Academic literature on the topic '1951 united nations refugee convention'
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Journal articles on the topic "1951 united nations refugee convention"
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Radityo, Gibson, and Ida Kurnia. "PENGUSIRAN MASSAL PENGUNGSI AFRIKA UTARA DARI JERMAN DAN PERMASALAHANNYA." Jurnal Hukum Adigama 1, no. 1 (July 30, 2018): 1164. http://dx.doi.org/10.24912/adigama.v1i1.2200.
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United Nation High Commissioner of Refugee (UNHCR) is an internasional organization made under United Nations (UN) specifically for asylum seeker and refugee issues. As an international organization, UNHCR have a legal personality which is give them power to do such a legal action, yet from that power make UNHCR also gets its rights and respondsibility. According to UNHCR statute, Vienna Convention 1951 and Protocol 1967, one of UNHCR respondsibility is to protect and keep the refugee safe and make sure the third parties nation do all the responsibility to keep and protect the refugee. But how, if there is an issue that a nation break the international convention for refugee by force the refugee back to their home, yet the refugees already proved to do crimes againts the third parties nation policy? yet if the refugees forced back to their origin couuntry, they will be threathened, so how suppose the UNHCR as an international organization for refugee do according to the UNHCR statute and Convention of refugees?in that case it will give a responsibility for UNHCR to solve the issue for the refugee. As the case above, the author have an insterest to summarizes the issue as my thesis.
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Betts, Alexander. "The Normative Terrain of the Global Refugee Regime." Ethics & International Affairs 29, no. 4 (2015): 363–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0892679415000350.
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The global refugee regime encompasses the rules, norms, principles, and decision-making procedures that govern states' responses to refugees. It comprises a set of norms, primarily those entrenched in the 1951 Convention relating to the Status of Refugees, which defines who is a refugee and the rights to which such people are entitled. It also comprises an international organization, the Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR), which has supervisory responsibility for ensuring that states meet their obligations toward refugees.
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Gibson, Miah. "An International Convention on Refugee Resettlement." Deakin Law Review 24 (August 30, 2019): 175–212. http://dx.doi.org/10.21153/dlr2019vol24no1art877.
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Forced migration has been the subject of intense debate in the past 50 years and has spawned a wealth of literature as a result. Few commentators, however, have considered the value or viability of an international agreement on refugee resettlement that would include mandatory resettlement quotas. This article puts forward a proposal for an International Convention on Refugee Resettlement. Such a convention would, I argue, help to address some of the current limitations of resettlement as a solution to the increase in refugee numbers. Appendix 1 contains the suggested wording for such a convention, drawing on several international human rights treaties (particularly the 1951 Convention Relating to the Status of Refugees) as well as resettlement principles and policies set out by the Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees. Appendix 2 provides explanatory notes for the draft wording. It is hoped that such wording might be of use to those campaigning for the development of a binding, international agreement on resettlement.
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Keely, Charles B. "The International Refugee Regime(s): The End of the Cold War Matters." International Migration Review 35, no. 1 (March 2001): 303–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1747-7379.2001.tb00016.x.
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The purpose of this note is to present a schematic narrative and analysis of the development of the international response to refugees by states during the Cold War. The analysis focuses on the period from the statute creating the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees and the Convention on the Status of Refugees, both in 1951, through the end of the Cold War. The note supplements the analysis contained in an earlier theoretical article published in this journal in 1996 entitled “How Nation-States Create and Respond to Refugee Flows” (Keely, 1996). The views differ sharply from conventional wisdom but provide a better understanding of and an explanation for some contemporary difficulties regarding refugee and asylum policy, especially in the industrial countries, but also more generally globally.
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Stevens, Dallal. "What Do We Mean by Protection?" International Journal on Minority and Group Rights 20, no. 2 (2013): 233–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15718115-02002005.
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Protection is arguably the raison-d’être of refugee policy. Yet, surprisingly, the meaning of protection is not without ambiguity. ‘Domestic protection’ can be distinguished from ‘international protection’; the sense attributed to protection within the 1951 Refugee Convention contrasts with that of the 1950 United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) Statute. Equally, how the state interprets its protective obligations departs frequently from the practice of humanitarian organisations. Alongside such differences, there has been a proliferation of protection concepts in recent years which, far from improving understanding, have added unnecessary confusion and undermined the fundamental purpose of protection. This article considers the language of ‘protection’ within the refugee field and argues that protection proliferation must now be addressed and reversed.
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Salsabiil, Cinde, Dwi Nuryani, and Happy Herlambang. "Immigration Detention Supervision Urgency." Journal of Law and Border Protection 1, no. 1 (May 28, 2019): 35–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.52617/jlbp.v1i1.155.
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World War II was a war between the Allied Powers and the Axis Powers, both of which had extraordinary military power. Seeing the post-World War II conditions, many people lost their homes and families so that in order to realize human rights, the international community agreed to form the United Nations (UN) or the United Nations (UN) with the aim of strengthening international cooperation and preventing conflicts. upcoming conflict. In terms of protecting refugee rights, the United Nations established the legal basis for the Geneva Convention 1951 which is a guideline for the international community in providing protection for refugees. Australia was one of the countries that took part in ratifying the Geneva convention of 1951, while Indonesia was not one of the countries that ratified the convention. However, due to the geographic location of Indonesia as opposed to Australia, Indonesia has had the impact, namely the number of asylum seekers waiting for their refugee status and some of them are not clear because they are not included in the category of refugees by UNHCR. So that the author will explain how important the supervision of refugees in Indonesia is by the Immigration Detention Center or often referred to as Rudenim. In the Duties and Functions of Rudenim there is already a supervisory function but the subject of such supervision is detainees, while in Presidential Regulation No. 125 of 2016 concerning the Handling of Refugees from Abroad, Rudenim has the duty to supervise refugees in Indonesia, so that there are discrepancies between the regulations of the Rudenim Administration and the legal basis governing the handling of these refugees.
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Bakker, Felix Ferdin. "Establish ASEAN-AUSTRALIA Communication In Resolving Humanitarian Issues For International Asylum Seekers and Refugees." Veteran Law Review 4, no. 1 (April 16, 2021): 53. http://dx.doi.org/10.35586/velrev.v4i1.2630.
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The current problem of refugees cannot be handled with policies that address the root of the problem. The increasing number of refugees in the Southeast Asian region makes transit countries overwhelmed in dealing with this problem. On the other hand, as a refugee recipient country in the last ten years, Australia has had a strict policy in accepting refugees. Australia's approach to return refugee ships to a transit country is a controversial policy because Australia itself is a country that signed the 1951 convention on refugee status. On the other hand, the existence of refugees and asylum seekers has a significant impact on the local community's social changes, and the current refugee policy arrangement is still in the hands of UNHCR ( United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees) under the auspices of the United Nations. There has been no concrete communication to touch the root of the problem of refugees and asylum seekers. Through an enthusiastic approach and communication with community-based management between ASEAN countries and Australia, it is hoped that it can resolve human rights issues related to supervision to empower refugees in society to become citizens of a third country, in this case, Australia.
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Subkhi, Syukron, and Harmiyati Harmiyati. "PERAN UNHCR (UNITED NATIONS HIGH COMMISSIONER FOR REFUGEES) DALAM MENANGANI MASALAH PENGUNGSI SURIAH DI YUNANI (2014 – 2019)." Paradigma: Jurnal Masalah Sosial, Politik, dan Kebijakan 24, no. 1 (January 1, 2020): 523. http://dx.doi.org/10.31315/paradigma.v24i1.5027.
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The internal conflict in Syria took place since March 23, 2011. The anti-government period held a large demonstration in Daraa, Syria. This demonstration started the internal conflict between the Syrian Government and the opposition. The opposition group is a community movement demanding the resignation of Syrian President Bashar al-Assad. The role of the UNHCR (United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees) is needed to provide protection, and effective long-term solutions for Syrian refugees in Greece. Greece is the only gateway for Syrian refugees to enter European territory, after the Balkan countries and several other European countries shut down to accept refugees. Based on this background, this research found one problem formulation, namely how the role of UNHCR in dealing with Syrian refugees in Greece. In general, UNHCR has played a role in dealing with Syrian refugees in Greece, UNHCR carried out its role as; Instrument, by enforcing the 1951 UN Convention on refugees to member states; Arena, organizes various meetings and conferences to solve refugee problems; and Independent Actors namely meeting basic needs, clothing, food and shelter as well as refugee supervision. The role of UNHCR which can be seen to be very significant in overcoming the problem of Syrian refugees in Greece is as an independent actor which from the year of UNHCR's involvement directly in the field, provided an increase in the quality of life for Syrian refugees. While the UNHCR's obstacle was in upholding UNHCR member countries' compliance with the 1951 UN Convention.
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Sharpe, Marina. "The Supervision (or Not) of the 1969 OAU Refugee Convention." International Journal of Refugee Law 31, no. 2-3 (June 2019): 261–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ijrl/eez025.
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Abstract This article covers the supervision of the 1969 Organization of African Unity Convention Governing the Specific Aspects of Refugee Problems in Africa (1969 Convention). It begins by defining treaty supervision and describing key understandings of it in the international refugee law literature. These are then harnessed to create a model of supervision (the Supervisory Model) to frame the ensuing discussion. How the 1951 Convention relating to the Status of Refugees is supervised is presented within this Supervisory Model, by way of background. The article then moves on to its principal focus, beginning with an overview of the calls for, and claims regarding, supervision of the 1969 Convention. The need for supervision is then established based on two principal elements. First, the 1969 Convention’s incomplete implementation in States parties to the treaty, in both refugee status determination and in relation to rights guaranteed by the instrument. Secondly, existing bodies with quasi-supervisory or supervisory mandates – the African Commission on Human and Peoples’ Rights, the African Court on Human and Peoples’ Rights, and the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees – are not effectively redressing such implementation deficiencies. With the need for supervision established, a new supervisory mechanism is proposed and the procedural options to create it are outlined.
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Buff, Rachel Ida. "Sanctuary Everywhere." Radical History Review 2019, no. 135 (October 1, 2019): 14–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/01636545-7607809.
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Abstract This essay considers the historical roots of contemporary sanctuary practices. It traces these roots in the protocols adopted by the 1951 United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees Convention, tracing the contradictory implementation of these protocols in US policy and practice. It argues that the UNHCR Convention created a distinction between refugees and migrants that met challenges from sanctuary activists responding to the depredations of the US-backed “dirty wars” in Central America during the 1980s. The sanctuary movement contested this distinction, as did the subsequent evolution of immigration and refugee policy. In the current period, the erosion of this distinction by ascendant xenophobia also creates space for the emergence of new definitions and practices of the right to sanctuary and freedom of movement.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "1951 united nations refugee convention"
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Naidoo, Beulah Lilian. "South Africa’s diplomatic strategy on migrants, with specific reference to the United Nations refugee regime, 1994-2009." Diss., University of Pretoria, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/28629.
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South Africa is seen as a major destination for refugees and asylum-seekers and is, according to the 2010 Report of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees, the world’s highest destination country for asylum-seekers, mainly from Sub-Saharan Africa. Following the 1994 democratic elections, there was a transformation in foreign policy, embracing the African Agenda, and South Africa became a major country of destination because of its relative prosperity in Africa. As a State Party to the 1951 United Nations Refugee Convention on the Status of Refugees, South Africa is under a legal obligation to protect refugees and grant them legal rights. At the same time, South African citizens, who had legitimate aspirations that the 1994 democratic government would address their development challenges, opposed the significant flow of refugees into the country by violent acts of xenophobia. The government, seen as a moral authority internationally with human rights being a key principle underpinning its foreign policy, found itself between the promotion of the African Agenda and its commitments to its own citizens. The refugee issue was addressed in the United Nations where the government made multilateral diplomacy a central platform of its foreign policy, a policy embedded in Africa and the South. South Africa is used as a case study to determine how it used multilateral diplomacy in the United Nations refugee regime through its coalition, the African Group, to address the migration issue. The study draws out the weaknesses of the international refugee regime by discussing the roles of two important diplomatic actors: the sovereign states in the United Nations General Assembly, and the international organization mandated to supervise the international refugee regime, the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees. South Africa’s foreign policy objective of promoting the African Agenda at times conflicts with the promotion of its national interest. Its progressive Constitution (1996) provides economic, social, and cultural rights to refugees, to the resentment of its own citizens, who view the refugees as beneficiaries of the United Nations. The study provides a critical analysis of South Africa’s multilateral diplomacy, and also provides the following recommendations where South Africa could use this mode more effectively to address the migration issue: Reform the international refugee regime; Allocate funds from the United Nations regularly assessed budget to the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees; and, Develop an international normative regulatory framework for irregular migrants.Dissertation (MDiplomatic Studies)--University of Pretoria, 2012.
Political Sciences
Unrestricted
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Kandji, Amadou Dramé. "L'appréhension internationale de l'asile : de Fridtjof Nansen jusqu'à la Convention de Genève de 1951." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Aix-Marseille, 2020. http://theses.univ-amu.fr.lama.univ-amu.fr/200212_KANDJI_753s730iewzeq999xijlv154kby_TH.pdf.
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Le propos de cette thèse est de faire ressortir non seulement la spécificité du droit d'asile, mais également de redéfinir la Convention de Genève de 1951 relative au statut des réfugiés. En effet, à la sortie de la Première Guerre mondiale, les réfugiés russes, arméniens et d'Asie Mineure furent déchus de leurs droits nationaux par leurs États d'origine respectifs. Ils furent collectivement placés sous la protection compensatoire de la Société des Nations car l'engagement en faveur des réfugiés occupait une place importante. C'est dans cette optique que fut créé le 27 juin 1921, le Haut-Commissaire de la SDN dirigé par le docteur Nansen, dont le nom et l'action sont devenus des symboles de dévouement à la cause des réfugiés dans le monde. La mission de Fridtjof Nansen était d'assurer la protection juridique des réfugiés. Ainsi, il créa le "Passeport Nansen", première protection juridique dans l'histoire du droit international. La naissance de la Convention de Genève du 28 juillet 1951 et du Protocole de 1967 permet aux Etats de formuler quelques grilles d'interprétation relative à la protection des réfugiés. Cette Convention de 1951 reste le fondement du droit international relatif aux réfugiés et sa définition du réfugié est l'élément de base principal permettant d'établir le statut de réfugié d'une personne. Le droit d'asile en France est prévu par le quatrième alinéa du Préambule de la Constitution de 1946 qui posa pour affirmation que "tout homme persécuté en raison de son action en faveur de la liberté a droit à l'asile". Quant à la Suisse, après sa ratification de la Convention le 14 décembre 1954, souscrit à la version la plus large de la définition du réfugiéThe aim of this thesis is not only put forward the specificity of the right of asylum, but also to redefine the Geneva Convention of 1951 which focuses on the status of the refugees. At the end of the First World War, the Russian, Armenian and Asia Minor immigrants were stripped of their national rights by their countries. They were put under the complementary protection of the United Nation Society because the commitment toward the refugees held a very important place. It was with this in mind that on the 29th of June 1921 was created what we call the High Commission of the SDN directed by the doctor Fridtjof Nansen, who's name and mission have become symbols of the devotion to refugees in the world. Fridtjof Nansen's mission was to assure the judicial protection of these refugees. That is why he created the "Passport Nansen" the first judicial protection of refugees in the history of international law. The birth of the Geneva Convention of the 28th July 1951 and the Protocol of 1967 allows the states to create a handful of interpretation grids in relation to the protection of the refugees. This Convention remains the foundation of the International law that’s linked to the refugees and the definition of a refugee is the underlying element that allows us to establish the refugee status of an individual. The right to asylum in France is founded in the fourth paragraph of the preamble in the Constitution of 1946 and says the following statement "any man persecuted because of this action in favor of his liberty has the right to asylum". Switzerland on the other hand, after the approval of the Convention adopted the version that has the larger definition of the refugee
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Castillo, Justine. "Les interprètes de la Convention de Genève du 28 juillet 1951 relative au statut des réfugiés : Étude du point de vue de la France." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016BORD0062/document.
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Plus de soixante ans après son adoption, la Convention de Genève compte 145 États parties.Instrument juridique universel sur le statut des réfugiés, elle est la lex specialis du droit international desréfugiés. Qui est réfugié ? Quelle protection lui est accordée ? Ces deux questions se posent avec uneacuité certaine du fait de l’accroissement des flux migratoires, des crises multiples et de la lutte contre leterrorisme. Le contexte actuel de l’application de la Convention est différent de celui de son adoption.Rédigée par la voie de dispositions générales, elle doit être interprétée pour être appliquée. Cependant, iln’existe pas un interprète. Si les États, le Haut Commissariat des Nations Unies pour les réfugiés et laCour internationale de justice sont les interprètes officiels, ils ne sont pas les seuls. L’Office français deprotection des réfugiés et apatrides et la Cour nationale du droit d’asile jouent un rôle important et la Coureuropéenne des droits de l’homme et la Cour de justice de l’Union européenne jouent un rôle grandissant.Cette multiplicité d’interprètes peut causer une diversité d’interprétations. Or, les interprétationsdivergentes nuisent à la lisibilité et la visibilité de la Convention en tant qu’instrument de définition et deprotection des réfugiés. La présente étude est une analyse de la contribution des interprètes aux évolutionsde la Convention. Dans cette perspective, la prolifération des instruments du droit européen etinternational des droits de l’homme et la complexification des déplacements contraints de personnes sontdes paramètres incontournables, pris en compte par les interprètes, pour éclairer le sens et la portée de laConventionMore than sixty years after its adoption, the Geneva Convention counts 145 States ascontracting Parties. This universal legal instrument on refugee’s status represents the lex specialis ofinternational refugee Law. Who can be a refugee? What can be his level of protection? These questionsare particularly relevant under the influence of the increasing population flows, the multiples crises andthe fight against terrorism. The current context of the Convention’s application is different than the one ofits adoption. And due to its general provisions, this Convention needs to be interpreted in order to beapplied. However, there is no sole interpreter. The States, the United Nations High Commissioner forRefugees and the International Court of Justice are indeed the official interpreters, but not the only onesensuring this mission. Not only the French Office for the Protection of Refugees and Stateless Persons andthe National Court of Asylum play an important role in this matter, but the European Court of HumanRights and the Court of Justice of the European Union also play an expanding role. This multiplicity ofinterpreters can induce a variety of interpretations. Nevertheless, a divergent interpretation can affect thereadability and the visibility of the Convention as a refugee defining and protective legal instrument. Thepresent study constitutes an analysis of the interpreters’ contribution to the Convention’s developments. Inthis perspective, the overgrowth of European and International Human Rights Law instrument and thecomplexity of forced migration are ineluctable feature, taken into account by the interpreters, to clarify themeaning and the scope of the Convention
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Clarin, Malin. "Climate refugees, refugees or under own protection? : A comparative study between climate refugees and refugees embraced by the United Nations Refugee Convention." Thesis, Karlstads universitet, Fakulteten för samhälls- och livsvetenskaper, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kau:diva-7685.
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Global warming is a current topic on the international agenda. The rise of temperature in the atmosphere threatens populations living on island, deltas and coastal areas, and people living nearby the Arctic and areas covered by permafrost are threatened. In turn this leads to the people in these areas being projected to be homeless or displaced due to climate change and the rising numbers of natural disasters. Those people are what you can label as climate refugees. According to IOM and Brown (2001) climate refugees are persons who for compelling reasons of change in the environment which change their living conditions have to escape their homes, either within their country or abroad.The United Nations Refugee Convention is the binding legislation followed by 147 (in 2008) of the UN member states. Either the UN Refugee Convention or any other international law recognizes climate refugees, and those people are due to that not granted any legal status. Who will protect these people when they have to escape their homes? This paper aims to explore what distinguish climate refugees from the refugees embraced by the UN Refugee Convention by a comparative literature review, for in this way be able to recognize the assumptions that make the United Nations to not classify climate refugees with refugee status. Both groups of refugees has in common that they live under the pressured decision they have to make as they flee their native homes to ensure their own and their families survival according to Grove (2006).In the long run both climate refugees and the UN Refugee Convention embraced refugees face the same traumatic experiences escaping their homes and have due to that the similar right to get the same mental help and be protected under international law. But populations facing the effects of global warming do not want to leave their land and believe it is an issue of human rights.
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Tissier-Raffin, Marion. "La qualité de refugié de l’article 1 de la Convention de Genève à la lumiere des jurisprudences occidentales : (Australie – Belgique – Canada – Etats-Unis – France – Grande-Bretagne – Nouvelle-Zélande)." Thesis, Paris 10, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA100092.
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Plus de soixante ans après sa signature, qui sont les personnes bénéficiaires de la qualité de réfugié au sens de l’article 1A de la Convention de Genève relative au statut de réfugié de 1951? En effet, si cette convention compte parmi les plus ratifiées au monde et n’a jamais été remise en cause, celle-ci fait pourtant l’objet de polémiques croissantes portant sur sa capacité à protéger les personnes contraintes de s’exiler. Elle s’applique par ailleurs dans un contexte politique de suspicion grandissante à l’égard des demandeurs d’asile. On peut donc se demander qui sont aujourdh’ui les personnes qui se voient reconnaître la qualité de réfugié ? A cette fin, l’étude s’appuie sur une analyse comparée des jurisprudences de plusieurs pays occidentaux : Australie – Belgique - Canada - Etats-Unis - France – Grande-Bretagne – Nouvelle-Zélande. Elle s’appuie aussi sur une analyse systémique de l’article 1A et ses interprétations jurisprudentielles à la lumière des évolutions du droit international des droits de l’homme et du droit international humanitaire. Ainsi, l’analyse met en lumière plusieurs points. Plus que les motifs invoqués ou la nature des mauvais traitements craints, c’est sur le caractère individuel ou collectif des persécutions que se dessine une ligne de fracture entre les Etats occidentaux. En effet, ces derniers ont, de manière convergente, fait évoluer leur interprétation de la qualité de réfugié quand les requérants invoquent des persécutions individuelles. C’est ainsi que les individus craignant d’être persecutés en raison de l’expression de leurs opinions politiques ou religieuses dissidentes, ou du libre exercice de leurs droits fondamentaux, quel que soit leur genre ou leur orientation sexuelle, se voient aujourd’hui communément reconnaître la qualité de réfugié. Dans le cadre de ces persécutions individuelles, les Etats ont aussi développé de manière convergente une interprétation assouplie des agents de persécution, acceptant ainsi de protéger les personnes fuyant des mauvais traitements perpétrés par des agents étatiques et des personnes privées. En revanche, il existe encore de nombreuses divergences entre les Etats lorsque les individus revendiquent fuir des persécutions collectives. S’appuyant sur la reconnaissance d’une interprétation plus ou moins individualiste de la qualité de réfugié, les personnes craignant d’être persécutées en raison de leur race, de leur nationalité ou de leur appartenance à un groupe religieux ne doivent pas satisfaire aux mêmes exigences pour se voir reconnaître la qualité de réfugié. Et dans le contexte actuel où de plus en plus de personnes fuient des persécutions collectives perpétrées dans un Etat en situation de conflit armé, ces divergences sont d’autant plus importantesSixty years after its signatory, who can be qualify as a refugee under the 1951 Refugee Convention relating to the Status of Refugee ? If it is one of the most ratified treaty of the world, it’s relevance have nevertheless recently been questioned and some commentators don’t hesitate to speak of an outdated Convention. Moreover, it applies in a political context of clear suspicion against asylum-seekers. So, we can wonder who can nowadays qualify as a refugee among the million of persons fleeing their home ? To answer to this question, the study focuses on judicial review of many industrialized countries, such as Australia – Belgium – Canada – United States – France – Great-Britain and New Zealand. A systemic interpretation of Article 1A and its judicial interpretation in the light of both international human right law and international humanitarian law also helps to conduce the study. First, the analyse reveals that it is not on the motives of persecution neither the nature of the treatment feared that we can observe similarities or differences between the countries. It is on individual or collective persecutions. When asylum seekers look for international protection based on individual persecutions, States have commonly adopted a dynamic interpretation of article 1A . Persons who have a well-founded fear of being persecuted because they have freely express their dissent political or religious opinion, their sexual orientation, or because they refuse to conform to the roles and identities attributing to their gender, can be recognised as refugees in all the countries of the study. In the context of individual persecutions, States have also commonly developed an evolutive interpretation of the persecution agents. They protect all the persons who risk to be persecuted by state agents or non-state agents. On the contrary, there are many continuing and growing divergences between States when persons flee collective persecutions because of their race, their nationality of their belonging to a religious group. They keep on developing a different interpretation of the individualist definition of the refugee. And while more and more person ask for international protection because they flee collective persecutions during an armed conflict, these divergences are even more important
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Korsakoff, Alexandra. "Vers une définition genrée du réfugié : étude de droit français." Thesis, Normandie, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018NORMC018.
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Cette thèse se donne pour objet de tester, dans le contexte spécifique du droit français, la véracité et la pérennité des critiques féministe puis genrée de la définition du réfugié consistant à dénoncer la non-prise en compte des persécutions subies par les femmes et les minorités sexuelles dans le cadre de l’élection audit statut. Et c’est un constat mitigé qui ressort de l’étude car, en dépit des nombreuses pressions internationales et européennes invitant à une analyse genrée de la notion, ces critiques héritées des années 1980 apparaissent, dans une large mesure, encore d’actualité. Certes, le phénomène d’exclusion des persécutions liées au genre qu’elles dénonçaient s’est quelque peu affaibli, en ce que les persécutions subies par les femmes et les membres des minorités sexuelles ne sont, par principe, plus exclues du champ de la définition du réfugié. Mais il n’existe cependant toujours pas de volonté, politique ou juridictionnelle, visant à les intégrer pleinement dans l’analyse. En effet, les efforts consentis pour leur prise en compte se révèlent encore insuffisants, laissant demeurer des obstacles subtils à leur intégration, des obstacles d’autant plus délicats à identifier et à surmonterThe purpose of this thesis is to test, in the specific context of French law, the veracity and durability of feminist and gendered review of the refugee definition, which consists in denouncing the failure to take into account persecutions suffered by women and sexual minorities in the election process. It is a mixed conclusion that emerges from the study because, despite the numerous international and European pressures calling for a gendered analysis of the concept, these criticisms inherited from the 1980s still appear, to a large extent, to be relevant. Admittedly, the exclusion of gender-related persecution that they denounced has somewhat weakened, because persecutions suffered by women and members of sexual minorities are no longer excluded, as a matter of principle, from the scope of the refugee definition. However, there is still no political or jurisdictional will to fully integrate them into the analysis. Indeed, the efforts made to take them into account are still insufficient, leaving subtle obstacles to their integration, obstacles that are all the more difficult to identify and overcome
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Carreiro, Fatima Gomes. "Implementation of the United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child and social inclusion among refugee children in Canada and Sweden." 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/1993/14412.
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Refugee children often experience social exclusion upon arrival in their new host countries. The United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child (CRC) obligates States to ensure the social inclusion of all children, including refuges. While all but two countries have ratified the CRC, few have fully implemented it. In this thesis, I tested the hypothesis that the social inclusion of refugee children will be greater in a country that has more fully implemented the CRC (Sweden) than in a country where implementation is weaker (Canada). The results of a policy analysis supported the hypothesis. The findings of this study will contribute to the development of methods to measure the implementation of the CRC, as well as to our understanding of the relationships among human rights, domestic policy and children’s well-being.
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Hilmy, Hanny. "Sovereignty, Peacekeeping, and the United Nations Emergency Force (UNEF), Suez 1956-1967: Insiders’ Perspectives." Thesis, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/1828/5888.
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This research is concerned with the complex and contested relationship between the sovereign prerogatives of states and the international imperative of defusing world conflicts. Due to its historical setting following World War Two, the national vs. international staking of claims was framed within the escalating imperial-nationalist confrontation and the impending “end of empire”, both of which were significantly influenced by the role Israel played in this saga. The research looks at the issue of “decolonization” and the anti-colonial struggle waged under the leadership of Egypt’s President Nasser. The Suez War is analyzed as the historical event that signaled the beginning of the final chapter in the domination of the European empires in the Middle East (sub-Saharan decolonization followed beginning in the early 1960s), and the emergence of the United States as the new major Western power in the Middle East.
The Suez experience highlighted a stubborn contest between the defenders of the concept of “sovereign consent” and the advocates of “International intervention”. Both the deployment of the United Nations Emergency Force (UNEF) and its termination were surrounded by controversy and legal-political wrangling. The role of UNEF and UN peacekeeping operations in general framed the development of a new concept for an emerging international human rights law and crisis management. The UNEF experience, moreover, brought into sharp relief the need for a conflict resolution component for any peace operation. International conflict management, and human rights protection are both subject to an increasing interventionist international legal regime. Consequently, the traditional concept of “sovereignty” is facing increasing challenge.
By its very nature, the subject matter of this multi-dimensional research involves historical, political and international legal aspects shaping the research’s content and conclusions. The research utilizes the experience and contributions of several key participants in this pioneering peacekeeping experience. In the last chapter, recommendations are made –based on all the elements covered in the research- to suggest contributions to the evolving UN ground rules for international crisis intervention and management.Graduate
hilmyh@uvic.ca
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Mubanga, Christopher Kapangalwendo. "Protecting Eritrean refugees' access to basic human rights in Ethiopia: an analysis of Ethiopian refugee law." Diss., 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/23205.
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Eritrean refugees are compelled to flee their country mainly to avoid forced conscription into indefinite military service, arbitrary arrest and detention for prolonged periods without trial. The majority of Eritrean refugees are young people, who leave their country in search of a better life and sources of livelihoods. The mass migration of Eritrean refugees has started to have adverse effects on the country’s socio-economic landscape. The main destination and country of refuge for the majority of Eritrean refugees is Ethiopia.
Although no serious violations of human rights have been reported among Eritrean refugees living in Ethiopia, it a well-known fact that the Ethiopian Government has not fully extended the internationally accepted rights of those who have been forced to flee their own states, to refugees. For example, freedom of movement for refugees is restricted, which is obviously compounded by the encampment policy, which requires that all refugees should be confined to designated refugee camps. This situation seriously undermines the UNHCR’s efforts to enhance refugees’ self-reliance, independence, and chances of local integration.
There has not been much research undertaken regarding the Ethiopian Government’s legal framework on refugees and its impact on the protection of the rights of refugees. In 2014, Ethiopia hosted the largest number of refugees in Africa. This phenomenon was largely attributed to the Ethiopian Government’s ‘open door’ policy towards refugees. The present study is an attempt to critically examine Ethiopian refugee law and determine the extent to which the national laws protect the rights of refugees. Although the study is limited in scope to the situation of Eritrean refugees, the principles and standards of treatment discussed apply to all refugees living in Ethiopia.Public, Constitutional and International Law
LL. M.
Books on the topic "1951 united nations refugee convention"
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Lawyers Committee for Human Rights (U.S.). Uncertain haven: Refugee protection on the fortieth anniversary of the 1951 United Nations Refugee Convention. New York, N.Y: Lawyers Committee for Human Rights, 1991.
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Bose, Nayana, and Wei Meng Lim-Kabaa. Marking fifty years of refugee protection, 1951-2001. New Delhi: Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees, 2001.
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Koser, Khalid. 6. Refugees and asylum-seekers. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/actrade/9780198753773.003.0006.
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Asylum-seekers are those who have applied for international protection. Asylum status is still governed by the 1951 United Nations Convention relating to the Status of Refugees. ‘Refugees and asylum-seekers’ explains the changing geography of refugees and the causes and consequences of refugee movements. Refugees tend not to travel very far, putting strain on the poorest countries, and mostly settle in camps, which suffer from aid misappropriation. There are three durable solutions for refugees: voluntary repatriation, local integration, and third-country settlement. Each can be problematic and none is working well at the moment, as demonstrated by rising numbers of refugees, the increasing proportion of protracted refugee situations, and fewer returns.
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Goldenziel, Jill I. When Law Migrates. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190697570.003.0019.
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As record numbers of migrants have fled by sea in recent years, states have restricted their borders to protect national security. The challenge of balancing domestic security concerns with international human rights commitments has fallen to courts. Drawing on cases from the United States, Australia, and the ECtHR, this chapter will compare how the 1951 Refugee Convention has been interpreted across countries and over time. Its object is to compare when and how courts creatively avoid non-refoulement, the prohibition against returning refugees to a place where their lives are endangered, and when courts uphold a stricter interpretation of the principle. More broadly, this analysis sheds light on the question of what extraterritorial obligations human rights law demands. This chapter employs the techniques of comparative law to illuminate our understanding of what international refugee law, although ostensibly uniform, means when applied in various jurisdictions.
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UNHCR and the Supervision of International Refugee Law. Cambridge University Press, 2013.
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Heiner, Bielefeldt, Ghanea Nazila, and Wiener Michael. Freedom of Religion or Belief. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/law/9780198703983.001.0001.
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Violations of religious freedom and violence committed in the name of religion grab our attention on a daily basis. Freedom of religion or belief is a key human right: the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, numerous conventions, declarations, and soft law standards include specific provisions on freedom of religion or belief. The 1981 Declaration on the Elimination of All Forms of Intolerance and of Discrimination Based on Religion or Belief has been interpreted since 1986 by the mandate of the UN Special Rapporteur on freedom of religion or belief. Special Rapporteurs (for example those on racism, freedom of expression, minority issues, and cultural rights) and Treaty Bodies (for example the Human Rights Committee, Committee on the Elimination of Racial Discrimination, and the Committee on the Rights of the Child) have also elaborated on freedom of religion or belief in the context of their respective mandates. This Commentary looks at the international provisions for the protection of freedom of religion or belief, considering how they are interpreted by various United Nations Special Procedures and Treaty Bodies. Structured around the thematic categories of the United Nations Special Rapporteur’s framework for communications, the Commentary analyses, for example, the limitations on the wearing of religious symbols and the situations of women, detainees, refugees, children, minorities, and migrants, through a combination of scholarly expertise and practical experience.
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Abdelaaty, Lamis Elmy. Discrimination and Delegation. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780197530061.001.0001.
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What explains state responses to the refugees they receive? This book identifies two puzzling patterns: states open their borders to some refugee groups while blocking others (discrimination), and a number of countries have given the United Nations (UN) control of asylum procedures and refugee camps on their territory (delegation). To explain this selective exercise of sovereignty, the book develops a two-part theoretical framework in which policymakers in refugee-receiving countries weigh international and domestic concerns. Internationally, leaders use refugees to reassure allies and exert pressure on rivals. Domestically, policymakers have incentives to favor those refugee groups with whom they share an ethnic identity. When these international and domestic incentives conflict, shifting responsibility to the UN allows policymakers to placate both refugee-sending countries and domestic constituencies. The book then carries out a “three-stage, multi-level” research design in which each successive step corroborates and elaborates the findings of the preceding stage. The first stage involves statistical analysis of asylum admissions worldwide. The second stage presents two country case studies: Egypt (a country that is broadly representative of most refugee recipients) and Turkey (an outlier that has limited the geographic application of the Refugee Convention). The third stage zooms in on sub- or within-country dynamics in Kenya (home to one of the largest refugee populations in the world) through content analysis of parliamentary proceedings. Studying state responses to refugees is instructive because it can help explain why states sometimes assert, and at other times cede, their sovereignty in the face of refugee rights.
Book chapters on the topic "1951 united nations refugee convention"
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Loescher, Gil. "4. Responding to refugee movements." In Refugees: A Very Short Introduction, 54–72. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/actrade/9780198811787.003.0004.
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This chapter discusses the global refugee system. The fundamental principles are detailed in the 1951 Refugee Convention and the core institution of the system is the Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR). These instruments are supposed to ensure that refugees have access to key rights. However, today’s global refugee system has often had difficulty in providing effective responses to refugee movements. The chapter examines the principal constraints on responding to refugee movements through international cooperation within the context of a radically changing international political system, an expanding global mobility regime, and a growing and diverse group of displaced people in need of assistance and protection.
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Francesca P, Albanese, and Takkenberg Lex. "Part One Historical and Legal Foundations, II Palestinian Refugees: A Distinctive Normative and Institutional Regime." In Palestinian Refugees in International Law. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/law/9780198784043.003.0003.
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This chapter examines the foundation of Palestinian refugees’ status in international law, as well as the characteristics of their distinctive institutional and normative regime compared to other refugees around the world. This distinctiveness stems from special arrangements the United Nations (UN) has made for them. This includes ad hoc UN agencies mandated to protect and assist Palestinian refugees, namely the United Nations Conciliation Commission for Palestine (UNCCP) and the United Nations Relief and Works Agency for Palestine Refugees in the Near East (UNRWA) as well as, under certain circumstances, the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR). The chapter then considers both the genesis and meaning of Article 1D of the 1951 Refugee Convention, the provision specifically included with the Palestinian refugees in mind, including its recent interpretation and application, and various defintions of Palestine/Palestinian refugee offered for various purposes (i.e. assistance and relief, protection and durable solutions). It shows how the special arrangements for this group of refugees, put in place due to the circumstances of their displacement, were meant to ensure continuity of protection and how, the lack of durable solutions has made the arrangements set up for them, inclreasingly looking as an anomaly.
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"No. 2545. Convention relating to the Status of Refugees. Signed at Geneva, on 28 July 1951." In United Nations Treaty Series, 408. UN, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.18356/f89331b0-en-fr.
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"No. 2545. Convention relating to the Status of Refugees. Signed at Geneva, on 28 July 1951." In United Nations Treaty Series, 358. UN, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.18356/af4733e5-en-fr.
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"No. 2545. Convention Relating to the status of Refugees. Signed at Geneva on 28 July 1951." In United Nations Treaty Series, 456–57. UN, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.18356/cca0a8c1-en-fr.
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"No. 2545. Convention relating to the Status of Refugees. Signed at Geneva, on 28 July 1951." In United Nations Treaty Series, 260. UN, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.18356/f64245a1-en-fr.
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"No. 2545. Convention relating to the Status of Refugees. Signed at Geneva, on 28 July 1951." In United Nations Treaty Series, 462. UN, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.18356/7b6d4576-en-fr.
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"No. 2545. Convention relating to the Status of Refugees. Signed at Geneva on 28 July 1951." In United Nations Treaty Series, 475–76. UN, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.18356/4191ae68-en-fr.
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"No. 2545. Convention relating to the status of refugees. Signed at Geneva, on 28 July 1951." In United Nations Treaty Series, 258. UN, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.18356/5bded101-en-fr.
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"No. 2545. Convention relating to the Status of Refugees. Signed at Geneva, on 28 July 1951." In United Nations Treaty Series, 485. UN, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.18356/a1f9cd85-en-fr.
Full textConference papers on the topic "1951 united nations refugee convention"
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SLIME, Soulef. "TYPES OF RIGHTS FOR REFUGEES." In International Research Congress of Contemporary Studies in Social Sciences (Rimar Congress 2). Rimar Academy, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.47832/rimarcongress2-5.
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International protection of refugees is one of the most important issues both at the domestic level of States and at the international level. Refugee protection is a human rights issue, but it is unique to refugee because of their status in the asylum State. As a result, many of the rights enjoyed by the latter within the framework of the so-called international protection of refugee, as enshrined in the 1951 United Nation Convention on refugees, as well as human rights charters, have been recognized.