Academic literature on the topic '1934, May 13-May 27'

Britten‘s music is usually thought of as tonal, even if the term is sometimes qualified.’ Much of the drama of his operas (at least, up to and including A Midsummer Night's Dream, op. 64 (1960)) has been discussed in terms of ‘tonal action’, as have the structures of individual songs, song cycles and purely instrumental works. Yet his earliest published works are not tonal in the same way as later, more widely known ones. Not until the works of his American years (1939–42) do we begin to see the kind of tonal structure that enabled Peter Grimes, op. 33 (1945), to be conceived – structures like the highly focused tritonal opposition of Les illuminations, op. 18 (1939), or the E/C ambiguity (eventually resolved in favour of E) of the Hymn to St Cecilia, op. 27 (1942). Nevertheless Britten's first three works with opus numbers, written while he was a student at the Royal College of Music from 1930 to 1933 (the Sinfonietta, op. 1, completed in July 1932; the Phantasy Quartet, op. 2, completed in October 1932; and A Boy was Born, op. 3, completed in May 1933), are quite clearly diatonic in basis. This essay explores the ways in which this diatonicism is structured, and sketches the subsequent history of the main procedure involved.

Alan Cuthbert carried out ground-breaking work on epithelial ion transport. He used radiolabelled amiloride and benzamil to measure the sodium channel density in epithelia from frog skin and toad bladder, tissues that are good models for the distal section of the mammalian kidney tubule. This work shed important new light on how the properties of these channels are modified by hormones such as aldosterone and antidiuretic hormone, and increased our understanding of how diuretics affect kidney function. Later, he focused on the ion transport deficits that underlie cystic fibrosis (CF), and was a member of the team that showed that the ion transport defect could be corrected in CF transgenic mice by gene therapy. Alan was Sheild Professor of Pharmacology and Head of the Department of Pharmacology at the University of Cambridge from 1979 until his retirement in 1999. During this time he was instrumental in moving the Department from the Addenbrooke's Hospital site to a new building in the centre of town. He was also Master of Fitzwilliam College from 1991 until 1999. Alan made major contributions to pharmacology nationally and internationally, serving as chairman of the editorial board of the British Journal of Pharmacology for eight years, and as President of the Federation of European Pharmacological Societies for two years. In recognition of his contributions to the subject, the British Pharmacological Society awarded him their Wellcome Gold Medal in 2005. After his retirement, he continued his research in the Department of Medicine, pursuing novel pharmacological approaches to the treatment of CF.

We constructed a reporter influenza A/Puerto Rico/8/1934 virus expressing truncated 124aa N-terminal NS1 protein fused to a luciferase reporter sequence (NanoLuc) without signal peptide. The reproduction activity of the vector correlated well with the luminescent activity in the lysates of infected cell cultures or mouse respiratory organ suspensions. Surprisingly, we found that luciferase enzymatic activity was present not only in the intracellular compartments but also in cell culture supernatants as well as in the sera or bronchiolar lavages of infected mice. This fact allowed us to formulate a working hypothesis about the extracellular delivery mechanism of the NS1 protein. To test this idea, we conducted co-transfection experiments in Vero cells with different combinations of plasmids encoding influenza genomic segments and chimeric NS1-NanoLuc encoding plasmid. We found that the emergence of the luciferase reporter in the extracellular compartment was promoted by the formation of the ribonucleoprotein complex (RNP) from the co-transfection of plasmids expressing PB1, PB2, PA, and NP proteins. Therefore, influenza NS1 protein may be delivered to the extracellular compartment together with the nascent RNP complexes during the maturation of virus particles.

Abstract Background In 2015, adolescents 13–24 years were disproportionately affected and accounted for 22% of new HIV infections in the United States. In New York State (NYS), the rate of adolescents (13–19 years) living with HIV infection is more than twice the national rate (44.4 vs. 19.4 per 100,000 population). As part of the ending the epidemic (ETE) program, the NYS Department of Health spearheaded access to pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) for high-risk individuals to keep them HIV negative. This study aims to test the hypothesis that adolescents at risk may not be utilizing PrEP and that there are barriers to adopting it. Methods A cross-sectional survey (Qualtrics) was conducted from Aug 2017 to May 2018 using a 13-item multiple choice and Lickert scale validated questionnaire that takes <5 minutes to complete. Descriptive and nonparametric tests (GraphPad Prism v5.04) were used to characterize knowledge and acceptance of PrEP among adolescents in Capital District NY after the initiation of the ETE program in NYS. Results There were 97 respondents and 89 (92%) completed all questions. Most of the respondents identify themselves as female (36%), straight (27%), middle aged adolescents 15–17 years (64%), African American (46%) and currently in high school (69%). Majority have seen a medical provider in the past 12 months (90%), at the doctor’s office (61%), and majority have never been offered HIV test (60%). Majority have not heard of a medicine that can prevent HIV infection (58%), most have not heard of PrEP (57%), and many do not know where to go to learn more about PrEP (56%). Most have not been offered PrEP (86%) and respondents were split in adopting PrEP (yes 49% vs. no 51%). The reasons for not agreeing to start PrEP are shown in Figure 1. Majority are interested in attending educational program on PrEP (57%). Adolescents are likely to adopt PrEP if they heard about it (P = 0.01), if they know where to go to learn about it (P = 0.02), and if someone offered it (P = 0.03). Conclusion Adolescent knowledge of PrEP may be suboptimal and presents barriers to adopting it. However, they are willing to accept PrEP if offered. This study demonstrates potential avenues for intervention and provider-initiated programs should be evaluated in scaling-up PrEP into adolescent health services. Disclosures All authors: No reported disclosures.