Dissertations / Theses on the topic '1954-1962 (Guerre d'Algérie)'
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Coppin, Marc. "La Côte d'Opale en guerre d'Algérie : 1954-1962." Littoral, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010DUNK0294.
Full textBetween 1954 and 1962 thousands of young men from the Côte d’Opale were sent to Algeria to. In a land that was widely unknown territory to the most northern part of the home country they faced the horrors of a conflict that separated them from their families and their friends, made them lose their jobs. Three hundred and seventy-eight of those young men never came back. How did the population of the coast experience the war in their daily lives? This is a history of the Côte d’Opale through its conscripts and their families as well as their link with Algeria. On the coast, political parties and mainly left-wing trade unions, Christians and teachers took a stand against the extension of the war. However the “OAS” and the NLF also attracted some marginal commitment. From 1954 to 1958 the coast was legalist, but because the Fouth Republic was so largely discredited, General de Gaulle’s return to power was welcomed. Whenever a serious crisis arose though, as in May 1958, January 1960 and April 1961, General de Gaulle’s action was fully supported locally. In order to assuage the pain of the broken or mourning families, official bodies intervened to comfort or maintain a link with the young conscripts in Algeria. Charities and local organizations provided relief. The economic ties between the ports of the Côte d’Opale and the main colony of the country were also affected by the conflict, but relations were sustaines even after 1962. The setllement of a few repatriates and Harkis on the coast have kept alive the memory of the conflict and of its outcome. Fifty years on, speaking about the war still proves difficult
Thénault, Sylvie. "La justice dans la guerre d'Algérie." Paris 10, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999PA100099.
Full textBenmessaoud, Hamid. "La guerre d'Algérie dans le cinéma français." Toulouse 2, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996TOU20056.
Full textThe purpose of this work is the study as well as the analysis is of French films which, in one way or another, touch on Algeria war. This dissertation does not pretend to explore a subject which requires a dense thicket of commentary. It is about further reflexions on the way Algeria war and those who are fought in it were described by French films. In the light of the cinematographic art production. I will try to reveal an interest for Algeria and to determine some favorite topics for discussion in the cinema and especially in that historical period which stretched from 1954 to 1962. From the outset, I shall make a historical reminder of Algeria war in order to shed light on different events of that conflict and to have a good grasp of the French society as well as of the production of films related to that period. In the second chapter, my focus rests on the study of Algeria war in French film production. Under these circumstances, I will go over French films which evoke Algeria's entry into the war. So far as the rest of chapters are concerned, it will deal with topics which keep recurring in films studied
Mauss-Copeaux, Claire. "Images et mémoires d'appelés de la guerre d'Algérie, 1955-1994." Reims, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995REIML003.
Full textThis dissertation in oral history is based on interviews conducted in the french Vosges area from 1990 to 1994. The 39 interviewees are former draftees who performed their military service in Algeria between 1955 and 1962. The analysis sets out to clarify how the individual memory of a historical event based on actual experience comes to express and structure itself and how it interferes with collective memory. The interviews have been confronted with documents belonging to the interviewees as well as with the archives of the shat and the local press. The method takes into account the work done on oral history particularly at the ihp based in paris, and is a combination of contents and discourse analysis. The first part is devoted to the memory-forming process. It starts with the sources used and the methodology ; then, it introduces the interviewees with their social and family background as well as their position in the military institution. The analysis of a local newpaper, la liberte de l'est, makes it possible to define the general context of the period, besides assessing the influence of the concepts imposed by the political and military powers. The second part is first a study of the relatioins between individual and collective memories, of the interactions between history and memory as well as the formation of an individual historical consciousness ; finally, it dwells on the reactions of individual memory in the face of war violence and the confusion of the boundaries between identity and alterity. The third part offers an analysis of the albums of photographs taken by the interviewees. The corpus of 2,000 photographs of the period as confronted with the interviews helps to understand the evolution of memories. An appended volume presents the transcription of six interviews, together with a selection of photographs taken by the interviewees
Driouch, Mohamed. "L'évolution des conflits politiques au sein du mouvement national algérien de 1954 à 1962." Paris 1, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993PA010257.
Full textThe national revolution in Algeria is born from the reformism's crisis and its powerlessness against the colonialism. In order to integrate them, the front of national liberation (FNL) antagonizes to old political parties. The integration process brings up again the problems of national leadership and the independence contents definition. So, conflicts appear between the founding fathers and the rallying staff, and between politicians and militaries. Their struggle for power lead to the army's domination that characterizes the Algeria today
Monneret, Jean. "La phase finale de la Guerre d'Algérie." Paris 4, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1997PA040288.
Full textIn 1962, the exodus towards France of one million Europeans settled in Algeria has often been explained by reference to the outrages committed by the OAS (Secret Army Organisation). It has in fact a variety of causes, among which the abduction of more than 3. 000 French citizens by the FLN (National Liberation Front) and uncontrolled groups ranks prominently. This historical fact has long been concealed. The void of the accords d'Évian, the ineffectiveness of the executif provisoire, (a provisional body in charge of current affairs in the interval leading to the independence) the ambiguousness of the orders conveyed to the French army are other important factors shedding light on this crucial period of time. We have chosen to call it. The final stage of the Algerian war and we are in a position to bring new contributions to the understanding of its various developments. Of course, such an analysis requires additional forays into a number of preceding events. The French government's policies before and after 1961, the rise of the secret army and its various strategies are examined thoroughly. The national liberation front's successive crises are equally studied in details. The brutal and violent events of those days have led to an important destruction of the social fabric of the emerging Algerian republic with consequences enduring to recent times
Vartanian, Karine. "Le droit de la guerre d'Algérie : réflexions sur l'exceptionnalité." Paris 10, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995PA100145.
Full textThe Algerian conflict whose incidences completed to weaken the fourth republic and which threatened to wipe out the new regime was the circumstance which made this period topple over an exceptional era. To face it, a specific legislation was passed, as a matter of urgency, giving permission for a transfer of competence to the benefit of executive. In accordance with this special prescriptive set, a reinforced preventive regime in association with extreme repression policies was made use of. However, this special measure was revealed insufficient ot reach the targets which were those of war. Consequently is real nature was to be a legal shield supporting practices which hardly were. Eventually, the exceptional legality worked out that way looked like a specific cure to the Algerian war. Nevertheless, those who thought such a thing hardly accepted this observation and some special texts were described as permanent. But the working out, just as the utilization of exceptional legislation during the Algerian war implies that this qualification was the consequence of a will hiding the arbitrary of its measures. Moreover, the management or exceptional texts, after the Algerian war tends towards to reinforce this conviction, since the permanent texts, but the
Silva, Helenice Rodrigues da. "Le discours "d'Esprit" et des "Temps modernes" contre la guerre d'Algérie." Paris 10, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991PA100063.
Full textThe phenomenon of commitment is intrinsic to the discourse of the two journals "Esprit" and "les temps modernes" against the Algerian war. Anticolonialist intellectuals acted on the level of the discourse of "truth" and on the level of conscience. In order to keep a small proportion of public opinion informed about the events that were taking place in Algeria, these intellectual journals played the role of a provisional counter-power. Speech acts became synonymous with actions. By studying the discourses of these two journals, two struggle strategies are being set up; they both reflect the two different trends of thought in the intellectual left; i. E. The Christian and the progressive ones
Tared, Zahra. "Interprétations et répercussions de la guerre d'Algérie en Lorraine." Metz, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987METZ005L.
Full textThe lorraine people were not any more pro "Algérie francaise" than anywhere else, except perhaps for personal reasons. The Lorraine people have always refused to be german ; which is why they were determined to keep Algeria french. For this reason algeria became a symbol of the Lorraine people's patriotism. We must not view this as a handy way out of going to war. Certain historical facts prove this beyond a doubt. The Lorraine officials did try to improve the standard of living of those algerians living in Lorraine, but their efforts proved in the main unsuccessful due to economic and social factors. The trade unions proposed peace, but their language was confused. For what were the Lorraine people's marches to Queuleu fort for (a torture chamber during the second world war) if not to protect the miners ? And was the mobilisation there against german rearmament not a way of demonstrating hatred of war in general ? Similary, in some extreme forms of poverty in the north african immigration problem, whether it be housing, social status, or the image of the people, is it not simply one of the aspects, however unfortunate that may be, of the social and economic changes resulting from the french-algerian war ?
Quemeneur, Tramor. "Une guerre sans "non" ? : insoumissions, refus d'obéissance et désertions de soldats français pendant la guerre d'Algérie : 1954-1962." Paris 8, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PA082843.
Full textThree periods of refusal comes out from the quantification of French soldiers who desert, become insubordinates or refuse to obey during the Algerian War. In 1955 and 1956, the 'demonstrations of conscripts' raise the issue of insubordination, however limited to an individual level. From 1957 to 1959, the disobedients contest inside the Army, get organized in exile for deserters and insubordinates, or in prison for the conscientious objectors and the communists 'soldiers of refusal'. The public debate blows up in 1960 with the discovery of Young Resistance, made of disobedients. Some intellectuals support them by writing the Declaration on insubordination right in the Algerian War called 'the 121 Manifesto'. Disobedients become more and more numerous, against the Algerian War or in favour of 'French Algeria' with the Secret Army Organisation. Finally, the non-violent civic action stands up in favour of conscientious objectors
Bouayed, Anissa. "La Confédération générale du travail (C. G. T. ) et la guerre d'Algérie." Paris 7, 1985. http://www.theses.fr/1985PA070018.
Full textKorso, Malika el. "La Guerre d'Algérie à travers cinq journaux catholiques métropolitains 1954-1958." Paris, EHESS, 1985. http://www.theses.fr/1985EHESA009.
Full textChominot, Marie. "Guerre des images, guerre sans image ? : pratiques et usages de la photographie pendant la guerre d'indépendance algérienne : 1954-1962." Paris 8, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PA082937.
Full textDuring the Algerian war of independence, a conflict which officially did not carry the status of war, the two attending camps included photography in their strategies of justification and complex communication, putting into being an actual image policy. Within the internationalization of the conflict, French communication was in a continuous logic of countering the initiatives of Algerian nationalists. However, as we draw geographically near the heart of the conflict, the balance of power reverses and we clearly see a system of information being put in place by the French army and assumed by the political power, functioning also as a hegemonic system of representation of the conflict. Photography is at the heart of a vast undertaking to master the war. Used for the war (as an auxiliary of information), it's also used for the telling of it. The army organized a form of monopoly on production and diffusion of photographic images in order to master the stories given to public opinion by the media. It tried to dry up the flow of civil photographic journalism while feeding regularly the media system of diffusion which therefore sent, willingly yet compelled, a unified vision. The workings of the French system of information reveals many flaws of which creating an 'imageless war' is not the least. The invisibility of the conflict is the consequence of a system of representation which wants to be hegemonic and which, through applying successive filters, generates a banal vision
Arnoux, de Maison Rouge Olivier. "L'Algérie française en procès : justice et politique devant les juridictions d'exception - 1960-1963." Clermont-Ferrand 1, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007CLF1A001.
Full textSegui, Sandrine. "Les communistes français en guerre d'Algérie : histoire, mémoires et représentations (1954-1992)." Aix-Marseille 1, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994AIX10038.
Full textThe PCF policy and the militant members' actions during the whole Algerian war revealed the weaknesses and contradicties of theories of communist anticolonialism. Indeed, in no way and at no time did the leaders seize an exceptional opportunity to stir up the spirit of the revolution. If they had chosen this way, they would have forwent their national legitimacy. They prefered to devote their energies to mass action and keep hoping in class war. Thus, on confining them selves to national ambition they neglected their political mission. The members' divergent opinions and controversial actions regarding the Algerian affairs called the communist theories in question and emphasized not only an ambiguous policy but also the serious divergences in the bosom of the party
Maquin, Étienne. "Le parti socialiste S. F. I. O. Confronté à la guerre d'Algérie (1954-1958)." Reims, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1990REIML002.
Full textIn 1954, the S. F. I. O. . Took place in the centre of the french political area, owing to his strength, cohesion and arbitral behaviour towards extremisms. But, as well as the institutions of the country, the socialists felt their position abrading. When the algerian events became clearly a national independence war, in 1955, the socialists decided to take in hands the restoration of peace. The S. F. I. O. Is a preference observation subject: by the study of his reactions upon the war, the analyst can discover why the french are nowadays so fascinated and puzzled by these dark events. Nevertheless, the processing of this matter is difficult. The socialist party, as array of the power's duty, carried his distorting and filtering point of view on reality, simply because his purpose was to modify the situation. A combination of several means of analysis is necessary to measure the distance between speeches and the events that speeches were handling. This history appears consequently as a particular kind of crisis: not a break, a split; not a destruction, a removing of the S. F. I. O. From central to outlying position, of the power from the parliament to the executive, of the speech from rhetoric to proclamation, of the party from recognition to defence of the national consensus, of the charism from molletism to gaullism. That crisis did'nt resolve, but set problems: what about the republic without empire ?. .
Hubert, Nicolas. "De l'encre sur la plaie : éditeurs et éditions en France pendant la Guerre d'Algérie, 1954-1962." Versailles-St Quentin en Yvelines, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007VERS019S.
Full textBased on a corpus of 994 titles published, spread and read during the franco-algerian decolonization war - which was a writing war, as had been the Dreyfus affair - this thesis tries to fulfill a gap inherited from the historiography, wich until now has only studied some militant texts, and doing this, has described in a synthetic way the major role of the more mediatic actors of publishing field (Le Seuil, Minuit, Maspero). With the methods of an history of books, reading and publishing which tries to be all-embracing, we put into question the various forms (bondings, leaflets, pamphlets) and the different actors (from the administration, army, militant or professionnal sphere) having produced printing literature during the war. Contributing to the history of political, but also literary, scholar or academic publishing, this work is organized in three parts, reporting the reconfigurations operated within the publishing fields and reflecting the rythm of the production: 15% of the titles published in 1954-1956, 35% in 1957-1959 and 47% in 1960-1962. From the first intellectual mobilization of autumn 1955 and edition of l'Algérie hors la loi by the Jeanson couple to the torture denunciation campaign of summer 1957, in wich the citizens comities played a major role, a first radicalization is observed. The relative success met by the anticolonialists invalidating the official purpose of "order maintaining operations" urges the publishing houses wich dominate the field to deal with immediate history. As the cultural and political Third World is emerging, the rythm of production increases. A new radicalization arises. The regime crisis of may-june 1958 gives an occasion to deal with the war, not obliging to practice a political openness towards Algerian nationalism. A nationalist edition tries to reverse the anticolonialists campaign, while a literary edition reactivate orientalism. During the early 1960's, the praetorian (Jean Lartéguy) struggles over the roarings of the "wretched of the earth" (Franz Fanon)
Chapeu, Sybille. "La Mission de France dans la guerre d'Algérie : église, politique et décolonisation." Toulouse 2, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002TOU20010.
Full textBeddiar-Brahmia, Zohra. "Aspects juridiques des Accords d'Evian." Université Robert Schuman (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987STR30022.
Full textThe Evian agreements cannot be interpreted as international treaties, at least as far as the exchange of letters of july the third, 1962, for the reason that the Algerian state is issued from the dismembering of the French state, and that this dismembering seems to be effective only since the referendum of july the first, 1962. Therefore the algerian signatories of the Evian agreements could not, according to the french authorities, engage a future government. They were engaging only themselves to observe the cease-fire on one hand, and to set to work for the referendum on self-determination on the other. The approach to this question is a complete antithesis of the algerian leaders'one : the latter were considering the referendum as a simple legal instrument for the ratification of an already existing governmental decision, because at the time of independence it was by no means schemed to create an Algerian state, but to put in a concrete form its restauration, dated from september 19th, 1958. The following question is worth asking : what was the legal value of the engagement held by the interim government of the Algerian republic ? The validity of the cease-fire agreement was no problem : two belligerents agreed to stop shooting each other; the national liberation front, who was shooting the french army, was for that very reason a valid negociator, quite able to engage himself to stop shooting, and also able meanwhile to settle the frame of new Algeria. The answer to this question varies, according to the french side or the algerian one
Branche, Raphaëlle. "L'armée et la torture pendant la guerre d'Algérie : les soldats, leurs chefs et les violences illégales." Paris, Institut d'études politiques, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000IEPP0037.
Full textNoulens, Thierry. "L'arme blindée et cavalerie en Guerre d'Algérie : adaptation d'un système d'arme en archaïsme et modernité 1954-1962." Thesis, Paris 4, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA040170.
Full textIn 1954, the French Armored Cavalry was a corps that was aiming to get stronger to face the Soviet threat in Europe. The Inspector General of this corps was relieved when the war in Indochina ended because he thought he could rededicate himself to this task. So it was with some reluctance, that from 1955 on wards, he provided the tenth military region (Algeria) with the reinforcements it required. The operational organization of the units, personnel training and equipment program found it very disturbing. Seeking both to maintain its operational capacity in Europe and meet the needs of Algeria, the command reorganized the Armored Cavalry. Armored units were not adapted neither to counter-insurgency, neither to the particular terrain in Algeria. Yet in 1958, they gave satisfying result. The vehicle-mounted infantry had been expanded, their firepower and mobility were expertly used over fences; and horseback units were re-created and deployed more wisely on a favorable terrain. But this re-organization cost very much. The old American equipment was only gradually replaced by French modern equipment (EBR or AMX 13), the command considering this equipment was being wasted. The new materials (Ferret, AML 60, or AMX 13 with M24 turret) could only in Algeria and their acquisition was at the expense the 25 ton tank. However, the French Armored Corps urgently needed this battle tank. To sum up, the Armored Cavalry would have encountered severe difficulties if the conflict had been extended beyond 1962
Noulens, Thierry. "L'arme blindée et cavalerie en Guerre d'Algérie : adaptation d'un système d'arme en archaïsme et modernité 1954-1962." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris 4, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA040170.
Full textIn 1954, the French Armored Cavalry was a corps that was aiming to get stronger to face the Soviet threat in Europe. The Inspector General of this corps was relieved when the war in Indochina ended because he thought he could rededicate himself to this task. So it was with some reluctance, that from 1955 on wards, he provided the tenth military region (Algeria) with the reinforcements it required. The operational organization of the units, personnel training and equipment program found it very disturbing. Seeking both to maintain its operational capacity in Europe and meet the needs of Algeria, the command reorganized the Armored Cavalry. Armored units were not adapted neither to counter-insurgency, neither to the particular terrain in Algeria. Yet in 1958, they gave satisfying result. The vehicle-mounted infantry had been expanded, their firepower and mobility were expertly used over fences; and horseback units were re-created and deployed more wisely on a favorable terrain. But this re-organization cost very much. The old American equipment was only gradually replaced by French modern equipment (EBR or AMX 13), the command considering this equipment was being wasted. The new materials (Ferret, AML 60, or AMX 13 with M24 turret) could only in Algeria and their acquisition was at the expense the 25 ton tank. However, the French Armored Corps urgently needed this battle tank. To sum up, the Armored Cavalry would have encountered severe difficulties if the conflict had been extended beyond 1962
Ianni, Pascal. "Les supplétifs dans les guerres irrégulières (Indochine, Algérie, 1945-1962)." Paris, EPHE, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011EPHE4012.
Full textThe social dimension of irregular wars demands an overall strategy allowing not only to fight the rebels in difficult tactical conditions but also to protect the civil populations to gain their support. Taking into account this social dimension implicates the deployment of numerous soldiers in order to control the ground and to gain the support of native populations. The native auxiliaries who were employed by the French army have quickly turned out to be very necessary. Their advantages are economic,military and social. Native auxiliaries cost ten times less than regular soldiers. They allowed to face lack of friendly forces in Indochina and in Algeria. Tactically, they were essential for gathering intelligence and to conquer the support of native populations. Learning from the Indochina war, French military leaders in Algeria decided to recruit among the native populations. Socially, native auxiliaries are essential for preparing peace. Irregular wars cannot any longer aim at the destruction of the adversary. Military leaders must keep in mind that the objective is to eliminate the reasons for war. Without native soldiers the confidence of the local populations cannot be won
Laribi, Soraya. "Ni morts, ni vivants : l’angoissant mystère des disparus d’Algérie après les accords d’Évian." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris 4, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PA040123.
Full textThis doctoral thesis aims to study the issue of the people who went missing at the end of the Algerian War, namely from the cease-fire of 19 march until the end of 1962. As we were not able to restrict our investigation to this period alone, we expanded our study to the consequences of the disappearances. This approach, which follows the tragic event from its outset to its recognition by the authorities and society, including its impact to date, is in three parts. The first part, « searching for the disappeared » (chapters 1-3), revisits the search by the relevant authorities for the missing individual or their remains, and the relegation of the « search for the disappeared » to an object of scientific research. The misuse of language linked to the multiple meanings of the word « disappeared », statistical escalation and the political and memorial uses of the issue are also highlighted in order to understand the reasons behind this agonizing mystery. The second part presents the procedures used, such as abductions and arbitrary arrests, to « make people disappear » (chapters 4-6). The different perpetrators, targets and motives of these abuses are also examined. Finally, the third part « living with disappearance » (chapters 7-9) focuses largely on the economical and psychological repercussions for families and loved ones, which includes financial problems, rumors and the impossibility of mourning due to the uncertainty of the fate of « those who are neither dead nor alive »
Balvet, Dominique. "Jacques Soustelle et l'Algérie française : gaullisme et antigaullisme, du Front populaire aux marges du Front national." Lille 3, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003LIL30037.
Full textChaput-Le, Bars Corinne. "Effets de raccomodement produits par l'écriture du récit de situations extrêmes de vie : l'exemple d'anciens appelés du contingent durant la guerre d'Algérie." Nantes, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012NANT3032.
Full textBrac, de La Perrière Caroline. "Les employées de maison musulmanes en service chez les européens à Alger pendant la guerre d'Algérie, 1954-1962." Paris 7, 1985. http://www.theses.fr/1985PA070019.
Full textPan, Cong. "La guerre d'Algérie et les relations franco-chinoises." Thesis, Lyon, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020LYSEN039.
Full textThe Algerian War (1954-1962) took place in a particular historical context of the bankruptcy of colonialism, the development of the Cold War and the emergence of the Third World. Despite the little intervention by the People’s Republic of China between 1954 and 1962, this war brought the conflicting history between East and West to a climax so that the Chinese government has always been very attentive to the development of the conflict. During the war, China received a large number of Algerian delegations, recognized the GPRA and established diplomatic relations. China’s policy towards Algeria was, on the one hand, to encourage it on the path of armed struggle which would be accompanied by the resolution of the problem through negotiations, on the other hand, to remind Algeria to prevent the United States from interfering in the internal affairs of the country. At the same time, China provided considerable aid to Algeria. The Chinese government used its support for Algeria to reaffirm its claim to embody a truly revolutionary ideology. More importantly, this support was an important element of China’s foreign policy during this period, reflecting the consciousness of China’s united front to counter the United States, the most important part of China’s diplomacy. Behind the Chinese government’s declarations, policies and actions in favor of the FLN, we also see that the Chinese government wanted to impose new bilateral relations on the French government.As the Algerian War continued from 1958 onwards, China and France undertook to make contact and to probe repeatedly on the issue of recognition and establishment of diplomatic relations. The Algerian War therefore had an impact on the development of Franco-Chinese relations. It was a major obstacle in the rapprochement between the French and Chinese governments, especially from 1958 until 1962
Aggoun, Nacera. "La résistance algérienne dans le chelif algérois : de 1945 à la guerre (1954-1962)." Paris 8, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996PA081101.
Full textThis study is an history of the algerian nationalist movement (espacially communists and messalists) from the second world war to the algerian war (1954-1962). Political and social development under the french colonization of the eastern chelif explains the chelifian resistance. After the 1er november 1954, the military resistance begins in 1956 between the dahra and the ouarsenis mountains. The methods employed are geography, anthropology and oral history (short biographies dictionnary)
Leroux, Denis. "Une armée révolutionnaire : la guerre d'Algérie du 5e bureau." Thesis, Paris 1, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018PA01H077.
Full textDuring the Algerian War, French officers considered the army and its action as revolutionary. They aimed to radically reform military institutions, adapting them to a conflict perceived as a revolutionary war led by communism whose goal was the political control of the population. This revolutionary army had to participate in the modernization of Algeria, integrating Algerians into the French social body, allowing the emergence of an "Algérie nouvelle". In order to achieve this goal, these officers advocated an authoritarian hardening of the state capable of countering communist subversion. This thesis explores the roots, content and consequences of this revolutionary army through the study of the 5th bureau : the staff officers responsible for conducting psychological action from 1955 to 1960, as well the propagandists, political commissars and theoreticians of politico-military action. It employs a prospography of the individual and collective career trajectories of these officers, and analyzes the institutional logics; discourses, and the practices of the 5th bureaus. Tt highlights the political action of the army during the crisis of May and June 1958 through the authoritarian mobilization of Algerians for fraternization demonstrations that aimed to evince Algerians' commitment to a renovated colonial order. This project was defeated by the cleat opposition of the Gaullist state, which dissolved the 5th Bureaus in February 1960 following the week of the barricades uprising, but particularly by its systematic misunderstanding of the Algerian political situation
Calatayud, Bernadette. "Le contentieux de l'indemnisation des biens des rapatriés d'Algérie." Tours, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998TOUR1008.
Full textGabaut, François. "Partisans, une revue militante de la guerre d'Algérie aux années 1968." Paris 7, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001PA070057.
Full text"Partisans" enabled to understand the years 60/70 better, its political upheavals, its international stakes, its actors. Through the world of the press and publishing, this very commited review participated in the history of the intellectual movement and offered a unique testimony on the current events of this period. It covered a period marked by agitated current events: the end of the Algeria war, the independance of the Third World, Cuba, the relationships between the USSR and China, black revolts in the USA, the Vietnam war, the Israeli-Arabic conflict, the international events from 1968 up to Pierre Overney's death in 1972. Founded by François Maspero, Gérard Chaliand and George Mattei, three actors of the Algeria war, the review informed and published documents to favour debates. It questioned about the alterations in socialism by publishing fundamental texts. These texts accompanied the appearance of small political groups (Trotskism, Maosim, leftism) and the birth of social movements, the prelude to the cultural and social revolution of 1968: the boom in feminism, a questioning' of institutional pedagogy, a reflex ion on theatre and politics, the birth of anti psychiatry, the discovery of a different sexuality, etc. As a broadcasting medium for experiences and values, this publication was a crossroads where generations of actors and writers cross, a laboratory where the ideals which lived through this decade rev8aled. Signatures were often prestigious: Maxime Rodinson, Georges Perec, Regis Debray, Ernest Mandel, René Dumont, etc. As a witness of the change in the ideals of the left wing, it questioned the connections between the left, the extreme left, the communist party and the revolution. "Partisans" was financially independent, did not belong to any publishing conglomerate and did not live on advertising revenues. Even though the review, the Maspero publishing company and "La Joie de Lire" bookshop formed a whole, the uncountable seizures, censorship and thefts dangerously hindered the economic health of the Maspero company. The publication of Partisans came to an end in 1973. This thesis offers an original light on a review underestimated today. It proposes a statement of these years 60/70 by striving to read the review once again according to the present, and in particular according to the return of Algerian memories
Amrane, Djamila. "Les femmes algériennes et la guerre de libération nationale en Algérie, 1954-1962." Reims, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988REIML001.
Full textThe purpose of this thesis is to make out the militant women's participation in algerian struggle for national independence (1954-1962). According to the fact that french and algerian archives with respect to these events are not yet available for researchers, it was necessary to rely on other sources. This work is mainly founded on two sources as far unexploited : the file of the algerian ministry of the war veterans (moudjahidine), and the oral testimonies of militant women. On the other side, the newspapers of the period have been systematically looked through. Data supplied by 10 949 attestations to militancy concerning women registered as war veterans, have made it possible, thanks to a computer treatment, to obtain reliable statistics and draw some conclusions concerning the number of militant women, their age, geographic location, date of enrolment, sorts of activities, eventual detention and mortality owing to the war. 88 interviews of militant women have been done, recorded, deciphered, then verified by cross-checks and researches. These live witnesses, by their authenticity, have made up for the human dimension lacking in the statistics. With a view to replace in a historical context the women's participation in the war, the first part of this work consists in a statement of algerian women's situation in 1954. Then, after an analysis of statistical results, the social and cultural background has been studied,. .
Mokhefi, Geist Mansouria. "Les Etats-Unis et la guerre d'Algérie." Paris, Institut d'études politiques, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003IEPP0016.
Full textBaussant, Michèle. "Un pèlerinage pour mémoire : d'Oran à Nimes, les "enfants de Notre Dame de Santa Cruz" : filiation et communauté pieds-noirs à l'épreuve de l'exil." Paris 10, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002PA100008.
Full textFrom the year 1958 to the year 1964, more than one million French people leave what was then the French departments of North-Africa and now the newly born democratic Republic of Algeria. Leaving Algeria without any hope of come back was for them nearly the end of a world. This French Algeria-born people was named "Black feet" as they were born in Africa. This community as a whole was the direct result of the colonization of North-Africa by France. When in mainland France, many individuals starts to think that this community will surely die with the last "Black foot" born in Algeria during the independence year. This study tries to investigate in deep how French and European settlements in Algeria gave way to an historical and cultural behaviour to their descendants. . . First and second part analyze cultural, political and religious matters which participate to the growing of a huge European community in Algeria. . . The third part deals with the exile from Algeria. This induces a kind of very special relations between Algeria-born French people and their past. .
Denis, Sébastien. "L' État, l'armée et le cinéma pendant la guerre d'Algérie : des origines du conflit à la proclamation de l'indépendance : 1945-1962." Paris 1, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004PA010679.
Full textBouabsa, Mohamed. "La politique d'intégration et de réformes à travers quelques communes de la Mitidja Orientale durant la guerre d'Algérie 1954-1962." Poitiers, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986POIT5013.
Full textPresentation and analysis of integration and reform policies in algeria during the algerian war and a study of their implementation in certain communes of the eastern mitidja
Aït-El-Djoudi, Dalila. "Image des combattants français vue par l'ALN : 1954-1962 : l'exemple de la wilaya III." Montpellier 3, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004MON30051.
Full textThis work on fighters' memory of the algerian war underlines the reflexion (thought) of a restrocpective look from a french point of view and from the algerian perception of the conflict. We try to confront fighters of the “ ALN ” with the image they convey and with the perception they have of the french combatants. This approach allows to take in account the opinion, the judgment of the other side, the same judgement against witch the french combatant fought. The vision of the french combatants is as much a matter of strategy as a matter of the evolution of the conscience. It reveals a certain state of the mind but above all, it constitutes in times of fighting a privilegied means of propaganda. The representation of the enemy (opponent) is linked to the rejection of the colonial system. The feeling of otherness (alterity) is influenced by the political nature of war. This work of reconstruction whose recollection makes up on the privilegied contributions of this thesis, comprises a corpus of seventy-nine testimonies from veterans of the “ ALN ”, recorded in Algeria and more particulary in Kabylia (the old wilaya III) between 1999 and 2002
Jaulin, Emmanuel. "La gendarmerie dans la guerre d’Algérie, dépendance et autonomie au sein des forces armées." Paris 4, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PA040021.
Full textThis thesis aims to demonstrate that the relations between the French gendarmerie and army during the Algerian war has evolved according to the different phases of this conflict. As long as the political orientations were clearly in favor of Algerian integration to France, there were no major divergences within the two corps who successfully cooperated to crush the rebellion. But progressive General de Gaulle evolution toward Algerian independence from end of 1959 leads to such stress within the army and European population in Algeria that divergences arises and leads to misunderstandings and sometime real opposition
Buono, Clarisse. "Pieds-noirs d'Algérie et descendants : du devoir de mémoire au travail de deuil identitaire." Paris, EHESS, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003EHES0089.
Full textThe collective memory of the french algerians appears to be the base of an old identity, perpetuated now for over a century. This thesis, which studies the construction of the different categories of identification of french algerians and their descendants, shows that it is not the case. The identity of the french algerian came about with repatriation. It is not only recent but also temporary because it is based on untransmissible bases, a singular collective memory. Studying how this identity is composed and taken apart, it becomes clear that only elements specific to an identity of "repatriated french algerains" (and no longer of pieds-noirs) could exist in the reconstruction of an identity of pieds-noirs descendants. This reconstruction, transmitted on an ideal of multicultural democracy, will not be possible if it is not done through a successful process of mourning. For, the challenge for the pied-noir descendant is not to try to integrate or not his parents' community, but to rebuild himself on that community's ruins or even to destroy it. The children cannot adopt an identity based on a pied-noir collective memory because that memory owes its very existence to elements that exclude them. The only way for the latter to procure a serene identity is to inherit a "re-worked", "non-nostalgic" parental memory from so-called "modern reconstructor" pieds-noirs
Brouillet, Guilhem. "La guerre au "20 heures" : images de guerre / images de la guerre dans le journal télévisé (1954-1999)." Montpellier 3, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009MON30040.
Full textThis work is at the junction of the military history and of the media studies. It focuses on the visual representations of the wars in the Euro-Mediterranean area, on the French TV evening news, on the public broadcasting system since it was created. We wanted to show that the nature of the images presented depends mainly on the image that the newscasters want to give of a war. In other words our hypothesis is that the presentation of the war in images is driven by an ethnocentric vision, particularly regarding the violence of such wars. Beyond this idea, by centering our reflection on the question of Power and television in France, already largely studied by Jerome BOURDON (1994), we wanted to establish that the war is a “sensitive” field which consequently pushes the leading line of the TV news close to that of the government, whatever the time. The analysis was carried out through three case studies: the Algerian war for Independence (1954-1962), the Gulf war (1991) and the disintegration of Yugoslavia (1991-1995; 1999). The analysis of the reports selected in the databases of the National institute for audiovisual (INA) validate our hypothesis, particularly regarding the special treatment of the French Army in operation. Moreover, further comparative analyses of other conflicts highlighted the existence of a rupture in the information, in the same way that the comparison with the foreign TV news, particularly in the US, allowed us to record a French specificity in the way “of showing the war”, but also a similarity: war remains a “sensitive” matter. The media coverage of a war thus remains a strategic element which feeds the discussion on the limits of democracy
Namane, Farid. "L’écriture de la guerre d’Algérie au XXIe siècle : écrivains français, écrivains algériens, regards croisés sur un événement historique." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2019. http://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/ulprive/DDOC_T_2019_0215_NAMANE.pdf.
Full textMore than an half-century after its end, "the algerian war" continues to inspire the novelists of the both Mediterranean sides. Considered as such (a war) in 1999 by the French parliament , this war makes noise in every literary return.our thesis subject , is going to be a comparative analysis of the Algerian and French fiction writings concerning the Algerian war : how a common historical event can be interpreted in fictions differently? After the reading of French novels, we noticed that it’s always a story of military who goes to war and the description is characterized by such exoticism and astonishment. On the other hand, the Algerian writer couldn’t go beyond the war; it’s always present , as an important event by which we should go through to enter in literature: it’s a « location of memory ». Because of these différents points of views we suggest the reading of the main corpus composed of a set of novels edited in XXI st: Rachid Boudjedra Les figuiers de barbarie (2010), Anouar Benmalek Le Rapt (2009), Jérôme Ferrari Où j’ai laissé mon âme (2010), Laurent Mauvignier Des Hommes (2009). In order to do this work properly , we will add an other corpus to the novels mentioned above which had been published during the first years of the independence to the beginning of the 2000 and that in order to see the evolution of the french and Algerian fiction writing theme
Walin, Manon. "Mourir pour la France en Algérie : armée, État et familles face aux morts de l’armée française pendant la guerre d'Algérie (1954- années 2010)." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris 10, 2024. http://faraway.parisnanterre.fr/login?url=http://bdr.parisnanterre.fr/theses/intranet/2024/2024PA100027/2024PA100027.pdf.
Full textDuring the Algerian War, almost 30,000 men died under French flag. However, in France, this war was never declared. The government's official communication confined itself to referring to operations to maintain order, so as not to give legitimacy to Algerian nationalist demands. As a result, these deaths took place under a peacetime legal regime, which had multiple consequences for their institutional and symbolic management. Our work follows their journey, from their death to their remembrance, in order to grasp all the issues they raise for French institutions and society. The Army, the State and the families are brought into dialogue to make visible the different dimensions of death.The Franco-Algerian conflict was asymmetrical, with relatively few deaths on the French side compared with previous wars in the country. This low lethality gives death a singular contour, that of a death that might not have happened. But the French army still had to deal with a very frequent, even massive, death toll: the institution and its players implemented processes and practices to manage the dead, both logistically and symbolically. Deceased servicemen were collected, buried and then honoured at an initial funeral ceremony, before being returned to their families. During the Algerian war, almost all the bodies of French army servicemen were returned to their families. While this practice was part of a tradition established after the First World War, its implementation in this context was complicated: as the conflict took place in peacetime, it was primarily the Ministry of Defence that took charge, whereas in wartime this role fell to the Ministry of Veterans' Affairs. This situation gave rise to logistical and administrative difficulties, forcing the institutions to adapt and redefine their areas of responsibility.In the rear, during the war, French society - in Algeria as in mainland France - received news of the death of combatants. This information disrupted the official line of communication, which maintained that there was no war in Algeria. After trying to minimise their visibility (1956-1958), the civil and military institutions ended up reintegrating the dead into official communication. They adopted a tightrope-walking rhetoric aimed at normalising them by honouring them as war dead, thereby meeting the expectations of civil society. Public opinion was sometimes sensitive to the deaths of servicemen in Algeria, who were mainly conscripts, but the periods of indignation were fairly limited, and only the Communists consistently denounced these deaths. French society was still used to war deaths, and the Algerian war did not call into question the acceptance of the principle of patriotic sacrifice, despite its unique context. Instead, demands were made for these dead to be treated as war dead: under this pressure, their final funerals were gradually organised as public funerals, like those of First World War servicemen. It was in the context of this dialogue and in response to society's expectations that recognition and remembrance of the dead were also developed during and after the war. This was initially the responsibility of civil society, before finally being taken on in part by the public authorities several decades after the end of the conflict. The specific context of the Algerian War, that of a war denied, weighed heavily on the memory of its dead, but also, as our work ultimately shows, on the way in which the families of the deceased combatants dealt with the death and mourning of their loved ones
Gacon, Stéphane. "L'amnistie et la République en France : de la Commune à la Guerre d'Algérie." Paris, Institut d'études politiques, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000IEPP0018.
Full textPériès, Gabriel. "De l'action militaire à l'action politique : impulsion, codification et application de la doctrine de la "guerre révolutionnaire" au sein de l'armée française (1944-1960)." Paris 1, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999PA010264.
Full textThe subject of this thesis is the study of one of the military doctrine which has had a preponderant role during the cold war for the formation of the french officer until the end of the 50'. The interest of this doctrine, for the political science is central to the definition of the role of the military's relationship with the political power. The study of the institutionalization of this doctrine known as the doctrine of "guerre révolutionnaire" (DGR) inside the french army made thru an analysis of discourse of the main social actors involved in the doctrinal field enlightened several salient points: - the leading role, at the liberation, of General de Lattre, in the formulation of a will to modernize the french military doctrine. This modernization will lead to the integration of behavioural social sciences in the military knowledge and the formulation of the psychological action and warfare. - the heading of "guerre revolutionnaire" expression synthesized the captation of this will of modernization by the colonial infantry and its implementation of the general staff section of psy war during the Indochina and Algeria conflicts. - the codification of this doctrine at the “école supérieure de guerre of Paris, takes place in an atmosphere of political-military tension which provokes conflicts within the doctrinal field. Those conflicts take roots in the will of some officers advocating a more active role of the army in social and political matters. We analyzed also the international aspects of the DGR, pointing out the participation of foreign officers into its elaboration, propagation and applications. A case study demonstrated the technological strength of the french doctrinal discourse in Argentina, hub of the propagation of the DGR thru South America. By this, we have examined the importance of this doctrine during the period 1960-1983 in the establishment of a special type of military dictatorship, pointing out in one hand, the main role played by french military advisors during 1959-1966 period, teaching the DGR at the argentinean army, and in the other hand, the training of argentinean officers at the ESG of Paris between 1952 and 1960
Hautreux, François-Xavier. "L'armée française et les supplétifs "français musulmans" pendant la guerre d'Algérie : expérience et enjeux." Paris 10, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PA10A003.
Full textGodard, Isabelle. "Le syndicalisme étudiant hier et aujourd'hui : de la guerre d'Algérie à nos jours, deux générations de militants ?" Aix-Marseille 1, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002AIX10010.
Full textLaribi, Soraya. "Ni morts, ni vivants : l’angoissant mystère des disparus d’Algérie après les accords d’Évian." Thesis, Paris 4, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PA040123.
Full textThis doctoral thesis aims to study the issue of the people who went missing at the end of the Algerian War, namely from the cease-fire of 19 march until the end of 1962. As we were not able to restrict our investigation to this period alone, we expanded our study to the consequences of the disappearances. This approach, which follows the tragic event from its outset to its recognition by the authorities and society, including its impact to date, is in three parts. The first part, « searching for the disappeared » (chapters 1-3), revisits the search by the relevant authorities for the missing individual or their remains, and the relegation of the « search for the disappeared » to an object of scientific research. The misuse of language linked to the multiple meanings of the word « disappeared », statistical escalation and the political and memorial uses of the issue are also highlighted in order to understand the reasons behind this agonizing mystery. The second part presents the procedures used, such as abductions and arbitrary arrests, to « make people disappear » (chapters 4-6). The different perpetrators, targets and motives of these abuses are also examined. Finally, the third part « living with disappearance » (chapters 7-9) focuses largely on the economical and psychological repercussions for families and loved ones, which includes financial problems, rumors and the impossibility of mourning due to the uncertainty of the fate of « those who are neither dead nor alive »
Gobin, Charlotte. "Genre et engagement : devenir "porteur-e de valises" en guerre d'Algérie (1954-1966)." Thesis, Lyon, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LYSE2003/document.
Full textAt the crossroads of three historical fields (gender studies, history of collective actions and history of the Algerian war of Independence), this PhD thesis questions the way men and women, whether French or European, have been urged to position themselves against the French politics in Algeria and then to join the clandestine support to the National front of Liberation (FLN), becoming “porteur∙e∙s de valises”.The prosopographical approach adopted allows to retrace the many processes that led some men and women to clandestinely give support to the Algerian nationalists, while highlighting the diversity of the socialisation processes, the matrix of commitment and of entering in militant activities. Such an approach also allows to re-examine the forms and modalities of the clandestine support to the FLN, and thus, to underline their variety, which has often been undermined by the generic term “porteur∙e∙s de valises”. This prosopographical approach finally questions the consequences of this clandestine support, be them biographical or militant.Questioning the gender of such a commitment, in support to the clandestine FLN and in the very context of the Algerian war allows to both enrich and qualify the traditional analysis of this kind of support. This research reveals the social and historical construction of femininity and masculinity, from which comes out a hierarchised and gendered bi-categorisation that conditions, structures or influences the process on entering into militantism, but also the ways of militancy and, finally, the analysis of collective actions
Roche, Émilie. "Étude des discours de presse écrite française sur la violence et la torture pendant la guerre d’Algérie : Le Monde, L’Humanité, Le Figaro, L’Express, France Observateur, 1954-1962." Lyon 2, 2007. http://theses.univ-lyon2.fr/documents/lyon2/2007/roche_e.
Full textThis thesis explores the coverage of the Algerian War in the French newspapers Le Monde, L’Humanité, Le Figaro, France Observateur and L’Express. It underlines the characteristics of the discourse about violence as well as the political changes that emerged from it. Not only does the analysis of the discourse about violence and torture bring to light the ideological positions assumed by the media, it also shows that studying media representation enables to have a fruitful approach to the complex historical period of the Algerian War