Dissertations / Theses: '1950-2010'

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Ericsson, Ulrika. "Läsinlärningsmetoder 1950-2010 : Learning to read methods 1950-2010." Thesis, Karlstads universitet, Estetisk-filosofiska fakulteten, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kau:diva-7403.

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Molina, Torres Cristian Alberto. "Valparatango — las orquestas de tango en Valparaíso : 1950-2010." Tesis, Universidad de Chile, 2011. http://repositorio.uchile.cl/handle/2250/101324.

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Esta investigación trata de la conformación de las orquestas de tango en la ciudad de Valparaíso desde comienzos de 1950, años en que se organizan y desarrollan los rabajos de músicos que hoy han podido dar testimonio de su aporte cultural en la ciudad, indagando en su devenir histórico y su relación con el actual panorama cultural de la ciudad. Teniendo como referencia que el tango es considerado desde el año 2009 patrimonio inmaterial de la humanidad, este trabajo contrasta la relación existente entre el pasado tanguero de Valparaíso con las iniciativas gubernamentales que hasta el 2010 buscan potenciar el vínculo tango – ciudad, iniciativas que tratan de incorporar dicho vinculo al discurso sobre patrimonio del cual la ciudad forma parte

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Eriksson, David. "Risk analysis and naval architecture in the period 1950-2010." Thesis, KTH, Teknik- och vetenskapshistoria, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-95465.

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This thesis treats the historical development of the marine industry worldwide and its relation to risk analysis during the 60 year period of 1950 to 2010. The relation between the two is found through analysis of what risks connect the two and drive the development of technology and legislation during different time periods. There is little to no previous research on this particular subject particularly using a risk perspective of complex systems. To do this it became necessary to write a summary of the development of the maritime industry in technological and legislative terms, in modern time, while at the same time revealing clear insights in how this development works. The summary is based on a wide variety of different sources, and therefore gives a reasonably accurate description of the development given the period and scope looked at. Generalizing the development is found to be that risks force legislative changes, and that technological development is sometimes responsible for causing the risks. That said, many technological developments also help reduce overall risk. The major conclusion drawn is that when a risk is acknowledged there is a conscious effort made to minimize or eliminate it, which in turn is a development, a system change of sorts that might have generated new risks. Overall the evolution of the maritime industry has led to a system that is resilient towards risks, yet that still responds to risks actively and often rather efficiently once they become apparent.

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Ndong, Ndong Yannick Martial. "Les écritures africaines de soi : 1950-2010 : du postcolonial au postracial ?" Thesis, Strasbourg, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014STRAC004/document.

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On peut identifier une longue pratique autobiographique en Afrique, si l’on remonte aux Confessions de St Augustin, et l’écriture de soi s'est de surcroît développée dans les langues africaines, aux époques précoloniales puis coloniales. C’est toutefois à l’initiative d’anthropologues et d’éducateurs africanistes que les premières autobiographies africaines (souvent rédigées par des instituteurs ou des élèves) ont été collectées, tandis que parallèlement émergeait une écriture autobiographique dans le roman africain francophone. Avec le combat anticolonial, apparaît une forme nouvelle : l’écriture de mémoires par de grands acteurs politiques africains, qui accentue la dimension réflexive des écritures africaines de soi. A l’ère postcoloniale, l’autobiographie tend à devenir de plus en plus intellectuelle, oscillant entre l’essai autobiographique et l’auto-analyse. A partir d’un corpus majoritairement francophone et anglophone, composé d’auteurs aussi divers que Wole Soyinka, Kwame Anthony Appiah, Joseph Emmanuel Nana Appiah, William E. B. Du Bois, Léopold-Sédar Senghor, Lamine Gueye, Amadou Hampâté Bâ, Valentin Yves Mudimbe, Achille Mbembe, Célestin Monga, Barack Obama, Paulin Hountondji ou Rasna Warah, notre thèse retrace les mutations des écritures africaines de soi, de l’ère coloniale à l’époque postcoloniale, en insistant au passage sur les formes de dialogue qui s’établissent entre ceux-ci et les penseurs africanistes français, pour lesquels l’autobiographie fut bien plus qu’un récit de vie. Dans ces perspectives d’histoire et de sociologie littéraire, nous empruntons à Jérôme Meizoz sa notion de posture pour étudier les positionnements esthétiques, politiques et littéraires des écrivains et penseurs africains dans les champs littéraires africains et occidentaux. Nous mettons également en relief diverses modalités de l’auto-réflexivité en confrontant les écritures africaines de soi avec certaines autobiographies intellectuelles de penseurs et écrivains afro-américains. Cette mise en regard permet une réflexion sur les "postures postcoloniales" de nos auteurs, et débouche sur une nouvelle problématique : la visée postraciale ou le dépassement des projets et des interprétations racialistes de l’histoire et de l’identité qui ont caractérisé nombreuses idéologies africaines comme le panafricanisme et la négritude. En nous appuyant pour finir sur l’idée de « postblackness » désormais en vogue aux États-Unis, nous tâchons de montrer que le postracial reste malgré tout davantage un horizon qu’une réalité des écritures africaines de soi, du milieu du XXe siècle au seuil du XXIe siècle We can identify a long autobiographical practice in Africa, if we go back to the Confessions of St. Augustine, and selfwriting has moreover developed in African languages, in pre-colonial and colonial times. At the initiative of anthropologists and Africanists, the first African autobiographies (often written by teachers or students) were collected, while autobiographical writing simultaneously emerged in the French African novel. With the anti-colonial struggle, memoirs were written by leading African politicians, which emphasized the reflexive dimension of African selfwritings. In the postcolonial era, autobiography tends to become more intellectual, oscillating between autobiographical and self-analytic projects. Through a predominantly french-and english speaking corpus, consisting of authors as diverse as Wole Soyinka, Kwame Anthony Appiah, Joseph Emmanuel Nana Appiah, William E. B. Du Bois, Léopold-Sédar Senghor, Lamine Gueye, Amadou Hampâté Bâ, Valentin Yves Mudimbe, Achille Mbembe, Célestin Monga, Barack Obama, Paulin Hountondji or Rasna Warah, our dissertation traces back the mutations of African selfwriting, from the colonial times to the post-colonial era, emphasizing the dialogues established between African authors and French Africanist thinkers, for whom autobiography was much more than a life story. In these literary historical and sociological perspectives, we borrow from Jerome Meizoz his notion of “posture” to study the esthetical, political and literary positions, of various writers and thinkers in African and Western literary fields. We also highlight how self-reflexivity occurs by confronting African self writings to some intellectual autobiographies produced by African-American thinkers and writers. This comparison allows a reflection on the "postcolonial posture" of our authors, and leads to a new problem : the post-racial project that runs through the racialist interpretations of history and identity that characterized many African ideologies such as Pan-Africanism and negritude. Ultimately relying on the idea of "postblackness" now in vogue in the United States, we strive to show that the postracial remains nevertheless a horizon more than a reality of African writings itself, the mid-twentieth century to the twenty-first century

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Viale, Enrique. "Lärarkåren, professionalisering och diskursiv kamp : En studie av lärarförbundets medlemstidning 1950-2010." Thesis, Stockholms universitet, Sociologiska institutionen, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-90465.

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Lärarkåren är en yrkeskår vars status är omdiskuterad. Yrket är inte professionellt i samma utsträckning som t.ex. läkaryrket, utan är istället att betrakta som semiprofessionell. Yrket har under 1900-talet genomgått en professionaliseringsprocess och har under historien rört sig närmare eller längre ifrån att uppfylla kriterierna för att räknas som en profession. Denna studie utforskar denna professionaliseringsprocess genom att undersöka diskussioner av elevproblem i lärarförbundets medlemstidning under perioden 1950-2010 och det är diskussionernas diskursiva grund som analyseras och detta med fokus på vilka som uttalar sig, hur påståenden legitimeras och med vilken blick problemen betraktas. Uppsatsen diskuterar sedan vad denna diskursiva grund säger om lärarkårens professionaliseringsprocess och yrkets vetenskapliga teori och autonomi. Studiens viktigaste resultat är att perioden 1950-1990 är en tid då påståenden om elevproblem i allt högre grad görs av lärare, legitimeras genom den pedagogiska vetenskapen och betraktas med en relationell blick samt en tid då lärarkårens vetenskapliga teori och autonomi stärks, vilket visar att det sker en professionalisering av läraryrket under denna tid. Studiens resultat visar även att perioden 1990-2010 är en period där förändringstendenserna inte är lika tydlig.

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Buj, Corral Marina. "Partituras gráﬁcas y gráficos musicales circulares en el Arte Contemporáneo (1950-2010)". Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Barcelona, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/365573.

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Las partituras gráficas y gráficos musicales constituyen un ámbito de la creación artística contemporánea situado entre categorías artísticas. Estas formas de escritura de la música proponen la visualización del sonido, dirigiéndose a los sentidos visual y auditivo y favoreciendo los aspectos sinestésicos del arte. La notación gráfica es un fenómeno relacionado con la creatividad que nace del diálogo y la interacción entre elementos visuales y sonoros. El presente trabajo de investigación pretende abordar el fenómeno de la notación gráfica desde las múltiples vertientes que intervienen en su desarrollo, incidiendo en los factores no sólo musicales sino también artísticos, culturales, filosóficos y políticos que dan lugar a su creación, así como en las principales aportaciones de este tipo de notación. Por otra parte, la mayoría de compositores consagrados a la notación gráfica han dedicado obras y series de partituras al círculo. Ya sea empleado como forma abstracta o como grafismo sobre el cual se disponen los signos convencionales de notación musical, el círculo presenta una especial relevancia en la notación gráfica, utilizándose para la representación visual de acontecimientos sonoros. A partir de esta constatación, la presente investigación se plantea como objetivo descubrir qué relación existe entre el grafismo circular y su traducción sonora en las principales partituras gráficas y gráficos musicales circulares realizados entre los años 1950 y 2010. Los resultados que se obtienen confirman que, pese a responder a conceptos musicales y artísticos muy diversos, existen elementos comunes en la interpretación musical de las partituras circulares realizadas durante el mencionado período de tiempo, conceptos que se repiten proyectados en lo gráfico y lo sonoro. En gran parte de las obras analizadas, la notación circular cumple un propósito estructural, enfatizando visualmente la forma cíclica de las piezas musicales, sus ostinatos y elementos repetitivos, así como la noción de tiempo indefinido. Asimismo, el círculo se convierte en símbolo de concepciones temporales no-lineales presentes en gran parte de la música de la segunda mitad del siglo XX. Dichas concepciones temporales se expresan metafóricamente a través de términos como “tiempo suspendido”, “tiempo interior”, “tiempo propio”, “tiempo de naturaleza cualitativa”, “tiempo atemporal”, “tiempo eterno”, “tiempo vertical”, etc. Las concepciones temporales no-lineales, expresadas simbólicamente por el círculo, favorecen la convergencia de tiempo y espacio. A través del grafismo circular se muestra el aspecto espacial y no sólo temporal de la música. Se comprueba también que, estando la notación gráfica estrechamente relacionada con el concepto de “obra abierta”, el círculo - forma paradójicamente limitada e infinita - ayuda a resolver la dialéctica que se crea en las obras abiertas entre aspectos determinados e indeterminados. El círculo actúa como mediador entre los elementos que el compositor define y aquellos que son dejados a elección del intérprete en cada una de las realizaciones. La notación circular posibilita - cuando el compositor no hace explícito - la elección por parte del intérprete del punto de comienzo de la lectura, así como del sentido de la misma, horario o antihorario. En muchos casos, éste puede decidir también la duración de la obra, que dependerá del número de giros realizados. En el caso de partituras escritas sobre discos o estructuras giratorias, la rotación de la partitura permite cambiar la posición y la lectura de los diferentes parámetros que aparecen en ella. Se concluye, además, que la notación circular presenta una mayor relación con las cualidades circulares del sonido y de la música, y puede ser entendida como una manifestación más de la “circularidad” de la música realizada durante el período temporal citado, puesta de manifiesto en aspectos tales como la estructura circular de un gran número de composiciones musicales, en la puesta en escena de las mismas, en la construcción de auditorios esféricos, etc. Finalmente, se constata que, en la notación circular, la estructura concéntrica es una de las empleadas con mayor frecuencia por los compositores para organizar el material gráfico y sonoro. En las partituras que emplean este patrón gráfico se establecen diferentes asociaciones entre los círculos concéntricos y su realización sonora. Forma parte de la bibliografía consultada más de un centenar de partituras gráficas y gráficos musicales circulares realizados entre los años 1950 y 2010. Una parte importante de la información sobre las obras estudiadas ha sido obtenida a través de la comunicación personal con los propios autores de las obras. Entre los múltiples documentos consultados para la realización de esta investigación destaca también la obra “Notations”, compendio de partituras musicales del siglo XX llevado a cabo por John Cage y Alison Knowles en 1969, así como “Notations 21”, antología de partituras gráficas llevada a cabo en el año 2009 por Theresa Sauer. Graphic scores and musical graphics constitute a field of contemporary art located between artistic categories. These forms of musical notation make sound visible. They are directed to the visual and auditory senses and favor synaesthetic art aspects. Graphic notation is a phenomenon related to the creativity that comes from dialogue and interaction between visual and sound elements. This research approaches graphic notation from the multiple aspects which are involved in its development, focusing on factors not only musical but also artistic, cultural, philosophical and political that are important in its creation. It is focused as well on the main contributions of this type of notation. Furthermore, composers devoted to graphic notation have dedicated works and series of scores to the circle. Used as an abstract shape or with conventional signs arranged in a circular way, the circle presents special relevance in graphic notation and it is employed for the visual representation of sound events. From this realization, this research wants to find out which is the relationship that exists between the circular graphical shape and its sound translation in the main graphic scores and musical graphics made between the years 1950 and 2010. The results obtained confirm that, despite responding to diverse musical and artistic concepts, there are common elements in the musical interpretation of circular scores created during the mentioned period of time. On the one hand, in most of the works that have been analysed, circular notation serves a structural purpose, visually emphasising the cyclic form of musical pieces, its ostinatos and repetitive elements, as well as the notion of indefinite time. Circular notation often shows the musical structure of the work. On the other hand, the circle becomes symbol of non-linear temporal concepts present in much of the music of the second half of the 20th century. These temporary conceptions are metaphorically expressed through terms such as "suspended time", "inner time", "own time", "time of qualitative nature", "timeless time", "time everlasting", "vertical time", etc. Non-linear temporal conceptions, symbolically expressed by the circle, favor the convergence of time and space. Circular notation shows the spatial aspect of music. It also proves that, if graphic notation is closely related to the concept of "open work", the circle – paradoxically limited and infinite - helps to resolve the dialectic that is created in open works between determinate and indeterminate aspects of the work. The circle acts as a mediator between the elements that are defined by the composer and those who are left at the choice of the performer in each one of the realizations. Circular notation makes also possible - when the composer does not make it explicit - the choice of the starting point of reading, as well as the sense of it, clockwise or counterclockwise. In many cases, it allows also to decide the duration of the work, which will depend on the number of turns that are made. For scores written on disks or rotating structures, the rotation of the score lets the performer change the position and the reading of the different parameters that appear in it. Moreover, circular notation presents a greater relationship with the circular qualities of sound and music, and can be seen as a manifestation of the presence of “circularity” in music during the time period cited. These presence is shown in aspects such as the circular structure of a large number of musical compositions , in the construction of spherical auditoriums, etc. Finally, in circular notation, concentric structure is one of most frecuently used by composers to organize sound and graphic material. In the scores that employ this structure, it is possible to find different associations between the concentric circles and its sound realization. More than a hundred circular graphic scores and musical graphics made between 1950 and 2010 are part of the litterature consulted. An important part of the information about these pieces has been obtained through personal communication with the authors of these works. Among the multiple documents consulted for this research we can also mention the volume “Notations”, a compendium of sheet music of the 20th century conducted by John Cage and Alison Knowles in 1969, as well as “Notations 21”, an anthology of graphic scores carried out in 2009 by Theresa Sauer.

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Dunst, Alexander. "Politics of madness : crisis as psychosis in the United States, 1950-2010." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2010. http://etheses.nottingham.ac.uk/1545/.

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This thesis aims to understand the frequent use of metaphors of madness, in particular paranoia and schizophrenia, in American culture and thought from the Cold War to the war on terror across a variety of discourses, from historiography to critical theory, from literature to film. Unlike existing analyses that focus on paranoia to the exclusion of schizophrenia, this study for the first time considers the historical evolution of a popular psychopathology as part of a wider struggle over the understanding of political agency and subjectivity. Part one establishes dominant conceptions of paranoia and schizophrenia in reading two representative thinkers of post-war America. The first chapter examines the historiography of Richard Hofstadter and his diagnosis of a paranoid style as a deliberate pathologisation of dissent and the failure of liberal hegemony. Next, I consider Fredric Jamesons theory of postmodernism as the culmination of a widespread tropology of madness in cultural criticism and contend that Jamesons thought revolves around the perceived absence of a revolutionary class, and the paradoxical attempt to think radical politics after the loss of such collective agency. Part two analyses the development of popular metaphors of madness from the counterculture to the present day. First, I focus on science-fiction author Philip K. Dick as arguably the most important writer of psychosis of the 1960s and 1970s. A lifelong dialogue with psychiatry, Dicks work allows unparalleled insight into cultural uses of psychopathology. Chapter four intervenes in debates around conspiracy theories by re-reading Americas culture of paranoia, from 1970s conspiracy films to Don DeLillos Libra and Underworld. My critique of conspiracy studies continued pathologisation of dissent leads to a rethinking of paranoia based on Lacans late writings on psychosis: not as paranoia outside reason, but the paranoia of reason. The final chapter turns to the recent work of Jameson and DeLillo to assess the afterlife of popular psychopathology after its integration into US culture and assesses the use of metaphors of madness in thinking the attacks of 9/11 and its consequences. While Jamesons concern with schizophrenic postmodernism has been dialectically transformed into a consideration of collective subjectivity, I read DeLillos novels Cosmopolis, Falling Man, and Point Omega as testament to a final exhaustion of political alterity in his work and a consequent renewal of psychopathological characterisations of contemporary America.

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Clough, Roger. "Retail change : a consideration of the UK food retail industry, 1950-2010." Thesis, Middlesex University, 2002. http://eprints.mdx.ac.uk/8105/.

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The immense changes to have taken place in UK food retailing during the second half of the 20th century are detailed, explained and analysed, with constant reference to theories of retail change. The result is not just a history of UK food retail change post-1950, but a comprehensive evaluation and extension of retail change theory, with new driving forces and ideas elaborated, and a forecast of likely key developments to 2010. The thesis is based largely on the testimonies of key industry actors of the period, including past and present executives of leading food retail organisations, and followed an un-structured interview approach, allowing stories to be told without unnecessary constraint. The development of the industry is detailed and explained, drawing heavily on these testimonies, and this change is explained with reference to major factors with a direct hearing on the industry, such as government policy and socio-economic change. Because of the emphasis on witness accounts, the theories of retail change are analysed with a heavy focus on the people driving change, a refreshing change in a field where the historical nature of the subject tends to drive research towards secondary sources of data. The thesis contributes a better understanding of the forces driving the theories of retail change, and proposes an extension to the domain of application. The relevant elements of the theories of retail change are implemented to forecast likely developments in the UK food retail industry to 2010, which is complemented by an 'expert' Delphi forecast and a projection of current socio-economic trends.

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Fernández, Rubio Jorge Eliécer. "Cambio en la estructura organizacional de los partidos políticos, Bogotá, Colombia (1950-2010)." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Barcelona, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/667924.

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La teoría de la interdependencia integra perspectivas multi-dimensionales, multi-causales y complejas a los métodos de estudio de las organizaciones de los partidos políticos. Propicia su estudio como unidades aisladas dentro de su ambiente. Pese a su crítica contra los métodos de investigación del sistema racional y del sistema natural, este proyecto de investigación es complementario de aquellos enfoques que asumen perspectivas de comprensión macro de las organizaciones de los partidos. Los métodos interdependientes permiten relacionar múltiples conceptos con fines de integración explicativa. Por ejemplo relacionan el “Análisis de las Tres Caras de los Partidos Políticos” (partido en el gobierno, partido en la oficina y partido entre actores sociales) y los Tipos Ideales de las organizaciones internas de los Partidos, TIPs (“Partido Burocrático de Masas”, “Partido Profesional Electoral” y “Partido Cartel”) para comprender la estabilidad y cambios de las Coaliciones Políticas Dominantes, CPD; la Institucionalización de las Estructuras Organizacionales Internas, IEO y los Tipos Ideales de Legitimación de las Zonas de Incertidumbre ZI como el conjunto de factores interdependientes que determinan los cambios de las estructuras de Partidos Políticos. Como resultado de la aplicación de estos conceptos al análisis histórico comparado de las dos organizaciones internas del partido liberal y conservador, Bogotá, 1950-2010, hoy se puede comprender mejor los sistemas de autoridad y las formas organizacionales en entornos locales como producto de un orden negociado en el que participan múltiples actores interesados.

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Houghton, Frances Eileen. "'Remembering with advantages' : British military memoirs of the Second World War, 1950-2010." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/25793.

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Since the end of the Second World War, numerous British veterans of that conflict have made the decision to publish a memoir of their military experiences on the front-line. This thesis investigates the contribution of these sources to the historical record of warfare between 1939 and 1945. Contending that these documents reveal something unique and important about the ways in which former combatants participated in and interpreted battle, the thesis focuses on two core research questions. First, it explores what these narratives reveal about the experience and representation of combat, examining the interplay of the authors with the natural environments in which they operated, the machines with which they fought, the enemy they tried to kill, and the comrades with whom they served. Second, it inquires into the intention and function of these texts, assessing why and how they were created. In order to address these questions, this thesis draws on a wide pool of veteran memoirs, written by former front-line personnel from the RAF, Royal Navy and Army, and published since 1950. It also draws, where appropriate, on unpublished sources such as those to be found in the Archive of British Publishing and Printing at the University of Reading. Through these lines of inquiry, the thesis identifies the ways in which veterans lived, remembered, understood, and communicated their experiences of combat during the Second World War, and argues for the merit of the military memoir as a historical source.

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Noesser, Cécile. "La résistible ascension du cinéma d’animation : Socio-genèse d’un cinéma-bis (1950-2010)." Thesis, Paris 3, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA030043.

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Notre thèse décrit la trajectoire esthétique, économique et sociale du cinéma d’animation français. Cette sociogenèse couvre la période où il se constitue comme champ artistique, aboutissant enfin à une reconnaissance tardive, encore très peu renseignée. La première partie s’attache donc à l’archéologie de son évolution, depuis la première autonomisation de l’après guerre à la mise en place d’une politique publique qui modifie radicalement le paysage de l’animation au début des années 1980. Dans un contexte d'autonomisation contrariée du champ de l'animation, nous examinons ensuite les rôles respectifs du Centre National de la Cinématographie (CNC), des producteurs et des chaînes de télévision, et les nouvelles règles du jeu qu’ils introduisent. Nous interrogeons enfin l’impact de tous ces acteurs, qui jugent et produisent de la qualité cinématographique, sur le destin des artistes et leurs productions Our thesis describes the aesthetic, economic and social path of the french animation movies.This socio-genesis focuses on the moment when it becomes an artistic field, reaching at theend a late recognition, which is still poorly informed. The first part makes the archeology ofits evolution, from the first independence conquest after war, to the setting out of a publicpolicy, which makes a heavy change on the animation landscape at the early 1980’s. In this context of impeded empowerment of the animation field, we will examine then the respective roles of the National Cinematography Center, the producers and the television channels, andthe new rules they introduce. We will finally highlight the impact of these operators, who judge and produce cinematographic quality, on the destiny of the artists ant their movies

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Ntaflou, Christina. "Les musées d'art en Grèce : une histoire contemporaine des pinacothèques publiques (1950-2010)." Paris 1, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA010512.

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Le présent travail de recherche se propose de rendre compte de l'histoire et de la situation actuelle des musées d'art en Grèce. Le musée en tant qu'institution moderne s'inscrit dans des enjeux liés non seulement à l'art mais également à la politique et à l'histoire. En Grèce, les études qui se sont attaché à mettre en évidence les liens entre musées, culture, histoire, politique et identité nationale ont porté essentiellement sur les musées archéologiques. Ce qui est entrepris ici est une tentative d'histoire culturelle des musées d'art dans la Grèce contemporaine, Ces musées ont connu un développement important après J 950, aussi une vision macroscopique permet-elle de mettre en évidence les moments majeurs de leur transformation institutionnelle. Cependant, les origines du développement récent des musées d'art ainsi que ses fondements idéologiques sont à chercher dans des époques antérieures. Le rôle de l'État à la fois responsable, promoteur et gestionnaire du patrimoine est un élément central de l'étude. Mais sont également restituées les initiatives cruciales des individus et des collectivités qui se sont attachés à la création et développement des pinacothèques grecques. Enfin, l'étude des musées d'art en Grèce conduit à évoquer l'émergence dans ce pays d'un monde de l'art contemporain. Cette thèse restitue une histoire des pinacothèques, c'est-à-dire des musées d'art, et explore les idées, histoires et réalités de la Grèce contemporaine.

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Möller, Eberhard [Verfasser]. "Die Konstruktion in der Architekturtheorie. Positionen und Entwicklungen von 1950 bis 2010 / Eberhard Möller." München : Verlag Dr. Hut, 2011. http://d-nb.info/1016531362/34.

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Aydemir, Melis. "L'Europe, l'énergie et la libéralisation : genèse et intitutionnalisation d'une politique énergétique européenne (1950-2010)." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017STRAG014.

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Depuis le début de la construction européenne, définir une politique énergétique européenne était un défi important. Malgré les Etats membres qui voulaient préserver l’autonomie de leur secteur énergétique, une vague de restructurations s’est mise en place dans le secteur européen de l’électricité et du gaz par la libéralisation du secteur. Dans ce cadre, le troisième paquet énergie avec la disposition de la séparation de la propriété qui envisageait de démanteler les grandes entreprises énergétiques, a suscité une grande polémique. En relation avec ce débat intensif, la genèse et l’institutionnalisation de la politique énergétique au niveau européen à partir de 1950 jusqu’à 2010 ont été étudiées. Le rôle des idées néolibérales, les pratiques quotidiennes des acteurs (les groupes d’intérêt, les fonctionnaires des institutions européennes, les parlementaires européens..), leurs rapports de force, les luttes de pouvoir dans l’établissement de cette politique ont été analysés From the beginning of the European integration, defining a European energy policy was an important challenge. Despite the Member States who intended to preserve the autonomy of their energy sector, a wave of restructuring has taken place in the European electricity and gas sector through the liberalization. In this context, the third energy package with the unbundling issue which envisaged dismantling the big energy companies, caused great deal of controversy and polemics. In connection with this intensive debate, the genesis and institutionalization of the European energy policy from 1950 to 2010 have been studied. The role of neoliberal ideas, stakeholders’ daily practices (interest groups, officials of the European institutions, MEPs...), their power relations, political struggles in the establishment of this policy were analyzed

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Hyun, Yung Hoon. "Redemptive-historical hermeneutics and homiletics in reformed Presbyterian churches in Korea from 1950-2010." Thesis, University of Wales Trinity Saint David, 2012. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.683032.

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Holdaway, Dom. "A return to cinema d'impegno? : cinematic engagements with organized crime in Italy, 1950-2010." Thesis, University of Warwick, 2013. http://wrap.warwick.ac.uk/57495/.

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This thesis seeks to interrogate the mutual relationship between representations of organized crime and commitment in Italian film (cinema d’impegno). Since the Second World War, images of bandits, mafiosi and criminal rackets have been central to some of the most important political films released, including In nome della legge (Pietro Germi, 1949), Salvatore Giuliano (Francesco Rosi, 1961) and A ciascuno il suo (Elio Petri, 1967). The ‘mafia film’ in Italy thus has a rich heritage of powerfully engaged cinema that remains a far cry from its glamourized international counterpart. Yet this ‘filone’, like cinema d’impegno widely, has suffered from the endemic political apathy that accompanied advance of postmodernity. Drawing on recent scholarship on postmodern impegno, as well as on some of the most important contemporary mafia films that have led critics to announce a ‘return’ to this heritage of engaged cinema, this thesis will interrogate the image of organized crime today and its problematic mimicry of this past. It will employ a historically comparative approach, beginning with an analysis of the important waves of committed cinema in the post-War years. It then turns to the social role of the cinema since the 1990s, when, despite the disintegration of political ‘grand narratives’, the constant renewal of the trauma of organized crime has continued to produce boldly political cinematic denunciations. A secondary aim of the thesis is to bring into question the very notion of impegno. As the discourses that are analysed in the first half show, the Marxist core of many of the political mafia films has led to a narrow understanding of the organized crime imagery. Building on Marxist theorists, from Lukács to Jameson, and extending a better critical appreciation of the spectator, this discussion seeks to bring into focus the importance of genre cinema in the dialectical creation of a political mafia image.

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Barbero, Renaud. "Variabilité pluviométrique en Nouvelle-Calédonie et températures de surface océanique dans le Pacifique tropical (1950-2010) : impacts sur les incendies (2000-2010)." Phd thesis, Université de Provence - Aix-Marseille I, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00715528.

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Cette thèse analyse (i) la variabilité pluviométrique contemporaine en Nouvelle-Calédonie et ses téléconnexions avec les températures de surface océanique (TSO) du Pacifique tropical et (ii) l'impact des anomalies atmosphériques sur l'activité des incendies estimés par satellites. La Nouvelle-Calédonie figure aujourd'hui parmi les 34 " points chauds " de la biodiversité à l'échelle planétaire. A ce titre, l'un de nos objectifs est de construire un modèle permettant de prévoir l'intensité de la saison des feux entre septembre et décembre, qui correspond au maximum annuel. Le croisement de trois bases de données de feux détectés par satellites (MODIS, ATSR et LANDSAT) avec le réseau des stations météorologiques de Météo-France a montré qu'aucune anomalie thermique significative n'est détectée avant un feu, tandis que de forts déficits pluviométriques par rapport à la normale sont enregistrés jusqu'à trois mois avant le départ des feux. Ces déficits pluviométriques sont partiellement liés aux phases chaudes du phénomène El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO) et plus particulièrement à celles durant lesquelles les anomalies thermiques se situent à proximité de la ligne de changement de date équatoriale lors du printemps austral. Ces anomalies renforcent la circulation moyenne de Hadley (via le dégagement de chaleur latente dans la moyenne et haute troposphère) et la subsidence au niveau des latitudes néo-calédoniennes, tandis que les épisodes les plus intenses du siècle dernier (i.e. 1982-83 et 1997-98) dont les anomalies thermiques les plus importantes sont localisées dans le Pacifique oriental, sont associés à des conditions pluviométriques proches de la normale dans le Pacifique sud-ouest (SW). La téléconnexion entre les TSO du Pacifique central et les précipitations du Pacifique SW s'affaiblit à partir du mois de décembre au moment où l'ENSO atteint, paradoxalement, son intensité maximale. Cette modulation saisonnière est le produit d'une interaction entre (i) le cycle saisonnier des TSO brutes dans le Pacifique central, (ii) le cycle de vie des anomalies thermiques des épisodes chauds et (iii) l'intensité du gradient zonal des TSO le long de l'équateur. Par ailleurs, la convection profonde semble particulièrement sensible à la propagation vers l'est des anomalies de TSO faibles-à-modérées au niveau de la ligne de changement de date équatoriale (soit légèrement à l'ouest de la boîte Niño 3.4), modifiant significativement la position et l'intensité de la courroie de transmission des téléconnexions. Une analyse en ondelettes montre que les pluies néo-calédoniennes sont également sensibles à des modes de variations plus lents (> 8 ans) du Pacifique central entre septembre et novembre. La synchronisation entre la saisonnalité des feux et la prévisibilité saisonnière liée à l'ENSO permet d'estimer la surface brûlée totale en septembre-décembre à partir des états thermiques de l'océan Pacifique en juin-août, dont la polarité est clairement établie plusieurs mois à l'avance. La corrélation entre l'observation et la simulation du logarithme du total des surfaces brûlées en Nouvelle-Calédonie est de 0.87 sur la période 2000-2010 selon un modèle linéaire en validation croisée.

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Klaar, Matilda. "Ann-Louise har en jättegullig crosscykel : En analys av Kamratpostens genusdiskurs mellan 1950 och 2010." Thesis, Södertörns högskola, Institutionen för kommunikation, medier och it, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:sh:diva-5885.

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The aim of this study was to describe how girls and boys have been represented in the Swedish children’s’ magazine Kamratposten from 1950 until 2010. Kamratposten was chosen because it has both boys and girls as target audience. Three articles about children from the years 1950, 1960, 1970, 1980, 1990, 2000 and 2010 were chosen as material of the study. The study is a discourse analysis that deconstruct the gender discourse of Kamratposten. The analysis is done with a gender perspective. By comparing the articles of the selected years the change of the gender discourse is described. The conclusion of the study is that the dichotomy between girls and boys has decreased, but that the male gender still is portrayed as the norm.

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Zhang, Naiyong. "Les femmes artistes d'origine miao, mongole et ouïgoure dans le champ artistique chinois 1950-2010." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019USPCA042.

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Cette thèse est consacrée à l’évolution de la place des femmes artistes d’origine miao, mongole et ouïgoure dans le champ artistique chinois 1950-2010. Son axe central consiste à montrer comment les mutations sociales ont modifié la place des femmes, et, plus précisément, comment leur place a été redéfinie dans un discours identitaire. Si dans les années 1950-1980, les œuvres portant sur l’idéologie collectiviste et la représentation de « la femme d’acier » occupaient une place primordiale, dans les années 1981-2000, les femmes artistes décrivent la situation réelle des femmes et mettent l’accent sur la question de l’identité des femmes modernes et sur des relations entre les femmes et les hommes. Elles cherchent à maîtriser des formes d’expression artistique ethnique plus variées et plus légitimes. Depuis 2001, afin de préserver les cultures ethniques face à la mondialisation, les femmes artistes essaient d’interpréter la profondeur de la culture ethnique dans leurs œuvres. C’est vers les traditions, telles que la mémoire historique, les mythologies, les chansons et les danses, que se tournent les artistes femmes issues des ethnies minoritaires à la recherche de racines culturelles. Cette recherche s’appuie à la fois sur l’analyse de la situation socio-culturelle des femmes artistes issues des ethnies minoritaires, l’analyse de la construction de l’identité féminine et l’analyse des particularités de l’expression des femmes artistes eu égard à leur appartenance ethnique This thesis is devoted to studying the evolution of the place of female artists with Miao, Mongolian and Uygur origins in the Chinese artistic field 1950-2010. The central theme is to demonstrate how social changes have changed the place of women, and more specifically, how the place of women has been redefined in an identity discourse. If in the years 1960-1980, the art works dealing with the collectivist ideology and the representation of the ‘iron woman’ occupied a primordial place, in the years 1981-2000, the female artists describe the real situation of the women and put the focus on the question of the identity of modern women and the relations between women and men. They seek to master the different forms of ethnic artistic expression. Since 2001, in order to preserve ethnic cultures facing the globalization, the female artists are trying to interpret the depth of ethnic culture in their art works. It is towards traditions, such as historical memory, mythologies, songs and dances, that the female artists with ethnic minority origins are looking for their cultural roots. This research is based at the same time on the analysis of the socio-cultural situation of female artists with minority origins, the analysis of the construction of the feminine identity and the analysis of the particularities of the expression of female artists because of their ethnicity

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Alhargan, Haya Saleh. "Anglo-Saudi cultural relations : challenges and opportunities in the context of bilateral ties, 1950-2010." Thesis, King's College London (University of London), 2015. http://kclpure.kcl.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/anglosaudi-cultural-relations(d5846215-2066-4c9c-ae3b-278fb7a628f7).html.

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This study investigates Anglo-Saudi cultural relations from 1950 to 2010, with the aim of greater understanding the nature of those relations, analysing the factors affecting them and examining their role in enhancing cultural relations between the two countries. Furthermore, the thesis is grounded within the area of public diplomacy, using cultural exchange as a means of developing ties between the UK and Saudi Arabia, and evaluating the power of Saudi-British cultural diplomacy to improve bilateral relations. This thesis has been undertaken using an analysis methodology in order to examine the factors and events effecting Anglo-Saudi cultural relations by providing a study of political, economic, security and educational factors and their impact on such relations. It questions how and why certain events occurred, how these impacted on cultural ties, and then examines the ensuing consequences. The research is made up of seven chapters. The first chapter provides an explanation of the conceptual and theoretical development of culture, cultural relations and cultural diplomacy. In the second chapter the thesis deals with the historical background of Anglo-Saudi relations and its current development, and then examines the factors that have impacted on Saudi-British bilateral relations, specifically the Buraimi and the Suez crises during the 1950s and 1960s in chapter 3, booming oil prices in the 1970s in chapter 4, the higher education links between Saudi Arabia and Britain during the 1980s and 1990s in chapter 5, the relationship in the light of the events of 11 September 2001 in chapter 6, and finally the growth of educational co-operation and the role of the British Council in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA) and the Saudi Cultural Bureau in London in chapter 7. In its examination of cultural, political and educational factors, the study has drawn on primary data from various archives in both Britain and Saudi Arabia, in addition to reports from the British Council, the Saudi Embassy, the Cultural Bureau in London and other secondary sources.

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Windle, Amanda. "Territorial violence and design, 1950-2010 : a human-computer study of personal space and chatbot interaction." Thesis, University of the Arts London, 2011. http://ualresearchonline.arts.ac.uk/2785/.

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Personal space is a human’s imaginary system of precaution and an important concept for exploring territoriality, but between humans and technology because machinic agencies transfer, relocate, enact and reenact territorially. Literatures of territoriality, violence and affect are uniquely brought together, with chatbots as the research object to argue that their ongoing development as artificial agents, and the ambiguity of violence they can engender, have broader ramifications for a socio-technical research programme. These literatures help to understand the interrelation of virtual and actual spatiality relevant to research involving chatrooms and internet forums, automated systems and processes, as well as human and machine agencies; because all of these spaces, methods and agencies involve the personal sphere. The thesis is an ethical tale of cruel techno-science that is performed through conceptualisations from the creative arts, constituting a PhD by practice. This thesis chronicles four chatbots, taking into account interventions made in fine art, design, fiction and film that are omitted from a history of agent technology. The thesis re-interprets Edward Hall’s work on proxemics, personal space and territoriality, using techniques of the bricoleur and rudiments (an undeveloped and speculative method of practice), to understand chatbot techniques such as the pick-up, their entrapment logics, their repetitions of hateful speech, their nonsense talk (including how they disorientate spatial metaphors), as well as how developers switch on and off their learning functionality. Semi-structured interviews and online forum postings with chatbot developers were used to expand and reflect on the rudimentary method. To urge that this project is timely is itself a statement of anxiety. Chatbots can manipulate, exceed, and exhaust a human understanding of both space and time. Violence between humans and machines in online and offline spaces is explored as an interweaving of agency and spatiality. A series of rudiments were used to probe empirical experiments such as the Prisoner’s Dilemma (Tucker, 1950). The spatial metaphors of confinement as a parable of entrapment, are revealed within that logic and that of chatbots. The ‘Obedience to Authority’ experiments (Milgram, 1961) were used to reflect on the roles played by machines which are then reflected into a discussion of chatbots and the experiments done in and around them. The agency of the experimenter was revealed in the machine as evidenced with chatbots which has ethical ramifications. The argument of personal space is widened to include the ways machinic territoriality and its violence impacts on our ways of living together both in the private spheres of our computers and homes, as well as in state-regulated conditions (Directive-3, 2003). The misanthropic aspects of chatbot design are reflected through the methodology of designing out of fear. I argue that personal spaces create misanthropic design imperatives, methods and ways of living. Furthermore, the technological agencies of personal spaces have a confining impact on the transient spaces of the non-places in a wider discussion of the lift, chatroom and car. The violent origins of the chatbot are linked to various imaginings of impending disaster through visualisations, supported by case studies in fiction to look at the resonance of how anxiety transformed into terror when considering the affects of violence.

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GUEDES, NETO João Victor. "Institutions, industrialization and innovation: the three is of Argentina, Brazil and Mexico from 1950 to 2010. 2015." Universidade Federal de Alfenas, 2015. https://bdtd.unifal-mg.edu.br:8443/handle/tede/739.

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Resource scarcity obliges humanity to face the problem of identifying efficient ways of distributing them. One way of reducing this problem lies on the possibility of increasing the amount of available goods. Robert Solow's growth theory describes the composition of an economy's output as the sum of units of labor, capital stock and a residual variation called technical change. This residual, the total factors productivity (TFP), is explainable by a series of variables: institutional change, available technology, government policies, etc. This research aimed at finding out the role of institutions in the process of innovation and industrialization in selected emerging countries from 1950 to 2010. Due to its similar historical backgrounds and geographic location, Argentina, Brazil and Mexico were chosen. The last six decades (encompassing the import-substitution industrialization era, the Oil Crisis and the post-Washington Consensus liberalization) were analyzed as a manner of comparing how economic agents reacted to the events of each period. The Triple Helix approach, which takes into consideration the evolutionary relations between governments, firms and universities, was used to map history facts that were compared to the calculated TFP of the given countries. It was demonstrated that the stability of economic and political institutions is a key element for motivating entrepreneurs to innovate. Furthermore, it was noticed a clear difference between the outcomes generated by the different models of economic policy adopted in each period. State intervention was helpful to promote industrial growth but in many occasions its protectionism could not offer enough incentives to motivate entrepreneurial innovation. Many industries faded into State protection and didn't gain enough competitiveness in the global economy. Opening the economy, on the other side, led to the bankruptcy or shrinkage of several firms that were not able to adapt themselves to the international competition but, at the same time, it boosted innovative efforts and, thus, the competitiveness of high technology sectors from emerging economies. Finally, it was noticed that, although many policies were enacted in this direction, the interaction between firms and universities in these countries is still very incipient. A escassez de recursos obriga a humanidade a enfrentar o problema de identificar formas eficientes para distribuí-los. Uma das formas de reduzir este problema é a possibilidade de aumentar a quantidade de bens disponíveis. A teoria do crescimento de Robert Solow descreve a composição do produto de uma economia como a soma das unidades de trabalho, estoque de capital e uma variação residual chamada mudança técnica. Este resíduo, a produtividade total dos fatores (PTF), é explicável por uma série de variáveis: mudança institucional, tecnologia disponível, políticas governamentais, etc. Esta pesquisa se dedicou a descobrir o papel das instituições no processo de inovação e industrialização em países emergentes selecionados entre 1950 e 2010. Devido às suas similaridades históricas e posicionamento geográfico, Argentina, Brasil e México foram escolhidos. As últimas seis décadas (dividas entre a era da industrialização pela substituição de importações, a Crise do Petróleo e a liberalização pós-Consenso de Washington) foram analisadas de forma a comparar como os agentes econômicos reagiram aos eventos de cada um destes períodos. A abordagem da Hélice Tripla, que leva em consideração as relações evolucionárias entre governos, firmas e universidades, foi usada para mapear fatos históricos que foram comparados com a PTF calculada dos países selecionados. Foi demonstrado que a estabilidade das instituições econômicas e políticas é um elemento chave para motivar empreendedores a inovar. Além disso, percebeu-se uma clara diferenciação entre os resultados gerados pelos modelos de política econômica adotados em cada período. A intervenção estatal foi benéfica para promover o crescimento industrial mas em diversas ocasiões seu protecionismo não ofereceu incentivos suficientes para motivar a inovação empreendedora. Muitas indústrias se perderam em meio a proteção estatal e não obtiveram competitividade suficiente na economia global. A abertura econômica, por outro lado, gerou a falência ou redução de uma série de empresas que não conseguiram se adequar à competição internacional mas, ao mesmo tempo, aumentou os esforços inovadores e, assim, a competitividade de setores de alta tecnologia das economias emergentes. Finalmente, foi notado que, mesmo que diversas políticas tenham sido criadas nesta direção, a interação entre firmas e universidades nestes países permanece muito incipiente.

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Skrentny, Barnabas A. R. "Historical and theological reflection on the concept of church within the British New Church Movement, 1950-2010." Thesis, Oxford Centre for Mission Studies, 2012. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.732938.

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Girault, Bénédicte. "Mémoires d’un ministère : Une analyse secondaire de l’enquête orale du Service d’histoire de l’éducation (c.1950-c.2010)." Thesis, Cergy-Pontoise, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018CERG0942.

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De 1991 à 2014, le Service d’Histoire de l’Éducation a mené une enquête orale sur le ministère de l’Éducation nationale depuis la Libération. La perspective était double : cerner le processus de décision du ministère et patrimonialiser la mémoire des cadres de l’institution. De cette entreprise résultent 283 entretiens qui représentent plus de 1100 heures d’enregistrement. À partir de ce corpus, cette thèse explore l’hypothèse que les biais régulièrement décriés des archives orales peuvent devenir une féconde ressource pour les historiens. L’objet central de ce travail est donc la source elle-même, dont la déconstruction doit permettre de comprendre une forme de production mémorielle qui se présente comme au service de l’histoire et des historiens. Faire l’histoire de cette enquête revient d’abord à retracer celle d’un moment historiographique dans les années 1990, à partir de l’analyse critique du projet et des pratiques des enquêteurs. Le dispositif de l’enquête assigne les acteurs à une certaine fonction au sein de l’institution, à partir de laquelle est co-construite une histoire de l’Éducation nationale « d’en haut ». La question est alors de saisir comment, ministère après ministère, s’articulent expériences subjectives et histoire(s) collective(s), entre le temps de l'événement et le moment du témoignage, dans une dialectique continue avec l'histoire de l'éducation en train de s'écrire. Enfin, à l’instar des autres ministères, la période couverte par l’enquête est celle de la conquête de l’État par les administrateurs de profession issus de l’ENA. À l’Éducation nationale, les universitaires et les acteurs venus du terrain sont contraints de céder le pas. En identifiant ces mémoires concurrentielles et leurs dynamiques à partir des discours, des régimes de justification et des ordres de grandeur qui les singularisent, cette thèse entend finalement participer à l’analyse des écologies des professions dans le cadre d’un ministère From 1991 to 2014, the French Service d’Histoire de l’Education conducted a large oral investigation into the activities of the Ministère de l’Education Nationale since the end of WWII. Its purpose was twofold: identifying the decision-making processes of the ministry’s officials, and creating an archive from the testimonies of the institution’s executives. From this endeavour came 283 interviews that make up more than 1100 hours of recordings. This doctoral thesis draws on this corpus to explore the hypothesis that the biases commonly attributed to oral archives can turn out to be fertile ground for historians. The recordings themselves therefore form the main object of this work: by deconstructing them, it should be possible to understand how this type of memory-based production may contribute to the writing of history, and be of use to historians. Tracing back the history of this survey first involves delving into the historiographical agenda of the 1990s through the critical analysis of the project and of the interviewers’ practices. The survey was thought out in such a way that its participants were assigned to a specific function in the institution, forming the basis for a top-down, yet collective writing of the Education Nationale’s history. The question is then to grasp how, one ministry after another, personal experiences and shared memory/ies come together between the time of the events and the time when people testified, contributing to a wider dialectic of the history of education as it was being written. Finally, like in the other ministries, the period the survey spans coincides with the domination of the State by professional administrators out of the National School of Administration (ENA), forcing the academics and the professionals within the Education Nationale to step down. By pinpointing these competing recollections and their dynamics through the study of the discourse, the means of justification, and the orders of worth that set them apart, this thesis aims to contribute to the analysis of the ecology of the professions within a ministry

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Cezar, Kilma Gonçalves. "O eterno retorno do espaço : a espacialidade no planejamento e nas políticas públicas do governo federal, 1950-2010." reponame:Repositório Institucional da UnB, 2012. http://repositorio.unb.br/handle/10482/12499.

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Tese (doutorado)—Universidade de Brasília, Centro de Desenvolvimento Sustentável, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Desenvolvimento Sustentável, 2012. Submitted by Alaíde Gonçalves dos Santos (alaide@unb.br) on 2013-03-07T15:26:35Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2012_KilmaGonçalvesCezar (2).pdf: 2377394 bytes, checksum: 1696c5339b8ae16ef9703bd9a4f3afb9 (MD5) Approved for entry into archive by Guimaraes Jacqueline(jacqueline.guimaraes@bce.unb.br) on 2013-03-15T15:44:13Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 2012_KilmaGonçalvesCezar (2).pdf: 2377394 bytes, checksum: 1696c5339b8ae16ef9703bd9a4f3afb9 (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2013-03-15T15:44:13Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2012_KilmaGonçalvesCezar (2).pdf: 2377394 bytes, checksum: 1696c5339b8ae16ef9703bd9a4f3afb9 (MD5) Nos últimos anos, a dimensão espacial tem assumido grande relevância nas formulações e ações do governo federal. Esta constatação motivou o desenvolvimento deste estudo. A nova ênfase dada à dimensão espacial, depois que ocupou um lugar de destaque entre os anos 1950-1970 no planejamento federal, suscita questionamentos sobre as suas razões e configuração. Por isso, a pergunta que orienta a tese é: como esta dimensão se configura atualmente e quais as suas distinções com as formulações anteriores? A hipótese desenhada foi a de que a dimensão espacial ganha importância na agenda pública do governo federal, mas de forma diferenciada, e em um locus institucional distinto. E sua relevância faz-se presente, também, nas reflexões sobre o desenvolvimento sustentável. Para a realização da tese buscou-se usar uma abordagem interdisciplinar e uma organização em 5 artigos que, embora independentes, articulam-se entre si. A metodologia articulou ampla consulta documental e da literatura especializada, além de entrevistas. Como a dimensão espacial se incrusta inicialmente no planejamento estatal federal, o primeiro artigo realiza uma releitura do contexto histórico dos governos republicanos, referente ao período 1889 - 2010, com o objetivo de identificar o uso, ou não, da prática do planejamento federal, tomando em consideração a estrutura econômica e política de cada momento de nossa história republicana. No segundo artigo analisaram-se as distintas configurações que assumiu a dimensão espacial na trajetória desse planejamento. O terceiro artigo procurou clarificar o entendimento acerca das razões da nova relevância dada à dimensão espacial. O quarto artigo dedicou-se a analisar os arranjos produtivos locais como expressão de novas espacialidades, exemplo de integração espacial de atores locais e de estímulo ao desenvolvimento local, uma das políticas públicas recentes. No quinto artigo foram analisadas as distintas formas de como a dimensão espacial tem sido incorporada às políticas públicas, tomando-se como campo de análise o Governo Lula (2003-2010). Como conclusão, verificou-se a migração da dimensão espacial do planejamento federal para as políticas públicas, na segunda metade dos anos 1990, e de forma mais evidente a partir de 2004. Entretanto, a dimensão espacial migrou de forma diferenciada dos anos 1950/1970, pois ao invés de reproduzir a política regional, ela retorna no interior das políticas públicas, seja nacional ou subnacional, setorial ou multisetorial. Porém, estas políticas foram preteridas pelo Governo Federal diante da prioridade dada ao investimento em programas setoriais previstos no Programa de Aceleração do Crescimento. _______________________________________________________________________________________ ABSTRACT For the last few years, the spatial dimension has been playing an essential part in the formulations and actions of the federal government. This fact has motivated the development of this study. The return of the spatial dimension, after being the centerpiece of the federal planning between the 50’s and the 70’s, raises questions about its reasons and configurations. Therefore, the question that direct this thesis are: (a) How is this dimension configurated nowadays? (b) What are its distinctions from the previous formulations? The hypothesis considered was that the spatial dimension gains increasing importance in the federal government public agenda, but in a differentiated way and in a distinct institutional locus. Also, its relevance is present in the reflections about sustainable development. This thesis has an interdisciplinary approach and is organized in 5 articles that are independent but linked. The methodology gathered a broad research in documents and specialized literature, besides interviews. As the spatial dimension initially inlays the federal state planning, the first article replays the historical context of the republican governments in the period of 1889 - 2010, aiming to identify the use, or not, of the federal planning practice, taking into consideration the economic and political structure of each moment in our republican history. In the second article, the distinct configurations of the spatial dimension in the planning path were analyzed. The third article aimed to clarify the understanding about the reasons for its return. In the forth, the local production arrangements were analyzed as expressions of new spatiality and as an example of spatial integration among local actors and of stimulus to the local development, one of the recent public policies. Finally, in the fifth article, the distinct ways in which the spatial dimension has been incorporated to the public policies have been assessed, considering Lula’s government (2003-2010). In conclusion, the migration of the spatial dimension from the federal planning to the public policies has been identified in the second half of the 90’s, and also after 2004 in a more evident way. However, the spatial dimension has returned in a different way of the 50’s/70’s, since it’s part of national or sub-national, sectoral or multisectoral public policies, instead of reproducing the regional policies. Despite that, these policies have been despised by the federal government due to the priorities given to the investment in sectoral programs foreseen in the Growth Acceleration Program. _______________________________________________________________________________________ RÉSUMÉ Dans les dernières années, la dimension spatiale prend une grande importance dans les formulations et les actions du gouvernement fédéral. Cette constatation a motivé le développement de cette étude. Le nouvel accent mis sur la dimension spatiale, après occuper une place importante entre les années 1950-1970 dans la planification fédérale, suscite des questions sur ses raisons et configuration. Par conséquent, la question qui guide la thèse est la suivante : comment cette dimension se configure-t-elle actuellement et quelles sont ses distinctions par rapport aux formulations précédentes ? L’hypothèse dessinée c’est celle de la dimention spatiale deveant importante sur l’agenda public du gouvernement fédéral, mais de façon différenciée, et dans un locus institutionnel distinct. Sa pertinence est également présente dans les réflexions sur le développement durable. Pour la réalisation de la thèse nous avons cherché de faire une approche interdisciplinaire et une organisation sur cinq articles, malgré leurs indépendances, ils sont articulés entre eux. La méthodologie a articulé une vaste consultation documentaire et de la littérature spécialisée, y compris des entrevues. Puisque la dimention spatiale s’incruste inicialement dans la planification de l’État fédéral, le premier article réalise une relecture du contexte historique des gouvernements républicains, en ce qui concerne la période 1889 – 2010, visant à identifier l’utilisation ou non de la pratique de la planification fédérale, en tenant compte de la structure économique et politique de chaque moment de notre histoire républicaine. Sur le deuxième article, on a analysé les différentes configurations assumée par la dimension spaciale dans la trajectoire de cette planification. Le troisième article a cherché clarifier la compréhention sur les raisons de la nouvelle pertinence donnée à la dimension spatiale. Le quatrième article s’est consacré à l’analyse des arrangements locaux comme expression de nouvelles spatialités, exemple d’intégration spatiale des acteurs locaux et de la stimulation au développement local, une des politiques publiques récentes. Dans le cinquième article ont été analysées les différentes formes sur comment la dimension spatiale sont intégrées aux politiques publiques, prénant comme champ d’analyse le Gouvernement Lula (2003-2010). La conclusion a véfirié la migration de la dimension spatiale de la planification fédérale pour les politiques publiques, dans la seconde moitié des années 1990, et de manière plus évidente à partir de 2004. Cependant, la dimension spatiale a migré de façon différenciée des années 1950/1970, car au lieu reproduire la politique régionale, elle revient au sein des politiques publiques, soit nationale ou sous-nationale, sectorielle ou bien multisectorielle. Cependant, ces politiques ont été abandonnées par le Gouvernement Fédéral auprès de la propriété donnée à l’investissement dans des programmes sectoriel prévus dans le Programme d’Accéléraction de la Croissance.

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Langaro, Jiani Fernando. "Quando o futuro é inscrito no passado: colonização e pioneirismo nas memórias públicas de Toledo-PR (1950-2010)." Pontifícia Universidade Católica de São Paulo, 2012. https://tede2.pucsp.br/handle/handle/12758.

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Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-27T19:30:39Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Jiani Fernando Langaro.pdf: 28438498 bytes, checksum: 049a871424108d74ccade7d7f01c62c9 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-10-26 Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior This work intent to establish some relationships between history and memory considering the ideas of colonization and pioneering disseminated in Toledo-PR, during 1950 to 2010. Trough this ideas were scattered many versions about a colonization private enterprise, achieved on Paraná West between 1940 and 1950, as a mark in history from local and regional past and as genesis of a fortunate journey which would raise a city in continuous progress . Such versions generally emphasizes just a few participations, like the ones connected to colonialist industries and clergy or southerner migrants which were European descendants, and keep in secret the negatives effects of that project, and this thought was accepted with no strings for some areas in local academic historiography. Initially, the hypothesis was that those memories grew from somewhere in the city, probably spread by some stiffs and social groups through institutions and projects, hypothesis that later on was proved. Having this as beginning point, and basing on social history knowledge, the target turn into the study of how these memories were established and became hegemonics in that place, the different elements emerged from wrangles and any other ways to explain the local past. In this way, drawing heavily on sources like recolection literature, printing press, schoolbooks, monuments and spaces on the city or on entities that studied local past, many cultural and educational projects created by the public authorities and independent initiatives turned questionable. From this point, it is possible to certify that in Toledo existed a battlefield for the past in which city foundation memories acquired centrality and became groundwork to picture the future. More than this, such wrangles involved local academic historiography its own and make clear that history and memories were attached to social reality. Through oral narratives it was also observed that in the admission of these memories the inhabitants did not just absorb than, but reflected and elaborated it again, this is what makes possible to perceive the existence of hegemonic versions, but not unique, about Toledo and Paraná West past O trabalho discute as relações entre história e memória a partir das temáticas da colonização e do pioneirismo veiculadas em Toledo-PR, entre 1950 e 2010. Através desses temas foram difundidas versões que tratavam um empreendimento privado de colonização , realizado na região oeste do Paraná entre as décadas de 1940 e 1950, como marco histórico do passado local e regional e como gênese de uma trajetória venturosa que teria gerado um município em contínuo progresso . Tais versões, geralmente enfatizavam apenas a participação de alguns sujeitos, como aqueles ligados às empresas colonizadoras e ao clero, além dos migrantes sulistas de ascendência europeia e silenciavam sobre os impactos negativos desses processos, o que acabou sendo incorporado sem maiores críticas por determinadas tendências da historiografia acadêmica regional. Inicialmente, a hipótese era de que tais memórias não surgiam espontaneamente na cidade, mas eram difundidas por determinados sujeitos e grupos sociais através de instituições e projetos, o que logo pôde ser confirmado. Diante disso, com base nos conhecimentos de história social, o objetivo passou a ser o estudo de como essas memórias se instituíram e se tornaram hegemônicas no lugar, os elementos díspares que emergiram dessas disputas e as outras formas existentes de se explicar o passado local. Assim, com base em fontes como literatura memorialística, a imprensa, livros didáticos, esculturas, monumentos e os próprios espaços da cidade e de entidades voltadas ao trabalho com as memórias locais, foram problematizados diferentes projetos culturais e educacionais promovidos pelo poder público e iniciativas independentes dos moradores. A partir disso, foi constatado que em Toledo existia um campo de disputas pelo passado, no qual as memórias da formação do município adquiriram centralidade e tornaram-se elemento basilar para desenhar o futuro. Mais do que isso, tais disputas acabaram envolvendo a própria historiografia acadêmica regional e o que foi evidenciado é que história e memória não eram campos separados da realidade social. Através do recurso às narrativas orais, também foi observado que na recepção dessas memórias, os moradores da cidade não as absorviam simplesmente, mas as refletiam e reelaboravam, o que fez perceber a existência de versões hegemônicas, porém não únicas, sobre o passado de Toledo e do oeste do Paraná

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Badilla, Rubilar Mariela. "A comparative study of the expression of irony and sarcasm in north american comedies from 1950 to 2010." Tesis, Universidad de Chile, 2013. http://repositorio.uchile.cl/handle/2250/139532.

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Tesis para optar al grado de Magíster en Lingüística mención Lengua Inglesa Autor no autoriza el acceso a texto completo de su documento. The purpose of this research is to analyze ironic and sarcastic utterances in the number of occurrence and their sociopragmatic function is sitcoms from different decades from 1950 to 2010. To carry out the analysis, seven transcripts from seven different decades with their correspondent videos were selected. Once the ironic and sarcastic utterances were identified, two matrices of analysis were utilized. For ironic utterances, the matrix of analysis proposed by Aguilera et. al (2001) and for sarcastic utterances, the matrix of analysis proposed by Negrón (2011). The results show a homogeneous occurrence of ironic utterances through decades whereas sarcasm becomes recurrent from 1970 on. This suggests that sarcasm corresponds to a contemporary phenomenon that evolved with the natural evolution of sitcoms regarding the social context of the decade. The same social context seems to limit or increase the sociopragmatic functions of these rhetorical devices. In the case of irony, its use seems to change over time while approaches and Humorous effect seem to constitute a permanent part of the genre. In the case of sarcasm, the results suggest that FTA change over time whereas the speaker attitude seems to be bounded to the characteristics of the sitcoms. Appraisal seems to constitute a feature of sarcastic utterances as indicated by its predominance in the analysis.

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Perrin, Coline. "Construire les campagnes méditerranéennes : usages, aménagement et valorisations du foncier agricole périurbain en Provence et en Toscane (1950-2010)." Phd thesis, Université de Provence - Aix-Marseille I, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00443001.

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Les campagnes aixoises et florentines sont prises dans un processus de métropolisation qui entraîne le recul et la restructuration de l'agriculture. Simultanément, elles bénéficient d'une excellente image internationale à laquelle participent les paysages agraires et les produits du terroir, vin et huile d'olive. Ce travail met en évidence les relations entre l'urbanisation, les modalités de gestion et les stratégies de valorisation du foncier agricole périurbain en Provence et en Toscane depuis les années 1950. Il s'appuie sur la comparaison des transformations des espaces agricoles de sept communes proches d'Aix-en-Provence et de Florence. Dans la première partie, la cartographie diachronique et la modélisation des dynamiques spatiales et paysagères montrent la bonne résistance des vignes et des oliveraies et une morphologie périurbaine moins dispersée en Toscane. La deuxième partie compare le contexte réglementaire provençal et toscan ainsi que l'histoire de la prise en compte de l'agriculture dans les documents locaux d'urbanisme. Elle montre comment les acteurs locaux ont géré, limité ou légitimé l'urbanisation du foncier agricole depuis 1950. La forme et le contenu de la planification se révèlent comme un enjeu des rapports public-privé à l'échelle communale. La troisième partie s'intéresse au terroir comme valorisation alternative du foncier agricole et comme moyen pour reconstruire les campagnes méditerranéennes, tant par le renouvellement des liens villes-campagnes que par l'exploitation des appellations d'origine (AOC, DOCG) et du tourisme dans la mondialisation. Malgré le succès de l'agritourisme en Toscane ou la réussite du processus d'ancrage des vins et de l'huile d'olive de Provence et du Chianti, les projets de territoire de type district rural ou agri-urbain peinent à aboutir : pour stabiliser le foncier agricole périurbain, la marge de manoeuvre de l'action publique locale pourrait résider dans l'articulation des stratégies individuelles, des enjeux agricoles et des choix d'urbanisme.

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Falk, Renström Johannes. "DEN IDEALA COWBOYEN : En komparativ studie av maskuliniteten inom den amerikanska audiovisuella westerngenren på 1950-talet samt 2010-talet." Thesis, Stockholms universitet, JMK, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-165577.

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Den hegemoniska maskuliniteten är försatt i ett stadie av konstant förändring och omförhandling. Saker som i en viss tidsepok kommit att associeras med femininitet kan vid en annan tidpunkt komma att tillskrivas som ett maskulint attribut. Då mannens relation till sig själv – och hans relation till sin omgivning – påverkas av den maskulina idealbild som förmedlas, i bland annat populärkulturellt material, blir det därför viktigt att undersöka hur denna hegemoniska maskulinitet yttrar sig i olika tidsepoker. Detta dels för att utröna varför den ser ut som den gör idag och hur den porträtterats historiskt, men även för att förutspå hur gestaltningen av maskulinitet kan komma att förändra sig i framtiden. Denna studie har utfört en komparation mellan westernfilmer som av diverse forskare och kritiker ses som typiska tidsenliga exempel på filmer inom westerngenren. Detta gjordes för att fastställa hur den historiska porträtteringen av den hegemoniska maskuliniteten skiljer sig från den i ett modernt populärkulturellt material inom samma genre. Detta gjordes genom att utföra en semiotisk bildanalys av protagonistens och antagonistens slut- samt introduktionsscen, därefter jämfördes de observationer som gjorts i analysen, varpå övergripande analyser gjordes, i vilken återkommande drag, behandlingen av minoriteter, kroppsattribut och miljöerna som dessa befann sig i och bebodde, diskuterades och sammanställdes. Kontentan av resultatet var att attribut som tidigare associerats med protagonister i materialet från 1950-talet numera utgjordes av antagonisterna i materialet från 2010-talet. Den tidigare maskuliniteten som gestaltades av storväxthet och breda axlar har förändrats, och den hegemoniska maskuliniteten har nu gett upphov till en man med mer komplexa motivationer, större känsloliv och hänsynsfullhet än den som skänktes av protagonisten i dom tidigare gestaltningarna. Genom att uppnå sina målsättningar kunde även protagonisterna i materialen från båda tidsperioderna dölja att dessa antagit attribut som tidigare varit kvinnligt kodade i den nya maskulina idealbilden, exempelvis fällandet av tårar.

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Greer, Krista. "Considering the ‘effort factor’ in fisheries : a methodology for reconstructing global fishing effort and carbon dioxide emissions, 1950 - 2010." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/51764.

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Whether or not fisheries are sustainable not only affects ocean health, but also human health; a large portion of the population depends on marine ecosystems for food, livelihoods and social values. Our understanding of how fishing impacts the environment is lacking and under the threats of global climate change, the extent to which the ocean can continue to provide goods and services is questionable. Chapter 1 introduces some critical knowledge gaps in fisheries and problems with how marine resources have been managed in the past. Chapter 2 describes a methodology that can be used to quantify and reconstruct historical fishing effort to create a global fishing effort database. Historically fisheries management has not given adequate consideration to the ‘effort factor’, potentially resulting in the mismanagement of marine resources. The methodology was applied to the Exclusive Economic Zones of 9 maritime countries, and preliminary results suggest that, although fishing effort appears to be stabilizing, catch per unit of effort is decreasing. Chapter 3 uses the fishing effort calculated in Chapter 2 to estimate the CO₂ emissions from fishing over time. Fishing is not perceived as an important contributor to greenhouse gas emissions and climate change, despite using fishing vessels that rely on the combustion of fossil fuels (Wilson 1999). As in Chapter 2, the methodology was applied to 9 EEZs. It was found that the CO₂ per unit of catch (CO₂PUC; tonnes) increased, despite increases in fuel efficiency, and the industrial sector emitted 3 times more CO₂PUC than the small-scale sector in 2010. It was estimated that fishing contributes approximately between 2.8 – 5.2% to global CO₂ emissions annually. The final chapter, Chapter 4, discusses the preliminary results of the 9 sample EEZs within the context of the sustainability of fisheries and what it means to be sustainable. Science, Faculty of Resources, Environment and Sustainability (IRES), Institute for Graduate

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Johnsson, Sofie. "Vila i frid - under en religiös eller sekulär symbol? : En studie av symbolanvändning på gravstenar i Växjö mellan 1950-2010." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för kulturvetenskaper (KV), 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-32567.

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Constantin, Cornelia. "Pour une socio-histoire de la catégorie de père de l'Europe et ses usages pluriels : trajectoires, réputations, mémoires (1950-2010)." Paris, EHESS, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013EHES0094.

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Notre thèse étudie dans une perspective socio-historique les cheminements de l'institutionnalisation de la catégorie de pères et de mères de l'Europe à partir d'un corpus de 24 individus ayant effectivement contribuée à la création de l'Europe communautaire, notre approche se fonde sur la politique comparée, la sociologie de la mémoire collective, des mobilisations et de l'action publique. Notre démonstration est structurée en trois parties. Nous avons d'abord déconstruit les trajectoires des pères de l'Europe dans une perspective de politique comparée, permettant d'expliquer les logiques de la construction européenne qui ne se réduisent pas aux mutations du projet européen. La seconde partie de la thèse s'intéresse aux mobilisations en associations et fondations, politiques ou non politiques, qui perpétuent les mémoires des pères de l'Europe, des thèmes largement inexplorées en science politique. Les mobilisations mémorielles en associations et fondations expliquent pourquoi certains pères de l'Europe sont plus consacrés que les autres. De même, les mobilisations partisanes rendent compte de la consécration plus marquée des pères de l'Europe démocrates-chrétiens. Enfin, la troisième partie analyse les pratiques commémoratives consacrées aux pères de l'Europe aux échelles régionales, nationales et communautaire. Contrairement à ce que le nom de la catégorie laisserait penser, nous démontrons que les cadres nationaux de la mémoire sont les plus prégnants. Plus généralement, notre thèse démontre la pertinence du concept de gouvernance pour penser l'action publique mémorielle, comme imbrication d'acteurs étatiques, européens et structures associatives Our thesis explores the socio-historical paths of the institutionalization of the mothers and fathers of Europe. From a corpus of 24 individuals who actually contributed to the creation of the European Community, 0ur approach is based on comparative politics, sociology of collective memory, mobilization and public action. Our proof is structured in three parts. We first deconstructs the trajectories of the fathers of Europe from the perspective of comparative politics, to explain the logic of European integration, which cannot be reduced to changes in the European project. The second part of the thesis focuses on the mobilization of associations and foundations, political or non-political, which perpetuate the memory of the fathers of Europe, largely unexplored topics in political science. The mobilizations in memorial associations and foundations explain why some fathers of Europe are more recognized than others. Similarly, partisan mobilization reflects the greater consecration of the fathers of Europe Christian Democrats. Finally, the third section analyzes the commemorative practices devoted to the fathers of Europe on regional, national and community levels. Contrary to what the name of "father of Europe" would suggest, we demonstrate that national frameworks of memory are the most meaningful. More generally, this thesis demonstrates the relevance of the concept of governance in order to think memorial public policy as nesting state actors, European and associative structures

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Betz, Sabrina [Verfasser], and Johannes [Gutachter] Schwitalla. "Textsortenwandel in Theaterkritiken – untersucht an der Frankfurter Allgemeinen Zeitung und der Süddeutschen Zeitung von 1950 bis 2010 / Sabrina Betz ; Gutachter: Johannes Schwitalla." Würzburg : Universität Würzburg, 2017. http://d-nb.info/1133479944/34.

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Pissinato, Bruno. "A cultura de cana-de-açúcar no Estado de São Paulo entre 1950 e 2010: evolução histórica da área e da produtividade." Universidade de São Paulo, 2014. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/11/11132/tde-11042014-173816/.

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Este trabalho tem o objetivo de conhecer a cultura da cana-de-açúcar no estado de São Paulo, focalizando de modo geral seu desenvolvimento, sua evolução histórica e os contextos, que esta cultura sofreu nas mudanças do período 1950-2010. A partir do começo do século XX a região Centro-Sul passou a ser o polo dinamizador do desenvolvimento brasileiro e, em pouco tempo tornou-se o mais importante mercado consumidor interno de açúcar e também como processador da cana colhida. Segue nessa linha a Segunda Guerra Mundial, e a crise do petróleo na década de 1970, que provocaram mudanças institucionais, como o PROÁLCOOL, Planalsucar e PRO-OESTE, alicerçando um Ambiente Institucional de incentivos que impactará na distribuição da cultura canavieira nas mesorregiões do Estado. Houve, entretanto, a substituição de outras culturas agrícolas no Estado, e a consequente diminuição, ou em maior grau, o aumento em termos de mesorregiões e municípios. Além disso, o sistema aumentou sua produção baseado em maior frequência por aumentos de área (Contribuição de Área), indicando o caráter extensivo do plantio. No entanto, quando é observado o período como um todo, evidencia-se a Contribuição de Rendimentos, mostrando o papel do melhoramento em proporcionar não somente a produtividade, mas a melhor adaptação da cultura em áreas que começaram a se destacar após os anos 1950. This Project intends to know the sugar cane culture in São Paulo state focusing, in a general view, the development and historical evolution, as the contexts which this culture passed by during the changes in the periods from 1950 to 2010. Since the beginning of the 20th century, the South-Central region started promoting dynamics in Brazilian development and, in a short time, it became the most important internal market costumer of sugar and also a processor of harvest cane. Continuing at this point, we have the Second World War and the petrol crisis in the 70s, causing institutional changes, as PRÓALCOOL, Planalsucar and PRO-OESTE building an institutional environment of incentives that impact the distribution of the culture cane in the middle regions of the state. However, there was the substitution of other agriculture cultures in the state, and the consequent decreasing or, in higher degree the increasing, talking about middle regions and cities. Besides that, the system increased their production based on greater frequency for increasing on the area (Contribution for the area), indicating the extensive plantation nature. However, when the period is observed at large is noticed the Contribution of the yields, showing the upgrade role in promoting not only the productivity, but also the better adaptation of this culture in areas that started showing up after the 50s.

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Jonsson, Ellen. "Läsning för framtidens samhällsmedborgare : En analys av tre politiska diskussioner om barns och ungas läsning från 1910-talet, 1950-talet och 2010-talet." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för ABM, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-413799.

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The purpose of this thesis is to explore how politic in the field of children´s and young people´s reading has been formulated and motivated during different periods. The analysis comprises political discussions from three periods: the 1910s discussion about how to promote good and inexpensive reading for pleasure, the 1950s political debate about light entertaining literature and comic books, and the political discussion about decreasing reading ability and reading promotion that followed the impaired Swedish results from PISA 2012. The overall issue for the thesis is how the view of children’s reading and children as readers that is expressed in the political discussions differs from each other, as well as how those differences could be explained in relation to the social and cultural policy context. The method is comparative history analysis. The resource material consists of documents from the Swedish Parliament and government official reports. A theoretical point of departure is the childhood studies research and the concept of children as beings or becomings. The analysis also uses theories about literary value and ideas about the function of reading. One of the findings is that children’s reading during all three periods is of great importance, for the children themselves as well as for the future of society. There are also differences. Over time, the discussion has moved from the question of a material lack of good books to a worry about inability and lack of interest in reading. While the 1910s and the 1950s discussions are about “good” and “bad” or “harmful” literature, the 2010s discussion pay more attention to reading as an activity and view reading in all its aspects as truly positive. It is also possible to see a shift in the debate from a collectivistic focus on public education and the citizen’s cultural progress, to a more individualistic approach that emphasizes participation and different ways to acquire literature. This is a two years master’s thesis in Library and Information Science.

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Morin, Céline. "Emancipations féminines, impasses patriarcales et promesses de la "relation pure" : les configurations des relations amoureuses dans les séries télévisées étasuniennes de 1950 à 2010." Thesis, Paris 3, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA030115.

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Les vagues d’émancipation féminines ont eu de multiples effets, plus ou moins violents, sur les modèles amoureux, ce dont témoignent les imaginaires médiatiques. L’analyse de vingt-deux séries télévisées étasuniennes diffusées entre 1950 et 2010 permet de saisir ce que ces représentations décrivent des répercussions de l’émancipation féminine sur les structures conjugales, sur les manières d’aimer et sur les imaginaires affectifs.Passée une période liminaire où les héroïnes femmes au foyer sont soumises à l’insatisfaction de leur condition et laissent transparaître les premiers échecs de l’amour romantique, un mouvement de protagonistes féminines se partage, à partir des années 1970, entre des femmes actives, avatars du féminisme libéral, et de nouvelles femmes au foyer, porteuses du féminisme radical. Deux décennies plus tard, les héroïnes trentenaires, célibataires et souvent citadines, égéries de l’après-féminisme, constituent l’amour en une menace à leur indépendance et à leur épanouissement. Enfin, la récente vague de quadragénaires, souvent veuves ou divorcées, tente de dépasser la contradiction entre indépendance et amour en élaborant des « sphères publiques intimes ».Ces héroïnes posent de façon croissante la question des nouvelles prérogatives communicationnelles dans des structures conjugales qui ne sont plus subordonnées au seul mariage traditionnel. L’avènement d’un nouvel idéal se produit, celui d’une « relation pure » au sens d’Anthony Giddens. Ce modèle permet de comprendre l’obsolescence progressive du romantisme dans les imaginaires médiatiques, confronté aux asymétries qu’il provoque entre hommes et femmes. Désormais, la relation pure apparaît comme le modèle le plus adapté à la compréhension des phénomènes contemporains en ce qu’il place l’égalité au centre de la quête amoureuse, dont la variété des formes doit être ramenée à l’impératif très contemporain de démocratie conjugale Waves of women’s emancipation-movements have had multiple effects, more or less violent, on love models – effects that are echoed in media representations. The analysis of twenty-two American television series broadcasted between 1950 and 2010 captures what these representations describe of the impact of women’s movements on domestic structures, on the ways of loving and on emotional imaginaries. After an initial period wherein heroines were housewives prone to dissatisfaction with their situation and which serve as beacons of the first failures of romanticism, a movement of female protagonists is split, from the 1970s, between working women who are avatars of liberal feminism and new housewives who embody radical feminism. Two decades later, urban heroines, mostly thirty-year-old single women, personify the aftermath of feminism by considering love as a threat to their fulfillment. Finally, the recent wave of forty year olds, often widowed or divorced, try to overcome the contradiction between love and independence by building “intimate public spheres”. These heroines are increasingly struggling with the renewal of communicative tools within domestic structures that are no longer determined by the sole traditional marriage. The advent of a new ideal occurs, that of a “pure relationship” in the words of Anthony Giddens. This model helps to understand the gradual obsolescence of romanticism in media representations, due to the inequities it induces between men and women. The “pure relationship” appears to be the most suitable model for understanding the ‘new loving phenomenon’, as it puts equity at the center of the quest for love, whose variety of forms must be comprehended through the recent imperative of conjugal democracy

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Tapper, Rebecca, and Amanda Holmén. ""Män är fruktansvärda, fåfänga och högmodiga; de har hår över hela kroppen!"(SOMMARNATTENSLEENDE, 1955) : En studie om representationen av maskulinitet i 1950- och 2010-talsfilmer." Thesis, Högskolan i Skövde, Institutionen för hälsa och lärande, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:his:diva-12712.

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Genusforskning inkluderar oftast inte maskulinitet, speciellt inte hur det reproduceras i samhället. Utifrån ett socialpsykologiskt perspektiv utgår därför denna studie från den socialisation som dagligen sker mellan media och samhällsstrukturen. Den här studien beskriver den kulturella representationen av män med hjälp av 80 analyserade filmer och 239 analyserade manliga roller från Sverige och Amerika under 1950- och 2010-talet. En kvalitativ- kvantitativ innehållsanalys genomfördes för att kunna placera de analyserade manliga rollerna i redan existerande maskulinitetskategorier. Resultatet visar att maskulinitet inte får tillräckligt med utrymme i dagens samhälle och kan därmed inte alltid kategoriseras in i dessa maskulinitetskategorier. De största förändringarna av män från 1950-talet och 2010-talet är att vikten av familjen har minskat, samt att mannen har blivit mer känslosam. De största skillnaderna mellan den amerikanska och svenska mannen ligger i hur den amerikanska mannen dominerar i arbetslivet samtidigt som han är familjefar, medan den svenska mannen lever ett ungkarlsliv och lägger stort fokus på sina vänner. The study of Gender does not often explore masculinity, especially with regards to their role in reproduction in society. The social psychology perspective of the daily socialisation that occurs between media and the social structure is therefore the outset of this study. A cultural representation of men has been described from a dataset of 80 analysed films, and 239 analysed male characters from Sweden and America during the 1950s and 2010s. A qualitative- quantitative content analysis was conducted to place the analysed male characters in already existing categories of masculinity. The results showed that masculinity does not have enough space in today’s society. Due to these findings, many men no longer fit the profile into the existing categories of masculinity. The biggest differences between men from the 1950s and 2010s, was a shift in the importance of family life. Over the years, men have developed a more emotional and sensitive side to themselves. When comparing the difference between the American and Swedish man; The American man tended to dominate his work life while being a family father. Whereas, the Swedish man lived a life of a bachelor and devoted a great deal of time to his friends.

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Ortiz, Cermeño Eva. "Evolución histórica de la educación cívica en los planes de estudio y manuales de pedagogía para la formación de los maestros de Educación Primaria (1950-2010)." Doctoral thesis, Universidad de Murcia, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/310406.

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Hemos realizado una investigación sobre los valores cívicos desde mediados del siglo XX a principios del XXI, con una selección rigurosa de autores en un campo disciplinar concreto, la pedagogía, en la asignatura Teorías e Instituciones Contemporáneas de Educación, cuya finalidad consiste, fundamentalmente, en la formación inicial de maestros capacitados para ejercer en la etapa de Educación Primaria de manera coherente con lo establecido en el sistema educativo y con lo legislado sobre esta profesión. Los objetivos planteados han intentado dar respuesta a cuáles son las teorías educativas, los temas específicos y cómo han evolucionado los valores cívicos que tratan los manuales de la citada asignatura. No se trata de analizar un campo de conocimiento acotado como tal, sino una serie de cuestiones, valores, ideas, contenidos, actitudes y temas que de un modo u otro corresponden al ámbito de la educación cívica del profesorado, pero que pueden abordarse en una o varias disciplinas. No obstante, en este contexto educativo, este contenido no ha sido prioritario en los programas oficiales ni en los concretados en las universidades. No ha estado ha¬bitualmente presente en ninguna de las materias de Didáctica de las Ciencias Sociales, por ello hemos considerado relevante centrar la tesis en estos temas para llenar de algún modo el vacío que hasta ahora existía en el estudio de los manuales de la asignatura Teorías e Instituciones Contemporáneas de Educación en la formación de los maestros y estudiar cómo han ido variando las referencias a los valores en esos manuales. La metodología de análisis que hemos llevado a cabo para el tratamiento de la información se ha centrado en la “teoría fundamentada” porque parte del análisis interpretacional, es decir, constructor de una teoría (Grounded Theory). En nuestro caso, la interpretación se ha realizado basándose en las teorías y los temas específicos que hay en la asignatura Teorías e Instituciones Contemporáneas de Educación, en concreto sobre los valores cívicos llevando a cabo un análisis descriptivo/interpretativo, sobre las categorías y los códigos que se han seleccionado al revisar y profundizar en los textos de dichos manuales, con la ayuda del programa ATLAS.ti que nos ha permitido sintetizar la información y elaborar diagramas de redes. En cuanto a los resultados obtenidos en función de los objetivos planteados podemos concluir que los valores (libertad, formación cívica, responsabilidad, disciplina, participación, cooperación, igualdad, justicia y respeto) se muestran en las teorías y corrientes educativas, concretamente, en las teorías marxistas, el movimiento de la Escuela Nueva, las teorías educativas en los umbrales de la contemporaneidad, las teorías de la postmodernidad, las teorías críticas de la escuela como la desescolarización, las teorías antiautoritarias y las teorías personalistas. Como también en los temas específicos analizados, donde los autores investigados hacen hincapié principalmente en la familia, la escuela, el profesorado y sus características propias. En este sentido, afirmamos que existe una evolución positiva de los valores y de su importancia para la formación de los estudiantes. En relación a los planes de estudio de cada época, los autores se basan en los descriptores establecidos. Se constata que existe una estrecha relación con los valores investigados en cada tema abordado. Es necesario que el profesor, por tanto, forme en aptitudes y valores al alumnado, para ser capaces de participar activamente en la sociedad de la que forman parte. In the course Theory and Contemporary Institutions of Education, we conducted an investigation of civic values from the mid-twentieth century to the early twenty-first century with a rigorous selection of authors in the field of pedagogy. The primary purpose of this course is the initial training of primary education teachers that is consistent with the provisions of the educational system and related legislation. The objective of the investigation was to identify educational theories and specific issues, how they have evolved, and how civic values address these issues. This study does not seek to analyze a field of knowledge bounded as such, but to examine a series of values, ideas, content, attitudes, and issues that are within the scope of the civic education teacher but can be addressed in one or more disciplines. However, in this educational context, this content has not been a priority in government programs or in university curricula. It has not usually been present in any of the materials for teaching social sciences; therefore, we considered it a relevant thesis topic to focus on these issues and somehow fill the void that has hitherto existed in the study of teacher training manuals and to see how references to values have changed in teaching manuals. Analysis methodology was conducted for information processing and was focused on the "theory based" analysis because of the interpretational, as a theory builder (grounded theory). In our case, the interpretation was made based on the theories and the specific issues that are in the course Theory and Contemporary Institutions of Education, specifically on civic values, and conducting a descriptive / interpretive analysis on the categories and codes selected to review and deepen the texts of these manuals. We used the program ATLAS.ti in the course of our work. That has allowed us to synthesize information and draw network diagrams. As for the results obtained in terms of the objectives, we conclude that the values namely, freedom, citizenship training, responsibility, discipline, participation, cooperation, equality, justice and respect are shown in educational theories and currents, specifically in the Marxist theories, the Movement of the New school, the educational theories on the threshold of contemporary theories of postmodernism, critical theories of the school as unschooling, the anti-authoritarian theories and personalistic theories, as well as those discussed specific issues where the investigated authors mainly emphasize the family, the school, teachers and their own characteristics. In this sense, we affirm that there is a positive evolution of values and their importance to the training of students. In relation to the curriculum of each period, the authors are based on the descriptors set. It is found that there is a close connection with the values investigated in each issue addressed. It is necessary that the teacher, therefore, be formed in skills and values for the students to be able to participate actively in the society of which they are a part.

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Gerber, Lucie. "Le laboratoire des esprits animaux : expérimentation animale, production de savoirs et innovation thérapeutique dans les domaines de la dépression et de la maladie d'Alzheimer (1950-2010)." Paris, EHESS, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016EHES0137.

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Le « laboratoire des esprits animaux » propose une histoire d'une aspiration scientifique, celle de se servir de l'animal expérimental pour introduire les problèmes de la psychiatrie et de la neurologie dans l'enceinte du laboratoire. Ce travail décrit et analyse les pratiques des acteurs des sciences du comportement, de la cognition et du cerveau dans le contexte de la recherche thérapeutique et médicale sur les maladies ou troubles qui atteignent le psychisme, depuis 1955 jusqu'au temps présent. Quelles sont les conditions historiques sous lesquelles l'expérimentation animale s'est développée et diversifiée au cours de la seconde moitié du XXe siècle ? Comment les expérimentateurs ont-ils développé des modèles animaux pour l'étude de phénomènes qui ont souvent pour réputation d'être spécifiquement humains ? Avec quels effets et conséquences pour le mode de constitution des objets sur lesquels travaillent les expérimentateurs, sur les orientations suivies par la recherche médicale et thérapeutique? Ces questions sont abordées à partir de deux champs d'observation, la recherche sur la dépression, et celle sur la maladie d'Alzheimer, dans la perspective d'une histoire intégrée des sciences, des techniques et de la médecine. À travers la littérature publiée, des archives industrielles, institutionnelles et personnelles de scientifiques, des entretiens d'histoire orale et des observations ethnographiques, ce travail interroge le lien étroit qui s'est établi, suivant un double processus de « pharmaceuticalisation » et de « molécularisation », entre l'expérimentation animale et la manière dont nous concevons et étudions les troubles mentaux, cognitifs et du comportement The "laboratory of animal spirits" proposes a history of a scientific aspiration, that of using the experimental animal to introduce the problems of psychiatry and neurology within the laboratory. This work describes and analyzes the practices of the behavioral, cognitive and brain sciences in the context of therapeutic and medical research on diseases or disorders that affect the mind from 1955 to the present time. What are the historical conditions under which animal experimentation developed and diversified during the second half of the 20th century? How have experimenters developed animal models for the study of phenomena that are often reputed to be specifically human? With what effects and consequences for the mode of constitution of the objects on which the experimenters work, on the orientations followed by medical and therapeutic research? These questions are addressed through two fields of observation, research on depression, and research on Alzheimer's disease, in the perspective of an integrated history of science, technology and medicine. Through the published literature, industrial, institutional and personal archives of scientists, oral history interviews and ethnographic observations, this work questions the close link that was established, following a double process of "pharmaceutizalisation" and " molecularization "between animal experimentation and the way we conceive and study mental, cognitive and behavioral disorders

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Moreau, Lise, and Lise Moreau. "L'évolution des pratiques rédactionnelles et de l'identité discursive des journalistes pratiquant dans le domaine de l'information judiciaire de nature criminelle et pénale de 1950 à 2010." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/36237.

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Notre thèse vise d’abord à démontrer que, de 1950 à 2010, il y a eu des changements dans les représentations journalistiques de la justice et des magistrats et ensuite, à expliquer ces transformations. Un corpus de 350 articles de presse, soit cinquante textes publiés la première année de chaque décennie, sélectionnés de manière aléatoire dans le journal La Presse, est étudié par l’intermédiaire de l’analyse critique du discours. Selon cette méthode, l’analyse et la compréhension d’un discours requièrent de prendre en compte les conditions dans lesquelles il est produit, puisque ces conditions déterminent la nature des représentations qui y sont inscrites. En effet, les journalistes ne possèdent pas une totale liberté leur permettant de décider des sujets à traiter et de la manière de le faire. Ce sont les rapports qu’ils entretiennent avec la source de leur discours, les collègues, l’employeur, les lecteurs, etc., qui le déterminent. C’est la raison pour laquelle l’analyse critique d’un discours dans une perspective diachronique ne peut être complète sans le situer dans l’environnement, lui aussi changeant, dans lequel il prend forme, car des « rapports de force » (entendus comme la possibilité d’agir sur autrui en fonction des ressources et des contraintes de chacun) se jouent derrière son élaboration et en forgent la signification. Chaque sous-environnement (dans notre cas, particulièrement les sous-environnements judiciaire et médiatique), se compose effectivement de structures (par exemple, les lois, les tribunaux, l’entreprise de presse, le marché des médias, etc.) ayant pour effet, soit de faciliter le travail des journalistes, soit de le contraindre en limitant leurs marges de manoeuvre. Ces structures, contribuant à établir ce qu’ils peuvent écrire, évoluent elles aussi. L’effet combiné des différents éléments structurants d’un même sousenvironnement, de même que les interactions entre sous-environnements et entre les individus, interviennent en jouant sur le rapport de force (ce dernier sera parfois à l’avantage des journalistes ou encore à leur désavantage), tout en contribuant à déterminer le statut social et professionnel dont disposent les journalistes et les juges. Il arrive que les changements dans ces conditions de production entraînent à leur tour des transformations plus ou moins prononcées dans les façons de faire des journalistes et, par la même occasion, dans leur discours. Lorsqu’ils écrivent, les journalistes laissent dans leurs textes, sans même le vouloir, des traces des rapports sociaux qu’ils entretiennent avec le sujet et l’objet dont ils traitent, ainsi qu’avec ceux à qui ils s’adressent. La notion d’identité discursive journalistique permet d’observer l’effet émergent de pratiques routinières à un moment précis de leur évolution, car inconsciemment, les journalistes rédigent leurs articles en conformité avec la manière constituant la norme au moment où ils écrivent leurs textes. Ce concept nous permet alors de déceler, à l’aide d’indicateurs microtextuels et macrotextuels, les conséquences de ces rapports dans la production de l’énonciation journalistique. L’institution judiciaire et les entreprises de presse sont deux organisations de nature discursive, chacune possédant son système de valeurs, ses propres significations, son public cible, ses objectifs, bref, son système sémiotique spécifique. En ce sens, lorsque les journalistes rendent compte de ce qui se produit devant les tribunaux, ils mettent en discours un discours déjà construit une première fois par la justice et ses représentants. Selon qu’ils possèdent une identité discursive plus ou moins forte, les journalistes se permettront de modifier ou au contraire de reproduire le plus fidèlement possible, l’énonciation originale. Ainsi, en 1950, sans qu’ils en soient nécessairement conscients, les journalistes s’appliquent à construire la nouvelle en privilégiant la logique énonciative et les intérêts de l’institution judiciaire, comme si le rôle attendu d’eux en était un de rapporteur. Les valeurs rattachées aux acteurs du premier niveau sémiotique demeurent donc prédominantes dans les articles de presse. À la fin de la période étudiée, il apparaît évident que l’identité discursive des journalistes se trouve renforcée. Ils se distancient de la sémiotique judiciaire en remaniant l’énonciation originale. La prédominance des valeurs associées à la justice va de plus en plus s’estomper au moment de la seconde sémiotisation, désormais construite en fonction de la logique énonciative des journalistes et de leur évaluation de ce que désirent les lecteurs, ce qui contribue par la suite à conforter, voire affermir, leur statut social et professionnel. Notre thèse vise d’abord à démontrer que, de 1950 à 2010, il y a eu des changements dans les représentations journalistiques de la justice et des magistrats et ensuite, à expliquer ces transformations. Un corpus de 350 articles de presse, soit cinquante textes publiés la première année de chaque décennie, sélectionnés de manière aléatoire dans le journal La Presse, est étudié par l’intermédiaire de l’analyse critique du discours. Selon cette méthode, l’analyse et la compréhension d’un discours requièrent de prendre en compte les conditions dans lesquelles il est produit, puisque ces conditions déterminent la nature des représentations qui y sont inscrites. En effet, les journalistes ne possèdent pas une totale liberté leur permettant de décider des sujets à traiter et de la manière de le faire. Ce sont les rapports qu’ils entretiennent avec la source de leur discours, les collègues, l’employeur, les lecteurs, etc., qui le déterminent. C’est la raison pour laquelle l’analyse critique d’un discours dans une perspective diachronique ne peut être complète sans le situer dans l’environnement, lui aussi changeant, dans lequel il prend forme, car des « rapports de force » (entendus comme la possibilité d’agir sur autrui en fonction des ressources et des contraintes de chacun) se jouent derrière son élaboration et en forgent la signification. Chaque sous-environnement (dans notre cas, particulièrement les sous-environnements judiciaire et médiatique), se compose effectivement de structures (par exemple, les lois, les tribunaux, l’entreprise de presse, le marché des médias, etc.) ayant pour effet, soit de faciliter le travail des journalistes, soit de le contraindre en limitant leurs marges de manoeuvre. Ces structures, contribuant à établir ce qu’ils peuvent écrire, évoluent elles aussi. L’effet combiné des différents éléments structurants d’un même sousenvironnement, de même que les interactions entre sous-environnements et entre les individus, interviennent en jouant sur le rapport de force (ce dernier sera parfois à l’avantage des journalistes ou encore à leur désavantage), tout en contribuant à déterminer le statut social et professionnel dont disposent les journalistes et les juges. Il arrive que les changements dans ces conditions de production entraînent à leur tour des transformations plus ou moins prononcées dans les façons de faire des journalistes et, par la même occasion, dans leur discours. Lorsqu’ils écrivent, les journalistes laissent dans leurs textes, sans même le vouloir, des traces des rapports sociaux qu’ils entretiennent avec le sujet et l’objet dont ils traitent, ainsi qu’avec ceux à qui ils s’adressent. La notion d’identité discursive journalistique permet d’observer l’effet émergent de pratiques routinières à un moment précis de leur évolution, car inconsciemment, les journalistes rédigent leurs articles en conformité avec la manière constituant la norme au moment où ils écrivent leurs textes. Ce concept nous permet alors de déceler, à l’aide d’indicateurs microtextuels et macrotextuels, les conséquences de ces rapports dans la production de l’énonciation journalistique. L’institution judiciaire et les entreprises de presse sont deux organisations de nature discursive, chacune possédant son système de valeurs, ses propres significations, son public cible, ses objectifs, bref, son système sémiotique spécifique. En ce sens, lorsque les journalistes rendent compte de ce qui se produit devant les tribunaux, ils mettent en discours un discours déjà construit une première fois par la justice et ses représentants. Selon qu’ils possèdent une identité discursive plus ou moins forte, les journalistes se permettront de modifier ou au contraire de reproduire le plus fidèlement possible, l’énonciation originale. Ainsi, en 1950, sans qu’ils en soient nécessairement conscients, les journalistes s’appliquent à construire la nouvelle en privilégiant la logique énonciative et les intérêts de l’institution judiciaire, comme si le rôle attendu d’eux en était un de rapporteur. Les valeurs rattachées aux acteurs du premier niveau sémiotique demeurent donc prédominantes dans les articles de presse. À la fin de la période étudiée, il apparaît évident que l’identité discursive des journalistes se trouve renforcée. Ils se distancient de la sémiotique judiciaire en remaniant l’énonciation originale. La prédominance des valeurs associées à la justice va de plus en plus s’estomper au moment de la seconde sémiotisation, désormais construite en fonction de la logique énonciative des journalistes et de leur évaluation de ce que désirent les lecteurs, ce qui contribue par la suite à conforter, voire affermir, leur statut social et professionnel.

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41

Fromm, Wikström Linda. ""Han har kommit i trotsåldern" : En jämförande SFG-analys av hur synen på barn skrivs fram och konstrueras i texter från 1950-talet och 2010-talet." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Avdelningen för forskning och utbildning i modern svenska (FUMS), 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-295826.

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42

Shivlani, Manoj. "The Impacts of Fisheries Management on the Performance and Resiliency of the Commercial Fishing Industry and Fishing Communities in the Florida Keys (Monroe County, Florida) from 1950-2010." FIU Digital Commons, 2014. http://digitalcommons.fiu.edu/etd/1234.

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Commercial fisheries in the Florida Keys have experienced a significant decline in participation and harvest over the past two decades, with over half of the fishers exiting the fishery since 1990 and a 50-70% decline in annual landings compared to previous decades. The conventional narrative of fisheries management identifies overfishing and overcapacity as the malaise endemic to open-access fisheries systems, for which the remedy offered is technocratic management. Technocratic management, which seeks to restore ecological integrity and economic efficiency, has been increasingly employed in the Florida Keys, in the form of limited access and property rights measures. I contend that the technocratic management approach is flawed and in a large part responsible for the decline of Florida Keys fisheries because the approach has ignored social sustainability, leading to a significant reduction in fisher participation, the fragmentation of fishing communities, and erosion of social capital. Technocratic management has also underestimated the importance of non-fishery factors, unique to place, and these factors – including population, tourism, and globalization factors – have exacerbated the impacts of management measures. The net result has been the opening up of scarce and valuable coastal space, which was previously occupied by fishers, fish houses and processors, and other fisheries infrastructure, to conversion for non-working waterfront uses. While measures have been undertaken to foster fisher participation and slow down waterfront conversion, these have largely failed due to the measures’ inability to address the core problem, which is the flawed management approach that undermines social sustainability. I provide a revised, comprehensive fisheries management framework that, if implemented, can at least address some of the technocratic management’s shortcomings and prevent further decline in fisher participation and fisheries decline.

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Paleczny, Michelle. "An analysis of temporal and spatial patterns in global seabird abundance during the modern industrial era, 1950-2010, and the relationship between global seabird decline and marine fisheries catch." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/43631.

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Seabird populations worldwide are threatened by anthropogenic activities including hunting, introduced predators, habitat destruction, pollution, and fisheries, yet the cumulative effects of these threats on seabird populations is difficult to assess because seabird population studies are mainly limited to small temporal and spatial scales. The present study used global databases of seabird abundance, seabird distribution, and fisheries catch, to estimate global annual seabird population size, overall and by seabird family, 1950-2010; map observed global seabird population change within the same timeframe; and compare temporal and spatial patterns in seabird decline with fisheries, a major threat for which global temporally and spatially explicit data is available throughout the modern industrial era. The global seabird population was estimated to decline by 25% during the modern industrial era, from 1.023 billion individuals in 1950 to 0.768 billion individuals in 2010, and overall decline was observed in eleven of the fourteen seabird families. Maps of observed seabird population change indicated decline covering 90% of the world’s marine surface area, and most severe in the southern temperate and tropical oceans. There was a significant positive relationship between annual seabird decline and annual forage fish catch (a metric of forage fish depletion), as well as between observed seabird decline per spatial cell and year of maximum primary production to support fisheries per marine spatial cell (a metric of the timing of peak ecological footprint of fisheries), both indicating that fisheries presence may play a role in shaping spatial and temporal patterns in global seabird population change. The present study identifies the temporally, taxonomically and spatially pervasive nature of global seabird decline during the modern industrial era and a potentially globally important role of fisheries in this global seabird decline, thus indicating the need for a large-scale and precautionary approach to seabird and marine ecosystem management.

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Carrillo, García Germán. "Historia agraria y organización social en la Costa Austral de Ecuador, 1950-2010. Estudio de caso de una cooperativa agrícola :la Unión Regional de Organizaciones Campesinas del Litoral, Urocal." Doctoral thesis, Universidad de Murcia, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/119737.

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A partir de 1950 se iniciaron en Ecuador transformaciones de carácter radical en todos los ámbitos. El país se insertó en la órbita internacional tras la segunda guerra mundial a partir de la expansión del monocultivo de banano. Las Reformas Agrarias de 1964 y 1973, en el marco de la Revolución Verde, cambiaron los escenarios y los actores del mundo rural. La modernización del campo dejó atrás el gamonalismo serrano y las aparcerías en la costa para ir adecuando las relaciones laborales y sociales al sistema capitalista. Las economías campesinas se resintieron de un modelo de desarrollo ajeno a su racionalidad y, pronto, el campesinado, que había luchado por la tierra, conformó un nuevo proletariado rural en las modernas explotaciones agrícolas. Ciertos grupos de campesinos y campesinas se mancomunaron en torno a cooperativas agrícolas, lo que de una u otra manera abriría posibilidades para su supervivencia. El estudio de caso de la organización campesina UROCAL (Unión Regional de Organizaciones Campesinas del Litoral) es representativo de los cambios aducidos en el mundo rural ecuatoriano, especialmente en la costa austral del Ecuador. The country entered the international orbit after the Second World War thanks to the expansion of the cultivation of banana. Agrarian Reforms of 1964 and 1973, in the frame of "The Green Revolution" changed the scene and actors in this rural world. The modernitation of the countryside left behind the highland feudalism and the coastal share-croppings to adecuate laboral and social relatioships to the capitalism system. Rural economies resisted a model of development far away from its racionalism and soon, the country working-class, that had fought for the land, created a new rural proletarian class at the modern agrarian exploitations. Certain groups of peasants joined to create the new agrarian cooperatives, what somehow opened new possibilities for survival. The case of UROCAL (Regional Union of Coastal Agrarian Organizations) is representative of those changes that happened in the ecuadorian rural world, specially on the austral coast of the country.

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Lépinay, Thomas. "Le pouvoir des rapports : la Cour des comptes, du jugement des comptes à l’évaluation des politiques publiques (années 1950 – années 2010) : contribution à une histoire des grands corps de l’État." Thesis, Paris 1, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020PA01D022.

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Entre l’après-guerre et le début du XXIe siècle, la Cour des comptes, grand corps de l’État dont les membres ont pour la plupart compté parmi les meilleurs élèves de l’ENA, a connu une trajectoire singulière : autrefois cantonnée au jugement des comptes publics, elle a progressivement étendu ses missions vers des tâches réputées plus politiques. De surcroît, ce changement ne s’est pas fait dans la discrétion : la Cour est devenue dans le même temps une institution fortement médiatisée. En d’autres termes, les magistrats ont construit de nouveaux publics, ont renouvelé leur profession et ont déplacé la « frontière » entre le politique et l’administratif. Au rebours des approches traditionnelles sur les grands corps de l’État, qui tendent à mettre l’accent sur les circulations des membres hors de l’institution, l’hypothèse développée est que les membres du corps ont modelé leur travail quotidien dans les murs, c’est-à-dire l’écriture de rapports, pour renforcer leur position au sommet de l’État. La thèse interroge ainsi les évolutions des formes de contrôle de la Cour en les contextualisant dans les transformations de l’État. Elle examine ensuite la manière dont les acteurs ont fait reconnaître leur expertise par des publics variés. Elle entre enfin dans la boîte noire de la production et de la réception des rapports, pour comprendre comment une institution peut être durablement reconnue comme « lieu neutre ». L’approche retenue utilise les outils de la sociologie des institutions et de la réputation organisationnelle. Elle exploite divers matériaux : entretiens, archives écrites et orales, observations, analyse de la presse et de rapports publics Between the 1950s and the beginning of the 21st Century, the Cour des comptes (the French Audit Office), an administrative and financial court and grand corps de l’État whose members are primarily recruited among the top-students of the École nationale d’administration (ENA), has had a peculiar trajectory. While its mandate previously entailed verifying the proper handling of public money, it gradually expanded to include duties deemed more political, such as evaluating public policies. Furthermore, the Cour became a highly-publicized institution. In other words, the magistrates modernized their role, gained new audiences (Parliament, media) and blurred the line between bureaucracy and politics. Eschewing traditional approaches of the grands corps de l’État that focus on how agents circulate within and outside the French State, this dissertation argues that Cour members have institutionalized their auditing and report writing duties in order to strengthen their position at the highest levels of the State. It draws on interviews, oral histories, written archives, ethnography and the analysis of press and official reports, and combines sociological approaches of organizational reputation and institutions. This work first shows how, within a broader context where the State itself was transforming, the role of the magistrates changed as the Cour’s power evolved. It then explains how new and more diverse audiences legitimated and used the expertise of the Cour. Finally, it examines how official reports are produced and received, and in such analyzes how a public institution can lastingly be recognised as “neutral”

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Rodríguez, Darío Andrés. "Liderazgos presidenciales en tiempos de crisis y transformaciones de los formatos representativos en la democracia argentina : los casos de Carlos Menem (1989-1995) y Néstor Kirchner (2003-2007) en perspectiva comparada." Paris, Institut d'études politiques, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012IEPP0052.

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La catégorie de leadership politique constituera le noyau analytique de la présente recherche, notre intérêt spécifique étant de l’aborder à partir tant des nouveaux traits qui définissent les médiations représentatives de la démocratie argentique qu’à travers les situations de crise que cette dernière a connues durant les dernières décennies. Concrètement, notre travail se centrera sur l’étude comparatiste des processus d’émergence, de constitution et de consolidation qui marquèrent les leaderships présidentiels de Carlos Menem (1989-1995) et de Néstor Kirchner (2003-2007), cherchant à décomposer, en particulier, le processus de légitimation de leurs positions d’autorité. Les interrogations centrales qui organisèrent notre travail de recherche sont : comment penser le phénomène du leadership politique ? Depuis quelle optique théorico-analytique pouvons-nous l’aborder en fonction des objectifs proposés ici ? De même, une fois installé sur le terrain particulier de la démocratie argentine, nous nous demanderons, en termes plus généraux, comment furent possibles le ménémisme et le kirchnérisme ? Comment peut-on interpréter tant l’origine que le devenir des leaderships politiques de Menem et de Kirchner ? De plus, dans le domaine plus spécifique de la comparaison : quelles ruptures et continuités pouvons-nous observer en analysant ces processus ? Et, finalement, quelles conclusions pouvons-nous extraire de cet exercice vis-à-vis de l’état qui définit, ces derniers temps, la démocratie argentine et ses médiations représentatives ? The political leadership category will be the analytical core of this research. Our specific interest is to approach it from the new paths that define representative mediations in Argentina democracy, as considering the crises situations it has gone through during the last decades. Mainly, our work will be focused on the comparative study of emergency, formation and consolidation processes that have signed the presidential leaderships of Carlos Menem (1989-1995) and Nestor Kirchner (2003-2007) by seeking to unravel the legitimation processes of their authority charges. The key questions that will guide our research are: how to think about political leadership? From what theoretical and analytical perspective is better to approach it considering the objectives proposed? In addition to them, regarding Argentina democracy in particular we ask in general: how were possible the “menemismo” and “kirchnerismo”? How do we interpret both the origin and the evolution of political leaderships of Menem and Kirchner? In strictly comparative terms we wonder what turns and continuities can be observed concerning these processes. And finally, which conclusions about Argentina democracy and representative mediations during the last years are we able to state after this study?

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Lacasse, Andrée-Anne. "L'institutionnalisation de l'enfance déviante : le cas de l'Hospice Saint-Charles (1870-1950)." Thesis, Université Laval, 2010. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2010/27829/27829.pdf.

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Aponte, Bustamante Mayra Antonia. "Impacto de la apertura comercial en el crecimiento económico del Perú 1950-2008." Universidad de San Martín de Porres. Programa Cybertesis PERÚ, 2010. http://cybertesis.usmp.edu.pe/usmp/2010/aponte_ma/html/index-frames.html.

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Bajo la hipótesis de que la apertura comercial tiene un impacto positivo en el crecimiento económico, es que se da inicio a este trabajo de investigación.Durante el período comprendido entre 1950-2008, se han dado una serie de acontecimientos históricos, políticos y económicos en la historia del Perú que explican las causas del crecimiento y colapso económico. Brevemente se reseñan los hechos más importantes de los gobiernos y las políticas arancelarias y económicas; llevadas a cabo durante el horizonte en estudio, a fin de explicar las razones que en algunos casos dieron origen al ansiado crecimiento económico We begin this research work under the hypothesis that trade openness has a positive impact on economic growth. During the period between the years of 1950-2008, a series of historical, political and economic events took place in the history of Peru, which will explain the causes of economic growth and collapse. The most important facts of the governments, as well as tariff and economic politics performed on the horizon under study, are briefly reviewed in order to explain the reasons why some cases gave origin to the longed economic growth

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Piontkewicz, Claudio Marcio, Adolfo Ramos Lamar, and Universidade Regional de Blumenau Programa de Pós-Graduação em Educação. "O processo educativo para a emergência da pessoa na abordagem personalista Mounieriana /." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações FURB, 2010. http://www.bc.furb.br/docs/DS/2010/345231_1_1.PDF.

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Cousson, Anne. "Droits de l'homme au Royaume-Uni entre 1998 et 2010 : entre politique nationale et droit international." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016USPCA143/document.

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Les droits de l’homme au Royaume-Uni sont un objet de vif débat, à la frontière entre le domaine juridique et le domaine politique. L’une des toutes premières mesures du gouvernement de Tony Blair a été de faire voter une loi en 1998 incorporant la Convention européenne des droits de l’homme au droit national, transformant ainsi sa protection à l’échelle nationale. Pourtant, les faiblesses de la loi sont rapidement apparues et elle a été remise en cause. En outre, le gouvernement a dû faire des choix politiques pour mettre en œuvre la protection des droits de l’homme. L’évolution de celle-ci a pu être paradoxale : d’un côté le droit à l’égalité a été renforcé et élargi, quand, de l’autre, le développement d’une politique sécuritaire a entraîné de nombreuses limites aux libertés individuelles. Enfin, les cours britanniques ont pu participer à la création de nouveaux droits comme le droit à la vie privée, qui est apparu dans le droit britannique. Tous les changements législatifs ont entraîné un changement dans la distribution des pouvoirs au Royaume-Uni, tant à l’échelle nationale, où le pouvoir exécutif a été renforcé, qu’à l’échelle européenne, où les pouvoirs des cours internationales a été perçu comme une ingérence dans la souveraineté du Parlement britannique. La politique des droits de l’homme des gouvernements de Tony Blair et Gordon Brown a donc été pétrie de contradictions, entre un engagement réel pour la défense de certains droits et les limites apportés à certains autres pour défendre la sécurité, et entre une volonté d’intégration dans l’UE et une réaction à un euroscepticisme croissant In the United Kingdom, human rights have been strongly debated, both in the legal and political fields. One of the very first measures taken by the government of Tony Blair in 1998 has been to pass the Human Rights Act, a law incorporating the European convention on human rights into national law, therefore transforming the protection of human rights at the national level. However, the flaws of the Human Rights Act have appeared and it was contested soon after its passage. Furthermore, the government had to make political choices to implement in practice the protection of human rights. Their evolution can be considered paradoxical: the right to equality was strengthened and included more varied elements while the development of a strong security policy caused some civil liberties to be severely constrained. The British courts have also been able to participate in the creation of new rights, like the right to privacy which did not have an independent existence in English law until the courts recognised it, under European influence. The legal changes in the protection of human rights have caused a change in the way power is distributed in the United Kingdom, both at a national level, where the executive branch was strengthened, and in the relationship with Europe, where the power of international courts has been seen as infringing on British sovereignty. The human rights policies of the Blair and Brown governments, therefore, has been fraught with contradictions, living somewhere between the stronger protection of some rights and the tighter restraints created to defend security, and between the desire to participate more fully in European integration while still having to deal with growing Euroscepticism

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic '1950-2010'

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