Academic literature on the topic '1950-1970s'
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Journal articles on the topic "1950-1970s"
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Ader, Lidia. "Microtonal Russia: 1950-1970s myths and realities." New Sound, no. 42 (2013): 42–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/newso1341042a.
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Franco, Marco P. Vianna. "Environmental Economics, 1950-1970s: To Arcadia (and Back)." OEconomia 14-3 (2024): 653–66. https://doi.org/10.4000/12v3b.
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Karpyuk, Sergey. "Ancient Slavery in Soviet Historiography of 1950—1970s." ISTORIYA 14, no. 2 (124) (2023): 0. http://dx.doi.org/10.18254/s207987840024695-3.
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By the mid-1950s, the theme of the “slave revolution” in antiquity had lost relevance, ceased to be considered the “main” topic for Soviet historians of the ancient world. This was evidenced by the disappearance of works on this subject from the capital’s publications, and quite critical responses to the works of A. V. Mishulin. It was necessary to choose a new “main” theme. The importance of the topic of slavery in antiquity for Soviet science was due to the “socio-economic basis” of the study of the history of the ancient world (i.e. “slave-owning formation”), and opposition to “bourgeois science”, which, according to Soviet scientists, underestimated the importance of slavery in antiquity. A series of monographs “Studies on the history of slavery in the ancient world” and the publication of articles in the “Journal of Ancient History” in the section “Materials and research on the history of slavery” showed the potential of Soviet historical science, provoked a response abroad. However, interest in research on slavery in the USSR has been steadily declining since the second half of the 1960s, and in the 1980s it almost died out. Studies on the history of slavery in the ancient world were too “ideological” and therefore ceased to be of interest, especially for young Soviet historians.
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Isakhan, G. T., Zh O. Khassenova, Zh S. Mazhitova, and A. K. Bogenbayeva. "The unrealized state attempt of establishing German autonomy in Kazakhstan (1950–1970s)." Bulletin of the Karaganda university History.Philosophy series 112, no. 4 (2023): 56–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.31489/2023hph4/56-63.
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The article considers important historical aspects of the national movement of the Soviet Germans in Kazakh-stan in the second half of the 20th century. The study highlights the contribution, forced resettlement, labor, numbers, the discriminatory policy of the authorities as well as the emergence of the emigrant and autonomist moods of the Germans in Kazakhstan. The reasons for the emergence of the “German question” were re-vealed and characterized. The struggle of the Germans for restoration of the autonomy on the Volga and the campaigns of German delegations to the Kremlin with the aim to resolve this issue are noted. The anti-autonomist movement of youth and students in Tselinograd oblast in June 1979 is evaluated. The authors ex-press their opinion on the causes and consequences for Kazakhstani society of the failed attempt to establish German autonomy.
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Wang, Z., J. Chappellaz, P. Martinerie, et al. "The isotopic record of Northern Hemisphere atmospheric carbon monoxide since 1950, implications for the CO budget." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Discussions 11, no. 11 (2011): 30627–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acpd-11-30627-2011.
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Abstract. We present a 60-yr record of atmospheric CO concentration and stable isotopic ratios at high northern latitude based on firn air samples collected in the frame of the North Greenland Eemian Ice Drilling (NEEM) project. Concentration, δ13C, and δ18O of CO from trapped gases in the firn were measured by gas chromatography coupled with isotope ratio mass spectrometry (gc-IRMS). Using models of trace gas transport in firn, the long-term trend of atmospheric CO and its stable isotopic composition at high northern latitudes since the 1950s were reconstructed. Our best firn air scenarios suggest that δ13C decreased slightly from −25.8‰ in 1950 to −26.4‰ in 2000, then dropped to −27.2‰ in 2008. δ18O decreased more regularly from 9.8‰ in 1950 to 7.1‰ in 2008. The best firn air scenarios also suggest that CO concentration increased gradually from 1950 and peaked likely in the late-1970s, followed by a gradual decrease by present day (Petrenko et al., 2011). An isotope mass balance model is applied to quantify the temporal evolution of CO source partitioning able to explain the combined mixing ratio and isotopic ratio changes. It suggests that a slight increase followed by a large reduction in CO derived from fossil fuel combustion occurred since 1950. The increase of CO concentration from 1950 to the mid-1970s is the result of a combined increase of multiple sources. The reduction of CO emission from fossil fuel combustion after the mid-1970s is the most plausible mechanism for the drop of CO concentration during this time. The mitigation policy for CO emission from vehicle exhaust such as application of catalytic converters and the growth of diesel engine vehicles market share are the main expected reasons for the CO source strength change from fossil fuel combustion.
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Wang, Z., J. Chappellaz, P. Martinerie, et al. "The isotopic record of Northern Hemisphere atmospheric carbon monoxide since 1950: implications for the CO budget." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 12, no. 10 (2012): 4365–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-12-4365-2012.
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Abstract. We present a 60-year record of the stable isotopes of atmospheric carbon monoxide (CO) from firn air samples collected under the framework of the North Greenland Eemian Ice Drilling (NEEM) project. CO concentration, δ13C, and δ18O of CO were measured by gas chromatography/isotope ratio mass spectrometry (gc-IRMS) from trapped gases in the firn. We applied LGGE-GIPSA firn air models (Witrant et al., 2011) to correlate gas age with firn air depth and then reconstructed the trend of atmospheric CO and its stable isotopic composition at high northern latitudes since 1950. The most probable firn air model scenarios show that δ13C decreased slightly from −25.8‰ in 1950 to −26.4‰ in 2000, then decreased more significantly to −27.2‰ in 2008. δ18O decreased more regularly from 9.8‰ in 1950 to 7.1‰ in 2008. Those same scenarios show CO concentration increased gradually from 1950 and peaked in the late 1970s, followed by a gradual decrease to present day values (Petrenko et al., 2012). Results from an isotope mass balance model indicate that a slight increase, followed by a large reduction, in CO derived from fossil fuel combustion has occurred since 1950. The reduction of CO emission from fossil fuel combustion after the mid-1970s is the most plausible mechanism for the drop of CO concentration during this time. Fossil fuel CO emissions decreased as a result of the implementation of catalytic converters and the relative growth of diesel engines, in spite of the global vehicle fleet size having grown several fold over the same time period.
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Godwin, Matthew, Jane Gregory, and Brian Balmer. "The Anatomy of the Brain Drain Debate, 1950–1970s: Witness Seminar." Contemporary British History 23, no. 1 (2009): 35–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13619460801990088.
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Petrenko, V. V., P. Martinerie, P. Novelli, et al. "A 60 yr record of atmospheric carbon monoxide reconstructed from Greenland firn air." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 13, no. 15 (2013): 7567–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-13-7567-2013.
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Abstract. We present the first reconstruction of the Northern Hemisphere (NH) high latitude atmospheric carbon monoxide (CO) mole fraction from Greenland firn air. Firn air samples were collected at three deep ice core sites in Greenland (NGRIP in 2001, Summit in 2006 and NEEM in 2008). CO records from the three sites agree well with each other as well as with recent atmospheric measurements, indicating that CO is well preserved in the firn at these sites. CO atmospheric history was reconstructed back to the year 1950 from the measurements using a combination of two forward models of gas transport in firn and an inverse model. The reconstructed history suggests that Arctic CO in 1950 was 140–150 nmol mol−1, which is higher than today's values. CO mole fractions rose by 10–15 nmol mol−1 from 1950 to the 1970s and peaked in the 1970s or early 1980s, followed by a ≈ 30 nmol mol−1 decline to today's levels. We compare the CO history with the atmospheric histories of methane, light hydrocarbons, molecular hydrogen, CO stable isotopes and hydroxyl radicals (OH), as well as with published CO emission inventories and results of a historical run from a chemistry-transport model. We find that the reconstructed Greenland CO history cannot be reconciled with available emission inventories unless unrealistically large changes in OH are assumed. We argue that the available CO emission inventories strongly underestimate historical NH emissions, and fail to capture the emission decline starting in the late 1970s, which was most likely due to reduced emissions from road transportation in North America and Europe.
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Elnikov, Mikhail. "Metal Products of the Bolshiye Kuchugury Hillfort (stray finds of 1950—1970s)." Stratum plus. Archaeology and Cultural Anthropology, no. 5 (October 29, 2021): 379–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.55086/sp215379396.
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The author analyzes metal products found at the hillfort of Bolshiye Kuchugury in 1950—1970 as stray finds. Among them, of interest are a few iron tools for woodworking and agriculture, a mortar and a bracelet with benevolent inscriptions, a gold ring, and a silver ingot-sauma. The analysis of the cultural and chronological attribution of the discoveries showed that their dating doesn’t go beyond the second half of the 14th — first quarter of the 15th century. The latter doesn’t agree with the view of a number of researchers, according to which the hillfort of Bolshiye Kuchugury (Ordu city) existed until the middle — third quarter of the 15th century. Trade development of population of the hillfort of Bolshiye Kuchugury is indicated by the discoveries of silver ingots-sauma. Products similar to the ones from “Kuchugury” were distributed across large territories of the Golden Horde. Absence of such discoveries at synchronous monuments in the Lower Dnieper region may indicate that their appearance in the region was not the result of trade links. Some of the products find direct analogies among the sites in the Volga region (Bulgar ulus) and moved along with the population of the Mamay Horde.
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Steele, Michael, and Wendy Ermold. "Steric Sea Level Change in the Northern Seas." Journal of Climate 20, no. 3 (2007): 403–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jcli4022.1.
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Abstract Ocean temperature and salinity data over the period 1950–2000 in the Northern Seas, defined here as the North Atlantic Ocean (north of 50°N), North Pacific Ocean (north of 40°N), and Arctic Oceans, are combined to diagnose the steric (i.e., density) contribution to sea level variation. The individual contributions to steric height from temperature (thermosteric height) and salinity (halosteric height) are also analyzed. It is found that during 1950–2000, steric height rose over the study’s domain, mostly as a result of halosteric increases (i.e., freshening). Over a shorter time period (late 1960s to early 1990s) during which climate indices changed dramatically, steric height gradients near the Nordic Seas minimum were reduced by 18%–32%. It is speculated that this may be associated with a local slowing of both the Meridional Overturning Circulation and the southward flow through Fram Strait. However, steric height increases in the North Pacific Ocean during this time imply a possible acceleration of flow through the poorly measured Canadian Arctic. Evidence that the Great Salinity Anomaly of the late 1960s and 1970s had two distinct Arctic Ocean sources is also found: a late 1960s export of sea ice, and a delayed but more sustained 1970s export of liquid (ocean) freshwater. A simple calculation indicates that these Arctic Ocean freshwater sources were not sufficient to create the 1970s freshening observed in the North Atlantic Ocean.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "1950-1970s"
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Alvarez, Romero Ana. "L'empreinte ethnographique dans la littérature mexicaine des années 1950, 1960 et 1970." Thesis, Montpellier 3, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017MON30060.
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Ce travail analyse les relations de l'ethnographie avec un corpus divers de la littérature mexicaine publiée au cours des années 1950, 1960 et 1970. Ces relations sont examinées par ce que nous appelons «empreinte ethnographique», une frontière sémiotique (dans la terminologie de Yuri Lotman) où les intérêts et les méthodes de l'ethnographie sont traduits en termes littéraires. Grâce à ce concept, nous analysons: Juan Pérez Jolote: biografía de un tzotzil (1948), de Ricardo Pozas; El diosero (1952), de Francisco Rojas González; Benzulul (1959), de Eraclio Zepeda; Balún Canán (1957) et Los convidados de agosto (1964), de Rosario Castellanos; La tumba (1964), de José Agustín; Gazapo (1965), de Gustavo Sainz; Los hongos alucinantes (1964), de Fernando Benítez; Los albañiles (1963), de Vicente Leñero; Hasta no verte Jesús mío (1969) et La noche de Tlatelolco (1971), d’ Elena Poniatowska; Chin chin el teporocho (1971), d’Armando Ramírez; et Vida de María Sabina. La sabia de los hongos (1977), d’Álvaro Estrada. L'interconnexion est présentée par le travail littéraire axé sur la reconstruction des sujets inscrits et configurés par leur culture: si d'abord dans la littérature mexicaine l'accent était mis sur l'indigène, ultérieurement cette littérature essai d'expliquer la culture de l'habitant urbain. De cette façon, l’empreinte ethnographique dévoile comment un corpus apparemment divers est interconnecté. De même, nous proposons que cette empreinte ethnographique soit construite par ce qu'on appelle le «réalisme culturel»: un style d’écriture qui tente de rendre compte de cultures spécifiques selon le point de vue de ses acteurs<br>This study analyzes ethnography’s relationship with a diverse corpus of Mexican literature published during the decades of 1950, 1960 and 1970. These relationships are analyzed through what we call “ethnographic imprint”, a semiotic frontier (in Yuri Lotman’s terminology) where ethnography’s interests and methods are translated into literary terms. Through this concept, we analyze Juan Pérez Jolote: biografía de un tzotzil (1948), by Ricardo Pozas; El diosero (1952), by Francisco Rojas González; Benzulul (1959), by Eraclio Zepeda; Balún Canán (1957) and Los convidados de agosto (1964), by Rosario Castellanos; La tumba (1964), by José Agustín; Gazapo (1965), by Gustavo Sainz; Los hongos alucinantes (1964), by Fernando Benítez; Los albañiles (1963), by Vicente Leñero; Hasta no verte Jesús mío (1969) and La noche de Tlatelolco (1971), by Elena Poniatowska; Chin chin el teporocho (1971), by Armando Ramírez; and Vida de María Sabina. La sabia de los hongos (1977), by Álvaro Estrada. The interconnection appears through literary work focused on rebuilding subjects framed and shaped by their culture: if the original focus was the native, in the later period the subject explained according to its culture was the urban dweller. Thus, the ethnographic imprint reveals how an apparently diverse corpus is interconnected. Similarly, we propose that this ethnographic imprint is constructed through what we call “cultural realism”: a writing style that tries to account specific cultures (with correspondence in the extratextual world) from the actors’ point of view
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Magatti, Mauro. "On the social embeddedness of economic life : a comparative analysis of two textile districts, Britain and Italy, 1950 - 1970s." Thesis, University of Kent, 1990. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.280894.
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Chen, Shu-Huan, and 陳舒環. "Research on Music Style of Taiwanese Versions of Japanese Songs during the 1950-1970s." Thesis, 2012. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/tam3rb.
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Hong, Ding-Guo, and 洪定國. "The study on the activities of exported craft industry developed by LuKang Experimental Factory during 1950-1970s." Thesis, 2005. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/85831517674723934692.
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碩士<br>國立雲林科技大學<br>工業設計系碩士班<br>93<br>This research is according to literature and history collecting, Deductive-Method and field study to probe into the past history of Lu-Kang established “LuKang Bamboo Craft Training Center” by the guidance of “Taiwan Handicraft Promotion Center”(THPC) in 1959, and “LuKang Experimental Factory” closed down in 1985 under promoting exported industry''s economic policy. And the development and contributions of it drove the training activities of the craft industry of bamboo, wood and rattan crafts.
This research tests and verifies the record of THPC directorate’s meeting and the information in “China Handicraft” and the results of the interviews with its administrators, technicians and staffs about 12 people. We find out that after the establishment of THPC in 1956, the government started to promote the exported craft industry in GuanMiao, NanTou, LuKang and BuDai. Then THPC established the “LuKang Bamboo Craft Training Center” with LuKang Town Hall in 1959 for training of bamboo articles. In 1961, LuKang Bamboo Craft Training Center changed its name as “Lu-Kang Experimental Factory” managed by THPC to produce bamboo crafts and woodcarving. In 1966, because of the effect of industrial economy, the Wood Carving Dept. of LuKang Experimental Factory increases the production of woodenware, and it started to product woody-bowls in 1968. Because of the oil crisis, LuKang Experimental Factory changed to produce the ready-made clothes in 1974, and closed down in 1985.
As the result of this research, we realize the exported craft industry carried out by “LuKang Experimental Factory” during 1950-1970s truly provided well-paid jobs to impoverished Taiwan farm villages after war and increased local economy. Furthermore, we realize although LuKang has plentiful cultures of crafts for 300years, but it still develops its traditional characteristics under the economic recovery policy after war. It also added new modes of craft industry to produce, and became an example of the activities of local craft industry in Taiwan.
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Ching, Lien-Yi, and 連奕晴. "A Study on the Training Pattern form by Nantou Craft Seminar during 1950-1970s and their Influence." Thesis, 2006. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/00973483189135279334.
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碩士<br>國立雲林科技大學<br>工業設計系碩士班<br>94<br>This study use dictation interview and reference research to investigate the development and training process during “Nantou Craft Seminar” to “Nantou Craft Research and Study Station” which was established by Yen Shui-Long who authorized by Nantou County government during 1950-1970.
According to the interviews with the participants of Nantou Craft Seminar during1954-58: Wang Chin-Shuan, Huang Tu-Shan, Lin Jin-Tang, Lin Qiu-Huang, Hong Ho-Bin, Li Rong-Lie, Chen Qing-Zhang and Hong Guo-Lian, and after examining and checking reference. The result shows that the establishment reason of Nantou Craft Seminar can trace to “Chushan Prefecture Bamboo Craft Impartation Station” which established in 1938. And during 1952-53 after Second World War, because of three effective conferences encourage Nantou county government to establish Nantou Craft Seminar in July 1954. This class also set up “Nantou County Crafts Production and Marketing Cooperation” in 1955 and become the only standing body crafts talent training. In July 1959, the class was enlarged to Nantou Craft Research and Study Station. Because of the “Well-fixed policy” in 1973, the class changed to “Taiwan Province Handicrafts Research Station”. And from 1999 to now, it become “National Taiwan Crafts Research Station” which dependence on Taiwan Council for Cultural Affairs.
Secondary, there were several departments of Nantou Craft Seminar in 1954-58. They were bamboo crafts, wood crafts, canes crafts, lathe, ceramics, knit and sculpture. Yen Shui-Long was the leader of the class and Wang Chin-Shuan was the deanery. Planning to adopt the theory and practice to regard as equally important in course, arrange theory discipline in the morning, there are Chinese, citizen, sketch, drawing, making maps and craft summary, etc. ; It is real skill course in the afternoon, the training from foundation to professional follows in order and advance step by step.
A lot of undergo training after completing a course the first year students become graduate student, promote to the technological instructor after continuing studying for two years; Therefore train a lot of outstanding craft craftsman''s teachers, for instance such persons as Li Rong-Lie, Hong Yun-Tern, Huang Che-Ming. In addition, “Taiwan Handicraft Promotion Center” (abbreviate as THPC) use talents and favorable terrain, the cooperative activity engaged in relevant crafts and develop by this through this class, and the THPC’s dyes knitting testing, engage the persons who weave scientifically Wei Man and Hong Min-Chu to help to dye the development of weaving for the assistant.
Understand through research this Nantou Craft Seminar 1954-59, teaching is strict and sturdy, and its training activity is with considerable scale, make the model that craft talents in Taiwan; Revitalize the most concrete realization achievement of craft in Taiwan at the same time. Craft talents this class cultivates become and extend the most important successor of the craft in Taiwan so far, and influence craft talents training in Taiwan deeply in half century.
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Koh, Helen Hyung-In. "Imagining childhood : narratives of formation in Korean short fiction of the 1970s /." 2001. http://gateway.proquest.com/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&res_dat=xri:pqdiss&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation&rft_dat=xri:pqdiss:3029511.
Full textBooks on the topic "1950-1970s"
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1946-, Olson James Stuart, ed. Historical dictionary of the 1970s. Greenwood Press, 1999.
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Lasso, Angelo. Malaysian Short Stories and Photos : Stage Of 1950-1970s: Malaysia 1950 - 1970 Photo. Independently Published, 2021.
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Wendschlag, Mikael. Central Bankers in Twelve Countries between 1950 and 2000. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198782797.003.0009.
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This chapter studies the professional, political, and academic ‘human capital endowment’ of the central bank governors in office between 1950 and 2000 in twelve OECD countries. Although many national differences are observed, four more general shifts in central bank governor ‘types’ have been identified: (1) the civil servant central banker of the economic ‘golden age’ of the 1950s and 1960s; (2), the central bank politicians of the 1970s; (3) the market-oriented governors of the 1980s; and (4), the academic central banker from the 1990s onward. During the period studied, it is also possible to track the development of an international elite of central bankers, sharing similar backgrounds (academically and professionally) and views on monetary policy. A key observation is that ‘what makes for a credible central banker’ has changed over time, and especially following events such as economic recessions or financial crises.
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Mcneill, Dougal. The Short Story in Aotearoa/New Zealand. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199679775.003.0030.
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This chapter discusses the history of the short story in Aotearoa/New Zealand, arguing that the genre's cultural centrality is, from 1950, displaced at the very moment its literary viability becomes assured. It considers how shifts in publishing practices and audience consumption patterns allowed all manner of literary writing, short fiction included, to flourish. The chapter examines the development of Pākehā short fiction during the periods 1950–1968 and it traces the parallel development of Maōri short fiction after 1950, and how the journal Te Ao Hou (1952–1976) promoted Maōri writing in English which has flourished since the 1970s. Finally, it shows how the New Zealand short story has fared in the 1980s and beyond.
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Bode, Katherine. Australia. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199679775.003.0004.
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This chapter on the history of book publishing in Australia divides Australian novel publishing since 1950 into three periods: the 1950s and 1960s, the 1970s and 1980s, and the 1990s to the present. During the 1950s and 1960s, British companies dominated the publication of Australian novels and publishing decisions were predominantly made overseas, but the period also witnessed a ‘local publishing boom’, driven by the belief in the importance of Australian literature and publishing. The 1970s and 1980s saw the growth of a vibrant local publishing industry, supported by cultural nationalist policies and broad social changes. At the same time, the significant economic and logistical challenges of local publishing led to closures and mergers, and — along with the increasing globalization of publishing — enabled the entry of large, multinational corporations into the market. This latter trend, and the processes of globalization and deregulation, continued in the 1990s and beyond.
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Sugars, Cynthia. Canada. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199679775.003.0009.
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This chapter examines the history of the English-language novel in Canada since 1950. It first considers how the promotion of Canadian cultural identity and attempts to articulate a distinctly Canadian social ethos became increasingly mobilized in the decades following World War II. It then discusses the newfound optimism about the future of Canadian literature and culture that flourished following the Massey Commission initiatives, as well as Canadian novels published during the 1960s and 1970s — a period regarded as a time of social emancipation, sexual freedom, and counter-culture revolution. It also explores developments in the 1980s and 1990s and during the period 2000–2015, citing a number of important novels published in these years, including Ann-Marie MacDonald's Fall on Your Knees (1996), Austin Clarke's The Polished Hoe (2002), Dionne Brand’s What We All Long For (2005), and David Chariandy's Soucouyant (2007).
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Moffat, Kirstine. Aotearoa/New Zealand. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199679775.003.0010.
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The post-1950 novel in New Zealand can be described in terms of transition and innovation, as writers were energized by a sense of ferment, excitement, and shifting identities. This reflects the profound social, political, and cultural changes of the period. In the 1950s and 1960s, literary novelists were driven by two desires: to create a genuine local literature that was not derivative of British models and to awaken society from its socially conservative and ethnically homogeneous complacency. The chapter considers how the New Zealand novel has been shaped by postcolonial and feminist sensibilities since the 1970s together with a wider sense of its Pacific and Asian identity. It also discusses the authors' exploration of shifting identities, which can be divided into four broadly chronological, overlapping phases: social realism and social protest; the Maōri Renaissance; cultural change and stylistic experimentation; and boundary-crossing.
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Majumdar, Sumit K. Productive Efficiency Analysis over Six Decades. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199641994.003.0006.
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This chapter contains an efficiency analysis for Indian industry from 1950–51 to 2013–14. Overall, there had been consistent growth in manufacturing employment over six decades, though by the 2010s only 13 million persons, or 0.1% of the population, had industrial jobs. Capital widening and deepening in India was substantial. In the 1950s, productive efficiency was high. In the 1960s, average productive efficiency declined sharply. In the 1970s, productive efficiency declined and stagnated till the 1980s when it started rising again. In the 1990s, productive efficiency rose and efficiency patterns were stable till the late 2010s when decline set in. Productive efficiency began a downward trend in the 2010s. In spite of capital widening and deepening, Indian industry was inept at managing technology. Indian industry has not possessed the competence to handle the knowledge embodied in fixed capital inputs, which is a hallmark of modern economies.
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Gwon, Gwisook. Island of World Peace. The Rowman & Littlefield Publishing Group, Inc., 2023. https://doi.org/10.5040/9798881818227.
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This book explores the history of the Jeju massacre (1947-1954), the deadest recognized civilian massacre in modern South Korean history, through the lens of state building in South Korea. Jeju-based sociologist Gwisook Gwon examines the massacre on Jeju Island in relation to the birth of anti-communist South Korea in the early Cold War, while also focusing on the reintegration of Jeju Islanders into the state through the history of Jeju soldiers in the Korean War (1950-1953) and the history of Jeju women in the economic recovery and modernization between the 1950s and the 1970s. The study of these post-massacre legacies is novel to South Korean history. The book also discusses the on-going reconciliation of the 4.3 historical conflicts and the transformation of Jeju into an “Island of World Peace.” This fresh and original study offers an empirical example of state-building processes at the local level in South Korea from the origin of the state to its democratization. In doing so, it contributes to several fields, including, the Korean War, state violence, conflict resolution studies, gender studies, and Asian and Korean studies.
Book chapters on the topic "1950-1970s"
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Ritman, Erik L., David R. Holmes, and Robert L. Frye. "1950–1970s: Where We Came From." In The Mayo Clinic Cardiac Catheterization Laboratory. Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-79329-6_1.
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Ishii, Susumu. "The Japanese Apparel Industry and Consumer Society from 1950 to the 1970s." In Monograph Series of the Socio-Economic History Society, Japan. Springer Singapore, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-0709-5_1.
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Eggert, Paul. "1.2.4. Anglophone traditions." In Comparative History of Literatures in European Languages. John Benjamins Publishing Company, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/chlel.xxxv.10egg.
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Spurred on by new editions of works of modern literature in which manuscript materials are often extant, editorial theory since the 1980s has been laying the groundwork for the wider introduction of a genetic perspective on the works of Anglophone authors. Resistance to the idea from the 1940s is traced. The editing of writers’ journals during the 1970s–1990s shows a hesitation to follow the brave lead of the Harvard edition of Emerson’s Journals in recording in-text cancellations and additions. Editors’ conceptions of the reader of their editions have evolved since 1950. The advent of the Cornell Wordsworth and Cornell Yeats editions broadened understanding of the editorial-archival function; the method has become accepted as the base-line responsibility of digital editors.
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Eggert, Paul. "1.2.4. Anglophone traditions." In Comparative History of Literatures in European Languages. John Benjamins Publishing Company, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/chlel.35.10egg.
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Spurred on by new editions of works of modern literature in which manuscript materials are often extant, editorial theory since the 1980s has been laying the groundwork for the wider introduction of a genetic perspective on the works of Anglophone authors. Resistance to the idea from the 1940s is traced. The editing of writers’ journals during the 1970s–1990s shows a hesitation to follow the brave lead of the Harvard edition of Emerson’s Journals in recording in-text cancellations and additions. Editors’ conceptions of the reader of their editions have evolved since 1950. The advent of the Cornell Wordsworth and Cornell Yeats editions broadened understanding of the editorial-archival function; the method has become accepted as the base-line responsibility of digital editors.
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Doignon, Yoann, Isabelle Blöss-Widmer, Elena Ambrosetti, and Sébastien Oliveau. "Fertility Intensity and Timing." In Population Dynamics in the Mediterranean. Springer International Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-37759-4_5.
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AbstractThis chapter looks at the comparative evolution of fertility since 1950 through several synthetic indicators of fertility intensity (average number of children per woman) and timing (age at childbearing, all birth ranks combined). The Mediterranean area is still a fairly contrasted area in terms of fertility levels, but the reduction in the gaps between countries has been clear and rapid since the 1970s. Fertility is still relatively high in some Southern and Eastern Mediterranean countries and is decreasing noticeably, while very low levels can be observed on the Northern Shore (Spain, Portugal, Italy, Greece, etc.). The chapter also presents the most probable fertility trends in this region of the world by returning to the underlying hypotheses. Is the hypothesis of a sustainable convergence of fertility at the level of the replacement fertility rate between the shores foreseeable and, if so, over what time horizon?
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Spiekermann, Uwe. "German-Style Consumer Engineering: Victor Vogt’s Verkaufspraxis, 1925–1950." In Consumer Engineering, 1920s–1970s. Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-14564-4_7.
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Addleson, Mark. "Monetary Policy in the 1970s and 1980s." In Financial Enterprise in South Africa since 1950. Palgrave Macmillan UK, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-11536-5_3.
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Bradley, Kate. "Connecting the Disconnected: Telephones, Activism, and “Faring Well” in Britain, 1950–2000." In Palgrave Studies in the History of Experience. Springer Nature Switzerland, 2024. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-64987-5_13.
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AbstractThis chapter critically examines the ways in which 24-hour telephones were used by radical activist groups from the 1960s and 1970s to connect people in a timely fashion with the experiential expertise they needed to “fare well” whilst navigating a state that was all too often hostile. The telephone lines run by Defence and Release offered immediate help to Black people and those involved with the counterculture who found themselves in trouble with the police or landlords, or otherwise struggling to access the services they needed. Run by the community for the community, these lines offered a model of how expertise acquired from dealing with the police and other state services could be mobilised and shared with others. The hotline concept moved from the counterculture to the mainstream during the 1970s and 1980s, showing how the telephone was a vital tool by which citizens could assert their right to “fare well” within the Welfare State.
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Sánchez-García, Raúl. "Changes in Play and Playgrounds Within Recent Informalising and Reformalising Cycles of Parent-Child Relationships (1950–2020)." In Palgrave Studies on Norbert Elias. Springer International Publishing, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-60958-9_6.
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AbstractThis chapter analyses the recent development of the free/supervised play balance in children and in the design of playgrounds within the parent-child relationship in Western countries from a figurational perspective. It aims to further Norbert Elias’s analyses on the civilising of parents by introducing Cas Wouters’s ideas on informalisation. During the informalisation phase of the 1960s–1970s, a more even balance between generations ensued during the welfare state. Children’s play featured a prevalence of more freedom within ‘adventure playgrounds’ and ‘novelty playgrounds’. The informalisation phase was followed by a long reformalisation period (since the mid-1970s, but especially in the 1980s) characterised by more control and risk averse attitudes in parents and the emergence of a more restricting approach of ‘standardised playgrounds’. A rising informalisation trend gained momentum since the mid-2000s, leading to a moderate approach in the design of ‘integrated playgrounds’ in which risky play’s positive influence was acknowledged.
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Ercolani, Sara. "Il canone inverso. Il governo italiano e i missionari cattolici in Somalia (1950-1970)." In L’Italia repubblicana e gli aiuti internazionali. Firenze University Press, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.36253/979-12-215-0389-0.06.
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This paper examines the relationships established between the 1950s and 1970s between the Italian government and the Catholic missionaries in Somalia as part of international cooperation. Using mainly unpublished documentation found at the Historical Archives of the Order of Friars Minor in Rome and the Archives of the St. Anthony Province of the Friars Minor in Milan, the essay reconstructs the collaboration that took place between the Italian authorities and the missionaries in the field of educational activities, technical preparation and health care, over about three decades.
Conference papers on the topic "1950-1970s"
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Ivanov, N. V. "Chuvash police in the fight against juvenile delinquency in the 1950-1970s." In Scientific dialogue: Questions of philosophy, sociology, history, political science. ЦНК МОАН, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.18411/spc-01-05-2019-05.
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Kosinova, E. V. "FOREIGN EXPERIENCE IN FORMING THE ARCHITECTURAL ENVIRONMENT OF TECHNOPOLISES OF THE 1950–1970s." In Regionalnye arhitekturno-hudozhestvennye shkoly. Новосибирский государственный университет архитектуры, дизайна и искусств имени А.Д. Крячкова, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.37909/978-5-89170-315-5-2022-2017.
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Dong, Xiao. "POPULARITY OF STANISLAVSKY IN CHINA." In 10th International Conference "Issues of Far Eastern Literatures (IFEL 2022)". St. Petersburg State University, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.21638/11701/9785288063770.26.
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Konstantin Sergeevich Stanislavsky is the most influential theater director of the Soviet era in the first half of the 20th century. The system he created, which is based on the “art of experiencing”, had a profound impact on the performing arts of the 20th century. Since it was introduced into China in the 1940s, it has played a very important role in the development of contemporary Chinese drama performance art in the 1950–1960 years. In the 1960–1970, Stanislavsky was criticized in China. Since the late 1970s, although Stanislavsky has been vindicated in China, his importance has correspondingly weakened with the popularity of Brecht. It can be said that the encounter of Stanislavsky in China is a typical example, reflecting acceptance and interpretation of Russian Soviet literature and art in China. To some extent, this tendency obscures the real value of Russian Soviet literature and art. It is a problem worthy of reflection.
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Tawney, Rattan K., James A. Bonner, and Asem M. Elgawhary. "Economic and Performance Evaluation of Combined Cycle Repowering Options." In ASME Turbo Expo 2002: Power for Land, Sea, and Air. ASMEDC, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2002-30565.
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The majority of fossil units in many countries including the United States were built from 1950 through the 1970s, and these older plants are now approaching the end of their useful operating design life. Faced with continued demand growth and compliance with stringent emissions requirements, the power industry may choose building new replacement units, extending the operating life of existing units, or repowering these existing units. Repowering has been demonstrated to be an attractive alternative that incorporates state-of-the-art technologies into an existing unit to achieve higher performance and thermal efficiency, lower emissions, higher reliability and usefulness, and the potential for a shorter execution permitting schedule. Combined cycle technology has become desirable and has matured for the repowering existing plants because of its high thermal efficiency, low emissions, low installed and operation cost, short installation time, high reliability and availability, excellent cycling capability, and operating flexibility. Various options are available for repowering applications on existing plants with combined cycle technology. The options include hot windbox repowering, feedwater heater repowering, and combustion turbine (CT) with heat recovery steam generator (HRSG) repowering. This paper examines the performance benefits of these combined cycle repowering options and analyzes associated costs.
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Данилина, Виктория Валерьевна. "ЗАКОНОМЕРНОСТИ И ОСОБЕННОСТИ «СИНДРОМА ГОДОВЩИНЫ» КАК ВИДА ТРАНСГЕНЕРАЦИОННОЙ ТРАВМЫ". У Высокие технологии и инновации в науке: сборник статей LX международной научной конференции (Санкт-Петербург, Март 2025). Crossref, 2025. https://doi.org/10.37539/250324.2025.59.29.002.
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Статья исследует «синдром годовщины» в контексте трансгенерационной терапии. В статье рассматривается понятие «синдром годовщины», описывается анализ взглядов авторов на «синдром годовщины», закономерности и особенности синдрома. Результаты исследования ДЖ. Р. Хилгард показывают, что «синдром годовщины» проявляется с большей частотой, чем предполагалось, и его статистическая значимость для женщин выше, чем для мужчин. Проведен анализ исследований с 1950-х по 1970-е годы, в которых специалисты по психическому здоровью обращали внимание на закономерности, связанные с обострением травм, происходящими в годовщины или праздничные даты. В статье представлены общие симптомы, которые возникают в ответ на годовщину травматического опыта, например, ночные кошмары, воспоминания, навязчивые образы, страх, гнев и проблемы со сном. The article explores the "anniversary syndrome" in the context of transgenerational therapy. The article discusses the concept of "anniversary syndrome", describes the analysis of the authors' views on the "anniversary syndrome", patterns and features of the syndrome. The results of J. R. Hilgard's study show that the "anniversary syndrome" is manifested with a higher frequency than expected, and its statistical significance for women is higher than for men. The analysis of studies from the 1950s to the 1970s, in which mental health professionals drew attention to patterns associated with the exacerbation of injuries occurring on anniversaries or holidays. The article presents common symptoms that occur in response to the anniversary of a traumatic experience, such as nightmares, flashbacks, obsessive images, fear, anger, and sleep problems.
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Campo-Ruiz, Ingrid. "Experimenting with prototypes: architectural research in Sweden after Le Corbusier’s projects." In LC2015 - Le Corbusier, 50 years later. Universitat Politècnica València, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/lc2015.2015.893.
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Abstract: Le Corbusier’s architectural production throughout the twentieth century served as a reference for subsequent developments in architecture and urban planning in Sweden. Some of the buildings and urban plans subsequently developed in Sweden and influenced by Le Corbusier’s ideas and projects also impacted on the international architectural scene. This research analyses how the study of Le Corbusier’s works affected projects in Sweden from the 1920s to the 1970s and how they also became an international standard. Le Corbusier’s works provided a kind of prototype, with which Swedish architects experimented in alternative ways. During the 1920s, Le Corbusier’s Pavilion de l’Esprit Nouveau and the Stuttgart Weissenhofsiedlung impressed influential Swedish architect, including Uno Åhrén, Gunnar Asplund and Sven Markelius, who later became proponents of modernism in Sweden. The 1930 Stockholm Exhibition marked a breakthrough for functionalism in Sweden. After 1930, urban plans for Stockholm and its suburbs reflected some of Le Corbusier’s ideas, such as the urban plan by Sven Markelius, and Vällingby’s town centre by Leif Reinius and Sven Backström. After 1950, Léonie Geisendorf , Ralph Erskine, Sigurd Lewerentz and Peter Celsing placed considerable emphasis on rough texture in poured concrete. Lewerentz, who admired the works of Le Corbusier, designed the churches of Markuskyrkan in 1956 and St Peter’s in Klippan in 1966, with a wider international impact. Reyner Banham included several works by Le Corbusier and also Markuskyrkan Church by Lewerentz in his book The New Brutalism: Ethic or Aesthetic? in 1966. Keywords: Sweden, twentieth-century architecture, urban planning, prototype, architectural experiment, functionalism. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/LC2015.2015.893
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Bielschowsky, Bernardo Brasil. "Análise da paisagem de uma cidade no Sul do Brasil: a paisagem urbana na área central de Blumenau/SC - Brasil." In Seminario Internacional de Investigación en Urbanismo. Curso de Arquitetura e Urbanismo. Universidade do Vale do Itajaí, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.5821/siiu.6337.
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Este trabalho pretende analisar a paisagem urbana na área central de Blumenau/SC - Brasil, a partir da
 década de 1950, para demonstrar a importância dessa paisagem historicamente construída como um bem
 patrimonial que deve ser valorizado. Esse patrimônio, culturalmente e socialmente constituído, que é a
 paisagem, encontra-se ameaçado por sucessivas políticas públicas de desvalorização da história da cidade
 e pela construção de grandes cenários com imagens urbanas emblemáticas, principalmente a partir da
 década de 1970, quando ocorre uma ameaça mais efetiva à área de estudo. A principal problemática,
 atualmente, são as sucessivas tentativas do próprio poder público em tentar vender a cidade como um
 objeto, através dessas imagens emblemáticas. Essas políticas públicas tratam da espetacularização urbana,
 da mercantilização dos espaços e da própria paisagem da cidade. This study aims to examine the urban landscape in the central area of Blumenau/SC - Brazil, from the 1950s,
 to demonstrate the importance of this landscape historically constituted as a heritage that should be valued.
 This heritage, culturally and socially constituted, which is the landscape, is threatened by successive politics
 of devaluation of the city's history and the construction of large scenarios with emblematic urban images,
 mainly from the 1970s, when a threat occurs more effectively to the study area. The main problem currently
 are the successive attempts of the government in trying to sell the city as an object through these
 emblematic urban images. These public politics dealing with a urban spectacle, the commercialization of
 space and the landscape of the city.
Reports on the topic "1950-1970s"
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Hostetler, Steven, Cathy Whitlock, Bryan Shuman, David Liefert, Charles Wolf Drimal, and Scott Bischke. Greater Yellowstone climate assessment: past, present, and future climate change in greater Yellowstone watersheds. Montana State University, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.15788/gyca2021.
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The Greater Yellowstone Area (GYA) is one of the last remaining large and nearly intact temperate ecosystems on Earth (Reese 1984; NPSa undated). GYA was originally defined in the 1970s as the Greater Yellowstone Ecosystem, which encompassed the minimum range of the grizzly bear (Schullery 1992). The boundary was enlarged through time and now includes about 22 million acres (8.9 million ha) in northwestern Wyoming, south central Montana, and eastern Idaho. Two national parks, five national forests, three wildlife refuges, 20 counties, and state and private lands lie within the GYA boundary. GYA also includes the Wind River Indian Reservation, but the region is the historical home to several Tribal Nations. Federal lands managed by the US Forest Service, the National Park Service, the Bureau of Land Management, and the US Fish and Wildlife Service amount to about 64% (15.5 million acres [6.27 million ha] or 24,200 square miles [62,700 km2]) of the land within the GYA. The federal lands and their associated wildlife, geologic wonders, and recreational opportunities are considered the GYA’s most valuable economic asset. GYA, and especially the national parks, have long been a place for important scientific discoveries, an inspiration for creativity, and an important national and international stage for fundamental discussions about the interactions of humans and nature (e.g., Keiter and Boyce 1991; Pritchard 1999; Schullery 2004; Quammen 2016). Yellowstone National Park, established in 1872 as the world’s first national park, is the heart of the GYA. Grand Teton National Park, created in 1929 and expanded to its present size in 1950, is located south of Yellowstone National Park1 and is dominated by the rugged Teton Range rising from the valley of Jackson Hole. The Gallatin-Custer, Shoshone, Bridger-Teton, Caribou-Targhee, and Beaverhead-Deerlodge national forests encircle the two national parks and include the highest mountain ranges in the region. The National Elk Refuge, Red Rock Lakes National Wildlife Refuge, and Grays Lake National Wildlife Refuge also lie within GYA.