 1960s and 1970s." In Latino Education in the United States. Palgrave Macmillan US, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9781403982803_8.

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Krause-Junk, Gerold. "Tax Policies in the 1980s and 1990s: The Case of Germany." In Taxation in the United States and Europe. Palgrave Macmillan UK, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-22884-3_12.

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Maillard, Didier. "Tax Policies in the 1980s and 1990s: the Case of France." In Taxation in the United States and Europe. Palgrave Macmillan UK, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-22884-3_14.

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Guerra, Maria Cecilia. "Tax Policies in the 1980s and 1990s: the Case of Italy." In Taxation in the United States and Europe. Palgrave Macmillan UK, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-22884-3_15.

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Streissler, Erich W. "Tax Policies in the 1980s and 1990s: the Case of Austria." In Taxation in the United States and Europe. Palgrave Macmillan UK, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-22884-3_17.

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de Kam, Flip. "Tax Policies in the 1980s and 1990s: the Case of the Netherlands." In Taxation in the United States and Europe. Palgrave Macmillan UK, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-22884-3_16.

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Conference papers on the topic "1930s, United States"

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Šesnić, Jelena. "Bogdan Raditsa, the 1970s, and the Question of Croatian Emigration." In Cross-cultural Readings of the United States. Filozofski fakultet u Zagrebu, FF Press, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.17234/wpas.2014.9.

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Ķestere, Iveta, and Baiba Kaļķe. "Learning National Identity Outside the Nation-State: the Story Of Latvian Primers (Mid-1940s – Mid-1970s)." In 78th International Scientific Conference of University of Latvia. University of Latvia, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.22364/htqe.2020.03.

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In order to understand how the concept of national identity, currently included in national legislation and curricula, has been formed, our research focuses on the recent history of national identity formation in the absence of the nation-state “frame”, i.e. in Latvian diaspora on both sides of the Iron Curtain – in Western exile and in Soviet Latvia. The question of our study is: how was national identity represented and taught to next generations in the national community that had lost the protection of its state? As primers reveal a pattern of national identity practice, eight primers published in Western exile and six primers used in Soviet Latvian schools between the mid-1940s and the mid-1970s were taken as research sources. In primers, national identity is represented through the following components: land and nation state iconography, traditions, common history, national language and literature. The past reverberating with cultural heritage became the cornerstone of learning national identity by the Latvian diaspora. The shared, idealised past contrasted the Soviet present and, thus, turned into an instrument of hidden resistance. The model of national identity presented moral codes too, and, teaching them, national communities did not only fulfill their supporting function, but also took on the functions of “normalization” and control. Furthermore, national identity united generations and people’s lives in the present, creating memory-based relationships and memory-based communities.
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Hand, J. L., B. A. Schichtel, W. C. Malm, and M. Pitchford. "Widespread reductions in sulfate across the United States since the early 1990s." In NUCLEATION AND ATMOSPHERIC AEROSOLS: 19th International Conference. AIP, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4803313.

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Xu, Leilei, Xiaoling Zhao, and Zhaohua Li. "Seismic Margin Assessment and Improvements of Qinshan Nuclear Power Plant." In 2017 25th International Conference on Nuclear Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icone25-66983.

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Seismic Margin Assessment (SMA) is one of the methods for seismic safety assessment of nuclear power plants. The United States in the 1990s requires all running nuclear power plants to carry out an Individual Plant Examination of External Events (IPEEE), in the completion of the IPEEE of 110 units, 65 units using the seismic margin assessment method. The commercial nuclear power industry of China started late, although the Shanghai Nuclear Engineering Research and Design Institute in the 1980s to carry out seismic safety evaluation of relevant research. After the Fukushima nuclear accident, the National Nuclear Safety Administration requires all nuclear power plants in operation to carry out Seismic Margin Assessment. In view of the above background, the Shanghai Nuclear Engineering Research and Design Institute and Qinshan Nuclear Power Co., Ltd. on the Qinshan nuclear power plant to carry out the seismic margin assessment. Through the assessment, some weak links were found in the Qinshan nuclear power plant in some aspects. The Qinshan nuclear power plant in the implementation of the targeted improvements, the power plant’s seismic capacity has been effectively improved.
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Hauck, Paul L., Anthony M. LoRe, and Kevin Trytek. "Has the Time Come for More Publicly Operated WTE Facilities in the United States?" In 19th Annual North American Waste-to-Energy Conference. ASMEDC, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/nawtec19-5416.

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When the current generation of U.S. waste-to-energy (WTE) facilities was developed during the 1980s and early 1990s, there were a large number of companies competing to design, build, operate and maintain them under a long term contract. Over the years, almost all of these firms have left the WTE business for a variety of reasons leaving essentially only two U.S. firms actively competing for renewed operating and maintenance (O&M) contracts for publicly owned WTE facilities. This consolidation has significantly reduced the level of competition for public owners who are interested in rebidding their WTE O&M contracts at the end of their initial or extended terms and, as a result, has the potential to increase the cost of service. Consolidation has likewise reduced the level of competition for potential new WTE projects in the U.S. This paper reviews the history of public sector operation of WTE facilities in the U.S., the unique challenges presented by public operation and whether it is time for more public owners to consider this alternative for existing WTE facilities in light of the lack of competition by private operating companies. Perceived risks and impediments to public operation of WTE facilities and suggestions on how to overcome them are presented as well as the benefits and opportunities available to public owners. The keys to a successful public WTE operating venture are also discussed based on the experiences of ecomaine, a consortium of 21 member municipalities in southern Maine that have operated and maintained their own 550 ton per day (tpd) WTE facility for more than 20 years. Public versus private operating practices for European WTE facilities are also explored as well as public ownership and operation of new WTE facilities including those based on alternative or emerging technologies.
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ROZMARINOVÁ, Jana. "Health Technology Assessment. Literature Review." In Current Trends in Public Sector Research. Masaryk University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.5817/cz.muni.p210-9646-2020-12.

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Health Technology Assessment (HTA) is one of the tools that can be used to support rational and objective decision-making in healthcare in the endeavour to contain public expenditure while maintaining the availability of healthcare interventions. The complex process of HTA often struggles to find its place in public policies and faces pressure from various stakeholders. HTA has existed since the 1970s and as a formal process has its roots in the United States. During the 1980s, HTA began to spread outside the US and over the next twenty years, reached almost all European countries, including some countries in Central Europe. The rise of HTA brought about an exponential increase in the empirical studies of HTA available in academic databases. This study reviews the available literature to analyse the development and research topics and the potential pitfalls of HTA implementation.
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Tawney, Rattan K., James A. Bonner, and Asem M. Elgawhary. "Economic and Performance Evaluation of Combined Cycle Repowering Options." In ASME Turbo Expo 2002: Power for Land, Sea, and Air. ASMEDC, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2002-30565.

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The majority of fossil units in many countries including the United States were built from 1950 through the 1970s, and these older plants are now approaching the end of their useful operating design life. Faced with continued demand growth and compliance with stringent emissions requirements, the power industry may choose building new replacement units, extending the operating life of existing units, or repowering these existing units. Repowering has been demonstrated to be an attractive alternative that incorporates state-of-the-art technologies into an existing unit to achieve higher performance and thermal efficiency, lower emissions, higher reliability and usefulness, and the potential for a shorter execution permitting schedule. Combined cycle technology has become desirable and has matured for the repowering existing plants because of its high thermal efficiency, low emissions, low installed and operation cost, short installation time, high reliability and availability, excellent cycling capability, and operating flexibility. Various options are available for repowering applications on existing plants with combined cycle technology. The options include hot windbox repowering, feedwater heater repowering, and combustion turbine (CT) with heat recovery steam generator (HRSG) repowering. This paper examines the performance benefits of these combined cycle repowering options and analyzes associated costs.
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Li, Chunjiang. "Discussion on Isolationism in the United States in the 1920s: a revival or a disaster." In Proceedings of the 2nd International Conference on Humanities Education and Social Sciences (ICHESS 2019). Atlantis Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/ichess-19.2019.2.

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Dickson, Terry L., Shah N. Malik, Mark T. Kirk, and Deborah A. Jackson. "Status of the United States Nuclear Regulatory Commission Pressurized Thermal Shock Rule Re-Evaluation Project." In 10th International Conference on Nuclear Engineering. ASMEDC, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icone10-22656.

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The current federal regulations to ensure that nuclear reactor pressure vessels (RPVs) maintain their structural integrity when subjected to transients such as pressurized thermal shock (PTS) events were derived from computational models that were developed in the early to mid 1980s. Since that time, there have been advancements in relevant technologies associated with the physics of PTS events that impact RPV integrity assessment. Preliminary studies performed in 1999 suggested that application of the improved technology could reduce the conservatism in the current regulations while continuing to provide reasonable assurance of adequate protection to public health and safety. A relaxation of PTS regulations could have profound implications for plant license extension considerations. Based on the above, in 1999, the United States Nuclear Regulatory Commission (USNRC) initiated a comprehensive project, with the nuclear power industry as a participant, to re-evaluate the current PTS regulations within the framework established by modern probabilistic risk assessment (PRA) techniques. During the last three years, improved computational models have evolved through interactions between experts in the relevant disciplines of thermal hydraulics, PRA, human reliability analysis (HRA), materials embrittlement effects on fracture toughness (crack initiation and arrest), fracture mechanics methodology, and fabrication-induced flaw characterization. These experts were from the NRC staff, their contractors, and representatives from the nuclear industry. These improved models have now been implemented into the FAVOR (Fracture Analysis of Vessels: Oak Ridge) computer code, which is an applications tool for performing risk-informed structural integrity evaluations of embrittled RPVs subjected to transient thermal-hydraulic loading conditions. The baseline version of FAVOR (version 1.0) was released in October 2001. The updated risk-informed computational methodology in the FAVOR code is currently being applied to selected domestic commercial pressurized water reactors to evaluate the adequacy of the current regulations and to determine whether a technical basis can be established to support a relaxation of the current regulations. This paper provides a status report on the application of the updated computational methodology to a commercial pressurized water reactor (PWR) and discusses the results and interpretation of those results. It is anticipated that this re-evaluation effort will be completed in 2002.
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Ingersoll, Daniel T. "An Overview of the Safety Case for Small Modular Reactors." In ASME 2011 Small Modular Reactors Symposium. ASMEDC, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/smr2011-6586.

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Several small modular reactor (SMR) designs emerged in the late 1970s and early 1980s in response to lessons learned from the many technical and operational challenges of the large Generation II light-water reactors. After the accident at the Three Mile Island plant in 1979, an ensuing reactor redesign effort spawned the term “inherently safe” designs, which later evolved into “passively safe” terminology. Several new designs were engineered to be deliberately small in order to fully exploit the benefits of passive safety. Today, new SMR designs are emerging with a similar philosophy of offering highly robust and resilient designs with increased safety margins. Additionally, because these contemporary designs are being developed subsequent to the September 11, 2001, terrorist attack, they incorporate a number of intrinsic design features to further strengthen their safety and security. Several SMR designs are being developed in the United States spanning the full spectrum of reactor technologies, including water-, gas-, and liquid-metal-cooled ones. Despite a number of design differences, most of these designs share a common set of design principles to enhance plant safety and robustness, such as eliminating plant design vulnerabilities where possible, reducing accident probabilities, and mitigating accident consequences. An important consequence of the added resilience provided by these design approaches is that the individual reactor units and the entire plant should be able to survive a broader range of extreme conditions. This will enable them to not only ensure the safety of the general public but also help protect the investment of the owner and continued availability of the power-generating asset. Examples of typical SMR design features and their implications for improved plant safety are given for specific SMR designs being developed in the United States.
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Reports on the topic "1930s, United States"

1

Barreca, Alan, Price Fishback, and Shawn Kantor. Agricultural Policy, Migration, and Malaria in the 1930s United States. National Bureau of Economic Research, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w17526.

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Bordo, Michael, and John Landon-Lane. The Lessons from the Banking Panics in the United States in the 1930s for the Financial Crisis of 2007-2008. National Bureau of Economic Research, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w16365.

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Blau, Francine, Patricia Simpson, and Deborah Anderson. Continuing Progress? Trends in Occupational Segregation in the United States Over the 1970s and 1980s. National Bureau of Economic Research, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w6716.

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Fishback, Price, and Shawn Everett Kantor. The Adoption of Workers' Compensation in the United States 1900-1930. National Bureau of Economic Research, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w5840.

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Clarke, Conor, and Wojciech Kopczuk. Business Income and Business Taxation in the United States Since the 1950s. National Bureau of Economic Research, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w22778.

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Snow, Daniel P. United States Army Officer Personnel Reforms and the Decline of Rank Flexibility, 1890s-1920s. Defense Technical Information Center, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada614151.

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Lazonick, William, Philip Moss, and Joshua Weitz. The Unmaking of the Black Blue-Collar Middle Class. Institute for New Economic Thinking Working Paper Series, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.36687/inetwp159.

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In the decade after the Civil Rights Act of 1964, African Americans made historic gains in accessing employment opportunities in racially integrated workplaces in U.S. business firms and government agencies. In the previous working papers in this series, we have shown that in the 1960s and 1970s, Blacks without college degrees were gaining access to the American middle class by moving into well-paid unionized jobs in capital-intensive mass production industries. At that time, major U.S. companies paid these blue-collar workers middle-class wages, offered stable employment, and provided employees with health and retirement benefits. Of particular importance to Blacks was the opening up to them of unionized semiskilled operative and skilled craft jobs, for which in a number of industries, and particularly those in the automobile and electronic manufacturing sectors, there was strong demand. In addition, by the end of the 1970s, buoyed by affirmative action and the growth of public-service employment, Blacks were experiencing upward mobility through employment in government agencies at local, state, and federal levels as well as in civil-society organizations, largely funded by government, to operate social and community development programs aimed at urban areas where Blacks lived. By the end of the 1970s, there was an emergent blue-collar Black middle class in the United States. Most of these workers had no more than high-school educations but had sufficient earnings and benefits to provide their families with economic security, including realistic expectations that their children would have the opportunity to move up the economic ladder to join the ranks of the college-educated white-collar middle class. That is what had happened for whites in the post-World War II decades, and given the momentum provided by the dominant position of the United States in global manufacturing and the nation’s equal employment opportunity legislation, there was every reason to believe that Blacks would experience intergenerational upward mobility along a similar education-and-employment career path. That did not happen. Overall, the 1980s and 1990s were decades of economic growth in the United States. For the emerging blue-collar Black middle class, however, the experience was of job loss, economic insecurity, and downward mobility. As the twentieth century ended and the twenty-first century began, moreover, it became apparent that this downward spiral was not confined to Blacks. Whites with only high-school educations also saw their blue-collar employment opportunities disappear, accompanied by lower wages, fewer benefits, and less security for those who continued to find employment in these jobs. The distress experienced by white Americans with the decline of the blue-collar middle class follows the downward trajectory that has adversely affected the socioeconomic positions of the much more vulnerable blue-collar Black middle class from the early 1980s. In this paper, we document when, how, and why the unmaking of the blue-collar Black middle class occurred and intergenerational upward mobility of Blacks to the college-educated middle class was stifled. We focus on blue-collar layoffs and manufacturing-plant closings in an important sector for Black employment, the automobile industry from the early 1980s. We then document the adverse impact on Blacks that has occurred in government-sector employment in a financialized economy in which the dominant ideology is that concentration of income among the richest households promotes productive investment, with government spending only impeding that objective. Reduction of taxes primarily on the wealthy and the corporate sector, the ascendancy of political and economic beliefs that celebrate the efficiency and dynamism of “free market” business enterprise, and the denigration of the idea that government can solve social problems all combined to shrink government budgets, diminish regulatory enforcement, and scuttle initiatives that previously provided greater opportunity for African Americans in the government and civil-society sectors.
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Lee, Woong. Private Deception and the Rise of Public Employment Offices in the United States, 1890 - 1930. National Bureau of Economic Research, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w13695.

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Avery, Michael L., and James R. Lindsay. Monk Parakeets. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2016.7208743.ws.

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Since their introduction to the United States in the 1960s, monk parakeets (Myiopsittamonachus) have thrived. Monk parakeets often construct nests on man-made structures, such as electric utility facilities and cell phone towers. Monk parakeets are non-native and not protected by the Federal Migratory Bird Treaty Act. Their status at the State level varies considerably─from no regulation to complete protection. Thus, it is best to consult with the appropriate local wildlife management agency before initiating any control efforts. The monk parakeet is a popular cage bird, and although imports from South America have ceased, many are available in the U.S. through captive breeding and from individuals who take young birds from nests.
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Mian, Atif, Amir Sufi, and Emil Verner. How do Credit Supply Shocks Affect the Real Economy? Evidence from the United States in the 1980s. National Bureau of Economic Research, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w23802.

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